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+% This BibTeX 0.99 style file is intended for documents that use the
+% author-date citation system. It should be used in conjunction with the
+% authordate1-4.sty (or equivalent) LaTeX style-option.
+%
+% In deciding on the bibliography layout to be implemented, the following
+% works have been consulted:
+% 1. British Standard 5605: "Citing publications by bibliographic
+% references", 1978.
+% 2. British Standard 1629: "Bibliographic references", 1976.
+% (Note: There is now a 1989 edition.)
+% 3. "Copy-editing" by Judith Butcher, Cambridge University Press, 1981.
+% 4. "The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors", Oxford University
+% Press, 1981 (for abbreviations).
+% 5. "The Chicago Manual of Style", Chicago University Press, 1982.
+%
+% Discretion has been used in certain matters. In particular:
+% - Titles are italic except when there is a "contribution title" and
+% a "main publication title", in which case the "contribution title"
+% is roman while the "main publication title" is italic.
+% - When there is a PUBLISHER, it is assumed that ADDRESS contains "place of
+% publication"; output is of the form "place-of-publication: publisher".
+% When there is an ORGANIZATION as well as a PUBLISHER, output is of the
+% form "place-of-publication: publisher, for organization". Otherwise,
+% it is assumed that ADDRESS is a postal address, and output is of the
+% form "institution, address", "organization, address", "school, address"
+% or "howpublished, address".
+% - If there is a MONTH but no VOLUME or NUMBER for a journal-article, the
+% MONTH is used on the assumption that it contains information that is
+% equivalent to VOLUME or NUMBER. MONTH is ignored for other documents
+% that have a PUBLISHER, but output after YEAR for anything else.
+% - When CHAPTER and/or PAGES are specified with INBOOK, it is assumed that
+% these fields are being used to pick out particular pages of interest
+% (as an alternative to using the optional [...] argument of \cite);
+% the information is put at the very end of the entry, in line with BS 1629.
+% When CHAPTER and/or PAGES are specified for INCOLLECTION or INPROCEEDINGS,
+% it is assumed that the fields are being used to specify the location of
+% the part/article of interest; the information is put before the
+% BOOKTITLE, in line with Chicago's treatment of "parts" and "chapters".
+% - Since "volume" can be used in various ways (see page 219 of Butcher),
+% this file assumes that, when there is a SERIES, any VOLUME and NUMBER
+% refer to position in the SERIES (i.e. Butcher's meaning 4).
+% If there is a VOLUME but no SERIES, it is assumed that VOLUME refers
+% to a volume within a particular work (i.e. Butcher's meaning 1, 2 or 3).
+% For INPROCEEDINGS and INCOLLECTION, this information goes after the
+% BOOKTITLE. (If you prefer to have volume information before EDITOR,
+% as on page 449 of Chicago, you can set TYPE = "Vol." with INCOLLECTION.)
+%
+% This file differs from authordate2.bst, authordate3.bst and authordate4.bst
+% in that:
+% - The titles of articles, journals and books are left in whatever
+% combination of upper-case and lower-case appears in the .bib file.
+% - Author's and editor's names are in roman.
+%
+% The combination of authordate1.bst and authordate1-4.sty allows citations
+% of the form \shortcite{bloggs-60} as well as the usual \cite{bloggs-60}.
+% When
+% ... \cite{bloggs-60} ... \shortcite{bloggs-60} ...
+% appears in the input file,
+% ... (Bloggs, 1960) ... (1960) ...
+% appears in the final document.
+%
+% This file was developed from apalike.bst. It also uses code taken from
+% acm.bst, aaai-named.bst, btxbst.doc, ieeetr.bst and siam.bst.
+%
+% David Rhead
+% Cripps Computing Centre
+% Nottingham University
+% March 1990
+%
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.year.month.check}
+{ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { add.period$ write$
+ month empty$
+ { " " year * extra.label * "." *
+ after.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ { " " year * extra.label * " (" * month * ")." *
+ after.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.year.check}
+{ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { add.period$ write$
+ " " year * extra.label * "." *
+ after.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem[" write$
+ label write$
+ "]{" write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {boldface}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { t "others" =
+ { ", {\em et~al.\ }\relax" * }
+ { ", \& " * t * } % Butcher, pages
+ if$ % 186-189.
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 > % Use ODWE abbrevs.
+ { " (eds)" * } % to avoid
+ { " (ed)" * } % ambiguity between
+ if$ % "editor" and
+ } % "edition".
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title} % Nothing needs
+{ title empty$ % doing here in
+ { "" } % authordate1.bst
+ { title } % or
+ if$ % authordate3.bst.
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" } % Don't change case
+ { title emphasize } % in
+ if$ % authordate1.bst
+} % or
+ % authordate3.bst.
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.numberinseries}
+{ number empty$
+ { "" }
+ { number multi.page.check
+ { ", nos. " number n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { ", no. " number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklike.series.volume.number} % Chicago, pages
+{ series empty$ % 450-451.
+ { volume empty$
+ { " " }
+ { " Vol. " volume * }
+ if$
+ }
+ {
+ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series }
+ { series format.numberinseries * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { number empty$
+ { series ", vol. " volume * * }
+ { series ", vol. " * volume * format.numberinseries * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollectionlike.series.volume.number}
+{ series empty$
+ { volume empty$
+ { " " }
+ { " vol. " volume * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { new.block
+ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series }
+ { series format.numberinseries * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { number empty$
+ { series ", vol. " volume * * }
+ { series ", vol. " * volume * format.numberinseries * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { edition "l" change.case$ " edn." * }
+ { edition "t" change.case$ " edn." * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { "" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { "" pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pagesinbook} % By the time the
+{ pages empty$ % reader has read
+ { "" } % address, pub'r,
+ { pages multi.page.check % note (where the
+ { "Pages " pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } % note may end with
+ { "Page " pages tie.or.space.connect } % numbers), s/he
+ if$ % may not recognise
+ } % a number-range as
+ if$ % meaning pages.
+} % Avoid ambiguity
+ % (Butcher, p.181).
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.date.pages}
+{ volume empty$
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { month }
+ if$
+ }
+ { volume boldface field.or.null
+ number empty$
+ { month empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "(" month * ")" * * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { ", " * pages n.dashify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages.inbook}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pagesinbook
+ { type empty$
+ { "Chap." }
+ { type }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * format.pagesinbook "l" change.case$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages.incoll}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { pages empty$
+ { "{\em In:} " }
+ { "{\em " format.pagesinbook " of:} " * * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { type empty$
+ { "{\em Chap. " chapter * }
+ { "{\em " type * " " * chapter * }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ { " of:} " * }
+ { ", " * format.pagesinbook "l" change.case$ " of:} " * * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} % Achieves effect
+{ booktitle empty$ % shown in 16.51
+ { "" } % of Chicago, at
+ { editor empty$ % expense of not
+ { format.chapter.pages.incoll % achieving effects
+ booktitle emphasize * } % shown in 16.50
+ { format.chapter.pages.incoll % of Chicago, on
+ format.editors * ", " * % page 189 of
+ booktitle emphasize * } % Butcher and in
+ if$ % 4.4 of BS 1629.
+ }
+ if$ % Don't change
+} % case.
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type % Don't change
+ } % case.
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "Tech. rept." } % ODWE abbrevs.
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { } % Whatever was
+ { number tie.or.space.connect } % having its case
+ if$ % changed, leave
+} % it alone.
+
+FUNCTION {format.addr.pub}
+{ publisher empty$
+ { "" }
+ { address empty$
+ { "" }
+ { address ": " * }
+ if$
+ publisher *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.addr.pub.org} % If there's an
+{ address empty$ % an organization
+ { publisher * ", for " * organization * } % and a publisher
+ { address ": " * publisher * ", for " * organization * } % too.
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.addr.inst}
+{ address empty$
+ { institution empty$
+ { "" }
+ { institution }
+ if$
+ }
+ { institution empty$
+ { "" }
+ { institution ", " * }
+ if$
+ address *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.addr.org}
+{ address empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { "" }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization empty$
+ { "" }
+ { organization ", " * }
+ if$
+ address *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ "{\em In:}"
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "{\em In:}"
+ }
+ { " Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
+ " of " *
+ }
+ if$
+ "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ "{\em In:}"
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal emphasize % Don't change
+ "journal" output.check % case.
+ format.vol.num.date.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ output.year.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { new.sentence
+ format.edition output
+ new.block
+ booklike.series.volume.number output
+ new.block
+ format.addr.pub "publisher" output.check
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ output.year.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { new.sentence
+ format.edition output
+ new.block
+ booklike.series.volume.number output
+ new.block
+ format.addr.pub "publisher" output.check
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ new.block % BS 1629 (rather
+ format.chapter.pages.inbook "chapter and pages" output.check
+ fin.entry % than Chicago,
+} % p. 451)
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output }
+ { format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output }
+ if$
+ output.year.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$ % Chapter and/or
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle output % page numbers can
+ format.edition output % come out via this
+ incollectionlike.series.volume.number output % route, too.
+ new.block
+ format.addr.pub "publisher" output.check
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ new.block
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ publisher empty$
+ { output.year.month.check }
+ { output.year.check }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ incollectionlike.series.volume.number output
+ new.block
+ publisher empty$
+ {
+ organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { format.addr.org output }
+ if$
+ }
+ {
+ organization empty$
+ { format.addr.pub output }
+ { format.addr.pub.org output }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ format.edition output
+ new.block
+ organization address new.block.checkb
+ format.addr.org output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "M.Phil. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull % ODWE abbrev.
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle output
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull % Butcher,
+ school "school" output.check % page 174.
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ publisher empty$
+ { output.year.month.check }
+ { output.year.check }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ booklike.series.volume.number output
+ new.block
+ publisher empty$
+ {
+ organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { format.addr.org output }
+ if$
+ }
+ {
+ organization empty$
+ { format.addr.pub output }
+ { format.addr.pub.org output }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ new.sentence
+ format.addr.inst "institution" output.check
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ output.year.month.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ note "note" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."} % ODWE, "months", &
+ % Chicago, p. 383.
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " {\em et~al.\ }\relax" * }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " {\em et~al.\ }\relax" * }
+ { " \& " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+ { type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ type$ "incollection" = % For sensible
+ or or % treatment of
+ 'author.editor.key.label % Singer in
+ { type$ "proceedings" = % BS 1629.
+ 'editor.key.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ duplicate$
+ year empty$
+ {
+ "\protect\citename{" swap$ * ", }" *
+ "n.d." * 'label := % Chicago,
+ } % page 457.
+ {
+ "\protect\citename{" swap$ * ", }" *
+ year
+ *
+ 'label :=
+ }
+ if$
+ year field.or.null purify$ *
+ sortify 'sort.label :=
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names} % To produce the
+{ 's := % order of entries
+ #1 'nameptr := % specified in item
+ "" % (3) on page 187
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % of Butcher.
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > nameptr #3 < and } % Only 1st 2 names
+ { nameptr #1 > % matter for
+ { " " * } % sorting.
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % Anything that's
+ nameptr #2 = numnames #2 > and % "et al" goes
+ { "zzzzz" * } % after works by 2
+ { % authors.
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ ff{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+ { "zzzzz" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort} % Two sorting
+{ calc.label % passes, from
+ label sortify % apalike.bst.
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ type$ "incollection" = % For Singer
+ or or % in BS 1629.
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.label :=
+ sort.label
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ label 'last.label :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % Code needed here
+ % if \citeauthor
+ % and \citeyear
+ label extra.label * 'label := % were supported.
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}