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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/amstex/base/amsguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/amstex/base/amsguide.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1219dc1d6df --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/amstex/base/amsguide.tex @@ -0,0 +1,2098 @@ +%%% ==================================================================== +%%% @TeX-file{ +%%% filename = "amsguide.tex", +%%% version = "2.2", +%%% date = "2001/08/07", +%%% time = "16:41:48 EDT", +%%% checksum = "38601 2098 10156 78439", +%%% filetype = "AMS-TeX: user documentation", +%%% author = "American Mathematical Society", +%%% copyright = "Copyright 2001 American Mathematical Society, +%%% all rights reserved. Copying of this file is +%%% authorized only if either: +%%% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, +%%% including name; OR +%%% (2) if you do make changes, you first rename it +%%% to some other name.", +%%% address = "American Mathematical Society, +%%% Technical Support, +%%% Publications Technical Group, +%%% P. O. Box 6248, +%%% Providence, RI 02940, +%%% USA", +%%% telephone = "401-455-4080 or (in the USA and Canada) +%%% 800-321-4AMS (321-4267)", +%%% FAX = "401-331-3842", +%%% email = "tech-support@ams.org (Internet)", +%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +%%% keywords = "amstex, ams-tex, tex", +%%% supported = "yes", +%%% abstract = "This file is the User's Guide describing the use of +%%% AMS-TeX 2.2. Installation instructions are found +%%% in appendix B, in file amstinst.tex.", +%%% docstring = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 checksum +%%% as the first value, followed by the equivalent of +%%% the standard UNIX wc (word count) utility output of +%%% lines, words, and characters. This is produced by +%%% Robert Solovay's checksum utility.", +%%% } +%%% ==================================================================== +% +% In addition to plain TeX and standard CM fonts, TeXing this file +% requires the following files and fonts: +% +% amstex.tex (version 2.1 or later) +% amsppt.sty (version 2.1 or later) +% amsppt.sti (version 2.1 or later) +% amssym.tex +% msam10 +% msbm10 +% eufm10 +% cmex7 +% cmex8 +% cmbsy7 +% cmcsc8 +% amstinst.tex (Appendices B and C to this User's Guide) +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\input amstex +\documentstyle{amsppt} + +\define\GuideVersion{2.2} +\define\GuideDate{August 2001} + +\font\tenss=cmss10 + +\long\def\usertype#1{\smallskip + \moveright2pc\vbox{\def\par{\crcr}\halign{% + \setbox0\hbox{\tt##}% + \hbox\ifdim\wd0<10pc to10pc\fi{\unhbox0\hfil}% + \kern1pc \it $\langle$return$\rangle$\hss + \cr#1\crcr}}% + \smallskip} +\long\def\systype#1{{\rightskip=4pc\leftskip=4pc\noindent\tt #1\par}} + +% Change default dimensions and fonts +\pageheight{49pc} +\dropfoliodepth=2pc +\hfuzz1pc % to suppress reporting of slightly overfull boxes. +\aboveheadskip=2\bigskipamount +\belowheadskip=\medskipamount +\subheadskip=\bigskipamount +\addto\tenpoint{\abovedisplayskip=6pt plus2pt minus3pt + \belowdisplayskip=\abovedisplayskip} +\loadbold +% Prevent hyphenation of "amsppt": +\hyphenation{amsppt} + +% Macros for text substitution and for presentation of examples. +% +\define\Textures{{\it Textures\/}} +\define\AMS{American Mathematical Society} +\define\JAMS{{\it Journal of the \AMS}} +\define\JoT{{\it The Joy of \TeX{}}} +\define\Joy{{\it Joy}} + +\def\filnam#1{{\tt\ignorespaces#1\unskip}} +\hyphenchar\tentt=-1 % to prohibit hyphenation in tt text + +\newdimen\exindent \exindent=2\parindent +% Add a high penalty to discourage line breaks within an example +% without absolutely prohibiting them. +{\obeylines + \gdef^^M{\par\penalty9999}% + \gdef\beginexample#1{\medskip\bgroup % + \def~{\char`\~}% + \NoBlackBoxes\tt\frenchspacing % + \parindent=0pt#1\leftskip=\exindent\obeylines} +}% end \obeylines +\def\endexample{\endgraf\egroup\medskip} +\newdimen\exboxwidth +\exboxwidth=3in +\def\exbox#1#2{\noindent \hangindent=\exboxwidth + \leavevmode\llap{\null\rm#1\unskip\enspace}% + \hbox to\exboxwidth{\tt\ignorespaces#2\hss}\rm\ignorespaces} +\chardef\\=`\\ \chardef\{=`\{ \chardef\}=`\} +\def\<#1>{{\it$\langle$#1\/$\rangle$}} +\def\Dimen{\<dimen>} + +\catcode`\@=11 +\def\cs#1{\leavevmode +% Save the previous skip and put it back after the penalty 0 +% so that the penalty0 won't cause a blank at the end of a line. + \skip@\lastskip\unskip\penalty\z@ + \ifdim\skip@>\z@ \hskip\skip@\fi + {\tt\char`\\\ignorespaces#1\unskip}} + +% Redefine the \subhead macro to be on a line by itself and omit period. +\outer\def\subhead#1\endsubhead{\par\penaltyandskip@{-100}\subheadskip + \noindent{\subheadfont@\ignorespaces#1\unskip\endgraf}\nobreak\noindent} + +% Define macros for presentation of tables of symbols. +\def\BBB#1{\par\bigbreak + \leavevmode\llap{$\bullet$\enspace}{\bf#1}} +\newdimen\biggest +\setbox0\hbox{$\dashrightarrow$}\biggest=\wd0 +\def\1#1{\hbox to\biggest{\hfill$\csname#1\endcsname$\hfill}\ \ % + \cs{#1}} +\def\fudge{\hbox to\biggest{}\ \ \hphantom{\tt\char'134 }} + +\def\getID@#1{\edef\next@{\expandafter\meaning\csname#1\endcsname}% + \expandafter\getID@@\next@0\getID@@} +\def\getID@@#1"#2#3#4#5#6\getID@@{\def\next@{#6}% + \edef\msafam@{\the\msafam}\edef\msbfam@{\the\msbfam}% + \ifx\next@\empty + \edef\next@{\number"#2}% + \ifx\next@\msafam@ + \def\ID@{10#3#4}% + \else + \ifx\next@\msbfam@ + \def\ID@{20#3#4}% + \else\message{Invalid family IDs for msam/msbm fonts, path 2}% + \fi\fi + \else + \edef\next@{\number"#3}% + \ifx\next@\msafam@ + \def\ID@{1#2#4#5}% + \else + \ifx\next@\msbfam@ + \def\ID@{2#2#4#5}% + \else\message{Invalid family IDs for msam/msbm fonts, path 3}% + \fi\fi + \fi} +\def\2#1{\hbox to.5\hsize + {\hbox to\biggest{\hfill$\csname#1\endcsname$\hfill}\ \ % + \getID@{#1}{\tt\ID@}\ \ \cs{#1}\hfill}} +\def\3#1#2{\hbox to.5\hsize + {\hbox to\biggest{\hfil$\csname#1\endcsname$\hfil}\ \ % + \getID@{#1}{\tt\ID@}\ \ \cs{#1}, \cs{#2}\hss}} +\def\4#1{\hbox to.5\hsize + {\hbox to\biggest{\hfill$\csname#1\endcsname$\hfill}\ \ % + \getID@{#1}{\tt\ID@}\ \ \cs{#1}\ \ {\eightpoint(U)}\hfill}} + +\catcode`\@=\active + +\define\thismonth{\ifcase\month % case 0 --- impossible! + \or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June% + \or July\or August\or September\or October\or November% + \or December\fi} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% TITLE PAGE + +% Quarantine the large fonts used for the title page +\begingroup +\font\fourtn=cmr10 scaled \magstep2 +\font\fourtnsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3 +\font\fourtnbf=cmbx10 scaled \magstep3 +\textfont2=\fourtnsy + +\shipout\vbox to\vsize{% +\parindent=0pt +\vskip5pc +\rightline{\fourtnbf User's Guide to \AmSTeX{}} +\bigskip +\rightline{\fourtn Version \GuideVersion} +\medskip +\rightline{\fourtn \GuideDate} +%\rightline{\fourtn {\thismonth} {\number\year}} + +\vfill + +\tenpoint + +This publication was typeset using \AmSTeX{}, the American +Mathematical\newline \quad Society's \TeX{} macro system. + +Copyright \copyright{} 2001 by the \AMS{}. + +All rights reserved. Any material in this guide may be reproduced or +duplicated for personal or educational use. + +\medskip +\begingroup\obeylines +\TeX{} is a trademark of the \AMS{}. +\endgroup +}% End of vbox being shipped out +\endgroup + +%% END TITLE PAGE + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\topmatter +\title\nofrills User's Guide to \AmSTeX{} Version 2.2\endtitle + +%\date {\thismonth} {\number\year}\enddate +\date \GuideDate\enddate + +\toc +\widestnumber\head{7} +\head 1. Overview\endhead +\head 2. Formatting Features\endhead +\head 3. Mathematical Constructions\endhead +\head 4. Fonts\endhead +\head 5. Symbol Names\endhead +\head 6. Other Things You Ought to Know\endhead +\head 7. Getting Help\endhead +\head {} References\endhead +\head {} Appendix A. Sample Bibliography Input and Output\endhead +\head {} Appendix B. Installation Procedures\endhead +\head {} Appendix C. Before Installing \AmSTeX: Facts About Fonts\endhead +\endtoc + +\endtopmatter +\document + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\head 1. Overview\endhead + +\AmSTeX{} is a macro package for \TeX{}, designed to simplify the input +of mathematical material and format the output according to preset style +specifications. Although the \AMS{} holds the copyright for \AmSTeX{}, +its use is not restricted, but is encouraged for the preparation of +manuscripts intended for publication both in the Society's books and +journals, and also in other mathematical literature. + +Version 2.0 of \AmSTeX{} was released in 1990, concurrent with the +publication of the second edition of \JoT{}. It contained numerous +minor improvements and bug fixes, as well as some major changes +involving additional fonts. Version 2.1 was first released in 1991; +interim updates are identified by changes in release date. The present +version 2.2 was released in August 2001. This User's Guide describes all +the new and changed features from these versions and how to use them, +with further additions and revisions pertaining to the current release. +Topics are grouped by type, and then presented in roughly the same order +as they appear in \JoT{}. + +This User's Guide assumes that you already have a copy of \JoT{}. It +contains references to specific sections that won't help you much if you +don't have a copy. It also assumes for the most part that you will be +using the ``preprint style'', a set of macros that provides features +specific to the formatting of a document, such as headings, page +numbers, and the like. If you are planning to use the preprint style, +you will also need to have a copy of AMSFonts Version~2.2. \JoT{} and +AMSFonts 2.2 are available from the \AMS{} and other distributors. + +\subhead Files Comprising the \AmSTeX{} Version~2.2 package +\endsubhead + +The following files are contained in the \AmSTeX{} Version~2.2 package +distributed by the \AMS{}: +\medskip +\settabs\+\indent&\filnam{amsguide.tex}\qquad&\kern.6\hsize\cr +\+&\filnam{amstex.tex}& + the \AmSTeX{} Version 2.2 macros\cr +\+&\filnam{amstex.bug}& + a chronicle of bug fixes to \filnam{amstex.tex} and + \filnam{amsppt.sty},\cr +\+&& as well as known open bugs\cr +\+&\filnam{amssym.tex}& + macros defining the symbols in fonts \filnam{msam} and + \filnam{msbm}\cr +\+&\filnam{amsppt.sty}& + the preprint style for \AmSTeX{} Version 2.2\cr +\+&\filnam{amsppt.sti}& + initialization options for the \AmSTeX{} 2.2 preprint style\cr +\+&\filnam{amsppt.doc}& + technical documentation for \filnam{amsppt.sty}\cr +\+&\filnam{amsppt.faq}& + some frequently asked questions and answers about \AmSTeX{}\cr +\+&\filnam{amsguide.tex}& + the source file for this User's Guide\cr +\+&\filnam{amstinst.tex}& + the source file for Installation Procedures;\cr +\+&& appendices to this User's Guide\cr +\+&\filnam{amsppt1.tex}& + a backward compatibility file for use with documents\cr +\+&& already completed using \AmSTeX{} versions earlier than 2.0\cr +\+&\filnam{joyerr.tex}& + errata to \JoT{} (first edition)\cr +\+&\filnam{joyerr2.tex}& + errata to \JoT{} (second edition)\cr +\+&\filnam{amstex.ini}& + used in creating format files\cr +\medskip + +The file \filnam{amsppt.doc} is an {\smc ascii} file, and is +not intended to be processed with \TeX{}\null. This documentation file +is arranged in the same order as the macro file that it describes, and +explains the intent and mechanics of the macros in detail. A separate +file (\filnam{amstex.doc}), documenting the file \filnam{amstex.tex}, +is available on request. + +In addition, other files are used during installation. +For instructions on installing the \AmSTeX{} macros and preprint style, +see Appendix B\null. This appendix describes the installation process +for \TeX{} systems based on the \TeX{} Directory Structure (TDS), and +also gives suggestions for installation on other systems. + +\subhead General Description of Changes\endsubhead + +\AmSTeX{} 2.0+, the preprint style, and their technical +documentation are the result of a joint effort begun by Michael Spivak +and extended by the Composition Technical Support group of the \AMS{}. + +In version 2.0 of \AmSTeX{}, the following changes were made: +\widestnumber\item{10} +\roster +\item All known bugs were eliminated. +\item Messages were added identifying the current versions of + \filnam{amstex.tex} and \filnam{amsppt.sty}, to be displayed on your + terminal screen and in the log file. +\item Some error and help messages were changed for the sake of + clarity or to provide more information. +\item Refinements were made to conserve memory space. +\item The CM versions of the Computer Modern fonts were substituted for the + older AM versions. +\item Support for additional fonts was added. + + \itemitem{(a)} \filnam{amstex.tex} provides the mechanism for accessing + the Euler and extra symbol fonts of the AMSFonts collection. + \itemitem{(b)} The preprint style assumes that fonts \filnam{msam}, + \filnam{msbm}, and \filnam{eufm} are installed and available. + +\item Changes were made to the preprint style to make it conform + more closely to the style of AMS publications, in particular, the \JAMS. + + \itemitem{(a)} Running heads were made automatic; they can be suppressed + if desired. + \itemitem{(b)} Additional elements are recognized in both the top matter + and the body of a document, and the input syntax was regularized. + \itemitem{(c)} Footnotes were changed to have normal indentation.% + \footnote{Like this.} + \itemitem{(d)} The style of the references was changed considerably. + +\item The ability to produce roman-numeral page numbers using the + plain \TeX{} convention (negative \cs{pageno}) was added. +\item In the preprint style, mathematics-oriented hyphenation exceptions + were added. (These follow American, not British, rules.) +\item An option was added in the preprint style that + allows documents to be formatted + as chapters of a monograph rather than as separate papers. +\item Finally, some optional formatting features requested by + \AmSTeX{} users were added to the preprint style. +\endroster + +\medskip +In version 2.1, the following changes were made: +\roster +\item \cs{curraddr}, \cs{rom}, and \cs{linespacing} were added. +\item Additional error conditions were identified and supplied with more + informative messages. +\item A sporadic line-breaking problem in the preprint style references + section was remedied. +\item Some bugs introduced into the preprint style during the + version 2.0 changes were found and eliminated. +\item Use of the Euler fonts other than medium Euler Fraktur was + made more convenient. +\item The ability to use multiple \cs{thanks} commands was added. +\item The \cs{proclaim} font was changed from slanted to italic, and + \cs{proclaimfont} provided so that users can change it if desired. +\item \cs{nologo} was reinstated. +\item The installation instructions were revised and augmented. +\item The backward compatibility file \filnam{amsppt1.tex} was added. +\endroster + +\medskip +These changes were made in the January 1997 release: +\roster +\item Bugs reported since the release of version 2.1 were fixed. +\item \cs{urladdr} was added; \cs{linespacing} was documented. +\item Bibliographic elements were added for {\it Math.\ Reviews}, + {\it CMP\/} and AMS preprint server references. +\item Various changes were made to permit easier customization: + + \itemitem{(a)} Command names were given to fonts and dimensions used + in various environments. + \itemitem{(b)} Changeable end-of-document processing was split out + and associated with a new command name. + \itemitem{(c)} The output routine was simplified. + \itemitem{(d)} Initialization options that a user might want to + suppress to save space were moved into a separate file, + \filnam{amsppt.sti} + +\item Page dimensions were changed in the preprint style to match the + current AMS publication specifications. +\item The mechanism for loading AMSFonts was changed to make it easier + for a user to specify the use of a PostScript outline version. +\item The installation instructions were updated and augmented. +\endroster + +These changes were made in version 2.2: +\roster +\item Bugs reported since the release of version 2.1 were fixed. +\item The requirement to acknowledge use of \AmSTeX{} was removed, and + the copyright statement and restriction notice is no longer printed + out on the terminal every time \AmSTeX{} starts up. +\item The installation instructions were completely revised, and based + on the \TeX{} Directory Structure (TDS) used by most current \TeX{} + distributions. +\item a \cs{subjclassyear} command was provided to allow a particular + version of the Mathematics Subject Classification to be cited. +\endroster + +\subhead This User's Guide\endsubhead + +This User's Guide has been prepared using \AmSTeX{} Version~2.2 with the +preprint style. Some changes have been made: font and dimension settings +have been reset, the macros for headings have been redefined to produce a +result more suited to documentation, and some {\it ad hoc\/} macros have +been defined to simplify the presentation of particular information. +However, in general, this document and the file from which it was produced +illustrate the general appearance and input for a preprint with running +heads. Printing the output of \TeX{} for this Guide requires AMSFonts +Version~2.0 or later +(users of AMSFonts Version~2.0 are strongly encouraged to upgrade to +Version~2.2). + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\head 2. Formatting Features +\endhead + +Formatting documents prepared with \AmSTeX{} is accomplished by a +``style file''. The features described here are part of the preprint +style. The \AmSTeX{} preprint style, Version~2.2, will format an input +file in a manner suitable for a paper in a journal, unless the style of +a \cs{Monograph} is explicitly selected. Unless noted otherwise, +the journal style is the style described below. + +\setbox1=\hbox{\tt\\dedicatory...\\enddedicatory\ } +\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\wd1\parindent=0pt\tt\obeylines + \strut\\title...\\endtitle + \\author...\\endauthor + \\affil...\\endaffil + \\address...\\endaddress + \\curraddr...\\endcurraddr + \\email...\\endemail + \\urladdr...\\endurladdr + \\thanks...\\endthanks + \\dedicatory...\\enddedicatory + \\date...\\enddate + \\translator...\\endtranslator + \\keywords...\\endkeywords + \\subjclass...\\endsubjclass + \strut\\abstract...\\endabstract\endgraf} +\setbox1=\hbox{$\dsize\left\lbrace\,\vcenter{\vphantom{\copy0}}\right. + \nulldelimiterspace=0pt$}% +\setbox2=\hbox{\kern-\wd1$\dsize\left\lbrace\,\vcenter{\copy0}\right\rbrace$} + +\subhead Top Matter\endsubhead + +Some commands affect the appearance of a whole document. Such commands +should go at the top of your input file, right after the \cs{documentstyle} +line and before the \cs{topmatter} line. This area will be referred to as +the ``preamble''. Commands that should be in the preamble include +\cs{define}, \cs{TagsOnRight} and the like, +\cs{NoPageNumbers}, \cs{NoRunningHeads}, \cs{Monograph}, +\cs{pagewidth}, \cs{pageheight}, \cs{pageno}, +and commands that load fonts. +The preamble is relevant to any document, whether paper or monograph. + +The beginning of an \AmSTeX{} file should look something like what +is shown in Figure 1. + +\topinsert + +\beginexample{} +\\input amstex +\\documentstyle\{...\} +\medskip +\<preamble commands, such as \cs{define}, \cs{pageno}, \cs{Monograph}, +\leavevmode\hbox to20pt{}\cs{NoRunningHeads}, \cs{loadbold}, etc.> +\medskip +\\topmatter +\indent\box2 +\strut\\endtopmatter +\\document +\endexample + +\botcaption {Figure 1} The beginning of an \AmSTeX{} file +\endcaption +\endinsert + +If any \cs{end...}\ tag is omitted (or misspelled), an error message will +appear at \cs{endtopmatter} or at the next blank line: for example, if +you misspell \cs{endtitle}, the message will be something like +``{\tt !~Paragraph ended before \cs{title} was +com\discretionary{-}{}{}plete}.'' If you omit \cs{endtopmatter}, there +won't be any error message, but none of the topmatter material will +print. %{\tolerance2000\par} +Tags should be omitted for any top matter elements for which there is +no data; if ``empty'' tags are included, empty footnotes may appear on +the first page, or labels indicating addresses at the end of a paper. + +If you have documents that were prepared for versions of \AmSTeX{} +earlier than version 2.0, you may find the file \filnam{amsppt1.tex} +useful. By including the line \cs{input amsppt1} immediately after the +\cs{documentstyle} line, the topmatter commands and the sectioning +commands that changed in form will work in the original way. Other than +that, there should be few incompatibility problems with previous +versions. Note: The use of \filnam{amsppt1.tex} is discouraged except +for processing preexisting files. + +For multi-line titles, affiliations, authors, or dedications (basically +everywhere that lines are centered individually rather than being set in +paragraphs), line breaks are obtained by using \cs{\\}. In other parts +of the topmatter, which are set in paragraph form, line breaks are +obtained by \cs{linebreak}. + +The title will be set in uppercase. To turn off the automatic +uppercasing, use the \cs{nofrills} option: +\cs{title\\nofrills...\\endtitle}. + +Each author is tagged separately, followed by address(es) and other +information associated with that author. + +Normally, the address given with \cs{address} is the address of the +author at the time the research was being done; if the author's +address at the time of publication is different, the current address +should be given with \cs{curraddr}. This should be entered immediately +following the \cs{address} for the same author. If a \cs{curraddr} is +not paired with an \cs{address}, the current address will not print. + +Electronic mail addresses can be tagged \cs{email...\\endemail}. +Like \cs{curraddr}, every \cs{email} address must be paired with a regular +\cs{address}, otherwise the e-mail address will not print. +The \cs{email} address will be printed at the end of the paper, as +``{\it E-mail address:\/} \<net-address>'', following the address (and +current address, if present) with which it is paired. + +URLs, the addresses of ``home pages'' on the World Wide Web, can be +included using \cs{urladdr...\\endurladdr}. They behave in the same +manner as \cs{email} addresses. + +The \cs{thanks} command is provided for acknowledgments of grant support +and other kinds of support for the author's research, or other general +information not covered by one of the predefined tags such as +\cs{keywords} or \cs{subjclass}. The information will be printed as an +unnumbered footnote at the bottom of the first page. Like \cs{address}, +\cs{thanks} can be used more than once, and is associated with a +particular author. + +In case a paper has not only an author but a translator, \cs{translator} +is provided. This information will be printed at the end of the paper in +eight-point roman, as ``Translated by'' followed by the translator's name +in uppercase. + +The \cs{dedicatory} command is used for such things as +``Dedicated to Professor X on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.'' +The dedication will appear in italics, before the abstract. + +The information for \cs{keywords} and \cs{subjclass} appears as +unnumbered footnotes at the foot of the first page, as in AMS journals. +In a monograph chapter they will not print at all, since they should be +handled separately, as part of the front matter for the monograph. +By default, for backward compatibility, the 1991 Mathematics Subject +Classification will be cited; to specify the 2000 Mathematics Subject +Classification, enter +\beginexample{} +\\subjclassyear\{2000\} +\\subjclass ...\\endsubjclass +\endexample + +The abstract heading ``{\eightpoint\smc Abstract.}''\ appears in caps +and small caps, in the same size (eight point) as the abstract itself. + +A simple table of contents setup is available. Tables of contents +are typed in the topmatter along with everything else (except for +monographs---see the section {\bf Book Formatting} below), using +\cs{toc...\\endtoc}. +\beginexample{} +\\toc +\\specialhead...\\endspecialhead +\\head...\\endhead +\\subhead...\\endsubhead +\\subsubhead...\\endsubsubhead +\\endtoc +\endexample +\noindent +The syntax of the parts is identical to the syntax used +for headings within the document (see the sections {\bf Headings} and +{\bf Book Formatting} below), so that for those who wish to do so +and have a capable text editor, the table of contents can be constructed +by extracting the relevant lines from the main text.\footnote{But note that +the original line breaks in multi-line headings would not be appropriate +for the table of contents, so you'd want to remove any \cs{\\}es that +might be present.} + +Page numbers aren't usually appropriate for the short table of contents +that might appear in a journal article, but if desired, page numbers can +be entered in a manner similar to that for a monograph; see the section +{\bf Book Formatting} below. + +The hanging indentation within a table of contents for \cs{head} and +\cs{subhead} is preset to accommodate numbers of the form +``1.''\ and ``1.1.''\ respectively; the amount of indentation can +be adjusted by using \cs{widestnumber}: +\beginexample{} +\\toc +\\widestnumber\\head\{10\} +\\widestnumber\\subhead\{10.1\} +... +\endexample +\noindent This can be done more than once within different sections of +the table of contents, if desired. + +If the ``section number'' of a \cs{head} happens to be something like +``Appendix'' (as actually happens in this User's Guide), a pair +of empty braces should be entered before it, as follows: +\beginexample{} +\\head \{\}\ Appendix. Sample bibliography input ...\\endhead +\endexample +\noindent +Insertion of {\tt\{\}} followed by a space at the beginning of the heading +text will cause the entire entry to be set flush left as a unit. + +If you are preparing a monograph, the format and content of the top matter +will be different. See the section below on {\bf Book Formatting} for +details. + + +\subhead Headings \endsubhead + +There are four levels of headings (not counting +\cs{title}): +\beginexample{} +\\specialhead...\\endspecialhead +\\head...\\endhead +\\subhead...\\endsubhead +\\subsubhead...\\endsubsubhead +\endexample +\noindent The heading of +this section was typed as +\beginexample{} +\\head 2. Formatting Features +\\endhead +\endexample + +\noindent And the subheading for this subsection was typed as +\beginexample{} +\\subhead Headings\\endsubhead +\endexample +\noindent +Ordinarily, subheadings in the preprint style are run into the text, but for +this User's Guide, the style varies slightly. + +\indent\cs{specialhead} is for long articles that need extra divisions at +a level above the \cs{head} level. In the preprint style +\cs{specialhead} uses boldface type and is set ragged right; \cs{head} +is small caps, centered; \cs{subhead} is boldface, flush left, +run in with the following text; and +\cs{subsubhead} is italic, indented as for an ordinary paragraph, and run +into the text. + +Explicit line breaks are obtained by a \cs{\\} in a \cs{head} or a +\cs{specialhead}, but for \cs{subhead} and \cs{subsubhead}, +which are part of their paragraph, just use \cs{linebreak} as +you would in normal paragraphed text. + +If you are preparing a monograph, the styles of headings will be different. +See the section below on {\bf Book Formatting} for details. + + +\subhead Theorems and Proofs \endsubhead + +In addition to the usual proclamations and demonstrations, mathematicians +may pose other kinds of propositions, which editors may prefer to see +presented in different styles. The following have been provided in +the preprint style. +\beginexample{} +\\definition...\\enddefinition +\\example...\\endexample +\\remark...\\endremark +\endexample +\noindent +The proof of any proclamation is indicated by \cs{demo...}\cs{enddemo}. + +Note that all kinds of proclamations, demonstrations and propositions +must be ended explicitly; a check for proper endings is included with +all classes of proclamations and a missing \cs{end...} is reported. + +In the preprint style \cs{definition} and \cs{example} have +the spacing and heading font of \cs{proclaim}, but are in roman. +\cs{remark} resembles \cs{demo} +except that extra space added at the end of a proof by \cs{enddemo} +is not added by \cs{endremark}. + +In accordance with the style of the \JAMS, the labels on \cs{proclaim}s +and similar constructions are now printed in boldface type (\cs{bf}) +and the text in italic (\cs{it}). (The command \cs{proclaimfont} is +provided so that a user can change the text of a proclamation to +slanted type if desired: \cs{redefine\\proclaimfont\{\\sl\}}.) + +It is conventional in mathematical publishing to use roman, upright +numbers and punctuation even in the midst of +italic text, to avoid visual conflicts with numbers and punctuation in +adjacent math formulas. Since dedicated ``mathematical text italic'' +fonts containing roman numbers and punctuation are not currently +available, the \filnam{amsppt} preprint style provides a command +\cs{rom} to be applied inside theorems and other stretches of +italic text, to give the desired results. +For example, to~produce + +\proclaim{Proposition 2.5} Let $S_1,\dots,S_m$ be the components +of a $J$-holomorphic cusp-curve $S$ and suppose that each +component $S_i$ is \rom(a multiple covering of\rom) a regular +curve and that Assumption \rom{(1.4a)} is satisfied. \dots +\endproclaim + +\noindent you would use \cs{rom} in the following places: +\beginexample{} +each component \$S\char`\_i\$ is \\rom(a multiple covering of\\rom) a +regular curve and that Assumption \\rom\{(1.4a)\} is satisfied +\endexample + +As you can see, \cs{rom} is used like the math font command \cs{roman}: +it applies to the next single character or the next group enclosed in +braces. + +\subhead Other Devices \endsubhead + +For a list produced by \cs{roster}, the amount of indentation can be +adjusted to accommodate wide item numbers. Just before beginning the +\cs{roster}, type, for example, \cs{widestnumber\\item\{(viii)\}}. +This adjustment is temporary. The default will be reinstated by +\cs{endroster}. + +The command \cs{cite} produces +a reference citation in roman type, within square brackets: \cite{21}. + +A structure \cs{block...}\cs{endblock} is provided for quotations. +It is intended for use in the middle of a paragraph to quote an +extract from another source. + + +\subhead Book Formatting \endsubhead + +If you are preparing a monograph, several features are available in the +preprint style that will make your output look like chapters rather than +individual papers. + +First of all, you must signal your intentions by typing \cs{Monograph} +in the preamble, right after the \cs{documentstyle} line. + +A typical topmatter section for a monograph chapter would be typed +like this: +\beginexample{} +\\documentstyle\{amsppt\} +\\Monograph +\\topmatter +\\title\\chapter\{4\} Matrix Algebras\\endtitle +\\endtopmatter +\endexample +\noindent which produces a chapter heading that looks like this: +\bigskip +\vbox{ +\centerline{\eightpoint CHAPTER IV} +\bigskip +\centerline{\bf MATRIX ALGEBRAS}} +\bigskip +\noindent +Notice that the number is converted automatically to roman numerals and +the word ``{\eightpoint CHAPTER}'' is added. For a chapter title that +needs a different sort of treatment, \cs{nofrills} can be used: + +\beginexample{} +\\topmatter +\\title\\chapter\\nofrills\{APPENDIX D\} The Poisson Integral\\endtitle +\\endtopmatter +\endexample +\noindent This produces +\bigskip +\vbox{ +\centerline{\eightpoint APPENDIX D} +\bigskip +\centerline{\bf THE POISSON INTEGRAL}} +\bigskip +\noindent The replacement \cs{chapter} text will appear exactly as +typed. + +Finally, for things like a preface or introduction which have no +pretitle text at all, omit the \cs{chapter} command: +\beginexample{} +\\topmatter +\\title Preface\\endtitle +\\endtopmatter +\endexample + +In monographs, the table of contents is usually treated as a separate +chapter. Start by typing the title ``Contents'' as for a preface or +introduction, and then use the \cs{toc...\\endtoc} structure as the +body of the document (rather than putting it in the topmatter, as you +would for a journal article). +\beginexample{} +\\topmatter +\\title Contents\\endtitle +\\endtopmatter +\bigskip +\\document +\\toc +\\title Preface\\page\{vii\}\\endtitle +\\title\\chapter\{1\} Matrix Algebras\\page\{1\}\\endtitle +\\head \{\} Continuous complex-valued functions\\page\{1\}\\endhead +... +\\title Bibliography\\page\{307\}\\endtitle +\\endtoc +\\enddocument +\endexample + +The chapter titles listed in the table of contents are typed in the same +way as in actual use. To get page numbers in the table of contents, use +\cs{page} as shown, just before the ending of an element. This option +is available for all levels of headings. + +In a monograph using the preprint style, the chapter title is used for +the left running head and the text of section headings +(from \cs{head}) appears as the right running head. +It's not uncommon for the text of a heading to be too long to fit +in the running head width; in such a case use \cs{rightheadtext} to +specify a shortened form of the heading for use in the running heads: +\beginexample{} +\\head Fourier coefficients of continuous periodic functions +of bounded entropy norm\\endhead +\\rightheadtext\{Fourier coefficients of periodic functions\} +\endexample +\noindent This should follow immediately after the \cs{head}, to ensure +that both take effect on the same page. If the chapter title is too long +to fit as a running head, a shortened form can be supplied in a similar +way with \cs{leftheadtext} immediately after the \cs{title}. +See also the section~{\bf Running Heads}. + +The style for a chapter of a monograph differs in some particulars from the +style for a paper. The text of a \cs{head} will be boldface instead of +small caps; headings of theorems, propositions, definitions, remarks, etc\. +will be small caps instead of boldface, and indented rather than flush +left. + + +\subhead Inserts with Captions \endsubhead + +Figures, tables, and some other kinds of objects are often handled as +inserts. These objects may be prepared separately from the main document +and pasted in, in which case space must be left for them. +These objects usually have captions; a caption may be positioned above (for +a table) or below (for a figure). + +An insert may be specified for the top or ``middle'' of a page, i.e., +right where the input for the insert occurs in the text. These are +typed as \cs{topinsert} and \cs{midinsert} respectively. +Furthermore, a caption may be placed at the top or the bottom of the insert, +using the tags \cs{topcaption} and \cs{botcaption} respectively. + +The general structure used to specify an insert with a caption at the top is: +\beginexample{} +\\topinsert\quad{\rm or}\quad \\midinsert +\cs{captionwidth}\{\Dimen\}\quad{\rm(optional)} +\\topcaption\{\<caption label>\} +\ \<optional caption text> +\\endcaption +\cs{vspace}\{\Dimen\}\quad{\rm or}\quad% + \<optional code for the insertion body> +\\endinsert +\endexample + +Here the notation \Dimen{} means a valid \TeX{} dimension as +described in the {\bf Dimensions} section of \JoT{}. +If a bottom caption was desired, \cs{topcaption} would be replaced by +\cs{botcaption}, and +the \cs{vspace} command (or the +optional code for the insertion body) would be moved before the +\cs{botcaption} macro. + +The \cs{vspace\{\Dimen\}} option would be used to leave blank space for +an object to be pasted into place. The value of the \Dimen{} should be +the exact height of the object to be pasted in, because extra space +around the object and the caption are dependent on the document style, +and will be provided automatically. + +The \cs{captionwidth\{\Dimen\}} option may be used to override the default +caption width specified by the document style. + +The \<caption label> is something like ``Figure~1'' or ``Table~2a''. +Do not type any final punctuation; it will be provided. The caption +label will be set in caps and small caps. + +The \<optional caption text> is any descriptive text that may be desired. +The preprint style will set this in roman. Even if there is no text, the +\cs{endcaption} tag must be present. + +If you choose to include the \TeX{} code for a figure, table, or other +captioned object in the input, then omit the \cs{vspace} command +and type the code where appropriate (before \cs{botcaption} +or after the \cs{endcaption} of \cs{topcaption}). + +Sometimes a table is small enough that it is not necessary to put it in an +insert. If the caption is to appear above it, input can be typed as follows: +\beginexample{} +\\topcaption\{\<caption label>\} +\ \<optional caption text> +\\endcaption +\ \<code for the table body> +\endexample +\noindent +The form of the input would be the following if the caption is to appear below: +\beginexample{} +\ \<code for the table body> +\\botcaption\{\<caption label>\} +\ \<optional caption text> +\\endcaption +\endexample +\noindent +To avoid page-breaking problems, +this form of ``insertion'' should be used only for very small objects. + + +\subhead Page Numbers \endsubhead + +If you are using the preprint style, page numbers will appear in the running +heads, at the outside margin, except for the first page, where the running head +will be omitted and the page number will be centered at the bottom of the page. + +If you wish to omit page numbers, type \cs{NoPageNumbers} in the preamble +of the document (after the \cs{documentstyle} line). +The running head text will remain; see also {\bf Running Heads}. + +You can get roman numeral page numbers, e.g.\ for a table of contents or +preface, using the normal \TeX{} convention of \cs{pageno} plus +a negative number. + + +\subhead Page Size and Line Spacing \endsubhead + +In the preprint style, the default page width is 30pc, and the default +height is 50.5pc. +You can change the size of the page by typing +\beginexample{} +\\pagewidth\{\Dimen\}\newline +\\pageheight\{\Dimen\} +\endexample +\noindent using suitable \Dimen{}s, where by this notation we mean a +valid \TeX{} dimension as described in the {\bf Dimensions} section of +\JoT{}. + +The spacing between lines in the preprint style is ordinarily 2pt greater +than the nominal type size. This can be changed by providing a multiplication +factor to the command \cs{linespacing}; for example, \cs{linespacing\{1.5\}} +gives the effect of typewritten doublespacing. + + +\subhead QED \endsubhead + +In the preprint style, \cs{qed} gives an open box `$\square$', +separated from what precedes it by a quad of space. + + +\subhead Running Heads \endsubhead + +If you are using the preprint style, running heads similar to those in +\Joy{} will appear, with text in the center and page numbers to the +outside. (On the first page, as usual, the running head is omitted, and +the page number is placed at the bottom.) + +If you do nothing to define the text of the running heads, the author's +name will be used on the left-hand and the title on the right-hand pages. +(This is the style for papers; for monographs, see below.) +If you want some other values, say a shortened title, you +can redefine the text to appear on left- and right-hand pages by typing +\beginexample{} +\\leftheadtext\{\<left running head text>\} +\\rightheadtext\{\<right running head text>\} +\endexample + +\noindent These instructions can appear anywhere after the +\cs{documentstyle} command, but the most +common place to use them is immediately after a \cs{title} or +\cs{author} or \cs{head} to override the automatic running head text. +If \cs{rightheadtext} or \cs{leftheadtext} is specified above the +topmatter, \cs{title} and \cs{author} will not override them. + +If you are doing a monograph rather than a journal article, and use +the \cs{Monograph} switch, it affects the running heads as follows: +The chapter title appears in the left-hand running heads, and the text of +the current section heading (from \cs{head}) appears in the right-hand +running heads. In chapters that don't contain any \cs{head}s---for +example, a foreword---both the left- and right-hand running heads +will contain the chapter title. + +By default, running heads will be uppercase. This is a frill that +can be turned off by \cs{nofrills}, e.g., +\beginexample{} +\\rightheadtext\\nofrills\{Text of Running Head\} +\endexample + +If for some reason you don't want running heads at all, type +\cs{NoRunningHeads} in the preamble of the document (after the +\cs{documentstyle} line). When running heads are omitted, page numbers +will appear centered at the bottom of the page. (And even those can be +turned off using \cs{NoPageNumbers}.) + +In a monograph, if you don't want +the text from the section \cs{head}s to appear in the running heads +you must redefine the internal command, \cs{headmark}, that is used +by \cs{head} to set the right-hand running head. To do this, put the +following line in your document file, after \cs{Monograph} and +before \cs{topmatter}: +\beginexample{} +\\redefine\\headmark\#1\{\} +\endexample +\noindent (where the {\tt\#1} is an argument number as explained in \Joy, +in the description of \cs{define} and related commands). + +\subhead Tables \endsubhead + +There are no special macros to support the creation of tables in +\AmSTeX{}. Plain \TeX{}'s \cs{settabs} +command and \cs{halign} can also be used (see {\it The \TeX{}book} for +documentation of their usage). More sophisticated table macro packages +are available from other sources. See also the section {\bf Inserts with +Captions} above. + +\subhead Bibliographies \endsubhead + +The references section of a paper begins with \cs{Refs} and must have +\cs{endRefs} at the end. Each entry in the references begins with +\cs{ref} and ends with \cs{endref}. The individual elements between +\cs{ref} and \cs{endref} can be specified in any order. However, +following \cs{ref} is usually a number or other label identifying the +particular reference. This label is produced using \cs{key}. +The format of the labels is determined by the current +{\it references style}, which is set by the \cs{refstyle} +command. The preprint document style provides three reference +styles denoted A, B, and C, corresponding to +letter labels, no labels, and arabic numbers respectively. +The form of the \cs{cite} and \cs{key} commands for each +style, and the output they produce, is as follows: +$$ +\vbox{\offinterlineskip\def\strut{\vrule depth.35\normalbaselineskip + width0pt height.75\normalbaselineskip}\tabskip0pt + \halign{{\tt\strut#}\hfil&\quad#\hfil&\quad\vrule\quad{\tt#}\hfil& + \quad#\hfil&\quad\vrule\quad{\tt#}\hfil&\quad#\hfil\cr +\multispan2\strut depth.7\normalbaselineskip\cs{refstyle\{A\}}& + \multispan2\quad\vrule\quad\cs{refstyle\{B\}}& + \multispan2\quad\vrule\quad\cs{refstyle\{C\}}\cr +% +\noalign{\hrule} +% + height1.1\normalbaselineskip\cs{cite\{DK\}}& [DK]& + \cs{cite\{Smith 1989\}}& [Smith 1989]& + \cs{cite\{19\}}& [19]\cr +% +\cs{key DK}& [DK]& + \omit\quad\vrule\quad(no key)\hfil & (no label)& + \cs{key 19}& 19.\cr +}}$$ +The \cs{refstyle} command is normally placed in the preamble of +a document. + +The references are set with hanging indentation. The amount of indentation +is preset to accommodate the most common case, two-digit numbers. +It can be increased (or decreased) by specifying the widest +label used in the references. For example, +\beginexample{} +\\widestnumber\\key\{GHMR\} \% refstyle A +\\widestnumber\\key\{999\} \% refstyle C --- 3 digits +\endexample +\noindent +will increase the indentation to accommodate the key \hbox{[GHMR]}, or a +three-digit number, respectively. You could also specify +\cs{widestnumber}\cs{key\{9\}} to reduce the indentation from two digits' +worth to one, if your bibliography has fewer than ten entries. As the +examples show, you do not include square brackets, periods, font +commands, or other such formatting when using \cs{widestnumber}. The +indentation will be adjusted for these things automatically. + +For consecutive references by the same author(s), \cs{by} is used for +the first reference, with the author name(s) given in full, and +\cs{bysame} is used for subsequent ones---just the command \cs{bysame} +without repetition of the name(s). The horizontal line produced by +\cs{bysame} has a fixed length of three ems. + +Two variations, \cs{ed} and \cs{eds}, are provided for entering editor +names, as with \cs{page} and \cs{pages}, because the note ``ed.''\ or +``eds.''\ is part of the automatic formatting. If \cs{by} is absent, +the editor name(s) will be used in place of the author name. + +For a proceedings volume, the place and date of the meeting can +be recorded in the \cs{procinfo} field. Parentheses will be +added. + +There are two options for miscellaneous notes at the end of a reference, +\cs{finalinfo} and \cs{miscnote}. \cs{miscnote} differs only by +automatically adding parentheses; it would typically be used for +a note such as ``(preprint)'' or ``(submitted)'' or ``(to appear)''. +Because it's fairly common, the latter has its own command \cs{toappear} +that is equivalent to \cs{miscnote} {\tt to appear}. + +\cs{lang} is used to indicate the original language for papers where +bibliographic information has been translated or there is some other reason +to believe that the original language cannot be correctly identified from +information in the reference. + +Sometimes several references are combined into one---for example, parts +of a long paper that have been published separately. Another type of +compound reference is a work cited both in the original and in +translation. There are commands \cs{moreref} and \cs{transl} to handle +such situations. After \cs{moreref} and \cs{transl}, any of the normal +reference tags can be used again. + +\cs{moreref} is used for citing, e.g., ``part II'' of an article; the +\cs{moreref} command is followed by the desired additional tags and +data. For example: +\beginexample{} +...\\moreref\\paper\\rom\{II\} +\\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. \\vol 36 +\\yr 1983 \\pages 571--594\\endref +\endexample + +When using \cs{transl}, a note that describes the translation is +normally entered between \cs{transl} and the next tag. The tags and data +for the translated work then follow. For example: +\beginexample{} +...\\transl English transl. \\publ Birkh\\"auser +\\publaddr Basel \\yr 1985 \\endref +\endexample + +Automatic punctuation will be omitted if the pertinent field was +included but left blank. Otherwise, the command \cs{nofrills} can be +used to keep automatic punctuation from appearing. For example, +\cs{bookinfo\\nofrills...}\ suppresses the comma or other punctuation +that would normally be added at the end of the \cs{bookinfo} +information. \cs{nofrills} also suppresses other automatic formatting +such as the word ``eds.''\ for \cs{eds}, the word ``vol.''\ for book volumes, +or the parentheses around the year for journal articles. The ending +period of a reference can be suppressed with +\cs{finalinfo}\cs{nofrills}. + +Some examples will illustrate the use of these tags. See Appendix~A for +samples of input and output. See also Appendix~C of \JoT{} (first +edition: Appendix~B) for more information on references. + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\head 3. Mathematical Constructions +\endhead + +\subhead Wide Accents in Math Mode \endsubhead + +In version 2.0+ of the AMSFonts, +there are wider versions of the \cs{widehat} and \cs{widetilde} +accents; they appear on lines (5) and (6): +\beginexample{} +\exbox{(1)}{\$\\hat x, \\tilde x\$} $\hat x, \tilde x$ +\exbox{(2)}{\$\\widehat x, \\widetilde x\$} $\widehat x, \widetilde x$ +\exbox{(3)}{\$\\widehat\{xy\}, \\widetilde\{xy\}\$} % + $\widehat{xy}, \widetilde{xy}$ +\exbox{(4)}{\$\\widehat\{xyz\}, \\widetilde\{xyz\}\$} % + $\widehat{xyz}, \widetilde{xyz}$ +\exbox{(5)}{\$\\widehat\{xyzu\}, \\widetilde\{xyzu\}\$} % + $\widehat{xyzu}, \widetilde{xyzu}$ +\exbox{(6)}{\$\\widehat\{xyzuv\}, \\widetilde\{xyzuv\}\$} % + $\widehat{xyzuv}, \widetilde{xyzuv}$ +\endexample +\noindent +These wider accents are in the \filnam{msbm} family. If \filnam{msbm} +has been loaded, \cs{widehat} and \cs{widetilde} will automatically +select these wider versions when required; otherwise, the characters +on line (4) will be the largest available. If you are using the +preprint style, \filnam{msbm} is loaded automatically; otherwise, +see the section entitled {\bf Fonts} for instructions on loading it. + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\head 4. Fonts\endhead + +\subhead Additional fonts for \AmSTeX{}\endsubhead + +A number of fonts were created for use with \AmSTeX{} 2.0+, both +Computer Modern fonts in sizes not previously available and new fonts +of alphabets and symbols intended to be used for mathematical notation. +These fonts are in the collection AMSFonts Version~2.2. They must be +installed on your computer before you can use \AmSTeX{}'s preprint style +or otherwise refer to them. +Note that AMSFonts Version~2.2 cannot be used with versions of \AmSTeX{} +earlier than Version~2.0, and \AmSTeX{} Version~2.2 cannot be used with +versions of AMSFonts earlier than Version~2.0 +(users of AMSFonts Version~2.0 are strongly encouraged to upgrade to +Version~2.2). + +Several of these fonts are loaded automatically by the preprint +style and others can be loaded on demand. The fonts available and the +commands used to load them are described below. + +\subsubhead Fonts loaded with the preprint style +\endsubsubhead +Several fonts are loaded automatically for general use. +\roster +\item"--" \filnam{cmcsc8} is an additional size of the Computer Modern + small caps font. +\item"--" \filnam{cmex8} and \filnam{cmex7} are additional sizes of the + Computer Modern math extension font. \filnam{cmex8} is used by the + preprint style in abstracts and other eight-point environments; + \filnam{cmex7} is used for all sub- and superscripts. +\endroster +If \cs{PSAMSFonts} is specified (see Appendix C), scaled versions of the +10-point fonts are loaded instead (this is required for submission to +AMS journals). + + +\subsubhead Math fonts loaded with the preprint style +\endsubsubhead +\roster +\item"--" \filnam{msam} and \filnam{msbm} contain extra symbols. The symbols + and the names that will produce them are shown in the section + {\bf Symbol Names} below. If you are not using the preprint style, + each can be loaded separately by \cs{loadmsam} or \cs{loadmsbm} + as appropriate. +\item"--" \filnam{eufm} is the medium-weight Euler Fraktur (German) font. + It can also be loaded by \cs{loadeufm} if the preprint style is not + being used. +\endroster + + +\subsubhead Math fonts loaded by \cs{loadbold} +\endsubsubhead +See the sections below on {\bf Bold Characters in Math Mode} and +{\bf Bold Greek Letters} for details on accessing particular characters +in these fonts. +\roster +\item"--" \filnam{cmmib} is Computer Modern bold math italic. + It also contains bold Greek. +\item"--" \filnam{cmbsy} contains Computer Modern bold math symbols. +\endroster + + +\subsubhead Additional Euler fonts, for use in math, loaded by +\cs{loadeu...}\tt\endsubsubhead +\roster +\item"--" \filnam{eufb} is bold Fraktur (\cs{loadeufb}). +\item"--" \filnam{eusm} is medium-weight script (\cs{loadeusm}). +\item"--" \filnam{eusb} is bold script (\cs{loadeusb}). +\item"--" \filnam{eurm} is medium-weight ``cursive roman'' (\cs{loadeurm}). +\item"--" \filnam{eurb} is bold ``cursive roman'' (\cs{loadeurb}). +\endroster + + +\subsubhead Considerations and warnings\endsubsubhead +The commands to load these font files should be typed in the preamble area +between the +\cs{documentstyle\{...\}} line and the \cs{topmatter}. +Each \cs{load...} command loads the pertinent fonts (including +subscript sizes), assigns a ``math +family'' for them, and defines a math font command. +The names of the commands are the same as the font names: +\cs{eufm}, \cs{eufb}, \cs{eusm}, \cs{eusb}, \cs{eurm}, and +\cs{eurb}. These are used in the same way as +\cs{roman} or \cs{bold}, e.g., \cs{eufb\{M\}} or \cs{eufb M}@. +\AmSTeX{} also defines a couple of synonyms, +\cs{frak} and \cs{goth}, for \cs{eufm} (medium Euler Fraktur). + +\TeX{} can accommodate only sixteen font families in math mode; eight +are already defined by plain \TeX{} before \AmSTeX{} begins, and the +preprint style loads three more (\filnam{msam}, \filnam{msbm}, and +\filnam{eufm}), for a total of eleven. For this reason, you should load +additional fonts with care, requesting only those you know for certain +you will need. + +All the fonts described here, and some others as well, are included in the +collection AMSFonts Version~2.2, which is available from the AMS and other +distributors. The math fonts mentioned here are all supplied in sizes from +five through ten point, suitable for use in mathematical text. + +If you intend to use the AMSFonts in PostScript Type~1 outline form, +see Appendix C. + + +\subhead Bold Characters in Math Mode \endsubhead + +Bold letters are obtained by \cs{bold} as described in \Joy{}. +In addition, bold symbols, italic, and lowercase Greek can be +obtained once \cs{loadbold} appears in the file (this +requires version 2.0+ of \AmSTeX{} and AMSFonts). Two control sequences +are used for different kinds of bold symbols: +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=1.25in} +\exbox{}{\\boldkey} for symbols that actually appear on the keyboard +\exbox{}{\\boldsymbol} for symbols specified by a single control sequence +\endexample +\noindent +For example, +$$\hbox{\tt\$\\bold x \\boldsymbol\\in \\boldsymbol\\varGamma\$}$$ +gives +$$\bold x \boldsymbol\in \boldsymbol\varGamma$$ +[and {\tt\$\\boldsymbol\\lbrack a \\boldsymbol\\rbrack\$} gives +$\boldsymbol\lbrack a \boldsymbol\rbrack$, if you need to use +\cs{lbrack} and \cs{rbrack} instead of the {\tt[} and {\tt]} keys]. + +More precisely, \cs{boldkey} can be used in math formulas in the +following combinations: +\roster +\item"$\bullet$" With any of the symbols +$$ +\ \ -\ \ =\ \ <\ \ >\ \ (\ \ )\ \ [\ \ ]\ \ |\ \ /\ \ * + \ \ .\ \ ,\ \ :\ \ ;\ \ !\ \ ?$$ +to give +$$ +\boldkey+\ \ \boldkey-\ \ \boldkey=\ \ \boldkey<\ \ \boldkey>\ \ +\boldkey(\ \ \boldkey)\ \ \boldkey[\ \ \boldkey]\ \ \boldkey|\ \ +\boldkey/\ \ \boldkey*\ \ \boldkey.\ \ \boldkey,\ \ \boldkey:\ \ +\boldkey;\ \ \boldkey!\ \ \boldkey? +$$ +But \cs{bold} cannot be used to get bold versions of these symbols. +{\tt\$\\bold+\$} will give only the ordinary $+$, etc. + +The bold $\boldkey+$ and $\boldkey-$ will be binary operators, +like the ordinary $+$ and $-$ symbols; +the bold $\boldkey=$ will be a binary relation, like the ordinary $=$, etc. + +\medskip +\item"$\bullet$" With letters: +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\boldkey a\$, ..., \$\\boldkey z\$} % + $\boldkey a, \dots, \boldkey z$ +\exbox{}{\$\\boldkey A\$, ..., \$\\boldkey Z\$} % + $\boldkey A, \dots, \boldkey Z$ +\endexample +\noindent +Notice that these are $\fam\cmmibfam bold\ math\ italic$ letters, as +opposed to the bold text letters $\bold a, \dots, \bold z$, $\bold A, +\dots, \bold Z$ that you get by using \cs{bold} in math mode. + +\medskip +\item"$\bullet$" With numerals: +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\boldkey 0\$, ..., \$\\boldkey 9\$} % + $\boldkey 0, \dots, \boldkey 9$ +\endexample +\noindent +However, these combinations simply give the same numerals that you get with +{\tt\$\\bold0\$}, \dots, {\tt\$\\bold9\$}. +\endroster + +\medskip +The \cs{boldsymbol} construction can be used in any of the following +combinations: +\roster +\item"$\bullet$" With uppercase and lowercase Greek letters +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol\\Gamma\$, ..., \$\\boldsymbol\\Omega\$} % + $\boldsymbol\Gamma$, \dots, $\boldsymbol\Omega$ +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol\\varGamma\$, ..., \$\\boldsymbol\\varOmega\$} % + $\boldsymbol\varGamma$, \dots, $\boldsymbol\varOmega$ +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol\\alpha\$, ..., \$\\boldsymbol\\omega\$} % + $\boldsymbol\alpha$, \dots, $\boldsymbol\omega$ +\endexample +\noindent +In versions of \AmSTeX{} earlier than 2.0, bold unslanted uppercase +Greek letters $\boldsymbol\Gamma$, \dots, $\boldsymbol\Omega$ were +specified by \cs{boldGamma}, \dots, \cs{boldOmega}; these control +sequences have now disappeared. + +\medskip +\item"$\bullet$" +For convenience, \cs{boldsymbol} may also be followed by a letter (but +not by a numeral or other character), giving the same result as +\cs{boldkey}. + +\medskip +\item"$\bullet$" +You can also apply \cs{boldsymbol} to all the other standard symbols that +are specified by single control sequences. For example, to get bold primes: +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol\\prime\$} $\boldsymbol\prime$ +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol A\^{ }\{\\boldsymbol\\prime\}\$} % + $\boldsymbol A^{\boldsymbol\prime}$ +\endexample +\noindent +(But \cs{boldsymbol'}, using the shorthand notation for \cs{prime}, +won't work.) + +\medskip +\item"$\bullet$" +You can apply \cs{boldsymbol} to ``delimiters'', such as +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol\\\{ ... \\boldsymbol\\\}\$} % + $\boldsymbol\{ \dots \boldsymbol\}$ +\exbox{}{\$\\boldsymbol\\langle ... \\boldsymbol\\rangle\$} % + $\boldsymbol\langle \dots \boldsymbol\rangle$ +\exbox{}{\$\char`\|, \\boldkey\char`\|, \\\char`\|, \\boldsymbol\\\char`\|\$} % + $|,\ \boldkey|,\ \|,\ \boldsymbol\|$ +\exbox{}{\$\\vert, \\boldsymbol\\vert, \\Vert, \\boldsymbol\\Vert\$} % + $\vert,\ \boldsymbol\vert,\ \Vert,\ \boldsymbol\Vert$ +\endexample +\noindent +However, you can't use \cs{boldsymbol} after \cs{left} and \cs{right}. +In particular, typing +\hbox{\tt\\left\\boldsymbol\char`\|\ ...\ \\right\\boldsymbol\char`\|} +will produce only error messages. + +\medskip +\item"$\bullet$" +Certain symbols on the bold fonts can't be accessed at all via \cs{boldkey} +or \cs{boldsymbol}: These include bold versions +${\fam\cmbsyfam A}$, \dots, ${\fam\cmbsyfam Z}$ + of the ``calligraphic letters'' $\Cal A$,~\dots, $\Cal Z$ that you type +as \cs{Cal A}, \dots, \cs{Cal Z}, +and bold versions {\tencmmib0}, \dots, {\tencmmib9} + of the oldstyle numbers +\oldnos0, \dots, \oldnos9 that you get with \cs{oldnos}. If +you really need to have these symbols, you will have to enlist the aid of a +\TeX{}nician, or use \cs{pmb}. +\endroster + + +\subhead Fraktur Font \endsubhead + +The German Fraktur font, which is designed for use +only in math mode, can be made +available by typing \cs{loadeufm} in the preamble area +of your paper. If you are using the preprint style, +medium-weight Fraktur is loaded automatically. +To produce a Fraktur letter, type +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\frak g\$} $\frak g$ +\exbox{}{\$\\frak A\$, \\dots, \$\\frak Z\$} $\frak A$, \dots, $\frak Z$ +\endexample + + +\subhead Blackboard Bold \endsubhead + +\AmSTeX{} has a ``blackboard bold'' font, \cs{Bbb}. Like \cs{Cal}, +it will work only in math mode, and only when applied to uppercase +letters. This alphabet is part of the \filnam{msbm} font, and can be +made available by typing \cs{loadmsbm} at the top of your file. (It is +loaded automatically with the preprint style.) +\beginexample{\exboxwidth=3.75in} +\exbox{}{\$\\Bbb A, \\Bbb C, \\Bbb R\$, etc.} $\Bbb A, \Bbb C, \Bbb R$, etc. +\endexample + + +\subhead Poor Man's Bold \endsubhead + +\AmSTeX{} now has boldface versions of most math symbols. However, if you +need only one or two bold symbols and have run out of \TeX{} capacity for +new fonts or font families, you can always get a poor man's bold version +of bold with \cs{pmb}, as described in \Joy{}. + + +\subhead Bold Greek Letters \endsubhead + +Bold Greek letters, both lowercase and uppercase, can be obtained by +using the \cs{boldsymbol} construction, as described in {\bf Bold +Characters in Math Mode}. The upright uppercase bold Greek letters are +part of the ordinary bold font and therefore extra font loading commands +do not need to be used in order to get them. However, the lowercase and +slanted uppercase bold Greek letters are not loaded automatically, so +you must specify \cs{loadbold} before using them. + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\head 5. Symbol Names +\endhead + +The symbols in the \filnam{msam} and \filnam{msbm} fonts have been +assigned ``standard'' control sequence names as shown below. All +the symbol names are loaded automatically by the preprint style; if +you are not using the preprint style, the command \cs{UseAMSsymbols} +will have the same effect. +This will add about 200 new +control sequences to \TeX{}'s internal table. If you are short on +space, or need only a few of the symbols, you can use a different +approach to access just the ones you need. See the section {\bf The +\cs{newsymbol} command} below. + + +\subhead Special Symbols and Blackboard Bold Letters +\endsubhead + +Certain symbols from the \filnam{msam} family can be specified by +control sequences that will be defined as soon as the command +\cs{loadmsam} has appeared in the file. + +First there are four symbols that are normally used outside of math mode: +$$\vcenter{\halign to\hsize{\1{#}\hfil\tabskip\centering& + \hbox to.5\hsize{\1{#}\hfil}\tabskip0pt\cr +checkmark&circledR\cr +maltese¥\cr}} +$$ +These symbols, like \P, \S, \dag, and \ddag, can also be used in +math mode, and will change sizes correctly in subscripts and superscripts. + +Next are four symbols that are ``delimiters'' (although there are +no larger versions obtainable with \cs{left} and \cs{right}), so they +must be used in math mode: +$$\vcenter{\halign to\hsize{\1{#}\hfil\tabskip\centering& + \hbox to.5\hsize{\1{#}\hfil}\tabskip0pt\cr + ulcorner&urcorner\cr + llcorner&lrcorner\cr}}$$ + +Finally, two dashed arrows are constructed from symbols in this family. +Note that one of them has two names; it can be accessed by either one: +$$\vcenter{\halign to\hsize{\1{#}\hfil\tabskip\centering& + \hbox to.5\hsize{\1{#}\hfil}\tabskip0pt\cr + \omit\hbox to.5\hsize{\hbox to\biggest{\hfil$\dashrightarrow$\hfil}\ \ % + \cs{dashrightarrow}, \cs{dasharrow}\hss}&dashleftarrow\cr}}$$ + +The Blackboard Bold letters $\Bbb A, \dots, \Bbb Z$ +appear in the \filnam{msbm} family. Once \cs{loadmsbm} has appeared +in the file, they can be typed (in math mode) as \cs{Bbb A}, \dots, +\cs{Bbb Z}. + +The \filnam{msbm} family also contains wider versions of the \cs{widehat} +and \cs{widetilde} as shown above in {\bf Mathematical Constructions}. + + +\subhead The \cs{newsymbol} Command\endsubhead + +All other symbols of the \filnam{msam} and \filnam{msbm} fonts must be named +by control sequences so that they can be used (in math mode only) when the +fonts are loaded. This can be done all at once by typing the instruction +\cs{UseAMSsymbols}, which will load in the file \filnam{amssym.tex}\null. +This instruction is included in the preprint style, so the names are +assigned automatically, which requires over~200 control sequences. + +If you are very short on space for control sequence names, and need only +a few of these symbols, you can omit \cs{UseAMSsymbols}. Instead, +assign only the names you will need by using a new \AmSTeX{} control +sequence \cs{newsymbol} to create a control sequence that will +properly produce this symbol. The control sequence can be either the +``standard'' name, as listed below, or one of your own choosing. + +The list of symbols below shows for each symbol the symbol itself, a +four-character~``ID'', and the ``standard'' name of the symbol. +(The first character of the ID identifies the font family in which a +symbol resides. Symbols from the \filnam{msam} family have {\tt1} as the +first character; symbols from the \filnam{msbm} family have {\tt2} as the +first character.) +For example, the symbol $\nleqslant$ appears as +\medskip +\noindent\kern2\parindent\2{nleqslant} +\medskip +\noindent +To produce a control sequence with this name, the instruction +\medskip +\noindent\kern2\parindent\cs{newsymbol}\cs{nleqslant 230A} +\medskip +\noindent +appears in the file \filnam{amssym.tex}\null. This same instruction can +be typed by a user who is not using the preprint style and has chosen not +to load all the symbol names by \cs{UseAMSsymbols}. Thereafter, the +control sequence \cs{nleqslant} will produce the symbol $\nleqslant$ +(in math mode), and will act properly as a ``binary relation''. + +A few symbols in these fonts replace symbols defined in \filnam{plain.tex} +by combinations of symbols available in the Computer Modern fonts. These +are \cs{angle}~($\angle$) and \cs{hbar}~($\hbar$) from the group +``Miscellaneous symbols'', and \cs{rightleftharpoons}~($\rightleftharpoons$) +from the group ``Arrows'' below (and \Joy, Appendix~F). The new symbols will +change sizes correctly in subscripts and superscripts, provided that you +are using appropriate redefinitions. In order to use \cs{newsymbol} to +replace an existing definition, the name must first be ``undefined''. +Here are the lines you must put in your file if you are not using the +preprint style or \cs{UseAMSsymbols} (which perform the redefinition +automatically): +\medskip +\begingroup +\parindent=2\parindent +\obeylines +\cs{undefine}\cs{angle} +\cs{newsymbol}\cs{angle 105C} +\cs{undefine}\cs{hbar} +\cs{newsymbol}\cs{hbar 207E} +\cs{undefine}\cs{rightleftharpoons} +\cs{newsymbol}\cs{rightleftharpoons 130A} +\endgroup +\medskip +\noindent +These symbols are flagged in the tables below with a ``{\eightpoint(U)}'' +as a reminder that they must be undefined. + +Note in the tables that some symbols are shown with two names. In such +cases, either one can be used to access the symbol. + +% since the symbol tables are set in displays, decrease the skip +% above, so that the space between a section heading and table is +% not so large. +\abovedisplayskip=3pt plus 3pt minus 0pt + +\BBB{Lowercase Greek letters} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +digamma&varkappa\cr}$$ + +\BBB{Hebrew letters} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +beth&gimel\cr +daleth\cr +}$$ + +\BBB{Miscellaneous symbols} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +\omit\4{hbar}&backprime\cr +hslash&varnothing\cr +vartriangle&blacktriangle\cr +triangledown&blacktriangledown\cr +square&blacksquare\cr +lozenge&blacklozenge\cr +circledS&bigstar\cr +\omit\4{angle}&sphericalangle\cr +measuredangle&\omit\cr +nexists&complement\cr +mhoð\cr +Finv&diagup\cr +Game&diagdown\cr +Bbbk&\omit\cr +}$$ + +\BBB{Binary operators} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +dotplus<imes\cr +smallsetminus&rtimes\cr +\omit\3{Cap}{doublecap}&leftthreetimes\cr +\omit\3{Cup}{doublecup}&rightthreetimes\cr +barwedge&curlywedge\cr +veebar&curlyvee\cr +doublebarwedge\cr +boxminus&circleddash\cr +boxtimes&circledast\cr +boxdot&circledcirc\cr +boxplus¢erdot\cr +divideontimes&intercal\cr} +$$ + +\BBB{Binary relations} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +leqq&geqq\cr +leqslant&geqslant\cr +eqslantless&eqslantgtr\cr +lesssim>rsim\cr +lessapprox>rapprox\cr +approxeq\cr +lessdot>rdot\cr +\omit\3{lll}{llless}&\omit\3{ggg}{gggtr}\cr +lessgtr>rless\cr +lesseqgtr>reqless\cr +lesseqqgtr>reqqless\cr +\omit\3{doteqdot}{Doteq}&eqcirc\cr +risingdotseq&circeq\cr +fallingdotseq&triangleq\cr +backsim&thicksim\cr +backsimeq&thickapprox\cr +subseteqq&supseteqq\cr +Subset&Supset\cr +sqsubset&sqsupset\cr +preccurlyeq&succcurlyeq\cr +curlyeqprec&curlyeqsucc\cr +precsim&succsim\cr +precapprox&succapprox\cr +vartriangleleft&vartriangleright\cr +trianglelefteq&trianglerighteq\cr +vDash&Vdash\cr +Vvdash\cr +smallsmile&shortmid\cr +smallfrown&shortparallel\cr +bumpeq&between\cr +Bumpeq&pitchfork\cr +varpropto&backepsilon\cr +blacktriangleleft&blacktriangleright\cr +therefore&because\cr}$$ +\bigbreak +\BBB{Negated relations} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +nless&ngtr\cr +nleq&ngeq\cr +nleqslant&ngeqslant\cr +nleqq&ngeqq\cr +lneq&gneq\cr +lneqq&gneqq\cr +lvertneqq&gvertneqq\cr +lnsim&gnsim\cr +lnapprox&gnapprox\cr +nprec&nsucc\cr +npreceq&nsucceq\cr +precneqq&succneqq\cr +precnsim&succnsim\cr +precnapprox&succnapprox\cr +nsim&ncong\cr +nshortmid&nshortparallel\cr +nmid&nparallel\cr +nvdash&nvDash\cr +nVdash&nVDash\cr +ntriangleleft&ntriangleright\cr +ntrianglelefteq&ntrianglerighteq\cr +nsubseteq&nsupseteq\cr +nsubseteqq&nsupseteqq\cr +subsetneq&supsetneq\cr +varsubsetneq&varsupsetneq\cr +subsetneqq&supsetneqq\cr +varsubsetneqq&varsupsetneqq\cr}$$ + +\overfullrule=0pt + +\BBB{Arrows} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +leftleftarrows&rightrightarrows\cr +leftrightarrows&rightleftarrows\cr +Lleftarrow&Rrightarrow\cr +twoheadleftarrow&twoheadrightarrow\cr +leftarrowtail&rightarrowtail\cr +looparrowleft&looparrowright\cr +leftrightharpoons&\omit\4{rightleftharpoons}\cr +curvearrowleft&curvearrowright\cr +circlearrowleft&circlearrowright\cr +Lsh&Rsh\cr +upuparrows&downdownarrows\cr +% Some fancy tricks to avoid a lot of extra work. MJD +upharpoonleft&upharpoonright}\setbox0\lastbox\unhbox0\unskip,\hfill{\cr +downharpoonleft&\omit\kern7em \cs{restriction}\hfil\cr +multimap&downharpoonright\cr +leftrightsquigarrow&rightsquigarrow\cr}$$ + +\BBB{Negated arrows} +$$\halign{\hbox to.5\hsize{\2{#}}&\2{#}\cr +nleftarrow&nrightarrow\cr +nLeftarrow&nRightarrow\cr +nleftrightarrow&nLeftrightarrow\cr}$$ + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\head 6. Other Things You Ought to Know +\endhead + +\subhead Errata to \JoT{} prior to \AmSTeX{} 2.0 +\endsubhead + +The file \filnam{joyerr.tex} contains the full list of errata for the +first edition of \JoT{}, for versions of \AmSTeX{} earlier than +version 2.0; \filnam{joyerr2.tex} contains the errata for the second +edition. A user who desires a typeset copy of this file may run it +through \TeX{} and print out the \filnam{.dvi} file. This will +require Version~2.0+ of \AmSTeX{} and \filnam{amsppt.sty}, and also +AMSFonts Version~2.0+ (users of AMSFonts Version~2.0 are strongly +encouraged to upgrade to Version~2.2). + + +\subhead Acknowledging the Use of \AmSTeX{}\endsubhead + +The following are suggested as appropriate statements of acknowledgment +that \AmSTeX{} has been used to format a document for publication. +It is not required that such an acknowledgment be made. + +\penalty-9000 % to encourage a break without absolutely forcing it. +A single paper may include the following at the bottom of the first page: +\beginexample{} +\rm{}Typeset by \AmSTeX{} +\endexample +\noindent +(This notation is provided automatically by the \AmSTeX{} preprint style. +It can be suppressed by the command \cs{nologo} in the preamble.) + +If an entire journal or book is prepared with \AmSTeX{}, the following +statement can be placed on its copyright page: +\beginexample{} +\rm{}This [journal/book] was typeset by \AmSTeX{}, the \TeX{} macro % +system of the \AMS{}. +\endexample + +If only selected papers in a journal or book are set with \AmSTeX{}, these +papers may be identified as shown above, and the following may be placed +on the copyright page: +\beginexample{} +\rm{}\AmSTeX{} is the \TeX{} macro system of the \AMS{}. +\endexample + + +\head 7. Getting Help +\endhead + +If you should find any bugs in the macros or documentation, +send a Problem Report to: +\beginexample{\rm} +Technical Support +\AMS{} +P. O. Box 6248 +Providence, RI 02940 +\vskip 2pt % +Phone: 800-321-4AMS (4267) \quad or \quad 401-455-4080 +E-mail: tech-support\@ams.org +\endexample + +A Problem Report should contain the following information: +\roster +\item version and date of \filnam{amstex.tex} and of \filnam{amsppt.sty} + with which the problem occurred; +\item a detailed description of the problem; +\item a brief input file which includes the input code for + one or more examples that illustrate the problem; +\item a log file of the \TeX{} session for the input file showing the problem. +\endroster + +\head References\endhead + +\noindent\hangindent2pc Knuth, Donald E. {\it The \TeX{}book}. Reading: + Addison Wesley, 1986. + +\noindent\hangindent2pc Spivak, Michael D. {\it The Joy of \TeX{}}, + 2nd (revised) edition, \AMS{}, Providence, 1990. + +\noindent\hangindent2pc {\it Instructions for Preparation of Papers and + Monographs: \AmSTeX}, version 2.2, \AMS{}, Providence, 2001. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\newpage + +% Arrange for the sample references to be set broadside, with the output +% pasted up next to the corresponding input. The section heading should +% be full-width, and the running heads should be the normal page width. +% To accomplish the latter, we must redefine plain's \makeheadline. + +\begingroup % This will be ended after the broadside section + +% To suppress an unimportant `overfull vbox' message (0.8 points): +\vfuzz=1pt + +% Retain headlines at usual width while decreasing \hsize. +\newdimen\headlinewidth +\headlinewidth=\hsize +\def\makeheadline{% + \leftskip=0pt + \vbox{\vbox to\headlineheight{\vss + \hbox to\headlinewidth{\hskip0pt plus\headlinewidth\the\headline}% + \kern-\prevdepth} + \vskip\headlinespace \vskip-\topskip}% + \nointerlineskip} + +\head Appendix A.\quad Sample Bibliography Input and Output +\endhead + +% This measurement includes the space for the running head. +\pageheight{32pc} + +\pagewidth{23pc} +\beginexample{\exindent=0pt} +\\Refs +\\ref\\key 4 \% assuming \\refstyle\{C\} +\\by V. I. Arnol\$'\$d, A. N. Varchenko, +\ and S. M. Guse\\u\\i n-Zade +\\book Singularities of differentiable maps.~\\rom I +\\publ ``Nauka'' \\publaddr Moscow \\yr 1982 +\\lang Russian +\\endref +\ {} +\\ref\\key 5\\bysame +\\book Singularities of differentiable maps.~\\rom\{II\} +\\publ ``Nauka'' \\publaddr Moscow \\yr 1984 +\\lang Russian +\\endref +\ {} +\\ref\\key 6 +\\by O. A. Ladyzhenskaya +\\book Mathematical problems in the dynamics +\ of a viscous incompressible fluid +\\bookinfo 2nd rev. aug. ed. +\\publ ``Nauka'' \\publaddr Moscow \\yr 1970 +\\lang Russian +\\transl English transl. of 1st ed. +\\book The mathematical theory of viscous +\ incompressible flow +\\publ Gordon and Breach \\publaddr New York +\\yr 1963; rev. 1969 +\\endref +\endexample + +\newpage + +\beginexample{\exindent=0pt} +\\ref\\key 7 +\\by P. D. Lax and C. D. Levermore +\\paper The small dispersion limit for the +\ KdV equation.~\\rom I +\\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. \\vol 36 \\yr 1983 +\\pages 253--290 \\finalinfo (overview) +\\moreref\\paper \\rom\{II\} +\\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. +\\vol 36 \\yr 1983 \\pages 571--594 +\\moreref\\paper \\rom\{III\} +\\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. +\\vol 36 \\yr 1983 \\pages 809--829 \\endref +\ {} +\\ref\\key 10 \\by S. Osher +\\paper Shock capturing algorithms for equations of +\ mixed type +\\inbook Numerical Methods for Partial Differential +\ Equations \\eds S. I. Hariharan and T. H. Moulton +\\publ Longman \\publaddr New York \\yr 1986 +\\pages 305--322 +\\endref +\ {} +\\ref\\key 17 \\by G. S. Petrov +\\paper Elliptic integrals and their nonoscillatory +\ behavior +\\jour Funktsional. Anal. i Prilozhen. +\\vol 20 \\yr 1986 \\pages 46--49 +\\transl\\nofrills English transl. in +\\jour Functional Anal. Appl. \\vol 20\\yr 1986 +\\endref +\endexample + +\newpage + +\beginexample{\exindent=0pt} +\% switch to a different references style +\\refstyle\{A\} +\\widestnumber\\key\{GHMR\} +\ {} +\\ref\\key C1 +\\by B. Coomes +\\book Polynomial flows, symmetry groups, and +\ conditions sufficient for injectivity of maps +\\bookinfo Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Nebraska--Lincoln +\\yr 1988 +\\endref +\ {} +\\ref\\key C2 +\\bysame \% B. Coomes +\\paper The Lorenz system does not have a +\ polynomial flow +\\jour J. Differential Equations +\\toappear +\\endref +\ {} +\\ref\\key GHMR +\\by J. Guckenheimer, P. Holmes, M. Martineau, +\ and L. P. Robinson +\\book Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems, +\ and bifurcations of vector fields +\\bookinfo \% fields can be left blank +\\publ Springer-Verlag \\publaddr New York +\\yr 1983 +\\endRefs +\endexample + +\newpage + +\begingroup +\refstyle{C} +\aboveheadskip=\abovedisplayskip + +\Refs +\ref\key 4 % assuming \refstyle{C} +\by V. I. Arnol$'$d, A. N. Varchenko, and S. M. Guse\u\i n-Zade +\book Singularities of differentiable maps.~{\rm I} +\publ ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow +\yr 1982 +\lang Russian +\endref + +\ref\key 5 +\bysame +\book Singularities of differentiable maps.~{\rm II} +\publ ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow +\yr 1984 +\lang Russian +\endref + +\ref\key 6 +\by O. A. Ladyzhenskaya +\book Mathematical problems in the dynamics of a + viscous incompressible fluid +\bookinfo 2nd rev. aug. ed. +\publ ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow +\yr 1970 +\lang Russian +\transl English transl. of 1st ed. +\book The mathematical theory of viscous +incompressible flow +\publ Gordon and Breach \publaddr New York +\yr 1963; rev. 1969 +\endref + +\bigskip + +\ref\key 7 +\by P. D. Lax and C. D. Levermore +\paper The small dispersion limit for the KdV equation.~{\rm I} +\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. +\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 253--290 +\finalinfo (overview) +\moreref\paper {\rm II} +\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. +\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 571--594 +\moreref\paper {\rm III} +\jour Comm. Pure Appl. Math. +\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 809--829 \endref + +\ref\key 10 \by S. Osher +\paper Shock capturing algorithms for equations of mixed type +\inbook Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations +\eds S. I. Hariharan and T. H. Moulton +\publ Longman \publaddr New York \yr 1986 \pages 305--322 +\endref + +\ref\key 17 \by G. S. Petrov +\paper Elliptic integrals and their nonoscillatory behavior +\jour Funktsional. Anal. i Pri\-lo\-zhen. +\vol 20 \yr 1986 \pages 46--49 +\transl\nofrills English transl. in \jour Functional Anal. Appl. +\vol 20\yr 1986 +\endref + +\bigskip + +% switch to a different references style +\refstyle{A} +\widestnumber\key{GHMR} + +\ref\key C1 +\by B. Coomes +\book Polynomial flows, symmetry groups, and conditions + sufficient for injectivity of maps +\bookinfo Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Nebraska--Lincoln +\yr 1988 +\endref + +\ref\key C2 +\bysame % B. Coomes +\paper The Lorenz system does not have a polynomial flow +\jour J. Differential Equations +\toappear +\endref + +\ref\key GHMR +\by J. Guckenheimer, P. Holmes, M. Martineau, and L. P. Robinson +\book Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems, and + bifurcations of vector fields +\bookinfo % fields can be left blank +\publ Springer-Verlag \publaddr New York +\yr 1983 +\endref +\endRefs + +\endgroup % end special value of \aboveheadskip + + +\newpage +\endgroup % end broadside section + +% Put the page number at the bottom of the page: +\csname firstpage\string @true\endcsname +% Turn off the "Typeset by AmSTeX" logo: +%\expandafter\redefine\csname logo\string @\endcsname{} +\nologo + +% Reset the page number because the broadside pages in +% the previous section will become three pages instead of four. +% 18-JAN-1991 mjd +\advance\pageno by -1 + +% The following file contains the installation instructions +\input amstinst.tex + +\enddocument + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |