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+% apalike.tex, version 0.99b (8-Dec-10), for btxmac 0.99i, BibTeX 0.99c,
+% TeX 3.0 or later.
+%
+% Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 2010 Oren Patashnik.
+% Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long as
+% it is unmodified. Modifications (and redistribution of modified versions)
+% are also permitted, but only if the resulting file is renamed.
+%
+% This file, apalike.tex, contains TeX macros that let you use the
+% apalike bibliography style with plain TeX. In essence, this file
+% provides the TeX counterpart to apalike.sty, the LaTeX style file
+% required for using the apalike bibliography style. Please report any
+% bugs (outright goofs, misfeatures, or unclear documentation) to
+% biblio@tug.org. These macros will become frozen
+% shortly after BibTeX version 1.00 is released.
+%
+% AMS-TEX WARNING: This style (apalike) doesn't work with AmS-TeX's
+% `amsppt' style, because AmS-TeX redefines the tie character `~' of
+% plain TeX, and the `amsppt' style redefines plain TeX's `\nobreak'
+% macro, so that a multiple-author reference for which `apalike'
+% automatically produces an in-text citation like `(Jones et~al., 1992)'
+% will throw AmS-TeX's `amsppt' style into an infinite loop, exceeding
+% its input stack size. (I've checked no other AmS-TeX styles for this
+% problem.) The AmS-TeX warning of btxmac.tex gives more information.
+% END OF AMS-TEX WARNING.
+%
+% Editorial note (i.e., flame):
+% Many journals require a style like `apalike', but I recommend that you
+% not use it if you have a choice---use something like `plain' instead.
+% Mary-Claire van Leunen (A Handbook for Scholars, Knopf, 1979) argues
+% convincingly that a style like `plain' encourages better writing than
+% one like `apalike'. Furthermore the best argument for using an
+% author-date style like `apalike'---that it's "the most practical"
+% (The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press, thirteenth
+% edition, 1982, pages 400--401)---falls flat on its face with the new
+% computer-typesetting technology. For instance page 401 of the Chicago
+% Manual anachronistically states "The chief disadvantage of [a style
+% like `plain'] is that additions or deletions cannot be made after the
+% manuscript is typed without changing numbers in both text references
+% and list." With (La)TeX the disadvantage obviously evaporates.
+% Moreover, apalike indulges in what I think is a shortsighted practice:
+% automatically abbreviating first names. Abbreviating may occasionally
+% make the work a page shorter, but at the cost of a less useful
+% reference list; that's too high a cost for such a marginal benefit.
+% The offense isn't egregious for a name like `Donald E. Knuth'---at
+% least among those familiar with his field---since there aren't many
+% other `D. E. Knuth's floating around. But referring to `D. E. Smith'
+% in a field having more than one can be quite confusing. Moreover,
+% with the proliferation of computers and citation indexes nowadays,
+% it's important to indicate in the reference list an author's name
+% exactly as it appears in the work cited. Automatically abbreviating
+% first names is simply bad scholarship. (End of flame.)
+%
+% To use these macros you need the btxmac.tex macros, which let you use
+% BibTeX with plain TeX (rather than with LaTeX); the file btxmac.tex
+% explains those macros in detail, and gives examples. You simply
+% \input apalike right after you \input btxmac to invoke these macros.
+%
+%
+% HISTORY
+%
+% Oren Patashnik wrote the original version of these macros in December
+% 1990, for use with btxmac.tex.
+%
+% 12-Dec-90 Version 0.99a, first general release.
+% 29-Feb-92 0.99b, changed `\biblabelextrahang' to `\biblabelextraspace',
+% to keep up with btxmac.tex version 0.99i.
+% 8-Dec-10 Still version 0.99b, as the code itself was unchanged;
+% this release clarified the license.
+%
+% Here, finally (I swear, I thought he was never gonna stop), are the
+% macros. The first bunch makes the label empty and sets 2em of
+% hanging indentation (via \biblabelextraspace) for each entry.
+%
+\def\biblabelprint#1{\noindent}%
+\def\biblabelcontents#1{}%
+\def\bblhook{\biblabelextraspace = 2em }%
+%
+%
+% And the last bunch formats an in-text citation: parens around the
+% entire citation; semicolons separating individual references; and a
+% comma between a reference and its note (like `page 41') if it exists.
+%
+\def\printcitestart{(}% left paren
+\def\printcitefinish{)}% right parent
+\def\printbetweencitations{; }% semicolon, space
+\def\printcitenote#1{, #1}% comma, space, note (if it exists)