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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/cirth/cirth.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/cirth/cirth.tex deleted file mode 100644 index ab1bbff5e65..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/cirth/cirth.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\font\cirth=cirbf -\input num -\def\nj{n$\!\!$\j} -\def\C#1{\c{#1}$_{_{#1}}$} -\def\bs{$\backslash$} -\baselineskip=18pt -\begin{document} -\begin{center} -\section*{THE CIRTH} -\end{center} - -\noindent -The {\sl Certhas Daeron} was originally devised to represent the sounds -of Sindarin only. The oldest {\sl cirth} were \C{1}, \C{2}, \C{5}, \C{6}; -\C{8}, \C{9}, \C{12}; \C{18}, \C{19}, \C{22}; \C{29}, \C{31}; \C{35}, -\C{36}; \C{39}, \C{42}, \C{46}, \C{50}; and a {\sl certh} varying -between \C{13} and \C{15}. The assignment of values was unsystematic. -\C{39}, \C{42}, \C{46} and \C{50} were vowels and remained so in all later -developments. \C{13} and \C{15} were used for {\sl h} or {\sl s}, according -as \C{35} was used for {\sl s} or {\sl h}. This tendency to hesitate -in the assignment of values for {\sl s} and {\sl h} continued in -later arangements. In those characters that consisted of a -`stem' and a `branch', \C{1}--\C{31}, the attachment of the branch was, -if on one side only, usually made on the right side. -The reverse was not infrequent, but had no phonetic significance. - -The extension and elaboration of this {\sl certhas} was called in its older -form the {\sl Angerthas Daeron}, since the additions to the old {\sl cirth} -and their re-organization was attributed to Daeron. The principal additions, -however, the introductions of two new series, \C{13}--\C{17}, and -\C{23}--\C{28}, were actually most probably inventions of the Noldor of -Eregion, since they were used for the representation of sounds not found -in Sindarin. - -In the rearrangement of the {\sl Angerthas} the following principles -are observable (evidently inspired by the F\"eanorian system): -(1) adding a stroke to a brance added a `voice'; -(2) reversing the {\sl certh} indicated opening to a `spirant'; -(3) placing the branch on both sides of the stem added voice and -nasality. -These principles were regularly carried out, except in one point. -For (archaic) Sindarin a sign for a spirant {\sl m} (or nasal {\sl v}) -was required, and since this could best be provided by a reversal of the sign -for {\sl m}, the reversible \C{6} was given the value {\sl m}, but \C{5} -was given the value {\sl hw}. - -\C{36}, the theoretic value of which was {\sl z} was used, in spelling -Sindarin or Quenya, for {\sl ss}: cf.\ F\"eanorian 31. \C{39} was used for -either {\sl i} or {\sl y} consonant); \C{34}, \C{35} were used indifferently -for {\sl s}; and \C{38} was used for the frequent sequence {\sl nd}, although -it was not clearly related in shape to the dentals. - -\bigskip - -In the Table of Values those on the left are, when seperated by --, the -values of the older {\sl Angerthas}. Those on the right are the -value of the Dwarvish {\sl Angerthas Moria}\footnote{Those in (\ ) are -values only found in Elvish use: $\star$ marks}. -The Dwarves of Moria, as can be seen, introduced a number of unsystematic -changes in value, as well as certain new {\sl cirth}: -\C{37}, \C{40}, \C{41}, \C{53}, \C{55}, \C{56}. The dislocation in -values was due to mainly two causes: -(1) the alteration in the values of \C{34}, \C{35}, \C{54} respectively to -{\sl h}, (the clear or glottal beginning of a work with an initial vowel -that appeared in Khuzdul), and {\sl s}; -(2) the abandonment of the \C{14}, \C{16} for which the Dwarves substitutde -\C{29}, \C{30}. The consequent use of 12 for {\sl r}, -the invention of \C{53} for {\sl n} (and its confusion with \C{22}); -the use of \C{17} as {\sl z}, to go with \C{54} in its value {\sl s}, and -the consequent use of \C{36} as \nj\ and the new {\sl certh} \C{37} for {\sl ng} -may also be observed. The new \C{55}, \C{56} were in origin a halved form -of \C{46}, and were used for vowels like those heard in English {\sl butter}, -which were frequent in Dwarvish and in the Westron. When weak or evanescent -they were often reduced to a mere stroke ({\cirth `} and {\cirth '}) without a stem. -This {\sl Angerthas Moria} is represented in the tomb-inscription. - -The Dwarves of Erebor used a further modification of -this system, known as the mode or Erebor, and exmplified in the Book or -Mazarbul. Its chief characteristics were: the use of \C{43} as {\sl z}; -of \C{17} as {\sl ks} ({\sl x}); and the invention of two new {\sl cirth}, -\C{57}, \C{58} for {\sl ps} and {\sl ts}. They also reintroduced \C{14}, -\C{16} for the values {\sl j}, {\sl zh}; but used \C{29}, \C{30} for -{\sl g}, {\sl gh}, or as mere variants of \C{19}, \C{21}. These peculiarities -are not included in the table, except for the special Ereborian {\sl cirth}, -\C{57}, \C{58}. - -\begin{center} -{\sc the angerthas}\\ -{\sc table of values}\\ -\begin{tabular}{|lc|lc|lc|lc|} -\hline -\small 1&\cirth p&\small 16&\cirth zh&\small 31&\cirth l&\small 46&\cirth e\\ -\small 2&\cirth b&\small 17&\cirth nj&\small 32&\cirth lh&\small 47&\cirth E\\ -\small 3&\cirth f&\small 18&\cirth k&\small 33&\cirth x&\small 48&\cirth a\\ -\small 4&\cirth v&\small 19&\cirth g&\small 34&\cirth s&\small 49&\cirth A\\ -\small 5&\cirth hw&\small 20&\cirth kh&\small 35&\cirth S&\small 50&\cirth o\\ -\small 6&\cirth m&\small 21&\cirth gh&\small 36&\cirth z&\small 51&\cirth O \char25\\ -\small 7&\cirth mb&\small 22&\cirth N&\small 37&\cirth xo&\small 52&\cirth \char26 \char27\\ -\small 8&\cirth t&\small 23&\cirth kw&\small 38&\cirth nd M&\small 53&\cirth Y\\ -\small 9&\cirth d&\small 24&\cirth gw&\small 39&\cirth i&\small 54&\cirth h\\ -\small 10&\cirth th&\small 25&\cirth \char12&\small 40&\cirth y&\small 55&\cirth \char28 `\\ -\small 11&\cirth dh&\small 26&\cirth \char13&\small 41&\cirth hy&\small 56&\cirth \char29 '\\ -\small 12&\cirth n&\small 27&\cirth ngw&\small 42&\cirth u&\small 57&\cirth ps\\ -\small 13&\cirth ch&\small 28&\cirth nw&\small 43&\cirth U&\small 58&\cirth ts\\ -\small 14&\cirth j&\small 29&\cirth r&\small 44&\cirth w& &\cirth c\\ -\small 15&\cirth sh&\small 30&\cirth rh&\small 45&\cirth \char23 \char24&\&&\cirth \&\\ -\hline -\end{tabular}\\ -\bigskip -{\sc phonetic values}\\ -\begin{tabular}{|lc|lc|lc|lc|} -\hline -\small 1&\rm p&\small 16&\rm zh&\small 31&\rm l&\small 46&\rm e\\ -\small 2&\rm b&\small 17&\rm nj--z&\small 32&\rm lh&\small 47&\rm \=e\\ -\small 3&\rm f&\small 18&\rm k&\small 33&\rm ng--nd&\small 48&\rm a\\ -\small 4&\rm v&\small 19&\rm g&\small 34&\rm s--h&\small 49&\rm \=a\\ -\small 5&\rm hw&\small 20&\rm kh&\small 35&\rm s--'&\small 50&\rm o\\ -\small 6&\rm m&\small 21&\rm gh&\small 36&\rm z--\nj&\small 51&\rm \=o\\ -\small 7&\rm (mh)mb&\small 22&\rm \nj--n&\small 37&\rm ng$^\star$&\small 52&\rm \"o\\ -\small 8&\rm t&\small 23&\rm kw&\small 38&\rm nd--nj&\small 53&\rm n$^\star$\\ -\small 9&\rm d&\small 24&\rm gw&\small 39&\rm i(y)&\small 54&\rm h--s\\ -\small 10&\rm th&\small 25&\rm khw&\small 40&\rm y$^\star$&\small 55&\rm `$\star$\\ -\small 11&\rm dh&\small 26&\rm ghw,w&\small 41&\rm hy$^\star$&\small 56&\rm '$\star$\\ -\small 12&\rm n--r&\small 27&\rm ngw&\small 42&\rm u&\small 57&\rm ps$^\star$\\ -\small 13&\rm ch&\small 28&\rm nw&\small 43&\rm \=u&\small 58&\rm ts$^\star$\\ -\small 14&\rm j&\small 29&\rm r--j&\small 44&\rm w& &\rm $+$h\\ -\small 15&\rm sh&\small 30&\rm rh--zh&\small 45&\rm \"u& &\rm \&\\ -\hline -\end{tabular} -\end{center} - -\noindent -\section*{USING THE CIRTH FROM \TeX} - -\noindent -The name of the font, as distributed, is {\tt cirth} and can be simply -accessed by {\tt \bs font\bs cirth=cirth}\footnote{In \LaTeX\ use {\tt -\bs newfont\{\bs cirth\}\{cirth scaled\bs magstep2\}} for a scalable -font.}. -The normal letters are mapped according to the older {\sl Angerthas} -where possible. The letter values and ligatures are indicated on the -table below. -Additionally the file {\tt num.tex} is provided that allows the -characters to be accesses by referenced to their numeric entry point -in Tolkien's Table of Values. -There are two interfaces for this. -Firstly the macro {\tt \bs c} takes a single paramer which should -be a number and coresponds to the table entry. (for example {\tt \bs c\{24\}} -produces \c{24}.) -Alternatively you can type the english for the number preceded by a -`c' (e.g. {\tt \bs ctwentyfour} produces \ctwentyfour). In the case -where there are two {\sl cirth} for a single entry {\tt \bs c} takes -the first and the english macros are suffixed by either an -`a' or a `b'. For example {\tt \bs c\{38\}} produces \c{38} and -you must use {\tt \bs cthirtyeighta} for {\cirth \cthirtyeighta} and -{\tt \bs cthirtyeightb} for {\cirth \cthirtyeightb}. - -\begin{center} -{\sc the angerthas to keycode mappings}\\ -\begin{tabular}{|cc|cc|cc|cc|} -\hline -\cirth p&\tt p&\cirth zh&\tt zh&\cirth l&\tt l&\cirth e&\tt e\\ -\cirth b&\tt b&\cirth nj&\tt nj&\cirth lh&\tt lh&\cirth E&\tt E\\ -\cirth f&\tt f&\cirth k&\tt k&\cirth x&\tt x&\cirth a&\tt a\\ -\cirth v&\tt v&\cirth g&\tt g&\cirth s&\tt s&\cirth A&\tt A\\ -\cirth hw&\tt hw&\cirth kh&\tt kh&\cirth S&\tt S&\cirth o&\tt o\\ -\cirth m&\tt m&\cirth gh&\tt gh&\cirth z&\tt z&\cirth O&\tt O\\ -\cirth mb&\tt mb&\cirth N&\tt N&\cirth xo&\tt xo&\cirth oo OO&\tt oo,OO\\ -\cirth t&\tt t&\cirth kw&\tt kw&\cirth nd M&\tt nd,M&\cirth Y&\tt Y\\ -\cirth d&\tt d&\cirth gw&\tt gw&\cirth i&\tt i&\cirth h&\tt h\\ -\cirth th&\tt th&\cirth khw&\tt khw&\cirth y&\tt y&\cirth er` &\tt er,`\\ -\cirth dh&\tt dh&\cirth ghw&\tt ghw&\cirth hy&\tt hy&\cirth el' &\tt el,'\\ -\cirth n&\tt n&\cirth ngw&\tt ngw&\cirth u&\tt u&\cirth ps&\tt ps\\ -\cirth ch&\tt ch&\cirth nw&\tt nw&\cirth U&\tt U&\cirth ts&\tt ts\\ -\cirth j&\tt j&\cirth r&\tt r&\cirth w&\tt w&\cirth c&\tt c\\ -\cirth sh&\tt sh&\cirth rh&\tt rh&\cirth uu UU&\tt uu,UU&\cirth \&&\tt \&\\ -\cirth .&\tt .&\cirth :&\tt :&\cirth ,&\tt ,&\cirth ;&\tt ;\\ -\hline -\end{tabular}\\ -\end{center} -The last line in the table contains the extra typesetting runes provided. - -The files {\tt cirbf.mf}, {\tt cirsl.mf}, and {\tt cirss.mf} have -also been provided that produce (respectively) boldface, slanted, -and sans-serif Cirth fonts. The boldface fonts stands out well -and can be used when inserting Cirth into normal text. For Cirth -on its own I reccomend the normal font at 12 point. The Sans-serif -font eliminates the serifs (as expected) and makes the pen round, -giving very clear characters. (With the normal slanted pen the -slanted strokes to the left are darker than to the right.) I can -think of no use for the slanted font (but it was easy to do!). -MetaFont hacks can easily combine the options and produce a -slanted bold font without serifs if they so chose. - -\section*{EXAMPLES} - -\noindent -\begin{tabular}{l|c} -\bf English text &\bf TeX code \& result \\ \hline -The Lord of the rings &\tt\verb+{\cirth dher lon-d ov dher nizS}+ \\ - & {\cirth dher lon-d ov dher nizS} \\ -translated from the red book &\tt\verb+{\cirth tnaNSlat`d fnom dher ned bOk}+ \\ - & {\cirth tnaNSlat`d fnom dher ned bOk} \\ \hline -There and back again &\tt\verb+{\cirth dhener ax bak agaiN}+ \\ - & {\cirth dhener ax bak agaiN} \\ -a hobbits tale &\tt\verb+{\cirth a hobbitS taler}+ \\ - & {\cirth a hobbitS taler} \\ \hline -Balin son of Fundin &\tt\verb+{\cirth baliN SelN ov fuxiN}+ \\ - & {\cirth baliN SelN ov fuxiN} \\ -Lord of Moria &\tt\verb+{\cirth lon-d ov monia}+ \\ - & {\cirth lon-d ov monia} \\ \hline -Glamdring (foe-hammer) &\tt\verb+{\cirth glamdriN}+ \\ - & {\cirth glamdriN} \\ -Orc-rist (goblin-cleaver) &\tt\verb+{\cirth orkriSt}+ \\ - & {\cirth orkriSt} \\ -\end{tabular} - -\bigskip\noindent -Please send all comments, criticisms or improvements to -me. e-mail: jaymin@maths.tcd.ie, or by mail to -Jo Jaquinta, 44 Bancroft Avenue, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland. -\end{document} |