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-\startcomponent co-columns
-
-\usemodule[visual] % for \fakewords
-
-\environment contextref-env
-\product contextref
-
-\chapter[columns]{Columns}
-
-\definecombination
- [fourpages]
- [%inbetween=\blank,
- distance=.5\bodyfontsize,
- width=\textwidth]
-
-\definecombination
- [twopages]
-
-\setuplayout
- [backspace=.1\paperwidth,
- topspace=.025\paperheight,
- header=0.025\paperheight,
- footer=0.025\paperheight,
- headerdistance=0.025\paperheight,
- footerdistance=0.025\paperheight,
- grid=yes,
- width=middle,
- height=middle]
-
-\setuppagenumbering
- [alternative=doublesided,
- location=]
-
-\setupwhitespace
- [line]
-
-\setupblank
- [line]
-
-\setuptyping
- [blank=halfline]
-
-\startbuffer[twopages]
-
-\startlinecorrection[blank]
-\startcombination[twopages][2*1]
- {\externalfigure[twopages][page=1,lines=15]} {}
- {\externalfigure[twopages][page=2,lines=15]} {}
-\stopcombination
-\stoplinecorrection
-
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[fourpages]
-
-\startlinecorrection[blank]
-\startcombination[fourpages][4*1]
- {\externalfigure[fourpages][page=1,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[fourpages][page=2,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[fourpages][page=3,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[fourpages][page=4,lines=10]} {}
-\stopcombination
-\stoplinecorrection
-
-\stopbuffer
-
-\startbuffer[eightpages]
-
-\startlinecorrection[blank]
-\startcombination[fourpages][4*2]
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=1,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=2,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=3,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=4,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=5,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=6,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=7,lines=10]} {}
- {\externalfigure[eightpages][page=8,lines=10]} {}
-\stopcombination
-\stoplinecorrection
-
-\stopbuffer
-
-\section{Introduction}
-\index{columns}
-
-
-This manual introduces {\em column sets}, one of the output
-routines of \CONTEXT. Although column sets are mainly meant
-for typesetting journals in a semi||automated way, you can
-also use them for books. We assume that the user is familiar
-with \CONTEXT\ and only discuss the commands that are
-related to column sets. This manual is dedicated to those on
-the \CONTEXT\ mailing list who urged me to explain how
-column sets work.
-
-This mechanism is still under construction which means that
-functionality may be added and improved. Given the complex
-nature of this kind of typeseting, you may occasionally run
-into strange situations.
-
-Column sets are not the most efficient mechanism in
-\CONTEXT, partly because we're actually dealing with
-multiple virtual pages (columns) per page, but mostly
-because of the features that we need to support.
-
-\startlines
-Hans Hagen
-PRAGMA ADE
-Hasselt, April 2003
-\stoplines
-
-\section{Basics}
-
-As soon as enough content is collected to build a page,
-\TEX\ will invoke the output routine. This is not a fixed
-piece of code, but a collection of macro calls. The default
-output routine is a meant for typesetting a single column,
-as in this document. A multi||column output routine is
-available as well. This routine mixes well with the single
-column one, and is activated by:
-
-\starttyping
-\startcolumns
-some text ...
-\stopcolumns
-\stoptyping
-
-There are some limitations to what you can do with this
-kind of multi columns, which is why we have a third routine
-at out disposal: {\em column sets}. This routine can be
-used for rather complex layouts with graphics all over the
-place, and text spanning columns or even spreads. There are
-of course some shortcomings, which we will discuss later.
-
-In the examples that follow we use the following style to
-set up the layout:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-000.tex}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-Before we will demonstrate more complex layouts, we will
-introduce a few features. In the next series of examples we
-use fake text. You can enlarge the pages in your viewer if
-you want to see more detail.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-001] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-These pages were typeset with the following code:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-001}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-The number of columns is not fixed to two. You can even have
-a different number of columns on left and right pages.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-002] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-This time the input is:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-002}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-In order to get the balancing you want, you can manually
-influence the height of a column.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-003] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-When you set the number of column lines to a positive value,
-that will be the number of lines. A negative value will be
-subtracted from the maximum number of lines.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-003}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-In articles you may want to let the introduction span
-multiple columns. A column span is defined independent of a
-column set and shows up as follows:
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-004] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Here we've given the span a background so that it stands
-out.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-004}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-A column span can be positioned like any graphic. Later we
-will discuss the placement options in more detail, for the
-moment all you need to know is that \type {btlr} tells
-\CONTEXT\ to place the graphic in the left bottom of the
-the text area.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-005] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Here we pass the \type {default} placement as parameter to
-the span, but you can also set it at definition time. We use
-a brute force simple column splitter to fake columns inside
-the span.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-005}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-You are not limited to one column span. In this sense a
-span is like a graphic: as long as there is room, it will
-be placed where you want it to be placed. The main
-difference between a span and a graphic is that a span
-expects text and tries to align the baselines with the rest
-of the text. In many ways a column span behaves like a
-framed text.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-006] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-This time we flushed one of the spans from bottom to top,
-starting at the right edge: \type {btrl}.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-006}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-Column spans are treated like graphics, which means that
-they will float if needed. In the process, the width is
-limited to the available space, which in some cases may
-lead to a smaller span than you may expect. Think of a
-column span, calculated (and prepared) in the last column
-and ending up on the next page in the first column, where a
-broader span would have been possible.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-007] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-007}
-
-\section{Graphics}
-
-Most documents have graphics, and therefore column sets can
-contain them. The main thing that you have to keep in mind
-when placing graphics, is that column sets are based on
-grids. Therefore spacing around graphics is also grid based.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-101] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-101}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-You can tell \CONTEXT\ where it should place the graphic,
-but this will only be honored when there is still place.
-
-\useexternalfigure[eightpages][columns/cols-102] \getbuffer[eightpages]
-
-The prefered location is passed as a four character
-directive:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-102}
-
-The following directives are available:
-
-\starttabulate[|lT|p|]
-\NC btlr \NC flush from bottom to top and left to right \NC \NR
-\NC btrl \NC flush from bottom to top and right to left \NC \NR
-\NC tblr \NC flush from top to bottom and left to right \NC \NR
-\NC tbrl \NC flush from top to bottom and right to left \NC \NR
-\NC lrbt \NC flush from left to right and bottom to top \NC \NR
-\NC lrtb \NC flush from left to right and top to bottom \NC \NR
-\NC rlbt \NC flush from right to left and bottom to top \NC \NR
-\NC rltb \NC flush from right to left and top to bottom \NC \NR
-\NC here \NC try to place the graphic here \NC \NR
-\NC fixd \NC force the graphic here and don't float \NC \NR
-\NC fxtb:c*r \NC place the graphic at (c,r) or lower if needed \NC \NR
-\NC fxbt:c*r \NC place the graphic at (c,r) or higher if needed \NC \NR
-\NC tops \NC place the graphic at the top of the page \NC \NR
-\NC bots \NC place the graphic at the bottom of the page \NC \NR
-\NC page \NC place the graphic at a separate page \NC \NR
-\stoptabulate
-
-In the next example we show the 16 directional locations:
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-103] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-103}
-
-\section{Areas}
-
-So far we have seen texts and graphics that span multiple
-columns using span commands and floats placement commands.
-We have also seen that you can define a different number of
-columns for left and right pages. Now that we have arrives
-at column areas you will see how we can span information
-over not only a page but also over pages in a spread.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-201] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Being a framed text, by default an area is aligned at the
-baseline. You can lower an area by setting the \type
-{location} to \type {depth}.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-201}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-You can position areas on the left, right or next page or on
-both pages. When you set \type {state} to \type {repeat}, an
-area is repeated, otherwise it is only placed once.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-202] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Here we just repeat the areas. Normally this only make sense
-when the content is worth repeating.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-202}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-Areas can span a spread, as is demonstrated in the next
-example.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-203] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-203}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-An application of a spread area is a title. In the next
-example we show two spread pages.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-204] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Watch how we explicitly go to a left page.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-204}
-
-The \type {\GapText} macro is an experimental fun macro and is
-used to make sure that we don't end up with a clipped
-character.
-
-\startlinecorrection[blank]
-\startcombination
- {\clip
- [nx=2,ny=6,x=2,y=2]
- {\externalfigure[columns/cols-204][page=2][lines=40]}} {left page}
- {\clip
- [nx=2,ny=6,x=1,y=2]
- {\externalfigure[columns/cols-204][page=3][lines=40]}} {right page}
-\stopcombination
-\stoplinecorrection
-
-This is a typical example of the kind of optimizations that
-are needed when you make documents of styles with text that
-spans a spread. In the next clip we visualize the gap.
-
-\startlinecorrection[blank]
-\startcombination
- {\clip
- [nx=2,ny=6,x=2,y=2]
- {\externalfigure[columns/cols-205][page=2][lines=40]}} {left page}
- {\clip
- [nx=2,ny=6,x=1,y=2]
- {\externalfigure[columns/cols-205][page=3][lines=40]}} {right page}
-\stopcombination
-\stoplinecorrection
-
-\page[mine]
-
-At some moment you may want to set up an area in advance as
-we have done in the following example.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-206] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-The \type {page} key is used to specify the page in the
-column set that the area should go into. Column set pages
-start numbering at~1. The \type {fixed} stands for left or
-right, whatever comes first.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-206}
-
-\section{Columns}
-
-You can use \type {\page} to go to a new page in a column
-set. Likewise you can use \type {\column} to force a column
-break.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-301] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-This example demonstrates that you can supply \type
-{\column} with explicit directives.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-301}
-
-You can use \type {\column[page]} as an alternative for
-\type {\page}.
-
-\section{Details}
-
-This chapter will cover a couple of cosmetic details of
-column sets. {\em Some features need to be improved,
-especially in combination with areas, graphics and alike. We
-will also provide side floats etc.}
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-401] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-You can set the distance between columns for each pair of
-columns. {\em Todo: left and right page distances and
-margins.}
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-401}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-When you can the distance of the first column as well. This
-creates a margin.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-402] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-This time we used equal distances:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-402}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-The width of columns is normally calculated automatically,
-but you can also set the width explicitly:
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-403] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-In code:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-403}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-For special effects, you can set the width per column. In
-that case you need to be aware of the fact that \TEX\ works
-its way through the document per paragraph. Changing
-the width halfway a paragraph is possible but will affect
-the whole paragraph. Therefore, this feature works best when
-you also goto the next column explicitly.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-404] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-In code:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-404}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-If you really want to change the width in the middle of a
-paragraph, you can do a trial run and include a breakpoint
-at the palce where you want it to occur:
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-405] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Again in code:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-405}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-Now, in situations like this, you definitely don't want the
-second page to have a wide first column as well. You'll want
-something:
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-406] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-We achieved this by chaining two column sets:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-406}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-This is still not perfect. Adapting the width to a change in
-column width is not trivial to implement in \TEX, especially
-because changes in the output routine do not naturally
-migrate to the outside world: output routines act in their
-own grouped environment. However, in most cases such a
-change is not desirable at all, since the second and
-following columns need to have equal widthts. The following
-solution is better.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-407] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Watch how we expliticly set the widths of the columns before
-entering the column set.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-407}
-
-\section{Flows}
-
-We will not introduce an old feature called text flow, but a
-bit tricky in combination with column sets:
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-501] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Beware, this is some experimental code:
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-501}
-
-\section{Directions}
-
-In this chapter we will cover typesetting from right to left
-as we as chinese.
-
-\section{Backgrounds}
-
-As with many \CONTEXT\ components, column sets can have
-backgrounds.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-701] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Watch how we use the \type {each} keyword to tell \CONTEXT\
-that we want to apply the background to each column of the
-set.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-701}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-Normally, if you apply backgrounds this way, you will also
-set the background offset. In a similar fashion you can
-apply backgrounds to areas and spans. Such backgrounds can
-be a color, or any overlay or layer you want.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-702] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-Here we've set the background offset as well as the frame.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-702}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-When dealing with areas, you need to be aware of the fact
-that they are clipped, the content as well as the
-background.
-
-\useexternalfigure[fourpages][columns/cols-703] \getbuffer[fourpages]
-
-De default clip offset is two times the lineheight, except
-in the binding, where it is set to zero points. You can set
-the clip offset with the \type {clipoffset} parameter.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-703}
-
-\page[mine]
-
-The text background mechanism is rather well adapted to
-column sets. The following example is a variant on an
-example shown in the manual titled {details}.
-
-\useexternalfigure[eightpages][columns/cols-704] \getbuffer[eightpages]
-
-Watch how we adapt the background to the fact and extent
-that the text spans one or more columns.
-
-\typefile{columns/cols-704}
-
-Backgrounds that follow the paragraph shape also work ok in
-column sets.
-
-\page
-
-\todo{an example of a bleeding graphic with column feed back (from techniek)}
-
-\section{Spanning and More}
-
-\todo{explanation} \page
-
-\useexternalfigure[twopages][columns/cols-801] \getbuffer[twopages] \typefile{columns/cols-801} \page[mine]
-\useexternalfigure[twopages][columns/cols-802] \getbuffer[twopages] \typefile{columns/cols-802} \page[mine]
-\useexternalfigure[twopages][columns/cols-803] \getbuffer[twopages] \typefile{columns/cols-803} \page[mine]
-\useexternalfigure[twopages][columns/cols-804] \getbuffer[twopages] \typefile{columns/cols-804} \page[mine]
-\useexternalfigure[twopages][columns/cols-805] \getbuffer[twopages] \typefile{columns/cols-805} \page[mine]
-\useexternalfigure[twopages][columns/cols-806] \getbuffer[twopages] \typefile{columns/cols-806} \page[mine]
-
-\stopcomponent