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+%% File: `frplainnat-letters.bst'
+%%
+%% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+%% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+%% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+%% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+%%
+%% A modification of `plain.bst' for use with natbib package
+%% Copyright 1993-2005 Patrick W Daly
+%% Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Sonnensystemforschung
+%% Max-Planck-Str. 2
+%% D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau
+%% Germany
+%% E-mail: daly@mps.mpg.de
+%%
+%% Modification de `plainnat.bst' du package natbib (citations "auteur-année")
+%% pour être utilisé avec le package french (incluant l'ancien frbib.sty)
+%%
+%% - francisation des termes de la bibliographie via le package french ;
+%% - les noms d'auteurs sont en "small caps" ;
+%% - dans les citations le "et al." est en italique ;
+%%
+%% Olivier Andrieu <andrieu@oxygene.ijm.jussieu.fr>
+%%
+%% 02-11-2000
+%%
+%% (penser à renseigner les \*name s'il est besoin)
+%%
+%% Thomas van Oudenhove <vanouden@enstimac.fr>
+%%
+%% Modifications du 25-11-2003
+%%
+%% - mettre les particules en "small caps" (van, de, ...)
+%% (fonctions format.names, format.full.names, format.lab.names)
+%% - enlever la dernière virgule d'une liste d'auteurs
+%% (L. 202, numnames => nameleft)
+%% - \textit => \emph (abbréviations latines)
+%%
+%% Modifications du 20-04-2006
+%%
+%% - ajouts des fonctions find.firstletter, editor.find.first.letter,
+%% organization.find.first.letter, author.find.first.letter et
+%% output.letter
+%% - pour créer une biblio avec les lettres séparant chaque "auteur"
+%% dont le nom commence par la même lettre
+%% - Attention : les entrées DOIVENT avoir un 'author', un 'editor'
+%% ou une 'organization'
+%% - la définition de \alphabibitem est l'oeuvre de Mael Hilléreau
+%% <mael.hillereau@free.fr> - merci de m'avoir donné l'autorisation
+%% de la reproduire ici.
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ isbn
+ issn
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ url
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t cur.letter first.letter }
+INTEGERS { first.letter.place first.letter.ascii }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION { author.find.first.letter }
+{ author #1 "{vv }{ll }{ff }, {jj }" format.name$ "u" change.case$
+ purify$ first.letter.place #1 substring$ 'first.letter :=
+ first.letter chr.to.int$ 'first.letter.ascii :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION { editor.find.first.letter }
+{ editor #1 "{vv }{ll }{ff }, {jj }" format.name$ "u" change.case$
+ purify$ first.letter.place #1 substring$ 'first.letter :=
+ first.letter chr.to.int$ 'first.letter.ascii :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION { organization.find.first.letter }
+{ organization #1 "{vv }{ll }{ff }, {jj }" format.name$ "u" change.case$
+ purify$ first.letter.place #1 substring$ 'first.letter :=
+ first.letter chr.to.int$ 'first.letter.ascii :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION { find.firstletter }
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+% { organization empty$
+ { "Nor author, editor neither organization for entry " cite$ * warning$ }
+% { organization.find.first.letter
+% { first.letter.ascii #64 > first.letter.ascii #91 < and
+% first.letter.ascii #96 > first.letter.ascii #123 < and or not }
+% { first.letter.place #1 + 'first.letter.place :=
+% organization.find.first.letter }
+% while$ }
+% if$ }
+ { editor.find.first.letter
+ { first.letter.ascii #64 > first.letter.ascii #91 < and
+ first.letter.ascii #96 > first.letter.ascii #123 < and or not }
+ { first.letter.place #1 + 'first.letter.place :=
+ editor.find.first.letter }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author.find.first.letter
+ { first.letter.ascii #64 > first.letter.ascii #91 < and
+ first.letter.ascii #96 > first.letter.ascii #123 < and or not }
+ { first.letter.place #1 + 'first.letter.place :=
+ author.find.first.letter }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ #1 'first.letter.place :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr "{ff~}\bsc\bgroup {vv~}{ll}\egroup{{}}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { namesleft #2 >
+ { ", " * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " \emph{et~al.}" * }
+ { " \andname{} " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { ", \editornames{}" * }
+ { ", \editorname{}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.isbn}
+{ isbn empty$
+ { "" }
+ { new.block "ISBN " isbn * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.issn}
+{ issn empty$
+ { "" }
+ { new.block "ISSN " issn * }
+ if$
+}
+
+%%FUNCTION {format.url}
+%%{ url empty$
+%% { "" }
+%% { new.block "URL " url * }
+%% if$
+%%}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "\bsc\bgroup {vv~}{ll}\egroup{{}}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " \emph{et~al.}" * }
+ { " \andname{} " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.full}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.full}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.full}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.full
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.full
+ 'author.full
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem[" write$
+ label write$
+ ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+ { pop$ }
+ { * }
+ if$
+ "]{" * write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.letter}
+{ first.letter cur.letter =
+ { skip$ }
+ { newline$
+ "\alphabibitem{" first.letter * "}" * write$
+ newline$
+ first.letter 'cur.letter := }
+ if$
+
+ cur.letter "\" =
+ { first.letter 'cur.letter := }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$
+ pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { month
+ " " * swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+ extra.label *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title emphasize
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "\volumename{}" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { " \ofname{} " * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "\volumename{} \andname{} \numbername{}" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "\numbername{}" }
+ { "\Numbername{}" }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { " \inname{} " * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { edition "l" change.case$ " \editionname{}" * }
+ { edition "t" change.case$ " \editionname{}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { "\pagesname{}" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { "\pagename{}" pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "\penalty0 (" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { "\string:\penalty0 " * pages n.dashify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "\chaptername{}" }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { "\Inname{} " booktitle emphasize * }
+ { "\Inname{} " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+ and and and and and
+ key empty$ not and
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "\technicalreportname{}" }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ key empty$
+ { journal empty$
+ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+ warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { "\Inname{} {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "\Inname{} " key * }
+ if$
+ " \citep{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "\Inname{} "
+ }
+ { "\Volumename{}" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ " of " *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ " \citet{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { "\Inname{} {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "\Inname{} " key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "\Inname{} " }
+ if$
+ " \citet{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.issn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ format.isbn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished address new.block.checkb
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ format.date output
+ format.isbn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ }
+ { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ format.isbn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.isbn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.pages output
+ address empty$
+ { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { address output.nonnull
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.isbn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ organization address new.block.checkb
+ organization output
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.date output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "Mémoire" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ title howpublished new.block.checkb
+ format.title output
+ howpublished new.block.checka
+ howpublished output
+ format.date output
+ format.issn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+ empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "Thèse de doctorat" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.editors output
+ editor format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ format.isbn output
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+% url output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ find.firstletter
+ output.letter
+ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+% url output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"\janname{}"}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"\febname{}"}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"\marname{}"}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"\aprname{}"}
+
+MACRO {may} {"\mayname{}"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"\junname{}"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"\julname{}"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"\augname{}"}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"\sepname{}"}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"\octname{}"}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"\novname{}"}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"\decname{}"}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s #1 "\bsc\bgroup {vv~}{ll}\egroup{{}}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " \emph{et~al.}" * }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { s #2 "{ff }\bsc\bgroup {vv }{ll}\egroup{{}}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " \emph{et~al.}" * }
+ { " \andname{} " * s #2 "\bsc\bgroup {vv~}{ll}\egroup{{}}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.organization.label
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.key.organization.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ 'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+ short.list
+ "("
+ *
+ year duplicate$ empty$
+ short.list key field.or.null = or
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ *
+ 'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr #1 >
+ { " " * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ ff{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+ { "\emph{et~al}" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+ label sortify
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.organization.sort
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.organization.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.label :=
+ sort.label *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT
+
+STRINGS { longest.label last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num number.label }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ "\" 'cur.letter :=
+ #1 'first.letter.place :=
+ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+ #0 'number.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ label 'last.label :=
+ }
+ if$
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+ extra.label
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+ if$
+ 'extra.label :=
+ label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION { def.alphabibitem }
+{ "\def\alphabibitem#1{%" write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname firstalphabibitem\endcsname" write$ newline$
+ "\relax\def\firstalphabibitem{}" write$ newline$
+ "\else\expandafter" write$ newline$
+ "\ifx\csname alphabibitemskip\endcsname" write$ newline$
+ "\relax\bigskip" write$ newline$
+ "\else\alphabibitemskip" write$ newline$
+ "\fi" write$ newline$
+ "\fi" write$ newline$
+ "\penalty-200\expandafter" write$ newline$
+ "\ifx\csname alphabibitemlabel\endcsname" write$ newline$
+ "\relax\expandafter" write$ newline$
+ "\ifx\csname alphabibitemcontent\endcsname\relax" write$ newline$
+ "\item[\LARGE\bfseries\MakeUppercase{#1}]" write$ newline$
+ "\hfill\vskip 1ex\hrule\medskip" write$ newline$
+ "\else\item[\Large\bfseries\MakeUppercase{#1}]" write$ newline$
+ "\alphabibitemcontent{\MakeUppercase{#1}}%" write$ newline$
+ "\fi" write$ newline$
+ "\else\expandafter" write$ newline$
+ "\ifx\csname alphabibitemcontent\endcsname\relax" write$ newline$
+ "\item[\alphabibitemlabel{\MakeUppercase{#1}}]" write$ newline$
+ "\vskip 1ex\hrule\medskip" write$ newline$
+ "\else\item[\alphabibitemlabel{\MakeUppercase{#1}}]" write$ newline$
+ "\alphabibitemcontent{\MakeUppercase{#1}}%" write$ newline$
+ "\fi" write$ newline$
+ "\fi}" write$ newline$
+ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ def.alphabibitem
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax" write$ newline$
+ " \def\url#1{{\tt #1}}\fi" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}