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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.html index 61a451603f1..d76d0e79c8d 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.html @@ -1,200 +1,242 @@ -<html lang="en"> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- This manual documents Dvips version 5.994 +(April 2014), a program to translate a DVI file into +PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. --> +<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> <head> <title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> + <meta name="description" content="Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> -<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> -<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> +<meta name="keywords" content="Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> +<link href="#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> +<link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> +<link href="dir.html#Top" rel="up" title="(dir)"> +<style type="text/css"> <!-- -This manual documents Dvips version 5.992 -(May 2012), a program to translate a DVI file into -PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> -<style type="text/css"><!-- - pre.display { font-family:inherit } - pre.format { font-family:inherit } - pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } - pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } - pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } - pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } - span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } - span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } - span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } ---></style> +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} +div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} +div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +kbd {font-style:oblique} +pre.display {font-family: inherit} +pre.format {font-family: inherit} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} +ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} +--> +</style> + + </head> -<body> -<h1 class="settitle">Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</h1> - <div class="shortcontents"> -<h2>Short Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#toc_Top">Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Installation">2 Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Color">7 Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Index">Index</a></li> -</ul> -</div> +<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> +<h1 class="settitle" align="center">Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</h1> - <div class="contents"> -<h2>Table of Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Dvips</a> -<li><a name="toc_Why-Dvips" href="#Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a> -<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#config_002eps-installation">2.1 <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> installation</a> -<li><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">2.2 PostScript font installation</a> -<li><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">2.3 Ghostscript installation</a> -<li><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">2.4 Diagnosing problems</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Debug-options">2.4.1 Debug options</a> -<li><a href="#No-output">2.4.2 No output at all</a> -<li><a href="#Small-or-inverted">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</a> -<li><a href="#Printer-errors">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</a> -<li><a href="#Long-documents-fail">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</a> -<li><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Invoking-Dvips" href="#Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Basic-usage">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</a> -<li><a href="#Command_002dline-options">3.2 Command-line options</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Option-summary">3.2.1 Option summary</a> -<li><a href="#Option-details">3.2.2 Option details</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Environment-variables">3.3 Environment variables</a> -<li><a href="#Config-files">3.4 Dvips configuration files</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</a> -<li><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Paper-size-and-landscape" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special</a> -<li><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a> -<li><a href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Interaction-with-PostScript" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#PostScript-figures">5.1 PostScript figures</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Bounding-box">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</a> -<li><a href="#_005cincludegraphics">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a> -<li><a href="#EPSF-macros">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a> -<li><a href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>’ special</a> -<li><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a> -<li><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Header-files">5.2 PostScript header files</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</a> -<li><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</a> -<li><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</a> -<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special</a> -<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code></a> -<li><a href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a> -<li><a href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Hypertext">5.4 HyperTeXt</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</a> -<li><a href="#Hypertext-specials">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_PostScript-fonts" href="#PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Font-concepts">6.1 Font concepts</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Metric-files">6.1.1 Metric files</a> -<li><a href="#Glyph-files">6.1.2 Glyph files</a> -<li><a href="#Virtual-fonts">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</a> -<li><a href="#Encodings">6.1.4 Encodings</a> -<li><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Making-a-font-available">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</a> -<li><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a> -<li><a href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Special-font-effects">6.3.2 Special font effects</a> -<li><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#psfonts_002emap">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Color" href="#Color">7 Color</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Color-macro-files">7.1 Color macro files</a> -<li><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">7.2 User-definable colors</a> -<li><a href="#Color-subtleties">7.3 Color subtleties</a> -<li><a href="#Ted-Turner">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</a> -<li><a href="#Color-device-configuration">7.5 Color device configuration</a> -<li><a href="#Color-support-details">7.6 Color support details</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Color-specifications">7.6.1 Color specifications</a> -<li><a href="#Color-specials">7.6.2 Color specials</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a> -</li></ul> -</div> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Top"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> -</div> -<h2 class="unnumbered">Dvips</h2> -<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.992 -(May 2012), a program to translate a DVI file into -PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>: Why use Dvips? -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>: How to compile and install Dvips. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>: Command-line options, configuration files, etc. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>: Changing the paper dimensions. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>: TeX meets Dvips meets PostScript. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>: Installing and using PostScript fonts. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Color">Color</a>: Using color with Dvips. -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Index">Index</a>: General index. + +<a name="SEC_Overview"></a> +<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2> + +<div class="shortcontents"> +<ul class="no-bullet"> +<li><a name="stoc-Why-use-Dvips_003f" href="#toc-Why-use-Dvips_003f">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Installation-1" href="#toc-Installation-1">2 Installation</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Invoking-Dvips-1" href="#toc-Invoking-Dvips-1">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation" href="#toc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1" href="#toc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-PostScript-fonts-1" href="#toc-PostScript-fonts-1">6 PostScript fonts</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">7 Color</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1">Index</a></li> </ul> +</div> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Why-Dvips"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<a name="SEC_Contents"></a> +<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2> + +<div class="contents"> + +<ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Why-use-Dvips_003f" href="#Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Installation-1" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-config_002eps-installation-1" href="#config_002eps-installation">2.1 <samp>config.ps</samp> installation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-PostScript-font-installation-1" href="#PostScript-font-installation">2.2 PostScript font installation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Ghostscript-installation-1" href="#Ghostscript-installation">2.3 Ghostscript installation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Diagnosing-problems-1" href="#Diagnosing-problems">2.4 Diagnosing problems</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Debug-options-1" href="#Debug-options">2.4.1 Debug options</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-No-output-at-all" href="#No-output">2.4.2 No output at all</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Output-too-small-or-inverted" href="#Small-or-inverted">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Error-messages-from-printer" href="#Printer-errors">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Long-documents-fail-to-print" href="#Long-documents-fail">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Including-graphics-fails-1" href="#Including-graphics-fails">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</a></li> + </ul></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Invoking-Dvips-1" href="#Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Basic-usage-of-Dvips" href="#Basic-usage">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Command_002dline-options-1" href="#Command_002dline-options">3.2 Command-line options</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Option-summary-1" href="#Option-summary">3.2.1 Option summary</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Option-details-1" href="#Option-details">3.2.2 Option details</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Environment-variables-1" href="#Environment-variables">3.3 Environment variables</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Dvips-configuration-files" href="#Config-files">3.4 Dvips configuration files</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Configuration-file-searching-1" href="#Configuration-file-searching">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Configuration-file-commands-1" href="#Configuration-file-commands">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</a></li> + </ul></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-papersize-special-1" href="#papersize-special">4.1 ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Configuration-file-paper-size-command" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Paper-trays-1" href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-PostScript-figures-1" href="#PostScript-figures">5.1 PostScript figures</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-The-bounding-box-comment" href="#Bounding-box">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Using-the-EPSF-macros" href="#EPSF-macros">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-EPSF-scaling-1" href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-EPSF-clipping-1" href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-psfile-special-1" href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 ‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Fonts-in-figures-1" href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-PostScript-header-files" href="#Header-files">5.2 PostScript header files</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Including-headers-from-TeX-1" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Headers-and-memory-usage-1" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Literal-PostScript" href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript" href="#g_t_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-ps-special-1" href="#ps-special">5.3.2 ‘<samp>ps</samp>’ special</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial" href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp>!</samp>’ <code>\special</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-PostScript-hooks-1" href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Literal-examples-1" href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-HyperTeXt" href="#Hypertext">5.4 HyperTeXt</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Hypertext-caveats-1" href="#Hypertext-caveats">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Hypertext-specials-1" href="#Hypertext-specials">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</a></li> + </ul></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-PostScript-fonts-1" href="#PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Font-concepts-1" href="#Font-concepts">6.1 Font concepts</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Metric-files-1" href="#Metric-files">6.1.1 Metric files</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Glyph-files-1" href="#Glyph-files">6.1.2 Glyph files</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Virtual-fonts-1" href="#Virtual-fonts">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Encodings-1" href="#Encodings">6.1.4 Encodings</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-How-PostScript-typesets-a-character" href="#PostScript-typesetting">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Making-a-PostScript-font-available" href="#Making-a-font-available">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Invoking-Afm2tfm" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Changing-font-encodings-1" href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp>-t</samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp>-p</samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings" href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp>-T</samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Encoding-file-format-1" href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Special-font-effects-1" href="#Special-font-effects">6.3.2 Special font effects</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Afm2tfm-options-1" href="#Afm2tfm-options">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog" href="#psfonts_002emap">6.4 <samp>psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Color-1" href="#Color">7 Color</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Color-macro-files-1" href="#Color-macro-files">7.1 Color macro files</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-User_002ddefinable-colors-1" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">7.2 User-definable colors</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Color-subtleties-1" href="#Color-subtleties">7.3 Color subtleties</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing" href="#Ted-Turner">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Color-device-configuration-1" href="#Color-device-configuration">7.5 Color device configuration</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Color-support-details-1" href="#Color-support-details">7.6 Color support details</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Color-specifications-1" href="#Color-specifications">7.6.1 Color specifications</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Color-specials-1" href="#Color-specials">7.6.2 Color specials</a></li> + </ul></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Index-1" href="#Index">Index</a></li> +</ul> +</div> + +<a name="Top"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="n" rel="next">Why Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Dvips"></a> +<h1 class="top">Dvips</h1> +<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.994 +(April 2014), a program to translate a DVI file into +PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. +</p> + +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="1">Why Dvips</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Why use Dvips? +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Installation" accesskey="2">Installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to compile and install Dvips. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="3">Invoking Dvips</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Command-line options, configuration files, etc. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="4">Paper size and landscape</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the paper dimensions. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="5">Interaction with PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX meets Dvips meets PostScript. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="6">PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Installing and using PostScript fonts. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color" accesskey="7">Color</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Using color with Dvips. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Index" accesskey="8">Index</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">General index. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> +<a name="Why-Dvips"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<a name="Why-use-Dvips_003f"></a> <h2 class="chapter">1 Why use Dvips?</h2> <p>The Dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from @@ -202,8 +244,8 @@ other PostScript drivers for TeX. This rather long section describes the advantages of using Dvips, and may be skipped if you are just interested in learning how to use the program. See <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>, for details of compilation and installation. - - <p>The Dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that +</p> +<p>The Dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that can be included in other documents as figures or printed through a variety of spoolers. The generated PostScript requires very little printer memory, so very complex documents with a lot of fonts can easily @@ -211,578 +253,632 @@ be printed even on PostScript printers without much memory, such as the original Apple LaserWriter. The PostScript output is also compact, requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a transfer format. - - <p>Even those documents that are too complex to print in their entirety on +</p> +<p>Even those documents that are too complex to print in their entirety on a particular printer can be printed, since Dvips will automatically split such documents into pieces, reclaiming the printer memory between each piece. - - <p>The Dvips program supports graphics in a natural way, allowing +</p> +<p>The Dvips program supports graphics in a natural way, allowing PostScript graphics to be included and automatically scaled and positioned in a variety of ways. - - <p>Printers with any resolution are supported, even if they have different +</p> +<p>Printers with any resolution are supported, even if they have different resolutions in the horizontal and vertical directions. High resolution output is supported for typesetters, including an option that compresses -the bitmap fonts so that typesetter virtual memory is not exhausted. +the bitmap fonts so that typesetter virtual memory is not exhausted. This option also significantly reduces the size of the PostScript file and decoding in the printer is very fast. - - <p>Missing fonts can be automatically generated if Metafont exists on +</p> +<p>Missing fonts can be automatically generated if Metafont exists on the system, or fonts can be converted from GF to PK format on demand. If a font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same font at a different size can be used instead, although Dvips will complain loudly about the poor aesthetics of the resulting output. - - <p>Users will appreciate features such as collated copies and support for -<samp><span class="file">tpic</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">psfig</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">emtex</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">METAPOST</span></samp>; system +</p> +<p>Users will appreciate features such as collated copies and support for +<samp>tpic</samp>, <samp>psfig</samp>, <samp>emtex</samp>, and <samp>METAPOST</samp>; system administrators will love the support for multiple printers, each with their own configuration file, and the ability to pipe the output -directly to a program such as <samp><span class="file">lpr</span></samp>. Support for MS-DOS, OS/2, and +directly to a program such as <samp>lpr</samp>. Support for MS-DOS, OS/2, and VMS in addition to Unix is provided in the standard distribution, and porting to other systems is easy. - - <p>One of the most important features is the support of virtual fonts, +</p> +<p>One of the most important features is the support of virtual fonts, which add an entirely new level of flexibility to TeX. Virtual fonts are used to give Dvips its excellent PostScript font support, handling all the font remapping in a natural, portable, elegant, and extensible way. Dvips even comes with its own Afm2tfm program that creates the necessary virtual fonts and TeX font metric files automatically from the Adobe font metric files. - - <p>Source is provided and freely distributable, so adding a site-specific feature +</p> +<p>Source is provided and freely distributable, so adding a site-specific feature is possible. Adding such features is made easier by the highly modular structure of the program. - - <p>There is really no reason to use another driver, and the more people use +</p> +<p>There is really no reason to use another driver, and the more people use Dvips, the less time will be spent fighting with PostScript and the -more time will be available to create beautiful documents. -So if you don't use Dvips on your system, get it today. +more time will be available to create beautiful documents. +So if you don’t use Dvips on your system, get it today. +</p> +<a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas"></a> +<p>Tom Rokicki wrote and maintains the original Dvips program. +</p> - <p><a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1"></a>Tom Rokicki wrote and maintains the original Dvips program. -<!-- INSTALLONLY --> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking Dvips</a>, Previous: <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Why Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Installation-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2> -<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2"></a><a name="index-compilation-3"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4"></a> -<!-- ifset version --> -<!-- (A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file @file{dvipsk/INSTALL}.) --> -<!-- end ifset --> +<a name="index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips"></a> +<a name="index-compilation"></a> +<a name="index-installation_002c-of-Dvips"></a> - <p>Installing Dvips is mostly the same as installing any Kpathsea-using -program. Therefore, for the basic steps involved, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>. - <p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to -report a bug, see the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>). For solutions to Dvips-specific problems, +<p>Installing Dvips is mostly the same as installing any Kpathsea-using +program. Therefore, for the basic steps involved, +see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to +report a bug, see the file <samp>kpathsea/BUGS</samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). For solutions to Dvips-specific problems, see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>. Also see the Dvips home page at <a href="http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips">http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips</a>. - - <p>Dvips does require some additional installation, detailed in the +</p> +<p>Dvips does require some additional installation, detailed in the sections below. Also, to configure color devices, see <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>: Printer and site Dvips configuration. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>: Many PostScript fonts are freely available. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>: A free PostScript interpreter. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>: Some common runtime difficulties. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="config.ps-installation"></a> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#config_002eps-installation" accesskey="1">config.ps installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Printer and site Dvips configuration. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="2">PostScript font installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Many PostScript fonts are freely available. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="3">Ghostscript installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">A free PostScript interpreter. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="4">Diagnosing problems</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Some common runtime difficulties. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="config_002eps-installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript font installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="config_002eps-installation-1"></a> +<h3 class="section">2.1 <samp>config.ps</samp> installation</h3> -<h3 class="section">2.1 <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> installation</h3> +<a name="index-config_002eps-installation"></a> +<a name="index-installation-of-config_002eps"></a> +<a name="index-printer-configuration"></a> +<a name="index-paper-size_002c-default"></a> +<a name="index-configuration-files_002c-creating"></a> -<p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"></a><a name="index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6"></a><a name="index-printer-configuration-7"></a><a name="index-paper-size_002c-default-8"></a><a name="index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9"></a> -Dvips has its own configuration files: a file <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> for -sitewide defaults, and a file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> for each +<p>Dvips has its own configuration files: a file <samp>config.ps</samp> for +sitewide defaults, and a file <samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> for each printer (output device). Since these are site-specific, <code>make install</code> does not create them; you must create them yourself. - - <p>(These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea -configuration file <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). - - <p><a name="index-config_002eproto-10"></a><a name="index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11"></a><a name="index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12"></a><a name="index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13"></a>Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully in +</p> +<p>(These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea +configuration file <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<a name="index-config_002eproto"></a> +<a name="index-prototype-printer-configuration-file"></a> +<a name="index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype"></a> +<a name="index-configuration-files_002c-prototype"></a> +<p>Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully in <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. The simplest way to create a new configuration file -is to copy and modify the file <samp><span class="file">dvipsk/contrib/config.proto</span></samp>, +is to copy and modify the file <samp>dvipsk/contrib/config.proto</samp>, seasoning with options to your taste from <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. Here is -<samp><span class="file">config.proto</span></samp> +<samp>config.proto</samp> for your reading pleasure: -<pre class="example"> % Prototype Dvips configuration file. (Public domain.) - - % How to print, maybe with lp instead lpr, etc. - o |lpr - - % Default resolution of this device, in dots per inch. - D 600 - - % Metafont mode. (This is completely different from the -M command-line - % option, which controls whether MakeTeXPK is invoked.) Get - % <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of mode names. This mode - % and the D number above must agree, or MakeTeXPK will get confused. - M ljfour - - % Memory available. Download the three-line PostScript file: - % %! Hey, we're PostScript - % /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto - % vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage - % to determine this number. (It will be the only thing printed.) - m 3500000 - - % Correct printer offset. You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX - % distribution to find these numbers. Print testpage.dvi more than once. - O 0pt,0pt - - % Partially download Type 1 fonts by default. Only reason not to do - % this is if you encounter bugs. (Please report them to - % <a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you do.) - j - - % Also look for fonts at these resolutions. - R 300 600 - - % With a high resolution and a RISC cpu, better to compress the bitmaps. - Z - - % Uncomment these if you have and want to use PostScript versions of the - % fonts. - %p +cmfonts.map - %p +lafonts.map - %p +cyrfonts.map - %p +eufonts.map - - % To include another configuration file here. - %c FILENAME - - % You will also want definitions for alternative paper sizes -- A4, - % legal, and such. Examples in <samp><span class="file">contrib/papersize.level2</span></samp> and - % <samp><span class="file">contrib/papersize.simple</span></samp>. -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="PostScript-font-installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">% Prototype Dvips configuration file. (Public domain.) -</div> +% How to print, maybe with lp instead lpr, etc. +o |lpr -<h3 class="section">2.2 PostScript font installation</h3> - -<p><a name="index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16"></a> -To use PostScript fonts with TeX and Dvips, you need both metric -files (<samp><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.vf</span></samp>) and the outlines (<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or -<samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>). See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>. - - <p><a name="index-Adobe-fonts-17"></a><a name="index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18"></a><a name="index-Lucida_002c-installing-19"></a><a name="index-Monotype-fonts-20"></a><a name="index-Softkey-fonts-21"></a>To support the basic PostScript font set, the recommended (and -simplest) approach is to install the files at -<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip</a>. -This archive contains metrics, outlines, and bitmaps (for previewing) -for the 35 de facto standard fonts donated by URW and the additional -high-quality freely available PostScript fonts donated by Adobe, -Bitstream, and URW, including geometrically-created variants such as -oblique and small caps. +% Default resolution of this device, in dots per inch. +D 600 - <p><a name="index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22"></a><a name="index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23"></a><a name="index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24"></a><a name="index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25"></a><a name="index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26"></a><samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/psfonts</span></samp> contains support for many additional -fonts for which you must buy outlines (Adobe, Bigelow & Holmes, -Monotype, Softkey, Y&Y). (For CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>; a copy is in the top-level file <samp><span class="file">INSTALL</span></samp>.) +% Metafont mode. (This is completely different from the -M command-line +% option, which controls whether MakeTeXPK is invoked.) Get +% <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of mode names. This mode +% and the D number above must agree, or MakeTeXPK will get confused. +M ljfour - <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-29"></a>If you have additional PostScript fonts, you can make them available to -Dvips by (1) giving them with appropriate filenames; and (2) running -Afm2tfm (see <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>) to make TFM and VF metrics for -TeX and Dvips to use. Also add them to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> if -necessary (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>); it contains everything contained in -<samp><span class="file">lw35nfsx.zip</span></samp> and most fonts that come with Unix systems. +% Memory available. Download the three-line PostScript file: +% %! Hey, we're PostScript +% /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto +% vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage +% to determine this number. (It will be the only thing printed.) +m 3500000 - <p>Following are locations for vendor-supplied fonts. Please mail -<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you find fonts elsewhere on your system. +% Correct printer offset. You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX +% distribution to find these numbers. Print testpage.dvi more than once. +O 0pt,0pt - <dl> -<dt>DEC Ultrix<dd><tt>/usr/lib/DPS/outline/decwin</tt> +% Partially download Type 1 fonts by default. Only reason not to do +% this is if you encounter bugs. (Please report them to +% <a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you do.) +j - <br><dt>DEC Digital Unix<dd><tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1Adobe</tt> +% Also look for fonts at these resolutions. +R 300 600 - <br><dt>HP HP-UX 9, 10<dd><tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/type1.st/typefaces</tt> +% With a high resolution and a RISC cpu, better to compress the bitmaps. +Z - <br><dt>IBM AIX<dd><tt>/usr/lpp/DPS/fonts/outlines</tt><br> -<tt>/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</tt><br> -<tt>/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/DPS</tt> +% Uncomment these if you have and want to use PostScript versions of the +% fonts. +%p +cmfonts.map +%p +lafonts.map +%p +cyrfonts.map +%p +eufonts.map - <br><dt>NeXT<dd><tt>/NextLibrary/Fonts/outline</tt> +% To include another configuration file here. +%c FILENAME - <br><dt>SGI IRIX<dd><tt>/usr/lib/DPS/outline/base</tt> -<tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</tt> +% You will also want definitions for alternative paper sizes -- A4, +% legal, and such. Examples in <samp>contrib/papersize.level2</samp> and +% <samp>contrib/papersize.simple</samp>. +</pre></div> - <br><dt>Sun SunOS 4.x<dd>(NeWSprint only)<br> -<tt>newsprint_2.5/SUNWsteNP/reloc/$BASEDIR/</tt><br> -<tt> NeWSprint/small_openwin/lib/fonts</tt><br> -<tt>/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline</tt> - - <br><dt>Sun Solaris 2<dd><tt>/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline</tt> - - <br><dt>VMS<dd><tt>SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.XDPS.OUTLINE]</tt> -</dl> -<p class="noindent">The NeXT system supplies more fonts than any others, but -there's a lot of overlap. - - <p><a name="index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30"></a>Finally, if you have an Hewlett-Packard printer, you should be able to -get Type 1 font files for the standard 35 fonts from HP, if the freely -available URW Type 1's do not satisfy for whatever reason. The phone -number for HP Printer Drivers is (in the United States) 303-339-7009. -The driver set to ask for is Adobe Type Manager 2.51, and the disk set -number is ‘<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>’. Mentioning anything other than Microsoft -Windows when you ask for the driver set will likely lead to great -confusion on the other end. +<hr> +<a name="PostScript-font-installation"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ghostscript installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#config_002eps-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">config.ps installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<a name="PostScript-font-installation-1"></a> +<h3 class="section">2.2 PostScript font installation</h3> -<div class="node"> +<a name="index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing"></a> + +<p>To use PostScript fonts with TeX and Dvips, you need both metric +files (<samp>.tfm</samp> and <samp>.vf</samp>) and the outlines (<samp>.pfa</samp> or +<samp>.pfb</samp>). See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>. Current TeX systems +come with support for 35 base PostScript fonts and many more. +</p> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system"></a> +<a name="index-psfonts_002emap"></a> +<p>If you have additional PostScript fonts, you can make them available +to Dvips by (1) giving them appropriate filenames; and +(2) running Afm2tfm (see <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>) to make TFM +and VF metrics for TeX and Dvips to use. Also add them to +<samp>psfonts.map</samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>); this file must contain +everything available in the system. The <code>updmap</code> program is +usually used to maintain <samp>psfonts.map</samp>; run ‘<samp>updmap --help</samp>’ +for lots of information about how it works. +</p> + +<hr> <a name="Ghostscript-installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="n" rel="next">Diagnosing problems</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript font installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Ghostscript-installation-1"></a> <h3 class="section">2.3 Ghostscript installation</h3> -<p><a name="index-Ghostscript-installation-31"></a><a name="index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"></a> -<a name="index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33"></a><a name="index-Epson-printers-34"></a><a name="index-previewing-Dvips-output-35"></a><a name="index-PostScript-previewers-36"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-37"></a><a name="index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38"></a>Ghostscript is a PostScript interpreter freely available to end-users, +<a name="index-Ghostscript-installation"></a> +<a name="index-gs-installation"></a> + +<a name="index-Deutsch_002c-Peter"></a> +<a name="index-Epson-printers"></a> +<a name="index-previewing-Dvips-output"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-previewers"></a> +<a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making"></a> +<a name="index-Aladdin-Ghostscript"></a> +<p>Ghostscript is a PostScript interpreter freely available to end-users, written by Peter Deutsch. It can read the PostScript produced by Dvips and render it on your monitor, or for another device (e.g., an Epson printer) that does not support PostScript, or in PDF format. The latest version is available via <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html</a> and <a href="ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/">ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/</a>. - - <p><a name="index-GNU-Ghostscript-39"></a>A somewhat older version of Ghostscript is available under the GNU +</p> +<a name="index-GNU-Ghostscript"></a> +<p>A somewhat older version of Ghostscript is available under the GNU General Public License, free to everyone. You can get that from <a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/</a>. - - <p><a name="index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40"></a><a name="index-ghostview-41"></a><a name="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42"></a><a name="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43"></a><a name="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"></a>The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical -previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.). +</p> +<a name="index-Theisen_002c-Tim"></a> +<a name="index-ghostview"></a> +<a name="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-N"></a> +<a name="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview"></a> +<a name="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview"></a> +<a name="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-required-by-Ghostview"></a> +<p>The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical +previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.). It requires Ghostscript to run, and files in structured Postscript, -specifically with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’ comments (no ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’ in -<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>). You can get Ghostview from the same places as +specifically with ‘<samp>%%Page</samp>’ comments (no ‘<samp>N</samp>’ in +<samp>config.ps</samp>). You can get Ghostview from the same places as Ghostscript. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Diagnosing-problems"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ghostscript installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Diagnosing-problems-1"></a> <h3 class="section">2.4 Diagnosing problems</h3> -<p><a name="index-problems-46"></a><a name="index-trouble-47"></a><a name="index-debugging-48"></a> -You've gone through all the trouble of installing Dvips, carefully read -all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to +<a name="index-problems"></a> +<a name="index-trouble"></a> +<a name="index-debugging"></a> + +<p>You’ve gone through all the trouble of installing Dvips, carefully read +all the instructions in this manual, and still can’t get something to work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find yourself in such a situation. - - <p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems, -and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>. - - <p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable -<samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>, which will display any configuration and map files -read by Dvips. This way you can be sure it's finding the files and +</p> +<p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems, +and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable +<code>DVIPSDEBUG</code>, which will display any configuration and map files +read by Dvips. This way you can be sure it’s finding the files and settings you expect. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>: Getting diagnostics. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#No-output">No output</a>: No output at all. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>: Output too small or inverted. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>: The printer sends back errors. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>: Long documents fail to print. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a>: Figures don't work. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="1">Debug options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Getting diagnostics. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#No-output" accesskey="2">No output</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">No output at all. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="3">Small or inverted</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Output too small or inverted. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="4">Printer errors</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The printer sends back errors. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="5">Long documents fail</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Long documents fail to print. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Including-graphics-fails" accesskey="6">Including graphics fails</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Figures don’t work. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Debug-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#No-output">No output</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#No-output" accesskey="n" rel="next">No output</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Debug-options-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">2.4.1 Debug options</h4> -<p><a name="index-debugging-options-49"></a><a name="index-options_002c-debugging-50"></a> -The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’ flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. +<a name="index-debugging-options"></a> +<a name="index-options_002c-debugging"></a> + +<p>The ‘<samp>-d</samp>’ flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. The parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages, specify the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track -multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. +multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. To track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>. - - <p>You can also set the environment variable <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> instead -of using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’. Some of these debugging options are actually -provided by Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). - - <p>The classes are: - - <dl> -<dt>1<dd>specials -<br><dt>2<dd>paths -<br><dt>4<dd>fonts -<br><dt>8<dd>pages -<br><dt>16<dd>headers -<br><dt>32<dd>font compression -<br><dt>64<dd>files -<br><dt>128<dd>(omitted) -<br><dt>256<dd>config files -<br><dt>512<dd>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls -<br><dt>1024<dd>Kpathsea hash table lookups -<br><dt>2048<dd>Kpathsea path element expansion -<br><dt>4096<dd>Kpathsea path searches +</p> +<p>You can also set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> instead +of using ‘<samp>-d</samp>’. Some of these debugging options are actually +provided by Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<p>The classes are: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>1</dt> +<dd><p>specials +</p></dd> +<dt>2</dt> +<dd><p>paths +</p></dd> +<dt>4</dt> +<dd><p>fonts +</p></dd> +<dt>8</dt> +<dd><p>pages +</p></dd> +<dt>16</dt> +<dd><p>headers +</p></dd> +<dt>32</dt> +<dd><p>font compression +</p></dd> +<dt>64</dt> +<dd><p>files +</p></dd> +<dt>128</dt> +<dd><p>(omitted) +</p></dd> +<dt>256</dt> +<dd><p>config files +</p></dd> +<dt>512</dt> +<dd><p>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls +</p></dd> +<dt>1024</dt> +<dd><p>Kpathsea hash table lookups +</p></dd> +<dt>2048</dt> +<dd><p>Kpathsea path element expansion +</p></dd> +<dt>4096</dt> +<dd><p>Kpathsea path searches +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="No-output"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> +<hr> +<a name="No-output"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="n" rel="next">Small or inverted</a>, Previous: <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Debug options</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="No-output-at-all"></a> <h4 class="subsection">2.4.2 No output at all</h4> -<p><a name="index-output_002c-none-51"></a><a name="index-no-output-at-all-52"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53"></a> -If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest -one-character file (for instance, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>’), then something is very +<a name="index-output_002c-none"></a> +<a name="index-no-output-at-all"></a> +<a name="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all"></a> + +<p>If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest +one-character file (for instance, ‘<samp>\ \bye</samp>’), then something is very wrong. Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error occurred, if any. Talk to your system administrator about downloading a PostScript error handler. (Adobe distributes a good one called -‘<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>’.) -<a name="index-ehandler_002eps-54"></a> -<a name="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55"></a><a name="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56"></a><a name="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57"></a>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that +‘<samp>ehandler.ps</samp>’.) +<a name="index-ehandler_002eps"></a> +</p> +<a name="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation"></a> +<a name="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer"></a> +<a name="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer"></a> +<p>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that your PostScript interpreter is broken. Even then it should generate an error message. Dvips tries to work around as many bugs as possible in -common non-Adobe PostScript interpreters, but doubtless it misses a few. +common non-Adobe PostScript interpreters, but doubtless it misses a few. PowerPage Revision 1, Interpreter Version 20001.001, on a Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i color thermal dye sublimation printer is known to be unable to print with any but builtin fonts. - - <p>If Dvips gives any strange error messages, or compilation on your +</p> +<p>If Dvips gives any strange error messages, or compilation on your machine generated a lot of warnings, perhaps the Dvips program itself is broken. Try using the debug options to determine where the error occurred (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). - - <p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the -structured comments. Try the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ flag to turn off structured +</p> +<p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the +structured comments. Try the ‘<samp>-N</samp>’ flag to turn off structured comments and see what happens. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Small-or-inverted"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#No-output">No output</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="n" rel="next">Printer errors</a>, Previous: <a href="#No-output" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No output</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Output-too-small-or-inverted"></a> <h4 class="subsection">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</h4> -<p><a name="index-output_002c-too-small-58"></a><a name="index-output_002c-inverted-59"></a><a name="index-inverted-output-60"></a><a name="index-too_002dsmall-output-61"></a> -<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62"></a>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler +<a name="index-output_002c-too-small"></a> +<a name="index-output_002c-inverted"></a> +<a name="index-inverted-output"></a> +<a name="index-too_002dsmall-output"></a> + +<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output"></a> +<p>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file. (This -commonly happens on small machines that don't have spoolers.) You can -force Dvips to do this with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>’ config file +commonly happens on small machines that don’t have spoolers.) You can +force Dvips to do this with the ‘<samp>-F</samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp>F</samp>’ config file option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character -(control-D). You can also try using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ -config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair. +(control-D). You can also try using the ‘<samp>-s</samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp>s</samp>’ +config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair. See <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, and <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Printer-errors"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="n" rel="next">Long documents fail</a>, Previous: <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Small or inverted</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Error-messages-from-printer"></a> <h4 class="subsection">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</h4> -<p><a name="index-printer-errors-63"></a><a name="index-error-messages-from-printer-64"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"></a>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very +<a name="index-printer-errors"></a> +<a name="index-error-messages-from-printer"></a> +<a name="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors"></a> + +<a name="index-bop-undefined-error"></a> +<p>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very good information on what might be going wrong. One of the most common -error messages is ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>’. This is caused by old versions +error messages is ‘<samp>bop undefined</samp>’. This is caused by old versions of Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup section of the PostScript. To fix this, turn off structured comments -with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ option, but it'd be best to get your spooling +with the ‘<samp>-N</samp>’ option, but it’d be best to get your spooling software updated. - - <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is ‘<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>’. Some printers indicate +</p> +<a name="index-VM-exhausted"></a> +<a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted"></a> +<a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted"></a> +<p>Another error message is ‘<samp>VM exhausted</samp>’. Some printers indicate this error by locking up, others quietly reset. This is caused by Dvips thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and then printing a complicated document. To fix this, try lowering the -‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’ parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to +‘<samp>m</samp>’ parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to make sure you adjust the correct file. - - <p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don't +</p> +<p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don’t nest properly in other PostScript documents, among other things. Try the PostScript file on a QMS PS-810 or other Adobe PostScript printer if you have one, or Ghostscript (see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>); it might be a problem with the printer itself. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Long-documents-fail"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails" accesskey="n" rel="next">Including graphics fails</a>, Previous: <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Printer errors</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Long-documents-fail-to-print"></a> <h4 class="subsection">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</h4> -<p><a name="index-long-documents-not-printing-70"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71"></a> -This is usually caused by incorrectly specifying the amount of memory +<a name="index-long-documents-not-printing"></a> +<a name="index-failure_002c-of-long-documents"></a> + +<p>This is usually caused by incorrectly specifying the amount of memory the printer has in the configuration file; see the previous section. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Including-graphics-fails"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Long documents fail</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Including-graphics-fails-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</h4> -<p><a name="index-including-graphics-fails-72"></a><a name="index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74"></a> -The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding +<a name="index-including-graphics-fails"></a> +<a name="index-graphics-inclusion-fails"></a> +<a name="index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics"></a> + +<p>The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding box (see <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>). Complain to whoever wrote the software that generated the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect. - - <p><a name="index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75"></a>Another possible problem is that the figure you are trying to include +</p> +<a name="index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for"></a> +<p>Another possible problem is that the figure you are trying to include does not nest properly; there are certain rules PostScript applications must follow when generating files to be included. The Dvips program includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other -programs, but there are certainly applications that haven't been tested. - - <p>One possible thing to try is the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>’ flag which strips the comments +programs, but there are certainly applications that haven’t been tested. +</p> +<p>One possible thing to try is the ‘<samp>-K</samp>’ flag which strips the comments from an included figure. This might be necessary if the PostScript spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly. Use of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since some applications read the PostScript file from the input stream, looking for a particular comment. - - <p><a name="index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76"></a>Any application which generates graphics output containing raw binary +</p> +<a name="index-binary-files_002c-not-supported"></a> +<p>Any application which generates graphics output containing raw binary (not ASCII hex) will probably fail with Dvips. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Invoking-Dvips"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paper size and landscape</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Invoking-Dvips-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">3 Invoking Dvips</h2> -<p><a name="index-command_002dline-options-77"></a><a name="index-options_002c-Dvips-78"></a><a name="index-invoking-Dvips-79"></a> -Dvips reads a DVI file as output by (for example) TeX, and converts +<a name="index-command_002dline-options"></a> +<a name="index-options_002c-Dvips"></a> +<a name="index-invoking-Dvips"></a> + +<p>Dvips reads a DVI file as output by (for example) TeX, and converts it to PostScript, taking care of builtin or downloaded PostScript fonts, font reencoding, color, etc. These features are described in other chapters in this document. - - <p>There many ways to control Dvips' behavior: configuration files, +</p> +<p>There many ways to control Dvips’ behavior: configuration files, environment variables, and command-line options. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a> -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="1">Basic usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="2">Command-line options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="3">Environment variables</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="4">Config files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Basic-usage"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Basic-usage-of-Dvips"></a> <h3 class="section">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</h3> -<p><a name="index-usage_002c-basic-80"></a> -To use Dvips at its simplest, simply type +<a name="index-usage_002c-basic"></a> -<pre class="example"> dvips foo -</pre> - <p class="noindent">where <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp> is the output of TeX that you want to print. -The default output is to a corresponding file <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp>; Dvips may +<p>To use Dvips at its simplest, simply type +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">dvips foo +</pre></div> + +<p>where <samp>foo.dvi</samp> is the output of TeX that you want to print. +The default output is to a corresponding file <samp>foo.ps</samp>; Dvips may also have been locally configured to output directly to a printer by default. - - <p>If you use fonts that have not been used on your system before, they may +</p> +<p>If you use fonts that have not been used on your system before, they may be automatically generated; this process can take a few minutes, so progress reports appear by default. The next time that document is printed, these fonts will have been saved in the proper directories, so printing will go much faster. (If Dvips tries to endlessly generate the -same fonts over and over again, it hasn't been installed properly. -See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.) - - <p>Many options are available (see the next section). For a brief summary +same fonts over and over again, it hasn’t been installed properly. +See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.) +</p> +<p>Many options are available (see the next section). For a brief summary of available options, just type +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">dvips --help +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> dvips --help -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="Command-line-options"></a> -<a name="Command_002dline-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> +<hr> +<a name="Command_002dline-options"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment variables</a>, Previous: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Basic usage</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Command_002dline-options-1"></a> <h3 class="section">3.2 Command-line options</h3> <p>Dvips has a plethora of command line options. Reading through this section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="1">Option summary</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Quick listing, from Dvips –help. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="2">Option details</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">More information about each option. +</td></tr> +</table> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>: Quick listing, from Dvips --help. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>: More information about each option. -</ul> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Option-summary"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Option details</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Option-summary-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Option summary</h4> -<p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-81"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run -Dvips with no arguments or with the standard ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ option. -<a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-82"></a> +<a name="index-options_002c-summary"></a> +<p>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run +Dvips with no arguments or with the standard ‘<samp>--help</samp>’ option. +<a name="index-_002d_002dhelp"></a> +</p> <pre class="verbatim">Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi] Convert DVI input files to PostScript. See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information. @@ -824,82 +920,142 @@ Options: Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org. </pre> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Option-details"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option summary</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Option-details-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.2 Option details</h4> -<p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-83"></a> -Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by -suffixing the option with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’); for instance, to turn off -page reversal, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>’. Such options are marked with a trailing -‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’. - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-84"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-85"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-86"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command +<a name="index-option_002c-details-of"></a> + +<p>Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by +suffixing the option with a zero (‘<samp>0</samp>’); for instance, to turn off +page reversal, use ‘<samp>-r0</samp>’. Such options are marked with a trailing +‘<samp>*</samp>’. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d"></a> +<a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"></a> +<a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from"></a> +<p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command line. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-87"></a>Print a usage message and exit. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-88"></a>Print the version number and exit. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-89"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-90"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--help</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002dhelp-1"></a> +<p>Print a usage message and exit. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--version</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002dversion"></a> +<p>Print the version number and exit. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-a*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002da"></a> +<a name="index-memory_002c-conserving"></a> +<p>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-91"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-92"></a>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-A</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dA"></a> +<a name="index-odd-pages-only"></a> +<p>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not physical page numbers. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-93"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-94"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-95"></a><a name="index-color-separations-96"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body -rather than using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>’ PostScript variable. This can -be useful in conjunction with a header file setting ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ to +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-b <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002db-num"></a> +<a name="index-_002f_0023copies"></a> +<a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies"></a> +<a name="index-color-separations"></a> +<p>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body +rather than using the ‘<samp>/#copies</samp>’ PostScript variable. This can +be useful in conjunction with a header file setting ‘<samp>bop-hook</samp>’ to do color separations or other neat tricks. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-97"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-98"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-99"></a>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-B</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dB"></a> +<a name="index-even-pages-only"></a> +<a name="index-double_002dsided-printing"></a> +<p>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not physical page numbers. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-100"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-101"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-102"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-103"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-c <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dc-num"></a> +<a name="index-_002f_0023copies-1"></a> +<a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated"></a> +<a name="index-uncollated-copies"></a> +<p>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable -‘<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-104"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-105"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-106"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the -PostScript file). Slower than the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>’ option, but easier on the +‘<samp>/#copies</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-C <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dC-num"></a> +<a name="index-copies_002c-collated"></a> +<a name="index-collated-copies"></a> +<p>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the +PostScript file). Slower than the ‘<samp>-c</samp>’ option, but easier on the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple times. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-107"></a><a name="index-debugging-108"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will -work unless Dvips has been compiled without the ‘<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>’ option (not +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-d <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dd-num"></a> +<a name="index-debugging-1"></a> +<p>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will +work unless Dvips has been compiled without the ‘<samp>DEBUG</samp>’ option (not recommended). See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of -<var>num</var>. Use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>’ as the first option for maximum output. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-109"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-110"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in +<var>num</var>. Use ‘<samp>-d -1</samp>’ as the first option for maximum output. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-D <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dD-num"></a> +<a name="index-resolution_002c-setting"></a> +<p>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than -400 dpi, say) is selected, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ flag should probably also be +400 dpi, say) is selected, the ‘<samp>-Z</samp>’ flag should probably also be used. If you are using fonts made with Metafont, such as Computer -Modern, <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var> +Modern, <samp>mktexpk</samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var> that you use or Metafont will fail. See the file <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode names for most devices. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-111"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-112"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-113"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-114"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true' +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-e <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002de-num"></a> +<a name="index-maxdrift"></a> +<a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning"></a> +<a name="index-positioning-accuracy"></a> +<p>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its ‘true’ resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, -2800, 3200, <small class="dots">...</small>] that are less than or equal to the resolution in -dots per inch). Allowing individual characters to `drift' from their +2800, 3200, …] that are less than or equal to the resolution in +dots per inch). Allowing individual characters to ‘drift’ from their correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of letters in words. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-115"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-116"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-117"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-118"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-E*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dE"></a> +<a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating"></a> +<a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding"></a> +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight"></a> +<p>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition, @@ -909,947 +1065,1430 @@ well enough for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like. (Of course, Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with -care.) For multiple page input files, also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ to get +care.) For multiple page input files, also specify ‘<samp>-i</samp>’ to get each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid in the single output file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-119"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-120"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-121"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-122"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-123"></a>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-f*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002df"></a> +<a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a"></a> +<a name="index-standard-I_002fO"></a> +<a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable"></a> +<a name="index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"></a> +<p>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at this file. This option also disables the automatic reading of the -<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>’ after the -‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of -control-D if it was turned on with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ option or in the -configuration file; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ to send it anyway. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-124"></a><a name="index-EOF-125"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-126"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-127"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-128"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the +<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use ‘<samp>-P$PRINTER</samp>’ after the +‘<samp>-f</samp>’ to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of +control-D if it was turned on with the ‘<samp>-F</samp>’ option or in the +configuration file; use ‘<samp>-F</samp>’ after the ‘<samp>-f</samp>’ to send it anyway. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-F*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dF"></a> +<a name="index-EOF"></a> +<a name="index-control_002dD"></a> +<a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly"></a> +<a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking"></a> +<p>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the PostScript file. This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal systems. On systems shared by more than one person, this is not recommended. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-129"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-131"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions. -This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of Adobe's PDF -reader. It's more likely to cause problems nowadays. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-132"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-133"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-134"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is -‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file -get added to the PostScript ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-135"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-136"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-137"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-138"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-G*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dG"></a> +<a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting"></a> +<a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting"></a> +<p>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions. +This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of Adobe’s PDF +reader. It’s more likely to cause problems nowadays. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-h <var>name</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dh-name"></a> +<a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading"></a> +<a name="index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files"></a> +<p>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is +‘<samp>-</samp>’, suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file +get added to the PostScript ‘<samp>userdict</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-i*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002di"></a> +<a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files"></a> +<a name="index-multiple-output-files"></a> +<a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple"></a> +<p>Make each section be a separate file; a <em>section</em> is a part of the document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. This option -is most often used in conjunction with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>’ option which sets -the maximum section length in pages; if ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ is specified and -‘<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>’ is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance, +is most often used in conjunction with the ‘<samp>-S</samp>’ option which sets +the maximum section length in pages; if ‘<samp>-i</samp>’ is specified and +‘<samp>-S</samp>’ is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-139"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the +</p> +<p>On the other hand, if your document uses very large fonts or very +large included figures, Dvips might take it upon itself to split the +output into unwanted sections, to try to avoid overflowing printer +memory. See <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>, for ways to handle this. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-j*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"></a> +<p>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the default in the current release. Some debugging flags trace this operation (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). You can also control partial downloading on a per-font basis (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-140"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-141"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-142"></a>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be -specified, either with a paper size special or with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-k*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"></a> +<a name="index-cropmarks"></a> +<a name="index-crop_002epro"></a> +<p>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be +specified, either with a paper size special or with the ‘<samp>-T</samp>’ option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size automatically. This works by -downloading <samp><span class="file">crop.pro</span></samp>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-143"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-144"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-145"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and +downloading <samp>crop.pro</samp>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-K*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dK"></a> +<a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included"></a> +<a name="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"></a> +<p>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript -post-processing programs. Specifically, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’ +post-processing programs. Specifically, the ‘<samp>%%Page</samp>’ comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can cause other graphics to fail, however, since the PostScript header macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-146"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-147"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-148"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-150"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-l [=]<var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum"></a> +<a name="index-last-page-printed"></a> +<a name="index-page_002c-last-printed"></a> +<a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></a> +<a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></a> +<p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals -sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ option, if specified) +sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp>-p</samp>’ option, if specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to -compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the DVI file. -Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>’ will end with the ninth page of the document, +compare with the TeX ‘<samp>\count0</samp>’ values stored in the DVI file. +Thus, using ‘<samp>-l =9</samp>’ will end with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-151"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-152"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-153"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-154"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-155"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-156"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-m*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dm"></a> +<a name="index-manual-feed"></a> +<p>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-mode <var>mode</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmode-mode"></a> +<a name="index-_002dmode"></a> +<a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying"></a> +<p>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font generation. This overrides any value from configuration files. With the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program -assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>. -See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>. If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see -<a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-157"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-158"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-159"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-160"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi --> -Turns off automatic font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>). If +assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>. +See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see +<a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-M*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dM"></a> +<a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"></a> +<a name="index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"></a> +<a name="index-missfont_002elog"></a> +<p>Turns off automatic font generation (<samp>mktexpk</samp>). If <code>mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file -<samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then +<samp>missfont.log</samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the -problem. -<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-161"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-162"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or -configuration file value ‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>’ is set, its value is used. -Otherwise, nothing is written. The name ‘<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>’ is -overridden by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>’ environment variable or +problem. +<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT"></a> +<a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"></a> +If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or +configuration file value ‘<samp>TEXMFOUTPUT</samp>’ is set, its value is used. +Otherwise, nothing is written. The name ‘<samp>missfont.log</samp>’ is +overridden by the ‘<samp>MISSFONT_LOG</samp>’ environment variable or configuration file value. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-163"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-164"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-165"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-166"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-167"></a><a name="index-TranScript-168"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-169"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’; this +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-n <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dn-num"></a> +<a name="index-maximum-pages-printed"></a> +<a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed"></a> +<p>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-N*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dN"></a> +<a name="index-structured-comments"></a> +<a name="index-TranScript"></a> +<a name="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"></a> +<p>Turns off generation of structured comments such as ‘<samp>%%Page</samp>’; this may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of -TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript. +TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript. Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers such as Ghostview. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-170"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-171"></a><a name="index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-172"></a>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI -files. By default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>’ +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-noomega</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dnoomega"></a> +<a name="index-Omega-extensions"></a> +<a name="index-pTeX-extensions"></a> +<p>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI +files. By default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp>129</samp>’ and ‘<samp>134</samp>’ are recognized by Dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as requests to set 2-byte characters. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-noptex</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoptex-173"></a><a name="index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-174"></a>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files. By -default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp><span class="samp">130</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">135</span></samp>’ are +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-noptex</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dnoptex"></a> +<a name="index-pTeX-extensions-1"></a> +<p>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files. By +default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp>130</samp>’ and ‘<samp>135</samp>’ are recognized by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to -set 3-byte characters, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">255</span></samp>’ as request to change the +set 3-byte characters, and ‘<samp>255</samp>’ as request to change the typesetting direction. - - <p>The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least +</p> +<p>The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least temporarily) require 65536 or more positions instead of the default 256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be somewhat larger. If you find this unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you can switch off the pTeX -extension by using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-noptex</span></samp>’, or both by using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>’ +extension by using ‘<samp>-noptex</samp>’, or both by using ‘<samp>-noomega</samp>’ (but please do send a bug report if you find such problems, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-175"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-176"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-177"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ is specified without +see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-o <var>name</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002do-name"></a> +<a name="index-output_002c-redirecting"></a> +<a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to"></a> +<p>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If ‘<samp>-o</samp>’ is specified without <var>name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the -default is ‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>’ where the input DVI file was -‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ isn't given at all, the +default is ‘<samp><var>file</var>.ps</samp>’ where the input DVI file was +‘<samp><var>file</var>.dvi</samp>’. If ‘<samp>-o</samp>’ isn’t given at all, the configuration file default is used. - - <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-178"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-179"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-180"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-181"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-182"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-183"></a>If <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, output goes to standard output. If the first -character of <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’, then the remainder will -be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying ‘<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>’ as +</p> +<a name="index-popen-for-output"></a> +<a name="index-_002d-as-output-filename"></a> +<a name="index-_0021-starting-output-filename"></a> +<a name="index-_007c-starting-output-filename"></a> +<a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation"></a> +<a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS"></a> +<p>If <var>name</var> is ‘<samp>-</samp>’, output goes to standard output. If the first +character of <var>name</var> is ‘<samp>!</samp>’ or ‘<samp>|</samp>’, then the remainder will +be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying ‘<samp>|lpr</samp>’ as the output file will automatically queue the file for printing as usual. (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device -<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>’ and a program by that name +<samp>PRN</samp> when <var>name</var> is ‘<samp>|lpr</samp>’ and a program by that name cannot be found.) - - <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code> -environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D. -See the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ option for how to override this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-184"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-185"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-186"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position +</p> +<p>‘<samp>-o</samp>’ disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code> +environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D. +See the ‘<samp>-f</samp>’ option for how to override this. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-O <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"></a> +<a name="index-offset-pages"></a> +<a name="index-printer-offset"></a> +<p>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated +pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp>.1in,-.3cm</samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in the printer-specific configuration file. - - <p><a name="index-testpage_002etex-187"></a>This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output pages by a -certain amount. You can use the file <samp><span class="file">testpage.tex</span></samp> to determine +</p> +<a name="index-testpage_002etex"></a> +<p>This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output pages by a +certain amount. You can use the file <samp>testpage.tex</samp> to determine the correct value for your printer. Be sure to do several runs with the same <code>O</code> value—some printers vary widely from run to run. - - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-188"></a>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every -page, your best recourse is to use ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-189"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-190"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-191"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-192"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-193"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default +</p> +<a name="index-bop_002dhook_002c-and-offset-pages"></a> +<p>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every +page, your best recourse is to use ‘<samp>bop-hook</samp>’ (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-p [=]<var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum"></a> +<a name="index-first-page-printed"></a> +<a name="index-page_002c-first-printed"></a> +<a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></a> +<a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></a> +<p>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an -equals sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’ option, if +equals sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp>-l</samp>’ option, if specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than -a value to compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the -DVI file. Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>’ will start with the third page of +a value to compare with the TeX ‘<samp>\count0</samp>’ values stored in the +DVI file. Thus, using ‘<samp>-p =3</samp>’ will start with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-194"></a><a name="index-page-range-195"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-196"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p -</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>’, except that multiple ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>’ options -accumulate, unlike ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ separator can -also be ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-197"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-198"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> -(<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which can set the output name -(most likely ‘<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>’), resolution, Metafont mode, -and perhaps font paths and other printer-specific defaults. It works -best to put sitewide defaults in the one master ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>’ file -and only things that vary printer to printer in the -‘<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>’ files; ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>’ is read before -‘<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>’. - - <p>A configuration file for creating Adobe PDF files is provided in -‘<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>’ and can be loaded with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’, it will try to -include Type1 outline fonts into the PostScript file -(see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>). - - <p>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ is given, the environment variable +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-pp <var>first</var>-<var>last</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"></a> +<a name="index-page-range"></a> +<a name="index-_002dpp-range"></a> +<p>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to ‘<samp>-p +<var>first</var> -l <var>last</var></samp>’, except that multiple ‘<samp>-pp</samp>’ options +accumulate, unlike ‘<samp>-p</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-l</samp>’. The ‘<samp>-</samp>’ separator can +also be ‘<samp>:</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-P <var>printer</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dP-printer"></a> +<a name="index-config_002eps"></a> +<p>Read the configuration file <samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> +(<samp><var>printer</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS), which typically sets the output +name (most likely ‘<samp>o |lpr -P<var>printer</var></samp>’), resolution, Metafont +mode, and perhaps other printer-specific defaults. It works best to +put sitewide defaults in the one master ‘<samp>config.ps</samp>’ file and only +things that vary from printer to printer in the +‘<samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp>’ files; ‘<samp>config.ps</samp>’ is read before +‘<samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp>’. +</p> +<p>A configuration file for eventual creation of Adobe PDF files is +provided in ‘<samp>config.pdf</samp>’ and thus can be loaded with +‘<samp>-Ppdf</samp>’. It will try to include Type 1 outline fonts into the +PostScript file (see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>). +</p> +<p>If no ‘<samp>-P</samp>’ or ‘<samp>-o</samp>’ is given, the environment variable <code>PRINTER</code> is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding -<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) file -exists, it is read. +<samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS) file +exists, it is read. See <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-199"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-200"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-201"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-202"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-q*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dq"></a> +<a name="index-quiet-operation"></a> +<a name="index-silent-operation"></a> +<a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></a> +<p>Run quietly. Don’t chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-203"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-204"></a>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-205"></a><a name="index-security-206"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-207"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-208"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-209"></a>Run securely. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>’ disables both shell command execution in -<code>\special</code> (via ‘<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>) -and config files (via the ‘<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>’ option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative -filenames. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>’, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows -absolute filenames. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>’ allows both. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-210"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-211"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-r*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dr"></a> +<a name="index-reverse-pagination"></a> +<p>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-R</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dR"></a> +<a name="index-security"></a> +<a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling"></a> +<a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling"></a> +<a name="index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"></a> +<p>Run securely. ‘<samp>-R2</samp>’ disables both shell command execution in +<code>\special</code> (via ‘<samp>`</samp>’, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>) +and config files (via the ‘<samp>E</samp>’ option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp>..</samp>-relative +filenames. ‘<samp>-R1</samp>’, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows +absolute filenames. ‘<samp>-R0</samp>’ allows both. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-s*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002ds"></a> +<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global"></a> +<p>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful -if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don't care too +if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don’t care too much about the portability of the output to other environments. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-212"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most -commonly used with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option; see its description above for +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-S <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dS-num"></a> +<p>Set the maximum number of pages in each ‘section’. This option is most +commonly used with the ‘<samp>-i</samp>’ option; see its description above for more information. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-213"></a><a name="index-paper-type-214"></a><a name="index-media-215"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-217"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-218"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-219"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-220"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-221"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-222"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-t <var>papertype</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dt-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-paper-type"></a> +<a name="index-media"></a> +<a name="index-letter-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-legal-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-ledger-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-a4-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-a3-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-landscape-papertype"></a> +<a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt"></a> +<p>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>). - <ul> -<li>You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of ‘<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>’, -which rotates a document by 90 degrees. -<li>To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you -can use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option twice, once for the paper type, and once -for ‘<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>’. -<li>In general, you should not use any ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option when -using a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special, which some LaTeX packages (e.g., -‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>’) insert. -<li>One exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not -already defined in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; in this case, you need to specify -‘<samp><span class="samp">-t unknown</span></samp>’. -<li>Another exception is when producing multi-page files for further -processing; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t nopaper</span></samp>’ to omit any paper size +</p><ul class="no-bullet"> +<li>- You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of ‘<samp>landscape</samp>’, +which rotates a document by 90 degrees. +</li><li>- To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you +can use the ‘<samp>-t</samp>’ option twice, once for the paper type, and once +for ‘<samp>landscape</samp>’. +</li><li>- In general, you should not use any ‘<samp>-t</samp>’ option when +using a ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special, which some LaTeX packages (e.g., +‘<samp>hyperref</samp>’) insert. +</li><li>- One exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not +already defined in <samp>config.ps</samp>; in this case, you need to specify +‘<samp>-t unknown</samp>’. +</li><li>- Another exception is when producing multi-page files for further +processing; use ‘<samp>-t nopaper</samp>’ to omit any paper size information in the output. (If you just have a single page document, -you can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>’ to get pure EPSF output.) -</ul> +you can use ‘<samp>-E</samp>’ to get pure EPSF output.) +</li></ul> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-223"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-T <var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"></a> +<p>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated +pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp>.1in,-.3cm</samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is -one close enough. To disable this behavior, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-224"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-225"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-226"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up -PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ +one close enough. To disable this behavior, use ‘<samp>-tunknown</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-u <var>psmapfile</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002du-psmapfile"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file"></a> +<a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers"></a> +<p>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up +PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a ‘<samp>+</samp>’ character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file, and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing -the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then ‘<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>’ +the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then ‘<samp>.map</samp>’ is added at the end. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-227"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-228"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-U*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dU"></a> +<a name="index-Xerox-4045"></a> +<p>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the character metric information in the same string that is used to store the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this printer. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-229"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-230"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use -<a name="index-mtpk-231"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-232"></a><a name="index-pstopk-233"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-v</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dv"></a> +<p>Print the dvips version number and exit. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-V*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dV"></a> +<p>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use +<a name="index-mtpk"></a> +<a name="index-gsftopk"></a> +<a name="index-pstopk"></a> +of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination thereof to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are -supplied with Dvips. The bitmap must be put into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> as +supplied with Dvips. The bitmap must be put into <samp>psfonts.map</samp> as the downloadable file for that font. This is useful only for those fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely. +</p> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-235"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-x <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dx-num"></a> +<a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"></a> +<p>Set the magnification ratio to <em><var>num</var>/1000</em>. Overrides the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and 100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an integer, for increased precision. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-236"></a><a name="index-resolution-237"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-238"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-X <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dX-num"></a> +<a name="index-resolution"></a> +<p>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-y <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical"></a> +<p>Set the magnification ratio to <em><var>num</var>/1000</em> times the magnification specified in the DVI file. See -‘<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>’ above. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-239"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var> -<a name="index-resolution-240"></a> -<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-241"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-242"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-243"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-244"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-245"></a>Pass ‘<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>’ hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual +‘<samp>-x</samp>’ above. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-Y <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dY-num"></a> +<p>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var> +<a name="index-resolution-1"></a> +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-z*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"></a> +<a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling"></a> +<a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz"></a> +<a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for"></a> +<a name="index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"></a> +<p>Pass ‘<samp>html</samp>’ hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in creating the output. See <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-246"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-247"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-Z*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></a> +<p>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of what gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when very large fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be enabled in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Environment-variables"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Config files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Environment-variables-1"></a> <h3 class="section">3.3 Environment variables</h3> -<p><a name="index-environment-variables-248"></a> -Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and +<a name="index-environment-variables"></a> + +<p>Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and other things. The path variables are read as needed, after all configuration files are read, so they override values in the configuration files. (Except for <code>TEXCONFIG</code>, which defines where the configuration files themselves are found.) - - <p>See <a href="kpathsea.html#Path-specifications">Path specifications</a>, for details of +</p> +<p>See <a href="kpathsea.html#Path-specifications">Path specifications</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>, for details of interpretation of path and other environment variables common to all Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to Dvips are mentioned here. - - <dl> -<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code><a name="index-DVIPSDEBUG-249"></a><dd><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-250"></a>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to -standard output, for debugging. This isn't done by default because +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code> +<a name="index-DVIPSDEBUG"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"></a> +<p>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to +standard output, for debugging. This isn’t done by default because these files are read even before the banner is printed. For voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable -<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). (If <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> is -set to any value, it automatically turns on <samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>.) - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-251"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path -config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-252"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>’ +<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). (If <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> is +set to any value, it automatically turns on <code>DVIPSDEBUG</code>.) +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code> +<a name="index-DVIPSFONTS"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path +config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported +file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> +<a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the ‘<samp>H</samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-253"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-254"></a>Overrides ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’ as the name of the program to invoke to +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code> +<a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"></a> +<p>Overrides ‘<samp>mktexpk</samp>’ as the name of the program to invoke to create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the <code>mktexpk</code> program with the <code>MAKETEXPK</code> environment -variable; see <a href="kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a>. - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-255"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any +variable; see <a href="kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>DVIPSRC</code> +<a name="index-DVIPSRC"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp>config.ps</samp> but before any printer-specific configuration files. - - <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-256"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-257"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code> +<a name="index-DVIPSSIZES"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES"></a> +<p>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the ‘<samp>R</samp>’ definition in config files (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - - <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-258"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>PRINTER</code> +<a name="index-PRINTER"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does not use <code>PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.) - - <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-259"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-260"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration -files, including the base <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>. Using this single +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code> +<a name="index-TEXCONFIG"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path"></a> +<p>Path to search for Dvips’ <samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> configuration +files, including the base <samp>config.ps</samp>. Using this single environment variable, you can override everything else. (The -printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> -on MS-DOS, but <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> is called by that name on all +printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var>.cfg</samp> +on MS-DOS, but <samp>config.ps</samp> is called by that name on all platforms.) - - <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-261"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>’ +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>TEXPICTS</code> +<a name="index-TEXPICTS"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the ‘<samp>S</samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). If not set, -<code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. +<code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Config-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment variables</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Dvips-configuration-files"></a> <h3 class="section">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3> -<p><a name="index-configuration-files-262"></a> -This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp><span class="file">config.*</span></samp> -device configuration files (called <samp><span class="file">*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which -override the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> -configuration files generic to Kpathsea which Dvips also reads -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). +<a name="index-configuration-files"></a> - <p>For information about installing these files, including a prototype file +<p>This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp>config.*</samp> +device configuration files (called <samp>*.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS), which +override the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> +configuration files generic to Kpathsea which Dvips also reads +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<p>For information about installing these files, including a prototype file you can copy, see <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Configuration-file-searching" accesskey="1">Configuration file searching</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Where config.* files are searched for. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Configuration-file-commands" accesskey="2">Configuration file commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">What can go in a config.* file. +</td></tr> +</table> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>: Where config.* files are searched for. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>: What can go in a config.* file. -</ul> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Configuration-file-searching"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Configuration file commands</a>, Up: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Config files</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Configuration-file-searching-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4> -<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-263"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-264"></a> -The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that +<a name="index-configuration-file-searching"></a> +<a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of"></a> + +<p>The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis, or individually by each user. - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-265"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for +</p> +<ol> +<li> <a name="index-config_002eps_002c-searched-for"></a> +Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp>config.ps</samp>; it is searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in -<a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. +<a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-266"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override +</li><li> <a name="index-_002edvipsrc_002c-searched-for"></a> +A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override any options set in the global file. The environment variable <code>DVIPSRC</code>, if defined, is used as the specification of the startup file. If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a platform-specific default name. On Unix Dvips looks for the default startup file under -the name <samp><span class="file">$HOME/.dvipsrc</span></samp>, which is in the user's home directory. -On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users generally don't have their private -directories, the startup file is called <samp><span class="file">dvips.ini</span></samp> and it is +the name <samp>$HOME/.dvipsrc</samp>, which is in the user’s home directory. +On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users generally don’t have their private +directories, the startup file is called <samp>dvips.ini</samp> and it is searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files (as described -in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.); users are +in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.); users are expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-267"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>’ option -is encountered, at that point <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>device</var></samp> is loaded. +</li><li> <a name="index-_002dPprinter_002c-and-config-file-searching"></a> +The command line is read and parsed: if the ‘<samp>-P<var>device</var></samp>’ option +is encountered, at that point <samp>config.<var>device</var></samp> is loaded. Thus, the printer configuration file can override anything in the site-wide or user configuration file, and it can also override options -in the command line up to the point that the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option was +in the command line up to the point that the ‘<samp>-P</samp>’ option was encountered. (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are called -<samp><var>device</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>, since DOS doesn't allow more than 3 characters +<samp><var>device</var>.cfg</samp>, since DOS doesn’t allow more than 3 characters after the dot in filenames.) - <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-268"></a>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option was specified, and also the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ command line options were not used, Dvips checks the +</li><li> <a name="index-PRINTER_002c-and-config-file-searching"></a> +If no ‘<samp>-P</samp>’ option was specified, and also the ‘<samp>-o</samp>’ and +‘<samp>-f</samp>’ command line options were not used, Dvips checks the environment variable <code>PRINTER</code>. If it exists, then -<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) is +<samp>config.<var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS) is loaded (if it exists). - </ol> +</li></ol> - <p>Because the <samp><span class="file">.dvipsrc</span></samp> file is read before the printer-specific +<p>Because the <samp>.dvipsrc</samp> file is read before the printer-specific configuration files, individual users cannot override settings in the latter. On the other hand, the <code>TEXCONFIG</code> path usually includes the current directory, and can in any case be set to anything, so the users can always define their own printer-specific configuration files -to be found before the system's. - - <p>A few command-line options are treated specially, in that they are not +to be found before the system’s. +</p> +<p>A few command-line options are treated specially, in that they are not overridden by configuration files: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was -previously set from a configuration file. If <samp><span class="file">config.$PRINTER</span></samp> is -read, however, any ‘<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>’ lines from there will take +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-D</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was +previously set from a configuration file. If <samp>config.$PRINTER</samp> is +read, however, any ‘<samp>D</samp>’ or ‘<samp>M</samp>’ lines from there will take effect. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-mode</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>This overrides any mode setting (‘<samp>M</samp>’ line) in configuration files. +‘<samp>-mode</samp>’ does not affect the resolution. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-o</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>This overrides any output setting (‘<samp>o</samp>’ line) in configuration files. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’<dd>This overrides any mode setting (‘<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>’ line) in configuration files. -‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’ does not affect the resolution. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’<dd>This overrides any output setting (‘<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>’ line) in configuration files. - - </dl> - - <p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of -having a mismatched mode and resolution (which ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’ cannot +<p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of +having a mismatched mode and resolution (which ‘<samp>mktexpk</samp>’ cannot resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where possible. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Configuration-file-commands"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Configuration file searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Config files</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Configuration-file-commands-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4> -<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-269"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-270"></a> -Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding +<a name="index-configuration-file-options"></a> +<a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options"></a> + +<p>Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding command line options, but there are a few exceptions. When they are the same, we omit the description here. - - <p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the -letter with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’). - - <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-271"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-272"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a -space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored. +</p> +<p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the +letter with a zero (‘<samp>0</samp>’). +</p> +<a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files"></a> +<a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported"></a> +<p>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a +space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored. There is no provision for continuation lines. - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-273"></a>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-274"></a>Memory conservation. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-275"></a>Multiple copies. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">c </span><var>filename</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-c-_0040r_007binclude-additional-config-file_007d-276"></a>Include <var>filename</var> as an additional configuration file, read +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>@ <var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_0040-paper-size-config-command"></a> +<p>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>a*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-a-config-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029"></a> +<p>Memory conservation. Same as ‘<samp>-a</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>b <var>#copies</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"></a> +<p>Multiple copies. Same as ‘<samp>-b</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>c <var>filename</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-c-include-additional-config-file"></a> +<p>Include <var>filename</var> as an additional configuration file, read immediately. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-277"></a>Output resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-278"></a>Max drift. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-279"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-280"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-281"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-282"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get -the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>D <var>dpi</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"></a> +<p>Output resolution. Same as ‘<samp>-D</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>e <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"></a> +<p>Max drift. Same as ‘<samp>-e</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>E <var>command</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"></a> +<a name="index-system-in-config-file"></a> +<a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output"></a> +<a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file"></a> +<p>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get +the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance. Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-283"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-284"></a>Run as a filter. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">G*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-G-_0040r_007bcharacter-shifting-config-command_007d-285"></a>Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-G</span></samp>’, +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>f*</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>F</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></a> +<a name="index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></a> +<p>Run as a filter. Same as ‘<samp>-f</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>G*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-G-character-shifting-config-command"></a> +<p>Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete. Same as ‘<samp>-G</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-286"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-287"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-288"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-289"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>h <var>header</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-h-header-downloading-config-command"></a> +<p>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as ‘<samp>h-</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>H <var>path</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-H-header-path-config-command"></a> +<a name="index-header-path_002c-defining"></a> +<a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"></a> +<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment variable <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-290"></a>Make multiple output files. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-291"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029_007d-292"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>’, +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>i <var>n</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"></a> +<p>Make multiple output files. Same as ‘<samp>-i -S <var>n</var></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>j*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"></a> +<p>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as ‘<samp>-j</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>K*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-K-config-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029"></a> +<p>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as ‘<samp>-K</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-293"></a><a name="index-memory-available-294"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-295"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the -printer. Default is 180000. This value must be accurate if memory -conservation and document splitting is to work correctly. To determine -this value, send the following file to the printer: - - <pre class="example"> %! Hey, we're PostScript - /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto - vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>m <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"></a> +<a name="index-memory-available"></a> +<a name="index-printer-memory"></a> +<p>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the +printer. The compile-time default is 180000, but this is typically +overridden by <samp>config.ps</samp> or other configuration files. This +value must be accurate if memory conservation and document splitting +is to work correctly. To determine this value, send the following +file to the printer: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%! Hey, we're PostScript +/Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto +vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage +</pre></div> + +<p>The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less memory, because many programs download permanent macros that can reduce the memory in the printer. Some systems or printers can dynamically increase the memory available to a PostScript interpreter, in which case this file might return a ridiculously low number; for example, the NeXT computer -and Ghostscript. In these cases, a value of one million works fine. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-296"></a>Metafont mode. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-297"></a>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying -page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers. -Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-298"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-299"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. -In the file <samp><span class="file">config.foo</span></samp>, a setting like this is probably +and Ghostscript. In these cases, a value of, say, 10 million is +likely fine. +</p> +<p>To go all out: If <var>num</var> is zero or negative, Dvips sets the +available memory to a very large number (the maximum integer value in +C), the idea being that output is not to a printer and thus no +splitting of the output is desirable. The Dvips config file +<samp>config.maxmem</samp> is provided to do this conveniently, namely with +‘<samp>dvips -Pmaxmem</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>M <var>mode</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"></a> +<p>Metafont mode. Same as ‘<samp>-mode</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>N*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-N-EPS_002ddisabling-config-command"></a> +<p>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying +page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers. +Same as ‘<samp>-N</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>o <var>name</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-o-config-command-_0028output-file_0029"></a> +<a name="index-output-file_002c-setting"></a> +<p>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as ‘<samp>-o</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +In the file <samp>config.foo</samp>, a setting like this is probably appropriate: - <pre class="example"> o |lpr -Pfoo -</pre> - <p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to -the local printer device <samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> if it doesn't find an executable +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">o |lpr -Pfoo +</pre></div> +<p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to +the local printer device <samp>PRN</samp> if it doesn’t find an executable program by that name in the current directory or along the <code>PATH</code>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-300"></a>Origin offset. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-301"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-302"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-303"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-304"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>O <var>xoff</var>,<var>yoff</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-O-config-command-_0028offset_0029"></a> +<p>Origin offset. Same as ‘<samp>-O</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>p <span class="roman">[+]</span><var>name</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1"></a> +<a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1"></a> +<a name="index-_002bpsmapfile"></a> +<p>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is +<samp>psfonts.map</samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident fonts that different printers may have. If <var>name</var> starts with a -‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces) +‘<samp>+</samp>’ character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces) is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to have local map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the global map file. This can be used for font families. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-305"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-306"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-307"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-308"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-309"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>P <var>path</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"></a> +<a name="index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a> +<a name="index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"></a> +<a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a> +<a name="index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a> +<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The <code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code>TEXFONTS</code> -environment variables override this. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-310"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-311"></a>Run quietly. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-312"></a>Page reversal. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-313"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-314"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-315"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-316"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size +environment variables override this. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>q*</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>Q</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></a> +<a name="index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></a> +<p>Run quietly. Same as ‘<samp>-q</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>r*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"></a> +<p>Page reversal. Same as ‘<samp>-r</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>R <var>num1 num2 …</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-R-fallback-resolution-config-command"></a> +<a name="index-fallback-resolutions"></a> +<a name="index-default-resolutions"></a> +<a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R"></a> +<p>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created, Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to the requested size, using PostScript scaling. The resulting output may be ugly, and thus a warning is issued. To turn this last-resort scaling -off, use a line with just the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ and no numbers. - - <p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller +off, use a line with just the ‘<samp>R</samp>’ and no numbers. +</p> +<p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller than the preceding one is ignored. This is because it is better to scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate small features in the character shape. - - <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-317"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-318"></a>The environment and config file values ‘<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>’ override this configuration file setting. - - <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-319"></a>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ settings or environment variables are specified, a list +</p> +<a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_002c-overrides-R"></a> +<a name="index-TEXSIZES_002c-overrides-R"></a> +<p>The environment and config file values ‘<samp>DVIPSSIZES</samp>’ or +‘<samp>TEXSIZES</samp>’ override this configuration file setting. +</p> +<a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-Make-variable"></a> +<p>If no ‘<samp>R</samp>’ settings or environment variables are specified, a list compiled in during installation is used. This default list is defined by -the Makefile variable ‘<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>’, defined in the file -<samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-320"></a>Output global save/restore. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-321"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-322"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-323"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated +the Makefile variable ‘<samp>default_texsizes</samp>’, defined in the file +<samp>make/paths.make</samp>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>s*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-s-config-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029"></a> +<p>Output global save/restore. Same as ‘<samp>-s</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>S <var>path</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"></a> +<a name="index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"></a> +<a name="index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"></a> +<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated PostScript files or psfiles). The <code>TEXPICTS</code> and then <code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-324"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-325"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-326"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>T <var>path</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"></a> +<a name="index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></a> +<a name="index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></a> +<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then <code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this. This path is used -for resident fonts and fonts that can't otherwise be found. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-327"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-328"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-329"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-330"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be +for resident fonts and fonts that can’t otherwise be found. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>U*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"></a> +<p>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as ‘<samp>-U</samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>V <var>path</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"></a> +<a name="index-virtual-font-path"></a> +<a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts"></a> +<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on different devices. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-331"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-332"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>W <span class="roman">[<var>string</var>]</span></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-W-config-command-_0028warning_0029"></a> +<a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining"></a> +<p>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading all the configuration files; with no <var>string</var>, cancel any previous -‘<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>’ message. This is useful in the default configuration file to +‘<samp>W</samp>’ message. This is useful in the default configuration file to remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users about special characteristics of a particular printer. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-333"></a>Horizontal resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-334"></a>Vertical resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-335"></a>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-336"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ -(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ is specified +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>X <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"></a> +<p>Horizontal resolution. Same as ‘<samp>-X</samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>Y <var>num</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"></a> +<p>Vertical resolution. Same as ‘<samp>-Y</samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>Z*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Z-config-command-_0028compression_0029"></a> +<p>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as ‘<samp>-Z</samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>z*</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"></a> +<p>Disables execution of system commands, like ‘<samp>-R</samp>’ +(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If ‘<samp>-R</samp>’ is specified on the command line, that takes precedence. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Paper-size-and-landscape"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interaction with PostScript</a>, Previous: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation"></a> <h2 class="chapter">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2> -<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-337"></a> -Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the +<a name="index-paper-size_002c-general"></a> + +<p>Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in Europe). The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a particular printer. - - <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-338"></a><a name="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-339"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance, +</p> +<a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined"></a> +<a name="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined"></a> +<p>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance, you may want to design a document that has the long edge of the paper horizontal. This can be useful when typesetting booklets, brochures, complex tables, or many other documents. This type of paper orientation -is called <dfn>landscape</dfn> orientation (the default orientation is -<dfn>portrait</dfn>). Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger +is called <em>landscape</em> orientation (the default orientation is +<em>portrait</em>). Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger or A3 paper. - - <p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design +</p> +<p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, -Dvips supports a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special. It is hoped that this +Dvips supports a ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special. It is hoped that this special will become standard over time for TeX previewers and other printer drivers. - - <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>’, write a -‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special into the DVI file. In this case, you need +</p> +<p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., ‘<samp>hyperref.sty</samp>’, write a +‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special into the DVI file. In this case, you need not and should not attempt to override it manually. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>: Specifying the paper size in TeX. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>: Specifying printer- and site-specific sizes. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a>: Changing paper trays automatically. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#papersize-special" accesskey="1">papersize special</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying the paper size in TeX. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="2">Config file paper sizes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying printer- and site-specific sizes. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Paper-trays" accesskey="3">Paper trays</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing paper trays automatically. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="papersize-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Config file paper sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="papersize-special-1"></a> +<h3 class="section">4.1 ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special</h3> -<h3 class="section">4.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special</h3> +<a name="index-papersize-special"></a> -<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-340"></a> -The format of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special is +<p>The format of the ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special is +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><var>width</var> is the horizontal size of the page, and <var>height</var> is the +<p><var>width</var> is the horizontal size of the page, and <var>height</var> is the vertical size. The dimensions supported are the same as for TeX; namely, in (inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp (scaled points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript unit), pc (picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros). - - <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-341"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be: -<pre class="example"> \special{papersize=11in,8.5in} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>: -<pre class="example"> \special{landscape} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This is supported for backward compatibility, but it is hoped that +</p> +<a name="index-landscape_002c-as-_005cspecial"></a> +<p>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{papersize=11in,8.5in} +</pre></div> + +<p>An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{landscape} +</pre></div> + +<p>This is supported for backward compatibility, but it is hoped that reventually the <code>papersize</code> comment will dominate. - - <p>Of course, such a <code>\special</code> only informs Dvips of the desired +</p> +<p>Of course, such a <code>\special</code> only informs Dvips of the desired paper size; you must also adjust <code>\hsize</code> and <code>\vsize</code> in your TeX document typeset to those dimensions. - - <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-342"></a>When using the <code>papersize</code> special, you generally should not also +</p> +<a name="index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"></a> +<p>When using the <code>papersize</code> special, you generally should not also specify <code>-t</code> on the command line (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). The -exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't +exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn’t predefined; in this case, use <code>-t unknown</code>. +</p> +<p>The <code>papersize</code> special must occur somewhere on the first page of +the document. Some packages, notably ‘<samp>hyperref</samp>’, insert this special. +</p> - <p>The <code>papersize</code> special must occur somewhere on the first page of -the document. Some packages, notably ‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>’, insert this special. - -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Config-file-paper-sizes"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Paper-trays" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paper trays</a>, Previous: <a href="#papersize-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">papersize special</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Configuration-file-paper-size-command"></a> <h3 class="section">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3> -<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-343"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-344"></a> -The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ command in a configuration file sets the paper size -defaults and options. The first ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ command defines the default +<a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command"></a> +<a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command"></a> + +<p>The ‘<samp>@</samp>’ command in a configuration file sets the paper size +defaults and options. The first ‘<samp>@</samp>’ command defines the default paper size. It has three possible parameters: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">@ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span> +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> @ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span> -</pre> - <p>If ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it +<p>If ‘<samp>@</samp>’ is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly from another configuration file). - - <p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and -the second and third being a dimension (as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>’, just like in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special), then the +</p> +<p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and +the second and third being a dimension (as in ‘<samp>8.5in</samp>’ or +‘<samp>3.2cc</samp>’, just like in the ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special), then the option is interpreted as starting a new paper size description, where <var>name</var> is the name and <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> define the horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of paper, respectively. For example: - -<pre class="example"> @ letterSize 8.5in 11in -</pre> - <p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify -units!) then any page size will match. If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ character is -immediately followed by a ‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ sign, then the remainder of the line +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">@ letterSize 8.5in 11in +</pre></div> + +<p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify +units!) then any page size will match. If the ‘<samp>@</samp>’ character is +immediately followed by a ‘<samp>+</samp>’ sign, then the remainder of the line (after skipping any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to send to the printer, presumably to select that particular paper size: - -<pre class="example"> @ letter 8.5in 11in - @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter - @+ letter - @+ %%EndPaperSize -</pre> - <p>After all that, if the first character of the line is an exclamation +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">@ letter 8.5in 11in +@+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter +@+ letter +@+ %%EndPaperSize +</pre></div> + +<p>After all that, if the first character of the line is an exclamation point, then the line is put in the initial comments section of the final -output file; else, it is put in the setup section of the output file. +output file; else, it is put in the setup section of the output file. For example: - -<pre class="example"> @ legal 8.5in 14in - @+ ! %%DocumentPaperSizes: Legal - @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Legal - @+ legal - @+ %%EndPaperSize -</pre> - <p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks -for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special, +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">@ legal 8.5in 14in +@+ ! %%DocumentPaperSizes: Legal +@+ %%BeginPaperSize: Legal +@+ legal +@+ %%EndPaperSize +</pre></div> + +<p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks +for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a ‘<samp>papersize</samp>’ special, it looks for a match by dimensions. The best match found (from the paper size information in the configuration file) is used. The -dimensions must match within 5bp. - - <p>If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size with +dimensions must match within 5bp. +</p> +<p>If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size with zero dimensions is used; this should be the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition mentioned below, resulting in the actual dimensions being used. - - <p>Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported. - - <p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give -dimensions of ‘<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>’; the PostScript code that sets the paper -size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as ‘<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>’ -and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>’; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that +</p> +<p>Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported. +</p> +<p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give +dimensions of ‘<samp>0in 0in</samp>’; the PostScript code that sets the paper +size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as ‘<samp>hsize</samp>’ +and ‘<samp>vsize</samp>’; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that return the requested size in default PostScript units. Also, some -printers want ‘<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>’ comments and paper size setting -commands; others (such as the NeXT) want ‘<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>’ comments and +printers want ‘<samp>BeginPaperSize</samp>’ comments and paper size setting +commands; others (such as the NeXT) want ‘<samp>PaperSize</samp>’ comments and they will handle setting the paper size. So paper size entries should typically specify both. - - <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-345"></a>When using a paper size that is not already defined in -<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, you probably want to say ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t unknown</span></samp>’ on +</p> +<a name="index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt-1"></a> +<p>When using a paper size that is not already defined in +<samp>config.ps</samp>, you probably want to say ‘<samp>-t unknown</samp>’ on the command line; the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition in -<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the +<samp>config.ps</samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the PostScript page size, as just described. - - <p><a name="index-nopaper_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-346"></a>If you want no paper size information in the output at all, use -‘<samp><span class="samp">-t nopaper</span></samp>’. This is useful with multi-page output that +</p> +<a name="index-nopaper_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"></a> +<p>If you want no paper size information in the output at all, use +‘<samp>-t nopaper</samp>’. This is useful with multi-page output that will be processed further. If you just have a single page document, -you can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>’ to get pure EPSF output. - - <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-347"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the +you can use ‘<samp>-E</samp>’ to get pure EPSF output. +</p> +<a name="index-mkdvipspapers"></a> +<p>The Perl 5 script <samp>contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</samp> in the distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size definitions. - - <p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-348"></a><a name="index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-349"></a><a name="index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-350"></a>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code> -paper size definitions in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> execute the +</p> +<a name="index-config_002eps-paper-sizes"></a> +<a name="index-letter-paper-size"></a> +<a name="index-a4-paper-size"></a> +<p>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code> +paper size definitions in <samp>config.ps</samp> execute the <code>setpagedevice</code> operator if it exists (it was defined in -PostScript Level 2), or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>’ operator +PostScript Level 2), or the ‘<samp>letter</samp>’ or ‘<samp>a4</samp>’ operator if they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause failures on certain (unknown) printers). Not executing any page size definition at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as -<samp><span class="command">ps2pdf</span></samp>, so we want to execute one if we can. - - <p><a name="index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-351"></a><a name="index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-352"></a>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now +<code>ps2pdf</code>, so we want to execute one if we can. +</p> +<a name="index-letterSize-paper-size"></a> +<a name="index-A4size-paper-size"></a> +<p>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now synonyms for <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Paper-trays"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Config file paper sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Paper-trays-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.3 Paper trays</h3> -<p><a name="index-paper-trays-353"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-354"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-355"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-356"></a> -<a name="index-bop_002dhook-357"></a>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper +<a name="index-paper-trays"></a> +<a name="index-dual-paper-trays"></a> +<a name="index-multiple-paper-trays"></a> +<a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays"></a> + +<a name="index-bop_002dhook"></a> +<p>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper trays. You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the <code>bop-hook</code> PostScript variable (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). - - <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-358"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead +</p> +<a name="index-letterhead-tray"></a> +<p>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead paper; the usual tray has the usual paper. You have a document where you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the remaining pages on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say -<samp><span class="file">firstletterhead.PS</span></samp>, with the following (PostScript) code +<samp>firstletterhead.PS</samp>, with the following (PostScript) code (<code>bop-hook</code> is passed the current physical page number, which starts at zero): +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">/bop-hook { dup 0 eq { <var>alternatetray</var> } { <var>normaltray</var> } ifelse } def +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> /bop-hook { dup 0 eq { <var>alternatetray</var> } { <var>normaltray</var> } ifelse } def -</pre> - <p class="noindent">where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate +<p>where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate commands to select the paper trays. On the 4SI, <var>alternatetray</var> is -‘<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>’ and <var>normaltray</var> is -‘<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>’. +‘<samp>statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</samp>’ and <var>normaltray</var> is +‘<samp>statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</samp>’. +</p> +<p>Then, include the file with either +</p><ul> +<li> the ‘<samp>-h</samp>’ command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or - <p>Then, include the file with either - <ul> -<li>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>’ command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or +</li><li> the ‘<samp>h</samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or - <li>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or - - <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ in your TeX document +</li><li> ‘<samp>\special{header=<var>file</var>}</samp>’ in your TeX document (see <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>). - </ul> +</li></ul> + -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Interaction-with-PostScript"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Paper size and landscape</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Interaction-with-PostScript-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2> -<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-359"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-360"></a> -Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated +<a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-interaction"></a> + +<p>Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including literal PostScript code, and hypertext. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>: Including an Encapsulated PostScript figure. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>: Downloading extra definitions. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>: Writing literal PostScript code. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>: Producing HyperPostScript to make PDF. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="1">PostScript figures</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Including an Encapsulated PostScript figure. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="2">Header files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Downloading extra definitions. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="3">Literal PS</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Writing literal PostScript code. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="4">Hypertext</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing HyperPostScript to make PDF. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="PostScript-figures"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Header files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PostScript-figures-1"></a> <h3 class="section">5.1 PostScript figures</h3> <p>Scaling and including PostScript graphics is a breeze—if the PostScript file is correctly formed. Even if it is not, however, the file can usually be accommodated with just a little more work. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>: The %%BoundingBox EPS comment. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>: The LaTeX \includegraphics macro. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>: Including the file in TeX. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>: The basic special. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>: Handling compressed or generated figures. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>: The %*Font comment. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Bounding-box" accesskey="1">Bounding box</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The %%BoundingBox EPS comment. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="2">\includegraphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The LaTeX \includegraphics macro. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="3">EPSF macros</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Including the file in TeX. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="4">psfile special</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The basic special. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="5">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Handling compressed or generated figures. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Fonts-in-figures" accesskey="6">Fonts in figures</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The %*Font comment. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Bounding-box"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">\includegraphics</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="The-bounding-box-comment"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4> -<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-361"></a> -The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint -of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment. +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for"></a> + +<p>The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint +of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment. Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is. - - <p><a name="index-big-points-362"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-363"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-364"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of +</p> +<a name="index-big-points"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-units"></a> +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined"></a> +<p>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the -<dfn>bounding box</dfn>. These coordinates are given in the default +<em>bounding box</em>. These coordinates are given in the default PostScript units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch, like TeX big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the sheet of paper. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-365"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the +</p> +<a name="index-_0025_0025BoundingBox"></a> +<p>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the first few lines of the file. PostScript files are standard ASCII, so you can use any text editor to do this. If within the first few dozen lines there is a line like +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: 25 50 400 300 +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: 25 50 400 300 -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(with any reasonable numbers), chances are very good that the file is +<p>(with any reasonable numbers), chances are very good that the file is Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips. If the file contains instead a line like - - <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-366"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-367"></a> -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: (atend) -</pre> - <p class="noindent">the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box +</p> +<a name="index-atend_002c-bounding-box-specification"></a> +<a name="index-_0028atend_0029_002c-bounding-box-specification"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: (atend) +</pre></div> + +<p>the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box is given at the end of the file. Dvips needs it at the beginning. You can move it with that same text editor, or a simple script. (The bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the -PostScript couldn't know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute +PostScript couldn’t know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute it.) - - <p><a name="index-bbfig-368"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-369"></a>If the document lacks a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>’ altogether, you can -determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>’ -program distributed with Dvips in the <samp><span class="file">contrib</span></samp> directory. This can +</p> +<a name="index-bbfig"></a> +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining"></a> +<p>If the document lacks a ‘<samp>%%BoundingBox:</samp>’ altogether, you can +determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the ‘<samp>bbfig</samp>’ +program distributed with Dvips in the <samp>contrib</samp> directory. This can usually find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with Ghostscript. - - <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-370"></a>If the comment looks like this: -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -</pre> - <p class="noindent">the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper. This is +</p> +<a name="index-612-792-bounding-box-size"></a> +<p>If the comment looks like this: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 +</pre></div> + +<p>the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper. This is usually a symptom of a bug in the program that generated it. - - <p>The other is to do it yourself: print the file. Now, take a ruler, and +</p> +<p>The other is to do it yourself: print the file. Now, take a ruler, and make the following measurements (in PostScript units, so measure in inches and multiply by 72): From the left edge of the paper to the leftmost mark on the paper is <var>llx</var>, the first number. From the @@ -1858,1334 +2497,1683 @@ bottom edge of the paper to the bottommost mark on the paper is rightmost mark on the paper is <var>urx</var>, the third number. The fourth and final number, <var>ury</var>, is the distance from the bottom of the page to the uppermost mark on the paper. - - <p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the +</p> +<p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the second line of the document. (The first line should already be a line -starting with the two characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>’; if it is not, the file -probably isn't PostScript.) - -<pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Or, if you don't want to modify the file, you can simply write these +starting with the two characters ‘<samp>%!</samp>’; if it is not, the file +probably isn’t PostScript.) +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var> +</pre></div> + +<p>Or, if you don’t want to modify the file, you can simply write these numbers down in a convenient place and give them in your TeX document when you import the graphic, as described in the next section. - - <p>If the document does not have such a bounding box, or if the bounding +</p> +<p>If the document does not have such a bounding box, or if the bounding box is given at the end of the document, or the bounding box is wrong, please complain to the authors of the software package that generated the file. +</p> -<div class="node"> -<a name="%5cincludegraphics"></a> +<hr> <a name="g_t_005cincludegraphics"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="n" rel="next">EPSF macros</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bounding-box" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bounding box</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-371"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-372"></a> -Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous +<a name="index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro"></a> +<a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion"></a> + +<p>Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX document. For LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx packages, but the last is recommended—it has the most flexible syntax, and is briefly described here. Further information can be -found in <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>, which should be included +found in <samp>grfguide</samp> or <samp>epslatex</samp>, which should be included in your LaTeX distribution in DVI, PDF, or other formats. (If you are still using LaTeX 2.09, use epsf.sty). - - <p>Just put the following command into your preamble: - -<pre class="example"> \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} -</pre> - <p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be +</p> +<p>Just put the following command into your preamble: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} +</pre></div> + +<p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for -Dvips. In this case you can leave out the ‘<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>’ parameter. - - <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp><span class="file">foo.eps</span></samp>, enter a +Dvips. In this case you can leave out the ‘<samp>[dvips]</samp>’ parameter. +</p> +<p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp>foo.eps</samp>, enter a line such as: - -<pre class="example"> \includegraphics{foo.eps} -</pre> - <p>However, it is usually best to omit the file extension and only use - -<pre class="example"> \includegraphics{foo} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">because then you can process the same LaTeX file with +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\includegraphics{foo.eps} +</pre></div> + +<p>However, it is usually best to omit the file extension and only use +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\includegraphics{foo} +</pre></div> + +<p>because then you can process the same LaTeX file with different TeX engines or DVI converters if you also provide -suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp><span class="file">foo.pdf</span></samp> or -<samp><span class="file">foo.png</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-373"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in -‘<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>’ syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the -included graphic—see <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>. If your +suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp>foo.pdf</samp> or +<samp>foo.png</samp>. +</p> +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX"></a> +<p>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in +‘<samp>key=value</samp>’ syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the +included graphic—see <samp>grfguide</samp> or <samp>epslatex</samp>. If your file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would have been in a normal bounding box comment: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\includegraphics[bb=100 100 500 500]{foo.ps} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \includegraphics[bb=100 100 500 500]{foo.ps} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Now, save your changes and run LaTeX and Dvips; the output should +<p>Now, save your changes and run LaTeX and Dvips; the output should have your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying the proper amount of space. - - <p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left +</p> +<p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left corner. Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends -far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it. -Combining ‘<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>’ with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>’ commands or +far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it. +Combining ‘<samp>\includegraphics</samp>’ with ‘<samp>\parbox</samp>’ commands or minipages can sometimes be confusing when this is not taken into account. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="EPSF-macros"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="n" rel="next">psfile special</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\includegraphics</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Using-the-EPSF-macros"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4> -<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-374"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-375"></a> -If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>’ -package. See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>. +<a name="index-EPSF-macros"></a> +<a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1"></a> - <p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> -(for plain TeX) and <samp><span class="file">epsf.sty</span></samp> (for LaTeX). For plain +<p>If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the ‘<samp>graphics</samp>’ or ‘<samp>graphicx</samp>’ +package. See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>. +</p> +<p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp>epsf.tex</samp> +(for plain TeX) and <samp>epsf.sty</samp> (for LaTeX). For plain TeX, add a line like this near the top of your input file: - - <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-376"></a> -<pre class="example"> \input epsf -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-377"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>’ style option, as in: - -<pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">In any case, the above only needs to be done once, no matter how many +</p> +<a name="index-epsf_002etex"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input epsf +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-epsf_002esty"></a> +<p>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp>epsf</samp>’ style option, as in: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article} +</pre></div> + +<p>In any case, the above only needs to be done once, no matter how many figures you plan to include. - - <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file, enter a line such as: - -<pre class="example"> \epsffile{foo.eps} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-378"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-379"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code> +</p> +<p>Now, at the point you want to include a file, enter a line such as: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsffile{foo.eps} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_005cleavevmode"></a> +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX-1"></a> +<p>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code> immediately before the <code>\epsffile</code> command to get certain environments to work correctly. If your file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would have been in a normal bounding box comment: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsffile[100 100 500 500]{foo.ps} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \epsffile[100 100 500 500]{foo.ps} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Now, save your changes and run TeX and Dvips; the output should have +<p>Now, save your changes and run TeX and Dvips; the output should have your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying the proper amount of space. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-380"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-381"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code> +</p> +<a name="index-_005cepsffile-macro"></a> +<a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size"></a> +<p>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code> at the point of the page that the command is executed. By default, the -graphic will have its `natural' width (namely, the width of its bounding +graphic will have its ‘natural’ width (namely, the width of its bounding box). The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height. By default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect, just as is everything else in your document. See the next section for more information on scaling. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-382"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-383"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your +</p> +<a name="index-_005cepsfverbosetrue"></a> +<a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing"></a> +<p>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your terminal when it processes each figure, give the command: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsfverbosetrue +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \epsfverbosetrue -</pre> - <ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a> -</ul> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#EPSF-scaling" accesskey="1">EPSF scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#EPSF-clipping" accesskey="2">EPSF clipping</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> -<div class="node"> -<a name="EPSF-scaling"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> +<hr> +<a name="EPSF-scaling"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#EPSF-clipping" accesskey="n" rel="next">EPSF clipping</a>, Up: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="u" rel="up">EPSF macros</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="EPSF-scaling-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h5> +<a name="index-scaling-of-figures"></a> +<a name="index-figures_002c-scaling"></a> -<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-384"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-385"></a> -Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate +<p>Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator of the EPS file. - - <p>The best way to do this is to assign the desired size to the TeX +</p> +<p>The best way to do this is to assign the desired size to the TeX <code>\epsfxsize</code> or <code>\epsfysize</code> variables, whichever is more convenient for you. That is, put - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-386"></a> -<pre class="example"> \epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>. Then the width of the TeX -box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately. +</p> +<a name="index-_005cepsfxsize"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var> +</pre></div> + +<p>right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>. Then the width of the TeX +box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately. Similarly, you can set the vertical size with +</p> +<a name="index-_005cepsfysize"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsfysize=<var>dimen</var> +</pre></div> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-387"></a> -<pre class="example"> \epsfysize=<var>dimen</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">in which case the height will be set and the width scaled +<p>in which case the height will be set and the width scaled proportionally. - - <p>If you set both, both will be honored, but the aspect ratio of the +</p> +<p>If you set both, both will be honored, but the aspect ratio of the included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents stretched in one direction or the other. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-388"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the +</p> +<a name="index-_005cepsfsize"></a> +<p>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the <code>\epsfsize</code> macro. <code>\epsffile</code> calls this with two parameters: the natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript graphic. <code>\epsfsize</code> must expand to the desired horizontal size, that is, the width of the <code>\vbox</code>. Schematically: - -<pre class="example"> \def\epsfsize#1#2{<var>body</var>} -</pre> - <p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>’<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above, +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\def\epsfsize#1#2{<var>body</var>} +</pre></div> + +<p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>\epsfxsize</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above, by setting <code>\epsfxsize</code> to the same value it had before the macro was called. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>’<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>#1</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original width). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>’<dd>A special case, equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>’<dd>Scale to half the natural size. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>’<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code> +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>0pt</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>A special case, equivalent to ‘<samp>#1</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>0.5#1</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Scale to half the natural size. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>\hsize</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code> instead of <code>\hsize</code>.) - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1>\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>’<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>\ifnum#1>\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to <code>\hsize</code>, otherwise use the natural width. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> - - <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-389"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-390"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-391"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn +<a name="index-DVI-magnification"></a> +<a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI"></a> +<a name="index-_005cmagnification"></a> +<p>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI magnification with the following TeX command: +</p> +<a name="index-_002fmagscale"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{! /magscale false def} +</pre></div> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-392"></a> -<pre class="example"> \special{! /magscale false def} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the +<p>Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the <code>\epsffile</code> graphics the “wrong” size if global magnification is being used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear improperly scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to scale or otherwise modify the document. +</p> +<a name="index-bop_002dhook-1"></a> +<p>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in +‘<samp>bop-hook</samp>’ or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>), +</p> - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-393"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in -‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>), - -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="EPSF-clipping"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#EPSF-scaling" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EPSF scaling</a>, Up: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="u" rel="up">EPSF macros</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="EPSF-clipping-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h5> +<a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF"></a> +<a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate"></a> +<a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off"></a> +<a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width"></a> -<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-394"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-395"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-396"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-397"></a> -By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images. This is +<p>By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images. This is because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a small portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding box arguments. The problem might be subtle; lines around the boundary of the image might be half their intended width, or the tops or bottoms of some text annotations might be sliced off. If you want to turn clipping on, just use the command +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsfclipon +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \epsfclipon -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and to turn clipping back off, use +<p>and to turn clipping back off, use +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsfclipoff +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \epsfclipoff -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<a name="psfile-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> +<hr> +<a name="psfile-special"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EPSF macros</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="psfile-special-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 ‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special</h4> -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>’ special</h4> +<a name="index-psfile-special"></a> -<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-398"></a> -The basic special for file inclusion is as follows: +<p>The basic special for file inclusion is as follows: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> … } +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> ... } -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This downloads the PostScript file <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp> such that +<p>This downloads the PostScript file <samp><var>filename</var>.ps</samp> such that the current point will be the origin of the PostScript coordinate system. The optional <var>key</var><tt>=</tt><var>value</var> assignments allow you to specify transformations on the PostScript. - - <p>The possible <var>key</var>s are: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"></a>The horizontal offset (default 0). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"></a>The vertical offset (default 0). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"></a>The horizontal clipping size (default 612). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"></a>The vertical clipping size (default 792). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"></a>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"></a>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-405"></a>The rotation, in degrees (default 0). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-406"></a>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-407"></a><a name="index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-408"></a><a name="index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-409"></a><a name="index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-410"></a>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code> +</p> +<p>The possible <var>key</var>s are: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>hoffset</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The horizontal offset (default 0). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>voffset</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The vertical offset (default 0). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>hsize</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The horizontal clipping size (default 612). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>vsize</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The vertical clipping size (default 792). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>hscale</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>vscale</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>angle</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>The rotation, in degrees (default 0). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>clip</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled). +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>llx, lly, urx, ury</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<a name="index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<a name="index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<a name="index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code> comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">rhi, rwi</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-411"></a><a name="index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-412"></a>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in -tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional. - - <p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled, +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>rhi, rwi</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<a name="index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a> +<p>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in +tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional. +</p> +<p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled, possibly losing aspect ratio. If only one of <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> is nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> - - <p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points). +<p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points). Thus, for example: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">will shift the graphics produced by file <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> right by one inch +<p>will shift the graphics produced by file <samp>foo.ps</samp> right by one inch and will draw it at 0.9 times normal size. Offsets are given relative to the point of the special command, and are unaffected by scaling or rotation. Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin. The order of operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it. - - <p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change -the units that ‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’ are given in. This can be -done by redefining ‘<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>’ -<a name="index-scaleunit-413"></a>in ‘<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>’ -<a name="index-SDict-414"></a>by a TeX command such as - -<pre class="example"> \special{! /@scaleunit 1 def} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>’ variable, which is by default 100, is what -‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’ are divided by to yield an absolute +</p> +<p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change +the units that ‘<samp>hscale</samp>’ and ‘<samp>vscale</samp>’ are given in. This can be +done by redefining ‘<samp>@scaleunit</samp>’ +<a name="index-scaleunit"></a> +in ‘<samp>SDict</samp>’ +<a name="index-SDict"></a> +by a TeX command such as +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{! /@scaleunit 1 def} +</pre></div> + +<p>The ‘<samp>@scaleunit</samp>’ variable, which is by default 100, is what +‘<samp>hscale</samp>’ and ‘<samp>vscale</samp>’ are divided by to yield an absolute scale factor. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fonts in figures</a>, Previous: <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">psfile special</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4> -<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-415"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-416"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-417"></a> -PostScript is an excellent page description language—but it does tend +<a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></a> +<a name="index-compressed-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript"></a> + +<p>PostScript is an excellent page description language—but it does tend to be rather verbose. Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce them by factor of five or more. For this reason, if the name of an -included PostScript file ends with <samp><span class="file">.Z</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, Dvips -automatically runs ‘<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>’. For example: - -<pre class="example"> \epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Since the results of such a command are not accessible to TeX, if you -use this facility with the <samp><span class="file">epsf</span></samp> macros, you need to supply the +included PostScript file ends with <samp>.Z</samp> or <samp>.gz</samp>, Dvips +automatically runs ‘<samp>gzip -d</samp>’. For example: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz} +</pre></div> + +<p>Since the results of such a command are not accessible to TeX, if you +use this facility with the <samp>epsf</samp> macros, you need to supply the bounding box parameter yourself, as shown. - - <p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics -inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (‘<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>’), the parameter +</p> +<p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics +inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (‘<samp>`</samp>’), the parameter is instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual file to standard output. For example: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"} -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-418"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>. Of course, the command to be executed +<a name="index-gnuplot"></a> +<p>to include the file <samp>foo</samp>. Of course, the command to be executed can be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as -<samp><span class="file">tek2ps</span></samp> or whatever is appropriate. This feature can be disabled -with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ command-line option or ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ configuration option. +<samp>tek2ps</samp> or whatever is appropriate. This feature can be disabled +with the ‘<samp>-R</samp>’ command-line option or ‘<samp>R</samp>’ configuration option. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Fonts-in-figures"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Fonts-in-figures-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4> -<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-419"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-420"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-421"></a> -You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics +<a name="index-figures-and-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures"></a> +<a name="index-_0025_002aFont"></a> + +<p>You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics file by putting a <code>%*Font:</code> line in the leading commentary of the file. Schematically, this looks like: - -<pre class="example"> %*Font: <var>tfmname</var> <var>scaledbp</var> <var>designbp</var> <var>hex-start</var>:<var>hex-bitstring</var> -</pre> - <p>Here is the meaning of each of these elements: - - <dl> -<dt><var>tfmname</var><dd>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>. You can give the same -<var>tfmname</var> on more than one ‘<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>’ line; this is useful when +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%*Font: <var>tfmname</var> <var>scaledbp</var> <var>designbp</var> <var>hex-start</var>:<var>hex-bitstring</var> +</pre></div> + +<p>Here is the meaning of each of these elements: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><var>tfmname</var></dt> +<dd><p>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp>cmr10</samp>. You can give the same +<var>tfmname</var> on more than one ‘<samp>%*Font</samp>’ line; this is useful when the number of characters from the font used needs a longer <var>hex-bitstring</var> (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line. - - <br><dt><var>scaledbp</var><dd>The size at which you are using the font, in PostScript points (TeX -big points). 72<span class="dmn">bp</span> = 72.27<span class="dmn">pt</span> = 1<span class="dmn">in</span>. - - <br><dt><var>designbp</var><dd>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points. This should -match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>. Thus, for <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>, -it should be ‘<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt><var>hex-start</var><dd>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified -as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>’ for -‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt><var>hex-bitstring</var><dd>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which +</p> +</dd> +<dt><var>scaledbp</var></dt> +<dd><p>The size at which you are using the font, in PostScript points (TeX +big points). 72bp = 72.27pt = 1in. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><var>designbp</var></dt> +<dd><p>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points. This should +match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>. Thus, for <samp>cmr10</samp>, +it should be ‘<samp>9.96265</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><var>hex-start</var></dt> +<dd><p>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified +as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., ‘<samp>4b</samp>’ or ‘<samp>4B</samp>’ for +‘<samp>K</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><var>hex-bitstring</var></dt> +<dd><p>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which characters following (and including) <var>hex-start</var> are used. This is treated as a bitmap. For example, if your figure used the single letter -‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’, you would use ‘<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>’ for <var>hex-start</var> and -<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used ‘<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>’, you would use -‘<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>’. - - </dl> +‘<samp>K</samp>’, you would use ‘<samp>4b:8</samp>’ for <var>hex-start</var> and +<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used ‘<samp>KLMNP</samp>’, you would use +‘<samp>4b:f4</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - <p>MetaPost's output figures contain lines like this for bitmap fonts used -in a MetaPost label (see <a href="web2c.html#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>). +<p>MetaPost’s output figures contain lines like this for bitmap fonts used +in a MetaPost label (see <a href="web2c.html#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>). +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Header-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal PS</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript figures</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PostScript-header-files"></a> <h3 class="section">5.2 PostScript header files</h3> -<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-422"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-423"></a> -<dfn>Header files</dfn> are bits of PostScript included in the output file; +<a name="index-header-files_002c-defined"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-header-files"></a> + +<p><em>Header files</em> are bits of PostScript included in the output file; generally they provide support for special features, rather than producing any printed output themselves. You can explicitly request downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve some special effect. - - <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-424"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-425"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-426"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features +</p> +<a name="index-psheaderdir"></a> +<a name="index-_002epro-prologue-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002elpro-long-prologue-files"></a> +<p>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading, handling of -<code>\special</code>'s, and so on. These standard headers are the -<samp><span class="file">.pro</span></samp> files (for “prologue”) in the installation directory -‘<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>’; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (“long +<code>\special</code>’s, and so on. These standard headers are the +<samp>.pro</samp> files (for “prologue”) in the installation directory +‘<samp>$(psheaderdir)</samp>’; they are created from the <samp>.lpro</samp> (“long prologue”) files in the distribution by stripping comments, squeezing blank lines, etc., for maximum efficiency. If you -want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> +want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp>.lpro</samp> version. - - <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-427"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-428"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’ level +</p> +<a name="index-userdict_002c-and-dictionary-files"></a> +<a name="index-dictionary_002c-userdict"></a> +<p>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the ‘<samp>userdict</samp>’ level when header files are included. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX" accesskey="1">Including headers from TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="2">Including headers from the command line</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage" accesskey="3">Headers and memory usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Including-headers-from-TeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Including headers from the command line</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Header files</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Including-headers-from-TeX-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4> -<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-429"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-430"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-431"></a> -<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-432"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or -header file might need to be sent first. The Dvips program provides -support for this with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code>. For instance, -to ensure that <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> gets downloaded: +<a name="index-including-headers-in-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-including-headers-in"></a> -<pre class="example"> \special{header=foo.ps} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-433"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a +<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-TeX"></a> +<p>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or +header file might need to be sent first. The Dvips program provides +support for this with the ‘<samp>header</samp>’ <code>\special</code>. For instance, +to ensure that <samp>foo.ps</samp> gets downloaded: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{header=foo.ps} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files"></a> +<p>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the -printer. If the font isn't used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can't -know you've used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in: - -<pre class="example"> \special{header=putr.pfa} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">to include the font definition file for Adobe Utopia Roman. - - <p>The <code>header</code> also special allows for specifying some additional +printer. If the font isn’t used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can’t +know you’ve used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{header=putr.pfa} +</pre></div> + +<p>to include the font definition file for Adobe Utopia Roman. +</p> +<p>The <code>header</code> also special allows for specifying some additional code that should be inserted into the PostScript document before and after the file itself, as follows: - -<pre class="example"> \special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-434"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-435"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-436"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-437"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code"></a> +<a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code"></a> +<a name="index-pre-code-before-headers"></a> +<a name="index-post-code-after-headers"></a> +<p>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp>foo.ps</samp> and <code>post code</code> just after. It is required to use the (balanced) braces in <em>all</em> of the arguments, including the <code>header</code>, when using this extended syntax. - - <p>This allows, for instance, dynamic headers, where some of the content +</p> +<p>This allows, for instance, dynamic headers, where some of the content depends on settings from the user in (La)TeX. Another application is the inclusion of graphics inside the PostScript header, so that they can be reused throughout the document, as with logs. That avoids including the same graphic several times. This is implemented in the -<samp><span class="file">graphics/graphicx-psmin</span></samp> package. - - <p>This extended syntax has one additional feature. When Dvips finds the -extended syntax, it will also look in the installed <samp><span class="file">tex/</span></samp> -tree(s) for the header file (<samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> in our example), and not +<samp>graphics/graphicx-psmin</samp> package. +</p> +<p>This extended syntax has one additional feature. When Dvips finds the +extended syntax, it will also look in the installed <samp>tex/</samp> +tree(s) for the header file (<samp>foo.ps</samp> in our example), and not only in the current directory and dvips tree as the original syntax does. This is because common graphics may well come with packages -which are installed in the <samp><span class="file">tex/</span></samp> tree. +which are installed in the <samp>tex/</samp> tree. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Including-headers-from-the-command-line"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Headers and memory usage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Including headers from TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Header files</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4> -<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-438"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-439"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-440"></a> -You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your -document (see the previous section). To do this, run Dvips with the -option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>’; this will read the file -<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to -be downloaded with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS. +<a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line"></a> +<a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from"></a> +<a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line"></a> - <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-441"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-442"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-443"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ config file +<p>You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your +document (see the previous section). To do this, run Dvips with the +option ‘<samp>-P <var>header</var></samp>’; this will read the file +<samp>config.<var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to +be downloaded with the ‘<samp>h</samp>’ option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS. +</p> +<a name="index-duplex-printers"></a> +<a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers"></a> +<a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting"></a> +<p>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a ‘<samp>-P</samp>’ config file and the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript -code with a space, leaving only the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ line and any comments +code with a space, leaving only the ‘<samp>h</samp>’ line and any comments starting in the first column. As an example, see -<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/config.*</span></samp> (<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS). +<samp>contrib/volker/config.*</samp> (<samp>contrib/volker/*.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS). (These files also perform useful functions: controlling duplex/simplex mode on duplex printers, and setting various screen frequencies; -<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/README</span></samp> explains further.) +<samp>contrib/volker/README</samp> explains further.) +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Headers-and-memory-usage"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Including headers from the command line</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Header files</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Headers-and-memory-usage-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4> -<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-444"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-445"></a> -<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-446"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-447"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the -output files into “sections” (see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM +<a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage"></a> +<a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers"></a> + +<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory"></a> +<a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of"></a> +<p>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer’s memory by splitting the +output files into “sections” (see the ‘<samp>-i</samp>’ option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM budget by some value. If the header file has, in its leading commentary a line of the form - - <p><a name="index-VMusage-448"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-449"></a> -<pre class="example"> %%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent">then <var>max</var> is used. If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then +</p> +<a name="index-VMusage"></a> +<a name="index-_0025_0025VMusage"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var> +</pre></div> + +<p>then <var>max</var> is used. If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then the size (in bytes) of the header file is used as an approximation. - - <p>Illustrations (figure files) are also checked for <code>%%VMusage</code> line. - -<div class="node"> +If you want a file to be ignored in the sectioning calculations, use +‘<samp>%%VMusage: 0 0</samp>’. +</p> +<p>Illustrations (figure files) are also checked for <code>%%VMusage</code> line. +</p> +<p>Therefore, if your document uses very large fonts or very large +included figures, Dvips might take it upon itself to split the output +into unwanted sections. If this causes problems, the simplest +solution is to use ‘<samp>dvips -Pmaxmem</samp>’, which reads the Dvips file +<samp>config.maxmem</samp>, which sets Dvips’s idea of the memory available +to a very large number. (See the ‘<samp>m</samp>’ item in <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>.) +</p> + +<hr> <a name="Literal-PS"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hypertext</a>, Previous: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Header files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Literal-PostScript"></a> <h3 class="section">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3> -<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-450"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-451"></a> -You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a>: To include inline PostScript code. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>: Inline PostScript without save/restore. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>: Specifying code to run in the PS interpreter. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>: Literal PostScript for the whole document. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a>: Neat example. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<a name="%22-special"></a> +<a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal"></a> + +<p>You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_0022-special" accesskey="1">" special</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">To include inline PostScript code. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="2">ps special</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Inline PostScript without save/restore. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="3">Literal headers</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Literal PostScript for the whole document. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="4">PostScript hooks</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying code to run in the PS interpreter. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Literal-examples" accesskey="5">Literal examples</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Neat example. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="g_t_0022-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="n" rel="next">ps special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="g_t_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript"></a> +<h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4> -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4> +<a name="index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"></a> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-452"></a> -For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript +<p>For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript code can be included. Simply use a <code>\special</code> beginning with a -double quote character ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’; there is no matching closing ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’. - - <p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic: - -<p class="noindent">was created by typing: - -<pre class="example"> \vbox to 100bp{\vss % a bp is the same as a PostScript unit - \special{" newpath 0 0 moveto 100 100 lineto 394 0 lineto - closepath gsave 0.8 setgray fill grestore stroke}} -</pre> - <p>You are responsible for leaving space for such literal graphics, as with +double quote character ‘<samp>"</samp>’; there is no matching closing ‘<samp>"</samp>’. +</p> +<p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic: +</p> + +<p>was created by typing: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\vbox to 100bp{\vss % a bp is the same as a PostScript unit + \special{" newpath 0 0 moveto 100 100 lineto 394 0 lineto + closepath gsave 0.8 setgray fill grestore stroke}} +</pre></div> + +<p>You are responsible for leaving space for such literal graphics, as with the <code>\vbox</code> above. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="ps-special"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal headers</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_0022-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">" special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="ps-special-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 ‘<samp>ps</samp>’ special</h4> -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special</h4> +<a name="index-ps-special"></a> -<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-453"></a> -<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-454"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair, +<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials"></a> +<p>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair, guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the -document. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special, however, allows you to insert literal +document. The ‘<samp>ps</samp>’ special, however, allows you to insert literal PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should -understand what you're doing (and you shouldn't change the PostScript +understand what you’re doing (and you shouldn’t change the PostScript graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences). This command can take many forms because it has had a torturous history; any of the following will work: - -<pre class="example"> \special{ps:<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>} - \special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are -present). ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>’ do no positioning, so they -can be used to continue PostScript literals started with ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>’. - - <p>Literal PostScript instructions after ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[nobreak]</span></samp>’ are +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{ps:<var>text</var>} +\special{ps::<var>text</var>} +\special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>} +\special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>} +\special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>} +</pre></div> + +<p>(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are +present). ‘<samp>ps::</samp>’ and ‘<samp>ps::[end]</samp>’ do no positioning, so they +can be used to continue PostScript literals started with ‘<samp>ps:</samp>’ or +‘<samp>ps::[begin]</samp>’. +</p> +<p>Literal PostScript instructions after ‘<samp>ps::[nobreak]</samp>’ are <em>not</em> broken into lines. This feature may be used to include PostScript comments, for example. - - <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-455"></a>In addition, the variant - -<pre class="example"> \special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-456"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except +</p> +<a name="index-plotfile_002c-ps-subspecial"></a> +<p>In addition, the variant +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-rotate_002etex"></a> +<p>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except for omitting lines that begin with %). An example of the proper use of -literal specials can be found in the file <samp><span class="file">rotate.tex</span></samp>, which makes +literal specials can be found in the file <samp>rotate.tex</samp>, which makes it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Literal-headers"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript hooks</a>, Previous: <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ps special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial"></a> +<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp>!</samp>’ <code>\special</code></h4> -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code></h4> +<a name="index-literal-headers"></a> +<a name="index-SDict-dictionary"></a> -<p><a name="index-literal-headers-457"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-458"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-459"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-460"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document, -for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later. -The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ is copied into +<a name="index-_0021-special-_0028literal-PS-header_0029"></a> +<a name="index-dictionary_002c-SDict"></a> +<p>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document, +for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later. +The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an ‘<samp>!</samp>’ is copied into the output file. A dictionary <code>SDict</code> will be current when this code is executed; Dvips arranges for <code>SDict</code> to be first on the dictionary stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether -literally (the ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ special) or through macros (e.g., -<samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>). +literally (the ‘<samp>"</samp>’ special) or through macros (e.g., +<samp>epsf.tex</samp>). +</p> +<p>For example: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{! /reset { 0 0 moveto} def} +</pre></div> - <p>For example: -<pre class="example"> \special{! /reset { 0 0 moveto} def} -</pre> - <div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="PostScript-hooks"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Literal-examples" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal examples</a>, Previous: <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Literal headers</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PostScript-hooks-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4> -<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-461"></a> -Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your +<a name="index-PostScript-hooks"></a> + +<p>Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the PostScript is printing. - - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-462"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-463"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-464"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-465"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>, +</p> +<a name="index-bop_002dhook-2"></a> +<a name="index-eop_002dhook"></a> +<a name="index-start_002dhook"></a> +<a name="index-end_002dhook"></a> +<p>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>, <code>start-hook</code>, or <code>end-hook</code> are defined in <code>userdict</code>, they will be executed at the beginning of a page, end of a page, start of the document, and end of a document, respectively. - - <p><a name="index-draft-copies-466"></a><a name="index-dated-output-467"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system +</p> +<a name="index-draft-copies"></a> +<a name="index-dated-output"></a> +<p>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system and origin is in effect. Such macros can be defined in headers added by -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>’ option or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>’ special, and might be useful -for writing, for instance, `DRAFT' across the entire page, or, with the +the ‘<samp>-h</samp>’ option or the ‘<samp>header=</samp>’ special, and might be useful +for writing, for instance, ‘DRAFT’ across the entire page, or, with the aid of a shell script, dating the document. These macros are executed outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added information will be lost across section breaks. - - <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-468"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the +</p> +<a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-bop_002dhook"></a> +<p>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the first page gets zero, the second one, etc. <code>bop-hook</code> must leave this number on the stack. None of the other hooks are passed arguments. - - <p>As an example of what can be done, the following special will write -a light grey `DRAFT' across each page in the document: - -<pre class="example"> \special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 200 30 translate - 65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont - 0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-469"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across +</p> +<p>As an example of what can be done, the following special will write +a light grey ‘DRAFT’ across each page in the document: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 200 30 translate +65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont +0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information"></a> +<p>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across pages breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions, -so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ -option to turn off structured comments (such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’). +so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the ‘<samp>-N</samp>’ +option to turn off structured comments (such as ‘<samp>%%Page</samp>’). Otherwise, programs that read your file will assume its pages are independent. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Literal-examples"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript hooks</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Literal-examples-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4> -<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-470"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-471"></a> -To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript -are presented without explanation: +<a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples"></a> +<a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript"></a> -<pre class="example"> \def\rotninety{\special{ps:currentpoint currentpoint translate 90 - rotate neg exch neg exch translate}}\font\huge=cmbx10 at 14.4truept - \setbox0=\hbox to0pt{\huge A\hss}\vskip16truept\centerline{\copy0 - \special{ps:gsave}\rotninety\copy0\rotninety\copy0\rotninety - \box0\special{ps:grestore}}\vskip16truept -</pre> - <pre class="example"> \vbox to 2truein{\special{ps:gsave 0.3 setgray}\hrule height 2in - width\hsize\vskip-2in\special{ps:grestore}\font\big=cminch\big - \vss\special{ps:gsave 1 setgray}\vbox to 0pt{\vskip2pt - \line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}% - \hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-472"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-473"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-474"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is +<p>To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript +are presented without explanation: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\def\rotninety{\special{ps:currentpoint currentpoint translate 90 +rotate neg exch neg exch translate}}\font\huge=cmbx10 at 14.4truept +\setbox0=\hbox to0pt{\huge A\hss}\vskip16truept\centerline{\copy0 +\special{ps:gsave}\rotninety\copy0\rotninety\copy0\rotninety +\box0\special{ps:grestore}}\vskip16truept +</pre></div> + + + +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\vbox to 2truein{\special{ps:gsave 0.3 setgray}\hrule height 2in +width\hsize\vskip-2in\special{ps:grestore}\font\big=cminch\big +\vss\special{ps:gsave 1 setgray}\vbox to 0pt{\vskip2pt +\line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}% +\hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss} +</pre></div> + + +<a name="index-_005crotninety"></a> +<a name="index-gsave_002fgrestore_002c-and-literal-PS"></a> +<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-literal-PS"></a> +<p>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is matched with a <code>grestore</code> on the same page. Do not use <code>save</code> and <code>restore</code>; they can interact with the PostScript generated by Dvips if care is not taken. Try to understand what the above macros are doing before writing your own. The <code>\rotninety</code> macro especially has a useful trick that appears again and again. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Hypertext"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Literal PS</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="HyperTeXt"></a> <h3 class="section">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3> -<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-475"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002dz-476"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-477"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-478"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you -specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’ option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below -will be converted into ‘<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>’ PostScript operators to specify -links. Without ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’, <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored. - - <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-479"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-480"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to +<a name="index-hypertext-support"></a> + +<a name="index-_002dz"></a> +<a name="index-html-specials"></a> +<a name="index-pdfmark"></a> +<p>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you +specify the ‘<samp>-z</samp>’ option, the <samp>html:</samp> specials described below +will be converted into ‘<samp>pdfmark</samp>’ PostScript operators to specify +links. Without ‘<samp>-z</samp>’, <samp>html:</samp> specials are ignored. +</p> +<a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files"></a> +<a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-1"></a> +<p>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to make a PDF file. (It can still be handled by ordinary PostScript interpreters as well.) Various versions of both PC and Unix distillers are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support (see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>). - - <p>Macros you can use in your TeX document to insert the specials in the -first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/support/hypertex</span></samp>. For -CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-481"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-482"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-483"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-484"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-485"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-486"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-487"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was -written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>’ +</p> +<p>Macros you can use in your TeX document to insert the specials in the +first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/support/hypertex</samp>. For +CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<a name="index-http_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi"></a> +<a name="index-http_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex"></a> +<a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark"></a> +<a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy"></a> +<a name="index-Java-DVI-reader"></a> +<a name="index-idvi-Java-DVI-reader"></a> +<a name="index-dvihps_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript"></a> +<p>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was +written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the ‘<samp>dvihps</samp>’ program. You can retrieve their software and additional documentation via the CTAN reference above. You may also be interested in the Java previewer IDVI, available at <a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi">http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</a>, and/or in <a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html</a>, which describes the process of making PDF files from TeX files in more detail. - - <p>Mail archives for the original project are at +</p> +<p>Mail archives for the original project are at <a href="http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/">http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/</a>. +</p> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>: Font quality, missing character psi. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a>: The details on the specials. -</ul> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Hypertext-caveats" accesskey="1">Hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Font quality, missing character psi. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Hypertext-specials" accesskey="2">Hypertext specials</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The details on the specials. +</td></tr> +</table> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Hypertext-caveats"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a> +<hr> +<a name="Hypertext-caveats"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Hypertext-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hypertext specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hypertext</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Hypertext-caveats-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4> -<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-488"></a> -<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-489"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-490"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-491"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-492"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-493"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard +<a name="index-hypertext-caveats"></a> + +<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-hypertext-caveats-1"></a> +<a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality"></a> +<p>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard 35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as bitmaps by default. The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when -dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen. +dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen. Printouts will probably look fine, but may not take full advantage of a high-resolution printer. Alternatively, you can have your fonts embedded as Type 1 scalable outlines. The resulting PostScript files -may be larger, but can be effectively rasterized at any resolution. +may be larger, but can be effectively rasterized at any resolution. They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at any screen or printer resolution. - - <p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts, -add ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’ to the dvips command line switches. The printout +</p> +<p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts, +add ‘<samp>-Ppdf</samp>’ to the dvips command line switches. The printout for a run should look something like this: - -<pre class="smallexample"> dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps - This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) - ' TeX output 2001.06.15:0837' -> report.ps - <tex.pro><alt-rule.pro><texc.pro><texps.pro><special.pro>. - <cmbx9.pfb><cmsy6.pfb><cmsy7.pfb><cmr5.pfb><cmex10.pfb><cmr9.pfb> - <cmmi7.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmmib10.pfb><cmmi10.pfb><cmti10.pfb> - <cmr7.pfb><cmbx10.pfb><cmr10.pfb><cmti9.pfb><cmr12.pfb><cmbx12.pfb> - [1] [2<mean1.ps>] [3<bounce1-00.ps>] [4] -</pre> - <p>An entry like "<cmr10.pfb>" indicates success: dvips found the Computer +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample"> dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps + This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) + ' TeX output 2001.06.15:0837' -> report.ps + <tex.pro><alt-rule.pro><texc.pro><texps.pro><special.pro>. + <cmbx9.pfb><cmsy6.pfb><cmsy7.pfb><cmr5.pfb><cmex10.pfb><cmr9.pfb> + <cmmi7.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmmib10.pfb><cmmi10.pfb><cmti10.pfb> + <cmr7.pfb><cmbx10.pfb><cmr10.pfb><cmti9.pfb><cmr12.pfb><cmbx12.pfb> + [1] [2<mean1.ps>] [3<bounce1-00.ps>] [4] +</pre></div> + +<p>An entry like "<cmr10.pfb>" indicates success: dvips found the Computer Modern Roman 10 point font in a PostScript Font Binary file, translated it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it. You can confirm this by examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section starting <code>%%BeginFont: CMR10</code> followed by an entry <code>/FontType 1 def</code>. - - <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’ option requires that the relevant outline -(<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). For example, the <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp> file might be in -<samp><span class="file">/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</span></samp>. Your TeX +</p> +<p>The ‘<samp>-Ppdf</samp>’ option requires that the relevant outline +(<samp>.pfa</samp> or <samp>.pfb</samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). For example, the <samp>cmr10</samp> file might be in +<samp>/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</samp>. Your TeX distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional package (e.g., <code>tetex-extra</code> in Debian). Failing that, commercial versions of the Computer Modern fonts are available from Blue Sky; public domain versions - in particular, the lm fonts, and the cm-super fonts, are available from CTAN sites (for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - - <p>You can convert a PostScript file to PDF using <code>distill</code>, which +see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<p>You can convert a PostScript file to PDF using <code>distill</code>, which comes with Adobe Acrobat, or <code>ps2pdf</code>, which comes with Ghostscript. The <code>ps2pdf</code> that comes with <code>Ghostscript</code> version 6.0 or earlier will not embed Type 1 fonts. Current -recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0. +recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0. You can check the fonts in a PDF file with Acrobat Reader by selecting -the menu entries ‘<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-494"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-495"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-496"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters +the menu entries ‘<samp>File|Document Info|Fonts</samp>’. +</p> +<a name="index-psi-character-missing"></a> +<a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped"></a> +<a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing"></a> +<p>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters (character code 32) from strings. Unfortunately, the PostScript fonts use this character code for characters other than space (notably the Greek letter psi in the <code>Symbol</code> font), and so these characters are dropped. This bug is fixed in version 2.1. - - <p>If you can't upgrade, One workaround is to change all the trailing -blanks in strings to a character code that isn't in the font. This works +</p> +<p>If you can’t upgrade, One workaround is to change all the trailing +blanks in strings to a character code that isn’t in the font. This works because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally -replace ‘<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>’ with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>’ (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and +replace ‘<samp> )</samp>’ with ‘<samp>\200)</samp>’ (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and get the desired result. With the public domain fonts, you will probably have to use a character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts duplicate the first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS problems. - - <p>For more information on the use of TeX to produce PDF files, see the +</p> +<p>For more information on the use of TeX to produce PDF files, see the article “Creating quality Adobe PDF files from TeX with DVIPS” by Kendall Whitehouse of Adobe. Adobe seems not to offer the article any more, but copies are available elsewhere: -<pre class="display"> <a href="http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html">http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html</a> - <a href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html">http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html</a> -</pre> - <p>You may also want to check “Notes on converting (La)TeX documents -to robust PDF using Rokicki's dvips and Acrobat Distiller” by Timothy +</p><div class="display"> +<pre class="display"><a href="http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html">http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html</a> +<a href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html">http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html</a> +</pre></div> + +<p>You may also want to check “Notes on converting (La)TeX documents +to robust PDF using Rokicki’s dvips and Acrobat Distiller” by Timothy P. Van Zandt:<br> <a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html</a>. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Hypertext-specials"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hypertext caveats</a>, Up: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hypertext</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Hypertext-specials-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4> -<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-497"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-498"></a> -<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-499"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not +<a name="index-hypertext-specials"></a> +<a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext"></a> + +<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur"></a> +<p>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not involve modifying TeX itself. We need only define some specials; Arthur Smith (<a href="mailto:apsmith@aps.org">apsmith@aps.org</a>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following: -<pre class="example"> html:<a href="<var>xurl</var>"> - html:<a name="<var>name</var>"> - html:</a> - html:<img src="<var>xurl</var>"> - html:<base href="<var>xurl</var>"> -</pre> - <p>Like all TeX <code>\special</code>'s, these produce no visible output, and +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">html:<a href="<var>xurl</var>"> +html:<a name="<var>name</var>"> +html:</a> +html:<img src="<var>xurl</var>"> +html:<base href="<var>xurl</var>"> +</pre></div> + +<p>Like all TeX <code>\special</code>’s, these produce no visible output, and are uninterpreted by TeX itself. They are instructions to DVI processors only. - - <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-500"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-501"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-502"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-503"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL), -possibly extended with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>’ construct, -where <var>type</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>’ (for bibliographic references), ‘<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>’, etc. For example, -<pre class="smallexample"> \special{html:<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1">} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy. - - <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-504"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a> -for a precise description of base URL's. - - <p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>'s: - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>’<a name="index-href-505"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-506"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example: - <pre class="example"> \special{html:<a href="http://www.tug.org/">}\TeX\ Users - Group\special{html:</a>} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The user will be able to click on the text `TeX Users -Group' while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page. (By the way, +</p> +<a name="index-uniform-resource-locator"></a> +<a name="index-extended-URL"></a> +<a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim"></a> +<p>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL), +possibly extended with a ‘<samp>#<var>type</var>.<var>string</var></samp>’ construct, +where <var>type</var> is ‘<samp>page</samp>’, ‘<samp>section</samp>’, ‘<samp>equation</samp>’, +‘<samp>reference</samp>’ (for bibliographic references), ‘<samp>figure</samp>’, +‘<samp>table</samp>’, etc. For example, +</p><div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">\special{html:<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1">} +</pre></div> +<p>is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy. +</p> +<a name="index-URL_002c-definition"></a> +<p>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a> +for a precise description of base URL’s. +</p> +<p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>’s: +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>href</samp>’ +<a name="index-href"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext"></a> +<p>Creates links in your TeX document. For example: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{html:<a href="http://www.tug.org/">}\TeX\ Users +Group\special{html:</a>} +</pre></div> +<p>The user will be able to click on the text ‘TeX Users +Group’ while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page. (By the way, this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use macros to insert the <code>\special</code> commands; reference above.) - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>’<a name="index-name-507"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-508"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>name</samp>’ +<a name="index-name"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie"></a> +<p>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be resolved. For example: - <pre class="example"> \special{html:<a name="paradise">}Paradise\special{html:</a>} - is exactly where you are right now. -</pre> - <p>This will resolve an ‘<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>’. You'll also have to -change the catcode of ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’, etc. It's usually easiest to use +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{html:<a name="paradise">}Paradise\special{html:</a>} +is exactly where you are right now. +</pre></div> +<p>This will resolve an ‘<samp>href="#paradise"</samp>’. You’ll also have to +change the catcode of ‘<samp>#</samp>’, etc. It’s usually easiest to use existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as -<samp><span class="file">hyperref</span></samp> for LaTeX. The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>’<a name="index-img-509"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-510"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned -to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp><span class="file">mailcap</span></samp> +<samp>hyperref</samp> for LaTeX. The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>img</samp>’ +<a name="index-img"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-mailcap-and-hypertext"></a> +<p>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned +to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp>mailcap</samp> file (see the Xdvi documentation). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’<a name="index-base-511"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>base</samp>’ +<a name="index-base"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets. Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by -default. +default. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’ tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or +<p>The ‘<samp>img</samp>’ and ‘<samp>base</samp>’ tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="PostScript-fonts"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color">Color</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interaction with PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PostScript-fonts-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">6 PostScript fonts</h2> -<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-512"></a> -Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents. To use +<a name="index-PostScript-fonts"></a> + +<p>Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents. To use a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps with that. - - <p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts -(‘<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>’ through ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>’), plus other freely -or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips. +</p> +<p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts +(‘<samp>AvantGarde-Book</samp>’ through ‘<samp>ZapfDingbats</samp>’), plus other freely +or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips. To use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the installation procedure (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). This chapter is therefore relevant only if you are installing new PostScript fonts not -supplied with Dvips. (Or if you're curious.) - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>: Metrics, glyphs, virtual fonts, and encodings. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>: Installing and using a PostScript font. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>: Creating TFM and AFM files for a virtual font. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>: Defining available PostScript fonts. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +supplied with Dvips. (Or if you’re curious.) +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="1">Font concepts</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Metrics, glyphs, virtual fonts, and encodings. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="2">Making a font available</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Installing and using a PostScript font. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="3">Invoking afm2tfm</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating TFM and AFM files for a virtual font. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#psfonts_002emap" accesskey="4">psfonts.map</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Defining available PostScript fonts. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Font-concepts"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making a font available</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Font-concepts-1"></a> <h3 class="section">6.1 Font concepts</h3> -<p><a name="index-font-concepts-513"></a> -The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained -in two files: a <dfn>metric file</dfn> that contains shape-independent -information and a <dfn>glyph file</dfn> that contains the actual shapes of -the font's characters. A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is an optional additional +<a name="index-font-concepts"></a> + +<p>The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained +in two files: a <em>metric file</em> that contains shape-independent +information and a <em>glyph file</em> that contains the actual shapes of +the font’s characters. A <em>virtual font</em> is an optional additional file that can specify special ways to construct the characters. TeX itself (or LaTeX) look only at the metric file, but DVI drivers such as Dvips look at all three of these files. - - <p>An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> defines the correspondence between the code +</p> +<p>An <em>encoding file</em> defines the correspondence between the code numbers of the characters in a font and their descriptive names. Two encoding files used together can describe a reencoding that rearranges, i.e., renumbers, the characters of a font. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>: Shape-independent font information. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>: Character shapes. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>: Constructing one font from others. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>: Character codes and character names. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a>: How PostScript typesets a character. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Metric-files" accesskey="1">Metric files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Shape-independent font information. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="2">Glyph files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Character shapes. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="3">Virtual fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Constructing one font from others. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="4">Encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Character codes and character names. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#PostScript-typesetting" accesskey="5">PostScript typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How PostScript typesets a character. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Metric-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glyph files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Metric-files-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Metric files</h4> -<p><a name="index-metric-files-514"></a> -A <dfn>metric file</dfn> describes properties of the font that are +<a name="index-metric-files"></a> + +<p>A <em>metric file</em> describes properties of the font that are independent of what the characters actually look like. Aside from general information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds of information: information about individual characters, organized by character code, and information about sequences of characters. - - <p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and +</p> +<p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and italic correction of each character in the font. Any might be zero. - - <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-515"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-516"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file -specifies <dfn>kerning</dfn>, i.e., adding or removing space between -particular character pairs. It further specifies <dfn>ligature</dfn> +</p> +<a name="index-kerning_002c-defined"></a> +<a name="index-ligature_002c-defined"></a> +<p>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file +specifies <em>kerning</em>, i.e., adding or removing space between +particular character pairs. It further specifies <em>ligature</em> information: when a sequence of input characters should be typeset as a -single (presumably different) “ligature” character. For example, it's -traditional for the input ‘<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>’ to be typeset as `fi', not as -`<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>' (with the dot of the `i' colliding with `f'). (In English, +single (presumably different) “ligature” character. For example, it’s +traditional for the input ‘<samp>fi</samp>’ to be typeset as ‘fi’, not as +‘<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>’ (with the dot of the ‘i’ colliding with ‘f’). (In English, the only common ligatures are fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.) - - <p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats: - - <ul> -<li><a name="index-afm-files-517"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-518"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>’) +</p> +<p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats: +</p> +<ul> +<li> <a name="index-afm-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002eafm-Adobe-metric-files"></a> +Each Postscript font has an <em>Adobe font metrics</em> (‘<samp>.afm</samp>’) file. These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily. You -can get AFM files for Adobe's fonts from +can get AFM files for Adobe’s fonts from <a href="ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs">ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs</a>. - <li><a name="index-tfm-files-519"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-520"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’) files. When you say -‘<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>’ in your TeX document, TeX reads a file -named ‘<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’. (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> -feature; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>). TeX can then +</li><li> <a name="index-tfm-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002etfm-TeX-font-metric-files"></a> +TeX uses <em>TeX font metrics</em> (‘<samp>.tfm</samp>’) files. When you say +‘<samp>\font = <var>font</var></samp>’ in your TeX document, TeX reads a file +named ‘<samp><var>font</var>.tfm</samp>’. (Well, except for the <samp>texfonts.map</samp> +feature; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). TeX can then calculate the space occupied by characters from the font when typesetting. In addition, the DVI drivers you use to print or view the DVI file produced by TeX may need to look at the TFM file. - <p><a name="index-property-list-files-521"></a><a name="index-tftopl-522"></a><a name="index-pltotf-523"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-524"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM -files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM -file into a human-readable “property list” (‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’) file. You can +<a name="index-property-list-files"></a> +<a name="index-tftopl"></a> +<a name="index-pltotf"></a> +<a name="index-_002epl-property-list-files"></a> +<p>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM +files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl +invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM +file into a human-readable “property list” (‘<samp>.pl</samp>’) file. You can also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM with -the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>). Editing metrics by hand is not something you're likely to want +the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>). Editing metrics by hand is not something you’re likely to want to do often, but the capability is there. - - <li><a name="index-pfm-files-525"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-526"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn> -(‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>’) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the +</p> +</li><li> <a name="index-pfm-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002epfm-printer-font-metric-files"></a> +ATM and other typesetting systems use <em>printer font metric</em> +(‘<samp>.pfm</samp>’) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them further. - </ul> +</li></ul> - <p>The Afm2tfm program distributed with Dvips converts an AFM file -to a TFM file and performs other useful transformations as well. +<p>The Afm2tfm program distributed with Dvips converts an AFM file +to a TFM file and performs other useful transformations as well. See <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Glyph-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Virtual fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Metric-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Metric files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Glyph-files-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4> -<p><a name="index-glyph-files-527"></a> -Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information +<a name="index-glyph-files"></a> + +<p>Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75, say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75 actually looks like. The glyphs—the actual shapes of the letterforms -in a font—are defined by other files, which we call glyph files. +in a font—are defined by other files, which we call glyph files. TeX itself only reads the TFM file for a font; it does not need to know character shapes. - - <p>A <dfn>glyph file</dfn> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters +</p> +<p>A <em>glyph file</em> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters in a font. The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps. - - <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-528"></a><a name="index-arcs-529"></a><a name="index-splines-530"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in +</p> +<a name="index-outline-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-arcs"></a> +<a name="index-splines"></a> +<p>PostScript fonts are defined as <em>outline fonts</em>: Each character in the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and splines) that define its contours. Different sizes of a character are generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point -`A' is simply half the size of a 20-point `A'. Nowadays, outline fonts -usually also contain <dfn>hints</dfn>—additional information to improve the +‘A’ is simply half the size of a 20-point ‘A’. Nowadays, outline fonts +usually also contain <em>hints</em>—additional information to improve the appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions. - - <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-531"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-532"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-533"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-534"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-535"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the -most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <dfn>Type 1</dfn>. +</p> +<a name="index-Type-1-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-pfa-files"></a> +<a name="index-pfb-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002epfa-printer-font-ascii-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002epfb-printer-font-binary-files"></a> +<p>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the +most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <em>Type 1</em>. The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending -in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ (“printer font ASCII”) or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’ (“printer font +in ‘<samp>.pfa</samp>’ (“printer font ASCII”) or ‘<samp>.pfb</samp>’ (“printer font binary”). - - <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-536"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-537"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-538"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard -TeX fonts are <dfn>bitmap fonts</dfn>, generated from Metafont -(‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’) descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX +</p> +<a name="index-bitmap-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-_002emf-Metafont-source-files"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-source-files"></a> +<p>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard +TeX fonts are <em>bitmap fonts</em>, generated from Metafont +(‘<samp>.mf</samp>’) descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX generates bitmaps from these descriptions. - - <p><a name="index-pk-files-539"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-540"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in -<dfn>packed font</dfn> (PK) files. The names of these files end in -‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in -dots per inch. For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> contains the bitmaps for -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’ font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. (On DOS -filesystems, it's more likely <samp><span class="file">dpi600\cmr10.pk</span></samp>.) - - <p><a name="index-gf-files-541"></a><a name="index-gftopk-542"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g., -<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately +</p> +<a name="index-pk-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002ennnpk-packed-font-bitmaps"></a> +<p>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in +<em>packed font</em> (PK) files. The names of these files end in +‘<samp>.<var>nnn</var>pk</samp>’, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in +dots per inch. For example, <samp>cmr10.600pk</samp> contains the bitmaps for +the ‘<samp>cmr10</samp>’ font at a resolution of 600dpi. (On DOS +filesystems, it’s more likely <samp>dpi600\cmr10.pk</samp>.) +</p> +<a name="index-gf-files"></a> +<a name="index-gftopk"></a> +<p>Metafont actually outputs <em>generic font</em> (GF) files, e.g., +<samp>cmr10.600gf</samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately to PK format (using the <code>gftopk</code> utility that comes with TeX) since PK files are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF format is a historical artifact.) +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Virtual-fonts"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Glyph files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Virtual-fonts-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4> -<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-543"></a> -A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is constructed by extracting characters from one or +<a name="index-virtual-fonts"></a> + +<p>A <em>virtual font</em> is constructed by extracting characters from one or more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters in various ways. The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice for understanding enough about virtual fonts to use them with Dvips. It -isn't a reference manual on virtual fonts. For more information: The +isn’t a reference manual on virtual fonts. For more information: The primary document on virtual fonts is Donald E. Knuth, <cite>TUGboat</cite> 11(1), Apr. 1990, pp. 13–23, “Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand -Wizards” (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/info/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>; for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). (Don't be intimidated by +Wizards” (<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/info/virtual-fonts.knuth</samp>; for CTAN info, +see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). (Don’t be intimidated by the subtitle.) - - <p><a name="index-vf-files-544"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-545"></a>A virtual font (‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’) file specifies, for each character in the +</p> +<a name="index-vf-files"></a> +<a name="index-vpl-files"></a> +<p>A virtual font (‘<samp>.vf</samp>’) file specifies, for each character in the virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character. A VF file, like a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format. The <code>vftovp</code> and <code>vptovf</code> programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL -(virtual property list) format and back again. See <a href="web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>. - - <p><a name="index-base-fonts-546"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward +(virtual property list) format and back again. See <a href="web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp +invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>, and <a href="web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>. +</p> +<a name="index-base-fonts"></a> +<p>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward way, the recipe says: character <var>i</var> in the VF font is character -<var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>. The font <var>f</var> is called a <dfn>base font</dfn>. +<var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>. The font <var>f</var> is called a <em>base font</em>. For example, the VF file could remap the characters of the PostScript -font to the positions where TeX expects to find them. +font to the positions where TeX expects to find them. See <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>. - - <p>Since TeX reads only TFM files, not VF's, each VF must have a +</p> +<p>Since TeX reads only TFM files, not VF’s, each VF must have a corresponding TFM for use with TeX. This corresponding TFM is created when you run <code>vptovf</code>. - - <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-547"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-548"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy -(see <a href="web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>). This is useful if you are -using a DVI translator that doesn't understand vf's itself. - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-virtual-font-expansion"></a> +<p>You can <em>expand</em> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy +(see <a href="web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>). This is useful if you are +using a DVI translator that doesn’t understand vf’s itself. +</p> + +<hr> <a name="Encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript typesetting</a>, Previous: <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Virtual fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Encodings-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 Encodings</h4> -<p><a name="index-encodings-549"></a> -Every font, whatever its type, has an <dfn>encoding</dfn>, that specifies the +<a name="index-encodings"></a> + +<p>Every font, whatever its type, has an <em>encoding</em>, that specifies the correspondence between “logical” characters and character codes. For example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65 -(decimal) is an uppercase `A'. The encoding does not specify what the +(decimal) is an uppercase ‘A’. The encoding does not specify what the character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an -`A', and a glyph file (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) tells how. Nor does it +‘A’, and a glyph file (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) tells how. Nor does it specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a metric file (see <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>). - - <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-550"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use +</p> +<a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of"></a> +<p>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use with it. For example, the plain TeX macro <code>\'</code>, which typesets an acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is at position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX fonts such as Computer Modern, as you might expect, but it is not true of normal PostScript fonts. - - <p>It's possible but painful to change all the macros that assume +</p> +<p>It’s possible but painful to change all the macros that assume particular character positions. A better solution is to create a new font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where TeX expects it to be. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>. +</p> +<a name="index-PostScript-encoding"></a> +<a name="index-encoding-files"></a> +<a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined"></a> - <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-551"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-552"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-553"></a> -PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names -called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>. An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’) +<p>PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names +called an <em>encoding vector</em>. An <em>encoding file</em> (‘<samp>.enc</samp>’) gives such a vector, together with ligature and kerning information (with which we are not concerned at the moment). These encoding files are used by the Afm2tfm program. Encoding files are also downloaded to the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font. - - <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-554"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-555"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-556"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-557"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-558"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-559"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes +</p> +<a name="index-dvips_002eenc"></a> +<a name="index-8r_002eenc"></a> +<a name="index-texmext_002eenc"></a> +<a name="index-texmital_002eenc"></a> +<a name="index-texmsym_002eenc"></a> +<a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc"></a> +<p>Examples of encodings: the <samp>dvips.enc</samp> encoding file that comes with the Fontname distribution (<a href="http://tug.org/fontname">http://tug.org/fontname</a>) is a good (but not perfect) approximation to the TeX encoding for -TeX's Computer Modern text fonts. This is the encoding of the -fonts that originated with Dvips, such as <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>. The +TeX’s Computer Modern text fonts. This is the encoding of the +fonts that originated with Dvips, such as <samp>ptmr.tfm</samp>. The distribution includes many other encoding files; for example, -<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp>, which is the base font for the current PostScript font +<samp>8r.enc</samp>, which is the base font for the current PostScript font distribution, and three corresponding to the TeX mathematics fonts: -<samp><span class="file">texmext.enc</span></samp> for math extensions, <samp><span class="file">texmital.enc</span></samp> for math -italics, and <samp><span class="file">texmsym.enc</span></samp> for math symbols. +<samp>texmext.enc</samp> for math extensions, <samp>texmital.enc</samp> for math +italics, and <samp>texmsym.enc</samp> for math symbols. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="PostScript-typesetting"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="How-PostScript-typesets-a-character"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</h4> -<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-560"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-561"></a> -The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that +<a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript"></a> + +<p>The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset your document by transforming it into toner on paper. Your printer, in turn, contains a PostScript interpreter that carries out the instructions in this typesetting program. - - <p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you +</p> +<p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you use in your document. Fonts built into your printer (probably the -standard 35: ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>) are +standard 35: ‘<samp>Times-Roman</samp>’, ‘<samp>ZapfDingbats</samp>’, …) are defined within the interpreter itself. Other fonts must be downloaded as pfa or pfb files (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) from your host (the computer -on which you're running Dvips). - - <p>You may be wondering exactly how a PostScript interpreter figures out +on which you’re running Dvips). +</p> +<p>You may be wondering exactly how a PostScript interpreter figures out what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings, -and other information. (If you're not wondering, skip this section -<small class="dots">...</small>) - - <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-562"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is -<code>show</code>. Suppose you've asked TeX to typeset an `S'. This will +and other information. (If you’re not wondering, skip this section +…) +</p> +<a name="index-show-PostScript-operator"></a> +<p>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is +<code>show</code>. Suppose you’ve asked TeX to typeset an ‘S’. This will eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this PostScript operation: - -<pre class="example"> (S) show -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Here is how PostScript typesets the `S': - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-563"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">(S) show +</pre></div> + +<p>Here is how PostScript typesets the ‘S’: +</p> +<ol> +<li> <a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript"></a> +PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore ‘S’ is represented as the integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable in a standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.) - <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-564"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-565"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values. +</li><li> <a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language"></a> +A PostScript <em>dictionary</em> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values. A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which contains entries for certain names. (If these entries are missing, the interpreter refuses to do anything with that font.) - <p>PostScript has a notion of “the current font”—whatever font is +<p>PostScript has a notion of “the current font”—whatever font is currently being typeset in. - - <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-566"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-567"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>’, -which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font. +</p> +</li><li> <a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-Encoding-Type-1-dictionary"></a> +One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is ‘<samp>Encoding</samp>’, +which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font. This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character to a name. - <li>The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding +</li><li> The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding vector. This value is a PostScript name: <code>/S</code>. - <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-568"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-569"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the +</li><li> <a name="index-CharStrings-Type-1-dictionary"></a> +<a name="index-dictionary_002c-CharStrings"></a> +For Type 1 fonts (we’re not going to discuss anything else), the interpreter now looks up <code>/S</code> as a key in a dictionary named <code>CharStrings</code>, another mandatory entry in a font dictionary. - <li><a name="index-hints-570"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-571"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a -series of standard PostScript commands like ‘<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’, and so on. These commands are executed to -draw the character. There can also be <dfn>hint information</dfn> that helps -adapt the character to low-resolution rasters. (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.) +</li><li> <a name="index-hints"></a> +<a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript"></a> +The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a +series of standard PostScript commands like ‘<samp>curveto</samp>’, +‘<samp>lineto</samp>’, ‘<samp>fill</samp>’, and so on. These commands are executed to +draw the character. There can also be <em>hint information</em> that helps +adapt the character to low-resolution rasters. (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.) The commands are actually represented in a more compact way than standard PostScript source; see the Type 1 book for details. - </ol> +</li></ol> - <p>This method for typesetting characters is used in both Level 1 and Level +<p>This method for typesetting characters is used in both Level 1 and Level 2 PostScript. See the PostScript reference manuals for more information. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Making-a-font-available"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font concepts</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Making-a-PostScript-font-available"></a> <h3 class="section">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3> -<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-572"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-573"></a> -To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to -install the font on your system and then define it within the document. +<a name="index-installing-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-installing"></a> + +<p>To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to +install the font on your system and then define it within the document. Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any -document thereafter and you don't need to reinstall it. You must have +document thereafter and you don’t need to reinstall it. You must have an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file. - - <p>In the following examples, we use the font ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ to +</p> +<p>In the following examples, we use the font ‘<samp>Times-Roman</samp>’ to illustrate the process. But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them. The prebuilt fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described @@ -3193,504 +4181,619 @@ here, to make them work as well as possible with TeX. So following the steps in this manual will not generate files identical to the distributed ones. See <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, for pointers to the prebuilt fonts. - - <p>Installation of a PostScript font proceeds in three steps. See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, for descriptions of the various files involved. - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font, +</p> +<p>Installation of a PostScript font proceeds in three steps. See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, for descriptions of the various files involved. +</p> +<ol> +<li> Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font, and the VPL form of the virtual font: - <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr -</pre> - <li>Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font -from the VPL file: - <pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm -</pre> - <li>Insert an entry for the font in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): - <pre class="example"> rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa -</pre> - <li>Install the files in the standard locations, as in: - <pre class="example"> cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/... - cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/... - cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/... - cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/... -</pre> - </ol> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr +</pre></div> - <p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something +</li><li> Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font +from the VPL file: +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm +</pre></div> + +</li><li> Insert an entry for the font in <samp>psfonts.map</samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa +</pre></div> + +</li><li> Install the files in the standard locations, as in: +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/… +cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/… +cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/… +cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/… +</pre></div> +</li></ol> + +<p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something like this: - - <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-574"></a> -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This reads the file <samp><span class="file">Times-Roman.afm</span></samp>, and produces two files as -output, namely the virtual property list'file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp>, and the -“raw” font metric file <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp>. To use the font in TeX, +</p> +<a name="index-afm2tfm"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr +</pre></div> + +<p>This reads the file <samp>Times-Roman.afm</samp>, and produces two files as +output, namely the virtual property list’file <samp>ptmr.vpl</samp>, and the +“raw” font metric file <samp>rptmr.tfm</samp>. To use the font in TeX, you first run - - <p><a name="index-vptovf-575"></a> -<pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm -</pre> - <p class="noindent">You should then install the virtual font file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vf</span></samp> where Dvips -will see it and install <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp> where +</p> +<a name="index-vptovf"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm +</pre></div> + +<p>You should then install the virtual font file <samp>ptmr.vf</samp> where Dvips +will see it and install <samp>ptmr.tfm</samp> and <samp>rptmr.tfm</samp> where TeX and Dvips will see them. - - <p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the +</p> +<p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips. But -nevertheless, that's how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that's what we -document here. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ prefix convention is likewise historical +nevertheless, that’s how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that’s what we +document here. The ‘<samp>r</samp>’ prefix convention is likewise historical accident. - - <p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp> -before running ‘<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>’; such editing might add the uppercase Greek +</p> +<p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp>ptmr.vpl</samp> +before running ‘<samp>vptovf</samp>’; such editing might add the uppercase Greek characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance. (This has already been done for the prebuilt fonts.) - - <p>Once the files have been installed, you're all set. You can now do +</p> +<p>Once the files have been installed, you’re all set. You can now do things like this in TeX: -<pre class="example"> \font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt - \myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman. -</pre> - <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (‘<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>’, which is analogous to -the font in the printer) and one virtual (‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’, which has been +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt +\myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman. +</pre></div> + +<p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (‘<samp>rptmr</samp>’, which is analogous to +the font in the printer) and one virtual (‘<samp>ptmr</samp>’, which has been remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting know-how added. You could also say +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\font\raw = rptmr at 10pt +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \font\raw = rptmr at 10pt -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or +<p>and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special letters like -The virtual font ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’ not only has ligatures and kerning, and +The virtual font ‘<samp>ptmr</samp>’ not only has ligatures and kerning, and most of the standard accent conventions of TeX, it also has a few additional features not present in the Computer Modern fonts. For example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such as the Polish ogonek and the French guillemots). The only things you lose from ordinary -TeX text fonts are the dotless `j' (which can be hacked into the VPL +TeX text fonts are the dotless ‘j’ (which can be hacked into the VPL file with literal PostScript specials if you have the patience) and -uppercase Greek letters (which just don't exist unless you buy them +uppercase Greek letters (which just don’t exist unless you buy them separately). See <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>. - - <p>As a final step you need to record information about both the virtual +</p> +<p>As a final step you need to record information about both the virtual font and the original font (if you ever might want to use it) in the -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). For our example, you'd -insert the following into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: -<pre class="example"> rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Of course, <code>Times-Roman</code> is already built in to most every -printer, so there's no need to download any Type 1 file for it. But if +<samp>psfonts.map</samp> file (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). For our example, you’d +insert the following into <samp>psfonts.map</samp>: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa +</pre></div> + +<p>Of course, <code>Times-Roman</code> is already built in to most every +printer, so there’s no need to download any Type 1 file for it. But if you are actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely they are not built in to the printer. - - <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-576"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-577"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using -PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer's +</p> +<a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts"></a> +<p>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using +PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer’s memory and it does take time. You may find downloading bitmap fonts -(possibly compressed, with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>’ option) to be faster than using +(possibly compressed, with the ‘<samp>Z</samp>’ option) to be faster than using the built-in PostScript fonts. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Invoking-afm2tfm"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#psfonts_002emap" accesskey="n" rel="next">psfonts.map</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Making a font available</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Invoking-Afm2tfm"></a> <h3 class="section">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3> -<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-578"></a> -The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM +<a name="index-afm2tfm-1"></a> + +<p>The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself). The results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options. You can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font. - - <p><a name="index-fontinst-579"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-580"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-581"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's +</p> +<a name="index-fontinst"></a> +<a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating"></a> +<a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan"></a> +<p>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey’s <code>fontinst</code> program, available from -<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp> (for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>: Reencoding with -t, -p, -T. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>: Oblique fonts, small caps, and such. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a>: afm2tfm command-line options. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +<samp><var>CTAN:</var>fonts/utilities/fontinst</samp> (for CTAN info, +see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="1">Changing font encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Reencoding with -t, -p, -T. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="2">Special font effects</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Oblique fonts, small caps, and such. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Afm2tfm-options" accesskey="3">Afm2tfm options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">afm2tfm command-line options. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Changing-font-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special font effects</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking afm2tfm</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Changing-font-encodings-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4> -<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-582"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-583"></a> -Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font -(for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The -‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option changes the TeX encoding, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ changes the -PostScript encoding, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ changes both simultaneously, as -detailed in the sections below. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a>: Where TeX finds a character. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>: Where PostScript finds a character. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>: One and the same, simultaneously. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>: Problems with the default encoding. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a>: Syntax of an encoding file. -</ul> +<a name="index-encoding-changes"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of"></a> -<div class="node"> +<p>Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font +(for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The +‘<samp>-t</samp>’ option changes the TeX encoding, ‘<samp>-p</samp>’ changes the +PostScript encoding, and ‘<samp>-T</samp>’ changes both simultaneously, as +detailed in the sections below. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings" accesskey="1">Changing TeX encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Where TeX finds a character. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="2">Changing PostScript encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Where PostScript finds a character. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="3">Changing both encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">One and the same, simultaneously. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="4">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Problems with the default encoding. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Encoding-file-format" accesskey="5">Encoding file format</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Syntax of an encoding file. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Changing-TeX-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="g_t_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp>-t</samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</h5> +<a name="index-changing-TeX-encodings"></a> +<a name="index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing"></a> -<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-584"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-585"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-586"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font -with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>’. (‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ is ignored if neither -‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ nor ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ is present.) Any ligature and kerning +<a name="index-_002dt-tex_002denc"></a> +<p>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the ‘<samp>-v</samp>’ or +‘<samp>-V</samp>’ option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font +with ‘<samp>-t <var>tex-enc</var></samp>’. (‘<samp>-t</samp>’ is ignored if neither +‘<samp>-v</samp>’ nor ‘<samp>-V</samp>’ is present.) Any ligature and kerning information you specify in <var>tex-enc</var> will be used in the VPL, in addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file. - - <p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>, +</p> +<p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>, that character will be omitted from the output VPL. - - <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-587"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript +</p> +<a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-1"></a> +<p>The ‘<samp>-t</samp>’ option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such as Computer Modern. For instance, if you have a PostScript font that -contains math symbols, you'd probably want to use the encoding in the -<samp><span class="file">texmsym.enc</span></samp> file supplied with Dvips. (For a start; to actually +contains math symbols, you’d probably want to use the encoding in the +<samp>texmsym.enc</samp> file supplied with Dvips. (For a start; to actually get usable math fonts, you have to define much more than just an encoding.) +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Changing-PostScript-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Changing both encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing TeX encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="g_t_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp>-p</samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</h5> +<a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing"></a> +<a name="index-_002dp-ps_002denc"></a> -<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-588"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-589"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-590"></a> -By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file. You can -specify a different PostScript encoding with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>’. +<p>By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file. You can +specify a different PostScript encoding with ‘<samp>-p <var>ps-enc</var></samp>’. This makes the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the encoding specified in the encoding file <var>ps-enc</var>. Any ligature or kern information specified in <var>ps-enc</var> is ignored by Afm2tfm, since ligkern info is always omitted from the raw TFM. - - <p>If you use this option, you must also arrange to download <var>ps-enc</var> +</p> +<p>If you use this option, you must also arrange to download <var>ps-enc</var> as part of any document that uses this font. You do this by adding a -line like the following one to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): -<pre class="example"> zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" <myenc.enc -</pre> - <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-591"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-592"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-593"></a>Using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ is the only way to access characters in a PostScript +line like the following one to <samp>psfonts.map</samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" <myenc.enc +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-trademark-character_002c-accessing"></a> +<a name="index-registered-character_002c-accessing"></a> +<a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing"></a> +<p>Using ‘<samp>-p</samp>’ is the only way to access characters in a PostScript font that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other -characters. For instance, Adobe's ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ font contains the -extra characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>’ (among others); +characters. For instance, Adobe’s ‘<samp>Times-Roman</samp>’ font contains the +extra characters ‘<samp>trademark</samp>’ and ‘<samp>registered</samp>’ (among others); these can only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding. - - <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-594"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font +</p> +<a name="index-8r-encoding_002c-and-extra-characters"></a> +<p>The ‘8r’ base encoding used for the current PostScript font distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Changing-both-encodings"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="g_t_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp>-T</samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5> +<a name="index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"></a> -<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-595"></a> -The option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>’ is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p -</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>’. If you make regular use of a private -non-standard reencoding ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ is usually a better idea than the +<p>The option ‘<samp>-T <var>enc-file</var></samp>’ is equivalent to ‘<samp>-p +<var>enc-file</var> -t <var>enc-file</var></samp>’. If you make regular use of a private +non-standard reencoding ‘<samp>-T</samp>’ is usually a better idea than the individual options, to avoid unexpected inconsistencies in mapping otherwise. An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats font: when you have a TeX encoding that is designed to be used with a particular PostScript font. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Encoding-file-format" accesskey="n" rel="next">Encoding file format</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing both encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h5> +<a name="index-reencoding"></a> +<a name="index-remapping"></a> -<p><a name="index-reencoding-596"></a><a name="index-remapping-597"></a> -The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font -corresponding to a PostScript font by <dfn>reencoding</dfn> the PostScript +<p>The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font +corresponding to a PostScript font by <em>reencoding</em> the PostScript font. Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX and one for PostScript. The TeX encoding is used to map character numbers to character names while the PostScript encoding is used to map each character name to a possibly different number. In combination, you can get access to any character of a PostScript font at any position for TeX typesetting. - - <p>In the default case, when you specify none of the <code>-t</code>, <code>-p</code>, +</p> +<p>In the default case, when you specify none of the <code>-t</code>, <code>-p</code>, or <code>-T</code> options, Afm2tfm uses a default TeX encoding (which mostly corresponds to the Computer Modern text fonts) and the PostScript encoding found in the AFM file being read. The reencoding is also -sometimes called a <dfn>remapping</dfn>. - - <p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two +sometimes called a <em>remapping</em>. +</p> +<p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the -character name ‘<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>’; then the default PostScript encoding, as +character name ‘<samp>acute</samp>’; then the default PostScript encoding, as found in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the -character name ‘<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>’ to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding +character name ‘<samp>acute</samp>’ to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding works in reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and then yielding the corresponding number.) The combined mapping of 19 to 194 shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact that the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of the TFM file for the virtual font. - - <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-598"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-599"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-600"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-601"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-602"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>) +</p> +<a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position"></a> +<a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut"></a> +<a name="index-dot-accent"></a> +<a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring"></a> +<a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter"></a> +<p>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp>ptmr.tfm</samp>) mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents. The exceptions: -the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, -but position <code>0xCD</code> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’); the dot accent (at positions +the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in ‘<samp>cmr10</samp>’, +but position <code>0xCD</code> in ‘<samp>ptmr</samp>’); the dot accent (at positions <code>0x5F</code> and <code>0xC7</code>, respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring <code>\AA</code>, whose definition needs different tweaking. In order to use these accents with PostScript fonts or in math mode when <code>\textfont0</code> is a PostScript font, you will need to use the following definitions. These definitions will not work with the Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents. They are already part -of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use with LaTeX. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-603"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-604"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-605"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-606"></a> -<pre class="example"> \def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}} - \def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}} - \def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 } - \newdimen\aadimen - \def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{h}\aadimen\ht0 - \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen - \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-607"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the ‘<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>’s that result from +of the distributed <samp>psfonts.sty</samp> for use with LaTeX. +</p> +<a name="index-_005cH"></a> +<a name="index-_005c_002e"></a> +<a name="index-_005cdot"></a> +<a name="index-_005cAA"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}} +\def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}} +\def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 } +\newdimen\aadimen +\def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{h}\aadimen\ht0 + \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen + \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-CODINGSCHEME"></a> +<p>As a kind of summary, here are the ‘<samp>CODINGSCHEME</samp>’s that result from the various possible choices for reencoding. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>default encoding</dt> +<dd><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding) +</pre></div> + +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-p dc.enc</samp>’</dt> +<dd><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding) +</pre></div> + +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-t dc.enc</samp>’</dt> +<dd><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding) +</pre></div> + +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-T dc.enc</samp>’</dt> +<dd><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding) +</pre></div> + +</dd> +</dl> - <dl> -<dt>default encoding<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding) -</pre> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding) -</pre> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding) -</pre> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> - <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding) -</pre> - </dl> - -<p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>’ line appears in the VPL file but is +<p>The ‘<samp>CODINGSCHEME</samp>’ line appears in the VPL file but is ignored by Dvips. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Encoding-file-format"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Encoding-file-format-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h5> +<a name="index-encoding-file-format"></a> -<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-608"></a> -Afm2tfm's encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a +<p>Afm2tfm’s encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example: - -<pre class="example"> % <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span> - % <span class="roman">is ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp><span class="roman">’; see below.</span> - /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span> - /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ... - /A /B ... /Z - ... /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent - ] def -</pre> - <p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">% <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span> +% <span class="roman">is ‘<samp>LIGKERN</samp>’; see below.</span> +/MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading ‘<samp>/</samp>’</span> + /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta … + /A /B … /Z + … /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent +] def +</pre></div> + +<p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at the PostScript level (see the previous section). - - <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-609"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end -of the line, are ignored unless they start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>’ (see below). - - <p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash -‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the -encoding. The next word must be an left bracket ‘<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>’. Following -that must be precisely 256 character names; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>’ for any +</p> +<a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files"></a> +<p>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end +of the line, are ignored unless they start with ‘<samp>LIGKERN</samp>’ (see below). +</p> +<p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash +‘<samp>/</samp>’ (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the +encoding. The next word must be an left bracket ‘<samp>[</samp>’. Following +that must be precisely 256 character names; use ‘<samp>/.notdef</samp>’ for any that you want to leave undefined. Then there must be a matching right -bracket <code>]</code>. A final ‘<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>’ token is optional. All names are +bracket <code>]</code>. A final ‘<samp>def</samp>’ token is optional. All names are case-sensitive. - - <p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment. If the first -word after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ is ‘<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>’, then the entire rest of the +</p> +<p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment. If the first +word after the ‘<samp>%</samp>’ is ‘<samp>LIGKERN</samp>’, then the entire rest of the line is parsed for ligature and kern information. This ligature and kern information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated by a space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a line) another space. - - <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-610"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be +</p> +<a name="index-LIGKERN-encoding-file-command"></a> +<p>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be specified. These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and -the character value of this font's boundary character. - - <p><a name="index-boundary-character-611"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is -specified as ‘<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>’. To set the font's boundary character value for +the character value of this font’s boundary character. +</p> +<a name="index-boundary-character"></a> +<p>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is +specified as ‘<samp>||</samp>’. To set the font’s boundary character value for TeX: - -<pre class="example"> % LIGKERN || = 39 ; -</pre> - <p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters -(without the leading slash) separated by ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">one -{} one ;</span></samp>’. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might -use ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’ in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">% LIGKERN || = 39 ; +</pre></div> + +<p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters +(without the leading slash) separated by ‘<samp>{}</samp>’, as in ‘<samp>one +{} one ;</samp>’. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might +use ‘<samp>{}</samp>’ in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a particular location. Either or both of the character names can be given -as ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all -kerns can be removed with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-612"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-613"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters, +as ‘<samp>*</samp>’, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all +kerns can be removed with ‘<samp>* {} * ;</samp>’. +</p> +<a name="index-ligature-operations"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations"></a> +<p>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters, followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the replacing character name. Either (but not both) of the first two -characters can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>’ to indicate a word boundary. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-614"></a>The most common operation is ‘<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>’ meaning that both characters are -removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’ -character on either side of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>’, you can retain either or both +characters can be ‘<samp>||</samp>’ to indicate a word boundary. +</p> +<a name="index-_003d_003a-ligature-operation"></a> +<p>The most common operation is ‘<samp>=:</samp>’ meaning that both characters are +removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the ‘<samp>|</samp>’ +character on either side of the ‘<samp>=:</samp>’, you can retain either or both of the two leading characters. In addition, by suffixing the ligature -operation with one or two ‘<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>’ signs, you can make the ligature +operation with one or two ‘<samp>></samp>’ signs, you can make the ligature scanning operation skip that many resulting characters before -proceeding. This works just like in Metafont. For example, the `fi' -ligature is specified with ‘<samp><span class="samp">f i =: fi ;</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted -ligature is ‘<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|>> exclam ;</span></samp>’ which separates a pair of -adjacent <code>1</code>'s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two +proceeding. This works just like in Metafont. For example, the ‘fi’ +ligature is specified with ‘<samp>f i =: fi ;</samp>’<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted +ligature is ‘<samp>one one |=:|>> exclam ;</samp>’ which separates a pair of +adjacent <code>1</code>’s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two of the resulting characters before continuing searching for ligatures -and kerns. You cannot give more <tt>></tt>'s than <tt>|</tt>'s in an ligature +and kerns. You cannot give more <tt>></tt>’s than <tt>|</tt>’s in an ligature operation, so there are a total of eight possibilities: - -<pre class="example"> =: |=: |=:> =:| =:|> |=:| |=:|> |=:|>> -</pre> - <p>The default set of ligatures and kerns built in to Afm2tfm is: - -<pre class="example"> % LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ; - % LIGKERN exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ; - % LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ; - % LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ; - % LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ; - % LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; 0 {} * ; * {} 0 ; - % LIGKERN 1 {} * ; * {} 1 ; 2 {} * ; * {} 2 ; 3 {} * ; * {} 3 ; - % LIGKERN 4 {} * ; * {} 4 ; 5 {} * ; * {} 5 ; 6 {} * ; * {} 6 ; - % LIGKERN 7 {} * ; * {} 7 ; 8 {} * ; * {} 8 ; 9 {} * ; * {} 9 ; -</pre> - <div class="node"> +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">=: |=: |=:> =:| =:|> |=:| |=:|> |=:|>> +</pre></div> + +<p>The default set of ligatures and kerns built in to Afm2tfm is: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">% LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ; +% LIGKERN exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ; +% LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ; +% LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ; +% LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ; +% LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; 0 {} * ; * {} 0 ; +% LIGKERN 1 {} * ; * {} 1 ; 2 {} * ; * {} 2 ; 3 {} * ; * {} 3 ; +% LIGKERN 4 {} * ; * {} 4 ; 5 {} * ; * {} 5 ; 6 {} * ; * {} 6 ; +% LIGKERN 7 {} * ; * {} 7 ; 8 {} * ; * {} 8 ; 9 {} * ; * {} 9 ; +</pre></div> + + +<hr> <a name="Special-font-effects"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Afm2tfm options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing font encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking afm2tfm</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Special-font-effects-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4> -<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-616"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-617"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can -do other manipulations. (Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts +<a name="index-oblique-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-slanted-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted"></a> +<p>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can +do other manipulations. (Again, it’s best to use the prebuilt fonts rather than attempting to remake them.) - - <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>’ makes an obliqued variant, as in: - -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This creates <samp><span class="file">ptmro.vpl</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmro.tfm</span></samp>. To use this font, +</p> +<p>‘<samp>-s <var>slant</var></samp>’ makes an obliqued variant, as in: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro +</pre></div> + +<p>This creates <samp>ptmro.vpl</samp> and <samp>rptmro.tfm</samp>. To use this font, put the line - - <p><a name="index-SlantFont-618"></a> -<pre class="example"> rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont" -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-619"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. Then ‘<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>’ (our name for the obliqued +</p> +<a name="index-SlantFont"></a> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont" +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-psfonts_002emap-1"></a> +<p>into <samp>psfonts.map</samp>. Then ‘<samp>rptmro</samp>’ (our name for the obliqued Times) will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine <code>SlantFont</code> (which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case). - - <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-620"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-621"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with - -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and by recording the pseudo-resident font -<a name="index-ExtendFont-622"></a> -<pre class="example"> rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont" -</pre> - <p class="noindent">in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. - - <p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as -<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-623"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-624"></a> -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual +</p> +<a name="index-expanded-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded"></a> +<p>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre +</pre></div> + +<p>and by recording the pseudo-resident font +<a name="index-ExtendFont"></a> +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont" +</pre></div> + +<p>in <samp>psfonts.map</samp>. +</p> +<p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as +<a name="index-small-caps-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps"></a> +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc +</pre></div> + +<p>This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual lowercase positions and scaled down to 0.8 of the normal cap dimensions. You can also specify the scaling as something other than the default 0.8: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -c 0.7 -V ptmrc rptmrc +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -c 0.7 -V ptmrc rptmrc -</pre> - <p>It is unfortunately not possible to increase the width of the small caps +<p>It is unfortunately not possible to increase the width of the small caps independently of the rest of the font. If you want a really professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps font. - - <p><a name="index-PaintType-625"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-627"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined -(2), you can add <code>"/PaintType 2 store"</code> to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>, as +</p> +<a name="index-PaintType"></a> +<a name="index-outline-fonts-1"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined"></a> +<p>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined +(2), you can add <code>"/PaintType 2 store"</code> to <samp>psfonts.map</samp>, as in the following: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rphvrl Helvetica "/PaintType 2 store" +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> rphvrl Helvetica "/PaintType 2 store" -</pre> - <p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in +<p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to +<samp>psfonts.map</samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in the printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the -‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span><var>filename</var></samp>’ command to download the font. Each identical -line only needs to be specified once in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>’ file, +‘<samp><<var>filename</var></samp>’ command to download the font. Each identical +line only needs to be specified once in the ‘<samp>psfonts.map</samp>’ file, even though many different fonts (small caps variants, or ones with different output encodings) may be based on it. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Afm2tfm-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Special font effects</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking afm2tfm</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Afm2tfm-options-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4> -<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-628"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-629"></a> -Synopsis: -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]... <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] -</pre> - <p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM -file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is -extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ to get the output filename. +<a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm"></a> +<a name="index-afm2tfm-options"></a> - <p>The simplest example: +<p>Synopsis: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]… <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr -</pre> - <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-630"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and +<p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM +file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is +extended with ‘<samp>.tfm</samp>’ to get the output filename. +</p> +<p>The simplest example: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-accents_002c-wrong"></a> +<p>The TFM file thus created is <em>raw</em> because it omits ligature and kern information, and does no character remapping; it simply contains the character information in the AFM file in TFM form, which is the form that TeX understands. The characters have the same code in the TFM @@ -3699,292 +4802,385 @@ characters will work ok, but little else, because standard PostScript fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX expects (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). Although both schemes agree for the printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and -accents vary. Thus, in practice, it's almost always desirable to create -a virtual font as well with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ option. +accents vary. Thus, in practice, it’s almost always desirable to create +a virtual font as well with the ‘<samp>-v</samp>’ or ‘<samp>-V</samp>’ option. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>. - - <p>The command line options to Afm2tfm: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-631"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-632"></a>See ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the +</p> +<p>The command line options to Afm2tfm: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-c <var>ratio</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dc-ratio"></a> +<a name="index-scaling-small-caps"></a> +<p>See ‘<samp>-V</samp>’; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the scaling of small caps. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-633"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-634"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-635"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-e <var>ratio</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002de-ratio"></a> +<a name="index-expanded-fonts-1"></a> +<a name="index-condensed-fonts"></a> +<p>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you get a condensed font. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-636"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-637"></a>Output all character codes in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>’ file as octal numbers, not +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-O</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dO"></a> +<a name="index-octal-character-codes"></a> +<p>Output all character codes in the ‘<samp>vpl</samp>’ file as octal numbers, not names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where -character names such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>’ have no meaning. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-638"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font; +character names such as ‘<samp>A</samp>’ have no meaning. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-p <var>ps-enc</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"></a> +<p>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font; <var>ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in -‘<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>’. +‘<samp>psfonts.map</samp>’. See <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-639"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-640"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-s <var>slant</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002ds-slant"></a> +<a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making"></a> +<p>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you start with an italic font). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-641"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font. -Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>. -<var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-642"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings -of the font. Equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-643"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-t <var>tex-enc</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"></a> +<p>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font. +Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>. +<var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp>psfonts.map</samp>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-T <var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"></a> +<p>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings +of the font. Equivalent to ‘<samp>-p <var>file</var> -t <var>file</var></samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-u</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002du"></a> +<p>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no others. By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-644"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-645"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-v <var>vpl-file</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"></a> +<p>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-V <var>vpl-file</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"></a> +<p>Same as ‘<samp>-v</samp>’, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper -kerning. +kerning. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="psfonts.map"></a> -<a name="psfonts_002emap"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> +<hr> +<a name="psfonts_002emap"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog"></a> +<h3 class="section">6.4 <samp>psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3> -<h3 class="section">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3> +<a name="index-psfonts_002emap-2"></a> +<a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading"></a> -<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-646"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-647"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-648"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-649"></a> -The <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file associates a PostScript font with related +<p>The <samp>psfonts.map</samp> file associates a PostScript font with related files and constructs. Each line has the format: - -<pre class="example"> <var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var> -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-650"></a>For example, the line -<pre class="example"> rpstrn StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb -</pre> - <p class="noindent">causes Dvips to download <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> (just as if it were +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example"><var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var> +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_003c-font-downloading"></a> +<p>For example, the line +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rpstrn StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb +</pre></div> +<p>causes Dvips to download <samp>StoneInformal.pfb</samp> (just as if it were a header file, see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>) if the DVI file (or a virtual -font, see <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) references the TFM file ‘<samp><span class="samp">rpstrn</span></samp>’. -The PostScript <code>/FontName</code> of the font defined inside the ‘<samp><span class="samp">pfb</span></samp>’ +font, see <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) references the TFM file ‘<samp>rpstrn</samp>’. +The PostScript <code>/FontName</code> of the font defined inside the ‘<samp>pfb</samp>’ file should be <code>StoneInformal</code>. - - <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-651"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-652"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-653"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-654"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this: -<pre class="example"> rpstrc StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont" -</pre> - <p class="noindent">See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a +</p> +<a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-expanded-fonts-2"></a> +<a name="index-wide-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-narrow-fonts"></a> +<p>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">rpstrc StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont" +</pre></div> + +<p>See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a complete list of font effects. - - <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-655"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript -level with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>’ instruction, plus the name of the +</p> +<a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts"></a> +<p>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript +level with a ‘<samp>ReEncodeFont</samp>’ instruction, plus the name of the encoding file. This allows you access to characters that may be present in the Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default—most of the preaccented characters, for example. An example: -<pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-656"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-657"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>’ encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a +</p><div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-8r-font-encoding"></a> +<a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended"></a> +<p>The ‘<samp>8r</samp>’ encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters commonly present in a Type 1 font. For more details, see the -<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-658"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding +<samp>8r.enc</samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips. +</p> +<a name="index-_003c_005b-encoding-vector-downloading"></a> +<p>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can -also use ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’ to explicitly indicate you are downloading an +also use ‘<samp><[</samp>’ to explicitly indicate you are downloading an encoding vector, as in: -<pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <[8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-659"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’, and -you are using partial font downloading, you must use the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’ -syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-660"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-661"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension -<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp> for partial downloading to work properly. +</p><div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <[8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb +</pre></div> - <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-662"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB +<a name="index-_002eenc-extension-for-encoding-vectors"></a> +<p>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in ‘<samp>.enc</samp>’, and +you are using partial font downloading, you must use the ‘<samp><[</samp>’ +syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly. +</p> +<a name="index-_002epfa-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"></a> +<a name="index-_002epfb-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"></a> +<p>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension +<samp>.pfa</samp> or <samp>.pfb</samp> for partial downloading to work properly. +</p> +<a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked"></a> +<p>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this conversion yourself. In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its memory usage, just as it does for other header files (see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>). - - <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-663"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-664"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>’ config file or command-line option is enabled (as it -is by default), <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> will be <dfn>partially -downloaded</dfn>—only those characters your document actually uses will -be extracted and downloaded, and the remainder discarded. +</p> +<a name="index-partial-font-downloading"></a> +<a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially"></a> +<p>If the ‘<samp>j</samp>’ config file or command-line option is enabled (as it +is by default), <samp>StoneInformal.pfb</samp> will be <em>partially +downloaded</em>—only those characters your document actually uses will +be extracted and downloaded, and the remainder discarded. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - - <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-665"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-666"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-667"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-668"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially +</p> +<a name="index-whole-font-downloading"></a> +<a name="index-multiple-master-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-Minion-typeface-family"></a> +<a name="index-_003c_003c-whole-font-downloading"></a> +<p>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially downloaded. To partially download in general, but avoid partial -downloading for individual fonts, use ‘<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>’ instead ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’: -<pre class="example"> pmnr8r Minion <<Minion.pfb -</pre> - <p>Here is a brief summary of how <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> is read: - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>If a line is empty or begins with a space, percent, asterisk, +downloading for individual fonts, use ‘<samp><<</samp>’ instead ‘<samp><</samp>’: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">pmnr8r Minion <<Minion.pfb +</pre></div> + +<p>Here is a brief summary of how <samp>psfonts.map</samp> is read: +</p> +<ol> +<li> If a line is empty or begins with a space, percent, asterisk, semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored. - <li>Otherwise, the line is separated into words, where words are +</li><li> Otherwise, the line is separated into words, where words are separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a double quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of the line. - <li>If a word starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>’, it is taken as a font file to be +</li><li> If a word starts with ‘<samp><<</samp>’, it is taken as a font file to be wholly downloaded. Use this to avoid partial downloading, as described above. - <li>If a word starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’, it is taken as an encoding file +</li><li> If a word starts with ‘<samp><[</samp>’, it is taken as an encoding file to be downloaded. Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in -‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’, also as described above. +‘<samp>.enc</samp>’, also as described above. - <li>If a word starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ character, it is +</li><li> If a word starts with a ‘<samp><</samp>’ character, it is treated as a header file that needs to be downloaded. If the name ends -in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will -be partially downloaded if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>’ option is in effect. There can -be more than one such header for a given font. If a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ is a word +in ‘<samp>.pfa</samp>’ or ‘<samp>.pfb</samp>’, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will +be partially downloaded if the ‘<samp>j</samp>’ option is in effect. There can +be more than one such header for a given font. If a ‘<samp><</samp>’ is a word by itself, the next word is taken as the name of the header file. - <li>If a word starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ character, it is taken as PostScript +</li><li> If a word starts with a ‘<samp>"</samp>’ character, it is taken as PostScript code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output verbatim at the appropriate point. (And the double quotes beginning and ending the word are removed.) - <li>Otherwise the word is a name. The first such name is the TFM +</li><li> Otherwise the word is a name. The first such name is the TFM file, that either a DVI file or a virtual font file can refer to. If there is a second name, it is used as the PostScript name and should match what is defined in the downloaded file; if there is only one name, it is used for both the TeX name and the PostScript name. - </ol> +</li></ol> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Color"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<hr> +<a name="Color"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">7 Color</h2> -<p><a name="index-color-669"></a> -<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-670"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any +<a name="index-color"></a> + +<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim"></a> +<p>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any color PostScript device. Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research, <a href="mailto:hafner@almaden.ibm.com">hafner@almaden.ibm.com</a>, the color support has gone through many changes by Tomas Rokicki. Besides the source code support itself, there -are additional TeX macro files: ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>’, and corresponding ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ versions for use with +are additional TeX macro files: ‘<samp>colordvi.tex</samp>’ and +‘<samp>blackdvi.tex</samp>’, and corresponding ‘<samp>.sty</samp>’ versions for use with LaTeX. - - <p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document -preparer's point of view and then add some instructions on installation +</p> +<p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document +preparer’s point of view and then add some instructions on installation for the TeX administrator. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a>: TeX macro definitions. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>: Adding your own colors. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>: Subtleties in using color. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>: Printing in black/white after colorizing. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>: Configuring Dvips for color devices. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>: Color support details -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color-macro-files" accesskey="1">Color macro files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX macro definitions. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="2">User-definable colors</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Adding your own colors. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="3">Color subtleties</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Subtleties in using color. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="4">Ted Turner</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Printing in black/white after colorizing. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="5">Color device configuration</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Configuring Dvips for color devices. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="6">Color support details</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Color support details +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Color-macro-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="n" rel="next">User-definable colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-macro-files-1"></a> <h3 class="section">7.1 Color macro files</h3> -<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-671"></a><a name="index-color-macros-672"></a> -All the color macro commands are defined in ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ (or -‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>’). To access these macros simply add to the top of +<a name="index-macros-for-color"></a> +<a name="index-color-macros"></a> + +<p>All the color macro commands are defined in ‘<samp>colordvi.tex</samp>’ (or +‘<samp>colordvi.sty</samp>’). To access these macros simply add to the top of your plain TeX file the command: -<pre class="example"> \input colordvi -</pre> - <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>’ style option as in: -<pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable. Instead, please see +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input colordvi +</pre></div> +<p>For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp>colordvi</samp>’ style option as in: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article} +</pre></div> +<p>For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable. Instead, please see the documentation for the graphics package, available from -<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/latex/graphics/</span></samp>. See also -<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/epslatex.ps</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-673"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-674"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-675"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local +<samp><var>CTAN</var>:doc/latex/graphics/</samp>. See also +<samp><var>CTAN</var>:doc/epslatex.ps</samp>. +</p> +<a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box"></a> +<a name="index-Pantone-colors"></a> +<a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case"></a> +<p>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color changes (the whole document). All the color names use a mixed case scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros. There are 68 predefined colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64 colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern (see <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>). You can browse the file -‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ for a list of the predefined colors. The comments +‘<samp>colordvi.tex</samp>’ for a list of the predefined colors. The comments in this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names and Pantones. - - <p>A local color command has the form - -<pre class="example"> \<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-676"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g., -‘<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>’. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to +</p> +<p>A local color command has the form +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>} +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_005cColorName"></a> +<p>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g., +‘<samp>Blue</samp>’. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to print in the specified color. This can be used for nested color changes since it restores the original color state when it completes. For example: - -<pre class="example"> This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red, - \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original. -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-677"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red, +\Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original. +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-color-nesting-level"></a> +<p>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history. - - <p>The global color command has the form - -<pre class="example"> \text<var>ColorName</var> -</pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-678"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that +</p> +<p>The global color command has the form +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\text<var>ColorName</var> +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_005ctextColorName"></a> +<p>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that point on to <var>ColorName</var>. This of course can be overridden globally by another such command or locally by local color commands. For example, expanding on the example above, we might have - -<pre class="example"> \textGreen - This text is green but here we are \Red{switching to red, - \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to - original green. - \textCyan - The text from here on will be cyan until - \Yellow{locally changed to yellow}. Now we are back to cyan. -</pre> - <p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\textGreen +This text is green but here we are \Red{switching to red, +\Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to +original green. +\textCyan +The text from here on will be cyan until +\Yellow{locally changed to yellow}. Now we are back to cyan. +</pre></div> + +<p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode boundaries. This means that if you have a color before going into math mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well. In alignment -environments like <code>\halign</code>, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>’, +environments like <code>\halign</code>, ‘<samp>tabular</samp>’ or ‘<samp>eqnarray</samp>’, local color commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters. - - <p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and +</p> +<p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and delimiter changes besides their own, care must be taken in setting their scope. It is best not to have them stretch too far. - - <p>At the present time there are no macros for color environments in LaTeX +</p> +<p>At the present time there are no macros for color environments in LaTeX which might have a larger range. This is primarily to keep the TeX and LaTeX use compatible. +</p> -<div class="node"> -<a name="User-definable-colors"></a> +<hr> <a name="User_002ddefinable-colors"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color subtleties</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-macro-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color macro files</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="User_002ddefinable-colors-1"></a> <h3 class="section">7.2 User-definable colors</h3> + +<a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors"></a> +<a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable"></a> -<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-679"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-680"></a> -There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined. +<p>There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined. For local changes, there is the command <code>\Color</code> which takes two arguments. The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and specifies the intensity of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) in @@ -3992,37 +5188,41 @@ that order. The second argument is the text that should appear in the given color. For example, suppose you want the words “this color is pretty” to appear in a color which is 50% cyan, 85% magenta, 40% yellow and 20% black. You would use the command +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\Color{.5 .85 .4 .2}{this color is pretty} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \Color{.5 .85 .4 .2}{this color is pretty} -</pre> - <p>For global color changes, there is a command <code>\textColor</code> which -takes one argument, the CMYK quadruple of relative color intensities. +<p>For global color changes, there is a command <code>\textColor</code> which +takes one argument, the CMYK quadruple of relative color intensities. For example, if you want the default color to be as above, then the command - -<pre class="example"> \textColor{.5 .85 .4 .2} - The text from now on will be this pretty color -</pre> - <p class="noindent">will do the trick. - - <p>Making a global color change in the midst of nested local colors is +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\textColor{.5 .85 .4 .2} +The text from now on will be this pretty color +</pre></div> + +<p>will do the trick. +</p> +<p>Making a global color change in the midst of nested local colors is highly discouraged. Consequently, Dvips will give you warning message and do its best to recover by discarding the current color history. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Color-subtleties"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ted Turner</a>, Previous: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">User-definable colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-subtleties-1"></a> <h3 class="section">7.3 Color subtleties</h3> -<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-681"></a> -Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords. As such, they -are put in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’ file only as explicit message strings to the +<a name="index-color-subtleties"></a> + +<p>Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords. As such, they +are put in the ‘<samp>.dvi</samp>’ file only as explicit message strings to the driver. The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of the text can have unwanted color side effects. For example, if a color region is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of @@ -4031,34 +5231,35 @@ page can inherit that color. To avoid this effect globally, users should make sure that these special regions of the text are defined with their own local color commands. For example, to protect the header and footer in plain TeX, use - -<pre class="example"> \headline{\Black{My Header}} - \footline{\Black{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}} -</pre> - <p>This warning also applies to figures and other insertions, so be careful! - - <p>Of course, in LaTeX, this is much more difficult to do because of the +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\headline{\Black{My Header}} +\footline{\Black{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}} +</pre></div> + +<p>This warning also applies to figures and other insertions, so be careful! +</p> +<p>Of course, in LaTeX, this is much more difficult to do because of the complexity of the macros that control these regions. This is unfortunate but inevitable, because TeX and LaTeX were not written with color in mind. - - <p>Even when writing your own macros, much care must be taken. The macros -that `colorize' a portion of the text work prefix the text work by +</p> +<p>Even when writing your own macros, much care must be taken. The macros +that ‘colorize’ a portion of the text work prefix the text work by outputting one <code>\special</code> command to turn the color on before the text, and outputting another <code>\special</code> command afterwards to restore the original color. It is often useful to ensure that TeX is in horizontal mode before the first special command is issued; this can be done by prefixing the color command with <code>\leavevmode</code>. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Ted-Turner"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color device configuration</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color subtleties</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing"></a> <h3 class="section">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</h3> <p>If you have a TeX or LaTeX document written with color macros and @@ -4066,871 +5267,1132 @@ you want to print it in black and white there are two options. On all (good) PostScript devices, printing a color file will print in corresponding gray levels. This is useful to get a rough idea of the colors without using expensive color printing devices. The second -option is to replace the call to input <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> with -‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>’ (and similarly for the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ files). So in -the above example, replacing the word ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>’ with -‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>’ suffices. <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros +option is to replace the call to input <samp>colordvi.tex</samp> with +‘<samp>blackdvi.tex</samp>’ (and similarly for the ‘<samp>.sty</samp>’ files). So in +the above example, replacing the word ‘<samp>colordvi</samp>’ with +‘<samp>blackdvi</samp>’ suffices. <samp>blackdvi.tex</samp> defines the color macros as no-ops, and so will produce normal black/white printing. By this simple mechanism, the user can switch to all black/white printing without having to ferret out the color commands. Also, some device drivers, particularly non-PostScript ones like screen previewers, will -simply ignore the color commands and so print in black/white. +simply ignore the color commands and so print in black/white. Hopefully, in the future screen previewers for color displays will be compatible with some form of color support. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Color-device-configuration"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color support details</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ted Turner</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-device-configuration-1"></a> <h3 class="section">7.5 Color device configuration</h3> -<p><a name="index-color-configuration-682"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-683"></a> -To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune -the color parameters to match your device's color rendition. To do this, +<a name="index-color-configuration"></a> +<a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices"></a> + +<p>To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune +the color parameters to match your device’s color rendition. To do this, you will need a Pantone chart for your device. The header file -‘<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>’ shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola +‘<samp>color.lpro</samp>’ shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola crayon names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK values for each of the colors. Note that these colors must be defined in CMYK terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in CMYK. This header file also defines (if they are not known to the -interpreter) the PostScript commands ‘<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>’ in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device +interpreter) the PostScript commands ‘<samp>setcmykcolor</samp>’ and +‘<samp>currentcmykcolor</samp>’ in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device only understands RGB, there should be no problem. - - <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-684"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-685"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone -chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons. +</p> +<a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration"></a> +<a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration"></a> +<p>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone +chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons. Because these were defined for a particular device, the actual color rendition on your device may be very different. There are two ways to adjust this. One is to use the PAntone chart for your device to rewrite -‘<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>’ prior to compilation and installation. A better +‘<samp>color.lpro</samp>’ prior to compilation and installation. A better alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a header file option in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) -for each device that defines, in ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’, the color parameters +for each device that defines, in ‘<samp>userdict</samp>’, the color parameters for those colors that need redefining. - - <p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining -‘<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>’ (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your -device ‘<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>’, do the following. In the Pantone chart for -your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109. Let's say they are -‘<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>’. Then create a header file named -‘<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>’ with the commands - -<pre class="example"> userdict begin - /Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Finally, in ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>’ add the line - -<pre class="example"> h mycolordev.pro -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This will then define ‘<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>’ in your device's CMYK values in -<samp><span class="file">userdict</span></samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp><span class="file">TeXdict</span></samp> by -<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp>. (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file -<samp><span class="file">mycolordev.cfg</span></samp>.) - - <p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> and -<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ files), can also be used to +</p> +<p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining +‘<samp>Goldenrod</samp>’ (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your +device ‘<samp>mycolordev</samp>’, do the following. In the Pantone chart for +your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109. Let’s say they are +‘<samp>{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</samp>’. Then create a header file named +‘<samp>mycolordev.pro</samp>’ with the commands +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">userdict begin +/Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def +</pre></div> + +<p>Finally, in ‘<samp>config.mycolordev</samp>’ add the line +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">h mycolordev.pro +</pre></div> + +<p>This will then define ‘<samp>Goldenrod</samp>’ in your device’s CMYK values in +<samp>userdict</samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp>TeXdict</samp> by +<samp>color.pro</samp>. (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file +<samp>mycolordev.cfg</samp>.) +</p> +<p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp>colordvi.tex</samp> and +<samp>blackdvi.tex</samp> (and the ‘<samp>.sty</samp>’ files), can also be used to predefine other colors for your users. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Color-support-details"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color device configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-support-details-1"></a> <h3 class="section">7.6 Color support details</h3> <p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials. These -specials start with the keyword ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ or the keyword -‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’, followed by a color specification. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +specials start with the keyword ‘<samp>color</samp>’ or the keyword +‘<samp>background</samp>’, followed by a color specification. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="1">Color specifications</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="2">Color specials</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Color-specifications"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color support details</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-specifications-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4> -<p><a name="index-color-specifications-686"></a> -What is a color specification? One of three things. First, it might be +<a name="index-color-specifications"></a> + +<p>What is a color specification? One of three things. First, it might be a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file. The -<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including ‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’. +<samp>color.pro</samp> file defines 64 of these, including ‘<samp>Maroon</samp>’. This PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value; -in this case, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’ is defined as ‘<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32 -setcmykcolor</span></samp>’. - - <p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of -‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>’) followed by the +in this case, ‘<samp>Maroon</samp>’ is defined as ‘<samp>0 0.87 0.68 0.32 +setcmykcolor</samp>’. +</p> +<p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of +‘<samp>rgb</samp>’, ‘<samp>hsb</samp>’, ‘<samp>cmyk</samp>’, or ‘<samp>gray</samp>’) followed by the appropriate number of parameters. When Dvips encounters such a macro, it sends out the parameters first, followed by the string created by -prefixing ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>’ to the color model. Thus, the color -specification ‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>’ would generate the PostScript code -‘<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>’. Note that the case of zero arguments is +prefixing ‘<samp>TeXcolor</samp>’ to the color model. Thus, the color +specification ‘<samp>rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</samp>’ would generate the PostScript code +‘<samp>0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</samp>’. Note that the case of zero arguments is disallowed, as that is handled by the single keyword case -(‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’) above, where no changes to the name are made before it +(‘<samp>Maroon</samp>’) above, where no changes to the name are made before it is sent to the PostScript file. - - <p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote +</p> +<p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote followed by any sequence of PostScript. The double quote is stripped from the output. For instance, the color specification -‘<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>’ will set the `color' to the Aggie logo +‘<samp>"AggiePattern setpattern</samp>’ will set the ‘color’ to the Aggie logo pattern (assuming such exists.) +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Color-specials"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color support details</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Color-specials-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 Color specials</h4> -<p>We will describe ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ first, since it is the simplest. The -‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ keyword must be followed by a color specification. -That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. -The last ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ special on a page is the one that gets +<p>We will describe ‘<samp>background</samp>’ first, since it is the simplest. The +‘<samp>background</samp>’ keyword must be followed by a color specification. +That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. +The last ‘<samp>background</samp>’ special on a page is the one that gets issued, and it gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any text or specials are sent. (This is possible because the prescan phase of Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.) - - <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special itself has three forms. -The first is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. In +</p> +<p>The ‘<samp>color</samp>’ special itself has three forms. +The first is just ‘<samp>color</samp>’ followed by a color specification. In this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty when such a command is executed. - - <p>The second form is ‘<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. +</p> +<p>The second form is ‘<samp>color push</samp>’ followed by a color specification. This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to set a color. - - <p>The final version of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>’, +</p> +<p>The final version of the ‘<samp>color</samp>’ special is just ‘<samp>color pop</samp>’, with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be that color. - - <p>Dvips correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when the +</p> +<p>Dvips correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when the pages are repeated or reversed. - - <p>These color specials can be used for things such as patterns or screens +</p> +<p>These color specials can be used for things such as patterns or screens as well as simple colors. However, note that in the PostScript, only one color specification can be active at a time. For instance, at the beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the color stack is sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is that the color -specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>’ is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ specials for screens and colors, just one or the other. +specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No ‘<samp>gsave</samp>’ or +‘<samp>grestore</samp>’ is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of +the ‘<samp>color</samp>’ specials for screens and colors, just one or the other. This may be addressed in the future by adding support for different categories of color-like state. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Index"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color">Color</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Index-1"></a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> -<ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-459"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-180"><code>! </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-452"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-365"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-469"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-169"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, not generating</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-145"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, removing</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-449"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-421"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-367"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-304"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-84"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-179"><code>- </code><span class="roman">as output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-87"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-82"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-88"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dA-91"><code>-A</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002da-89"><code>-a</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dB-97"><code>-B</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-93"><code>-b </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-104"><code>-C </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-100"><code>-c </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-631"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-109"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-107"><code>-d </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dE-115"><code>-E</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-111"><code>-e </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-633"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dF-124"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002df-119"><code>-f</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dG-129"><code>-G</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-132"><code>-h </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002di-135"><code>-i</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-139"><code>-j </code><span class="roman">for partial font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dK-143"><code>-K</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-140"><code>-k </code><span class="roman">for cropmarks</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-146"><code>-l [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dM-157"><code>-M</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dm-151"><code>-m</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmode-154"><code>-mode</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-153"><code>-mode </code><var>mode</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dN-166"><code>-N</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-163"><code>-n </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoomega-170"><code>-noomega</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoptex-173"><code>-noptex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-636"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-175"><code>-o </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-184"><code>-O </code><var>x-offset</var><code>,</code><var>y-offset</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-189"><code>-p [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-197"><code>-P </code><var>printer</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-638"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-590"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-194"><code>-pp </code><var>first</var><code>-</code><var>last</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-196"><code>-pp </code><var>range</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-267"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dq-199"><code>-q</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dR-205"><code>-R</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dr-203"><code>-r</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-210"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-212"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-639"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-595"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-223"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-213"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-642"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-641"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-586"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-643"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-227"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-224"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-230"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-229"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-645"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-644"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-236"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-239"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-476"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-246"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-241"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-209"><samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-518"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-266"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-659"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-426"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-537"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-540"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-660"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-534"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-661"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-535"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-526"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-524"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-425"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-520"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0023copies-94"><code>/#copies</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-392"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-370"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-594"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-656">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-555"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-650"><code>< </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-668"><code><< </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-658"><code><[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-614"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-273"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-604"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-606"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-676"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-605"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-380"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-388"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-382"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-386"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-387"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-603"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-371">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-378"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-391"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-472"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-678"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-274"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-602">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-220">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-350"><code>a4 </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-219">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-352"><code>A4size </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-208">absolute filenames, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-150">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-193">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-598">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-630">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning-113">accuracy in positioning</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts-17">Adobe fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22">Adobe fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm-files-517">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-578"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-574"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-629">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-435">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-508">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-405"><code>angle </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-arcs-529">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-563">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-366"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-275"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-511"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-657">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-546">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bbfig-368"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-434">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-484">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-big-points-362">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18">Bigelow & Holmes fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76">binary files, not supported</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-536">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23">Bitstream fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-462"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-393"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-357"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-188"><code>bop-hook</code><span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-611">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-361">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-364">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-369">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-118">bounding box, finding tight</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-395">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-379">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-373">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-c-_0040r_007binclude-additional-config-file_007d-276"><code>c </code><span class="roman">include additional config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-588">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-584">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-571">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-561">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-568"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-406"><code>clip </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-394">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-607"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-collated-copies-106">collated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-669">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-682">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-macros-672">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-675">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-677">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-separations-96">color separations</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-686">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-681">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-680">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-439">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-77">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-271">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-609">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included-144">comments, removing included</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compilation-3">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-416">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-247">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-489">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-550">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-635">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eproto-10"><code>config.proto</code></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-198"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-348"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">paper sizes</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-265"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-269">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-344">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-260">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-263">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-262">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9">configuration files, creating</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13">configuration files, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-683">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2">configuration, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-272">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-control_002dD-126">control-D</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated-105">copies, collated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-95">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated-102">copies, uncollated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-673">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-crop_002epro-142"><code>crop.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cropmarks-141">cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-564">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-277"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dated-output-467">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-281">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-108">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-48">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-options-49">debugging options</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-315">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-319"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33">Deutsch, Peter</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-330">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-569">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-565">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-460">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-428">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-243">distillation, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-479">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-600">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing-99">double-sided printing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-664">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-648">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-483">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-466">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-354">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-441">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-389">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-487"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-270">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-554"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG-249"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-251"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-252"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-289"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-253"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-255"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-256"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-317"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-415">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-278"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-279"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-577">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps-54"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-492">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-582">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-608">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-552">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-567"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-553">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-566">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encodings-549">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-465"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-248">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EOF-125">EOF</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-463"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43">EPS, and Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-374">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating-116">EPSF, generating</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-377"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-376"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Epson-printers-34">Epson printers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer-64">error messages from printer</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-even-pages-only-98">even pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-471">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-652">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-634">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-620">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-547">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-501">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-622"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-593">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-284"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-283"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65">failure, and printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71">failure, of long documents</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74">failure, to include graphics</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53">failure, to print at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-314">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-419">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-381">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-385">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a-120">filter, running as a</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-190">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-513">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-158">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontinst-579"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-433">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-583">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-649">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-621">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-420">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-573">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-627">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-617">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-624">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27">fonts, system PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-G-_0040r_007bcharacter-shifting-config-command_007d-285"><code>G </code><span class="roman">character shifting config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gf-files-541">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopk-542"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation-31">Ghostscript installation</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ghostview-41"><code>ghostview</code></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-527">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-308"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-Ghostscript-39">GNU Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-418"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73">graphics inclusion fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"><code>gs </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-473"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-232"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-286"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-287"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-670">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading-133">header file, downloading</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-422">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-288">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-430"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-444">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-440">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-432">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hints-570">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"><code>hoffset </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30">HP printers and Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-356">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-href-505"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"><code>hscale </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"><code>hsize </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-477"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-245"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-481"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-482"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-599">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-242">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-490">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-488">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-497">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-475">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-290"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-486"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75">Illustrator, workaround for</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-img-509"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails-72">including graphics fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-438">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-429">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6">installation of <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14">installation of PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4">installation, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-572">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-359">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-inverted-output-60">inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips-79">invoking Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-291"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-485">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-581">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029_007d-292"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-515">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-250"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-338">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-221">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-341"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-147">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-257">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-316">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-218">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-217">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-349"><code>letter </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-216">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-358">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-351"><code>letterSize </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-612">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-516">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-610"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-397">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-506">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-457">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-470">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-450">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-407"><code>llx </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-408"><code>lly </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing-70">long documents not printing</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting-130">low characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-182">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lucida_002c-installing-19">Lucida, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-293"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-296"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-671">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-375">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-372">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-390">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-235">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-238">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-510"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-manual-feed-152">manual feed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-maxdrift-112">maxdrift</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed-164">maximum pages printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-media-215">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-available-294">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69">memory of printer exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-445">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving-90">memory, conserving</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-576">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-613">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-156">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-538">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-metric-files-514">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-667">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-160"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-162"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-347"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-159"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-254"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-155">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts-20">Monotype fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24">Monotype fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mtpk-231"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-666">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-output-files-137">multiple output files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-355">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-503">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-297"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-name-507"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-654">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-no-output-at-all-52">no output at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-131">non-printing characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-647">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-nopaper_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-346"><code>nopaper</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-300"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-298"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-615">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-637">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-odd-pages-only-92">odd pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-offset-pages-185">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Omega-extensions-171">Omega extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of-83">option, details of</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging-50">options, debugging</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips-78">options, Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-85">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-81">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-628">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-626">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-528">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-447">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-299">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple-138">output files, multiple</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted-59">output, inverted</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-none-51">output, none</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-176">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small-58">output, too small</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-301"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-305"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page-range-195">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-191">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-148">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-165">pages, maximum printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PaintType-625"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-674">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-343">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default-8">paper size, default</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-337">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-353">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-type-214">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-340"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-222">papersize special, and no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-663">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-493">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-480">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-37">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-244">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-478"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-532">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-533">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-662">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-525">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-684">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-192">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-468">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable-122">pipes, not readable</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pk-files-539">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-306"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-455"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp><span class="roman">’ subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pltotf-523"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-178"><code>popen </code><span class="roman">for output</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-339">portrait orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy-114">positioning accuracy</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-437"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-451">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-551">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-589">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-302">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-225">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-512">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16">PostScript fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-423">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-461">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-360">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers-36">PostScript previewers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-363">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-436"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output-35">previewing Dvips output</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-258"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-7">printer configuration</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12">printer configuration file, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-errors-63">printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-295">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted-68">printer memory exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-offset-186">printer offset</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-268"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-123"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly-127">printer, driving directly</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-problems-46">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-521">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11">prototype printer configuration file</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-453"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-398"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-646"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-619"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-29"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-424"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-494">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pstopk-233"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-172">pTeX extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-311"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-310"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-200">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-312"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-313"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-559"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencoding-596">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-655">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-592"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-remapping-597">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-303">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-226">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolution-237">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-110">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-204">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-411"><code>rhi </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-456"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-412"><code>rwi </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-321"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-320"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62">save/restore, and inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-474"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-454">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-211">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-413"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-384">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-632">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-601">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-443">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SDict-414"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-458"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-264">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-446">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-136">sections output, in separate files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security-206">security</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-207">shell command execution, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-282">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-562"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-silent-operation-201">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-442">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-616">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-640">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-618"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-623">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-499">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts-21">Softkey fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25">Softkey fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-496">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-498">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-splines-530">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking-128">spooler, lacking</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-183">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO-121">standard I/O</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-86">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-177">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-464"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-structured-comments-167">structured comments</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-280"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-324"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-685">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-testpage_002etex-187"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-585">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-431">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-259"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-309"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-326"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-323"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-556"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-161"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-557"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-587"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-558"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-261"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-322"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-307"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-318"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-396">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-519">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-325"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tftopl-522"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40">Theisen, Tim</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-117">tight bounding box, finding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output-61">too-small output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-591"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-495">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TranScript-168">TranScript</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-651">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trouble-47">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-531">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-560">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-327"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uncollated-copies-103">uncollated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-417">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-500">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-345"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-342"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-504">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-502">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-409"><code>urx </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-410"><code>ury </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic-80">usage, basic</a>: <a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-679">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-427"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-134">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-328"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-383">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vf-files-544">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-548">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-329">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-543">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-580">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VM-exhausted-67">VM exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VMusage-448"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"><code>voffset </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-545">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vptovf-575"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"><code>vscale </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"><code>vsize </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-331"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-332">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-202">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-665">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-653">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-333"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-228">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-334"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26">Y&Y fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-335"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-336"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-181"><code>| </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> - </ul><!-- INSTALLONLY --> -</body></html> - +<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>"</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>(</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>+</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>-</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>.</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>/</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>6</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>8</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b><</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>=</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>@</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>\</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>|</b></a> + +<br> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Y"><b>Y</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a> + +</td></tr></table> +<table class="index-cp" border="0"> +<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td> </td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-1">!</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0021-special-_0028literal-PS-header_0029"><code>! <span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0021-starting-output-filename"><code>! <span class="roman">starting output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-2">"</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"><code>" <span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-3">%</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025BoundingBox"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, not generating</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, removing</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-required-by-Ghostview"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025VMusage"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_002aFont"><code>%*Font</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-4">(</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0028atend_0029_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>(atend)<span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-5">+</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002bpsmapfile"><code>+<var>psmapfile</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-6">-</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d"><code>-</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d-as-output-filename"><code>- <span class="roman">as output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion"><code>--version</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002da"><code>-a</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dA"><code>-A</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dB"><code>-B</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002db-num"><code>-b <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dc-num"><code>-c <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dC-num"><code>-C <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dc-ratio"><code>-c <var>ratio</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dd-num"><code>-d <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dD-num"><code>-D <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dE"><code>-E</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002de-num"><code>-e <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002de-ratio"><code>-e <var>ratio</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002df"><code>-f</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dF"><code>-F</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dG"><code>-G</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dh-name"><code>-h <var>name</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002di"><code>-i</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"><code>-j <span class="roman">for partial font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dK"><code>-K</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"><code>-k <span class="roman">for cropmarks</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum"><code>-l [=]<var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dm"><code>-m</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dM"><code>-M</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmode"><code>-mode</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmode-mode"><code>-mode <var>mode</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dN"><code>-N</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dn-num"><code>-n <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dnoomega"><code>-noomega</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dnoptex"><code>-noptex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dO"><code>-O</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002do-name"><code>-o <var>name</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"><code>-O <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dP-printer"><code>-P <var>printer</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc"><code>-p <var>ps-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"><code>-p <var>ps-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum"><code>-p [=]<var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"><code>-pp <var>first</var>-<var>last</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dpp-range"><code>-pp <var>range</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dPprinter_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>-P<var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dq"><code>-q</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dr"><code>-r</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dR"><code>-R</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ds"><code>-s</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dS-num"><code>-S <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ds-slant"><code>-s <var>slant</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"><code>-T <var>enc-file</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"><code>-T <var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dt-papertype"><code>-t <var>papertype</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"><code>-T <var>ps-tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc"><code>-t <var>tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"><code>-t <var>tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dU"><code>-U</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002du"><code>-u</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002du-psmapfile"><code>-u <var>psmapfile</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dv"><code>-v</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dV"><code>-V</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"><code>-v <var>vpl-file</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"><code>-V <var>vpl-file</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dx-num"><code>-x <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dX-num"><code>-X <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dY-num"><code>-Y <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dz"><code>-z</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"><code>-Z <span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"><code>-z <span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-7">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"><samp>..</samp>-relative filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eafm-Adobe-metric-files"><code>.afm <span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002edvipsrc_002c-searched-for"><code>.dvipsrc<span class="roman">, searched for</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eenc-extension-for-encoding-vectors"><code>.enc <span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elpro-long-prologue-files"><code>.lpro <span class="roman">long prologue files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002emf-Metafont-source-files"><code>.mf <span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ennnpk-packed-font-bitmaps"><code>.<var>nnn</var>pk <span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfa-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfa <span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfa-printer-font-ascii-files"><code>.pfa <span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfb-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfb <span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfb-printer-font-binary-files"><code>.pfb <span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfm-printer-font-metric-files"><code>.pfm <span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epl-property-list-files"><code>.pl <span class="roman">property list files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epro-prologue-files"><code>.pro <span class="roman">prologue files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etfm-TeX-font-metric-files"><code>.tfm <span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-8">/</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies"><code>/#copies</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies-1"><code>/#copies</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002fmagscale"><code>/magscale</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-9">6</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-612-792-bounding-box-size"><code>612 792 <span class="roman">bounding box size</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-10">8</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8r-encoding_002c-and-extra-characters"><code>8r <span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8r-font-encoding">8r font encoding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8r_002eenc"><code>8r.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-11"><</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003c-font-downloading"><code>< <span class="roman">font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003c_003c-whole-font-downloading"><code><< <span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003c_005b-encoding-vector-downloading"><code><[ <span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-12">=</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003d_003a-ligature-operation"><code>=: <span class="roman">ligature operation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-13">@</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040-paper-size-config-command"><code>@ <span class="roman">paper size config command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-14">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002e"><code>\.</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cAA"><code>\AA</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cColorName"><code>\<var>ColorName</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdot"><code>\dot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsffile-macro"><code>\epsffile <span class="roman">macro</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfsize"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfverbosetrue"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfxsize"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfysize"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cH"><code>\H</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cleavevmode"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmagnification"><code>\magnification</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crotninety"><code>\rotninety</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextColorName"><code>\text<var>ColorName</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-15">|</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007c-starting-output-filename"><code>| <span class="roman">starting output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a-config-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029"><code>a <span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a3-papertype">a3 papertype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4-paper-size"><code>a4 <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4-papertype">a4 papertype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-A4size-paper-size"><code>A4size <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling">absolute filenames, disabling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and ‘<samp>-l</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and ‘<samp>-p</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position">accents, in wrong position</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong">accents, wrong</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning">accuracy in positioning</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm-files">afm files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-1"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options">afm2tfm options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code">after header, inserting code</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie">Anderson, Laurie</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>angle <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arcs">arcs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-atend_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>atend<span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"><code>b <span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base"><code>base</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended">base encoding, recommended</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-fonts">base fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bbfig"><code>bbfig</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code">before header, inserting code</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-big-points">big points</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported">binary files, not supported</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts">bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop-undefined-error"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-1"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-2"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_002c-and-offset-pages"><code>bop-hook<span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boundary-character">boundary character</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for">bounding box, comment for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined">bounding box, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining">bounding box, determining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight">bounding box, finding tight</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate">bounding box, inaccurate</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX-1">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-C">C</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-c-include-additional-config-file"><code>c <span class="roman">include additional config file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings">changing PostScript encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-changing-TeX-encodings">changing TeX encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript">character definitions in PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CharStrings-Type-1-dictionary"><code>CharStrings <span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>clip <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF">clipping of EPSF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-collated-copies">collated copies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color">color</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-configuration">color configuration</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-macros">color macros</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case">color names, mixed case</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-nesting-level">color nesting level</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-separations">color separations</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-subtleties">color subtleties</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable">colors, user-definable</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from">command line, including headers from</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files">comments, in configuration files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files">comments, in encoding files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included">comments, removing included</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript">compressed PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts">compressing bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-condensed-fonts">condensed fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eproto"><code>config.proto</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps"><code>config.ps</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps-installation"><code>config.ps <span class="roman">installation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps-paper-sizes"><code>config.ps <span class="roman">paper sizes</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps_002c-searched-for"><code>config.ps<span class="roman">, searched for</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-options">configuration file options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command">configuration file paper size command</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-path">configuration file path</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching">configuration file searching</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-files">configuration files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating">configuration files, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype">configuration files, prototype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices">configuration, of color devices</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips">configuration, of Dvips</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported">continuation lines, not supported</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-control_002dD">control-D</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated">copies, collated</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated">copies, uncollated</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box">Crayola crayon box</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-crop_002epro"><code>crop.pro</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cropmarks">cropmarks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript">current font, in PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-D">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"><code>D <span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dated-output">dated output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output">datestamp, in output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-options">debugging options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default-resolutions">default resolutions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-Make-variable"><code>default_texsizes <span class="roman">Make variable</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter">Deutsch, Peter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-CharStrings">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language">dictionary, PostScript language</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-SDict">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-userdict">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz">distillation, and ‘<samp>-z</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files">distiller, for PDF files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dot-accent">dot accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing">double-sided printing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially">downloading fonts partially</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts">downloading PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark">Doyle, Mark</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-draft-copies">draft copies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays">dual paper trays</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-duplex-printers">duplex printers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-magnification">DVI magnification</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvihps_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript"><code>dvihps<span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options">Dvips configuration file options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"><code>DVIPSHEADERS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> H</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSRC"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>DVIPSSIZES<span class="roman">, overrides</span> R</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics">dynamic creation of graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"><code>e <span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"><code>E <span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts">efficiency, and fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-changes">encoding changes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-file-format">encoding file format</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-files">encoding files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encoding-Type-1-dictionary"><code>Encoding <span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined">encoding vectors, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encodings">encodings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-end_002dhook"><code>end-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environment-variables">environment variables</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EOF">EOF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eop_002dhook"><code>eop-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview">EPS, and Ghostview</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating">EPSF, generating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epsf_002esty"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epsf_002etex"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Epson-printers">Epson printers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer">error messages from printer</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-even-pages-only">even pages only</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript">examples of literal PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-1">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-2">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extended-URL">extended URL</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ExtendFont"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing">extra characters, accessing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>f <span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>F <span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors">failure, and printer errors</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents">failure, of long documents</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics">failure, to include graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all">failure, to print at all</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions">fallback resolutions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts">figures and fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size">figures, natural size</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling">figures, scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a">filter, running as a</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-concepts">font concepts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontinst"><code>fontinst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files">fonts, as header files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of">fonts, changing encoding of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading">fonts, downloading</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded">fonts, expanded</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing">fonts, installing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined">fonts, outlined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted">fonts, slanted</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps">fonts, small caps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript">fonts, system PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-G">G</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-G-character-shifting-config-command"><code>G <span class="roman">character shifting config command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gf-files">gf files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftopk"><code>gftopk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ghostview"><code>ghostview</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-N">Ghostview, and no ‘<samp>N</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glyph-files">glyph files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>GLYPHFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GNU-Ghostscript">GNU Ghostscript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gnuplot"><code>gnuplot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails">graphics inclusion fails</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gs-installation"><code>gs <span class="roman">installation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gsave_002fgrestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>gsave<span class="roman">/</span>grestore<span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gsftopk"><code>gsftopk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-h-header-downloading-config-command"><code>h <span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-H-header-path-config-command"><code>H <span class="roman">header path config command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim">Hafner, Jim</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading">header file, downloading</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined">header files, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining">header path, defining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"><code>header=<var>file</var> \special</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage">headers and memory usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line">headers, including from the command line</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-TeX">headers, including in TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hints">hints</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hoffset <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-href"><code>href</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hscale <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hsize <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-html-specials"><code>html <span class="roman">specials</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"><code>html <span class="roman">specials, and ‘<samp>-z</samp>’</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-http_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi"><code><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-http_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex"><code><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut">Hungarian umlaut</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats">hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-1">hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-specials">hypertext specials</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-support">hypertext support</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"><code>i <span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idvi-Java-DVI-reader"><code>idvi <span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for">Illustrator, workaround for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-img"><code>img</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails">including graphics fails</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line">including headers from the command line</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-headers-in-TeX">including headers in TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation-of-config_002eps">installation of <samp>config.ps</samp></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts">installation of PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips">installation, of Dvips</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installing-fonts">installing fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript">interaction with PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-inverted-output">inverted output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips">invoking Dvips</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-J">J</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"><code>j <span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader">Java DVI reader</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan">Jeffrey, Alan</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-K-config-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029"><code>K <span class="roman">config command (comment-removal)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined">kerning, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined">landscape orientation, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-papertype">landscape papertype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape_002c-as-_005cspecial"><code>landscape<span class="roman">, as <code>\special</code></span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ledger-papertype">ledger papertype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-legal-papertype">legal papertype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letter-paper-size"><code>letter <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letter-papertype">letter papertype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letterhead-tray">letterhead tray</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letterSize-paper-size"><code>letterSize <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ligature-operations">ligature operations</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined">ligature, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LIGKERN-encoding-file-command"><code>LIGKERN <span class="roman">encoding file command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width">lines in figures, wrong width</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext">links, hypertext</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literal-headers">literal headers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples">literal PostScript, examples</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using">literal PostScript, using</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>llx <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>lly <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing">long documents not printing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting">low characters, shifting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"><code>m <span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"><code>M <span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros-for-color">macros for color</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion">macros for epsf inclusion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1">macros for epsf inclusion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI">magnification, DVI</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical">magnification, vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mailcap-and-hypertext"><code>mailcap <span class="roman">and hypertext</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-manual-feed">manual feed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-maxdrift">maxdrift</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed">maximum pages printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-media">media</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-available">memory available</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted">memory of printer exhausted</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers">memory usage, and headers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving">memory, conserving</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations">Metafont ligature operations</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files">Metafont source files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-metric-files">metric files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family">Minion typeface family</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-missfont_002elog"><code>missfont.log</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="roman">, avoiding</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"><code>mktexpk<span class="roman">, changing name</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mtpk"><code>mtpk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts">multiple master fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-output-files">multiple output files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays">multiple paper trays</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim">Murphy, Tim</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-N-EPS_002ddisabling-config-command"><code>N <span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-name"><code>name</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-narrow-fonts">narrow fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-no-output-at-all">no output at all</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting">non-printing characters, shifting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts">non-resident fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nopaper_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>nopaper<span class="roman">, paper format for ‘<samp>-t</samp>’</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-O-config-command-_0028offset_0029"><code>O <span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-o-config-command-_0028output-file_0029"><code>o <span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-oblique-fonts">oblique fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-octal-character-codes">octal character codes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-odd-pages-only">odd pages only</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Omega-extensions">Omega extensions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging">options, debugging</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips">options, Dvips</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm">options, to Afm2tfm</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outline-fonts">outline fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outline-fonts-1">outline fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of">output file, sectioning of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting">output file, setting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple">output files, multiple</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted">output, inverted</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-none">output, none</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small">output, too small</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"><code>p <span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"><code>P <span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed">pages, maximum printed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PaintType"><code>PaintType</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pantone-colors">Pantone colors</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command">paper size configuration file command</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default">paper size, default</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general">paper size, general</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-trays">paper trays</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-type">paper type</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-papersize-special"><code>papersize <span class="roman">special</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt">papersize special, and no ‘<samp>-t</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading">partial font downloading</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality">PDF files, font quality</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making">PDF files, making</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-1">PDF files, making</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for">PDF files, option for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfmark"><code>pdfmark</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfa-files">pfa files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfb-files">pfb files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfm-files">pfm files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and ‘<samp>-l</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and ‘<samp>-p</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-bop_002dhook">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable">pipes, not readable</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pk-files">pk files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>PKFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plotfile_002c-ps-subspecial"><code>plotfile<span class="roman">, ‘<samp>ps</samp>’ subspecial</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pltotf"><code>pltotf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-popen-for-output"><code>popen <span class="roman">for output</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined">portrait orientation, defined</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy">positioning accuracy</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-post-code-after-headers"><code>post <span class="roman">code after headers</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal">PostScript code, literal</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding">PostScript encoding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing">PostScript encoding, changing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file">PostScript font alias file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1">PostScript font alias file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing">PostScript fonts, installing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files">PostScript header files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction">PostScript interaction</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers">PostScript previewers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-units">PostScript units</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pre-code-before-headers"><code>pre <span class="roman">code before headers</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output">previewing Dvips output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRINTER"><code>PRINTER</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-configuration">printer configuration</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype">printer configuration file, prototype</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-errors">printer errors</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-memory">printer memory</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted">printer memory exhausted</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-offset">printer offset</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>PRINTER<span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"><code>PRINTER<span class="roman">, avoided with ‘<samp>-f</samp>’</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly">printer, driving directly</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-property-list-files">property list files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file">prototype printer configuration file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ps-special"><code>ps <span class="roman">special</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfile-special"><code>psfile <span class="roman">special</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-1"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-2"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psheaderdir"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psi-character-missing">psi character missing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pstopk"><code>pstopk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions">pTeX extensions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions-1">pTeX extensions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>q <span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>Q <span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-R">R</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"><code>r <span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-R-fallback-resolution-config-command"><code>R <span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reencoding">reencoding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-registered-character_002c-accessing"><code>registered <span class="roman">character, accessing</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-remapping">remapping</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resolution">resolution</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resolution-1">resolution</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting">resolution, setting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rhi <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas">Rokicki, Tomas</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotate_002etex"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rwi <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"><code>S <span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-s-config-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029"><code>s <span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output">save/restore, and inverted output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>save<span class="roman">/</span>restore<span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials">save/restore, and specials</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global">save/restore, generating global</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaleunit"><code>scaleunit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures">scaling of figures</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps">scaling small caps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring">Scandinavian A ring</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting">screen frequencies, setting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SDict"><code>SDict</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SDict-dictionary"><code>SDict <span class="roman">dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of">searching config files, order of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory">sections of output file, and memory</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files">sections output, in separate files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security">security</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling">shell command execution, disabling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file">shell escape, in config file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-show-PostScript-operator"><code>show <span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts">slanted fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making">slanted fonts, making</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SlantFont"><code>SlantFont</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts">small caps fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur">Smith, Arthur</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing">spaces, dropped trailing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext">specials, hypertext</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-splines">splines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking">spooler, lacking</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO">standard I/O</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-start_002dhook"><code>start-hook</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-structured-comments">structured comments</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-in-config-file"><code>system <span class="roman">in config file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"><code>T <span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-testpage_002etex"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing">TeX encoding, changing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-including-headers-in">TeX, including headers in</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> T</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXINPUTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> S</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-1"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXPICTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> S</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXPKS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>TEXSIZES<span class="roman">, overrides</span> R</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off">text in figures, chopped off</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tfm-files">tfm files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TFMFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> T</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tftopl"><code>tftopl</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim">Theisen, Tim</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding">tight bounding box, finding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output">too-small output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trademark-character_002c-accessing"><code>trademark <span class="roman">character, accessing</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped">trailing spaces, dropped</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TranScript">TranScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts">transforming downloaded fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts">Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript">typesetting in PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"><code>U <span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uncollated-copies">uncollated copies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript">uncompressing PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator">uniform resource locator</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>unknown<span class="roman">, paper format for ‘<samp>-t</samp>’</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt-1"><code>unknown<span class="roman">, paper format for ‘<samp>-t</samp>’</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition">URL, definition</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-TeX">URL, extended for TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>urx <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>ury <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic">usage, basic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors">user-definable colors</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-and-dictionary-files"><code>userdict<span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"><code>V <span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing">verbose EPSF processing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vf-files">vf files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion">virtual font expansion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-font-path">virtual font path</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts">virtual fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating">virtual fonts, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VM-exhausted">VM exhausted</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VMusage"><code>VMusage</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>voffset <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vpl-files">vpl files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vptovf"><code>vptovf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vscale <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vsize <span class="roman">(‘<samp>psfile</samp>’ special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-W">W</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-W-config-command-_0028warning_0029"><code>W <span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining">warning messages, defining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading">whole font downloading</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-wide-fonts">wide fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"><code>X <span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Xerox-4045">Xerox 4045</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-Y">Y</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"><code>Y <span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Z-config-command-_0028compression_0029"><code>Z <span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"><code>z <span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +</table> +<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>"</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>(</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>+</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>-</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>.</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>/</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>6</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>8</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b><</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>=</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>@</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>\</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>|</b></a> + +<br> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Y"><b>Y</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a> + +</td></tr></table> + + +<hr> + + + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf Binary files differindex 94b17e2aaf4..f7e631e528d 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf |