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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/start/en/ma-cb-en-paragraphs.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/start/en/ma-cb-en-paragraphs.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..668b6ab01ce --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/start/en/ma-cb-en-paragraphs.tex @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +\startcomponent ma-cb-en-paragraphs + +\enablemode[**en-us] + +\project ma-cb + +\startchapter[title=Paragraph spacing] + +\startsection[title=Introduction] + +\index{paragraph} + +\Command{\tex{par}} +\Command{\tex{paragraph}} + +In \TEX\ and \CONTEXT\ the most important unit of text is the paragraph. You can +start a new paragraph by: + +\startitemize[packed] +\item an empty line +\item the \TEX\ command \type{\par} +\stopitemize + +In your \ASCII\ input file you should use empty lines as paragraph separators. +This will lead to a readable, clearly structured and well organized file and will +prevent mistakes. + +In situations where a command has to be closed explicitly you should use +\type{\par}. + +\startbuffer +During one of the wars Hasselt lay under siege. After some +time the city was famine stricken, everything edible was +eaten. Except for one cow. The cow was kept alive and +treated very well. \par +Once a day the citizens of Hasselt took the cow for a walk +on the ramparts. The besiegers saw the well fed cow and +became very discouraged. They broke up their camps and +Hasselt was saved. \par +In the Hoogstraat in Hasselt there is a stone tablet with a +representation of the cow that commemorates the siege and +the shrewdness of the citizens of Hasselt. +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This could also be typed without \type{\par}s and a few empty lines. + +\startbuffer +During one of the wars Hasselt lay under siege. After some +time the city was famine stricken, everything edible was +eaten. Except for one cow. The cow was kept alive and +treated very well. + +Once a day the citizens of Hasselt took the cow for a walk +on the ramparts. The besiegers saw the well fed cow and +became very discouraged. They broke up their camps and +Hasselt was saved. + +In the Hoogstraat in Hasselt there is a stone tablet with a +representation of the cow that commemorates the siege and +the wisdom of the citizens of Hasselt. +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Inter paragraph spacing] + +\index{inter paragraph spacing} + +\Command{\tex{setupwhitespace}} +\Command{\tex{nowhitespace}} +\Command{\tex{whitespace}} +\Command{\tex{startlinecorrection}} % VZ 2006-11-15 setup->start +\Command{\tex{blank}} +\Command{\tex{setupblank}} +\Command{\tex{startpacked}} +\Command{\tex{startunpacked}} + +The vertical spacing between paragraphs can be specified by: + +\shortsetup{setupwhitespace} + +This document is produced with \type{\setupwhitespace[medium]}. + +When inter paragraph spacing is specified there are two commands available that +are seldom needed: + +\starttyping +\nowhitespace +\whitespace +\stoptyping + +When a paragraph consists of a horizontal line or a framed text like this: + +\startbuffer +\framed{Ridderstraat 27, 8061GH Hasselt} +\stopbuffer + +\getbuffer + +Sometimes spacing is suboptimal. For that purpose you could carry out a +correction with: + +\shortsetup{startlinecorrection} + +So if you would type: + +\startbuffer +\startlinecorrection +\framed{Ridderstraat 27, 8061GH Hasselt} +\stoplinecorrection +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +you will get a better output. Only use these commands if really needed! + +\getbuffer + +Another command to deal with vertical spacing is: + +\shortsetup{blank} + +The bracket pair is optional and within the bracket pair you can type the amount +of spacing. Keywords like \type{small}, \type{medium} and \type{big} are related +to the fontsize. + +\startbuffer +In official writings Hasselt always has the affix Ov. This is an +abbrevation for the province of {\em Overijssel}. +\blank[2*big] +The funny thing is that there is no other Hasselt in the Netherlands. +So it is redundant. +\blank +The affix is a leftover from the times that the Netherlands and +Belgium were one country under the reign of King Philip II of Spain. +\blank[2*big] +Hasselt in Belgium lies in the province of Limburg. One wonders if +the Belgian people write Hasselt (Li) on their letters. +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +The command \type{\blank} without the bracket pair is the default space. + +The example would become: + +\getbuffer + +The default spacing can be set up with: + +\shortsetup{setupblank} + +If you want to surpress vertical spacing you can use: + +\shortsetup{startpacked} + +In this manual the whitespace is set at \type{medium}. In the next situation this +set up is ignored and the lines are packed. + +\startbuffer +\startpacked +Hasselt (Ov) lies in Overijssel. + +Hasselt (Li) lies in Limburg. + +Watch out: we talk about Limburg in Belgium. There is +also a Dutch Limburg. +\stoppacked +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This will become: + +\getbuffer + +It is not hard to imagine why there is also: + +\shortsetup{startunpacked} + +You can force vertical space with \type{\godown}. The distance is specified +within the brackets. + +\shortsetup{godown} + +Try not to use this command. It is always better use the \type{\setup...} commands +to setup your spacing model. + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Whitespace before and after text components] + +Most text components that are coded with \CONTEXT\ have a \type{\setup...} command +with which you can define the whitespace before and after that component. + +\starttyping +\setupitemize + [before=,after=] + +\setuphead + [chapter] + [before=,after=] + +\setupframedtexts + [before=,after=] +\stoptyping + +The use of the \type{\setup...} commands prevents you from having to code +whitespaces throughout your \TEX\ document. This would lead to unreadable sources +and inconsistent use of whitepaces. + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Skipping space] + +\Command{\tex{hskip}} +\Command{\tex{vskip}} + +You can introduce horizontal and vertical space with \type{\hskip} and +\type{\vskip} commands. + +Try to avoid these commands in your text. It will probably lead to inconsistent +spacing. + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Indentation] + +\index{indentation} +\index{paragraph+indentation} + +\Command{\tex{indenting}} +\Command{\tex{noindenting}} +\Command{\tex{setupindenting}} + +You can set up the amount of the indentation with: + +\shortsetup{setupindenting} + +A reasonable indentation is achieved by: + +\starttyping +\setupindenting[yes,] +\stoptyping + +This will lead to indented paragraphs. By default, indentation after white space +(as issued by \type {\blank}) is suppressed. + +You can locally influence the indentation state by using: + +\shortsetup{indenting} + +When for instance you say \type {never}, from that moment on indentation will be +surpressed. Saying \type {none}, only influences the next paragraph. + +If you choose to use indentations, and at a certain place you explicitly {\em do +not} want to indent, you can also say: + +\starttyping +\noindenting +\stoptyping + +In some \type{\setup...} commands you can set the parameter \type{indent=yes}. This means +that the paragraph that follows the textcomponent will indent: + +\startbuffer +\setupitemize[indentnext=yes] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +\stopsection + +\stopchapter + +\stopcomponent |