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diff --git a/Build/source/utils/asymptote/doc/asyRefCard.tex b/Build/source/utils/asymptote/doc/asyRefCard.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..134acc4b88f --- /dev/null +++ b/Build/source/utils/asymptote/doc/asyRefCard.tex @@ -0,0 +1,558 @@ +% Reference Card for Asymptote + +% Copyright (c) 2011 John C. Bowman. May be freely distributed. +% Thanks to Stephen Gildea for the multicolumn macro package +% and Joseph H. Silverman for the C Reference card. + +%**start of header +\newcount\columnsperpage + +\overfullrule=0pt + +% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below). +% [For 2 or 3 columns, you'll need 6 and 8 point fonts.] +% Specify how many you want here. Nothing else needs to be changed. + +\columnsperpage=2 + +% This reference card is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82). +% +% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side. +% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways: +% 1 column per page +% produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%. +% This gives the best resolution. +% 2 columns per page +% produces three already-reduced pages. +% You will still need to cut and paste. +% 3 columns per page +% produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a +% ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card. +% For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways. +% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above. +% +% (reference card macros due to Stephen Gildea) +% + +\def\versionnumber{1.1} % Version of this reference card +\def\year{2014} +\def\month{May} +\def\version{\month\ \year\ v\versionnumber} + +\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip .5ex plus 2 fill + \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ John C. Bowman + Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}} + +\def\copyrightnotice{ +\vskip 1ex plus 100 fill\begingroup\small +\centerline{\version. Copyright \copyright\ \year\ John C. Bowman} + +Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this card, with +or without modifications, provided the copyright notice and this +permission notice are preserved on all copies. +\endgroup} + +% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below +% can be scanned without complaint. +\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end} + +\newdimen\intercolumnskip +\newbox\columna +\newbox\columnb + +\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage} + +\message{[\ncolumns\space + column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]} + +\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1} + +% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea +% October 1986. +\if 1\ncolumns + \hsize 4in + \vsize 10in + \voffset -.7in + \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3 + \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2 + \font\headingfonttt=\fontname\tentt \scaledmag2 + \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm + \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy + + \footline{\hss\folio} + \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}} +\else + \hsize 3.2in + \vsize 7.95in + \hoffset -.75in + \voffset -.745in + \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2 + \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1 + \font\headingfonttt=cmtt10 \scaledmag1 + \font\smallfont=cmr6 + \font\smallsy=cmsy6 + \font\eightrm=cmr8 + \font\eightbf=cmbx8 + \font\eightit=cmti8 + \font\eighttt=cmtt8 + \font\eightsy=cmsy8 + \font\eightsl=cmsl8 + \font\eighti=cmmi8 + \font\eightex=cmex10 at 8pt + \textfont0=\eightrm + \textfont1=\eighti + \textfont2=\eightsy + \textfont3=\eightex + \def\rm{\fam0 \eightrm} + \def\bf{\eightbf} + \def\it{\eightit} + \def\tt{\eighttt} + \def\sl{\eightsl} + \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip + \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip + \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit + \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect + + \if 2\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=b + \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss} + \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}} + \else \if 3\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=c + \nopagenumbers + \else + \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.} + \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page} + \fi\fi + + \intercolumnskip=.46in + \def\abc{a} + \output={% + % This next line is useful when designing the layout. + %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark} + \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a} + \else\if a\abc + \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b} + %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode) + \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{} + \else + \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi} + \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline + \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip + \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} + \makefootline}\advancepageno} + \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} + + \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \end} +\fi + +% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters +% we might want to talk about +\catcode`\^=12 +%\catcode`\_=12 +\catcode`\~=12 + +\chardef\\=`\\ +\chardef\{=`\{ +\chardef\}=`\} +\chardef\underscore=`\_ + +\hyphenation{} + +\parindent 0pt +\parskip .85ex plus .35ex minus .5ex + +\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip} + +\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject} + +\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex} + +\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak + \vskip .5ex minus .1ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}% + \vskip .3ex minus .1ex} + +\outer\def\librarysection#1#2{\par\filbreak + \vskip .5ex minus .1ex {\headingfont #1}\quad{\headingfonttt<#2>}\mark{#1}% + \vskip .3ex minus .1ex} + + +\newdimen\keyindent + +\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} +\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em} +\def\begindoubleindentedkeys{\keyindent=2em} +\def\enddoubleindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} +\endindentedkeys + +\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign} + +\def\<#1>{$\langle${\rm #1}$\rangle$} + +\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows + +\def\beginexample{\par\vskip1\jot +\hrule width.5\hsize +\vskip1\jot +\begingroup\parindent=2em + \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt} +{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ } +\def\endexample{\endgroup} + +\def\Example{\qquad{\sl Example\/}.\enspace\ignorespaces} + +\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop + {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em + \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +\newbox\metaxbox +\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }} +\newdimen\metaxwidth +\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox + +\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize + {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}% + \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil + \kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\quad + &\kbd{#3}\quad\cr} + +% Define Italic Names +\def\makedef#1 {% +\expandafter\edef\csname#1\endcsname{\hbox{\it#1\/}}} +\makedef array +\makedef arg +\makedef const +\makedef dim +\makedef expr +\makedef filename +\makedef f +\makedef format +\makedef member +\makedef name +\makedef statement +\makedef statements +\makedef string +\makedef type +\makedef value +\makedef var + +%**end of header + + +\title{Asymptote Reference Card} + +\section{Program structure/functions} +\halign{\tt#\hfil&\qquad#\hfil\cr +import "\filename"&import module\cr +import "\filename" as name&import filename as module name\cr +include "\filename"&include verbatim text from file\cr +\type\ \f(\type,\dots);&optional function declaration\cr +\type\ \name;&variable declaration\cr +\type\ \f(\type\ \arg,\dots) \{&function definition\cr +\quad\statements\cr +\quad return \value;\cr +\}\cr +} + +\section{Data types/declarations} +\key{boolean (true or false)}{bool} +\key{tri-state boolean (true, default, or false)}{bool3} +\key{integer}{int} +\key{float (double precision)}{real} +\key{ordered pair (complex number)}{pair} +\key{character string}{string} +\key{fixed piecewise cubic Bezier spline}{path} +\key{unresolved piecewise cubic Bezier spline}{guide} +\key{color, line type/width/cap, font, fill rule}{pen} +\key{label with position, alignment, pen attributes}{Label} +\key{drawing canvas}{picture} +\key{affine transform}{transform} +\key{constant (unchanging) value}{const} +\key{allocate in higher scope}{static} +\key{no value}{void} +\key{inhibit implicit argument casting}{explicit} +\key{structure}{struct} +\key{create name by data type}{typedef \type\ \name} + +\section{3D data types (import three;)} +\key{ordered triple}{triple} +\key{3D path}{path3} +\key{3D guide}{guide3} +\key{3D affine transform}{transform3} + +\section{Constants} +\key{exponential form}{6.02e23} +\key{\TeX\ string constant}{"abc\dots de"} +\key{\TeX\ strings: special characters}{\\\\, \\"} +\key{C strings: constant}{'abc\dots de'} +\key{C strings: special characters}{\\\\, \\" \\' \\?} +\key{C strings: newline, cr, tab, backspace}{\\n \\r \\t \\b} +\key{C strings: octal, hexadecimal bytes}{\\0-\\377 \\x0-\\xFF} + +\section{Operators} +\key{arithmetic operations}{+ - * /} +\key{modulus (remainder)}{\%} +\key{comparisons}{== != > >= < <=} +\key{not}{!} +\key{and or (conditional evaluation of RHS)}{\&\& ||} +\key{and or xor}{\& | ^} +\key{cast expression to type}{(\type) \expr} +\key{increment decrement prefix operators}{++ --} +\key{assignment operators}{+= -= *= /= \%=} +\key{conditional expression}{\expr$_1$\ {?}\ \expr$_2$\ {:}\ \expr$_3$} +\key{structure member operator}{\name.\member} +\key{expression evaluation separator}{,} + +\section{Flow control} +\key{statement terminator}{;} +\key{block delimeters}{\{\quad\}} +\key{comment delimeters}{/*\quad*/} +\key{comment to end of line delimiter}{//} +\key{exit from \kbd{while}/\kbd{do}/\kbd{for}}{break;} +\key{next iteration of \kbd{while}/\kbd{do}/\kbd{for}}{continue;} +\key{return value from function}{return \expr;} +\key{terminate execution}{exit();} +\key{abort execution with error message}{abort(string);} +\metax{{\bf Flow constructions} ({\tt if/while/for/do})\hidewidth}{} +\beginexample +if(\expr)\ \statement +else if(\expr)\ \statement +else \statement +\endexample +\beginexample +while(\expr) +\quad\statement +\endexample +\beginexample +for(\expr$_1$; \expr$_2$; \expr$_3$) +\quad\statement +\endexample +\beginexample +for(\type var : \array) +\quad\statement +\endexample +\beginexample +do \statement +\quad while(\expr); +\endexample + +\section{Arrays} +\key{array}{\type[]\ \name;} +\key{array element i}{\name[i]} +\key{array indexed by elements of int array {\tt A}}{\name[A]} +\key{anonymous array}{new \type[\dim]} +\key{array containing {\tt n} deep copies of {\tt x}}{array(n,x)} +\key{length}{\name.length} +\key{cyclic flag}{\name.cyclic} +\key{pop element {\tt x}}{\name.pop()} +\key{push element {\tt x}}{\name.push(x)} +\key{append array {\tt a}}{\name.append(a)} +\key{insert rest arguments at index {\tt i}}{\name.insert(i,\dots)} +\key{delete element at index {\tt i}}{\name.delete(i)} +\key{delete elements with indices in [{\tt i},{\tt j}]}{\name.delete(i,j)} +\key{delete all elements}{\name.delete()} +\key{test whether element n is initialized}{\name.initialized(n)} +\key{array of indices of initialized elements}{\name.keys} +\key{complement of int array in {\tt \{0,\dots,n-1\}}}{complement(a,n)} +\key{deep copy of array {\tt a}}{copy(a)} +\key{array {\tt \{0,1,\dots,n-1\}}}{sequence(n)} +\key{array {\tt \{n,n+1,\dots,m\}}}{sequence(n,m)} +\key{array {\tt \{n-1,n-2,\dots,0\}}}{reverse(n)} +\key{array {\tt \{f(0),f(1),\dots,f(n-1)\}}}{sequence(f,n)} +\key{array obtained by applying {\tt f} to array {\tt a}}{map(f,a)} +\key{uniform partition of [{\tt a},{\tt b}] into n intervals}{uniform(a,b,n)} +\key{concat specified 1D arrays}{concat(a,b,\dots)} +\key{return sorted array}{sort(a)} +\key{return array sorted using ordering {\tt less}}{sort(a,{\tt less})} +\key{search sorted array {\tt a} for key}{search(a,key)} +\key{index of first true value of bool array {\tt a}}{find(a)} +\key{index of nth true value of bool array {\tt a}}{find(a,n)} + +\section{Initialization} +\key{initialize variable}{\type\ \name=\value;} +\key{initialize array}{\type[]\ \name=\{\dots\};} + +\section{path connectors} +\key{straight segment}{--} +\key{Bezi\'er segment with implicit control points}{..} +\key{Bezi\'er segment with explicit control points}{..controls c0 and c1..} +\key{concatenate}{\&} +\key{lift pen}{^^} +\key{..tension atleast 1..}{::} +\key{..tension atleast infinity..}{---} + +\section{Labels} +\key{implicit cast of string {\tt s} to Label}{s} +\key{Label {\tt s} with relative position and alignment}{Label(s,real,pair)} +\key{Label {\tt s} with absolute position and alignment}{Label(s,pair,pair)} +\key{Label {\tt s} with specified pen}{Label(s,pen)} + +\section{draw commands} +\key{draw path with current pen}{draw(path)} +\key{draw path with pen}{draw(path,pen)} +\key{draw labeled path}{draw(Label,path)} +\key{draw arrow with pen}{draw(path,pen,Arrow)} +\key{draw path on picture}{draw(picture,path)} +\key{draw visible portion of line through two pairs}{drawline(pair,pair)} + +\section{fill commands} +\key{fill path with current pen}{fill(path)} +\key{fill path with pen}{fill(path,pen)} +\key{fill path on picture}{fill(picture,path)} + +\section{label commands} +\key{label a pair with optional alignment z}{label(Label,pair,{\tt z})} +\key{label a path with optional alignment z}{label(Label,path,{\tt z})} +\key{add label to picture}{label(picture,Label)} + +\section{clip commands} +\key{clip to path}{clip(path)} +\key{clip to path with fill rule}{clip(path,pen)} +\key{clip picture to path}{clip(picture,path)} + +\section{pens} +\key{Grayscale pen from value in [0,1]}{gray(g)} +\key{RGB pen from values in [0,1]}{rgb(r,g,b)} +\key{CMYK pen from values in [0,1]}{cmyk(r,g,b)} +\key{RGB pen from heximdecimal string]}{rgb(string)} +\key{heximdecimal string from rgb pen]}{hex(pen)} +\key{hsv pen from values in [0,1]}{hsv(h,s,v)} +\key{invisible pen}{invisible} +\key{default pen}{defaultpen} +\key{current pen}{currentpen} +\key{solid pen}{solid} +\key{dotted pen}{dotted} +\key{wide dotted current pen}{Dotted} +\key{wide dotted pen}{Dotted(pen)} +\key{dashed pen}{dashed} +\key{long dashed pen}{longdashed} +\key{dash dotted pen}{dashdotted} +\key{long dash dotted pen}{longdashdotted} +\key{PostScript butt line cap}{squarecap} +\key{PostScript round line cap}{roundcap} +\key{PostScript projecting square line cap}{extendcap} +\key{miter join}{miterjoin} +\key{round join}{roundjoin} +\key{bevel join}{beveljoin} +\key{pen with miter limit}{miterlimit(real)} +\key{zero-winding fill rule}{zerowinding} +\key{even-odd fill rule}{evenodd} +\key{align to character bounding box (default)}{nobasealign} +\key{align to \TeX\ baseline}{basealign} +\key{pen with font size (pt)}{fontsize(real)} +\key{LaTeX pen from encoding,family,series,shape}{font(strings)} +\key{\TeX\ pen}{font(string)} +\key{scaled \TeX\ pen}{font(string,real)} +\key{PostScript font from strings}{Courier(series,shape)} +\key{pen with opacity in [0,1]}{opacity(real)} +\key{construct pen nib from polygonal path}{makepen(path)} +\key{pen mixing operator}{+} + +\section{path operations} +\key{number of segments in path {\tt p}}{length(p)} +\key{number of nodes in path {\tt p}}{size(p)} +\key{is path {\tt p} cyclic?}{cyclic(p)} +\key{is segment {\tt i} of path {\tt p} straight?}{straight(p,i)} +\key{is path {\tt p} straight?}{piecewisestraight(p)} +\key{coordinates of path {\tt p} at time {\tt t}}{point(p,t)} +\key{direction of path {\tt p} at time {\tt t}}{dir(p,t)} +\key{direction of path {\tt p} at {\tt length(p)}}{dir(p)} +\key{unit(dir(p)+dir(q))}{dir(p,q)} +\key{acceleration of path {\tt p} at time {\tt t}}{accel(p,t)} +\key{radius of curvature of path {\tt p} at time {\tt t}}{radius(p,t)} +\key{precontrol point of path {\tt p} at time {\tt t}}{precontrol(p,t)} +\key{postcontrol point of path {\tt p} at time {\tt t}}{postcontrol(p,t)} +\key{arclength of path {\tt p}}{arclength(p)} +\key{time at which {\tt arclength(p)=L}}{arctime(p,L)} +\key{point on path {\tt p} at arclength {\tt L}}{arcpoint(p,L)} +\key{first value {\tt t} at which {\tt dir(p,t)=z}}{dirtime(p,z)} +\key{time {\tt t} at relative fraction {\tt l} of {\tt arclength(p)}}{reltime(p,l)} +\key{point at relative fraction {\tt l} of {\tt arclength(p)}}{relpoint(p,l)} +\key{point midway along arclength of {\tt p}}{midpoint(p)} +\key{path running backwards along {\tt p}}{reverse(p)} +\key{subpath of {\tt p} between times {\tt a} and {\tt b}}{subpath(p,a,b)} +\key{times for one intersection of paths {\tt p} and {\tt q}}{intersect(p,q)} +\key{times at which {\tt p} reaches minimal extents}{mintimes(p)} +\key{times at which {\tt p} reaches maximal extents}{maxtimes(p)} +\key{intersection times of paths {\tt p} and {\tt q}}{intersections(p,q)} +\key{intersection times of path {\tt p} with `{\tt --a--b--}'}{intersections(p,a,b)} +\key{intersection times of path {\tt p} crossing $x=${\tt x}}{times(p,x)} +\key{intersection times of path {\tt p} crossing $y=${\tt z.y}}{times(p,z)} +\key{intersection point of paths {\tt p} and {\tt q}}{intersectionpoint(p,q)} +\key{intersection points of {\tt p} and {\tt q}}{intersectionpoints(p,q)} +\key{intersection of extension of {\tt P--Q} and {\tt p--q}}{extension(P,Q,p,q)} +\key{lower left point of bounding box of path {\tt p}}{min(p)} +\key{upper right point of bounding box of path {\tt p}}{max(p)} +\key{subpaths of {\tt p} split by {\tt n}th cut of {\tt knife}}{cut(p,knife,n)} +\key{winding number of path {\tt p} about pair {\tt z}}{windingnumber(p,z)} +\key{pair {\tt z} lies within path {\tt p}?}{interior(p,z)} +\key{pair {\tt z} lies within or on path {\tt p}?}{inside(p,z)} +\key{path surrounding region bounded by paths}{buildcycle(\dots)} +\key{path filled by \tt{draw(g,p)}}{strokepath(g,p)} +\key{unit square with lower-left vertex at origin}{unitsquare} +\key{unit circle centered at origin}{unitcircle} +\key{circle of radius {\tt r} about {\tt c}}{circle(c,r)} +\key{arc of radius {\tt r} about {\tt c} from angle {\tt a} to {\tt b}}{arc(c,r,a,b)} +\key{unit {\tt n}-sided polygon}{polygon(n)} +\key{unit {\tt n}-point cyclic cross}{cross(n)} + +\section{pictures} +\key{add picture {\tt pic} to currentpicture}{add(pic)} +\key{add picture {\tt pic} about pair {\tt z}}{add(pic,z)} + +\section{affine transforms} +\key{identity transform}{identity()} +\key{shift by values}{shift(real,real)} +\key{shift by pair}{shift(pair)} +\key{scale by {\tt x} in the $x$ direction}{xscale(x)} +\key{scale by {\tt y} in the $y$ direction}{yscale(y)} +\key{scale by {\tt x} in both directions}{scale(x)} +\key{scale by real values {\tt x} and {\tt y}}{scale(x,y)} +\key{map $(x,y) \rightarrow (x+${\tt s}$y,y)$}{slant(s)} +\key{rotate by real {\tt angle} in degrees about pair {\tt z}}{rotate(angle,z=(0,0))} +\key{reflect about line from {\tt P--Q}}{reflect(P,Q)} + +\section{string operations} +\key{concatenate operator}{+} +\key{string length}{length(string)} +\key{position $\ge$ {\tt pos} of first occurence of {\tt t} in {\tt s}}{find({\tt s},{\tt t},pos=0)} +\key{position $\le$ {\tt pos} of last occurence of {\tt t} in {\tt s}}{rfind({\tt s},{\tt t},pos=-1)} +\key{string with {\tt t} inserted in {\tt s} at {\tt pos}}{insert({\tt s},{\tt pos},{\tt t})} +\key{string {\tt s} with {\tt n} characters at {\tt pos} erased}{erase({\tt s},{\tt pos},{\tt n})} +\key{substring of string {\tt s} of length {\tt n} at {\tt pos}}{substr({\tt s},{\tt pos},{\tt n})} +\key{string {\tt s} reversed}{reverse({\tt s})} +\key{string {\tt s} with {\tt before} changed to {\tt after}}{replace({\tt s},{\tt before},{\tt after})} +\key{string {\tt s} translated via {\tt \{\{before,after\},\dots\}}}{replace({\tt +s},string [][] table)} +\key{format {\tt x} using C-style format string {\tt s} }{format({\tt s},x)} +\key{casts hexadecimal string to an integer}{hex(s)} +\key{casts {\tt x} to string using precision {\tt digits}}{string(x,digits=realDigits)} +\key{current time formatted by {\tt format}}{time(format="\%a \%b \%d \%T \%Z \%Y")} +\key{time in seconds of string {\tt t} using {\tt format}}{seconds(t,format)} +\key{string corresponding to {\tt seconds} using {\tt format}}{time(seconds,format)} +\key{split {\tt s} into strings separated by {\tt delimiter}}{split(s,delimiter="")} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END LIBRARIES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +% This goes at the bottom of the last page (column 6) +\copyrightnotice +% + +\bye + +% Local variables: +% compile-command: "tex AsyRefCard" +% End: + + + + |