diff options
95 files changed, 51975 insertions, 563 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/CHANGES-3.26 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/CHANGES-3.26 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ed71bfd11e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/CHANGES-3.26 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +Changes since version 3.25 + +New answers: + +Label expl3-old: package needs a newer LaTeX 3 harness + +Label latex3-prog: learning LaTeX 3 programming + +Label repeat-num: repeat an operation a given number of times + +Label repeat-set: repeat an operation for each element of a set + +Label whatenv: brief outline of what environments are + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label acrobat: [tidying layout] + +Label archives: largely rewritten for "new" archive arrangements + +Label chapbib: show biblatex-based approach + +Label codelist: more on use of minted package + +Label complist: clarified description of "what's going on" + +Label cmdstar: clarified use of LaTeX 3, here + +Label conditional: suggest stampinclude for rapid (partial) compilation + +Label ctan: revised following recent changes to archive access + +Label dolldoll: elaborated "reasons" from a tex.stackexchange answer + +Label dpfloat: describe use of caption package for the job + +Label drawing: reword text about PGF/TikZ + +Label extsizes: describe use of scrextend package for document font sizes + +Label ftncapt: clarify example + +Label hyphenaccents: the "future" (unicode hyphenation tables) is here! + +Label ltxcmds: more detail of the latexdef application + +Label latexqual: add a proviso about l2tabu/nag + +Label make: add recommendation for arara + +Label man-latex: Nicola Talbot's stuff has moved to a new web site + +Label minxampl: discuss support packages + +Label nofm: suggest zref-lastpage + +Label oddpage: suggest the ifoddpage package + +Label patch: describe the regexpatch package + +Label pkgdoc: mention the site texdoc.net, miktex mthelp + +Label pdftexgraphics: mention pdftricks2 + +Label psfchoice: update mathdesign outline, add newtx and garamondx + +Label readML: Context can do the job (rather well, one understands ;-) + +Label readtex: suggest asking for a PDF instead ;-) + +Label spell: update, add recommendation for (exptl) spelling package + +Label struttab: removed internal macros in example of cellspace + +Label symbols: rearrange, and mention unicode maths symbol table + +Label tocloft: mention new (straightforward) etoc package + +Label uploads: rewritten for the (new) archive arrangements + +Label vertspacefloat: moved to a new location in question list + +Label virtualfonts: change question "title" to be a question + +Label xetex: change question "title" to match other projects' titles, + redo answer, based on a tex/sx post + +Deleted answers: + <none removed> + +Web interface, etc.: + The "default archive" (used in links from answers) is now mirror.ctan.org + (i.e., it's not an archive, but a selector of a mirror of the archive) + +Robin Fairbairns +Hapless FAQer of Cambridge diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/ChangeLog b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/ChangeLog index 8817b98318a..f3de019d90d 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/ChangeLog +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,475 @@ +2013-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: update \faqfiledate + +2013-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-support.tex (q-spell): editorial + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-readml): question links for context, luatex + +2013-02-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-pdftexgraphics): \lastedit + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-nofm): \lastedit + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-latexqual): \lastedit + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-dpfloat, q-ftncapt): \lastedit + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-dolldoll): editorial + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-ctan): editorial + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): editorial + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatenv): editorial + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-expl3-old): editorial + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-num): editorial + +2013-02-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): updates from -beta (not many) + +2013-02-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): \lastedit outside ctanrefs(!) + (q-noline): question title in quotes + +2013-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add arara + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-make): add arara + +2013-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: align with texfaq2html (regular) + +2013-02-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-omegaleph): editorial + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-expl3-old): editorial (too many parens) + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-dpfloat): describe \ContinuedFloat + + * faq-projects.tex (q-xetex): change question title to match others in + the section + +2013-01-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-getit.tex (q-uploads): reflect changed situation + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-ctan): reflect changed situation + +2013-01-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ucharclasses, xecjk + + * add-general.tex (q-xetex*): new, from an answer in stackexchange + +2013-01-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: add \ctan for all those \acro calls + + * gather-faqbody.tex: file date today. may be near, now... + +2013-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-pkgdoc): mthelp on miktex rather than texdoc + +2013-01-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add mwe, blindtext and lipsum + + * faq-docs.tex (q-minxampl): more detail about support packages, etc; + editorial + +2013-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-chapbib): show biblatex-based approach + +2012-12-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove biolinum-type1 (never actually used in a + published version...) + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-patch): mention regexpatch + + * dirctan.tex: add regexpatch + +2012-12-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-getit.tex (q-archives): first stab at "new world" + (q-uploads): only one upload method, nowadays + +2012-12-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add spelling + + * faq-support.tex (q-spell): update text, and add spelling package + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \^o + +2012-12-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-spawnprog): editorial + (q-hyphen): editorial, ref q-hyphenaccents + +2012-11-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): omit frivolous comment about uea users + being taught by nicola + (q-latex3-prog): moved here from faq-mac-prog + +2012-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-conditional): suggest stampinclude + + * dirctan.tex: add commado + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-set): add commado and filesdo + + * filectan.tex: add interface3-doc, expl3-doc + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-latex3-prog): new, from stack exchange + +2012-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): elaborate on use of minted + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-readml): give context mkiv pride of place + (coming from nowhere in the previous release ;-) + +2012-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-center-flt): typo + +2012-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-pdftexgraphics): add pdftricks2 + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-tocloft): mention etoc + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): add garamondx extn to newtx + + * dirctan.tex: add garamondx, pdftricks2; correct pdftricks; remove all + "libertine*" except libertine itself; add cat link for newtx + +2012-11-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-samepage): editorial twiddle + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-extsizes): caveat text for scrextend, about + design (perhaps restructure so as to have just one caveat for both + packages) + +2012-11-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-litprog.tex (q-lit): sort empty link target + + * faq-support.tex (q-texcad): sort empty link target + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-vertspacefloat): removed + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-vertspacefloat): come from faq-how-do-i + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatenv): point out args don't propagate to + end env code + + * add-general.tex (q-center-flt): new, following q on c.t.t (or summat) + +2012-11-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add shorttoc + + * add-general.tex (q-shorttoc): new answer (copied from tex/sx) + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.26, today (premature...) + +2012-11-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-expl3-old): new, from add-general + + * faq-docs.tex (q-pkgdoc): mention texdoc.net + +2012-11-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-extsizes): show use of scrextend for random sizes + +2012-10-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): editorial don't refer to expl3 directly + + * add-general.tex (q-expl3-old): new, about the common error message + +2012-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add memoir-man + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-complist): editorial, for clarification, incl + pointer to memoir manual section + +2012-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-usebibtex): editorial (testing macros) + +2012-10-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * archive.cfg: use mirror.ctan.org for arch ptrs + + * add-general.tex (q-otf-maths): editorial + +2012-10-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-otf-maths): started yesterday -- what it says + +2012-10-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): change question answered, update listed + coverage of mathdesign + (q-pspreview): editorial + (q-charshift): note now vanishingly unlikely + +2012-10-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-bib-trblshoot): new answer, from sx/63852 + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-dolldoll): tidy, on the basis of sx/503 + +2012-10-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-texsystems): no empty arg to \qref + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): clarify statements about pgf + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): pick up changes in -beta + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): only one \pictex, with "i" flag + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-virtualfonts): correct href to knuth on vfs + + * texfaq2html-gamma: use label-to-file.pl + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-dvi,q-pk,q-tfm,q-virtualfonts): editorial + +2012-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-simple-maths): remove refs to libgreek, libertine, + biolinum (since libgreek is based on libertine-legacy) + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): libertine-legacy->libertine-type1 + + * dirctan.tex: add libertine, libertine-t1, biolinum-t1, remove + libertine-legacy + +2012-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove libertine-legacy, add libertine, {}-type1, + biolinum-type1 + +2012-10-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-nofm): zref-lastpage does a LastPage label, too + +2012-10-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-gensym): opening out old proto-answer + +2012-10-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * patchdates.tex: is this really necessary + + * add-general.tex (q-detknize): probably dead -- mark as such + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatenv): new, from add-general + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-ctan): tweak description of mirror.ctan + (q-whyfree): add closing paren in first sentence! + (q-readtex): add a let-out clause at the end ;-) + +2012-10-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-ltxcmds): diddle with margins for narrowversion + + * add-general.tex (q-whatenv): basic body of answer complete + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex,faq-docs.tex,faq-graphics.texfaq-how-do-i.tex + (throughout): use \pictex{} + + * faq.sty: \pictex so as to avoid typos ;-) + + * filectan.tex: remove l2tabuen, l2tabuen.src + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): unify reference to l2tabu + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-ltxcmds): more examples of the performance of + latexdef, for environments + (q-latexqual): tone down the dogmatism about l2tabu/nag + +2012-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-prog-tex): a start on this, too + (q-prog-tex): another paragraph + +2012-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatenv): a start... + +2012-10-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-poster): update nlct link, add comments giving + status of links [CHANGES] + +2012-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove \quotify again (problems + with nested quotes) + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-badhyph): write out effect of \quotify; editorial + + * faq.sty: remove \quotify again (see sanitize reversion) + +2012-09-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): process \quotify + + * texfaq2html-beta: open $archive_list from $home (why did it work?) + + * faq.sty: define \quotify (according to hyperversion) + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-badhyph): modernise markup with \cmdinvoke, + \quotify, etc + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-hyphenaccents): the future (unicode + hyphenation) is here, so cover it (however briefly) + + * faq.sty: suppress font list from pdftex (per heiko's tip on texhax) + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-optionclash): correct quote env matching + +2012-09-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-optclash): clarification, in light of several + tex/sx comments on a question there [needs checking!] + +2012-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: default_archive now mirror.ctan + + * archive.list: add mirror.ctan.org, remove tug + +2012-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-multind): editorial + +2012-09-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-symbols): reorganise, add unimath-symbols + + * add-general.tex (q-nolnerr): new, "no line to end" + +2012-09-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-newlineargs): editorial + +2012-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-view-rot): outline for new answer + +2012-08-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex: correct doc link for txfontsb + +2012-08-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add newtx, references to libertine support, etc. + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): editorial, add text about newtx + +2012-07-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-struttab): don't do \cmdinvoke in verbatim! + +2012-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): uprate the wiki latex book + +2012-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-set): correct typo + +2012-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-num): comment-out repeat package (oops!) + +2012-07-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-num): restore para left behind in + q-repeat-set when the two were split + + * add-general.tex (q-multiling): lots of editorial, trying not to + change sense, except my confusion in thinking polyglossia works with + luatex + +2012-07-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-patch): typo + +2012-06-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add dowith + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repetition): add dowith package (probably more i + need to write about, but this will do for the time being) + +2012-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repetition): new, from add-general + +2012-06-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): big thrash toward a releasable thing + + * dirctan.tex: add etextools, etoolbox, datatool, forarray + + * filectan.tex: add repeat + +2012-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: standardise on libertineOTF as directory name + + * add-general.tex: yet more diddling of list of repeater packages + +2012-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ifoddpage + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-oddpage): add ifoddpage + +2012-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-unicode): unicode bundle now ucs; reword text + around utf8 inputenc option selection + + * dirctan.tex: libertine now *-legacy and *otf + + * add-general.tex (q-simple-maths): split libertine links to otf, legacy + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-music): m-tx in ctanrefs + + * dirctan.tex: rename unicode entry->ucs, mtx->m-tx + +2012-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-ftncapt): clarify example, per note from david c + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-virtualfonts): change title to question + 2012-03-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> * gather-faqbody.tex: v 3.25, today diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/FAQ-html.tar.xz b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/FAQ-html.tar.xz Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2cd61ef28de --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/FAQ-html.tar.xz diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile index 717708568a3..1345d541131 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile @@ -201,9 +201,9 @@ $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize.pl: $(HOME_DIR)/sanitize.pl $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize-beta.pl: $(HOME_DIR)/sanitize-beta.pl $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-beta $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-gamma $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize.pl $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize-beta.pl: - co -l $@ +# co -l $@ cp -p $? $@ - ci -u -m"automatic check-in" $@ +# ci -u -m"automatic check-in" $@ html: $(HTMLDIR)/index.html diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile-CTAN b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile-CTAN new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..52912fb5fcc --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/Makefile-CTAN @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +# this file is auto-generated; edit mk-makefile, not this + +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/ChangeLog: ChangeLog +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/Makefile: Makefile +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/README: README +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/dirctan.tex: dirctan.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq.cls: faq.cls +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq.sty: faq.sty +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/filectan.tex: filectan.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/gather-faqbody.tex: gather-faqbody.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/letterfaq.tex: letterfaq.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/archive.cfg: archive.cfg +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/markup-syntax: markup-syntax +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/newfaq.tex: newfaq.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/letterfaq.pdf: letterfaq.pdf +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/newfaq.pdf: newfaq.pdf +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faqfont.cfg.cmfonts: faqfont.cfg.cmfonts +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/FAQ-html.tar.gz: FAQ-html.tar.gz +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/CHANGES-3.25: CHANGES-3.25 +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-adj-types.tex: faq-adj-types.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-backgrnd.tex: faq-backgrnd.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-biblio.tex: faq-biblio.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-bits+pieces.tex: faq-bits+pieces.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-docs.tex: faq-docs.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-dvi.tex: faq-dvi.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-fmt-conv.tex: faq-fmt-conv.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-fonts.tex: faq-fonts.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-getit.tex: faq-getit.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-graphics.tex: faq-graphics.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-how-do-i.tex: faq-how-do-i.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-hyp+pdf-1.tex: faq-hyp+pdf-1.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-hyp+pdf.tex: faq-hyp+pdf.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-hyp-pdf-rev.tex: faq-hyp-pdf-rev.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-images.tex: faq-images.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-install.tex: faq-install.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-intro.tex: faq-intro.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-jot-err.tex: faq-jot-err.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-lab-ref.tex: faq-lab-ref.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-litprog.tex: faq-litprog.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-mac-prog.tex: faq-mac-prog.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-projects.tex: faq-projects.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-support.tex: faq-support.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-symbols.tex: faq-symbols.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-t-g-wr.tex: faq-t-g-wr.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-texsys.tex: faq-texsys.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-the-end.tex: faq-the-end.tex +/anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-wdidt.tex: faq-wdidt.tex + +TARGETS = \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/ChangeLog \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/Makefile \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/README \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/dirctan.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq.cls \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq.sty \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/filectan.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/gather-faqbody.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/letterfaq.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/archive.cfg \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/markup-syntax \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/newfaq.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/letterfaq.pdf \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/newfaq.pdf \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faqfont.cfg.cmfonts \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/FAQ-html.tar.gz \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-adj-types.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-backgrnd.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-biblio.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-bits+pieces.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-docs.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-dvi.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-fmt-conv.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-fonts.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-getit.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-graphics.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-how-do-i.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-hyp+pdf-1.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-hyp+pdf.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-hyp-pdf-rev.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-images.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-install.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-intro.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-jot-err.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-lab-ref.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-litprog.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-mac-prog.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-projects.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-support.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-symbols.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-t-g-wr.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-texsys.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-the-end.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/faq-wdidt.tex \ + /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/CHANGES-3.25 + +all: $(TARGETS) + echo $^ + if [ -f $^ ]; then \ + /anfs/ctan-maint/install/ctan_install -replace -silent -nozip $(F^) help/uk-tex-faq/$(F^); \ + else \ + /anfs/ctan-maint/install/ctan_install -new -silent $(F^) help/uk-tex-faq/$(F^); \ + fi + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.16b b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.16b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a9ab7d229d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.16b @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +Changes in version 3.16c + +This file incorporates the changes from version 3.16 that previously +appeared in file CHANGES-3.16a and -3.16b; new changes for this +release (3.16c) are marked with a plus ("+") sign. + + +New answer: + +Label isdef: "is this command defined?" tests + Label optionclash: clashing package options error in LaTeX + +Revised answers: + +Label bibprefixsort: two new examples + +Label citeURL: provide a list (rather than a bunch) of alternative + styles, mention babelbib + Label ECfonts: reword discussion of mathematics and EC fonts (i.e., + emphasise that there's no direct relation) + Label filename: extend macro definitions, hopefully expanding the + usefulness and usability of the answer + Label hyperdupdest: other sources of the error than repeated pages + Label minitoc: corrected error in q-minitoc code, tidy comments + Label minxampl: include the word "minimal", since it's a common search term + +Label multirow: mention the case of multicolumn-multirow + Label music: mention Lilypond as a source of TeX-compatible music + +Label music: correct Web output of package list at end of answer + +Label oarglikesect: mention kernel command \@dblarg + Label poster: mention Nicola Talbot's experimental flowfram layout package + +Label secthead: rewritten accounts of sectsty & titlesec + Label texinfo: rewritten in parts, following a reader comment + Label texsystems: miktex installation has changed with v2.5 + Label tutbitslatex: added pointers to TUG-maintained material on fonts + +Label tutbitslatex: added pointer to Fauske's page on PGF/TikZ + Label virtualfonts: re-thought through + +Label watermark: noted that package draftcopy doesn't work with pdflatex, + +Label watermark: mention draftwatermark + +Label whatbst: correct reed.edu link + +Bugfixes: + Label cmdstar: part of the example code was just wrong + Label enumerate: unclarity in text caused by a typo + Bug in "introduction=yes" HTML code corrected + Label atsigns: mark-up error caused curious HTML output (editorial + improvement too) + +Release dates are now represented in ISO format (yyyy-mm-dd) -- + previously we used the LaTeX format, using solidus instead of hyphen + +Future releases: + Despite missing the nominal "end August 2006" delivery (through an + unfortunate combination of events), I'm aiming to maintain the + stream of (approximately) monthly "bugfix" releases. There are no + current plans for a major release, though work on the new web-based + version continues. + +Robin Fairbairns +2006-10-02 diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.16c b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.16c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a651ecab89 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.16c @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Changes in version 3.16c + +This file incorporates the changes from version 3.16 that previously +appeared in file CHANGES-3.16a and -3.16b; new changes for this +release (3.16c) are marked with a plus ("+") sign. + + +New answer: + +Label isdef: "is this command defined?" tests + Label optionclash: clashing package options error in LaTeX + +Revised answers: + +Label bibprefixsort: two new examples + +Label citeURL: provide a list (rather than a bunch) of alternative + styles, mention babelbib + Label ECfonts: reword discussion of mathematics and EC fonts (i.e., + emphasise that there's no direct relation) + Label filename: extend macro definitions, hopefully expanding the + usefulness and usability of the answer + Label hyperdupdest: other sources of the error than repeated pages + Label minitoc: corrected error in q-minitoc code, tidy comments + Label minxampl: include the word "minimal", since it's a common search term + +Label multirow: mention the case of multicolumn-multirow + Label music: mention Lilypond as a source of TeX-compatible music + +Label music: correct Web output of package list at end of answer + +Label oarglikesect: mention kernel command \@dblarg + Label poster: mention Nicola Talbot's experimental flowfram layout package + +Label secthead: rewritten accounts of sectsty & titlesec + Label texinfo: rewritten in parts, following a reader comment + Label texsystems: miktex installation has changed with v2.5 + Label tutbitslatex: added pointers to TUG-maintained material on fonts + +Label tutbitslatex: added pointer to Fauske's page on PGF/TikZ + Label virtualfonts: re-thought through + +Label watermark: noted that package draftcopy doesn't work with pdflatex, + +Label watermark: mention draftwatermark + +Label whatbst: correct reed.edu link + +Bugfixes: + Label cmdstar: part of the example code was just wrong + Label enumerate: unclarity in text caused by a typo + Bug in "introduction=yes" HTML code corrected + Label atsigns: mark-up error caused curious HTML output (editorial + improvement too) + +Release dates are now represented in ISO format (yyyy-mm-dd) -- + previously we used the LaTeX format, using solidus instead of hyphen + +Future releases: + There are no current plans for a major release, though work on the + new web-based version continues. + +Robin Fairbairns +2006-12-18 diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.17 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.17 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c5c26c2c451 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.17 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +Changes in version 3.16d + +This file incorporates the changes from version 3.16 that previously +appeared in file CHANGES-3.16a, -3.16b and -3.16c; new changes for +this release (3.16d) are marked with a plus ("+") sign. + + +New answers: + +Label biblatex: discusses BibTeX replacements (amsrefs, biblatex) + +Label checksum: "checksum error in font" message + +Label figurehere: how to avoid floating figures/tables altogether + +Label entercompmode: "entering compatibility mode" message + +Label fontsize: how to program arbitrary font sizes in LaTeX + +Label latexqual: assessing the quality of your LaTeX + +Label mathonlyref: only referenced equations are numbered + +Label run-fn-nos: running footnote numbers when class numbers per chapter + +Revised answers: + +Label altabcr: extended examples and tidied a bit + +Label BibTeXing: add reference to Shell & Hoadley's btxFAQ + +Label books mention LaTeX Graphics Companion 2nd edition; use ISBN-13 + +Label CD: now couched in terms of the TeX collection + +Label changebar: mention changes.sty + +Label commercial:update details of Textures + +Label dec_comma: mention numprint as possible way to get things right + +Label docpictex: mention PiCTeX summary now on CTAN + +Label fonts-pln: mention pdcmac bundle + +Label ftnsect: rewrite to make recommendations clearer + +Label getbitmap: reworded to suggest that bitmaps aren't standard any more + +Label LaTeXtoPlain: suggest ways forward for aspiring translators + +Label make: mention autolatex + +Label man-latex: mention Grätzer's "short course" + +Label minxampl: editorial work, including (perhaps) clarifying web version + +Label newfont*: was newfont; content rearranged between this, plninltx* and + the new label fontsize + +Label newfunction: expand description + +Label ol-books: TeX by Topic now available from CTAN + +Label papersize: mention Acrobat Reader's default scaling + +Label plninltx*: was plninltx; content rearranged between this, newfont* and + the new fontsize + +Label protect: clarify lists of commands known to be fragile, etc + +Label psfchoice: add links to papers about maths fonts in tex; add fouriernc, + mathdesign/FS Garamond, kpfonts, minionpro and mnsymbol + +Label running-nos: rearrange to emphasise package chngctr + +Label tabcellalign: rationalised, reduced range of recommendations + +Label tocbibind: mention \phantomsection for when doing the job "by hand" + +Label twooptarg: mention the xargs package + +Label unkgrfextn: mention grffile package + +Label wdnohyph: mention \uchyph (not that it's much use) + +Bugfixes: + +Future releases: + There are no current plans for a major release, though work on the + new web-based version continues. + +Robin Fairbairns +2007-10-?? diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.18 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.18 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..75f90d12bc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.18 @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +Changes in version 3.18 + +This file lists changes since its most recent release (with version 3.17 +of the FAQ). + +New answers: + +Label acroantics:getting Adobe Reader to produce the right size output + +Label inst-scut: introduction to the old inst-miktex and to inst-tds-zip + +Label inst-tds-zip: installing a package using .tds.zip files + +Label onna-stick:making MikTeX run from a memory key + +Label papergeom: how to select the correct paper geometry + +Label prept1font:the generating metrics part of old instt1font + +Label tds-zip: brief outline of TDS ZIP files + +Revised answers: + +Label biblatex: now discusses crossTeX too + +Label bibtranscinit: discuss truly excessive sets of initials + +Label chngmargonfly: mention new changepage package + +Label findfiles: correct one of the search address links + +Label fmtconv: add tex4ht as a route to word format, tidy up + +Label footintab: I _think_ the answer now says what I meant it to say! + +Label labelfig: mention (auto-)pst-pdf + +Label letterspace: microtype now covers the functionality of old letterspace + +Label luatex: detail some recent developments + +Label oddpage: mention new changepage package + +Label papersize: rewritten as intro to new acroantics and papergeom + +Label parallel: mention the pdfcolparallel package + +Label patch: rewrite to downplay patch, add mention of ted and etoolbox + +Label pkfix: mention pkfix-helper + +Label poster: updated with further informative links, etc. + +Label protect: rewritten (again) + +Label psfchoice: add kpfonts, link to the font catalogue at various points + mention font catalogue (as a whole) and maths font survey +Web interface: + A mechanism is now in place, whereby old question labels may be used to get + to the nearest current equivalent of the question. It does not cover *all* + old questions: please mail faq-devel@tex.ac.uk if you have a problem with an + old question label that you have stored. + +Bugfixes: + Bits of silliness in the web interface continue to surface. They get mended + as soon as I work out how; the most recent was a tendency not to translate + \textbackslash -- I know how to correct it, but not why it happened... + +Robin Fairbairns +2008-06-20 diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1e429919a29 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +Changes in version 3.19 + +This file lists changes since its most recent release (with version 3.18 +of the FAQ). + +New answers: + +Label grffilenames: "modern" file names in graphics + +Label keyval: using key-value input in macros and package + +Label linmacnames: why non-letters in macro names are a bad idea + +Label osf: using fonts with "old-style" numbers + +Label pdf-fig-chars: disappearing glyphs in pdfTeX figures (from Thanh) + +Label texorpdf: error "not allowed in PDFDocEncoded string" + +Label texthings: what all these <thing>TeX names are + +Label usesymb: using symbols + +Label whatmacros:brief outline of macros for "bits and pieces" section + +Label wideflt: centre a float wider than text area + +Relabelled answers: + +Label xfigetc: discusses xfig and asymptote (so far) (was label xfig) + +Revised answers: + +Label askquestion: what to do if your minimal example needs a figure + +Label acroantics:content of old label outszwrng merged in + +Label biblatex: updated, now also mentions biber + +Label books: mention Lulu version of TeX by Topic + +Label chngmargonfly: mention addlines package + +Label compactbib:mention the compactbib package (surprise!) + +Label drawing: describe pictex, epic and eepic (all previously skated over) + +Label editors: mention texworks + +Label figurehere:mention \MakeSorted from perpage package + +Label fonts-pln: mention varisize + +Label footnpp: mention zref package perpage module + +Label ftncapt: clarification (I hope) + +Label latex2html:mention plastex + +Label latexe: reworked for clarity + +Label latexpronounce: following on from latexe + +Label linenos: numline package now obsolete + +Label luatex: tidied up, now I'm clearer about LuaTeX, myself + +Label logos: clarified, in light of changes to printing layout we now use + +Label man-latex: added pointer to first-latex-doc + +Label marginpkgs:changepage package supplants chngpage + +Label mcite: mention mciteplus and collref packages + +Label nonfree: explain what went wrong and what is happening + +Label ifpdf: mention ifxetex and ifluatex + +Label noroom: tidied up e-TeX related part of answer + +Label ref-doc: mention latexcheat + +Label setURL: mention spaces and hyphens options of url.sty + +Label texsystems:mention MikTeX-for-Linux + +Label wordcount: mention TeXcount + +Label writecls: mention Oberdiek's splendid source2e pdf file + +Label wygexpts: preview-latex now part of auctex + +Deleted answers: + +Label outszwrng +(remember, as of the previous release, links to "old" labels remain +valid, pointing to an answer that is as near relevant as possible) + +Web interface: + The initial list of questions no longer gives a URL containing all + the answers -- Google was returning that for every match, which + didn't help! + All links to CTAN files, directory .zips and directories for + browsing are now http, and there's no longer any mention of .tar.gz + archives of CTAN directories (since they're no longer available) + +Robin Fairbairns +2009-06-10 diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19a b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a9d2e1b0a44 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19a @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +Changes in version 3.19 + +This file lists changes since its most recent release (with version 3.18 +of the FAQ). + +New answers: +[none yet] + +Label grffilenames: "modern" file names in graphics + +Label keyval: using key-value input in macros and package + +Label linmacnames: why non-letters in macro names are a bad idea + +Label osf: using fonts with "old-style" numbers + +Label pdf-fig-chars: disappearing glyphs in pdfTeX figures (from Thanh) + +Label texorpdf: error "not allowed in PDFDocEncoded string" + +Label texthings: what all these <thing>TeX names are + +Label usesymb: using symbols + +Label whatmacros:brief outline of macros for "bits and pieces" section + +Label wideflt: centre a float wider than text area + +Relabelled answers: +[none yet] + +Label xfigetc: discusses xfig and asymptote (so far) (was label xfig) + +Revised answers: + +Label impgraph: changed the question title + +Label man-latex: mention Philip Hirschhorn's "getting up and running..." + +Label mathstext: correct discussion of \textrm in maths + +Deleted answers: +[none yet] + +Label outszwrng +(remember, as of the previous release, links to "old" labels remain +valid, pointing to an answer that is as near relevant as possible) + +Web interface: +[no changes yet] + The initial list of questions no longer gives a URL containing all + the answers -- Google was returning that for every match, which + didn't help! + All links to CTAN files, directory .zips and directories for + browsing are now http, and there's no longer any mention of .tar.gz + archives of CTAN directories (since they're no longer available) + +Robin Fairbairns +2009-06-16 diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19c b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dacd59d9891 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19c @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +Changes in version 3.19c + +This file lists changes since its most recent release (with version 3.19a +of the FAQ -- version 3.19b was a bug-fix patch). + +New answers: + <none> + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label adobetypen: mention xetex and luatex where previously said OTF unusable + +Label amfonts: mention DVI dis-/re-assembly to get rid of am fonts refs + +Label buildbib: mention Google Scholar's bibtex output + +Label cd: update details of the TeX collection + +Label context: attempt closer tally with reality (further input welcome!) + +Label doc-dirs: Herbert Voss's "tips and tricks" has gone + +Label errmissitem: remove spurious command in example code + +Label findfiles: update address given for dante search page + +Label figurehere: mention the re-implemented here package + +Label footintab: mention threeparttablex package + +Label keyval: replace keys3 mention with l3keys[2e] + +Label latex3: tidy, update broken references + +Label luatex: better English(!), mention release of 0.50.0 + +Label mathml: correct link to mathtex + +Label nonfree: the non-free tree has disappeared... + +Label patch: sort out examples + +Label privinst: change recommended use of kpsewhich + default home texmf is different for MacTeX + +Label psfchoice: mention txfontsb + +Label what-tds: change recommended use of kpsewhich (as privinst) + + (throughout): use mirrors.ctan.org rather than www.tex.ac.uk + where appropriate + +Deleted answers: + <none> + +Web interface: + One bug fix (code examples containing \let tended to be lost) + +Robin Fairbairns +2010-01-19 diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19d b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f447a03924f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.19d @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Changes in version 3.19d + +This file lists changes since its most recent release (with version 3.19c +of the FAQ). + +New answers: + +Label plaintex: explains "writing in tex", was part of Label whattex + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label codelist: mention the minted package + +Label docs: single reference to epslatex (via catalogue) + +Label etex: add ctan link + +Label filesused: rewrite to clarify the issue with \input + +Label luatex: now version 0.60.0 + +Label fonts-pln: replace some complete gibberish (undoing mis-edits, I guess) + +Label parallel: mention the pdfcolparcolumns package + +Label seccntfmt: remove superfluous \expandafter in programming, tidy text + +Label tabcellalign: editorial on \PBS macro discussion + +Label texfuture: rehashed, in light of today's situation + +Label whattex: simplified by removal of material for Label plaintex + +Deleted answers: + <none> + +Web interface: + Extension of links to catalogue, to packages "distributed as part of..." + Abbreviate header text (omitting long list of "helpers" -- which will + ultimately be available in a separate file online) + Convert all alphabetic SGML entities to use numeric equivalents + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.20 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.20 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..346afcbdb1d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.20 @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Changes since version 3.19d + +New answers: + +Label initex: why is there no initex? + +Label sysunix: TeX for Unix and GNU/Linux systems, revised from TeXsystems + added the tex-gpc distribution + +Label syswin: TeX for Windows 32, etc., systems, revised from TeXsystems + +Label sysmac: TeX for Macintosh systems, revised from TeXsystems + +Label sysother: TeX for other systems, revised from TeXsystems + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label baselinepar: rewritten, taking info account a recent issue from ctt + +Label biblatex: can now give a CTAN link for Biber + +Label cd: reworded to reflect current realities + +label extsizes: mention some classes that have non-standard font sizes + +label filename: bugfix for (simple) macros saving "current file name" + +Label letterclass: mention knuth's letter stuff and isodoc class + +Label manymathalph:correction to us of controls on alphabets in bm + +Label mathml: recognise STIX fonts as potential contribution + +Label mcite: revtex 4.1 has its own mechanism + +Label metrics: rewrite text about LY1 encoding + +Label multidoc: mention docmute, standalone and subdocs + +Label nopagebrk: correct assertion about lists vs. samepage environment + +Label poster: mention beamerposter + +Label psfchoice: add URW Classico to the list + +Label reallyblank: mention emptypage package + +Label slidecls: mention lecturer and present packages (neither is a class) + +Label TeXsystems: now a list of links to the new sys* labels + +Label widows: rewritten with clarification from Peter Moulder + +Deleted answers: + <none> + +Web interface: + Links to packages, etc., now use http://mirror.ctan.org + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.21 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.21 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1d7abd0014c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.21 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Changes since version 3.20 + +New answers: + +Label spawnprog: the \write18 mechanism for spawning programs + +Label whatengine: am I running pdfTeX, XeTeX or luaTeX? + +Label write: the \write primitive for writing text files + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label biblatex: mention bibtex8, even though biblatex+biber are winning + +Label codelist: extend coverage of minted package (and Pygments) + +Label commercial: remove Y&Y (not commercial any longer) + +Label dpfloat: mention floatpage package + +Label drawing: mention "embedded source" packages for asy, gplot, mp + +Label editors: rationalise, removing "wildcard" + +Label filename: add currfile, remove "DIY" code (which never worked right) + +Label floats: update discussion of morefloats package, mention etex.sty + +Label fmtconv: mention openoffice route for MS-word + +Label gethelp: link "latex community" and "latex stack exchange" + +Label graphicspath: rephrase discussion of \graphicspath + +Label instt1font: attempt to clarify updmap vs. updmap-sys + +Label labelfig: mention (new) lpic package + +Label latex2html: link to info on tug.org (note tex4ht now sourced there) + +Label mathml: link to info on tug.org + +Label music: rewritten following rearrangements on ctan + +Label nopagebrk: discuss \pagebreak, \nopagebreak (!) + +Label papergeom: discuss dvipdfm and its extensions + +Label psfchoice: report one (at least) known problem with [pt]xfonts + +Label pspreview: simplify, given that it's far less of a problem now + +Label ref-doc remove link to NASA latex ref, add link to gna.org one + +Label textflow: mention cutwin package + +Label tmupfl: mention morefloats package, with caveats + +Label verbwithin: mention cprotect package + +Label WYGexpts: drop "activetex" -- seems no longer available + +Label zerochap: rewrite for clarification + +Deleted answers: + +Label ifpdf: subsumed in new "whatengine" answer (link rerouted there) + +Label lollipop: no longer relevant (a pity) + +Web interface, etc.: + Some LaTeX command translations were broken, and have been mended + Work has started on a major reorganisation of the "fonts" section + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.22 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.22 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b874fc08143 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.22 @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +Changes since version 3.21 + +New answers: + +Label inlgrphapp: inline code to standalone graphics (new: gmp, mpgraphics) + +Label inst-texlive: install a package from TeX live + +Label startup: getting started with (La)TeX + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label archives: redo and update for 2 CTAN archives, cover mirror.ctan.org + +Label codelist: updated and reformatted + +Label drawing: removed inline code stuff to +inlgrphapp + mention XeTeX driver for pstricks + +Label dtx: mention sty2dtx + +Label findfiles: a more uniform description of what happens + +Label fontsize: deal with omissions from fix-cm + +Label hash: describe command-defs-within-commands in LaTeX syntax, too + +Label logos: mention hologos, metalogo + +Label ltxcmds: show use of (la)texdef package + +Label luatex: correct pdfTeX version number, add links to distributions + +Label man-latex: add CTAN reference for "Getting something out of LaTeX" + +Label mathml: expand font details to all known current free maths fonts + +Label mpprologues: mpsproof.tex has now moved on the archive + +Label oddpage: clarify use of \ifoddpage for LaTeX users + +Label pdftexgraphics: describe use of auto-pst-pdf + +Label psfchoice: discuss MathTime Pro 2 Lite fonts + +Label scriptfonts: mention rsfso, mnsymbol, mathabx and urwchancal + +Label struttab: describe use of makecell + +Label textrace: offer mf2pt1 (about time, too!) + +Label uploads: general update, including mirroring technologies + +Label xetex: add link to documentation + +Label xfigetc: replace link for jfig + +Deleted answers: + <none> + +Web interface, etc.: + Work on a slightly more sane layout is under way, but not yet in a + shape to be released + Since the start of March 2011, "last edited" tags have been added to/updated + in answers that have changed + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.23 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.23 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..47449bc1255 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.23 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +Changes since version 3.22 + +New answers: + +Label book-lists: redirector to the dismembered parts of old "label books" + +Label ctan: summary of the salient points of the archives + +Label catalogue: outline of the CTAN catalogue + +Label latex-books: the LaTeX part of old "label books" + +Label other-books: the miscellanea from old "label books" + +Label subdepth: getting even subscripts in your maths + +Label tex-books: TeX and Plain TeX part of old "label books" + +Label type-books: typesetting part of old "label books" + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label altabcr: error can be caused by insufficient columns in a matrix + +Label clsvpkg: rewritten with a LaTeX 2e perspective (rather than 2.09) + +Label context: add detail following Hans Hagen's outline in Tugboat 100 + +Label destable: more details of caption above table + +Label doc-dirs: correct link to TUG India tutorials page + +Label drawing: link to intro doc on pgf/TikZ, and sparse docs of DraTeX + +Label gethelp: rewritten for (slightly) improved clarity + +Label hyphen: LuaTeX's hyphenation pattern loading is different + +Label keyval: references to expl3, xpackages replaced with l3* versions + keyval: mention getoptk + +Label labelfig: mention pst-layout; mention that pgf/TikZ is also capable + +Label latex2e: mention "frozen" state + +Label latex3: references to expl3, xpackages replaced with l3* versions + +Label latexqual: mention lacheck + +Label luatex: "clarify" statement about future changes to PDFTeX + luatex: updated versions mentioned; MikTeX now offers LuaTeX + +Label MF: mention sidelining of Metafont in the modern world + +Label patch: use letltxmacro where necessary + +Label RCS: mention gitinfo + +Label texthings: clarify description of luatex + +Label tfm: XeTeX and LuaTeX don't need TFM files + +Label underscore: \_ in OT1 encoding is bad news + +Label useMF: a step in removing archaic baggage from this answer + +Deleted answers: + +Label books: dismembered to produce the new *-books above (the + label is now redirected to book-lists) + +Web interface, etc.: + A small change to the HTML generation has (to the author's eye) + improved the appearance of pages on the web. There remain problems + in this area, despite the improvement. + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.24 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.24 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9217a662a4a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.24 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Changes since version 3.23 + +New answers: + +Label labelcount: use the "value" of a label in counter operations + +Label optclash: LaTeX package options clash + +Label printvar: print the contents of a "variable" + +Label unicode: "Unicode for TeX users" + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label bug: reworded in the light of more on-line help available + +Label dvi: tidied, mention of XeTeX and its XDV format + +Label ECfonts: brought up to date (a bit: more remains to be done) + +Label editors: updated comments about TeXworks + +Label include: clarification of page number constraint + +Label LaTeX3: add git repository link, mention state of formats + +Label latex-books: add "LaTeX Beginner's Guide" and Herbert Voss's UIT books + +Label mathml: outline the use of MathJax + +Label missbegdoc: rewritten to take account of the BOM issue + +Label multind: add amsmind and imakeidx packages + +Label music: reflect restructuring of fonts + +Label sysmac: mention root privilege requirement for MacTeX + +Label sysother: discourage any hope of a current VMS version + +Label tds: toned-down and untangled the text, a bit + +Label texthings: mention ProTeXt among distributions + +Label TUG* corrected contact details + +Label tutbitslatex: revise statement about Herbert Voss's mathmode book + incorporate para about TUG India tutorials from doc-dirs + +Label underline: remove obsolete statement about ulem docs + +Label virtualfonts: rewrite, improving clarity (I hope...) + +Label wordcount: add health warnings for detex-like counts + +Deleted answers: + +Label doc-dirs: subsumed in label tutbitslatex + +Web interface, etc.: + <no changes> + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.25 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.25 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..766f3062f34 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.25 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Changes since version 3.24 + +New answers: + +Label includeother:LaTeX refuses to \include from (some) other directories + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label acrobat: Rearranged and extended somewhat (dropped V-TeX details) + +Label bibinline: Outline use of the new usebib package + +Label citesort: Show how to do the job with biblatex + +Label cmdstar: Suggest use of xparse for *-commands + +Label crossref: Clarified wording, and removed incorrect "effect" of error + +Label eqnarray: Added link to Stefan Kottwitz blog entry on the problem + +Label euro: Updated note about using marvosym font + +Label extrabrace: Some clarification (and a new solution) + +Label filesused: Discuss mkjobtexmf + +Label findfont: Rewritten, downplaying Metafont and covering TTF and OTF + +Label footintab: Discuss tablefootnote package + +Label i18nbib: BibLaTeX is another candidate + +Label inlgrphapp: Add picture environment to list, mention picture package + +Label isitanum: Improve \testnum definition + +Label labelfig: Describe pinlabel package + +Label man-latex: Correct link to Chris Harrison's (now) tutorial; + Mention van Dongen's, Wilkins' and Buxbaum's offerings + +Label marginpkgs: Discuss zwpagelayout + +Label mfptutorials:Restore (lost) link to MetaFun manual + +Label noroom: Mention morewrites for lots of (pretend) output streams + +Label papergeom: Outline use of zwpagelayout package + +Label ref-doc: Added reference to macros2e document + +Label slashbox: Recommend diagbox package in preference to slashbox + +Label syswin32: Miktex 2.9 no longer beta ... so catch up! + +Label tutbitslatex:Rearrange stuff on pgf/tikz, after new management of site + +Label tutorials*: Changed question title to "... TeX-based systems" + +Label usesymb: Add fdsymbol, mdsymbol + +Label verbwithin: Suggest "v" argument type of xparse + +Label watermark: Discuss xwatermark and use of pdftk + +Label whatengine: Sort out erroneous wording, correct HTML of example code + +Deleted answers: + <none removed> + +Web interface, etc.: + <no changes> + +Robin Fairbairns diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.26 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.26 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ed71bfd11e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/CHANGES-3.26 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +Changes since version 3.25 + +New answers: + +Label expl3-old: package needs a newer LaTeX 3 harness + +Label latex3-prog: learning LaTeX 3 programming + +Label repeat-num: repeat an operation a given number of times + +Label repeat-set: repeat an operation for each element of a set + +Label whatenv: brief outline of what environments are + +Relabelled answers: + <none> + +Revised answers: + +Label acrobat: [tidying layout] + +Label archives: largely rewritten for "new" archive arrangements + +Label chapbib: show biblatex-based approach + +Label codelist: more on use of minted package + +Label complist: clarified description of "what's going on" + +Label cmdstar: clarified use of LaTeX 3, here + +Label conditional: suggest stampinclude for rapid (partial) compilation + +Label ctan: revised following recent changes to archive access + +Label dolldoll: elaborated "reasons" from a tex.stackexchange answer + +Label dpfloat: describe use of caption package for the job + +Label drawing: reword text about PGF/TikZ + +Label extsizes: describe use of scrextend package for document font sizes + +Label ftncapt: clarify example + +Label hyphenaccents: the "future" (unicode hyphenation tables) is here! + +Label ltxcmds: more detail of the latexdef application + +Label latexqual: add a proviso about l2tabu/nag + +Label make: add recommendation for arara + +Label man-latex: Nicola Talbot's stuff has moved to a new web site + +Label minxampl: discuss support packages + +Label nofm: suggest zref-lastpage + +Label oddpage: suggest the ifoddpage package + +Label patch: describe the regexpatch package + +Label pkgdoc: mention the site texdoc.net, miktex mthelp + +Label pdftexgraphics: mention pdftricks2 + +Label psfchoice: update mathdesign outline, add newtx and garamondx + +Label readML: Context can do the job (rather well, one understands ;-) + +Label readtex: suggest asking for a PDF instead ;-) + +Label spell: update, add recommendation for (exptl) spelling package + +Label struttab: removed internal macros in example of cellspace + +Label symbols: rearrange, and mention unicode maths symbol table + +Label tocloft: mention new (straightforward) etoc package + +Label uploads: rewritten for the (new) archive arrangements + +Label vertspacefloat: moved to a new location in question list + +Label virtualfonts: change question "title" to be a question + +Label xetex: change question "title" to match other projects' titles, + redo answer, based on a tex/sx post + +Deleted answers: + <none removed> + +Web interface, etc.: + The "default archive" (used in links from answers) is now mirror.ctan.org + (i.e., it's not an archive, but a selector of a mirror of the archive) + +Robin Fairbairns +Hapless FAQer of Cambridge diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/ChangeLog b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/ChangeLog new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f3de019d90d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/ChangeLog @@ -0,0 +1,17207 @@ +2013-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: update \faqfiledate + +2013-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-support.tex (q-spell): editorial + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-readml): question links for context, luatex + +2013-02-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-pdftexgraphics): \lastedit + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-nofm): \lastedit + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-latexqual): \lastedit + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-dpfloat, q-ftncapt): \lastedit + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-dolldoll): editorial + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-ctan): editorial + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): editorial + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatenv): editorial + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-expl3-old): editorial + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-num): editorial + +2013-02-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): updates from -beta (not many) + +2013-02-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): \lastedit outside ctanrefs(!) + (q-noline): question title in quotes + +2013-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add arara + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-make): add arara + +2013-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: align with texfaq2html (regular) + +2013-02-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-omegaleph): editorial + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-expl3-old): editorial (too many parens) + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-dpfloat): describe \ContinuedFloat + + * faq-projects.tex (q-xetex): change question title to match others in + the section + +2013-01-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-getit.tex (q-uploads): reflect changed situation + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-ctan): reflect changed situation + +2013-01-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ucharclasses, xecjk + + * add-general.tex (q-xetex*): new, from an answer in stackexchange + +2013-01-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: add \ctan for all those \acro calls + + * gather-faqbody.tex: file date today. may be near, now... + +2013-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-pkgdoc): mthelp on miktex rather than texdoc + +2013-01-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add mwe, blindtext and lipsum + + * faq-docs.tex (q-minxampl): more detail about support packages, etc; + editorial + +2013-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-chapbib): show biblatex-based approach + +2012-12-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove biolinum-type1 (never actually used in a + published version...) + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-patch): mention regexpatch + + * dirctan.tex: add regexpatch + +2012-12-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-getit.tex (q-archives): first stab at "new world" + (q-uploads): only one upload method, nowadays + +2012-12-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add spelling + + * faq-support.tex (q-spell): update text, and add spelling package + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \^o + +2012-12-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-spawnprog): editorial + (q-hyphen): editorial, ref q-hyphenaccents + +2012-11-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): omit frivolous comment about uea users + being taught by nicola + (q-latex3-prog): moved here from faq-mac-prog + +2012-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-conditional): suggest stampinclude + + * dirctan.tex: add commado + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-set): add commado and filesdo + + * filectan.tex: add interface3-doc, expl3-doc + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-latex3-prog): new, from stack exchange + +2012-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): elaborate on use of minted + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-readml): give context mkiv pride of place + (coming from nowhere in the previous release ;-) + +2012-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-center-flt): typo + +2012-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-pdftexgraphics): add pdftricks2 + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-tocloft): mention etoc + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): add garamondx extn to newtx + + * dirctan.tex: add garamondx, pdftricks2; correct pdftricks; remove all + "libertine*" except libertine itself; add cat link for newtx + +2012-11-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-samepage): editorial twiddle + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-extsizes): caveat text for scrextend, about + design (perhaps restructure so as to have just one caveat for both + packages) + +2012-11-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-litprog.tex (q-lit): sort empty link target + + * faq-support.tex (q-texcad): sort empty link target + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-vertspacefloat): removed + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-vertspacefloat): come from faq-how-do-i + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatenv): point out args don't propagate to + end env code + + * add-general.tex (q-center-flt): new, following q on c.t.t (or summat) + +2012-11-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add shorttoc + + * add-general.tex (q-shorttoc): new answer (copied from tex/sx) + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.26, today (premature...) + +2012-11-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-expl3-old): new, from add-general + + * faq-docs.tex (q-pkgdoc): mention texdoc.net + +2012-11-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-extsizes): show use of scrextend for random sizes + +2012-10-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): editorial don't refer to expl3 directly + + * add-general.tex (q-expl3-old): new, about the common error message + +2012-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add memoir-man + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-complist): editorial, for clarification, incl + pointer to memoir manual section + +2012-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-usebibtex): editorial (testing macros) + +2012-10-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * archive.cfg: use mirror.ctan.org for arch ptrs + + * add-general.tex (q-otf-maths): editorial + +2012-10-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-otf-maths): started yesterday -- what it says + +2012-10-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): change question answered, update listed + coverage of mathdesign + (q-pspreview): editorial + (q-charshift): note now vanishingly unlikely + +2012-10-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-bib-trblshoot): new answer, from sx/63852 + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-dolldoll): tidy, on the basis of sx/503 + +2012-10-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-texsystems): no empty arg to \qref + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): clarify statements about pgf + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): pick up changes in -beta + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): only one \pictex, with "i" flag + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-virtualfonts): correct href to knuth on vfs + + * texfaq2html-gamma: use label-to-file.pl + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-dvi,q-pk,q-tfm,q-virtualfonts): editorial + +2012-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-simple-maths): remove refs to libgreek, libertine, + biolinum (since libgreek is based on libertine-legacy) + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): libertine-legacy->libertine-type1 + + * dirctan.tex: add libertine, libertine-t1, biolinum-t1, remove + libertine-legacy + +2012-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove libertine-legacy, add libertine, {}-type1, + biolinum-type1 + +2012-10-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-nofm): zref-lastpage does a LastPage label, too + +2012-10-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-gensym): opening out old proto-answer + +2012-10-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * patchdates.tex: is this really necessary + + * add-general.tex (q-detknize): probably dead -- mark as such + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatenv): new, from add-general + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-ctan): tweak description of mirror.ctan + (q-whyfree): add closing paren in first sentence! + (q-readtex): add a let-out clause at the end ;-) + +2012-10-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-ltxcmds): diddle with margins for narrowversion + + * add-general.tex (q-whatenv): basic body of answer complete + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex,faq-docs.tex,faq-graphics.texfaq-how-do-i.tex + (throughout): use \pictex{} + + * faq.sty: \pictex so as to avoid typos ;-) + + * filectan.tex: remove l2tabuen, l2tabuen.src + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): unify reference to l2tabu + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-ltxcmds): more examples of the performance of + latexdef, for environments + (q-latexqual): tone down the dogmatism about l2tabu/nag + +2012-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-prog-tex): a start on this, too + (q-prog-tex): another paragraph + +2012-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatenv): a start... + +2012-10-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-poster): update nlct link, add comments giving + status of links [CHANGES] + +2012-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove \quotify again (problems + with nested quotes) + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-badhyph): write out effect of \quotify; editorial + + * faq.sty: remove \quotify again (see sanitize reversion) + +2012-09-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): process \quotify + + * texfaq2html-beta: open $archive_list from $home (why did it work?) + + * faq.sty: define \quotify (according to hyperversion) + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-badhyph): modernise markup with \cmdinvoke, + \quotify, etc + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-hyphenaccents): the future (unicode + hyphenation) is here, so cover it (however briefly) + + * faq.sty: suppress font list from pdftex (per heiko's tip on texhax) + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-optionclash): correct quote env matching + +2012-09-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-optclash): clarification, in light of several + tex/sx comments on a question there [needs checking!] + +2012-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: default_archive now mirror.ctan + + * archive.list: add mirror.ctan.org, remove tug + +2012-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-multind): editorial + +2012-09-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-symbols): reorganise, add unimath-symbols + + * add-general.tex (q-nolnerr): new, "no line to end" + +2012-09-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-newlineargs): editorial + +2012-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-view-rot): outline for new answer + +2012-08-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex: correct doc link for txfontsb + +2012-08-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add newtx, references to libertine support, etc. + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): editorial, add text about newtx + +2012-07-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-struttab): don't do \cmdinvoke in verbatim! + +2012-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): uprate the wiki latex book + +2012-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-set): correct typo + +2012-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-num): comment-out repeat package (oops!) + +2012-07-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repeat-num): restore para left behind in + q-repeat-set when the two were split + + * add-general.tex (q-multiling): lots of editorial, trying not to + change sense, except my confusion in thinking polyglossia works with + luatex + +2012-07-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-patch): typo + +2012-06-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add dowith + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repetition): add dowith package (probably more i + need to write about, but this will do for the time being) + +2012-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-repetition): new, from add-general + +2012-06-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): big thrash toward a releasable thing + + * dirctan.tex: add etextools, etoolbox, datatool, forarray + + * filectan.tex: add repeat + +2012-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: standardise on libertineOTF as directory name + + * add-general.tex: yet more diddling of list of repeater packages + +2012-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ifoddpage + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-oddpage): add ifoddpage + +2012-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-unicode): unicode bundle now ucs; reword text + around utf8 inputenc option selection + + * dirctan.tex: libertine now *-legacy and *otf + + * add-general.tex (q-simple-maths): split libertine links to otf, legacy + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-music): m-tx in ctanrefs + + * dirctan.tex: rename unicode entry->ucs, mtx->m-tx + +2012-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-ftncapt): clarify example, per note from david c + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-virtualfonts): change title to question + +2012-03-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v 3.25, today + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-eqnarray): link to kottwitz's tex blog entry + +2012-03-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-hyp+pdf.tex (q-acrobat): tidying, dragging into 21st century... + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-syswin32): miktex 2.9 no longer beta, and so luatex + available on miktex too + +2012-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): accept \mf, \mp as well as uc vrsn + + * faq.sty: new \mf, \mp, existing uc vrsn each only use initial capital + + * faq-getit.tex (q-findfont): rewritten in rather different style, + noting the decline of mf and the appearance of alternate engines + +2012-03-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-sysunix): editorial -- clarify that tlmgr works + however you install tl + +2012-03-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add usebib + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-i18nbib): biblatex does this too + (q-bibinline): suggest usebib + +2012-03-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-inlgrphapp): add picture environment to list, and + mention picture package with it + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-printvar): \verb in verbatim sections is silly, + and in typeset sections doesn't get translated by process.pl ... + +2012-03-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-parmoderr): not in outer par mode + +2012-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (q-msxy): mention berthold horn's partial msym + +2012-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-inputenc,q-fontenc): proof-reading corrections + (probably meaning that other questions aren't any longer useful; these + questions marked...) + +2012-03-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-ltx-csv): \LastEdit tag + (q-archives-rev): editorial + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-unicode): editorial clarification + +2012-02-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add datatool + + * add-general.tex (q-ltx-csv): new answer on csv lists + +2012-02-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-labelfig): editorial work + +2012-02-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add macros2e + + * faq-docs.tex (q-ref-doc): add macros2e + +2012-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add mdframed + remove metafont(actually mac-),mctex,mewltx + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-subsubsub): editorial + (q-breakbox): add mdframed as another solution + +2012-02-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): xparse arguments for verbatim use + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): get \{, \}, and \[oc]bracesymbol + working with numeric entities + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-includeother): it's \File not \FileName!!! + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-whatengine): correct wording, and coding of + \ifthenelse example to make it do correct html + +2012-02-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): verbatim arg in \NewDocumentCommand etc + +2012-02-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-includeother): more editorial expansion + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-citesort): mention biblatex number-comp style + +2012-02-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-extrabrace): more rationalisation + +2012-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-extrabrace): slip in a \Qref + +2012-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (q-inst-tds-zip): in "that are that's" remove "that's" + +2012-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-includeother): came from add-general + + * CHANGES-3.25: tags for cmdstar and crossref + + * faq-projects.tex (q-latex3): explain the concept of "harness", tidy + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-cmdstar): outline use of xparse to define *-macros + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-crossref): dang! -- it could never have had a + "previous figure number" + other editing + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-footintab): move tablefootnotes "further up" + +2012-02-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (q-install-find): tidying and clarification + (q-instmffont): more clarification + +2012-02-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty, sanitize-beta.pl: add \LeadFrom + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-runheadtoobig): include an actual example of + using titlesec pkg + +2012-01-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add morewrites + + * faq-jot-err.tex: move q-optionclash and q-optclash together, for + easier editing + (q-noroom): tidies, mention morewrites package + +2012-01-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-tutbitslatex): stefan kottwitz runs texample.net, + editorial + + * faq-wdidt.tex: odd bits of editorial + +2012-01-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-bibtexing): correct parentheses + + * dirctan.tex: add fdsymbol, mdsymbol + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-usesymb): add fdsymbol and mdsymbol with mnsymbol + +2012-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: comment on matthias' latest contribution + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-isitanum): correct def of \testnum, per matthias + +2012-01-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-noroom): circumspection around the numbers of + floats that may be reserved + +2012-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-poster): correct (old) typo + +2012-01-03 Robin Fairbairns + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): add van dongen's, wilkins' and buxbaum's + oeuvres + + * dirctan.tex: add latex-course + +2011-12-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-pkgdoc): editorial (awful english) + +2011-12-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-fontenc): editorial + +2011-12-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-numbersets): editorial reducing verbosity + +2011-12-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: credit william adams + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): new link for chris harrison's tutorial + +2011-12-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add pinlabel + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-labelfig): mention pinlabel + + * dirctan.tex: add zwpagelayout + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-papergeom): zwpagelayout usage outline + (q-marginpkgs): mention that zwpagelayout is also available + +2011-12-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-hyp+pdf.tex (q-acrobat): trying to drag into c.21 + + * add-general.tex (q-pdf-encr): re-arrange to make clear that pdftk is + worth considering + +2011-11-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add xwatermark + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-watermark): add xwatermark, discuss pdftk + +2011-11-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add mkjobtexmf + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-filesused): discuss mkjobtexmf + +2011-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add tablefootnote + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-footintab): mention tablefootnote + +2011-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-position): editorial stuff (seems ok, so far) + +2011-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add diagbox + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-slashbox): convert to use diagbox, with slashbox + as an also-ran + +2011-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-position): first more or less complete version + + * faq-docs.tex (q-mfptutorials): restore link to metafun manual + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-euro): update (incl. usage of marvosym) + +2011-11-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): memo about csv commands + +2011-11-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-tutorials*): change question title to avoid clash + with q-tutbitslatex + (q-tutbitslatex): remove pTeX tutorial link (seems to have gone) + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-slidecls): add ctanref for pdfscreen + + * dirctan.tex: add pdfscreen + +2011-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-detknize): correct link for q-filename + +2011-11-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-t1enc): tidy-up: \'e + (throughout): remove | except in a \verb command in verbatim env + +2011-11-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-context): add link to context standalone site + + * faq-projects.tex (q-luatex): diddle with version numbers, add web doc + link + + *** release 3.24 *** + +2011-11-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add \FontFormat (from -beta) + + * gather-faqbody.tex: today (had hoped to release yesterday) + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-music): more tweaking + +2011-10-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-music): changes for musixtex-fonts, lots of + tweaking following advice from bob tennent + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.24, today + +2011-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-support.tex (q-wordcount): add provisos about detex-like routes + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-missbegdoc): restore a bit that got dropped + +2011-10-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-the-end.tex (q-bug): reword advice on on-line help + (q-latexbug): moved _after_ q-bug + +2011-10-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-missbegdoc): rewritten to include the bom issue + (taking the text of q-missing-begin) + +2011-10-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-missing-begin): new answer + +2011-10-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-unicode): new, from add-general (slight edits) + +2011-10-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-tds): tone down some of the wilder claims + + * faq.sty: add \FontFormat + + * sanitize-beta.pl: add \FontFormat + + * dirctan.tex: add cm-unicode + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-ecfonts): lots of edits (from work in kent) + +2011-10-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-tex-books): clarifying edit ... of a comment ;-) + +2011-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): mathtex rather than mimetex in sample! + +2011-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): add stuff about MathJax + +2011-10-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct dvistd, marvosym-fonts + + * filectan.tex: remove varwidth, version + + * dirctan.tex: add varwidth, version + +2011-10-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-specials,q-write): minor editorial + +2011-10-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (q-underline): remove statement about ulem docs + (saying there's no "real" docs, now false) + +2011-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatmacros): another challenging bit of + clarification (hem hem) + +2011-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-virtualfonts): rearrange and clarify + + * faq-intro.tex: added david epstein to the grand list + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-algorithms): minor tidy, add comment about + algorithmicx (as requested by David Epstein) + +2011-10-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-driver,q-pk): tidied + (q-tfm): minor editorial + + * dirctan.tex: add dvistd + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-dvi): tidy, mention xetex, ref dvistd + +2011-10-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: editorial + +2011-10-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-optclash): new, from add-general + + * add-general.tex (q-inputenc): further iterations towards an answer + +2011-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-sysmac): mention root requirement for installing + mactex + (q-sysother): hedge statements about vms tex + +2011-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add enctex + + * faq-intro.tex: talk about the way the set of answers changes + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-include): clarify page number constraints + +2011-10-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-latex3): rehash stuff about acquiring the + sources, add comments about using l3 as a format + +2011-09-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-fontfmt): typo + +2011-09-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-fontfmt): draft replacement for q-adobetypen + +2011-09-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-tutorials*): remove link to q-docdirs + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): remove link to q-docdirs + +2011-09-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add tex-overview, remove texline, unstar mimetex + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): add protext to discussion of distrs, + link to ctan copy of tex-overview + +2011-09-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-editors): revise text on texworks + +2011-09-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-tug*): contact via web, only; all back tugboat + +2011-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-tutbitslatex): removed "specialised" from title, add + old q-doc-dirs on tug india stuff, adjust statement about voss' + mathmode document book form + (q-doc-dirs): gone + +2011-09-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-multind): describe amsmidx, imakeidx + + * dirctan.tex: add amscls, imakeidx; correct texmacs + +2011-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-latex-books): add herbert voss's books under latex + +2011-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-printvar, q-labelcount): add \LastEdit* (oops) + + * faq-docs.tex (q-latex-books): add latex beginner's guide + +2011-09-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-ref-doc): patch minor translation effect (\<eol>) + (q-doc-wiki): editorial, mostly + (q-doc-dirs): a lot more than two in tug india's thing, now + +2011-09-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: list Gernot Hassenpflug + + * faq-mac-prog.tex: add q-printvar and q-labelcount from add-general + + * patchdates.tex: updated. this is silly. + +2011-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (list of helpers): cite another thing from dan l + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): correct \input texinfo (!) + +2011-09-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-keyval): tweak words about getoptk + (too late for release...) + + *** Release 3.23 *** + + * texfaq2html, texfaq2html-beta: change "last modified" to "released" + in question footers + + * gather-faqbody.tex: change version, date + + * texfaq2html: minor change from -beta + +2011-09-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-usemf): further attempts to drag it into c.21 + (q-keepfonts): modernise and tidy to today's standards + (q-getbitmap): modernisation, again + +2011-09-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-mp): reword the initial discussion (which had + multiple concepts in the same clause, at one point) + +2011-08-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-latex3): add l3experimental + + * dirctan.tex: add gitinfo, l3experimental + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-rcs): mention gitinfo + +2011-08-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-font-fmts): to replace q-adobetypen -- starts + with its content (ha ha) + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-adobetypen): editorial + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-destable): editorial + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-latex2e): describe frozen state; editorial stuff + +2011-08-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-scriptfonts): correct typo + + * faq.sty: add \latexo (all lc) + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-underscore): editorial+ref q-activechars + +2011-08-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-underscore): drop stuff about \us, add spiel about + using T1 and \textunderscore + (q-atsign): @ was a special character rather than command + +2011-07-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: remove screensty, add cat link for vf-howto + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-toascii): editorial on catdvi, remove screen.sty + +2011-07-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-pkgdoc): memoir doc not typo tutorial any more, + mention pgf as an example of separately-written stuff + (q-writecls): bit of editorial + +2011-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-optclash): new answer about package options + +2011-07-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-etex): correct ref to luatex in disc of context + (q-eplain): minute editorial + +2011-07-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-clsvpkg): rewrite + +2011-07-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-whatmacros): minor editorial + + * faq-projects.tex (q-luatex): update versions, miktex now has luatex + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-tfm): mention xetex and luatex don't need 'em + +2011-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-keyval): add getoptk + +2011-07-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-destable): clarify caption package details for + captions above tables + +2011-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-altabcr): mention limit to sizes of matrices + +2011-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-whyfree): twiddle discussion of gpl + (q-texfuture): reword statement of luatex's release goal + + * faq-docs.tex (q-latex-books): math into latex -> more <ditto> + +2011-07-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-write): editorial + (q-spawnprog): correct typo (epstopf), add cat link for epstopdf at end + + * filectan.tex: add cat link to vf-howto + +2011-07-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-mf): caveat about the "modern" sidelining of mf + +2011-07-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-ctan): minor editorial + (q-dvi): tidy contorted xref + (q-ok): preparatory work (may not come to anything) + + * faq-docs.tex (q-symbols): only pdf of symbol list, now + + * filectan.tex: add cat link for metafp + +2011-06-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-doc-dirs): correct tug india link + +2011-06-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-patch): recommend letltxcmd for macros with + opt arguments + +2011-06-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-long-outer): mention getting round \outer w/csname + (q-outer-err): new answer pointing to q-long-outer + +2011-06-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-includeother): new jot-err answer + +2011-06-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-context): explain difference between mkii and + mkiv (from hans' article in tb100) + +2011-06-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-latex3): replace expl3, xpackages with l3kernel, + l3packages + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-keyval): replace expl3, xpackages with l3kernel, + l3packages + + * dirctan.tex: remove expl3, xpackages; add l3kernel, l3packages + +2011-06-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-hyphen): mention luatex's more relaxed table + loading + +2011-06-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): typos, plus hack on text about dratex + +2011-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-fontsize): mention cmdunh, cmfib missing from + fix-cm + +2011-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add pst-layout + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): link to cremeronline intro tutorial + (q-labelfig): mention pst-layout, and make reference to similar + power of pgf, capable of anything pstricks can do for this problem + + * dirctan.tex: add multido (again...note, different machine) + +2011-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): add multido + + * dirctan.tex: add multido + +2011-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex,faq-fonts.tex.tex,faq-graphics.tex,faq-jot-err.tex, + faq-jot-err.tex,faq-wdidt.tex,faq-backgrnd.tex,faq-adj-types.tex, + faq-bits+pieces.tex,faq-docs (throughout): replace q-books refs as + appropriate + + * faq-docs.tex (q-book-lists,q-tex-books,q-latex-books,q-other-books): + formed by dismembering the old q-books + +2011-05-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-subdepth): new, slightly edited from add-general + + * faq-images.tex: new, for snippets to be served as images + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add exptl \includegraphics + +2011-05-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-luatex): minor editorial to match q-texthings + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): tidy and tweak xetex, rewrite luatex + a bit + +2011-05-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-gethelp): identify stack exchange before referring to + it; don't link to latex project team when saying that the user + shouldn't contact them + +2011-05-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add unicode + + * add-general.tex (q-inputenc,q-fontenc): new, from q-whatenc + (q-unicode) skeleton only, so far + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-hyphen): editorial + (q-whatenc): minor editorial, preparing for split + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link for lacheck + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-latexqual): mention lacheck + +2011-05-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-sansmath): add hfbright to list of things + + * dirctan.tex: add cmbright + +2011-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-sansmath): currently just a placeholder + +2011-05-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-subheight): typo + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-ctan,q-catalogue): new, from add-general + + * faq-docs.tex (q-gethelp): complete replacement from add-general + q-gethelp* + +2011-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-luatex): clarification on "no changes to pdftex" + statement + +2011-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-gethelp*): (new) rewriting q-gethelp for the "new + philosophy" + (q-catalogue): further knocking into shape + +2011-05-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl: html list-alike environments issue <p/> their end, + to cause paragraph style to be invoked + + * faq.sty: require pdf14.sty since thumbpdf has problems otherwise + +2011-05-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-latextoplain): undo mess in ctanrefs on web + + *** Release 3.22 *** + + * faq-support.tex (q-xfigetc): add \LastEdit + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-struttab): add \LastEdit + + * faq-getit.tex (q-archives): add \LastEdit + +2011-05-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-support.tex (q-xfigetc): new link for jfig + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-struttab): describe use of makecell package + +2011-04-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): minor editorial + (q-labelcount): title "counter values" rather than "counters" + +2011-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.22, today + + * texfaq2html (throughout): tidy p tags + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): line up one comment with -beta + + * dirctan.tex: cat links for ofs, pdcmac + remove pfm2afm, penelope, pbm2tex, pbmtopk + +2011-04-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-getnff): typo + + * faq-getit.tex (q-archives): correct addresses(!) + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): modest tidies, detail of \multiput in + real text (works!) + + * dirctan.tex: add cat links to a few euro* entries (not euro-fonts...) + remove lollipop + +2011-04-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-archives-rev): redo in context of q-ctan + +2011-04-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: cat link for nonumonpart, remove nrc (not used) + +2011-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): lots of tinkering + + * dirctan.tex: add forloop + +2011-04-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-repetition): new, commands for repeating things + (only a skeleton, so far) + +2011-04-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-ctan): ref. twg on archives + (q-archives-rev): interim version of q-archives to go with q-ctan + +2011-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-printvar): examples of \printlength + +2011-04-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-eplain): qualify statement about "docs online" + + * faq-install.tex (q-privinst): deconfuse emacs source colouring in one + or two places + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-etex): stop suggesting that etex is context's + prime target + +2011-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-textrace): mention mf2pt1 (about time too) + +2011-04-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-context): tidy-up + +2011-04-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): mention pstricks xetex driver + +2011-04-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-xml2tex,q-subheight,q-multiling): editorial + +2011-04-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-parskip): mention that (some?) koma-script + classes have the facility (in spades, by the look of it) + +2011-03-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add metalogo + +2011-03-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-scriptfonts): editorial + + * add-general.tex (q-outputrtn, q-whatfloats): editorial + +2011-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@battam> + + * add-general.tex (q-simple-maths): add libgreek to ctanrefs, plus a + bit of editorial + + * faq-install.tex: editorial + +2011-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-logos): add text for hologo and metalogo + +2011-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct alphabetical order in one place + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-pdftexgraphics): add auto-pst-pdf + + * sanitize.pl, sanitize-beta.pl: alter pattern for |...| to "=" delims + +2011-03-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex: add q-simple-maths + + * dirctan.tex: add mtp2lite, mathastext, cat link for mtx, and + libertine, libgreek + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): mention mathtime pro 2 lite + +2011-03-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-referencl): new, about referring to enclosing thing + +2011-03-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl, sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): align use of + as subs + delimiter between the two files + + * dirctan.tex: add texdef + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-ltxcmds): mention texdef (neat!) + +2011-03-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: remove mpsproof + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-inlgrphapp): new, from add-general + (q-mpprologues): mpsproof now part of \mp{} itself + +2011-03-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): remove egplot from link list + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link to gmp + + * add-general.tex (q-inlgrphapp): slight tidy, add egplot to link list + +2011-03-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add gmp + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): remove inline graphics app stuff to new + answer q-inlgrphapp + + * add-general.tex: new q-inlgrphapp + +2011-03-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-attach): new answer, from stackexchange + + * dirctan.tex: add attachfile, navigator + + * faq.sty: add \xelatex + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \xelatex + +2011-03-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): editorial + +2011-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): grinding on through (summary remains) + +2011-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): grinding through the lists + + * texfaq2html-beta: initialise $item_extra + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): experimental $item_extra for style + + * texfaq2html-beta: add descr style to inline css + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): a whiff of '"'-sanitisation + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-mf): editorial, modernisation + +2011-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-mp): tidying, tweaking, etc. + (q-texthings): regularise various things + +2011-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-crossref): rewrite and lay out less tortuously + (throughout) tidy quote envs + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (throughout): tidied quote (in one instance only!) + + * faq-projects.tex (q-latex3): sort out unterminated sentence after + alert from bruno le floch + + * faq-mac-prog.tex: (throughout): tidied quotes, eliminated short verbs + + * faq-symbols.tex (throughout): tidied quotes + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-proof): add QED + (throughout): verbatim<->quotes checks + + * faq-lab-ref.tex: verbatim<->quotes, again + + * faq-adj-types.tex (throughout): verbatim/quote check + + * texfaq2html-beta: tweak margins of <ul> (== itemize lists) + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): check, update, reformat + +2011-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-hyp+pdf.tex, faq-fonts.tex, faq-install.tex: juggling with + verbatim and quotes + + * faq-support.tex: change one verbatim to quoted + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-scriptfonts): add mathabx and urwchancal + + * dirctan.tex: add mpgraphics, mathabx[-type1], urwchancal + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): mention mpgraphics for inline + +2011-03-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-papergeom): slight tidying + + * texfaq2html-beta: add trivial para-margin css + +2011-03-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (throughout): fiddling with html structure + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-startup): new, from add-general + + * faq-intro.tex: minor tweaks + +2011-03-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add asana-math, stix, unicode-math and xits + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): redo unicode maths fonts bit + +2011-03-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-context): editorial + (q-texthings): correct one of 2 texi2pdf, to texi2dvi + + * add-general.tex (q-startup): new answer + +2011-02-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-hash): rewrite for both latex and plain forms + + * faq-docs.tex (q-man-latex): add ctanref for "getting something..."(!) + +2011-02-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add polyglossia + + * add-general.tex (q-multiling): new, on multilingual work, then&now + + * faq-projects.tex (q-luatex): minor updates, add ctan link, correct + version no of current pdftex + + * dirctan.tex: add xetexref, luatex + + * faq-projects.tex (q-xetex): add ctan link to will r's doc + +2011-02-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-fontsize): mention fix-cm's omissions (and + suggest replacements) + +2011-02-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add sty2dtx + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-dtx): mention sty2dtx, tidy + + * faq-getit.tex (q-archives): reverse http and ftp "recommendations", + remove last trace of reference to usa site + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-fontname): minor editorial + + * faq-install.tex (q-inst-texlive): simple command line instructions, + only, for now + (q-inst-scut): promote tex live to same level as miktex here + +2011-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (q-inst-texlive): stub for filling in... + + * faq-getit.tex (q-archives): remove refs to tug.ctan.org as a ctan + site, update remarks about mirror.ctan.org, etc. + (q-uploads): update list of requirements for upload, mention rsync + protocol, update suggestions for mirroring + (q-findfiles): going over and rationalisation + +2011-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-labelcount): new, use of refcount package + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-oddpage): detail use of changepage, incl use of + ifthen pkg for those who don't understand \if<xxx> + +2011-02-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add rsfso + + * faq-symbols.tex (q-scriptfonts): mention rsfso + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): updated from -beta + + *** Release 3.21 *** + + * gather-faqbody.tex: today's date (must stop dithering) + +2011-02-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-ctan): proposed new answer to replace existing + q-archives, or to provide background for a revision of that + +2011-02-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (q-instt1font): clarify updmap situation (perhaps) + (q-inst1cm): minor editorial + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-pspreview): simplify, given that most browsers can + do the job on their own, nowadays + +2011-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): preliminary adjustments + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \ttype and \otype + + * faq.sty: add \ttype and \otype, add a few comments + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-usepsfont): a spot more tweaking + (subsection{mf fonts}): moved to end of section (was first subsect) + +2011-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex: remove q-lollipop + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-usepsfont): remove reference to lollipop, tidy + + * dirctan.tex: add lpic + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-labelfig): mention lpic + + * add-general.tex (q-whatfloats): editorial + (q-outputrtn): more editorial + +2011-02-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-spawnprog): minor editorial + +2011-02-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-write,q-spawnprog): new, from add-general + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-whatengine): new, from add-general, replaces + q-ifpdf + + * dirctan.tex: remove acorn, epson + + * filectan.tex: remove miktex-usb + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-custbib): mention biblatex as an alternative route + +2011-02-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-litprog.tex (section{Literate programming}): + + * dirctan.tex: add catalogue ref for ps2pk,ghostscript,gsftopk,fweb and + noweb + remove all entries for derivatives of noweb (leaving noweb itself...) + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-whatpdftex): use \The {} in thanh's name + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-why-inp-font): \ss -> \ss {} + + * faq-docs.tex,faq-graphics.tex (various): vo\ss -> vo\ss {} + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-wholerow): space after \textasciicircum (euch) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): correct delimiter in pattern that + (seems to match) any letter-command name with empty arg [why is that + there in the first place?]; also correct \textasciicircum and \ss + patterns to require a space at the end (pro tem, at least); add \The + +2011-02-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatfloats): editorial tidies prior to moving + to main body + (q-write and q-write18): editorial, mostly + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (q-floats): editorial stuff + +2011-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add etex-pkg + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (q-floats): note interaction between morefloats and + etex packages + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): lowercase tex4ht in ctanrefs (for + consistency with other instances) + (q-wygexpts): remove ref to activetex, seems to have disappeared in its + original form + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-fmtconv): add web ref to tex4ht dev stuff in + ctanrefs for question + +2011-01-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-filename): remove the broken code and simply + report that "it's not easy" ;-) + +2011-01-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@battam> + + * add-general.tex (q-write18): new proposed question + (q-write): on reflection, we need this preface to q-write18 + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): catch up with changes to faq.sty + + * faq.sty: lc versions of \progname, \package and \class + +2011-01-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@battam> + + * dirctan.tex: add cprotect; remote convert, cortex-email.dir, conrado + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-verbwithin): mention cprotect + +2010-12-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): extend words about minted/Pygments + +2010-12-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatfloats): more fiddling + +2010-12-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex: re-do tidies re. bibtex setup + +2010-12-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (q-bibtexing): rewrite to deal with bibtex setup + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-custbib): replace bibtex-doc link with just bibtex + + * dirctan.tex: correct cat link for filehook, add bibtex + + * filectan.tex: correct xampl-bib + +2010-12-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatengine): new answer to replace q-ifpdf + +2010-12-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-papergeom): update for the various extensions of + dvipdfm and rewrite descriptions + +2010-12-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-editors): re-ordered, rationalised a bit, removed + "wildcard" bullet + (q-commercial): clear up debris after removing y&y + +2010-12-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-filename): add currfile, mention fink gives way + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings): correct typo from yesterday + + * dirctan.tex: add currfile, filehook, restore latex4jed (hah!) + +2010-12-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: removed latex4jed, larch, laserjet, since they irritated + me and won't ever be used + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-texthings}: link to tug.org/levels.html, context + executable now texmfstart, i'm told + + * faq-docs.tex (q-ref-doc): the nasa latex thing is no more; remove it + and add a ref to karl's thing at gna.org (and on ctan) + +2010-12-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-psfchoice): remove text about docs for [pt]xfonts + (now available via catalogue), mention bad spacing + +2010-12-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatfloats): add sketch of mechanism + +2010-11-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): mention asymptote, egplot and emp as + inline graphics mechanisms + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-music): correct "current" musixtex link + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.21, today (probably shan't release until after + christmas, but...) + + * filectan.tex: remove vertbars (now own dir); simpl-latex now pdf + + * dirctan.tex: add cutwin, vertbars, egplot; biblatex[-contrib] now on + m/l/c + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-textflow): mention cutwin + +2010-11-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-xml2tex): more work on peter f's input + +2010-11-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link for html2latex + +2010-11-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Format conversions}): new q-xml2tex + +2010-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-readml): minor editorial + +2010-10-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link to catdvi (ho ho) + +2010-10-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): point to tug page in ctanrefs + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-latex2html): add pointer to real tug.org page + on tex4ht (hence real location), in ctanrefs + + * filectan.tex: tex4ht now on obsolete + + * dirctan.tex: add memdesign + + * faq-docs.tex (q-typo-style): memdesign rather than memman + +2010-10-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-nopagebrk): discuss \pagebreak, \nopagebreak + +2010-10-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-whatfloats): a start of a first stab + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-music): large rehash around musixtex and opustex + +2010-10-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-tmupfl,q-atvert): tidies, incl indent'n of quotes + +2010-10-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: remove morefloats, parskip, path, printlen + + * dirctan.tex: add morefloats, parskip, path, printlen; new location + for musixtex-egler + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-tmupfl): mention morefloats, with caveats + +2010-10-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (q-floats): updated morefloat, mention etex + restrictions-regardless-of-number-of-registers + +2010-09-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-onna-stick): comment-out the entire question -- + moot now (i think, but am not _certain_) + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-graphicspath): rephrase discussion of + \graphicspath's (potential) problems + +2010-09-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-outputrtn): new potential answer + +2010-09-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): mention asyfig, too + + * dirctan.tex: add asyfig and emp + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-drawing): mention emp + +2010-09-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: transmute latex-help-texinfo to latex2e-... + + * add-general.tex (q-getnff): new answer for the font installation mess + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-zerochap): reword for better comprehensibility + +2010-09-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fmt-conv.tex (q-fmtconv): add openoffice route for ms-word + +2010-09-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-filename): editorial, incl. emphasise latex form + of \input, only + +2010-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + * filectan.tex: remove cat link from miktex-setup (confusion); remove + miktex-usb (no longer needed) + +2010-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-biblatex): mention bibtex8, refine biblatex/biber + + * dirctan.tex: add bibtex8 + +2010-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add translation for \bibtex + + * faq.sty: add \bibtex + + * faq-projects.tex (q-biblatex): rehash to reflect current realities + (biblatex+biber take over the world) + +2010-09-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-detknize): yet more diddling + +2010-08-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: add gregor zattler, anonymise "not covered" comment + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-adobetypen): typo + +2010-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add fltpage + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-dpfloat): mention fltpage + +2010-08-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-detknize): printing the contents of a macro + + * faq-docs.tex (q-gethelp): add latex community and stack exchange to + the list of places to ask + +2010-08-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-baselinepar): editorial work ("an quote environ...") + +2010-08-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (q-detknize): rewrite last sentence + + * faq.sty: use tmp/comment.cut instead of comment.sty's default; this + is a big win when reading files over nfs, if tmp -> /tmp + +2010-08-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: bring up-to-date from -beta + + * sanitize.pl: bring up-to-date from -beta + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.20 (let's live dangerously!), today + + * mk-makefile: add -t option + + [RELEASE 3.20] + +2010-08-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (section improvement; general typos): add siart for + correction of q-manymathalph + + * faq-jot-err.tex (q-manymathalph): correct usage of bm + +2010-08-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (subsection{Things "gone away"}): new q-initex from + add-general + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-syswin32): comments about miktex 2.9 (beta) + + * add-general.tex (q-initex): further diddling on miktex statement (now + woollier still...) + +2010-08-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-filename): bug fix for the simple \input patch + +2010-08-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add isodoc + + * filectan.tex: add knuth-letter + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-lettercls): add isodoc and give location of + knuth's letter.tex + +2010-08-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add present + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-slidecls): mention present + +2010-08-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-extsizes): mention classes with size ranges + that differ from the norm + + * add-general.tex (q-initex): reword last para slightly to avoid + impression that i know more about miktex than i actually do + +2010-08-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add lecturer + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-slidecls): mention lecturer + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): restore old \CONTeXt command + + * faq.sty: add \context command + +2010-07-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-fancyhdr): add keywords for fancyhdr + (q-reallyblank): correct ref to fancyhdr + +2010-07-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: add $mirror_selector, use extended dirctan, filectan + previously developed in texfaq2html-beta + +2010-07-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add beamerposter + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-slidecls): minor editorial + (q-poster): add beamerposter + + * faq-intro.tex: add nicola talbot + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-poster): correct link for nicola's tutorial, + tidy link list + +2010-07-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-nopagebrk): correct assertion about samepage vs. + list items + + * add-general.tex: new answer q-samepage in "why does it do that" + + * faq.sty: add \alltex, \latex, \latexe, \pdflatex + + * sanitize-beta.pl: more of the lower-case bumpy road commands, extend + replacement of " by + in substitute commands + +2010-07-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (q-fontname): elaborate a bit (why foundries' + names don't help) + +2010-07-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (q-metrics): rewrite text around ly1 + + * faq-graphics.tex (q-dvipsgraphics): bmeps now part of dktools + + * dirctan.tex: add titleref, dktools; remove bmeps; edit ly1, + pdftex-graphics + + * filectan.tex: remove titleref + + * faq-intro.tex: mention moulder in helpers list + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (q-widows): rewrite with clarification from peter + moulder + +2010-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: hack around the non-existence of \textcurrency in ptmr + + * dirctan.tex: make revtex ref revtex4-1 (for clarity) + + * faq-biblio.tex (q-mcite): deal with revtex 4.1 situation + +2010-06-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link for ite + +2010-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): use $mirror_selector + + * texfaq2html-beta: add $mirror_selector + +2010-06-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-secnumdep): give actual commands for + manipulating secnumdepth and tocdepth, in tocvsec2 and memoir + +2010-05-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): gasp! stix now released + + * dirctan.tex: fontspec moved to m/l/c + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (q-triptrap): sort out paren at end of last para + +2010-05-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: del needspace,notoccite,nopageno,optional,underscore + + * dirctan.tex: add needspace,notoccite,nopageno,optional,underscore + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-conditional): xcomment now in own dir + +2010-05-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (q-footnpp): editorial on perpage vs zref-perpage + +2010-05-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (q-mathml): try to sound cheery about stix + +2010-05-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add emptypage + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-reallyblank): mention emptypage package + +2010-04-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (q-syswin32,q-sysunix): tl portable + (q-sysunix): we do now have reports of tex-gpc running + + * faq-wdidt.tex (q-baselinepar): rewrite, with solutions after each + example, and dealing with the business of size change at end par + +2010-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (list of contributors): add bob tennent, comment mike + vulis + + * dirctan.tex: add classico, sansmath + + * faq-fonts.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): add entry to list in + q-psfchoice for urw classico + + * CHANGES-3.19e: mention above change + +2010-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \macosx{} + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): editorial in q-sysmac, + q-sysother + +2010-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex: diddle with oztex and cmactex stuff in q-sysmac; + editorial in q-sysother + +2010-04-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add atari-cstex + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): various tidies in the various + q-sys* answers (removing the last of the description environments) + +2010-04-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): split out 4 sub-answers + (q-sys*) from q-TeXsystems, which then becomes (mostly) a list of + references + +2010-04-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add tex-gpc + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): another thrash at windows, + incl commenting-out w32tex pending possible developments; amalgamate + "unix" and "linux" entries, and add tex-gpc + +2010-04-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): further iteration of windows + dists, removing w32tex (which i can't get to at all now) and rehashing + text around the miktex/tex live compare and contrast thing + + * faq-getit.tex (q-cd): redo text after thinking about the faq-texsys + stuff about windows + +2010-04-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \textcurrency, \texteuro + + * faq.sty: add \etex + + * faq-intro.tex: qualify entry for scott pakin in list of the great and + good + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-codelist): correct ctanref for minted + +2010-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): chunk of work on miktex/ + texlive for windows. needs reviewing before release!!! + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): \tex{} for TeX, similarly for + several other tex-variants + +2010-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add biber + + * faq-projects.tex (q-biblatex): add ctanref to biber + +2010-04-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex: add subdocs to q-multidoc (feels dodgy as i write + the description...) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): semicolon at end of \hyperflat(!) + + * texfaq2html: load sanitize.pl not -beta! + +2010-04-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: create skeleton of collecting catalogue entries in ctanrefs + + * faq-adj-types.tex (q-replstdcls): editorial tidies + + * faq.sty: add \hyperflat as long-term replacement for \latexhtml + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \hyperflat + + * faq-intro.tex (list of contributors): add tomek + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add + blurb about standalone in q-multidoc + +2010-04-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add docmute, standalone + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add + docmute in q-multidoc + +2010-04-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add docmute, cat link for docmfp + +2010-04-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): retitle q-doc-wiki as + wiki _books_, bits of editorial + +2010-04-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-latexwords): typo corrected + +RELEASE 3.19d (2nd attempt) + +2010-04-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): editorial + in q-makeindex (including two separate texindex entries in list) + + * dirctan.tex: add catalogue link idxtex to glo+idxtex + +2010-04-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html, sanitize.pl: update + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): massive shambles in [lr]brace + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): + correct ref to shortvrb in ctanrefs of q-activechars, and tidy + verbatim stuff in 2nd para of answer + +2010-04-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add + example structures for combine and subfiles alternatives in q-multidoc + +2010-04-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): accommodate + luatex 0.60.0 in scribble about luatex + +2010-04-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.19d, today (to be revised ;-) + + * faq-intro.tex: omit unnecessary stuff in html mode (looks a bit bare + now, but ought to improve if/when i can sort out a css for the output) + +2010-04-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: minute delta-comment in list of helpers + + * faq-how-do-i.tex: correct typo in q-hyphoff + +2010-03-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex,faq-biblio.tex,faq-lab-ref.tex,faq-how-do-i.tex, + faq-symbols.tex,faq-mac-prog.tex,faq-t-g-wr.tex,faq-wdidt.tex, + faq-jot-err.tex,faq-projects.tex (throughout): add individual cat + links for "distributed as part of" ctanrefs + +2010-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (Macros for using fonts): editorial on some rubbish in + q-fonts-pln + +2010-03-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (Page Layout): mention pdfcolparcolumns in + q-parallel + (throughout): add individual cat links for "as part of" ctanrefs + + * dirctan.tex: add minted + + * faq-adj-types.tex (Typesetting specialities): add minted in q-codelist + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add flatversion in the $ignoring + twiddling at the end + + * faq.sty: add flatversion env (== non-hyperversion) + +2010-03-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add vruler + + * filectan.tex: remove vruler + + * faq-adj-types.tex (Page Layout): editorial in q-parallel, add own cat + entry for pdfcolparallel + +2010-03-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add fncylab, ifmtarg, import (hypernat was here already) + + * filectan.tex: remove fncylab, hypernat, ifmtarg, import + +2010-03-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex: epslatex one ref only, now, relying on catalogue + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref, etc.): generate per reference + catalogue entries if opt argument of \CTANref + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link for everypage + + * faq-texsys.tex: editorial to avoid multiple \ctanref per line + + * faq-graphics.tex: single reference to epslatex (doc from catalogue) + + * filectan.tex: remove epslatex_(ps|pdf) + + * dirctan.tex: add epslatex + + * faq.sty: have \CTANref check for following optional argument (and + ignore it) + + * faq-adj-types.tex: mention atbegshi in q-watermark + +2010-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@warp.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add framed, verbdef (despite believing it already done!) + + * faq-biblio.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): qualify ctanref for + chapterbib in q-chapbib + +2010-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add threeparttable + correct directory for bigstrut (it's multirow) + + * filectan.tex: remove threeparttable + +2010-03-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Document management}): try to clear + ambiguity about \input in q-filesused + + * Makefile: make "index" opt come out in help + + * dirctan.tex: add framed, verbdef dirs + + * filectan.tex: removed framed, verbdef + +2010-02-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: remove excludeonly + + * dirctan.tex: add bigstrut, excludeonly + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): remark + about docs of tabls and bigstrut now not needed; bigstrut now has own + registered directory + +2010-02-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add tabls qua directory + + * filectan.tex: remove tabls + +2010-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): correct + incompletely edited reference to \PBS in q-tabcellalign + +2010-02-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: add web-index target to updated (dir|file)ctan for when + ctan structure is changing + +2010-02-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): remove + mention of docs of dpfloat + + * faq-wdidt.tex (subsection{Common errors}): use fix2col package + direct, rather than ref to carlisle bundle + + * filectan.tex: remove anonchap, bold-extra, braket, cancel, chngcntr, + dblfloatfix + + * dirctan.tex: add anonchap, bold-extra, braket, cancel, chngcntr, + fix2col, dblfloatfix + +2010-02-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (section improvement; general typos): add enrico + gregorio (help with q-seccntfmt) + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): redo + switching code in q-seccntfmt + +2010-02-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: convert (rather smaller number of) entities + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): convert all alphabetic entities to + numerical entities + +2010-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (section{The Background}): rehash q-texfuture, as + suggested by karl berry + +2010-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): scrunge hyperversion + + * faq.sty: add a hyperversion env + + * dirctan.tex: add knuth-dist + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (section{The Background}): split q-plaintex from + q-whattex (controversial?) + + * filectan.tex: add knuth-tds + +2010-02-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (section{The Background}): add ctan link in q-etex + + * dirctan.tex: add etex + +2010-02-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: an even more abstruse grep command for registering + labels than was the old for registering question nos (do we really + need to convert + to space? are user-generated questions significant? + -- because if not there never will be "xxx + yyy") + +2010-02-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ulem "stand-alone" + + * filectan.tex: remove ulem + +2010-02-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): remove + superflous \expandafter in q-seccntfmt, and tidy text a bit + +2010-02-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): move + q-ovwtsym and q-long-outer to start of text + add q-detknize + +RELEASE 3.19c + +2010-01-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * mk-makefile: deal with CHANGES files + +2010-01-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct catalogue link for revtex + + * filectan.tex: remove capt-of, url + + * dirctan.tex: add capt-of, url + +2010-01-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): herbert voss's handy + "tips and tricks" has disappeared, leaving q-doc-dirs very thin + + * dirctan.tex: add dtl, dviasm + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (subsection{Things have "gone away"}): suggest dis/re- + assembling dvi files to get rid of am font refs in q-amfonts + +2010-01-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex,faq-fonts.tex,faq-getit.tex,faq-how-do-i.tex: use + mirrors.ctan.org where reasonable + + * dirctan.tex: add txfontsb + + * faq-fonts.tex (subsection{Adobe Type1 fonts}): mention txfontsb + +2010-01-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * gather-faqbody.tex: update version and date + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): brought -beta changes to mainstream + +2010-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * gather-faqbody.tex: extend comment on the line making \faqinput work + when processing with latex + + * build-faqbody (gather_process): slightly refine the regexp that + was ignoring all lines beginning \let ;-) + +2010-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sub-luximono.sty: jiffy for when \not\exists luximono + + * faq.sty: provide for no luximono + +2010-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): mention google + scholar in q-buildbib + +2009-12-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (section improvement; general typos): add uwe lueck + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (subsection{Getting things to fit}): correct the name + of the author of pictexwd (courtesy uwe lueck) + +2009-12-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): mention + luatex 0.50.0, and tidy up the paragraph, in q-luatex + +2009-12-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): change two + (different) uses of kpsewhich to find a variable to use -var-value + instead, in q-what-tds and q-privinst + +2009-12-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-getit.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): minor edit of + q-archives + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): change + anchor for liang's thesis in q-hyphen + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): ctan link for auc-tex in q-dtx + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): minor edit of q-ecfonts + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): redo q-tds somewhat + +2009-12-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)Tex}) rehash + q-dvi and q-specials somewhat + + * dirctan.tex: typo in miktex + + * filectan.tex: remove pdftex-oztex (moved, but no longer used anyway), + and move both install-tl links down from 2008/ subdir + +2009-12-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-getit.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): reword q-nonfree to + reflect the actual disappearance of the nonfree tree + (section{Acquiring the Software}): update details of the tex collection + from the web site (in q-cd, of course) + (section{Acquiring the Software}): use official address for dante + search page, in q-findfiles + +2009-12-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): tidy up + q-latex3 (used to ref unpackages) + + * faq-texsys.tex (section{TeX Systems}): tidy up miktex, and ref to + miktex under linux; removed commented non-386 nt refs + + * dirctan.tex: kill two non-intel miktex links, add miktex "plain" + +2009-12-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * gather-faqbody.tex: v3.19b, date + + * dirctan.tex: add threeparttablex + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): add threeparttablex, and + rewrite somewhat... + +2009-12-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-backgrnd.tex (section{The Background}): context is already + running on luatex (in q-context) + (section{The Background}): \luatex without {} in q-texfuture :-( + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate \LuaTeX{} + +2009-12-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Document management}): rewrite blurb + around pdftex in intro of q-changebars + +2009-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add here.sty + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): add + here package to q-figurehere + +2009-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): mention mactex + default location for home texmf, in q-privinst + +2009-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-hyp+pdf.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): first attempt at + sorting out q-pdfpagelabels + +2009-11-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Things have gone away}): minor typo in + q-initex + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): work on + q-luatex to minimise hostages to fortune. (miktex 2.8 _wasn't_ + released with a luatex implementation, for example) + + * faq-intro.tex (section{Introduction}): explain what the visual faq is + about + +2009-11-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: add steve mayer to the grand old list + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): correct + link to mathtex + +2009-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (section improvement; general typos): add david jansen + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \ltxcounter + + * faq.sty: add command \ltxcounter + + * faq-jot-err.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): remove *two* + spurious \end{enumerate} from example code in q-errmissitem + +2009-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): orig + command copy missing (more than once) in q-patch + +2009-10-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex (subsection{Origins}): extend comment on joseph w + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): add + l3keys[2e] to discussion in q-keyval + +2009-10-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): remove ref + to and link to dir of keys3 + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): + remove mention of keys3 in q-keyval + + * filectan.tex: xtexcad off nonfree tree + + * dirctan.tex: add changepage directory + + * filectan.tex: remove changepage + +2009-10-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): treat typesetversion like + dviversion (which ought to be right...) + + * faq.sty: add environment typesetversion + + * dirctan.tex: add subdepth, remove qms, quicspool + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): add q-subdepth + +2009-10-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): change link for ams + "short math guide" + +2009-10-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): ref xetex + and luatex in q-adobetypen + + * faq-intro.tex (introduction): add a para at the end of the list of + "real" contributors, to point out that lots of people help without + realising i'm snapping up their words... + + * texfaq2html: use \end{introduction} to recognise end of intro copying + add code to read in catalogue details for files (oops) + + * texfaq2html-beta: use \end{introduction} to recognise end of intro + copying + + * dirctan.tex: various font-related catalogue entries (from psfchoice) + +2009-10-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + +RELEASE 3.19a + +2009-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * CHANGES-3.19a: new, for release + + * faq-wdidt.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): new q-emptynum + from add-general + + * Makefile ($(HTMLDIR)/index.html): add faqbody.tex to prereqs + +2009-10-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl: incorporate developments in -beta + + * texfaq2file: correct root addr (in reading archive.list) + +2009-10-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Document management}): add latex-make, + latex_maker and vpp discussion to q-make + + * dirctan.tex: add latex-make, latex_maker and vpp + +2009-10-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add texlive and + miktex maintainers to people it's not good to ask direct, in q-gethelp + +2009-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): append further + stuff to the last sentence of q-capbibtex + +2009-08-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-wdidt.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): editorial in q-dolldoll + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): correct typo in q-2letterfontcmd + +2009-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Document structure}): remove caveat + about front- and backmatter in q-secthead + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): another + editorial hack at q-instt1font + +2009-08-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): minor editorial + in q-instt1font + +2009-08-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): hack viciously + at q-inst1cm, move it to end of section + + * Makefile (clean): remove faqbody.tex too + (<web copying rules>): correct variable names, correct dependencies + +2009-08-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): deal with + confusion at the start of q-instt1font (spotted by jos\'e carlos + santos, again...) + + * faq-bits+pieces.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): tidy up + the shambles of q-ecfonts + +2009-08-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct three typos created while adding catalogue links + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): in + q-patch, extend discussion of ted package, change patchcmd + accordingly, and do a few editorial diddles + +2009-08-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (subsection{Macros for using fonts}): mention + font-change in q-fonts-pln + + * dirctan.tex: add font-change + +2009-08-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-intro.tex: add RIP note for Eitan Gurari ... much missed already + + * dirctan.tex: sort out a couple of catalogue links + + * check-ctan-lists: display missing cat entries + + * filectan.tex: add cat links + +2009-08-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove t1tidy,t1tools,t1utils,uktug,umddvi,umlaute, + ugaritic,umrand,unadobe,uncompressing,undump,unix,unpacked,untex,usl, + utthesis,va,vector,vector,vga2mf,vietnamese,vispeech,vm-cms,vplutils, + vrb,vslitex,vutex,w2latex,wasy2,webtoc,whatstex,williams,winw2ltx, + word2tex,word_tex,wsuipa,xetal,xypic -- cat links completed + +2009-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): editorial in + q-maillists* + + * dirctan.tex: remove pstab, pxlgen, qfig, quicspool, ransom, + recycle, redit, reduce, relabel, review, rmit, rune, rweb, s2latex; + cat links to end r* + remove sanskrit,saiter,sbtex,schemetex,screenview,script,scripttex, + sisisi, slant,sml,softfonts,southarabian,spain,spelchek,spell, + spiderweb,srune,ssl,ssqqote,stmaryrd,subeqnarray,sueterlin,swebib, + swedish,sweet-tex,swiftex,syriac + cat links to end s* + remove tamil,tbe,tcd-manual,tde-macros,teencontrex,tek2eepic,telugu, + tengwar,tex--xet,tex-d-l,tex-implementors,tex-primer_vms-specific, + tex-surface,texcalc,texchord,texdraw,texed,texfilt,texgraph, + texi2roff,texix,texpert,texproc,text1,text2dvi,textool,textures, + textures_figs,texutils,texware,thai,tie,tiff,translit,tree,tsipa, + tspell,turing[+],turkish,twcal,tx1,typingtex + cat links to end t* + restore spiderweb,spain,swebib + + +2009-07-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-emptynum + containing an offcut from q-nopageno + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Page layout}): further tidying of + q-nopageno, remove matter for q-emptynum + +2009-07-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Page layout}): further tidying of + q-nopageno + +2009-07-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-adj-types.tex (subsection{Page layout}): amalgamate + q-nopageno and q-ps@empty (which talked about the same sorts of thing) + (subsection{Page layout}): change ref to \ps@empty in q-fancyhdr to + q-nopageno (not entirely reasonable just now, but we're getting there) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Things have "gone away"}): new q-initex + +2009-07-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): \dots->… (not ellipsis!) + +2009-07-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: cat links to end p* + +2009-07-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added lshort, more cat links (up to l* now) + + * filectan.tex: removed lshort (now in dirctan) + +2009-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add link to the + symbol classifier, in q-symbols + + * dirctan.tex: still more catalogue links + +2009-07-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: bunch of new catalogue links (no particular order) + + * texfaq2html-beta: deal with \CTANdirectory* and a cat link, and + \CTANfile ditto + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): generate refs for directories + +2009-07-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: catalogue links up to f* + +2009-07-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-support.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): add link to + cygwin installation advice in q-xfigetc + + * faq-projects.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): typo + spotted by fran\c{c}ois charette in q-biblatex, and further editorial + work starting from another of his observations + +2009-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-biblio.tex (section{References from articles}): add warning about + citeref's problems with cite.sty in q-backref + +2009-07-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: cat linkparallels up to cm-super + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): new + q-howfonts + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): correct one + instance of spelling of chngcntr in q-running-nos + +2009-07-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: get rid of optional args to \CTAN-(directory|file) + +2009-06-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-fonts.tex (subsection{MF fonts}): bluesky fonts from amsfonts in + q-getbitmap + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): remove "bluesky" + from name of q-inst1cm + + * dirctan.tex: remove bluesky stuff + +2009-06-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: alpha now back to main tree + + * faq-t-g-wr.tex (subsection{Things have "gone away"}): use amsfonts + + * faq-install.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): ams and cm fonts + type 1 links both go to amsfonts now + + * dirctan.tex: add amsfonts-only link + + * faq-fonts.tex (subsection{Adobe PS fonts}): replace refs to + ams-amstype1 + + * faq-symbols.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): all ams things are in + amsfonts now + + * dirctan.tex: added catalogue links up to babel + +2009-06-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: revert to oldstyle css, having experienced a + stronger yuck reaction to hufthammer's other suggestions + + * dirctan.tex: add cat link for footmisc + + * texfaq2html-beta: decode catalogue entry name (trailing [foo]) after + \CTANdirectory, non-starred versions only pro tem + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): add catalogue link if available + +2009-06-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): a bit + of work on q-bgroup + +2009-06-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: try Steely style sheet for today... + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to a + "full" tug india latex guide on sarovar + +2009-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: add css link to header of docs (Oldstyle) + + * faq-docs.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention hisrchhorn's + amslatex-primer in q-man-latex + (section{Documentation and Help}): comment about difficulty of reading + in q-ref-doc + +2009-06-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-graphics.tex (section{Graphics}): change title of q-impgraph + + * patchdates.tex: update patch version and date (was 2007...) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): new + answer q-bgroup + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): make \dots{} produce &ellipsis; + +2009-06-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq-how-do-i.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): correct statements about + \textrm in q-mathstext (after enlightenment from Philipp Stephani...) + +2009-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * letterfaq.tex,newfaq-patch.tex,newfaq.tex: use gather-faqbody in jf's + lovely \afterassignment\endinput\input line... + + * Makefile: include subdocuments.mk, add $(SUBDOCS) to BODY + + * subdocuments.mk: list of things gathered by gather-faqbody + +2009-06-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * newfaq.tex,newfaq-patch.tex,letterfaq.tex: use gather-faqbody + + * gather-faqbody.tex: new name for faqbody, as gutted (see below) + + * faq-intro.tex,faq-backgrnd.tex,faq-docs.tex,faq-bits+pieces.tex, + faq-getit.tex,faq-texsys.tex,faq-dvi.tex,faq-support.tex, + faq-litprog.tex,fmt-conv.tex,faq-install.tex,faq-fonts.tex, + faq-hyp+pdf.tex,faq-graphics.tex,faq-biblio.tex,faq-adj-types.tex, + faq-lab-ref.tex,faq-how-do-i.tex,faq-symbols.tex,faq-mac-prog.tex, + faq-t-g-wr.tex,faq-wdidt.tex,faq-jot-err.tex,faq-projects.tex, + faq-the-end.tex: split out sections of faqbody.tex + + * faqbody.tex: split sections out into their own faq-*.tex, make + this predominantly a set of \faqinput commands + + * faq.sty: deal with LastEdit* + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): process \LastEdit* + + * faqbody.tex: adding \LastEdit to q-texorpdf,q-recovertex, + q-linmacnames,q-latexpronounce,q-logos,q-mcite,q-texthings + +2009-06-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (newfaq.aux): move label to linf of its own + + * Makefile.CTAN (CHANGES): do this properly (may need -new rather than + -replace) + + * dirctan.tex: add figflow + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): add figflow + to q-textflow (at bnb's suggestion), and remove "in latex" qualifier + in question title + + * faq.sty: add \LastEdit (to gobble, pro tem at least) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \LastEdit + + * faqbody.tex: v3.19a, today + (paragraph{Modified tex executables}): a couple of typos spotted by + scott pakin in q-texthings, add experimental \LastEdit + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): move \ISBN .. \Newsgroup above + \section, etc., so that those things can be in section arguments + +2009-06-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): change worked for -beta, so here too + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): missing "/" found by bnb + +2009-06-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * CHANGES-3.19: final released version + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + + * Makefile.CTAN (CHANGES): muck about with installation of new file + + * locations.mk: add HTMLDIREL, define HTMLDIR in relation to it + + * Makefile (release): new target, generate pdfs and html tar file + +2009-06-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add collref; bring macros/blu, systems/msdos/e4t, + support/et, support/jpeg2ps, macros/scripttex from nonfree; junk + oztex-german (now obsolete), patches (nonsense) + + * faqbody.tex (section{References from articles}): rearrange q-mcite a + bit, and add collref to it + +2009-06-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN: don't do .ps files any longer + + * Makefile: don't generate .ps files in "all", just pdf + + * sanitize.pl: up to date with -beta changes + + * texfaq2html: up to date with -beta changes + + * texfaq2html-beta: removed debugging statements (already commented) + +2009-06-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Background}): micro-editorial in q-latexpron... + +2009-06-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Background}): untangle logos in re. q-latexe, + and modify q-latexpronounce accordingly + (subsection{Odds and ends}): adjust q-logos to cope with non-bumpy text + such as we now use + + * faq.sty: add \latexe + +2009-06-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): new + q-linmacname from add-general + +2009-05-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): change + name of q-macronames to q-linmacnames, yet more editorial + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): editorial in q-recovertex + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-texorpdf from add-general + +2009-05-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): a bit + of editorial on q-macronames + +2009-05-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate \c{c} + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): revised q-xetex + from francois charette + (intro): add francois to list of acknowledgements + (first line): today's date + +2009-05-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): minor editorial on q-drawing + + * dirctan.tex: add epic + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): add brief descriptions of pictex, + epic and eepic[emu] to q-drawing + +2009-05-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add first-latex-doc + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention first-latex-doc in + q-man-latex + +2009-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): new q-osf from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): refer + to q-whatmacros rather than spelling out the rules, in q-macronames + +2009-05-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): update link for textures in + q-commercial + (various places): minor editorial work + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): editorial on q-osf + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): correct \href for + texcount,in q-wordcount + + * dirctan.tex: add asymptote + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): retitle q-xfig as + q-figetc, and mention asymptote in it (now it's on ctan!) + +2009-05-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): q-grffilenames from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): tidy q-grffilenames, correct + previous text about knuthian constraints on input file name format + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): moved q-whatmacros + from add-general *already* + (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): q-wideflt from + add-general, too!! + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): new "what + are macros" (q-whatmacros) + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): new "wide figures and + tables" (q-wideflt) + (subsection{Odds and ends}): editorial on q-osf + +2009-05-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add miktex-portable + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): mention miktex-portable in + q-texsystems + +2009-05-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: tidy include/exclude comments; make introduction into a real + env + + * faqbody.tex (intro): simplify \nothtml code in introduction env + +2009-05-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (intro): v3.19, today + +2009-05-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): yet more + editorial on q-keyval + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate \par{} as <br/> + +2009-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): yet + another diddle of q-macronames ... just can't quite satisfy myself + about this thing + +2009-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): list macro + names for class/package options in xkeyval + +2009-05-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): mention + ifxetex and ifluatex in q-ifpdf + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): yet + more diddling with q-macronames + (subsection{\LaTeX{} macro tools and techniques}): wrap a terrible wide + line in an example in q-keyval + + * dirctan.tex: add texcount + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): add ctan links for + (la)texcount and description of texcount in q-wordcount + +2009-05-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): minor + update of q-macronames on internal macros and why they work + +2009-05-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: psfig back on main tree; xypic link as catalogue, now; + xfig, xdvi and usergrps now browse-only; + remove arc521, arj, atob, binhex, boo, bsplit, checksum, comm, compact, + compress, filehdr, ftpd, ftpmail, hexbin, lharc, machdr, macunpack, + macutils, mcvert, mirror, mixed, parc, stuffit, tar, tex88, tex8fmts, + transname, unarj, unpack, unstuff, uue, uuencode, vtree, vtree-fix, + vvcode, xbin (tools/*); + remove two borceux subdirs -- diagram, user-guides + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): add + final(?) paragraphs of q-keyval + +2009-05-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): add + pgfkeys to q-keyval, and make a start on scrbase + + * dirctan.tex: add biblatex-contrib + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): update + q-biblatex and mention biber therein + +2009-04-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention setspaces + spaces and hyphens options of url.sty, in q-setURL + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): don't + use |$| in q-catcodes, since it confuses auctex's text colouring -- + \texttt{\$} instead + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): hack at q-macronames + after staring at it a bit + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): give + \textasciicircum a null argument in q-wholerow + +2009-04-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): add + xkeyval to q-keyval + + * faqbody.tex (rogue's gallery): add joseph wright and philipp stephani + in recognition of help on q-keyval answer + +2009-04-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): add + kvoptions and kvsetkeys to q-keyval + +2009-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): more + work on q-keyval + +2009-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): new + q-keyval + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): editorial on + q-pdf-fig-chars following thanh's comment + +2009-04-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): new q-pdf-fig-chars from + add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): flesh out q-grffilenames + +2009-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): complete sentence that + previously ended "but" (no full stop!) in q-changemargin + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): further editorial + on q-pdf-fig-chars + + * texfaq2html-beta: remove the "complete set" link at bottom of search + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 (PS) fonts}): editorial on cm + bright in T1 (now a bit less pompous, i hope) + +2009-04-12 (small hours) Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new + q-pdf-fig-chars at thanh's request + +2009-04-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): improvements to + q-luatex from manuel pegourie-gonnard + (intro): add mpg to list of names + +2009-04-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): editorial on + q-mfptutorials + (section{Acquiring the Software}): editorial on q-nonfree + + * dirctan.tex: add latex-tds + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention heiko's + source2e in q-writecls + + * filectan.tex: add latexcheat + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add bullet item about + figures in q-askquestion + (section{Documentation and Help}): editorial on q-man-latex, + q-typo-style + (section{Documentation and Help}): correct link for pgf/tikz examples + in q-tutbitslatex + (section{Documentation and Help}): add cheat sheet in q-ref-doc + +2009-04-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (paragraph{TeX distributions}): editorial work on + q-texthings, q-plainvltx, q-amspkg, q-eplain, q-texfuture + (section{Documentation and Help}): editorial work on q-wherefaq, + q-gethelp, q-maillists* + +2009-04-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): add link to + liang's thesis in q-hyphen + +2009-04-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): add sentence to the end of + first para of q-whattex; hack away at q-whatpdftex + + * dirctan.tex: delete preview-latex & fptex, make auctex browse only + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): preview-latex + now part of auctex, in q-wygexpts + + * dirctan.tex: remove ghostview, move plnfss up one and remove * + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Finding the Files}): further iteration, + now checked in all 3 formats + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): ghostview now an unprogram in q-acrobat + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): replace ghostview with gv + + * Makefile (web,web-beta): correct shell syntax of yesterday's patch(!) + +2009-04-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Finding the Files}): further iteration + + * Makefile (update web files): deal with case that file doesn't exist + +2009-03-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Finding the Files}): get rid of a link- + without-visible-anchor in the pdf, generally tidy + +2009-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): stupid error in sub of \wideonly + + * texfaq2file: various errors thrown up by -w ... so remove -w + +2009-03-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): + + * texfaq2file: restore list of protocols and hosts (since they're used) + ... but don't overdo it ... this lot is a mess and needs tidying + + * label-to-file.pl: the list of file names corresponding to q labels + + * texfaq2file+texfaq2html-beta: use label-to-file.pl in place of list + in file + +2009-03-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add compactbib + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): mention compactbib in + q-compactbib (where else? ;-) + +2009-03-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: rename bibtex-doc-pdf to bibtex-doc (overwriting old + one) so that link takes you to something readable + + * faqbody.tex: 3.18b, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): make bibtex docs link just + bibtex-doc -- see dirctan change + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): ditto in q-custbib + +2009-03-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * check-ctan-lists: check status of directory .zip files ... + + * dirctan.tex: bunch of anomalies shown up by latest version of scanner + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): suppress .tar.gz link + + * texfaq2html-beta: sort lists of matching answers numerically, at last + (initialisation): close CTANFILES and CTANDIR after reading them... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): more twiddling + with q-xetex + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): ditto q-luatex + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): ditto q-omegaleph (more + downbeat still than previously :-( + (section{Symbols, etc.}): add q-usesymb from add-general + +2009-03-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Symbols, etc.}): add initial body for + q-usesymb + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): mention miktex-for-linux in + q-texsystems + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): more hacking at q-luatex + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): rearrange q-omegaleph, + q-xetex, q-luatex, q-ant, q-extex into that order + +2009-03-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): more fiddling + with latex project answer + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): mimetex now superseded by + mathtex + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): don't compare ant to nts, + since we no longer mention nts ;-) + (section{Current \TeX{}-related projects}): hack at q-luatex + + * dirctan.tex: add keys3, numparse3 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): reword q-fmtconv as + suggested by jose carlos santos + + * dirctan.tex: add yagusylo + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Symbols, etc.}): skeleton q-usesymb + +2009-03-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): try to clarify text of q-ftncapt + in re. complaint on c.t.t + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): tidy up talk about etex.sty in + q-noroom, and mention \reserveinserts + +2009-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add blackboard + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): redo q-numbersets, mention + blackboard doc + +2009-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add urw-base35, remove plain urw + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): redo refs to urw chancery, add + link to URW base35, in q-scriptfonts + +2009-03-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): tidy wording about tbt + in q-books + +2009-03-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): typo in q-editors + +2009-03-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): slightly less frivolity, in + pursuit of better comprehensibility, among the unix editors + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate \texshop{}, \texworks{}; + reorganise the list of "programs" for ease of editing + + * faq.sty: define \texshop, \texworks + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): add a wildcard entry to the list + for texworks, in q-editors + +2009-02-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): micro- + typo in q-patch + +2009-02-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add expl3, xpackages + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): update q-latex3 + +2009-02-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@hehe.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): add q-texthings, from + add-general + +2009-01-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): add q-texorpdf + +2009-01-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): revise view of the + wiki books (which seem to have improved a lot) + +2009-01-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: correct period positioning after previous mod + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): chappg documented + "normally" now in q-pagebychap + (subsection{Document structure}): remove q-outszwrng + (subsection{Document structure}): merge (and condense) list from old + q-outszwrng into q-acroantics + + +2009-01-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): exptl translation for \paragraph + + * faq.sty: redefine \paragraph, too + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): more + minor diddling with q-macronames + (subsection{The Background}): similar for q-texthings + +2009-01-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): rewrite warning about + programming zoonekynd's stuff, in q-secthead + +2009-01-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add revised tth ;-) + + * filectan.tex: remove tth + +2009-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): tidy up following + obsoleting of numline, in q-linenos + + * dirctan.tex: remove rsfs-type1 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): rsfs type 1 now part of base + distribution in q-scriptfonts + + * filectan.tex: numline now in obsolete + +2008-12-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Background}): editorial on list of + enhanced tex engines + +2008-12-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): add + q-macronames from scott pakin + (subsection{The Background}): add q-texthings from scott pakin + +2008-12-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): typo in q-graphicspath spotted by + jim diamond + +2008-11-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): minor tidy of q-tds-zip + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): clear up gross \qref error in + q-inst-tds-zip, and tidy up rest of question + +2008-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): mention tl network install, tl + and miktex package net update + + * filectan.tex: add texlive-unix, texlive-windows + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): a bit of + rewording of the presumed prospects for omega 2 + +2008-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex ([throughout]): minor edits for untidinesses spotted by + karl berry + +2008-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): minor ed of q-eps + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): added q-grffilenames + (initial stab ... not even complete in itself) + +2008-09-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: as -beta + + * texfaq2html-beta: add home link at end of answer, after next/prev + links if present + +2008-09-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): correct + invocation of topcapt package in q-destable + +2008-09-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): try to refer to dvipdfmx in parallel + in q-dvipdfmgraphics + +2008-09-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add ptr to emory + latex2e ref in q-ref-doc + +2008-08-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (dist): new target for manual pegouri\'e-gonnard + +2008-08-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention lulu version + of tbt, both in q-ol-books and q-books + +2008-08-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add varisize + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Macros for using fonts}): mention varisize in + q-fonts-pln + +2008-08-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): deprecate + dropping, rewrite descr of lettrine appropriately + (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): mention perpage's + \MakeSorted in q-figurehere + +2008-08-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Generic macros and techniques}): store + a copy of donald a's \moverlay in q-ovwtsym, for future reference + +2008-08-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add addlines + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention eplain as a plain route to + to loading graphics in q-impgraph (per kb's suggestion) + (subsection{Page layout}): mention addlines in q-chngmargonfly + +2008-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \htmlentity to deal with + q-dropping guillemet problem + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): use \htmlentity + in \latexhtml (guillemets) in q-dropping + +2008-07-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): remove chngpage from + q-marginpkgs + + * filectan.tex: chngpage->changepage; remove pdftex + + * dirctan.tex: add mciteplus, pdftex, record move of aro-bend + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): mention mciteplus in + q-mcite + +2008-07-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: ruthless stamping on problems produces a use full output + +2008-07-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: more minor adjustments + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): now a real (unnumbered) section + +2008-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: include comment introduction + + * faqbody.tex: put environment introduction around introduction + +2008-07-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: minor tidies, use index.html for intro, pro tem + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): editorial in q-verbwithin + +2008-07-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: correct repeated-code subroutine from 19th + (print_intro_para, etc): attempt to sort out coherent "whole path" + +2008-07-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: some tidying of repeated code, clarification of + logic of the code -- lots more still to do... + +2008-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): discuss + \ifpatchable in the bit about etoolbox in q-patch + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): brief scribble about how lua + operates inside tex, in q-luatex + +2008-07-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): mention zref/perpage in + q-footnpp + +2008-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{MetaFont fonts}): more modernisation of + q-usemf (no longer mentions virmf, for example) + +2008-07-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: major upheavals: beginning to show signs of + working in the various parts separately + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): tidy text of + both q-thesis and q-journalpaper + (subsection{MetaFont fonts}): tidy up q-usemf (though whether to keep + it at all remains a matter of debate) + +2008-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add plastex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): add plastex to + q-latex2html + +2008-07-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): enumerate the + complete set of memoir document sizes in q-extsizes + +2008-07-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: add target inst-perl-gamma (just texfaq2html-gamma) + + * texfaq2html-gamma: add description meta element to start_html + + * texfaq2html-beta: added a description meta element + + * texfaq2html-gamma: comment out setting of $seclevel hash, since it's + not used and therefore logging errors + +2008-07-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): miktex already + has xetex ('cos it's got to 2.7 already) + +2008-06-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: delete FAQ-html.tar.gz in "clean" + +2008-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): make clear we're talking about latex + packages in re. the comp. list in q-symbols + +2008-06-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: add inst-miktex* to label_to_file (per mpg); + correct generation of links from index.html (per jonathan k) + + * faqbody.tex: 3.18a, today + (subsection{Lists}): add mention of expdlist in q-interruptlist + + **FAQ-html.tar.gz patched on archive** + +2008-06-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date, for release + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): correct typo in q-dtx + wideversion + + **RELEASE** + +2008-06-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: carried -beta modifications forward + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): carried -beta modifications forward + +2008-06-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): tidy descr + of patch.doc in q-patch, and mention ted and etoolbox + +2008-06-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (head): today's date + (section{Acquiring the Software}): rewrite of some of q-tds-zip + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): discuss luatex schedule for + distribution, and firm up demise of pdftex devel, in q-luatex + (section{Acquiring the Software}): \Qref* to q-psfchoice in link + in q-findfont (rather weird without the * ;-) + +2008-06-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): new q-tds-zip + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): refer to q-tds-zip in + q-inst-tds-zip + +2008-06-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): reorganise to make + the text flow slightly more coherently in q-install-find + + * dirctan.tex: add winedt (browse only) + + * filectan.tex: add mathsurvey.(pdf|html), remove winedt + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PostScript") fonts}): mention + Hartke's survey in q-psfchoice, add ctanref to it + +2008-06-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type1 ("PostScript") fonts}): mention + the tex font catalogue in q-psfchoice + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 (PostScript) fonts}): add links to the + catalogue for fonts we _do_ list, in q-psfchoice + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): editorial on q-instmffont + +2008-06-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): recognise "\textbackslash "; + (hopefully) throughout routine, escape semicolons in substitution text + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): diddle endlessly + with q-what-tds to get \textbackslash to work + (throughout): \textbackslash{} -> "\textbackslash " (dunno why) + +2008-06-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Hyphenation}): mention none option of + hyphenat package in q-hyphoff, and point out it's incompatible with + babel + + * texfaq2html-beta: correct typo in no-mod branch of translation of + question labels + +2008-06-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): rearrange (and do a + smidgeon of editing while we're at it) q-install-find + +2008-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): change initexmf -u + to --update-fndb (official version) in q-inst-wlcf + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): tidy up q-what-tds (last of + proof-reading stuff?) + +2008-05-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): proof-reading work + on q-installthings, q-install-find, q-install-unpack + +2008-05-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: remove papersize* from label_to_file + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): remove old q-papersize, rename + q-papersize* as q-papersize + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): oops -- had missed the \Question + command of q-instt1font + (header) version 3.18, today + +2008-05-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): hack some more at + q-instt1font, and split q-prept1font from the front of it + +2008-05-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): major hacking of + q-instt1font, with a view to splitting it in two + +2008-05-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: require aliasfile.list, use its hash to update + input labels + + * faq.sty: write aliasquestion.list as a perl module creating a hash + +2008-05-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (targets web and web-beta): add aliasquestion.list to the + files copied + + * texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2html-gamma: add inst-miktex* to label_to_file + hash + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): in q-mathtime + change ref to q-inst-miktex to q-inst-miktex* (even though mathtime + question has now presumably timed out) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing \AllTeX{} files}): add questions + q-inst-scut, q-inst-miktex* and q-inst-tds-zip (from add-general) + in place of q-inst-miktex + +2008-05-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \AliasQuestion (ignored) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): minor editorial in + q-pkgdoc + +2008-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): add body to + q-inst-tds-zip + + * Makefile (target clean): add aliasquestion.list + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): editorial tidies + in q-pk and q-tfm + +2008-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): minor edit of + q-inst-miktex* + +2008-05-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): add alias + instpackages (for installthings) and wherefiles (for inst-wlcf) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): add alias for + q-inst-scut, for testing purposes + + * faq.sty: add \AliasQuestion and supporting mechanisms + +2008-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems errors}): tidy q-endingroup markup + +2008-05-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): stupid typo spotted by + keith briggs, in q-changebars + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): \texlive, again + + * faq.sty: \texlive according to karl b + +2008-05-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): tidy up the english + and the markup of q-install-unpack, a bit + +2008-05-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.17-3, today; add ernst to list of helpers + (subsection{Footnotes}): clarify text around mdw's packages in + q-footintab + +2008-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): mention textures on osx + +2008-04-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): correct tug box search + address in q-findfiles + +2008-04-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: correct dvitype, moved as part of texware (v.i.) + + * dirctan.tex: correct errata, tex--xet, texware and web (knuth-isms + moved); add vc + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): add vc to q-rcs and + make various minor adjustments to accommodate it + (header) today's date, add hennig to list of contributors + +2008-04-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): mention tex4ht as a route + to word format in q-fmtconv; re-sort list to make it more reasonable + for today's use + (header) v3.17-2, today + +2008-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct committee font, lgrind and mfware; add ziffer + + * filectan.tex: add changepage, remove ziffer, correct figsinltx + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): the + letterspace package is no more so change description to microtype + in q-letterspace + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): mention changepage in q-oddpage, + (subsection{Page layout}): mention changepage in q-chngmargonfly + +2008-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta, texfaq2html-gamma: add papersize* to label mapping + list + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): comment out q-papersize, add + q-papersize*, q-acroantics, q-papergeom from add-general + +2008-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: update \faqfiledate + +2008-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): rearrange recommendations in + q-footnpp + +2008-02-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): tfti is gnu _free_ + documentation licence, in q-ol-books + +2008-02-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): correct usage of \bsbs + +2008-02-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): tidy text in q-acroantics + so the italic of \ProgName doesn't get confused with emphasis + (subsection{Odds and ends}): minor edit of q-osf + +2008-02-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): add memoir section to + q-papergeom + +2008-01-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): more diddling with + q-papergeom + +2008-01-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): replacement for + q-papersize (3 qs: q-papersize*, q-acroantics, q-papergeom) + +2008-01-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \plaintex{} + + * faq.sty: add \plaintex{} + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): lots of diddling of + q-papersize + (throughout) [Pp]lain[ ~]\TeX{} -> \plaintex{} + +2008-01-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): muck about with % (which fools + sanitize) in q-papersize quoted material about acrobat + (subsection{Page layout}): more hacking at this, trying to make it read + as if written by a human being + +2008-01-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): change url for + nicola's latex for novices, in q-man-latex + +2008-01-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): new q-pdf-encr + +2008-01-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (intro): add william ingram + +2008-01-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: * def of crosstex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): lots of hacking + at q-biblatex + +2008-01-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): micro-change to q-etex + +2008-01-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): add a word of caution about about + bmeps bitmap patch for dvips, in q-dvipsgraphics + +2008-01-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add crosstex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): mention crosstex + in q-biblatex + +2008-01-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): dealing with p.m. de f. forster + in q-bibtranscinit + +2007-12-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add preview, remove ps4mf + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): update text around pstricks in + q-drawing (the question may need more root-and-branch attention) + +2007-12-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): mention pdfcolparallel in + q-parallel + +2007-12-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add miktex-usb + + * add-general.tex (section{TeX Systems}): add q-onna-stick + +2007-11-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): yet + more mucking with q-long-outer (mostly trimming narrowversion lines) + + * Makefile (clean): add htmltex/* for cleaning + +2007-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): more- + or less finished q-long-outer + +2007-11-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \textasciicircum{} + + * dirctan.tex: add picins + + * filectan.tex: remove picins + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): heroic attack + on command skeletons in q-textflow + (throughout): lots of hacking to get rid of |...| verbatims + + * faq.sty: \cmdinvoke accepts parenthesised arguments + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{MF fonts}): tidy narrow/wide interaction in + basic mf commands in q-usemf + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): get rid of inline verb in + q-bibaccent, and merge html and non-html versions + +2007-11-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): new + q-long-outer + + * faqbody.tex (throughout (remaining)): spell-checked + (section{Symbols, etc.}): minor editorial on q-underscore + +2007-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout first ~50%): spell-checked + +2007-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add auto-pst-pdf (yet to be installed, but...) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention (auto-)pst-pdf in q-labelfig + +2007-11-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): replace + "places to look for are" (!) with "candidates are" in q-protect + +2007-11-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: add john harper to preamble list of helpers + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): yet another rehash + of q-protect, following further input from john harper + +2007-11-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add pkfix-helper + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): changed name of q-theoremfmt, + minor editorial work + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): mention pkfix-helper in q-pkfix + +2007-11-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add fontspec + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): tidy, ref fontspec pkg + in re. xetex use of fancy otf features, in q-osf + +2007-11-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (heading); today's date, add david kraus + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): correct bug spotted by + david kraus, in q-tocbibind; also add example of koma options + +2007-11-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): more work on q-osf + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): update norman + gray's link, add nicola talbot's and rob clark's, and expand all the + other links in q-poster + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): remove assertions about matt + swift's doc-tex stuff in q-dtx -- auctex now does the job, says dak; + tidy tortuous ref to both q-mf and q-mp, now to work for narrow and + wide versions rather than \latexhtml + +2007-11-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (head): v3.17-1, today + (subsection{Document structure}): remove incorrect note about fncychap + docs in q-secthead (they're quite standard now) + +2007-11-08 [Released as 3.17] + +2007-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): extend reference to + nlct's tutorials page in q-man-latex + + * faq.sty: change pdfpagemode to UseNone (but mailing ho for assurance) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): typo in q-pk + +2007-11-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): update german minimal + example link + +2007-11-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.17, today + + * sanitize.pl,texfaq2html: bring forward changes from -beta + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): ensure all \dots have empty arg + +2007-11-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add xargs, xkeyval + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): discuss + xargs in q-twooptarg + +2007-10-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): reword + q-empty for clarity + +2007-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): editorial diddles + with q-dvi-bmp + + * dirctan.tex: restore dviljk; pretend ghostscript is on free tree + (it will be, it will); make gv browse-only + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): editorial work in q-editors + (section{TeX Systems}): two minor changes in q-commercial + (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): dviljk has reappeared + +2007-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): link to latest unsatisfactory + source for xemtex + (section{TeX Systems}): elide the mail address from atari listing in + q-texsystems + + * filectan.tex: remove the protext entry (moved to dirctan for + symmetry reasons...) + + * dirctan.tex: * the mactex entry, add protext + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): rehash q-findfont + (section{Acquiring the Software}): mention ctan copies in q-cd + +2007-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): new link for troy + henderson's previewer in q-mfptutorials + (section{Documentation and Help}): and delete link to the metafun + tutorial, which seems to have vanished from the web :-( + (intro): today's date, add troy henderson + +2007-10-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): ref new askinclude in + q-conditional + (section{Acquiring the Software}): micro-edit of q-uploads + + * filectan.tex: remove askinclude + +2007-10-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): update mtpro stuff for + mtpro2, incl providing working web link + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate \par (one instance only!) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): add link to catalogue + set of licences in q-nonfree (rms' suggestion) + + * filectan.tex: add cat-licences + + * dirctan.tex: add kpfonts, minionpro, mnsymbol + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): add kpfonts and + minionpro/mnsymbol + +2007-10-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add fouriernc + + * faqbody.tex (subsection*{Origins}): extend the list to members of the + committee, thus reducing the confusion (in my mind) about who is/was + and who isn't/wasn't + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): add web location for berthold horn's + paper, add thierry bouche, similarly, in q-psfchoice + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): add fouriernc to list; add fontsite + garamond to the list of mathdesign fonts, in q-psfchoice + +2007-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): edit q-uploads + +2007-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove \xxx|...| forms of + \ProgName, \FontName, \Package, \Class, \Email, \mailto, \File and + \Newsgroup + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): remove last two + instances of \ProgName|...|, in q-8000 + (throughout): remove last three instances of \Email|...| + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): implement \ISBN* + + * faq.sty: add \ISBN* (2 args) version, for ISBN10+ISBN13 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): use \ISBN* for tlc2 + and tlgc2 (latter newly converted from original tlgc entry) + +2007-10-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): bits of editorial + work in q-adobetypen, q-resolns, q-fontname + (section{Acquiring the Software}): mention mirror.ctan.org in + q-archives + +2007-10-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): hack at q-dtx + (have asked dak about dtx in emacs...) + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): minor editorial on q-whatenc and + q-ecfonts + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): work on q-eps + +2007-10-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): rehash q-special + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): minor editorial to q-hyphen + +2007-10-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): bit + more work on q-printvar + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): yet more + twiddling with q-protect + +2007-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): lots of hacking of + q-virtualfonts + +2007-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): new + q-printvar contributed by gernot hassenpflug + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): change to + q-protect developed from john harper's contribution + intro: v3.16z-4, today; add john harper to list of helpers + +2007-10-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add texbytopic + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Hyphenation}): tidy up alternatives at the + end of q-hyphoff + (subsection{Hyphenation}): mention \uchyph in q-wdnohyph + (section{Documentation and Help}): tex by topic now ctan in q-ol-books + +2007-10-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): remove latexhtml around + thanh's full name in q-whatpdftex + (section{The Background}): link to q-latextoplain from q-latexandplain + (section{The Background}): tidy up references to other projects, + add luatex in q-texfuture + (section{The Background}): replace last para of q-readtex + (section{The Background}): add \href to tug's web site in q-tug* + (section{The Background}): correct a couple of \luatex (capitalised) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add def of \The (for thanh) + +2007-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add autolatex + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): refer to makefile question in + q-editors, rather than just mentioning latexmk (not the only thing + wrong with that answer) + (subsection{Document management}): mention autolatex in q-make + +2007-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): sanity + adjustment in q-flushboth ("latest version" was 2003) + +2007-10-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): q-biblatex from + add-general + (section{Current \TeX{}-related projects}): minor edit to q-luatex + + * dirctan.tex: amsrefs now on m/l/c + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): declare + that amsrefs is currently supported; while this seems true (as a + phenomenon) i wonder whether it's a good thing to rely on... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): diddle with + q-xetex + +2007-09-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add dir excel2latex + + * filectan.tex: remove the .zip distro of excel2latex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): reword text about + readme files in q-install-unpack + +2007-09-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): correct references to new installation qs + +2007-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16z-1, today + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): bunch of answers from add-general, + replacing most of the section + +2007-09-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): "carefule" corrected ;-) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): lots of work + on q-what-tds and q-install-where, to clarify what's going on + +2007-09-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): more emphasis on ctan + supply of documentation, in q-gethelp + (subsection{Document management}): a bit extra on changes.sty in + q-changebar (whole question needs reviewing) + (section{Documentation and Help}): ctan supply of docs, again, in + q-man-latex + +2007-08-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-entercompmode + and q-checksum from add-general + +2007-08-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): updated uk address for sciword + +2007-08-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add a warning about + mailing inappropriate people in q-gethelp + (section{Current \TeX{}-related projects}): the project is latex, not + latex3 -- correct some of the text of q-latex3 + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): mention the use of + \phantomsection in q-tocbibind + + * dirctan.tex: amslatex-primer moved to info/amslatex/primer, now + +2007-08-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): add ref to mathpazo on + ctan, in q-osf + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): new + q-figurehere from add-general + +2007-07-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of AllTeX}): restored "\" to + "acro" in q-virtualfonts + +2007-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): typo in + q-struttab, spotted by karl b + +2007-07-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): extend typo examples, + and tidy coding, in q-altabcr + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): rationalise, reduce range + of overlapping recommendations in q-tabcellalign + +2007-07-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add cmolddig, eco + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): write + more on biblatex in q-biblatex + (subsection{Odds and ends}): mention vf access in q-osf + +2007-07-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): first + stab at new q-biblatex + + * dirctan.tex: add biblatex and amsrefs; remove dvi2xx and dvilj4, + correct lollipop + +2007-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): editorial tidies of + q-writecls, mention clsguide.pdf + +2007-07-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-17, today; add axel sommerfeldt to list + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): add further text in q-hyperdupdest, + as suggested by axel sommerfeldt + +2007-06-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): new q-osf + +2007-06-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v 3-16c-15, today; mention neto's input on numprint in + list of helpers + + * dirctan.tex: add numprint + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention numprint + in q-dec_comma + +2007-06-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add texlive + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): add details of a mactex mailing + list in q-texsystems + +2007-06-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): mention fragility of \url in + q-verbwithin + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention lack of robustness in + q-seturl, and explain use of \urldef to deal with the problem + +2007-06-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: yet another small typo (in the fail branch, this time) + + * filectan.tex: add mil-short (gratzer's offering) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add gratzer's short + course to q-man-latex + +2007-06-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): editorial correction + of q-optionclash + +2007-06-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: check for etex + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): add some + actual text to q-inst-tidy and q-what-tds + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-entercompmode + +2007-06-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): editorial + in q-install-where and q-inst-wlcf + + * dirctan.tex: correct fptex link (even though nothing now uses it...) + +2007-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): flynn's classes.dtx + article now rev., in tub (q-writecls) + +2007-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): mention texshop in mactex distr, + in q-editors + (section{TeX Systems}): deal with oztex and cmactex's relation to os/x + (so far as i understand what's going on) in q-texsystems + +2007-05-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Generic macros and techniques}): complete + and clarify q-ovwtsym + +2007-05-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \xetex + + * faq.sty: add \xetex + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-15, today + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): xetex is available in texlive + and will be in miktex 2.7, mention bidi capabilities in q-xetex + +2007-05-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): extend and make less + abrupt the stuff of q-latextoplain + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): trying to bed + this set of answers down -- work on several of the questions + +2007-05-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-14, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): attempt to clarify q-minxampl + +2007-05-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): tidy the two + references to nicola talbot in q-man-latex + +2007-05-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-13, today + (subsection{Metafont fonts}): hack at q-getbitmap to hint that bitmap + fonts aren't really the world's prime concern any more + +2007-05-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): list zref's options + in q-nameref + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): correct error in q-errmissitem + (inserted yesterday at home :-( ) + +2007-05-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): discuss lists inside + tables, in q-errmissitem + +2007-05-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): miktex stuff + given a bit of a going-over in q-install-where (plus a few + consequential changes + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \textbackslash{} + +2007-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): expand details of enumitem in + q-complist + +2007-05-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): expand on enumitem stuff in + q-interruptlist (it _does_ allow nested interruptions ... sort of + +2007-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-12, today + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): new q-latexqual from add-general + (subsection{Mathematics}): new q-mathonlyref from add-general + +2007-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Macros for using fonts}): mention that eplain + doesn't do font selection in q-fonts-pln + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): editorial on q-atsigns + +2007-05-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: use &[lr][sd]quo; in decorating text + + * dirctan.tex: add pdcmac + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Macros for using fonts}): mention pdcmac in + q-fonts-pln + +2007-05-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * locations.mk: correct path to cgi, tidy + +2007-05-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: escape characters in keyword strings + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \extension + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): mention grffile package + in q-unkgrfextn + + * faq.sty: add \extension command + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-11, today + +2007-05-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: redo decoding of % in code reading switches + + * faq.sty: correct typo + +2007-04-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add pictex(!) and texlive + + * faq.sty: add def of \texlive + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-10, today + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add a pointer to context + resources in q-slidecls + (throughout): typeset variants of texlive -> \texlive{} + +2007-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove tetex-beta, tetex to point at obsolete/ tree + + * filectan.tex: add bibtex-faq + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): mention ar scaling issues in + q-papersize, and tidy rest of text, too + (section{Documentation and Help}): remove unnecessary conditionals in + q-gethelp + (section{Documentation and Help}): tidy q-bibtexing, add reference to + btxfaq + +2007-04-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (inst-perl[-beta]): everything on standard web server, use + cp -p instead of copy -t, adjust help + +2007-04-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: version 3.16c-9, today + (subsection{Footnotes}): rewrite answer q-ftnsect + (section{TeX Systems}): update bluesky information in q-commercial + +2007-04-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): stick some + text in q-install-doc + +2007-04-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): further + clarification of options in q-install-find + (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): flesh out answer + q-install-unpack, elaborating on what appears in q-dtx + (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): new q-install-doc placeholder + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-8, today + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): tidy up refs to ltxtable in + q-fixwidtab + +2007-04-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * newfaq-patch.tex: add patch option to \documentclass + + * faq.cls: deal with option patch, produce different page footer if so + +2007-04-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): mention bigfoot in q-multfoot + +2007-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): correct + \dots (with no {}) in q-ltxabbrv + +2007-03-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-7; remove all references to package web2c + +2007-03-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove web2c, web2c* + + * filectan.tex: remove unixtex.ftp, correct protext + +2007-03-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): tops-20 ftp link regularised + (section{Acquiring the Software}): redo description of ctan sites, + with alternative versions for hyper (wide) and non-hyper (narrow) + version in q-archives + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): \FTP to accept braced args only + +2007-03-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): another thrash at q-texsystems + +2007-03-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c, today + (throughout): remove traces of tetex, and rewrite as necessary + +2007-03-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): redo q-cd to talk + about the tex collection, rather than just tex live + (section{TeX Systems}): work (so far) on unix, linux and win32 + (win32 contains a line of "+++..." to follow on with) + +2007-03-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-5, today + (section{The Background}): 2^16->2^15 in q-etex (!) + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): replace q-newfont with q-newfont* from + add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): replace q-plninltx with + q-plninltx* from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): new q-fontsize from add-general + (subsection{Footnotes}): new q-run-fn-nos from add-general + +2007-03-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: attempts at introducing some sanity into the + search code; notably unsuccessful, to date + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): proof-reading + corrections in q-run-fn-nos, q-newfont*, q-plninltx* and q-fontsize + +2007-03-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: as for texfaq2html-beta + + * texfaq2html-gamma: as for texfaq2html-beta + + * texfaq2html-beta: add new *-names to %label_to_file + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): new q-fontsize, + q-plninltx* and q-newfont* (three questions from the old 2 non-*) + +2007-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * CHANGES-3.16d: revised q-running-nos + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): restore + commented-out hack above q-ltxabbrv; it's not clever and it's not + pretty, but the printed output is less awful than without the hack + +2007-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): recommend chngctr + first, the two fragment alternatives second in q-running-nos + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): new q-run-fn-nos + +2007-03-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: modest doodling + +2007-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): odd tinkering + with answers in this section -- needs concerted attack + +2007-02-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): new q-fontsize, to meld + with (new) q-plninltx* and q-newfont* + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): make mention of + lua itself in q-luatex into a hyperref + +2007-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: add \LuaTeX + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-4, today + (section{The Background}): rewrite of q-context from Aditya Mahajan + (intro): Aditya Mahajan in list of helpers + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): tidy luatex thing a bit, add + link to luatex.org site + +2007-02-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): correct typo in q-limits + (introduced, but change not documented, on 2007-01-30) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): new q-mathonlyref + +2007-01-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Mathematics}): more detail about "ad hoc" operators in + q-newfunction + +2007-01-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Introduction}): make links to pdf copies \CTANhref + +2007-01-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add changes + remove nonfree from bakoma-tex, dvi2tty, foiltex + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Document management}): mention changes pkg in q-changebars + +2007-01-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: list listbib and biblist + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Manipulating whole bibliographies}): mention listbib and + biblist in q-nocite* + +2007-01-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * newfaq-patch.tex: input additions (!) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct ctan ref for + pictex-summary + +2007-01-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-3, today + (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): mention microtype's + letterspace.sty in q-letterspace + +2007-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * patchdates.tex: pl4.14, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-checksum + +2006-12-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add pictex-summary + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-2, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): pictex summary in q-docpictex + +2006-12-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): correct text about + ispell vs. aspell + +2006-12-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + *** released *** + + * Makefile ($(WEB_BETA)*): use cp rather than copy (!) + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add \narrowonly, \wideonly + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c-1, today (for release) + +2006-12-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * letterfaq.tex: do the single column trick here too, for letterfaq.pdf + +2006-12-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (everything up to section{Graphics}): use \Qref* when + appropriate, using \narrowonly, \wideonly as necessary + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \narrowonly, \wideonly + + * faq.sty: define \narrowonly, \wideonly + +2006-12-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): major edits to q-acrobat, + following cogent comments from karl berry + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): liberal use of \qref* makes q-dvips-pdf + more nearly comprehensible, when read as pdf + + * dirctan.tex: add dvipdfmx, gv + + * newfaq-patch.tex: make pdf output single column, as in newfaq.tex + +2006-12-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c + + * faq.sty: bludgeon \CTANhref in pdf mode + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16b-6, today + (subsection{Document structure}): put titlesec and sectsty into + different paras, offer rationale for choice om q-secthead + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): mention \@dblarg in + q-oarglikesect + +2006-12-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: shiny new *longer* path for btxmac + +2006-12-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): correct typos in + ctanrefs in q-music + +2006-12-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): correct reed.edu link, + thanks to barbara b + +2006-11-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): make an itemised + list of alternative styles in q-citeurl, add babelbib to list + +2006-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): add two more + examples in q-bibprefixsort + +2006-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16b-5, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): reference kmf's page about pgf/tikz + +2006-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16b-4, today + (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): \linestretch -> + \linespread (per ulrike fischer) in q-linespace + +2006-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): correct sciword uk phone nos in + q-commercial + +2006-11-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add everypage and draftwatermark; correct wd2latex, + remove wasy and xymtex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): mention draftwatermark (and + its everypage) in q-watermark + +2006-11-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): ctan ref for mptopdf + in q-mpprologues + + * dirctan.tex: add pdftex-graphics + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): mention "h" response + in q-optionclash + +2006-11-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): new + q-figurehere + +2006-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (preamble): today's date; input archive.cfg regardless of + whether we're using pdf + + * faq.sty: yet more baroquery towards \CTANhref + +2006-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): ref to vis faq in "how to use" + + * faq.sty: new command \CTANhref works for dvi version so far; + no longer requires \Status for pdf working, uses ifpdf pkg instead; + a fair bit of more minor tidying + +2006-11-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): example + code in {quote} in q-vertspacefloat and q-mcfloat + +2006-11-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention the + case of multirow-multicolumn in q-multirow + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): new q-isdef from + add-general + +2006-11-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): correct \cmdinvoke{c}{arg1}{arg2} + sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): -beta works, so correct here too + +06-11-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): bunch + of editorials in q-isdef + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): tidy narrow layout of + example, add wide version and hack at words a bit in q-ovwtsym + +2006-10-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Generic macros}): \csx{relax} in place of + \relax(!) in q-isdef + + * dirctan.tex: add pspicture + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): correct ctan ref for pspicture + +2006-10-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date, v3.16b-3 + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): dot \makeat* liberally around + examples in q-running-nos + +2006-10-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): draftcopy doesn't work with + pdflatex (in q-watermark) + +2006-10-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: version 3.16b-2, date now iso format (with hyphens) + + * patchdates.tex: pl4.13, date now iso format (with hyphens) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Generic macros and techniques}): new + q-ovwtsym from a post by enrico gregorio (latest instance of an + oft-repeated answer) + +2006-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@pb000.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN: basis of mechanism to install CHANGES files + +2006-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: sigh...merge in intro patch from texfaq2html-beta + + * dirctan.tex: add figflow + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16c, today + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): add figflow for plain, tidy + some of the ghastly verbatim in q-textflow + +2006-10-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.16b-1, today + (section{Format conversions}): correct address for stil, in q-sgml2tex + +2006-10-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): updates from -beta + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16b, today + +2006-09-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{``Generic'' macros and techniques}): new + q-isdef + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): move \csx before text shape + changing commands, so we can have emphasised control seqq + +2006-09-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): misspelling of + corrollary (over and over again) in q-addtoreset + +2006-09-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): reference testflow in + q-dvips-pdf + (section{Documentation and Help}): link to q-dvips-pdf in tutbitslatex + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): trivial editorials in q-acrobat + (section{Documentation and Help}): remove caveat about epslatex in + q-tutbitslatex + +2006-09-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16a-6, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): add the word "minimal" (to assist + searching - suggestion from brooks moses) and tidy q-minxampl a bit + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-optionclash from add-general + +2006-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): mention + nicola talbot's experimental jpgfdraw in q-poster + +2006-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): rewrite q-texinfo + +2006-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): yet more fun + with q-optionclash + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16a-5, today + (throughout): t1 and ot1 done consistently (remains to check other + encodings like t2 series, etc) + (section{Installing AllTeX files}): correct \latinfamily in + q-instt1font + +2006-09-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): rewrite + recommendations for q-optionclash + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): add + \makeatletter to example in q-ltxcmds + +2006-09-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): add + q-optionclash + +2006-08-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * check-ctan-lists: add miktex-setup to list of known links + + * dirctan.tex: correct dvipaste + + * filectan.tex: correct miktex-setup, metafp-pdf + +2006-08-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): q-omegaleph tidy-ups in + q-texfuture, q-books, q-texsystems + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): q-omegaleph and q-luatex from + add-general + +2006-08-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): minor + editorial on q-luatex + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): typo in q-whatpdftex + +2006-08-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16a-4, today + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): rehash q-virtualfonts + + * faq.sty: make \htmlonly careful about spacing (thought experiment led + to this -- don't know that it's actually a concern) + +2006-08-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: lots more diddling (trying to get all keys into a + hash, and working from there ... not successful) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): suggestion from donald for \raisebox + alignment of graphics in q-topalign + +2006-08-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: yet more thrashing about + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): other reasons for the + error in q-hyperdupdest + (_the_ list): add iain murray + +2006-08-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: further extension of yesterday's fun; added + ?intro(duction) [needs work on texfaq2file] and more debugging + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): tidy + q-omegaleph, extend q-luatex and (hopefully) make it more coherent + +2006-08-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): new + questions (rather, bases for questions) q-omegaleph and q-luatex + + * faqbody.tex: version 3.16a-3, today + (section{TeX Systems}): different instructions for miktex installation + in q-texsystems + (subsection{Footnotes}): change ctan link for perpage in q-footnpp + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): change ctan link for perpage in + q-addtoreset + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention lilypond in q-music + (subsection*{Origins}): add comment to contributor entry about dak, + remove the silly footnote about full stops + + * filectan.tex: correct epsf (should be link to dir?), metafp, + metafont-for-beginners, miktex-setup (not *right*...); delete + miktex-install, perpage + + * dirctan.tex: correct arabtex, cellspace, dvipaste pst-pdf, texindex; + add epsf + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): spelling error in + q-paraparam + + * texfaq2html-gamma: done a debugging session; add search-box + switching; add a modicum of doc in comments; allow to be run from + command line (editable pointer) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): capa_bi_lities (!) + +2006-08-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16a-2, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): add tug font resources to + q-tutbitslatex + +2006-08-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): correct spelling of separate & derivatives + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): new + q-latexqual for nag, texidate + + * dirctan.tex: add a (multilingual, as it were) browsable l2tabu + +2006-08-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): correct + typo in, and editorial on q-atsigns + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate \LaTeX{} (!) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): correct + sample code and slick up descr slightly, in q-minitoc + (subsection*{Origins}): mention Jean-Pierre Drucbert in _the_ list + +2006-08-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): delete doubling of "the" (!) + +2006-08-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): rewrite the note + about maths fonts in q-ecfonts + +2006-08-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): tweak wording + slightly + + *** release 3.16a *** + +2006-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: separate section for searches, trim final else + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): correct current mf version no + +2006-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16a, today + +2006-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): extend q-filename with + a simpler file-name saver, and show how to strip .tex from fink + filenames + + * texfaq2html-beta: more careful about \section test for end of intro + +2006-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): stupidity + in q-cmdstar, spotted by Kasper van den Berg + +2006-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): typo in q-enumerate spotted by + Samuel Lelievre + +2006-06-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.16, today + + * sanitize.pl: bring up to date with sanitize-beta.pl + + * texfaq2html-gamma: remove %SymbolChar table + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): typo in q-tutbitslatex + (wideversion only, so only now detected) + +2006-06-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Creating citations}): q-whatbst from add-general + (subsection{Macros for using fonts}): (new subsection) q-fonts-pln from + add-general + (section{Graphics}): new q-repeatgrf from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): proof-reading + corrections of q-whatbst + +2006-06-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Fonts}): proof-reading corrections in + q-fonts-pln + (subsection{Graphics}): proof-reading corrections in q-repeatgrf + +2006-06-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): mention dvips version, and + add missing pdf bit in q-repeatgrf + +2006-06-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): mention graphicx-psmin + + * dirctan.tex: add graphicx-psmin + +2006-06-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): first stab at + body for q-install-find + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): new q-gutter from add-general + (subsection{Common errors}): new q-matchbrak from add-general + +2006-06-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): skeleton of + new installation question structure + +2006-06-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): editorial tidying of q-graphicspath + plus emphasise the need for trailing slash on \graphicspath dirs + (section{Graphics}): minor editorial in q-graph-pspdf q-mpprologues too + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): editorials on q-bibstrtl + +2006-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \subsection* (i.e., + ignore it, for intro \latexhtml command) + + * faqbody.tex: version 3.16alpha, today + (section{Introduction}): rearrange to limit the amount we need to show + on the web by default + +2006-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date -- rehash the intro + +2006-06-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): actual text for + q-gutter + + * additions.tex: let's change patch version and date, for once! + +2006-06-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): add smith's latex for logicians to + q-tutbitslatex + (section{TeX Systems}): make ref to w32tex, move dos & os/2 offerings + down below win32 in the doc (q-texsystems) + +2006-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): comment-out + q-dvipdfmgraphics* -- seems to have been a mistake + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): restructure the list of + related answers in q-changemargin with an intersticial remark + (subsection{Page layout}): develop and extend q-chngmargonfly + +2006-06-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date in preamble + (subsection{Page layout}): split Q-changemargin into intro and 3 bits + of detail + +2006-06-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): a huge start on + new q-gutter (i.e., wrote \Question command) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): start of rehash of + q-changemargin + +2006-06-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add cellspace + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention + cellspace in q-struttab + +2006-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): give framed a + paragraph of its own in q-changebars + +2006-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): no longer mention + troff-to-latex in q-fmtconv + + * dirctan.tex: add moderncv + chappg,mathdots,shade from filectan; correct pst-pdf; delete tr2tex, + troff-to-latex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): refine the + statement about europecv, in q-cv + (section{TeX Systems}): redo note on y&y in q-commercial + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): mention moderncv in q-cv + +2006-05-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): simplify q-xetex + and mention xetex for linux + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): remove q-pdftex + + * faq.sty: another iteration of ctanrefs: sanitising isn't right, since + we often have real commands in there, so use \scantokens -- which + means we need always to use an e-tex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): "simple minded" example + now no longer uses 2.09 fonts in q-secthead + +2006-05-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): add qualifier to actions of + distributors in q-triptrap + + * dirctan.tex: add a2ping, sam2p + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): tidy q-dvipsgraphics, add + sam2p/a2ping as alternatives for bitmaps + +2006-05-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Fonts}): new q-fonts-pln + + * faq.sty: \@onelevel@sanitize \item args in ctanrefs env + + * dirctan.tex: add ec-plain, font_selection, fontch, plnfss and ofs + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): stupid logo macros in xemtex + description + +2006-05-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add labelcas + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): get q-poster + from add-general + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): get q-newfont from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): mention labelcas package in + q-labundef + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): mention + multicol for "unadorned" a0poster-posters in q-poster + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): tidy up (and extend) q-ecfonts + +2006-05-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Acquiring the Software}): mention bytopic.html in q-findfiles + +2006-05-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): q-poster + + * dirctan.tex: add sciposter, a0poster, flowfram + +2006-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): add chris harrison's book to + q-man-latex + +2006-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): add \href to berlios site, and + make link to CTAN rather than old site + +2006-05-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): elide all reference to + "quote site index" from q-findfiles + +2006-04-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): correct recipe given in + Q-seccntfmt + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): correct link to map update stuff + in miktex in q-instt1font and q-uselmfonts + +2006-04-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): yet another tidying of \cmdinvoke + +2006-04-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention tex-ptr-faq in + q-wherefaq + (section{You're still stuck?}): correct bnb's address in q-bug + +2006-04-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): annotation at end of + q-noline to mention other instances that could need covering + +2006-04-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention bernard + gaulle's faqs in q-wherefaq; emphasise that the fr.c.t.t one is no + longer in the land of the living [check!] + +2006-04-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-matchbrak + +2006-04-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): new q-doc-wiki from add-general + (section{Documentation and Help}): link q-doc-wiki in q-tutorials* + (section{The Background}): new q-whatpdftex from add-general + (throughout): refs to q-pdftex -> q-whatpdftex + +2006-03-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + + * sanitize-beta.pl: couple of changes to introduce quoteverbatim + + * faq.sty: add quoteverbatim environment, for verbatim output of + verbatim environments (used by new q-verbwithin, of course) + + * examples/verbwithin.tex: new file + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): extend description of + failures of verbatim environment, in q-verbwithin + +2006-03-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): new address for pstricks site in + q-drawing and q-labelfig + + * dirctan.tex: remove ps4pdf, add pst-pdf + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Graphics}): ps4pdf->pst-pdf in q-pdftexgraphics, new address + for hv's web stuff + +2006-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * locations.mk: add HTMLDIR, HTMDIR_GAMMA and GAMMADIR + + * Makefile: remove inst-html target, add inst-gamma + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): translate both double and single + quotes to entities + (sanitize_line): make \end{quote} issue a <p> for the benefit of the + css mechanisms in -gamma + + * texfaq2file: use sanitize-beta + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Background}): iterate q-whatpdftex + +2006-03-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): braces around + \multirow *s (distinction without a difference...) + +2006-03-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): update details for wheildon in + q-typebooks + +2006-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): minor rewording of q-bibinline + +2006-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with dviversion and pdfversion + (sanitize_line): deal with --- => — -- => – + + * faqbody.tex: today's date on first line + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention visualFAQ in q-wherefaq + + * filectan.tex: add visualFAQ + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): yet another minuscule + iteration of q-texpronounce + +2006-03-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): mention .pool, .fmt, + .base and .mem locations, tidy text a bit, in q-wherefiles + +2006-03-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): typo in q-changebars + (section{Creating citations}): tidy up q-bibinline a bit more + +2006-02-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): cut q-dvips down + to its bare bones (whole section needs a going-over) + (subsection{Hyphenation}): correct typo in q-hyphexcept + +2006-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Creating citations}): sort out *my* + understanding of footbib, in q-bibinline + +2006-02-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention urs oswald's + things in q-mfptutorials + +2006-02-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): mention the + koma-script facilities in q-oddpage + +2006-02-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf10@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Common errors}): "typeset" page number rather than + "set" page number in q-wrongpn + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): remove snide comment about + tex2bib documentation -- it's standard now + +2006-02-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * README: try to avoid the contradictions; may need to take poli's + advice more nearly wholesale... + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Graphics}): redo ref to epslatex in q-impgraph + + * filectan.tex: ref epslatex -> epslatex_pdf + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention zoonekynd's + series in q-tutbitslatex, and reorganise references to epslatex (given + we're supposed to have source rsn) + +2006-02-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Graphics}): mention psfragx in q-labelfig + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): mention "eps" as an abbr, + in q-eps (seems it's never previously been used!) + +2006-02-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{You're still stuck?}): improve layout of q-noans, tidy + text a bit + + * filectan.tex: add xampl-bib + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): new q-whatbst + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention tikz in q-drawing + +2006-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Adobe Type~1 fonts}): minor typo in q-usepsfont + (subsection{Common errors}): breakurl patches \url by default in + q-breaklinks + (section{Introduction}): add vilar camara neto to list + +2006-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today, note more input from ulrike f + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): extend \DefaultOpt + example in q-oarglikesect + +2006-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date, note chris walker's further contribution + (subsection{Mathematics}): add \operatorname to q-newfunction + + * dirctan.tex: add ite + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): correct pstricks homepage link, + and add reference to ite in q-labelfig (Chris Walker) + +2006-02-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Getting things to fit}): re-describe mathspic + to tally with current reality + + * dirctan.tex: correct paths of mathspic, bdfchess + + * filectan.tex: correct tex2bib paths (2 off) + +2006-02-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): new q-doc-wiki + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): mention multenum in q-complist + + * dirctan.tex: add multenum + +2006-01-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct url (and name) + for the note on ptex in q-tutbitslatex + +2006-01-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): gosh -- a mention of + quote site index, still...removed from q-findfiles + +2006-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): hack around + at the text about includex, and add newclude + +2006-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add rotfloat + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Page layout}): mention rotfloat in q-rotating + +2005-12-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): mention verbatim environment + in the intro to q-verbwithin + +2005-12-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Background}): new q-whatpdftex (just + a start, so far) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): change title of "making \mp output + display..." + +2005-12-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date, v3.15b + +2005-12-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove rogue character on keywords + line + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): restore lost text to + q-parallel (from RCS file :-}) + +2005-12-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add ttb-pdf + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add ttb to q-bibtexing + +2005-12-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add bidstobibtex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): make ref to + bids.to.bibtex in q-buildbib + +2005-11-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): new url for andy + roberts' latex page + +2005-11-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove code for \symbol + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): correct links in + q-latex3 + (section{TeX Systems}): remove fptex, add xemtex + (section{Acquiring the Software}): replace fptex with protext in q-cd + (throughout): remove all remaining fptex options + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): don't use \symbol in + q-activechars + (subsection{Common errors}): do away with \symbol for underscore in + q-verbwithin (also rename \bs to \us for underscore, in the example) + +*** RELEASE 3.15 *** + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl: attempts to solve the $symbolchar + lunacy (failed) + + * faqbody.tex: 3.15a, today's date (already: at 10am!) + (section{Symbols, etc.}): \_ for underscores in q-underscore + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): correct urls in q-latex3 + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2file: correct *-list + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add changes from -beta + +2005-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add mactex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): new q-formbiblabel from + add-general + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): new q-varwidcol from + add-general + (header): v3.15, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): suppress link to mimi's documentation + at fsu -- they've removed it already, the fools + (section{Documentation and Help}): add ref to memoir manual in + q-typo-style + (section{TeX Systems}): mention mactex on ctan + +2005-11-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file,texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2html-gamma: add + maillists* to translation list + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): new q-maillists* from + the rest of the old q-maillists (leaving a few bits out, admittedly) + +2005-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): build q-gethelp from + the old q-maillists + +2005-11-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): reword (not change) advice in + q-errmissitem + (subsection{Mathematics}): new q-brkinline from add-general + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): new q-srchpdf from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): change recommendation + to fix-cm in q-newfont, but retain mention of type1cm/ec for old latex + dists + + * filectan.tex: add fix-cm (path to file) + +2005-11-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): editorial work on + q-seccntfmt and q-labundef + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): sort out order of \cmdinvoke* + patterns + +2005-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): emphasise internal + commands in q-seccntfmt + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): reword to avoid blame + on the companion, and to use a tlc2 example in q-atsigns + + * filectan.tex: get abstract.bst from biblio/bibtex/utils/bibtools + rather than contrib + +2005-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: point lucida at new metrics, add lucida-psnfss + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type~1 fonts}): reinstate lucida + bright/math and add link to karl's interim web page + +2005-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): iteration + of q-varwidcol + (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): iteration of q-srchpdf + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): tinkering with + q-aleph (needs rewrite to eliminate ref to q-omega, which is destined + to go some time soon + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): change link for + type1cm (shouldn't this be fix-cm?) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): new + answer q-ltxhash from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): was (confusingly) described as + techniques, too + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-errparnum and q-fllost from + add-general + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): move q-hyphen up above q-dtx + (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): new q-clsvpkg from add-general + +2005-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): new + q-varwidcol + +2005-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): mention alternative + locations for .map files following new tds, bit of editorial work + (section{Documentation and Help}): reinstate link to bausum's stuff in + q-ref-doc + +2005-11-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: axodraw is a directory now + + * filectan.tex: remove axodraw, correct finplain + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): correct path for + textcase in q-casechange + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): correct path for tabulary + in q-tabcellalign and q-fixwidtab + + * dirctan.tex: add tabulary,textcase + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): add q-etex from add-general, + and edit it a bit + (throughout): remove references to q-nts, in favour of q-etex + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): dump q-nts + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): rewrite antecedent text in + q-aleph + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): ref to q-tutorial -> + q-tutbitslatex in q-repeatgrf + + * Makefile (PATCH): remove add-tutorial + + * dirctan.tex: add cmap + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): add q-srchpdf + +2005-11-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma,texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2html,texfaq2file: add + q-tutorials* to %label_to_file initialisation + + * faqbody.tex: v3.14c, today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to syropoulos' book + (section{Documentation and Help}): replace q-tutorials with + q-tutorials* and friends (fix up refs to q-tutorials from elsewhere) + + * add-tutorial.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): final + rearrangement and tidy; add the guide to ptex posted yesterday + + * faq.sty: pdfstartview=FitH since FitBH seems no longer to work with + AR7 or the latest pdftex or something + +2005-11-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Introduction}): add steve peter to contributors + (throughout): bunch of corrections from steve peter + +2005-11-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: load textcomp + + * dirctan.tex: add mutex + +2005-11-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * README: remove my name and email address + + * newfaq(-patch).tex,letterfaq.tex: null \author + + * texfaq2html(-beta),texfaq2file: remove claim that i'm involved with + maintenance + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): replace my name with "another idiot" + +2005-11-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-tutorial.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): yet more + rearrangement + +2005-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.14b, today + +2005-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: bbl2html and notex.bst moved + + * add-tutorial.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): more + rearrangement + +2005-11-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Hyphenation}): correct def of \hyph in + q-nohyph, do a bunch of quote-env stuff in whole subsection; also, + more enthusiastic wrapping of the quote about catalan + +2005-10-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): mention bracing to + suppress breaks in maths + +2005-10-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): suggest \textstyle/ + \displaystyle alternative for q-limits + +2005-10-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): extend q-breaklinks to cover + the toc/lof/lot... case, and to outline circumstances where there's no + help to be had + +2005-10-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: sort regex in opening of ?section= code + +2005-10-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): add the offered text to + q-acrobat; this question is a mess and needs rearranging (probably + splitting into two) + + * dirctan.tex: remove aix3.2, move miktexppc, miktex-AXP + + * texfaq2html-gamma: start work on index/fullindex switching + + * texfaq2file: secondary index now full-index.html + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): new q-etex + + * faqbody.tex: v3.14a.3, today + (section{TeX Systems}): mention texlive mac distro + +2005-10-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: more of same + + * texfaq2html-gamma: yet more twiddling + + * filectan.tex: epsf.tex moved + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \nolinkURL + +2005-09-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: restructure q_label_list + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): correct web addr + in q-extex + + * texfaq2file: iterate -w actions + +2005-09-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: patch and shade have moved + + * texfaq2html-gamma: label argument may be a list + +2005-09-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: letterspacing,backgrnd moved + +05-09-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): minor edits in q-type1T1 + (section{The Background}): revised q-eplain from Oleg Katsitadze + (<heading>): today's date, add katsitadze to credits + + * dirctan.tex: remove icelandic, which we weren't using + + * filectan.tex: mathdots has moved + +2005-09-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add luximono, microtype; move tip pointer + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Document structure}): new first para for q-fancyhdr + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): reword description of + \emergencystretch and discuss microtype in q-overfull + (subsection{Odds and ends}): add luximono to q-bold-extras + +2005-09-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add powerdot + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): mention + powerdot in q-slidecls + +2005-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: add \nolinkURL definitions + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): a proto-q-dvipdfmgraphics + redefinition (hrrumph) + +2005-09-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.14a.2 + (section{Introduction}): mention that the texlive version is no better + than the "current on the web" + + [interim web release 3.14a.1] + +2005-09-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{You're still stuck?}): faq-devel@tex.ac.uk in q-noans + +2005-08-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): all remaining miktex references via \miktex + +2005-08-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: correct pointers for the two epslatex entries + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): text about mpm in + q-miktexinst (and convert to \miktex in that question, where + appropriate) + +2005-08-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): tidy + \htmlignore stuff in q-textflow + +2005-08-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add talk + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add talk to + q-slidecls + +2005-08-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): new answer + q-clsvpkg on the distinction between classes and packages + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of (La)TeX}): change of section + name + +2005-08-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): try to avoid the acronym + ASCII except where necessary in q-toascii + +2005-08-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): minor editorial in + q-conditional + +2005-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-fllost + +2005-07-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): warn about non-latex bug + reports in q-latexbug and q-bug + (intro) v3.14a.1, today + +2005-07-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * README: faq->faq-devel in email addrs, except munged one for me in + sig line at bottom + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): remove "not doing away with + bumpy-road logos" comment, since i now have done so + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): sigh -- \\textless... + +2005-07-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): yet another iteration + of the < > translation fiasco + +2005-07-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add quotchap + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): add quotchap to q-epigraph and + rewrite intro to question somewhat. + +2005-07-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): faq->faq-devel in + q-newans + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): as -beta (now it's been tested ;-) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): sort out translations of <> when + not converting + +2005-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: remove inst-html target + (FAQ-html.tar.gz): make depend on html/index.html (does this do it?) + +2005-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.14a, today + (subsection{Document management}): boondoggle in q-rcs html output + + * faqbody.tex: v3.14, today + New version installed + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): mention static .zip files in + html-only bit about retrieving directories + (section{Acquiring the Software}): remove exact location names for + individual ctans, in q-archives + (section{Acquiring the Software}): rewrite the stuff about searching in + q-findfiles + +2005-07-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): add fancyhdr commands (to do + empty plain style) to q-ps@empty + + * texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2file: as texfaq2html + + * texfaq2html: switch .tar.gz and .zip in retrieval + +2005-07-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): add q-wrongpn and + q-breaklinks from add-general + (preamble) v3.13b.5, today + (subsection{Footnotes}): rewrite q-ftncapt, aiming for clarity (hah!) + (section{Acquiring the Software}): remove mention of ftpmail and finger + of ctan user + + * dirctan.tex: add breakurl + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): mention breakurl + in q-breaklinks -- looks as if this makes the answer usable... + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): correct + blatant error in q-tabcellalign (spotted by ulrike fischer) + (section{Introduction}): hack the note about the pdf version slightly, + add ulrike fischer to list of contributors + +2005-07-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add ref to + http://www.latex-einfuehrung.de/ in q-minxampl + +2005-06-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): correct advice on + over-long urls and url.sty in q-citeurl + +2005-06-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13b.4, tonight + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): add chris walker + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): \Qref* in q-dtx + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): \Qref* in q-tocloft + + * dirctan.tex: add revtex(!) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): note that mcite doesn't + play with revtex, in q-mcite + +2005-06-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention use + of pict2e in q-slashbox + +2005-06-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): slight editorial in q-bug + + * add-tutorial.tex: bunch of work, throughout, which seems not to have + been recorded or even copied to backed-up space before now... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): mention .map and + .enc trees, and alternative inputs such as .sto, .clo and .cfg in + q-wherefiles + + * filectan.tex: add nextpage + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): mention nextpage + package in q-reallyblank + +2005-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention pspicture as a superseded + package in q-drawing + (section{Documentation and Help}): slight iteration of q-pkgdoc + +2005-05-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): mention vertical spacing + inconsistencies in q-dolldoll + +2005-05-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): add philip + ratcliffe's fake-accent solution to q-bibtranscinit + (preamble): v3.13b.3 (ok, i don't know what i'm doing here...), today + (section{Introduction}): add philip ratcliffe to thanks list + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): add q-wrongpn + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): renamed + subsection, moved q-oarglikesect and q-twooptarg from "latex macros" + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): change name to "more + than one opt arg" + (subsection{LaTeX macro tools and techniques}): new q-cmdstar, from + add-general + +2005-05-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add q-minxampl + from add-tutorial + (section{Documentation and Help}): ref to q-minxampl from q-askquestion + (section{You're still stuck?}): ref to q-minxampl from q-latexbug + +2005-05-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro tools}): add q-plninltx (from + add-general), and split this of from the more simple stuff (now + subsection "latex macro techniques"); other ones in here are + q-atsigns, q-protect, q-edef, q-ltxcmds and q-ltxabbrv + + * faq.sty: remove spurious guff at start of ctanrefs env (was solemnly + forcing horizontal mode, thus confusing \addvspace at start of list) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): add q-formbiblabel + +2005-04-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add splitbib + + * faqbody.tex (section{References from articles}): mention splitbib in + q-multbib + +2005-04-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add placeins as a directory + + * filectan.tex: change beginlatex to its latest incarnation + remove placeins + +2005-04-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: make robust a few commands that get to appear in tocs + +2005-04-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: put correct cross question links if -w + + * texfaq2html-gamma: miscellaneous tidies from debugging session + +2005-04-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add clsguide + + * dirctan.tex: add makedtx + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): mention makedtx in + q-dtx; list clsguide.pdf in links + +2005-04-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type1 ("PS") fonts}): add mathdesign to + the list in q-psfchoice + +2005-04-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): correct + \csx{listfiles} to \Package{snapshot} (!) as data collection mech for + bundledoc, in q-filesused + +2005-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): minor editorial + to q-xspace + +2005-04-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): remove some text that's + crept in unawares to q-tmupfl + +2005-04-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-errparnum + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): a bit of + desultory macro-usage editing + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): new q-ltxhash + +2005-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-tutorial.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): (changed name + for the subsection) new answer q-minxampl + + * Makefile (PATCH): add add-tutorial (can't we automate this?) + +2005-03-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-errmissitem from + add-general + (section{Documentation and Help}): editorials on q-askquestion + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): minor + editorial to q-plninltx + +2005-03-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct path to obsolete/support/undump; point + umlaute at the latex package (rather than support/); remove umlaut + +2005-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): new q-newfont + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): use \font rather than \newfont + in examples in q-plninltx + +2005-03-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): lots more + fiddling with q-plninltx, including extending the font stuff + +2005-03-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): add example of + font encoding confusion arising from \newfont, in q-plninltx + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): have narrow/wideversion of one + example in q-cmdstar + +2005-03-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): mention javier's + checkend package in q-endingroup + +2005-03-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): editorial on + q-errmissitem, plus mention of \mbox, \makebox, \framebox + +2005-02-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): new q-brkinline + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): convert \< (never used) to + \textless, \> (ditto) to \textgreater ... so now i can use the beasts + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): mention \section + as another case of misbehaviour in q-errmissitem + +2005-02-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: rewrite \href (non-hyper version) so as to get quoting + actually right, and not to lose trailing spaces... + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention c2latex + in q-codelist (previously, the program was in ctanrefs only); also add + an actual recommendation for listings, but suggest the others may be + worth considering; add tgrind, sitting with lgrind + (section{Graphics}): rewrite item about mfpic, and add one about pgf, + in q-drawing + +2005-02-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new + q-errmissitem + +2005-02-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-tutorial.tex: add a subsection heading (who cares there are 10?) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): mention threeparttable in + q-ftncapt (suggestion by don arseneau) + +2005-02-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): reword etex + description in q-nts + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): new q-cmdstar + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \elatex and \miktex translation + + * faq.sty: add \elatex and \miktex commands + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): elatex as a progname-> + \elatex{} in q-endingroup + +2005-02-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): MiKTeX!!! + +2005-02-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): xdvi and xdvik are + no longer separate + + * dirctan.tex: delete xet,xdvik,hp2xx311; correct addindex + + * filectan.tex: correct pdftex, latexcount + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13b.1, today + + * filectan.tex: add vf-howto + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): mention virtual fonts + howto in q-virtualfonts + +2005-02-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: minor twiddling with default font loading; + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13b, today + + * texfaq2file: generate labels that go to the modified file names + rather than to the raw label name, in .aux scan + +2005-02-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): correct enumii->enumi in one + of the "recipes" in q-labelformat + +2005-02-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): \qref* for etex + and aleph in q-omega mention of aleph + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): remove rogue line break in + q-upquote + + * faqfont.cfg.ugm: new: for typesetting with urw garamond + + * faq.sty: require lmodern regardless (for sans fonts) + +2005-01-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct details for + ctan-ann, and mention mail-archive.com in q-maillists + (section{TeX Systems}): mention tetex mailing list (not -announce or + -pretest...), plus RSS feed, in q-texsystems + +2005-01-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): make clear that + 4spell comes from a package that's now defunct + +2005-01-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add pseudocode + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention + pseudocode package in q-algorithms + +2005-01-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: single file ispell (is this supportable?) + + * dirctan.tex: remove ispell + +2005-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add aspell + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): tidy up reference to + aspell in q-spell, given that it's now on ctan + +2005-01-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add svn, svninfo + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): add svn and svninfo to + q-rcs + +2005-01-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13a.1, today + (section{TeX Systems}): update sciword bumf from mail from mabb + (section{Documentation and Help}): typo in q-mfptutorials + (subsection{Particular font families}): typos in both q-uselmfonts and + q-concrete + (section{TeX Systems}): add a link to the y&y mailing list page at the + end of q-commercial + +2005-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13a + (subsection{Document management}): correction+more details of extract + package in q-conditional + +2005-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13, today (release) + +2005-01-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): add bbm and doublestroke, and + do various editorial changes (including pouring more derision on the + "lazy person's" macros) + + * dirctan.tex: add bbm-macros, doublestroke + +2005-01-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): mention that lm + fonts are already in tetex 3.0, and may (at least) be added to miktex + automatically, also bring updmap stuff up to date for miktex + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): same change in q-instt1font + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): editorials in q-miktexinst + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): mention non-standard things like + .cfg and .drv files in q-wherefiles + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): bring up-to-date with -beta + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \href* pattern + + * faq.sty: add * and quote detection to \href (non-hyper version; * + simply ignored \ifpdf) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): make reference to the + rutgers typography guidelines in q-tutorials + +2004-12-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add extract + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13rc2, today + (subsection{Document management}): mention extract.sty in q-conditional + +2004-12-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): more + work on q-sgml2tex* ... i'm bogging down here :-( + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): correct spelling of optparams + in q-twooptarg + +2004-12-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): replacement for + q-mathml from add-hammond (where it was q-mathml*) + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): move all the \URL entries to + body of q-textrace, and add link to fontforge + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 fonts}): remove mathtime, mathtime plus and + lucida; add mathtime pro + (section{TeX Systems}): correct details of personal tex inc from web + +2004-12-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): + mention inkscape in q-mathml*, as a free svg editor + (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): general other editorials + throughout q-mathml* + +2004-12-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add wallpaper + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): add wallpaper package to + q-watermark + +2004-12-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.13rc1, today + + * dirctan.tex: add metatype1 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): provide + sourceforge link to autotrace and potrace, and talk up mftrace in + q-textrace; also add description of metatype1 and change title of + question to emphasise that it covers a bunch of projects; remove + references to actual fonts in the ctanrefs list + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): make reference to metatype1 via + q-textrace, in q-type1t1 + +2004-12-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-tutorial.tex: new file: replacements for q-tutorials + +2004-12-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): yet + more editorials on q-sgml2tex* + +2004-12-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): edit- + orial work in both q-readml* and q-sgml2tex* + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): add xcomment with + example of use to q-conditional + +2004-12-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * 3.12a/faqbody.tex: v3.12a-p4, today + (subsection{Document management}): correct \includeversion -> + \includecomment in q-conditional (and install) + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a.9, today + (subsection{Document management}): correct \includeversion -> + \includecomment in q-conditional, and add an example + +2004-12-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): couple of typos in + q-marginparside, spotted by vladimir volovich + +2004-12-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): typo in q-papersize... + + * check-ctan-lists: distinguish linked files, + + * filectan.tex: correct path for protext + + * dirctan.tex: correct basix (yoyoy?) + +2004-12-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): editor + work on q-readml* + +2004-11-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): re- + write text around sgmls and stil in q-sgml2tex* + + * dirctan.tex: add euler-latex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): add mention of + euler package and eulervm to q-concrete + +2004-11-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add protext + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): mention protext + +2004-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): mention william hammond + (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): slight mod suggested by author + of dvipng to q-dvi-bmp + + * add-hammond.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): edit- + orial on q-mathml*, q-sgml2tex* + +2004-11-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (newfaq-patch.dvi,.pdf): run find-add-files + (clean): remove additions.tex, too + + * patchdates.tex: new; the patch levels that were mastered in + additions.tex; now pl4.12g, today + + * find-add-files: perl jiffy to find what add-* files exist just now, + and to create a suitable additions.tex + + * add-general.tex: remove hammond answers + + * add-hammond.tex: new, hammond revised answers + +2004-11-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{William Hammond's contributions}): add + q-mathml*, q-sgml2tex* and q-readml* + + * dirctan.tex: add gellmu and jadetex + +2004-11-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a.8, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): add c2latex to q-codelist + +2004-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: provide a definition for \textoslash + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): \textoslash for \o (but why does + perl substitution of \o not work?) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): \textoslash for \o + +2004-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \o{} + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): ant now has + insertions, so suggest it's worth investigating as a system. + (section{Introduction}): add morten h + +2004-11-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-ouparmd from + add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): editorials on + q-ouparmd + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): q-changemargin replaced by the + body of q-changemargin* from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): q-changemargin* editorials + + * dirctan.tex: add algorithmicx + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): add algorithmicx + to q-algorithms + +2004-11-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): mention parcolumns in + q-parallel, add examples + +2004-11-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Making things stay where you want them}): use + of infinite value for widow and club penalties in q-widow + +2004-11-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to jim's + one-person system web page, under tutorials (this question needs re- + working, methinks...) + +2004-11-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): new + q-subverttoks from add-general + (subsection{Creating citations}): q-i18nbib from add-general + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): q-rulethk from add-general + + * dirctan.tex: add bib2xhtml + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): correction for words about + plainpages=false, from dan luecking + (subsection{Manipulating whole bibliographies}): add bib2xhtml to + q-htmlbib + + * texfaq2file: missing </ul> before subsections in normal mode + +2004-11-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): ec-type1->tt2001 + in q-textrace + +2004-10-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: correct context-tmf to current location + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): correct pdftricks link in + q-pdftexgraphics + +04-10-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): mention bold csc fonts in + knuth-style t1-encoded fonts to q-bold-extras + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): add tt2001 to q-type1t1 + + * dirctan.tex: remove fonts/ps-type1/ec, add fonts/ps-type1/tt2001 + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a.7, today + +2004-10-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): provide morten's witty + example of the problems with \iffalse in q-conditional + +2004-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Hyphenation}): rejig q-newlang to mention the + use of texconfig to do the format rebuild in tetex + +2004-10-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): editorial on + q-extrabrace + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): as -beta + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \cmdinvoke*{cmd}[opt]{mand} and + \cmdinvoke*{cmd}[opt]{mand1}{mand2} + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): add reference to + \shortintertext in q-mathstext, and show how to do short intertexts + using flalign + + * dirctan.tex: add mh + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): add norbib to + q-i18nbib + +2004-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add dk-bib + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): add dk-bib to + q-i18nbib, and reorganise the list + +2004-10-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): excise european modern from + q-type1T1 + +2004-10-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): purge references to y&y + +2004-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): editorial, + particularly on q-virtualfonts + +2004-10-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention pstricks overlaying stuff in + q-labelfig + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-breaklinks + +2004-09-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): mention CH math + +2004-09-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.12a.6, today + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): minimum change to reflect + what's happened since john's omega bombshell, plus ref to aleph + (section{TeX Systems}): mention the miktex cd with miktex descr + (section{Acquiring the Software}): make q-cd talk about nothing but the + tex live distribution + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): describe etex as today's + thing, in the article on nts. + +2004-09-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): mention fourier in q-numbersets + +2004-09-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): q-atvert problem + happens in maths mode too + (section{Adjusting the typesetting}): add ctanref for fancyhdr in + q-reallyblank, supply missing text about memoir + +2004-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.12f, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): q-changemargin* (revision + from donald) + +2004-09-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a.5, today + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): merry upheaval of q-psfchoice + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): mention optparams in q-twooptarg + +2004-09-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): ha-prosper is + a package, not a class + +2004-09-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): mention eplain online docs and + mailing list + +2004-09-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add fourier and utopia + corrected swebib and elsevier entries + added bigfoot (for suffix.sty) + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a.4, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): add concrete examples of using + listings package + (subsection{Adobe Type1 ("PS") fonts}): add blurb about fourier + +2004-09-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): standardise on \ProgName{Perl} (note cap) + and \ProgName{Python} (all of one change) + + * dirctan.tex: add latexdiff, remove language, and resort in that area + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): mention latexdiff in + q-changebar + +2004-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): provide criterion for + choosing jurabib instead of footbib in q-bibinline + +2004-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): tidy up description + of byname in q-nameref + +2004-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): bring in parallel with sanitize.pl + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): \bsbs (twice) in q-varwidth + (subsection{Common errors}): \bsbs -> \texttt{\bsbs } in q-noline + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): \bsbs in q-altabcr + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): \bsbs in q-tabcellalign + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): make \bsbs gobble a single following + space + +2004-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): putative completion + of q-i18nbib + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): mention the wiki in q-context + +2004-09-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): bit more on + q-i18nbib -- probably more language contributions to be found, but + there's enough here for the time being + + * dirctan.tex: add spain and bib-fr + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): rewrite the + description of the custom-bib mechanism in q-custbib + +2004-09-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): start on q-i18nbib + + * filectan.tex: add finplain.bst + + * dirctan.tex: add bibgerm, swebib + +2004-08-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): new (tug) list address for + q-mp, and add reference to tug mp page + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-ouparmd + +2004-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ebib + multibbl, texpower now both in (regular) latex/contrib + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): add ref to ebib in + q-buildbib + +2004-08-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): new + q-rulethk + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): editorial, + q-destable, and add reference to memoir implementing booktabs commands + +2004-08-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): add karl berry's suggestion to + q-mathsize + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): editorial on q-tocbibind + +2004-08-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): correct + startling error in q-vertposfp (courtesy of donald -- i can't work out + how i came to write the original rubbish in the first place) + (section{TeX Systems}): correct address for truetex + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): mention truetex using type 1 + fonts under xp + +2004-08-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize[-beta].pl (sanitize_line): provide \mailto{} + +2004-08-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): editorial on + q-pspreview + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): editorial on q-psfchoice (more + remains to be done) + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): editorial on q-concrete + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): editorial on q-uselmodern + +2004-08-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Metafont fonts}): editorial on q-getbitmap + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): editorial on q-usepsfont + +2004-08-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a.3, today + (section{TeX Systems}): forward ref to q-buildbib from q-editors + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): refer to "specific font families" + in q-instfont + (throughout): \FontName|...| -> \FontName{...} + +2004-08-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): add mention of + JabRef + (section{The Background}): editorial on q-latexe + (section{The Background}): editorial on q-context + (section{The Background}): editorial on q-amspkg + (section{Acquiring the Software}): editorial (big time) on q-uploads + +2004-08-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): carry forward changes from non-beta + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): correct \Newsgroup{} + +2004-08-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): make all the variants of \cmdinvoke use + the <code>\\</code><code> trick we already have for \csx, to deal with + \@ problem + +2004-08-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add ziffer + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mend typo in q- + dec_comma, and add reference to ziffer + +2004-08-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): first stab at updating + package doc question + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): new + answer on \[ex]def -- going to need a lot more thought + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add link to edith + hodgen's magnum opus + +2004-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): superseded theorem.sty with + amsthm.sty in the quaintly named "roman theorems" answer + +2004-07-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.12a.2, today + + * filectan.tex: add voss-mathmode (again?!) + +2004-07-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add texniccenter + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): add texniccenter to q-editors + +2004-07-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add voss-mathmode + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): change \Newsgroup|...| -> {...} + (section{Documentation and Help}): refer to ctan version of herbert + voss' mathmode thing + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add closing </code> in + \marg (!), and allow \Newsgroup{...} + +2004-07-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.12a.1, today + + * 3.12a/faqbody.tex: pl2, today + (section{The Background}): 3.141592 + (various): remaining ctanrefs to enumitem + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): document \begin{enumerate}[resume] + from enumitem (and tidy up remaining ctanrefs to enumitem) + +2004-07-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN: remove all mention of -cm targets + +2004-07-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: remove -cm targets from "all" + + * faq.sty: use T1 encoding, times & luximono fonts, by default + +2004-07-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * 3.12a/faqbody.tex: change version to -p1, today's date (for web + release with enumitem directory correct) + +2004-07-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): correct tex version no, and + add link to copy of knuth's paper in maps archive + +2004-07-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add andy roberts' + stuff + +2004-07-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: move fonts/ps-type1/lm up one + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): change location of enumitem + + * dirctan.tex: add enumitem + +2004-07-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12a + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): editorial in q-patch + +*** RELEASE 3.12 *** + +2004-07-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): sigh -- narrowversion stuff in + q-mathstext + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): transfer change to table defs + + * faqbody.tex: v3.12, today + + * faq.sty: suppress \pdfavoidoverfull if the cs doesn't exist + add pdfstring disable command for \marg + +2004-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): q-slidecls + from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): suppress the stupid coding for this release + since adding the new answer has obviated the need pro tem + +2004-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): stupid coding to prevent + spacing silliness around q-ltxabbrv; this will need reviewing at every + release unless i can think of some better way around the problem + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): minor + tweak to slides question + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add cellpadding to <table> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): change address of + teencontrex (sent reply to prompt check whether the latest stuff + really is on ctan...) + (subsection{Mathematics}): point maths sizes at q-ltxabbrv + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): q-ltxabbrv from add-general + +2004-07-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): add pybliographer + to the list of "managers not on ctan" + 3.12RC2, today + +2004-07-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ppr-prv, ha-prosper + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): write up + prosper, with ppr-prv and ha-prosper + + * dirctan.tex: add pgf,xcolor + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): write up + beamer, add links for pgf and xcolor + +2004-07-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): new q-buildbib + from add-general + (subsection{Creating citations}): new q-usebibtex from add-general + (subsection{Common errors}): new q-zerochap from add-general + + * dirctan.tex: add ps4pdf + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention ps4pdf and pdftricks, and + reference voss' page for various support options + +2004-07-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): add texmaker after kile in + q-editors + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): elaborate situation of texindex + in q-makeindex, and add reference to ltxindex + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): write up the + bibtex db management systems + + * dirctan.tex: add xbibfile and btOOL + +2004-07-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Common errors} and elsewhere): adjust spacing of + ellipsis in question title + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-zerochap + + * faq.sty: debug \Qref*{}{}'' + +2004-07-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqfont.cfg.mbvj: add definition of \acro + +2004-07-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: adjust "null" \acro command so as not to gobble following + space in the toc! + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): work on + the slides question + +2004-07-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): correct + section number of companion reference + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): moved up to before fonts + (subsection{Document structure}): add section number for companion + reference + +2004-07-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.12e, today + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): two more editorials on q-ltxcmds + +2004-07-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add chapterfolder + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): add another example of trouble + to q-baselinepar + (subsection{Document management}): add chapterfolder to q-docotherdir + +2004-06-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html, texfaq2html-beta, texfaq2file: align all three with + sanitize changes + + * sanitize.pl: up to date with sanitize-beta + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): \path|...| -> \path{...} + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \path{...} + + * faqfont.cfg.mbvj: boldmath not available + + * faqfont.cfg.cmfonts: boldmath is available + + * faq.sty: define \ifboldmathavail and set false in default font setup + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): editorial on q-secnumdep + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): debugging and editorial on q-ltxcmds + (throughout): tidy \boldmath for question (etc) titles + +2004-06-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@mole.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): correct \href for + "highlight" home site + +2004-06-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-zerochap + +2004-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): q-extex and + q-xetex from add-general + (subsection{Hyphenation}): q-hyphexcept from add-general + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): q-tocloftwrong from add-general + (subsection{Page layout}): q-outszwrng from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): change \hline + in q-ltxabbrv (on the off-chance we can introduce this answer to the + running version) + (subsection{Current \TeX-related projects}): editorial on xetex + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): fiddle trying to make \hline equiv + commands show up in tables + + * faq.sty: define \acro conditionally in body of file; define it as + null (apart from \@) in default font setup, but not in cmfonts version + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): links for gwtex and texshop, + reword availability statements for oztex and cmactex (looks like the + only "generally" pre-macosX version is textures, now :-( ) + +2004-06-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.12RC1, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): rewrite highlight stuff to be + more upbeat about it (and to mention its valuable properties) + +2004-06-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): new q-subverttoks + +2004-06-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): missing \csx in q-fixnam + +2004-06-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): editorial + on q-ifpdf + +2004-06-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): use the + \relax trick in q-empty + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): move the zapping of \relax to after + that of {}, so that \cmdinvoke{cmd}{\relax} describes empty arg + +2004-06-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): first stab at + "abbreviations" answer (q-ltxabbrv) + +2004-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): ftpmail only at dante, + only one answer about searching, in q-archives + (section{Acquiring the Software}): mend ref in q-nonfree + (section{Acquiring the Software}): replace refs in q-uploads + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): ... and in q-instpackages + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): and in q-journalpaper + (subsection{Common errors}): jf contribution to q-verbwithin + +2004-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): replace q-findpkg, + q-siteindex and q-websearch by q-findfiles from add-general + (subsection{Common errors}): rewrite my\string_name in q-verbdef + +2004-06-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: version 3.11h, tomorrow + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Acquiring the software}): minor edits of + q-findfiles + +2004-06-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): q-ifpdf + from add-general + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new q-divzero, q-missbegdoc, + q-normalszmiss and q-manymathalph from add-general + (subsection{Creating citations}): new q-compactbib and q-bibtocorder + from add-general + +2004-06-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): new + q-xetex + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): \mailto|...| -> \mailto{...} + + * filectan.tex: add notoccite, remove tocunscite + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): typo in q-ifpdf + + * faqbody.tex (several places): deal with companion issues or mark + further work needed with ******** + + * dirctan.tex: add tlc2 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to tlc2 + examples + +2004-06-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: make \mailto accept either sort of arg, \ifpdf + +2004-06-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): tweak q-mathsize + +2004-06-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add fontmath and fontdef (in some order) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): clarification (one hopes) of + q-mathsize + +2004-06-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): warn about non-error in + q-verbwithin + +2004-06-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): emphasise + that \ifnoerror is a fantasy... + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): new q-ifpdf + +2004-06-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): tidy q-cv + +2004-06-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): mention amsmath in the \\ q + + * CHANGES-3.12: mention europecv + + * dirctan.tex: add europecv + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add europecv + to q-cv + +2004-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): comments + on "is it an integer" from donald + +2004-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): new + q-tocloftwrong dealing with numbers in toc and so on, basically just a + pointer to q-tocloft + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): refer aspirant authors + to tex books and to q-dtx + +2004-05-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): expand q-extrabrace a + bit, adding stuff about \caption and non-moving opt args + +2004-05-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove french-le and french-pro (not actually used, and + french-le has disappeared, at least temporarily) + + * filectan.tex: correct litprog-faq + comment-out compan-ctan + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct pointer to + voss's latex stuff (twice) + +2004-05-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): add keywords for + q-extrabrace (also touch up verbatim quoting) + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): mention definition of fragile commands in + lamport, and that some robust commands (e.g., \cite) get redefined + fragile + (section{TeX Systems}): mention texshop as an editor/shell for macos x + +2004-05-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): correction to + q-bibprefixsort from james szinger + +2004-05-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): first draft of "output + size wrong" + +2004-05-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): provide documentation, etc., links + for pstricks + +2004-05-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): correct maarten sneep's name + (subsection{Common errors}): correct the example in q-alreadydef + + * dirctan.tex: e4t moved to nonfree/ (though we don't use it...) + + * CHANGES-3.12: document 4alltex and miktex changes to faqbody + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): slightly more expansive about + kile, and a link to sourceforge in q-editors; also remove mention of + eddi4tex (defunct?) and the 4alltex cdrom + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 (postscript) fonts}): texlive 7 is no longer + the type example of a system that does dvips 5.90 (or better) + (section{Acquiring the Software}): mention the miktex cdrom (a good + deal, imo) + +2004-05-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): add keywords to + q-newlineargs + +2004-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (oh_dear): put an (obfuscated) mail address in the + message (does it need obfuscation?) + +2004-05-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with the table things + + * faq.sty: macros for use in tables + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): tabular for *name macros + +2004-05-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (throughout): get rid \cs usage + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): rewrite that nasty para in + q-texpronounce + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): correct use of \csx for \& + +2004-05-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.11f, today + (section{The Background}): another paragraph (shock!) to elucidate + the relationship to "technology" (i have a nasty feeling...) + +2004-05-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: redefine \csx to allow its argument to expand, remove \cs + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): use \symbol{95} for underscore + in several places + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): use \symbol{95} + + * texfaq2html-beta: remove symbol character table + + * sanitize-beta.pl: add symbol character table, with 95=>"_", remove + \cs + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): note bibdesk + (in comment) + +2004-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{\LaTeX{} macros}): reinstate minor changes + done here over the w/e + +2004-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): redo text at + start of q-codelist -- wasn't translating properly to html + + * faq.sty: squeeze list indentations a fair bit + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): enumerate->itemize wherever reasonable, + plus associated tidying of markup + +2004-05-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add the FILES.* requirements + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Acquiring the software}): q-findfiles + more or less complete + +2004-05-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Acquiring the software}): first serious + chunk of a q-findfiles to replace the existing three answers + +2004-05-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): fidgeting with the + "find stuff" answers; these ought all to be one :-( + + * filectan.tex: move T1instguide one directory down in the tree (nb, + keeping companion.ctan entry, even though the file's not on archive, + on the basis that i've to rewrite the file for ed.2) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): more hacking at + q-findpkg + +2004-05-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): removed the "more + dynamic is" rubbish from intro to lshort + (subsection{Mathematics}): tidying markup to avoid verbatim, use quote + env, in q-proof + (section{Acquiring the Software}): purge references to companion.ctan + +2004-04-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): allow narrow + version of \normalsize error message + +2004-04-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): new q-repeatgrf + +2004-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * CHANGES-3.12: mention mimetex reference + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX-related projects}): tidy up narrow + column stuff in q-mathml + +2004-04-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add MimeTeX + + * faqbody.tex: v3.11e, today + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): mention techexplorer as + introduction to mimetex in q-mathml + + * commands-to-define: add \addvspace (simplified defn) + +2004-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention + \tabularnewline in q-tabcellalign + +2004-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): whinge about age of emtex and + djgpp, suggesting users who want up-to-date systems need to go to + win32 :-( + + * dirctan.tex: emtexTDS now obsolete + +2004-04-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): mend markup in + q-bibplain + (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): markup in q-flushboth + (subsection{Page layout}): shambles in q-landscape + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): move \qref and + \cmdinvoke down below def of all "font-change-only" commands (things + that could be in args) + +2004-04-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): redo tex2bib + references in q-makebib + +2004-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add tex2bib entries (one for doc too) + + * dirctan.tex: remove incorrect tex2bib entry + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): added tex2bib + to q-buildbib + +2004-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): tidy markup of + q-siteindex + + * texfaq2file,texfaq2html-gamma,texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2html: add + symbol 94 for work on q-siteindex + +2004-04-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): q-manymathalph + complete (first pass) + +2004-04-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): a start to + q-manymathalph (interrupted by falling asleep...) + + * faqbody.tex: v3.11d, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to kindersley book in + q-typebooks + (section{Introduction}): added isaac khabaza to list + (section{Documentation and Help}): fourth edition of k&d, 2nd of tlc + (section{Documentation and Help}): sort out ~ in an \href line (twice) + +2004-04-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): deal with line- + broken \Qref command in q-seturl + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): it's M-Tx not M_Tx in q-music + + * Makefile.CTAN: drop stupid_names.sty + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): line up with changes to -beta + + * additions.tex: pl 4.12a, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.11c, today + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): q-altabcr from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-missbegdoc + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-normalszmiss + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove $...$ re, add \beta, \marg{} + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): replace $...$ with \ensuremath{...} + +2004-04-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): comment on relation to + grouping level errors in q-semanticnest + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): correct typo in + Q-compactbib + + * faq.sty: arrange that \Qref doesn't eat following space (by + converting \@ifnextchar to \afterassignment with "\let\@tempa= " + +2004-04-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): jiffy on compact + thebibliography lists + +2004-04-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize[-beta].pl (throughout): align the two files (2-way process) + + * faqbody.tex: v3.11b, today + (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): note bottom double float + restrictions and complications + +2004-03-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: add -2 switch, and corresponding tidies; correct a + few things detected by perl -w + + * sanitize.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): correct = -> == in conditional(!) + +2004-03-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: define a bunch of stupid name macros to free us of these + idiot logos for ever; also define \MF and \MP without package mflogo + +2004-03-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of \TeX{} errors}): graphicx + height/division question q-divzero + +2004-03-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hyphenation}): writing hyphenation + exceptions q-hyphexcept + +2004-03-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): typo in q-fig title + (section{The Background}): correct the earlier twaddle about X in + Q-TeXpronounce (courtesy of Ulrich Klauer) + (section{Introduction}): added Ulrich Klauer + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): editorial on q-tabcellalign + (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to shipman's texcrib + +2004-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): typo, found + courtesy of bil kleb + +2004-03-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-altabcr + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): tidy up + q-tabcellalign, adding refs to q-altabcr, and correcting errors + +2004-03-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: remove unnecessary \pdfstringdisable commands, sanitise \nts + and \texxet (but comment out \texxet and also \mltex, which aren't + used) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): get rid of \texsis + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): write out in full + the one instance of use of \texsis... + + * faq.sty: de-sillify \tex, \etex, \extex, \latex, \alltex, \context, + \pdftex, \pdflatex, \twee ... and junk \texsis + +2004-03-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): complete + first stab at extex question + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \Omega + +2004-03-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * README: modify final paragraph (about distributing modified versions) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove \Q + + * faq.sty: suppress \Q (temporarily, just possibly: it's going from + texfaq2html, anyway) + +2004-03-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): correct fantasy in html + of q-2letterfontcommands + + * filectan.tex: add vruler + + * faqbody.tex: 3.11a, today + (section{The Background}): editorial on q-triptrap + (section{Introduction}): add brooks moses to list + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): add vruler to q-linenos + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): sanitize_beta changes + +2004-03-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): removed \ldots, added \psatempty + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): minor editorials for ps@empty + +2004-03-15: release 3.11 + +2004-03-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: disable \, in \pdfstringdisablecommands; define \psatempty + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): use \psatempty in question + title for label ps@empty + +2004-03-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): don't refer to individual + latex doc files (not sensible since none is now html) + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention clsguide via directory only + + * dirctan.tex: latex documentation directory + +2004-03-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add texcnvfaq as a directory + + * filectan.tex: remove texcnvfaq + +2004-03-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.11, today + (subsection{Page layout}): clarify "pdf output" for pdflscape + +2004-03-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): new text about + dvipng, from its author + +2004-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: document \Qref in the course of checking it... + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): check on "\Qref..." -- ensure sensible + usage, specifically avoiding "(see question x)" + +2004-03-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): tidy "interrupting lists" answer + + * CHANGES-3.11: 2 more answers listed + + * additions.tex: pl4.12, today + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): q-2letterfontcmd from + add-general + (section{Graphics}): q-dvipdfmgraphics from add-general + v3.11RC4, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): editorials on + q-2letterfontcmd and q-dvipdfmgraphics + +2004-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): edit the dvipdfm answer a bit + +2004-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.11b, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): graphics in dvipdfm + +2004-02-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v 3.11RC3, today + (section{Introduction}): contributors contributions, added szinger + +2004-02-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \bsbs{} + + * faq.sty: add \bsbs + + * filectan.tex: beginlatex and tex4ht changed names + + * dirctan.tex: add pict2e, remove/amend things to match changes on + the archive + + * faqbody.tex + (subsection{Odds and ends}): add pbox and eqparbox to q-varwidth + (section{Graphics}): mention pict2e in "drawing in latex" + + * dirctan.tex: add eqparbox and pbox + +2004-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: date today, of course! + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("Postscript") fonts}): rearrange list of + fonts to clump free ones together better [more still to be done] + +2004-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): tidy up coding around stupid + logos answer + v3.11RC2 + + * filectan.tex: texnames.sty from info/biblio + + * Makefile.CTAN: texnames.sty -> stupid_names.sty + + * faq.sty: load stupid_names + + * stupid_names.sty: renamed [my] texnames.sty + +2004-02-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add smallcap + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): New q-2letterfontcmd + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing AllTeX files}): add note about public + fonts directories + (subsection{Odds and ends}): mention texhash for bold-extra installs + +2004-02-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): mention that memoir doesn't + choke on verbatim in footnotes in q-verbwithin + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): note koma-script \chapterformat (etc.) + functions in q-seccntformat + (subsection{Common errors}): q-tabacc and q-alreadydef from add-general + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): q-linespread and q-baselinepar + from add-general + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): q-pdfpagelabels from add-general + (subsection{Odds and ends}): q-varwidth from add-general + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): q-bibtranscinit from add-general + (subsection{Creating citations}): q-sortbib from add-general + [preamble]: v3.11RC1, today + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): q-inputlev and q-hyperdupdest from + add-general + +2004-02-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): new options for + q-changebars, from peter w; ditto comment env in memoir, for + q-conditional; totals counters in memoir for q-howmanypp + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): mention memoir's + \ifinteger setup in q-isitanum; ifmtarg in memoir for q-empty + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): chngcntr in memoir for q-running-nos; + q-oddpage stuff in memoir + +2004-02-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10k, today + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): tidy up text about bitmap type 3 + fonts in q-adobetypen + +2004-02-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): correct + conditional code in Q-bibtranscinit + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): bit more on Q-buildbib + +2004-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention koma + \captionabove command + +2004-02-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): twiddle further with + reference-by-name answer (i wonder if it's comprehensible?) + +2004-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add smartref + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): reword text + about splitidx package to take account of split option; more work + needed on this answer still :-{ + (subsection{Labels and references}): note memoir titleref functions, + and mention byname + +2004-02-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty (\Qref): new whistle in case "\Qref..." + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): editorial work on ps@empty + +2004-02-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10j, today + + * additions.tex: pl4.10f, today + +2004-02-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-gamma: first tentative steps towards a new web script + (nothing much to do with tex, as yet...) + + * texfaq2file: add switches to control what is output, for grand new + scheme of things + +2004-01-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): correct + reference to index package + + * dirctan.tex: add index + +2004-01-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ledmac + +2004-01-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: qq159,161 (in wilson's notes) for memoir + q163 for both memoir and koma-script + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): close paren in + q-baselinepar + (subsection{Odds and ends}): new q-varwidth + + * filectan.tex: add varwidth + +2004-01-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): finished (first + draft of) q-baselinepar + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): correct a + typo (or perhaps "braino") pointed out by hendrik maryns + +2004-01-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-baselinepar + and a link to it from + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): bit more scrunge + at end of q-paraparam + +2004-01-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): mention swiftex in dtx + answer + +2004-01-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10i, today + (subsection{Document structure}): refer to zoonekynd's title, chapter + and section style pages + + * additions.tex: pl4.10e, yesterday + +2004-01-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): correct miktex + "update database" key name + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): nearing + completion of q-linespread + +2004-01-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): don't have comment.sty \end{xyz} other than + in column 1 + + * filectan.tex: add savesym + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new Q-alreadydef + +2004-01-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): reword paraparam, + having recommended it to someone :-} + +2004-01-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add Tabbing + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): complete q-tabacc + +2004-01-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new q-tabacc (not + yet quite complete) + +2004-01-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: subfigure->subfig, in case i ever get to use it... + +2004-01-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): remove references to ntex + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): quote work complete to end + of this subsection + +2004-01-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): more work on the + quote and verbatim + +2004-01-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl 4.10d, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): new answer + q-pdfpagelabels + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new q-hyperdupdest + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): tidy qrefs to get rid of + stray space in html; reword intro to make clear what the answer will + tell us + +2004-01-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): still more work on tidying + (subsection{Getting things to fit}): remove question on miktex failing + to generate latex format + (subsection{Common errors}): mention dblfloatfix in "dbl float order" + v3.10h, today + +2004-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout, again): more work on conditionals + (correcting gross errors of yesterday) and tidying layout (more quote + environments, f'rex) + +2004-01-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): redoing conditional control + +2004-01-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): start of scan + of database offerings + +2004-01-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): memoir does crop marks + +2004-01-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): couple of editorials + from christina thiele + +2004-01-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): q-nopageno and q-ps@empty, + update for memoir and koma-script + +2004-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): new q-privinst from + add-general + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): new q-instt1font from add-general + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): new q-resolns from add-general + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): new q-fontname from add-general + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): new q-minitoc from + add-general + +2004-01-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): add a stricture against using epsfig + unless really necessary + (subsection{Document structure}): mention memoir in "page numbering" + (subsection{Page layout}): note typearea's capabilities in q-papersize + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): wrap bib + entries in dviversion for transcribed initials question + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): dealt with the stuff + about marks + +2004-01-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): new answer + from martin sneep, about transcribed initial letters + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): \clearempty... koma + stuff in Q-reallyblank + (section{Documentation and Help}): typesetting japanese tutorial from + matsusaka u. in japan + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): mention lambda in q-omega, + and add a health warning to the \ctanref about omega itself + +2004-01-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention + tabulary + (subsection{Document structure}): koma-script scrpage2, memoir into + q-fancyhdr + (subsection{Page layout}): mention koma \chapterpagestyle in Q-ps@empty + +2003-12-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add capt-of + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): record change back from + caption2 to caption + (subsection{Document structure}): koma & memoir appendix facilities + (section{Document structure}): caption facilities of koma and memoir, + and add capt-of too + +2003-12-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): refer to mimi's pages + next to tim love's + (section{Documentation and Help}): remove reference to basum (bausum?) + page on tug.org since it's shortly to be no more, and remove the ltx-2 + one too, since we seem to have a latex one in the offing + +2003-12-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention mptopdf in "mp in gs" q + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): mention ken + turner's list of reference styles + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): list herbert voss' + thing under both faqs and tutorials + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): tidy up the + private installation thing to fit in the columns (still needs proper + proof-reading) + +2003-12-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): yet more + verbosity about home texmf trees (this stuff needs proof-reading!!!) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): koma, memoir additions + to q-secthead + +2003-12-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): finish + off minitoc q with reference to hyperref; nb no reference to + minitoc-hyper (since no-one else has complained about it) + +2003-12-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): new question + q-privinst (incomplete so far) + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): remove translation of \& to bare & + (which surely isn't safe?) + +2003-12-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): remove + statement that koma and memoir classes are "still under development" + with its unfortunate suggestion that they're still incomplete + (subsection{Document structure}): mention koma and memoir's titling + capabilities + +2003-12-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of TeX}): fontname q + (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): refer to q-fontname in + q-instt1font + (subsection{Creating citations}): restored q-sortbib ... + + * faq.sty: redo definition of \ProgName (and hence various others) + to work with latest url.sty (if it's available) + +2003-12-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): optimise \Qref in + lmfonts question + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): updated other sizes + question to mention koma and memoir + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): another batch + of work on "installing type 1 fonts" + + * filectan.tex: excalibur now apparently 4.0.2 + +2003-12-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): new Q-sortbib + +2003-12-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): current gs version (in "old + gs" q) changed to 8.12 (dec 2003) + (preamble): v3.10g, today + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): changes for new fptex + +2003-12-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add dblfloatfix + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): mention + dblfloatfix in Q-2colfloat + +2003-12-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): correction + of multind example [how _could_ i have got it so wrong?] + (preamble): v3.10f, today + +2003-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: pdftitle uk _tex_ faq (not tug) + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): typos in emacs names + +2003-11-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl 4.10a + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): minitoc + question answered + +2003-11-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10e, today + (throughout): refer to koma-script (the object, as opposed to the ctan + address) as KOMA-script + +2003-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{References from articles}): minor extra + editorial + +2003-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10d, today + (section{References from articles}): clarification of, and expansion of + examples in, q-mcite + +2003-11-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10c, today + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): correct @preamble for \noopsort + (section{References from articles}): correct location for unsrtnat, + plainnat + +2003-11-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + <release to the web> + + * dirctan.tex: FirstSteps, lgc, lwc -> info/examples + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10b, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): corrections to mf/mp tutorials, plus + two additions (from jose santos) + + * texfaq2html: vital item left out yesterday when doing changes from + -beta + +2003-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10a + (subsection{Document structure}): typo in appendices question + + * texfaq2html: changes from -beta + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): changes from -beta + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10 today + +2003-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: remove kostas entry (corresponding directory seems to + have disappeared from CTAN without trace...) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): extend and + tidy examples in "multiple indexes" + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \Email{ } + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): correct mail list + details for tex-music (now at icking archive) + (throughout): change \Email|...| to \Email{...} + + * dirctan.tex: algorithm2e + + * faqbody.tex: 3.10RC2, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention algorithm2e in + Q-algorithms + +2003-10-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.9g, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.10RC1, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): various small editorials + +2003-10-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Document Structure}): editorial work on + the appendix answer + +2003-10-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): tidy q-extref + + * dirctan.tex: removed web/glasgow and all subdir references + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): faithfully add + reference to xr-hyper's url optional argument (though i've not tried + heiko's new version of hyperref that he says makes it work) + + * dirctan.tex: add appendix + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Document Structure}): new Q-appendix + +2003-10-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): add example of how to + code align in place of eqnarray; make all questions in section have ? + at their ends (just for once, they _are_ written as questions) + (subsection{Common errors}): mention Q-eqnarray in Q-newlineargs where + eqnarray is used as an example + +2003-10-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): q-toodeep from + add-general + (subsection{Mathematics}): q-mathstext and q-reuseq from add-general + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): q-exscale from add-general + (subsection{Page layout}): q-epigraph from add-general + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): q-aleph from add-general + (subsection{Footnotes}): q-footnpp from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): q-addtoreset from add-general + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): removed superfluous + \endhtmlignore in q-wholerow + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): mention per + page resetting problem and the perpage package, in answer "master and + slave counters" (done once before, and obviously lost :-( ) + +2003-10-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.9f, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): mention aspell under + q-spell; remove mention of fig2mf under q-fig, and expand list of + known export formats (which now includes mf) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): finished + editorial work on q-toodeep -- removed wibble about pressing on past + the error + (subsection{Creating citations}): minor editorial on the "howto" + +2003-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): mention per + page resetting problem and the perpage package, in newly-renamed + answer "master and slave counters" + +2003-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: remove $original_keyword (no longer used); make + $keyword have spaces exchanged for + signs; if not providing link to + list of questions, </center> ... + +2003-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): typo; add example of perpage + and list sources of documentation + +2003-10-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): more work on + how to + (subsection{Mathematics}): re-use of equation + +2003-10-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): start on "how + to write a .bib file" + +2003-10-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add versions.sty + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): add versions.sty to + conditional compilation answer + +2003-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): remove the historical + stricture about the bibtex man page, and tidy the rest of the answer + up a bit + +2003-10-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): new subsection, new + Q-footnpp + +2003-10-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): add crippled keyword to + questions about fuzzy fonts + +2003-10-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): too deep (list + nesting error answer + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \"u + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): reference to l2tabuen + as a -ve tutorial + + * filectan.tex: add l2tabuen and l2tabuen.src + +2003-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add fncyref + +2003-10-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.9d, today + (subsection{"Generic" macros and techniques}): renamed section, added + Q-empty, tidied up quoting further up section + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): added Q-labundef + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): added Q-8000 + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): add Q-dolldoll + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): mention latex kernel problem with \p@<*>, + and list the patch; also mention fncylab and point out that list + reference patching is best done with enumitem + +2003-10-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): new question on + xr and xr-hyper + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): hyperref defines + \nameref for itself; nameref doesn't need hyperref + + * dirctan.tex: add clrscode + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention clrscode + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add narrowversion and wideversion + + * faq.sty: add narrowversion and wideversion + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): new subsection, + for (new) q-extref + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Labels and references}): new, so far just + contains q-nameref + +2003-10-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): add an + \@addtoreset answer + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): correct order of + \cmdinvoke*{c}{a1}{a2}{a3} and \cmdinvoke*{c}{a1}{a2}; add + \cmdinvoke*{c}{a1}[a2] + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): slight tidying of + algorithm answer + +2003-10-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add epigraph + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): fiddling with cites + in how to bibtex question + (subsection{Page layout}): answer on epigraphs + +2003-09-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): how to run bibtex + +2003-09-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add bezos + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): add enumitem to the same two answers + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): correction, following + discussion on c.t.t + +2003-09-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add paralist, savetrees + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): add commentary on paralist and + savetrees to compaction of lists, and re-organise rest of question; + turn "fancy enumeration" upside down (to mention the package first), + and add side reference to paralist + +2003-09-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: v4.9d. 22nd + + * faqbody.tex: v3.9c, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention www.macrotex.net/texbooks + +2003-09-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): consistent set of + examples for all three candidate packages, and compare-and-contrast + stuff to help users choose + +2003-09-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): add ctan ref for + multibbl + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): add \intertext command to + answer on text in maths (example copied from amsldoc) + +2003-09-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): add ref to latex2html + mailing list + + * dirctan.tex: add texpower, beamer + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): bits and + pieces added on to slides question + +2003-09-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: complete filename mapping to avoid nasty chars + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): new answer: text in maths + +2003-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): sort out $$ answer + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): micro-tutorial on + the way \marginpar works + +2003-09-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): add exscale q + +2003-09-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): reference odp tex area + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): add answer on + detecting whether a label's undefined + +2003-09-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add 4-arg \cmdinvoke* + + * dirctan.tex: add zoon-mp-eg + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add zoonekynd's + example set to list of mp tutorials + +2003-09-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): bunch of + changes \Package| | to \Package{ } + (subsection{Getting things to fit}): advise etex/etex.sty for pictex + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): mention etex for dealing with + register problems + +2003-09-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): mention + bigstrut + + * dirctan.tex: add multirow + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): Add q on + multirow + +2003-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): question + on modifying single rows + +2003-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add aleph + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): little + answer on the aleph project + +2003-09-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: directory for TftI + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add tex for the + impatient to the list of books released "free" + +2003-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): \label outside environment + enclosing \caption, too + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): play the htmlversion trick in + semanticnest + +2003-09-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of TeX}): question on + resolutions + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention mptut.pdf + (subsection{Getting things to fit}): + +2003-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): recommend TUG India tutorial page + +2003-09-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): complete rewrite + of the "mismatched mode" answer + + * dirctan.tex: add bakoma-texfonts + + * faqbody.tex: v3.9a, today; move hypertext section beyond fonts + (section{Graphics}): reorder questions, make all titles of answers that + refer to imported graphics actually say "imported" + (section{Documentation and Help}): minor editorial on mf books + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention herbert voss' maths tutorial + (section{Documentation and Help}): tidy up references to texhax + (section{Documentation and Help}): remark on the nasa latex thing + referring to 2.09 + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): minor editorial + (section{Acquiring the Software}): minor editorial + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): add ctan ref for bakoma fonts + +2003-09-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@beret.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: start on facility for changing file names of awkwardly- + labelled questions + +2003-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@shep.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.9 + +2003-08-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.9RC2, today + + * additions.tex: pl4.8a, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): use donald's + simpler scheme for doing unsrt styles by hand... still no tocunsrt :-( + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): rename the "graphics in" to + "imported graphics in", and rename q-graph-pspdf to "portable imported + graphics + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): trivial anglicisation + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): mention sverb.sty in the + verbatim input question, and tidy the whole mess up + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): tidy ctanrefs of music answer + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): reorder the question about "missing + number", and refer to mathptmx to replace the old times package + +2003-08-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background} and elsewhere): yet more typos + noticed by jose carlos santos + +2003-08-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): bring up-to-date with changes to -beta + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): move {} pattern to end of funtion + + * faqbody.tex: 3.9RC1, today + (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): documentation (such as + it is) of setspace + + * companion.ctan: remove contrib/(supported|other) with a lot of help + from reinhard + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): put code + example in quote environment (seems to set it off rather well) + +2003-08-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex,filectan.tex: remove all remaining contrib/supported + +2003-08-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): ignore \bgroup, \egroup (the latter + has to have trailing space in its pattern, for some reason) + + * faqbody.tex (section{References from articles}): tidy up ctanrefs + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): add example of the use of + index.sty (other two to come) + +2003-08-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Odds and ends}): advise against nameref with + hyperref + + * dirctan.tex: added cm-lgc + +2003-08-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): rewrite + doublespacing question for less pomposity + +2003-08-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): use \Qref* + (subsection{Particular font families}): use \Qref* + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): rework the 8-bit fonts question to + include cm-lgc, with caveats about its size range, and also to compare + the three type 1 alternatives to cm shapes + +2003-08-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): further slight tweaks + +2003-08-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.8c, today + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): add argument-version to \collect@body q + +2003-08-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): typo in + Q-slashbox + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \Qref* (twice) -- same as + \Qref here + + * faq.sty: deal with \Qref* + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): couple of + typos in destable, and use \Qref* + +2003-08-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.8b, today + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): reference to pdftex in its own + right on ctan + + * filectan.tex: add pdftex + +2003-08-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl, sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \File{ } + + * faqbody.tex: v3.8a, today + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): typo in Q-fuzzy-type3 + +2003-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN: remove texfaq2{file,html}, but install faq-html.tar.gz + + * Makefile (inst-html): muck about with html .tar.gz creation + + * additions.tex: pl4.8, today + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): merge Q-capbibtex + and Q-bibcase to convert the latter to just Q-bibaccent + v3.8, today ** release ** + +2003-07-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): use new fantasies + around the production of \~ + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \~ + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): deal with \~, bring up to date with + sanitize-beta + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): \htmlignore around + dvi/pdf versions in examples of case protection + +2003-07-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add lshort-parent + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): make sure that every + tutorial mentions it's available from ctan if it is; suggest browsing + for other language versions + +2003-07-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add testflow to list + of tutorials + + * additions.tex: pl4.7c, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.8RC2, today + +2003-07-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): \ProgName|...| -> \ProgName{...} + +2003-07-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add epslatex to list + of tutorials + +2003-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): remove claim about the + regularity of tugboat :-) + +2003-07-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): Q-upquot, Q-time + and Q-the-commands from add-general (slight edit to Q-the-commands) + (subsection{Particular font families}): lm question from add-general + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): sorting from add-general + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): Q-slashbox from add-general + v3.8RC1, today + +2003-07-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): turned the 8-bit fonts + question upside down so as to emphasise cm-like fonts. + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): change section title, and + adjust emphasis in the textrace/mftrace answer (as well as moving + download addresses to the ctanrefs section) + (section{Current TeX-related projects}): new answer on ANT (to what + question? you may well ask :-), from add-general + +2003-07-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): new one on lm + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): add lm fonts to type1T1 + +2003-07-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add lm fonts + +2003-07-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): \noopsort question + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): mention the natbib + styles and custom-bib _above_ harvard :-} + +2003-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): mention cm-super + and hfbright as sources of type 1 cm bright + + * dirctan.tex: add latex4jed; move mcite, mdwtools, mfnfss, ssqquote, + textfit and tocvsec2 up/down/sideways one; also multibbl and foiltex + on the nonfree tree; add hfbright + + * faqbody.tex: v3.7.1a, today + (section{TeX Systems}): mention latex4jed + +2003-07-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: move minitoc, ms, multibib, nrc, ntheorem, rcs, rcsinfo, + refcheck, rotating, sectsty, showlabels, snapshot, sttools, + supertabular, titling and tocloft down one (or up one -- who cares?); + delete schroeder entry (pointing to the ms directory) + + * faqbody.tex (two places): ctanref schroeder -> ms + +2003-07-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: move mparhack, ncctools, newlfm, oberdiek, soul and + tocbibind up one + +2003-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): minor + tidies + (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): add a sentence on _why_ + separation of languages might be a good thing + +2003-07-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \textsf as a no-op (like \acro) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): still more + tidying, after sleeping on the problem + (subsection{Current TeX-related projects}): (new title for the section) + new question on ANT + +2003-07-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): another pass + over the wording of the advice in the \the_xxx_ question + +2003-07-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add 2-arg *'d \cmdinvoke + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): remove \emph + from the arguments of \csx in Q-the-commands + + * dirctan.tex: move jknappen, jurabib and mailing down one level + +2003-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: move toppages, type1cm and ucthesis down one level + +2003-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add datetime; move memoir, utthesis, vector and vmargin + down one level + +2003-07-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): add twoopt.sty to Q-twooptarg + +2003-07-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): tidy q-captsty (incl + documentation reference, and add reference to Q-atsigns in the early + bit about diy + +2003-07-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.7b, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): new question + on typesetting the time + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): btxmac is actually + part of eplain; reference eplain, too + +2003-07-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add slashbox; move textpos, was, wordcount, wrapfig, + xtab and xymtex down from contrib/supported + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): answer + containing a recommendation of slashbox (but presenting thomas lotze's + suggestion from textex_355 as an alternative) + + * filectan.tex: add tocunscite (it's not there yet, mind) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating citations}): answer for unsrt + with table of contents (etc) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): added mailing list + details for pdftex from tug site + (section{The Background}): maillist address for MP (didn't know it had + one!) + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): scrlettr->scrlttr2 + +2003-07-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): reference docmfp in + Q-dtx (is this the right place for it?) + (section{The Background}): rewrite text about mp in pdflatex, including + making reference to Q-pdflatexgraphics rather than to the pdflatex + project itself + (section{Current TeX Projects}): update pdftex answer; still needs + reference for new mailing list sign-up + + * dirctan.tex: add docmfp + + * faqbody.tex: v3.7.1, today + (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): mention the justify + stuff in latest ragged2e + (subsection{Document structure}): mention fncychap's restriction re. + front/backmatter in Q-secthead + +2003-06-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): aide-memoir + for vertical spacing commands in plain-in-latex + +2003-06-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: release... + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): corrections from -beta + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): move \csx so it can appear in \Qref + (sanitize_line): correct \^e + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): reorganise reference to + dvisstrip + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): minor editorial + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \ensuremath + + * faqbody.tex: v3.7, today (i'm determined...) + (section{Format conversions}): refer to hennings' faq via href, not an + entry in ctanrefs + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): minor editorial in fuzzy-type3 + +2003-06-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct subeqnarray, subfigure, subfiles + +2003-06-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct arabtex, ifmslide, natbib, titlesec + +2003-06-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): new question + on upright (Xterm-like) quotes + + * filectan.tex: add upquote + +2003-06-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.7RC3, today + (section{Format conversions}): tidy up "others" question a bit, and add + mention of tex2word and word2tex; no longer first in section + +2003-06-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.7a, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new answer on + 8000dpi gsftopk attempts + + * faqbody.tex: 3.7RC2, today + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): non-PDF-special from add-general + +2003-06-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add ifmtarg + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): empty arg answer + +2003-06-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.7RC1, today + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): replace q-dvips-pdf from add-general qs + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): 4 font install answers ditto + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): real error message + from dvips when font missing: not mentioning latest version, since + systems will have the fonts anyway + +2003-06-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): change reference to fuzzy + fonts question in "8-bit fonts" + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): pseudocode, from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): several editorial + and typographic changes + +2003-06-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6.1d, today + + * additions.tex: pl4.6b, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): add graphics needed... from + add-general + + * dirctan.tex: harvard, hyper, hyperref and hyphenat + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros}): minor edits of "spaces" + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): tidies of + some of these font answers + (subsection{Graphics}): minor edit + (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): add proviso about acroread 6 + + * dirctan.tex: psfig change + +2003-06-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add urlbst + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): mention urlbst in + Q-citeurl + +2003-06-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): reference to + Q-algorithms in Q-proglist; also be more positive still about listings + package (when did anyone last recommend lgrind?) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): minor edits + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): minor adjustments + +2003-06-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6.1c, today + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): mention pstill in q-pkfix + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): \$ needs {} (eh!?) + +2003-06-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): bitmap drivers + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): split "quality of + pdf" into two, so all "problems" are on the same level; slight + editorials (some as a result of split) + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6.1b, today + (subsection{Page layout}): page sizes from add-general; + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): table design from + add-general + (subsection{Common errors}): float ordering question from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): remove the + "short" option; tidy up description of algorithms bundle; mention + float.sty; write documentation notes + (subsection{Page layout}): minor editorial of page sizes + + * dirctan.tex: bunch of directories contrib/supported->contrib + +2003-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.6a, today + +2003-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add algorithms,alg,newalg; junk old (cyrillic) "program" + in favour of pseudocode one for scott's answer(s); deal with labels, + lineno, listings, refman and wasysym (now links) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): both + alternatives of scott pakin's take on algorithm typesetting + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): minor edit of q-codelist + +2003-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): mention doc of fncychap + +2003-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add topcapt + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): new + design of tables answer + + * dirctan.tex: add ctable + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6.1a, today + (subsection{Footnotes}): reference ctable.sty in footintab + +2003-05-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): more editorial, mentions of + dvipdfm + +2003-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): further + iterations, including reference to new bluesky-maps in place of clunky + instructions on generating the beastly things + + * dirctan.tex: add bluesky-maps + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): move Q-fuzzy-t1 up + one so questions are in order of itemize + +2003-05-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): editorial work on + quality; put related answers into an itemize + (subsection{Installing (LaTeX files}): editorial work on bluesky + +2003-05-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: move mflogo and moreverb "down one" + +2003-05-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention mp doesn't need help from + psfrag + +2003-05-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): mention winedt + changebar macros + +2003-05-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): add "revision bars" to + Q-changebars + +2003-05-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): new question on paper size + +2003-05-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.6, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): trim ps+pdf graphics q title + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6.1, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): add highlight to Q-codelist + + * dirctan.tex: add highlight + +2003-05-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: collapse koma-script address + + * sanitize.pl,sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): correct \^E->\^e, bring + sanitize.pl up to date + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): texhax now at tug.org + (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): mention \centering in + "cancelling ragged" question + +2003-05-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Common Errors}): slight diddle on + fixltx2e question + +2003-05-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add hvfloat + +2003-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add fnbreak; bunch of contrib/supported directories -> + contrib directories, and also picked up other link directories + (allowing some to remain links for clarity) + + * faqbody.tex: 3.6RC5, today + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): mention fnbreak in q-splitfoot + +2003-05-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.5f, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{DVI drivers and previewers}): editorials + (subsection{Common Errors}): new question on fix2col/fixltx2e + +2003-05-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.5e, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): answer on + "unknown special ignored" + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add ê + +2003-05-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{DVI drivers and previewers}): minor typos + and editorial corrections + (subsection{Graphics}): mention dvipdfm option, and auto driver + selection, in q about ambivalent output generation + +2003-05-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): correct + spelling of résumé + +2003-04-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (clean): add *.png + + * add-general.tex (subsection{DVI drivers and previewers}): bunch of + tidies in this and other questions answered recently + + * additions.tex: pl4.5d, today + +2003-04-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: correct tex4ht-mn.zip, remove usergrps-list + + * dirctan.tex: remove geralpha, which has gone from the archive + + * check-ctan-lists: make to work on gordon + + * dirctan.tex: add dvipng + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): new Q-fuzzy-t1 on + the effect of type3 fonts when switching to T1 + (subsection{DVI drivers and previewers}): new Q-dvi-bmp + +2003-04-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): replacement `quality + of PDF' answer (part 1) + (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): Q-gs-pdfqual (part 2 of same) + (subsection{Hypertext and PDF}): Q-distill-prob (part 3 of same) + +2003-04-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): Add \FontName + + * faq.sty: add \FontName + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): yet more on + Q-instprinterfont + +2003-04-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): move mathtime + back where it started! + (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): more on Q-instprinterfont + +2003-04-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: name question files by label, rather than by number; add + web link for question at end; change regexp for \Question to require + label, and to return it alone as $1 (did have [] too); remove + provision for generating a list of all questions + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6RC4, today + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): Q-eqnarray from add-general + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX}): Q-adobetypen from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): Q-spaftend, Q-cmdasenv from add-general + +2003-04-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.5c, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): more on how to ask a + question + (section{Graphics}): mention graphicx.tex as well as miniltx + +2003-04-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): installing + mathtime, back from faqbody (not ready for prime time: reinstate when + new version released so it appears in beta again + (subsection{Bits and pieces of TeX}): new q-adobetypen on font formats + + * filectan.tex: contrib/other/fragments -> contrib/fragments + + * dirctan.tex: remove "other" (whole contrib/other directory!); move + all contrib/other stuff down to contrib + +2003-04-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: introduce \ifusePSfont, set true if using times + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type1 ("PS") fonts}): remove reference + to fonts/psfonts in Q-metrics + +2003-04-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): add mpsproof to question on mp + output in ghostscript + + * filectan.tex: add mpsproof + +2003-04-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: latex/contrib/(other|supported)/misc -> contrib/misc + +2003-04-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): only options now, in + Q-CD, are texlive and the ctan cds. + +2003-04-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): dvistrip corrected to + dvipsstrip + + * dirctan.tex: remove fonts/psfonts + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type 1 (postscript) fonts}): remove + reference to psfonts directory + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): slight elaboration + of command-as-env question + (subsection{Macro programming}): move Q-spaftend in here + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): moved up (with one so far + incoherent question) so as to redesignate previous two questions as + latex + +2003-04-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): finally a usable + question on commands-as-environments, Q-cmdasenv + +2003-04-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): slight tidy Q-dvips-pdf + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): new Q-eqnarray + +2003-04-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.6RC3, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): add discouragement of the use + of path.sty with latex + +2003-04-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why does it do that?}): new Q-spaftend + +2003-03-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: oops -- remove line break in decl of psnfssx-mathtime + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6RC2, today + (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): add Q-bibcase from add-general + (subsection{Mathematics}): add Q-limits and Q-mathlips from add-general + (subsection{Particular font families}): add Q-mathtime from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): add csnames as keywords + for Q-mathlips + (subsection{Mathematics}): \CTANref for graphics.sty + + * additions.tex: pl4.5b, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): small changes, + plus text-wrapping in verbatim examples + +2003-03-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): new Q-bibcase + +2003-03-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): revise reference to + \DeclareMathOperator with reference to Q-limits + + * filectan.tex: add T1instguide + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): add reference + to lehman's guide + (subsection{Mathematics}): new question Q-limits + +2003-03-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add yhmath-(fonts|macros) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): new question on ellipses + + * filectan.tex: add mathdots + + * faqbody.tex: v3.6RC1, today + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): Q-formatstymy from add-general + + * add-general.tex: tidy after removing questions + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): typos in Q-graphicspath + (subsection{Document structure}): typos in Q-captsty + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): missing close paren in Q-cv + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): Q-bufovfl from add-general + (subsection{Mathematics}): Q-mathsize from add-general + +2003-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.5.1c, today + + * filectan.tex: add ltablex + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): refer + disparagingly to ltablex.sty + +2003-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: removed beginlatex again, having changed policy + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): update tutorials to + reference "production" version of beginner's latex + + * dirctan.tex: mps2eps + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): reference mps2eps in "mp output in + gs" question + +2003-03-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: info/beginlatex + +2003-03-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.5a, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): new, Q on + \DeclareMathSizes + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add a 5-argument form of \cmdinvoke + +2003-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): new, on format + error stymying + +2003-03-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.5.1b, today + (subsection{Lists}): change \parsep to \parskip in patched definition + of itemize in q on compacting lists + (section{Introduction}): added simon law to list of helpers + +2003-03-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): added a + miktex url for font map management + +2003-03-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.5.1a, today + + * filectan.tex: add excludeonly + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): mention excludeonly in + Q-conditional + +2003-03-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): add a couple of keywords to + Q-dvips-pdf (at scott pakin's suggestion) + +2003-03-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): minor editorial + on Q-buffov + + * faqbody.tex: v3.5.1, today + +2003-03-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): up-to-date with sanitize.pl + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): bunch of "g" qualifiers missing on and + after patterns for \cmdinvoke, and on \csx + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): typo in Q-pkgdoc + (section{Documentation and Help}): typo in Q-mfptutorials + (section{Current TeX Projects}): separate "real" ~ from url so as to + avoid hacking by sanitize + (section{Current TeX Projects}): couple of typos in Q-mathml + (section{Current TeX Projects}): \textpercent mayn't be followed by {}, + so use \ for space + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): several small typos + + * Makefile (clean): add *.tpt (thumbpdf-related, afaict) + + * sanitize.pl: bring up to date with -beta + + * Makefile.CTAN: remove references to .lab files + + * additions.tex: pl4.5, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): minor + tidies of Q-buffov + + * faqbody.tex: 3.5, today + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): tidy stuff in the distillation question + +2003-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: bring up-to-date, too + + * texfaq2html: brought up-to-date with texfaq2html-beta + + * texfaq2html-beta: removed presetting of value in search fields + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{MF fonts}): editorials on bitmap fonts q + + * dirctan.tex: correct path for gsview + + * faqbody.tex: 3.5RC1, today + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): implement jose santos' remark about AR + +2003-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add latexcount + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): mention latexcount + (section{Current TeX Projects}): use revised name for mftrace (was + pktrace) + +2003-03-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): \ss now now {} after it... + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): stupid change to \ss + + * texfaq2html-beta: patch in the google searching stuff + +2003-03-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.4b.4, today + (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): new subsection of "why does it do that" + +2003-03-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add psnfssx-mathtime, and remove a couple of essentially + defunct mathtime directories + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Particular font families}): start of + question on installing mathtime + +2003-03-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention \epsfig in Q-impgraph + +2003-03-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.4c, yesterday + + * faqbody.tex: v3.4b.3, today + (section{TeX Systems}): yet more mucking about with the words about + tetex + + * dirctan.tex: tetex2->tetex, using current/ rather than 2.0/; restore + tetex-beta + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention withdrawal of tiff from + pdftex graphics + +2003-02-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add decoding of \hphantom -- + converted to (another) gobble operation + (sanitize_line): don't detect an argument in regexps for \hphantom and + \nothtml (efficiency only) + + * filectan.tex: delete wrapfig + + * dirctan.tex: add wrapfig's new directory + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): Reconstructing bib + files from add-general + (section{Graphics}): graphics from somewhere else, from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I}): oops: subsection + rename didn't take + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): mention cm-super in type1T1 + +2003-02-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: add $host_[fd] for use in generate_CTAN_ref + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): tidy generation of http + references (which were ending up on $default_archive) + +2003-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Why shouldn't I?}): renamed from + "encoding" -- will go into "why does it _do_ that" + new question on why not use $$ for display maths in latex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): correct \href in mentions of + hutchinson's paper + +2003-02-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.4b, today + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): add \ss{} + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Encoding (?~--- new)}): questions on + t1enc and on eliding inputenc-fontenc when the codings nearly match + + * faqbody.tex: v3.4b.2, today + (section{Graphics}): reference to hutchinson's graphics inclusion paper + +2003-02-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: correct simpl-latex + + * dirctan.tex: add dvi2bitmap + +2003-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): corrected the address + for eric raymond on questions to get answers + +2003-02-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: add skip links to top of search, top of list of + questions, at very start, if the (now very long) intro is present + +2003-02-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): describe \jobname as a + primitive, not a "special macro" + +2003-02-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): prevent + \normalfont in the description env in Q-vertposfp \nothtml (also done + as running repair on source on web site) + +2003-02-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: remove extensive (but hugely incomplete) change log + at front of file; move def of $default_web, and define $href_script in + terms of it; two minor corrections to previous work + +2003-02-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.4b.1, today + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): put comment from jose carlos santos in as + reminder of work needing to be done; note that gs8.00 is current (and + the date of the statement ;-), and claim that gs6.50 is the minimum + sensible; add proviso to recommendation of -G1 + +2003-02-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: set up protocols for new sanitize + + * texfaq2file: some updating w.r.t. latest texfaq2html + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): use of different protocols for + different things + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): minor typo + +2003-02-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: date today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): and a bit more, to make the + thing make sense + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): line too long for buffer error + +2003-02-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): slight edit of yesterday's + question, to avoid bad line break + + * dirctan.tex: add tex2bib + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): new question + on regenerating bibliographies + +2003-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.4a, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): new question on \graphicspath + +2003-02-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: remove provisions for .lab files + + * all: checkin/release + + * faqbody.tex: changed date in first line + +2003-02-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): \ctanref to tetex (per se) + upgraded in windows section (talking about cygwin usage) + +2003-02-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: update tds + + * faqbody.tex: v4.3b, today + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): more tidying + +2003-02-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): reword talk about tetex around + current state of tetex2 + + * dirctan.tex: remove both instances of tetex 1.0 + +2003-02-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): updated tds stuff, + after announcement of tds v1.0 + +2003-01-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: replace \CTAN with \@ctan@path + + * faqbody.tex: v3.4, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): typo in Q-makeindex + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): minor editorial in Q-verbfile + (subsection{Odds and ends}): there's no \CTAN macro! (error spotted by + Charles Cameron, in Q-bold-extras) + (section{Introduction}): credit CC, and now ... v3.4a + +2003-01-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): minor change to ensure match + between -beta and master version + + * texfaq2html-beta: match with master version (as far as poss) + + * faqbody.tex: 3.4RC4, today + (subsection{Page layout}): slightly less absolutist about samepage + environment in Q-nopagebrk + +2003-01-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.4RC3, today + (section{TeX Systems}): add reference to tetex release candidates + (subsection{Page layout}): rewrite Q-abspos, to mention eso-pic + solution (which i learnt on c.t.t today) + (subsection{Page layout}): corrected statement of relation between + eso-pic and everyshi in Q-watermark + + * dirctan.tex: make testflow a browsable directory; add tetex2 + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): comment + on texpower expanded somewhat (must _really_ work on this some time) + +2003-01-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: ifmslide + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): make + reference to ifmslide (whatever that is) + +2003-01-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 3.4RC2, today + (section{Adjusting the typesetting}): use a formulation of don + arseneau's for \sectionmark, in Q-runheadtoobig + +2003-01-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add the catalogue + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): minor tidy in + Q-nonfree + (section{Acquiring the Software}): make reference to the catalogue in + Q-websearch + + * additions.tex: pl4.3i, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.4RC1, today + + * sanitize.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): bring in updates from -beta + + * texfaq2html: bring in updates from -beta + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): correct web address for + context + (section{Documentation and Help}): correct web address for metafun + (subsection{Footnotes}): Q-multfoot from add-general + (section{Acquiring the Software}): correct address for dante's upload + +2003-01-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3q, today + (section{Adjusting the typesetting}): slight adjustment of the text + referring to \sectionmark in runheadtoobig + +2003-01-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: split keyword lists and examine each separately, + case-independently (even) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): \url->\URL in writecls + +2003-01-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3p, today + + * additions.tex: pl4.3h, today + +2003-01-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ncctools + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): editorial + work on the type1 cm fonts installation stuff. + (subsection{Footnotes}): question whose answer is manyfoot + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): mention /usr/local/ + share/texmf (suggestion from julian gilbey), and also suggest + kpsewhich as a source of the information for a tetex system + +2002-12-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing LaTeX files}): tidying + (perhaps even finishing!) the type 1 cmfonts installation question + +2002-12-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): more work on + cmfonts answer + +2002-12-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): Q-dpfloat, + Q-vertposfp from add-general + + * faq.sty: try forcing \l@section/\l@subsection onto next page if not + enough space (retracted ...) + +2002-12-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): more work on + "installing CM type1" question + +2002-12-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (generate_CTAN_ref): provide link terminator, in + case that the link doesn't have $ctanref_plus set true + + * texfaq2html-beta: forget about label "lastquestion", correct coding + of next/previous links in case of last question + +2002-12-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize-beta.pl (sanitize_line): first hopeful stab at multiple + formats (new file, copy of sanitize.pl) + + * texfaq2html-beta: first stab at provision for multiple format + directory retrieval + +2002-12-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.3g, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): new + Q-vertposfp + +2002-11-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3o, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): move \CTANref of teencontrex to list + at end of question + (section{Documentation and Help}): refer to bibtex-doc-pdf in bibtex + docs question + (section{Format conversions}): move ref to html2latex to ctanrefs + (section{TeX Systems}): separate vtex-common in ctanrefs (twice) + (subsection{\MF fonts}): tidy up references in "running mf" q + (subsection{Document structure}): move ctan reference for abstract.sty + in Q-onecolabs + (section{Current TeX Projects}): move reference to ltx3pub + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): slight modification of ctan + references in Q-letterclass + + * dirctan.tex: add bibtex-doc-pdf + +2002-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.3f, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3n, today + (subsection{Document structure}): Q-pagebychap from add-general + (section{Documentation and Help}): Q-pkgdoc from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): new + answer Q-dpfloat + (subsection{Page Layout}): minor editorial + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): refer to + spliti[n]d[e]x in Q-multind + + * dirctan.tex: add splitindex + +2002-11-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Adobe Type1 ("PS") fonts}): more editorials + +2002-11-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.3e, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): editorial + corrections to documentation question + + * faqbody.tex + (throughout): editorial corrections noted on train... + +2002-11-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add chappg + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page Layout}): new question on page nos + by chapter + +2002-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Documentation and help}): new question on + package documentation + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): slight tidy of Q-dtx + +2002-11-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): point at + miwie.org comparison of things in Q-slidecls + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): add example of coding \qedhere + in Q-proof + +2002-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3l, today + (subsection{Mathematics}): typo left "i" at very end of answer + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): note documentation of path and + url in Q-setURL + (subsection{Common errors}): note documentation of url and verbdef in + Q-verbwithin + +2002-11-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3k, today + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): Q-overstrike from add-general + (subsection{Mathematics}): Q-cancel from add-general + (subsection{Hyphenation}): typo in Q-hyphoff + +2002-11-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add eso-pic; remove ref2bib (which has gone, and whose + replacement's name i've forgotten) + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): separate references to eso-pic + and everyshi + +2002-11-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3j, today + (subsection{Page layout}): mention \filbreak in question about + suppressing page breaks + (subsection{Making things stay where you want them}): mention the + (common) need to load ulem with normalem option + + * additions.tex: pl4.3d, today + + * filectan.tex: add cancel + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): cancel.sty + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): overstriking + +2002-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3i, today + (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): make clear what is actually + being redefined with \usepackage[overload]{textcase} + +2002-11-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.3c, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): more scribble + on installing font files + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3h, today + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): correct location of font source + files, and mention font families all in one directory + +2002-11-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Creating bibliographies}): a bit more on the + capitalisation question + +2002-11-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3g, today + (section{The Background}): tidy eplain answer and add reference to the + project home page + +2002-11-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): minor typo in + non-html stuff on wrapfigure + (subsection{"Generic" macros}): slight iteration of active chars q + v3.3f, today + +2002-11-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros}): hacking to get html right + in active chars question + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): remove requirement for {} after \textbar + +2002-11-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.3b, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): another whole + paragraph for the question about installing fonts + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3e, today + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): make reference to newcommand in the + question about multiple optional arguments + + * dirctan.tex: add newcommand + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic macros}): more work on don A's + stuff + +2002-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros}): mods to make tilde appear + in html output... + (subsection{"Generic" macros}): first pass at getting don A's revised + answer for activechars in (much interrupted -- needs checking) + +2002-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Lists}): Q-interruptlist from add-general + v3.3d, today + +2002-10-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.3a, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Lists}): new question on suspending and + resuming lists + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3c, today + (section{Format conversions}): add mayer.dial.pipex.com samples url to + latex->html question (they *really* make tex4ht look good ;-) + +2002-10-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add rcsinfo + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3b, today + (subsection{Document management}): refer to rcsinfo (ex norman gray) + + * Makefile (throughout): tabs before thumbpdf and following $(PDFLATEX) + seem to have gone missing -- reinstated + +2002-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: add heiko's modification to run thumbpdf + + * faq.sty: new version from heiko; slight patch to do \@ReturnAfterFi + at outer level since i'm experiencing problems with it where he had + defined it + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): add a proviso about + sections in the question on marks different from the toc entry + (section{Symbols, etc.}): mention euro-ce + +2002-10-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added euro-ce + +2002-10-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.3, today + +2002-10-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * newfaq-patch.tex: remove a redundant \Dings + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): bit more of + non-equivalences between latex and plain commands + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): parallel setting from + add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): remove reference to nrc + classes in parallel setting question (they're not _that_ wonderful in + this context) + +2002-10-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bits and pieces of TeX}): give skips + question a label (warned by new faq.sty ;-) + + * Makefile.CTAN (all): add (letterfaq|newfaq).lab, remove + newfaq.workers + + * Makefile (clean): remove pdf-newfaq-patch.tex, *.lab + + * newfaq.tex,newfaq-patch.tex,letterfaq.tex: \labellist + + * faq.sty: added \labellist stuff; make \Question complain if no label + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): final touches to last night's additions + +2002-09-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): add nopagebrk from add-general + (subsection{Hyphenation}): add wdnohyph from add-general + (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): 2 >1 column floats + questions from add-general + (section{Graphics}): topgraph from add-general + (subsection{Document management}): inclplain from add-general + (section{Symbols, etc.}): tradesyms from add-general + +2002-09-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.2e, today + (subsection{Adobe Type 1 ("PS") fonts}): put version number on the + dvips that doesn't do charshift + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): start + question on producing slides + + * dirctan.tex: move foiltex to nonfree, to reflect reality, add + prosper, ppower4 + +2002-09-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today's date, no change of version + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page layout}): question on parallel + setting of texts + + * dirctan.tex: add parallel + +2002-09-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Symbols}): new question on trade symbols + + * additions.tex: pl4.2i, today + +2002-09-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.2h, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): new + questions about single-column floats in multicols, and bottom- + placement of double-column floats in twocolumn + +2002-09-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): new answer on top-aligning + + * additions.tex: pl2.4g, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.2d, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): small tidying of book list + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page Layout}): mention \enlargethispage + in "keeping things together on the page" + (subsection{LaTeX macro programming}): expand for tidiness sake + +2002-09-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.2f, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.2d, today + (subsection{Document structure}): two questions from add-general + (subsection{Document management}): how many pp, from add-general + (section{Graphics}): limit width, from add-general + (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): extra vertical space from + add-general + + * add-general.tex (throughout): several minor editorials + +2002-09-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): question plain commands + in latex code + (subsection{How do I \dots{}?~--- somewhere}): plain.sty question + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do ...?}): another change of name + +2002-09-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): new section + heading for explicit float things (currently only floats on their own + float pages) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): limit graphics width to page + (subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.}): witter about vertical + space in figures + + * additions.tex: pl4.2e, today + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): slight tidy of watermark q's + ctanrefs env + + * dirctan.tex: add totpages + + * add-general.tex (section{Where? --- sort of support?}): "number of + pages in the document?" answer + +2002-09-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): booktabs _is_ + now compatible with at least some other table packages... + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Document structure}): add "page n of m" + + * filectan.tex: add mtw + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): mention mtw on ctan + +2002-09-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.2c, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): restore "making tex work" in the + books section, note that it's out of (print|date), and add link to + tutorials, which now lists sourceforge url + +2002-09-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Document structure}): new question about + fitting text into the running head. + + * faqbody.tex: v3.2b, today + (section{TeX Systems}): mention some vim scripts + (subsection{Mathematics}): moved Q-braket in here + (subsection{Page layout}): moved "changing margins" in here + + +2002-09-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add pdftricks + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): reference pdftricks in the answer + about alternative drawing systems + +2002-09-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): tidy up "editors" entry for + ms-dos (for tidiness' sake, rather than because of the intrinsic + importance of the subject matter ;-) + +2002-09-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.2a, today + (section{TeX Systems}): text on vim from schröcker + (section{Introduction}): mention schröcker + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Hyphenation}): rather feeble answer on + suppressing hyphenation of words + + * dirctan.tex: concmath is in supported... + + * additions.tex: pl4.2d, today + + * filectan.tex: add needspace, add .gz to latex209.tar + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page Layout}): complete \needspace + question + +2002-09-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Page Layout}): start of a question on + keeping things on the same page + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): typo in dvipsgraphics + +2002-09-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@shep.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: tidy up after stupidity working on text annotations in + pdf version (which preserved as botched-faq.sty) + +2002-09-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): typo in "finding macros" + v3.2, today + +2002-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): remove + reference to tracking.sty, following notice of its bug + +2002-09-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.2c, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.1c, today + (subsection{Creating citations}): "References from the bibliography to + the citation" from add-general + (section{Graphics}): "Labelling graphics" from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): "The definitions of LaTeX commands" from + add-general + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): add "missing $" and "font shape not + available" from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): editorial + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): editorial + (subsection{Bibliographies (somewhere)}): editorial + (subsection{Graphics}): editorial + + * faq.sty: add a \toclevel@question with a view to shutting hyperref up + a bit + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): bit more description of + eso-pic (from a post by rolf niepraschk) + +2002-09-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): since i'm more informed + about titlesec, i might as well instruct the world as well... (losing + the reference to titletoc in passing -- dunno about that yet) + + * dirctan.tex: add citeref + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Bibliographies (somewhere)}): backwards + reference to citation answer + + * additions.tex: pl4.2b, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): answer on font + substitution messages (at long last!!!) + + * filectan.tex: add type1ec + + * dirctan.tex: add type1cm + + * faqbody.tex: v3.1b, today + (subsection{Particular font families}): incorporate small correction + from José Carlos Santos + +2002-09-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add overpic + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): first stab at answer on + overlaying text on figures + +2002-09-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): $ missing answer + +2002-09-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): tidy and slightly expand + yesterday's work + +2002-09-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): add a label Q-impgraph + v3.1a, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): added "a tex primer for scientists" + (section{Introduction}): add Hartmut Henkel to list of helpers + (section{Literate programming}): promote noweb (which supersedes + spidery web) + v3.1a.1 (patched prior to re-release) + + * additions.tex: pl4.2a, today + + * add-general.tex (section{LaTeX macros}): tweak finding macro question + +2002-09-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{LaTeX macros}): new answer: finding macro + definitions + +2002-09-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): "replacing + the standard classes" from add-general + (subsection{LaTeX macros}): "presentation of section numbers" from + add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): editorial on seccntformat + answer + + * faqbody.tex: v3.1, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): replace mention of uk tug (after + list of books) with notes on contributing + (section{Acquiring the Software}): editorial stuff; remove reference to + decus tape distribution + (section{\acro{DVI} Drivers and Previewers}): remove reference to decus + distribution holding a copy of dvips + (section{Format conversions}): remove troff translator in decus dist + +2002-09-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{LaTeX macros}): add actual body to + \@seccntformat question + + * filectan.tex: add sober + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): editorial + on standard classes answer + + * dirctan.tex: add pstoedit and purifyeps + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): mention purifyeps in pdf question, + as route to something includable by pdflatex + +2002-09-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0.1v, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): moved ctan references out to + ctanrefs env after book list + + * additions.tex: pl4.1m, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): long- + awaited answer on ntgclass, koma-script and memoir + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros}): defining characters, + active characters in command arguments, defining characters from + command arguments, and transcribing latex commands, from add-general + (subsection{Particular font families}): new section, to hold "using + concrete fonts", from add-general + (subsection{Document management}): add makefiles q from add-general + + * add-general.tex (subsection{How do I do X in (La)TeX}): editorial on + makefiles question + (subsection{Macro programming}): "macros from command arguments" solely + in terms of plain programming + (subsection{Fonts (or something)}): couple more editorials on concrete + + * faqbody.tex (section{Graphics}): moved "making \mp graphics display" + into this section + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): moved "other document font + sizes" into this section + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): moved code listings up to top + of section + +2002-09-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * locations.mk: add FTPDIR + + * Makefile (inst-html): goes to $(FTPDIR) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): rebalance + "characters commands as commands" and "active chars in command + arguments" + + * dirctan.tex: add concmath-f (the fonts) + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Fonts (or something)}): tidy up, and add + ctan references to the fonts mentioned + + * faqbody.tex (section{Fonts}): new section, to include metafont stuff + and postscript font issues (was \MF and \MP, and \PS and \TeX) + (section{Graphics}): new section, from add-general, plus \MP in + ghostscript (from old \MF and \MP) and drawing stuff from tables, + figures and diagrams + v3.0.1u, today + (subsection{Making things stay where you want them}): mention + flafter.sty in Q-floats + +2002-08-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add latexmake + + * Makefile.CTAN (all): add Makefile itself + + * Makefile (ctan): remove commented-out ftp target + + * add-general.tex (subsection{How do I do X in (La)TeX}): more work on + the Makefile question (really for doc management, now, i suppose) + + * locations.mk: new file of "private" locations, that won't go on CTAN + + * Makefile: move explicit locations out to locations.mk + + * dirctan.tex: texhax is browsable + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): typos/minor corrections + to latex bug and additions to the faq questions + (section{The joy of \TeX{} errors}): typend and unkgrfextn from + add-general + v3.0.1t, today + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add \pkgoption + + * faq.sty: add \pkgoption + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): amalgamated + graphics extension bit with earlier one + + * additions.tex: pl4.1k, today + + * filectan.tex: add gkpmac + + * dirctan.tex: add ccfonts and concmath + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Fonts (or something)}): new subsection + for question from josé carlos santos about concrete + +2002-08-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): provide some sort of + completion for pdftex graphics question, and do first version of dvips + graphics + (subsection{The Joy of TeX errors}): tidy up "... say \end" + + * dirctan.tex: add jpeg2ps, bmeps + + * filectan.tex: add resume + + * dirctan.tex: add currvita + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): update + curriculum vita question with rec for currvita + (section{Introduction}): hans nordhaug to list of contributors + + * additions.tex: pl4.1j, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros}): first pass of + \newcommand answer complete (do we need \@ifundefined, \@ifnextchar?) + +2002-08-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): editorial from santos + +2002-08-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): mention pdflscape.sty in the + landscape question + v3.0.1r, today + +2002-08-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Footnotes}): make reference to \footref in + "texts are identical" + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): editorials + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): mention \gobble and + \iffalse ... \fi in "comments" question + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add cmdinvoke with mandatory argument + followed by optional one + + * dirctan.tex: add subfiles + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): add reference + to subfiles system in "report from lots of articles" + v3.0.1q, today + + * additions.tex: pl4.1i, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The joy of TeX errors}): new answer (from + a post by heiko oberdiek), about "unknown graphics extension" + +2002-08-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): editorials, + including rearranging "unnumbered sections in toc" + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): editorials + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): editorials + + * add-general.tex (subsection{"Generic" macros}): first paragraph of + question on understanding latex command declarations + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): minor editorials + (section{Bibliographies and citations}): minor editorials, split into + subsections + (section{PS and TeX}): excise any mention of mathpple + + * filectan.tex: give TeX-FAQ a filename (ha ha) + + * dirctan.tex: remove TeX-FAQ (the old faq) + +2002-08-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): talk down + dropping package in Q-dropping (ha ha) + (subsection*{Finding the Files}): slight editorial + (section{The Background}): various holiday editorials + (section{Documentation and Help}): added joy of tex to list of books(!) + v3.0.1p, today + +2002-08-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: + 3.0.1o, today + (sections{The Background,Bits and pieces of TeX}): minor tidies and + updates + +2002-07-31 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.1h, today + + * add-general.tex + (subsections{Generic and LaTeX macros}): frameworks for a couple of new + questions + + * faqbody.tex + v3.0.1n, today + (section{Macro programming}): split into two halves, "generic" and + latex + +2002-07-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex + (section{Documentation and Help}): add wilkins' pllong.pdf to the + tutorials section + v3.0.1m, today + +2002-07-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Symbols, etc.}): add mention of encoding problems, and suggest + \char`\_, in underscore question + +2002-07-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): add stabular + to the long table stuff + v3.0.1l, today + +2002-07-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0.1k, today + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): record that ec fonts don't cover all + sami languages + (section{Introduction}): add Regnor Jernsletten to helpers' list + +2002-07-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): change \htmlonly to \nothtml in + Y&Y entry (!) + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): move \htmlonly down with the other two + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): micro-typo in doc prep + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): \nothtml problem in encodings + (section{PS and TeX}): add licence remark to txfonts and pxfonts + (section{PS and TeX}): mention dvips -G1 bugfix (which version is it?) + v3.0.1j, today + +2002-07-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): moved \nothtml and \latexhtml to the end + of the big block of conversions, so their arguments get processed + before they do (probably need to do same for other similar commands) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): \begin{footnoteenv} on a line + by itself (and three other places in the document) + (subsection{Things have "gone away"}): typo correction for msx/y font + ctanrefs environment + v3.0.1i, today + (section{Installing AllTeX files}): add Q-miktexinst from add-general + (section{The Background}): also tidy Q-MP + +2002-07-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@stripos2.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): more work on + the cm-pfb fonts question + +2002-07-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): correct typos; + add disclaimer about miktex failing to know about a package + +2002-07-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.1g, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing (La)TeX files}): new question + about installing from miktex + + * faqbody.tex:: v3.0.1h, today + (section{Installing (La)TeX files}): make reference to new question on + miktex installation + +2002-07-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.1f, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): bit of editing + of the cm-type1 question + +2002-07-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Format conversions}): added info (from Alejandro Lopez- + Valencia) about using acrobat 5 to produce output via word 2000 (!) + +2002-07-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add system and OS info + to the list of things people should report, when appropriate. + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Installing AllTeX files}): start on + questions about installing fonts, and installing type 1 cm in + particular + + * faqbody.tex (section{MF and MP}): make the reference to bluesky to + mention browsing + v3.0.1g, today + + * dirctan.tex: Make bluesky browsable + +2002-06-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date (not changing minor version number) + (section{Support Packages for TeX}): correct support reference for + xfig, and mention jfig in that question + +2002-06-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): minor usage mods + in "rerun" question, suggested by john palmieri + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): remove \end{document} + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0.1f, today + +2002-06-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct address for + Peter Flynn's intro, which has moved with site re-org + 3.0.1e, today + +2002-06-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Page layout}): mention full document in + landscape orientation in landscape question, and include geometry for + that + v3.0.1d, today + +2002-06-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): url for x-symbol + v3.0.1c, today + +2002-06-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): CTAN-refer to oberdiek + + * dirctan.tex: add epstopdf, rename pagesel as oberdiek + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): start on pdftex question + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): deal with overflowing column + in second example definition of "log-like" \diag + +2002-06-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN: removed required-questions + +2002-06-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (three places): remove \Destination commands + v3.0.1a, today + +2002-06-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0.1, today + (section{Current TeX Projects}): web2c* for sources; final editorial + work on document prep question + (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): weasel words around dvilj + + * dirctan.tex: add web2c*; remove pdftex, dviljk; update + french-(le|pro) + +2002-06-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): "typesetting a + file in verbatim" -> drop the "in" + (section{Current TeX Projects}): typo in the web question + (section{Current TeX Projects}): several gross typos in the wysiwyg + question, and new intro para + v3.0h, today + +2002-06-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0g, today + (section{Current TeX Projects}): new question re-derived from david + kastrup's input on wysiwyg + (section{The Background}): david kastrup's stuff moved away from here + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): rearrange deckchairs slightly so + \cmdinvoke "long forms" are scanned before shorter equivalents + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Spacing of characters and lines}): minor + reword to change emphasis of doublespace document + +2002-06-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0f, today + (section{Macro programming}): correct minor think-o in opt args + question yesterday + (section{The Background}): lots more editorial work on wysiwyg + + * texfaq2html-beta: require sanitize-beta.pl + + * Makefile (inst-perl-beta): install sanitize-beta + +2002-06-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): moved wysiwyg question over + (section{Macro programming}): the two command argument answers, too + + * additions.tex: pl4.1e, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): new answer on >1 + optional argument + (subsection{The background}): editorial work on david kastrup's + splendid contribution + (subsection{Macro programming}): added ctanrefs for Q-moren9 + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add \cmdinvoke{name}[opt] + +2002-06-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Mathematics}): refer to amsthm proof env + +2002-06-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Installing AllTeX files}): add .mf to wherefiles + +2002-05-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{The background}): revision of wysiwyg + question, courtesy of david kastrup + + * dirctan.tex: added texmacs and preview-latex + +2002-05-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: distinguish sections and subsections in index.html, and + change the trailer of each question to be a bit like that of the web + version + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta: distinguish sections and subsections in + the listing of questions at the start + +2002-05-25 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex,dirctan.tex,faqbody.tex: uktug-faq -> faq throughout + (file names as well as email address) + + * Makefile (inst-html): add README + + * README: first stab at this; done for thomas esser's benefit + + * Makefile.CTAN: replace 00readme with README, add sanitize.pl and + texfaq2file + + * additions.tex: pl4.1c, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): typo in words about + tex-by-topic on web, so reworded slightly, too + v3.0d, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): added question on >9 + arguments + (subsection{Graphics}): finished first pass on general question; added + headers for dvips and pdflatex graphics + +2002-05-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl4.1b, today + + * filectan.tex: add epsf.tex + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Graphics}): start of a witter about + graphics inclusion in general + + * dirctan.tex: add dtxtut + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0c, today + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): add ref to dtxtut + +2002-05-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document management}): rename question to + "conditional compilation and comments" + +2002-05-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): mathpazo now v1.003 + + * Makefile (ctan): use newly-defined $CTAN_ROOT and $CTAN_HOME + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): redo text about euro in light + of the discovery that the commission now accepts non-sans symbols + v3.0b, today + +2002-05-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macro programming}): \p@enumii needs + \renewcommand + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Macro programming}): tidy and extend + catcodes question + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): removed \acro round micropress + font name "capitals" part, and corrected "ps math"->"pa math"(!) + (section{Bibliographies and citations}): reword answer on multiple + citations + +2002-05-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Document structure}): balancing columns (as + amended) from add-general + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): letter classes from add- + general + v3.0a, today + +2002-05-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (subsection{How do I do X in (La)TeX}): remove + reference to baltools in "balancing columns" question + (subsection{Alternative document classes}): twiddle the wording a bit + (subsection{Macro programming}): more scribbling in "defining macro + from argument" + +2002-05-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added testflow + +2002-05-14 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add akletter, dinbrief, newlfm; remove aladdin + + * additions.tex: pl4.1, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Alternative document classes}): letter + classes + +2002-05-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): \WYSIWYG translate as WYSIWYG(!) + + * additions.tex: pl4.0, today + + * faqbody.tex: v3.0, today + + * texfaq2html: added provision for subsections + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): add latex->plain from + add-general + (section{The Background}): latex<->plain from add-general + (subsection{Document structure}): "really blank pages" from add-general + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): decimal comma from add-general + (subsection{Document management}): RCS question from add-general + (subsection{Typesetting specialities}): breaking boxes from add-general + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): floats on their own float + pages from add-general + +2002-05-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): rearranged, and + stuff moved out; suppressed question about miktex format creation + (section{PostScript and TeX}): moved charshift in here for want of + anything better... + (subsection{Page layout}): landscape orientation (from "specialities") + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Format Conversions}): for part of the + latex->tex question (also edited a bit) + + * additions.tex: pl3.9m, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): split bug question in + two, taking stuff from add-general + (section{Documentation and Help}): "how to ask a question" from + add-general + (section{Bibliographies and citations}): "bib->html" from add-general + (section{The Background}): add explanation of the acronym in the + wysiwyg question + v2.5.8u, today + +2002-05-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9l, today + + * add-general.tex (subsection{You're still stuck?}): add details of + using the bugs web page to question on latex bug reports + (subsection{How do I do X in (La)TeX}): tidy wrapping in norman gray's + question + +2002-05-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add rcs + + * add-general.tex (subsection{How do I do X in (La)TeX}): rcs question, + courtesy of norman gray + + * additions.tex: pl3.9k, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): tidied text about cygwin + +2002-05-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8t, today + (section{TeX Systems}): add reference to tetex for cygwin + +2002-04-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): added peter flynn's + tutorial to tutorials question + + * add-general.tex (subsection{Documentation and Help}): new question on + how to formulate questions (self-referential or what?) + (subsection{The Background}): minor tidy of translation question + (throughout): removed most \Destination commands + + * additions.tex: pl3.9j, today + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8s, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): reword text about google + +2002-04-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: various questions moved around and subsections created + +2002-04-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): suppress + suggestion that dvips is readily available + +2002-04-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: changed date to today + + * dirctan.tex: added feyn + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): correct + ctanrefs references to picins; put picins at the end of the list in + the body of the answer + (subsection{Footnotes}): mention the "table notes" feature of + threeparttable + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): refer to feyn font package + +2002-04-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common misunderstandings}): correction and + improvement to Q-marginparside from Norman Gray + v2.5.8r, today + +2002-04-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: removed three directories that no longer exist + (including dviware/dvipsk) + +2002-04-16 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9i, today + + * add-general.tex: 3 questions->faqbody + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8q, today + (subsection{Tables of contents and indexes}): bibliography and index in + toc from add-general + (subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams}): strutting tables, and long + tables from add-general + +2002-04-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Something or other}): add mention of tracking + to the letterspacing question + + * filectan.tex: added tracking.sty + +2002-03-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9h, today + + * faqbody.tex: bunch more shifting around of questions + v2.5.8p, today + (section{Current TeX Projects}): textrace question, from add-general + + * faq.cls: add \ProvidesClass declaration, use obeyspaces option when + loading url.sty + +2002-03-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): mention DVIWindo as capable of + direct rendering of type1 fonts + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): hack at "making hypertext documents" and + "making acrobat documents", and correct references to [tp]xfonts (the + package name is plural] + v2.5.8o, today + +2002-03-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (subsection{Common errors}): new, under why does it do + that?; plus a whole bunch of new subsections, with corresponding re- + arrangements of text of questions + + * texfaq2html-beta: treat \subsection the same as \section, pro tem + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): ignore \subsection and its arguments + +2002-03-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex: move all the questions into subsections + + * faq.sty: today's date: deemed to be v1.1 (surely as good as any?) + define \subsection as a sort of mini-section (also \l@subsection) + +2002-03-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): mention that + \extracolsep can be cancelled + v2.5.8m, today + +2002-03-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: convert \def\file* + \typeout => \ProvidesPackage (v2.2) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor rewording of + q on breaking boxes of text + +2002-02-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8l, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): refer to ams short math guide + +2002-02-21 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9g, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tidy up breakable + boxes question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): lates gs is 7.04 + v2.5.8k, today + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): eplain defines \path; provide + recipe for using url.sty in plain + +2002-02-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): stupid error in Q-latex2e + + * texfaq2html: the -beta version seems to work, so let's go live with + it... + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): tidy noans and newans, in + particular making use of \href for the mailto url + [preamble]: v2.5.8j, today + + * texfaq2html-beta: first stab at labellisation + +2002-02-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8i, today + (section{The Background}): add link to Q-lit under description of tex + (section{Literate programming}): add reference to + literateprogramming.com in Q-lit + +2002-02-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add framed and shade + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start of breakable + boxes question + +2002-02-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added was (walter schmidt's bits and pieces) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question about + commas as decimal separators + +2002-02-01 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct a \URL|...| + +2002-01-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): first stab at + answer on under- and overfull boxes, made by strapping a few + other people's postings onto a bit of intro stuff of mine + + * additions.tex: pl3.9f, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added pktrace to + textrace question + +2002-01-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): typo spotted by jose carlos santos + (section{Why does it do that?}): typo spotted by j.c.s (again) + +2002-01-17 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9e, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor tweaking of + the bib->html question + +Tue Jan 15 08:02:18 2002 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): added web pointers to + some known latex documentation, rewrote mention of tex by topic + v2.5.8h, today + +Sun Jan 13 22:17:28 2002 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9d, today + + * filectan.tex: add noTeX, bbl2html + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add question on + bib->html, starting with noTeX, bbl2html + +2002-01-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): change information + about texhax, and provide url for finding info about tex lists via + heidelberg + v2.5.8g, today + +2002-01-09 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): mention the m$ euro code + + * faq.sty: change \Question \@startsection parameters to allow less + space between questions, and to use \normalsize bold text + +2002-01-08 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9c, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): answer on + translating latex to plain, directly copied from Jules Bean on c.t.t + + * dirctan.tex: removed all the obsolete/dviware things, the format- + dumper fantasies, systems/knuth/dviware and dvitodvi + + * filectan.tex: correct axodraw + + * newfaq.tex,newfaq-patch.tex,letterfaq.tex: \typeout at end report + \thequestion, not \thesubsection + + * faq.sty: redo \question as a \@startsection in its own right with its + own counter), and remove all the kerfuffle needed to make it work + mapping to \subsection; also remove \subquestion and the like + +2002-01-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8f, today + (section{Introduction}): tidy reference to alternative html, remove + dick nickalls from the list of non-members of the committee + (section{The Background}): rewrite texinfo entry to mention texi2html + (section{The Background}): various other entries: provide pointers to + distributions in ctanrefs envs at end of questions + +2002-01-03 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): remove requirement for \nobreakspace to + have trailing {} (dunno why this makes it work, mind you...) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies and citations}): change ~ in + \href anchor to \nobreakspace + (section{Symbols, etc.}): change ~ at end of \href to \nobreakspace + +2002-01-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): all double-line + \Destination commands forced onto single line + (section{Proposed new questions}): tidy up question on long tables + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): escape "*" in \cmdinvoke* :-} + +Tue Jan 1 09:12:47 2002 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9b, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): finish off + longtable question + +Sat Dec 29 22:52:52 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8e, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): various corrections to books, on + advice from Barbara Beeton (including removing Gr"atzer's math into + tex, which is superseded by math into latex) + +Wed Dec 26 00:28:32 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): add * version of 2-mandatory-arg + \cmdinvoke + + * faq.sty: make \cmdinvoke take * (for meta-arguments) + + * filectan.tex: add ltxtable + + * dirctan.tex: add xtab + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start new question + on long tables + +Tue Dec 25 09:15:35 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.8d, today + +Mon Dec 24 17:37:18 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8c, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): add tex by topic to "tutorials"; + remove it from "books" + (section{The Background}): switch reference to tex by topic + (section{Documentation and Help}): restore tex by topic to "books", at + victor's suggestion, and cross-link to tutorials + +2001-12-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8b, today + + * dirctan.tex: add nedit-latex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): explain that the java + version is called nts + (section{TeX Systems}): added reference to the nedit stuff in editors + and shells + +2001-12-18 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): Added question on + submitting latex bug reports; minor tidies to question on array + spacing + (section{Proposed new questions}): new version of q-bug + +Sun Dec 16 10:17:08 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today + + * dirctan.tex: add booktabs + + * filectan.tex: add tabls + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + array strutting + + * sanitize.pl (sanitize_line): added \'o (for peter szabo) + +Sat Dec 15 10:56:39 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9a, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on + textrace, with references to existing outputs + + * dirctan.tex: added cm-super and ec-type1 + + * filectan.tex: added musixtex-type1 + + * Makefile.CTAN (all): remove newfaq.workers + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.8a, today + (section{Symbols, etc.}): removed second mention of europs<->eurosans + difference in recommendation at end of adobe subsection + +2001-12-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): added mention of latin9 and its + implications + +2001-12-10 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.9 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Symbols, etc.}): added euro question from + add-general + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added bold-xy and ragged + questions from add-general + v2.5.8 + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): yet more fiddling + with euro question + slight typo corrected in "cancelling ragged" question; comment out text + referring to donald's flushboth (which hasn't surfaced yet) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): minor tidy of omega q + +Mon Dec 10 07:30:22 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.7i, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): revision and + slight extension of euro question + +Sun Dec 9 23:19:29 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): slight further reduction + of random twaddle in text of nts q + +2001-12-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add nts + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): deflower phil's text + about nts a bit, and add reference to public release of nts/java + + * additions.tex: pl3.8b, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): bunch of new stuff + on how to typeset euros (from yesterday and today) + + * dirctan.tex: add china2e, eurosym, eurofont + +2001-12-06 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): good start on euro + question + + * dirctan.tex: add euro-fonts, marvosym-fonts + +2001-12-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): added scott pakin's + keywords to symbol list question + v2.5.7h, today + (section{The Background}): correct \href for context + +2001-12-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): correct syntax + for latest version of pdfpages package + v2.5.4g, today + (section{Introduction}): add Andreas Matthias to list of benefactors + +2001-11-28 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.7f, today + (section{PS and TeX}): tidy up question about metrics, add reference to + ly1 and to walter's site of extra goodies and, and, and... + +2001-11-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): spell martin + schröder's name right + +2001-11-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.7e, today + + * additions.tex: pl4.8a, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add question on + flushboth (after discussion with da) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): saturday's -{}- -> -\relax- + +Sat Nov 24 09:47:06 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): -- (in "verbatim" bits convert) to -{}-, + and where necessary convert |..--..| -> \texttt{..-{}-..} + v2.5.7d, today + (section{Introduction}): add thomas esser + +2001-11-23 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): amend words about + metafun manual, and redirect web address to ntg site + v2.5.7c, today + +2001-11-22 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): \nothtml-tidy typo correction + +2001-11-20 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.7b, today + (sections {The Background}, {Acquiring the Software}): micro-editorials + from Jose Carlos Oliveira Santos + (section{The Background}): added a ref to the ntg copy of context web + site (pending the arrival of a "real" one...) + +2001-11-15 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): "tiny typo" + (\pagnumbering) in "eliminating page numbers" + v2,5,7a, today + (section{TeX Systems}): first stab (pre-ctan availability) of reference + to macos x tetex and texshop; added reference under "unix" to "mac" + (section{Current TeX Projects}): correct signup address for omega list + (section{TeX Systems}): corrected spelling of wierda + (section{Documentation and Help}): tug.org copy of bausum's list + +2001-11-13 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.8, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add a question on + bold tt and csc + + * filectan.tex: add bold-extra + + * faqbody.tex (throughout}): \CTAN{}->\acro{CTAN} + +2001-11-07 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): change references to miktex + v2.5.7, today + + * dirctan.tex: remove miktex directory + + * filectan.tex: replace miktex-zip with miktex-install and miktex-setup + +2001-11-05 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7l, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): mention + ntheorem in "roman theorems", use \upshape instead of \rm in original + example + 2.5.6k, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tocbibind question + +Sat Nov 3 15:29:07 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): moved code + listings from "how do i do x" + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): removed text about 209 in + "log-like function" + (section{Things are Going Wrong}): remove rmnonsense question, and + reference to it in "missing symbol commands"; tidy up "missing symbol + commands", and add ctanrefs for amsfonts + (section{Things are Going Wrong}): ctanrefs for msx/y question + +Wed Oct 31 23:10:31 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): finished belleek stuff + +Tue Oct 30 23:35:48 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add belleek (just the .zip file) + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): mention belleek (needs url for + paper) + +2001-10-30 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (inst-perl*): add sanitize_line + + * texfaq2file,texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta: require sanitize.pl, remove + sanitize_line + + * sanitize.pl: new file, providing sanitize_line for texfaq2* + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): not :8080 for omega site + +Tue Oct 30 00:14:29 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): update omega question + +Mon Oct 29 22:32:39 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): use richard's words re. truetype + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): detail the further brilliant + things titlesec can do in re. \subsubsubsection + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): remove misleading remark about + titlesec's capabilities re. \part + v2.5.6l, today + +2001-10-29 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies and citations}): change title + from just "bibliographies" + (section{PS and TeX}): change listing of {cm,ams}-amstype1 to "browse" + (section{TeX Systems}): change to truetex entry as per mail from + richard + +Sun Oct 28 09:19:36 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): correct html problem + spotted by donald a, and modify \xspace question according to his + caveats + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2file (sanitize_line): add + nullification of \relax at end + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): comlete tidying-up the outline + fonts question (no more now until i've viewed the result on paper) + +Sat Oct 27 00:55:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PS and TeX}): corrections/extensions from Walter + Schmidt, started work on ctanrefs env at end of question + (section{Introduction}): add Walter's name to list + + * dirctan.tex: add eulervm + + * faqbody.tex (section{Typesetting particular types of documents}): + moved typesetting a thesis here + (section{Bibliographies}): rearranged to put things relating to + creating the bib together at the start of the section, with "using" it + (macros etc) afterwards; moved citing urls in here + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): replacement "how to approach", + new "missing number" questions from add-general + + * additions.tex: pl3.7k, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): rewrite + parenthetical remarks about gill, correct parentheses later on + v2.5.6k, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): yet again correct + wrapping of examples in "macros from command arguments" (will get it + right eventually...) + +Mon Oct 22 12:48:28 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): work on active + character questions (can we do without a screed on catcodes + altogether?) + + * texfaq2file,texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): add + \textbar + + * faq.sty: add definition of \textbar + +Sat Oct 20 08:26:05 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): correct josé carlos santos' name + +2001-10-19 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): add a label to + "alignment of tabular cells" question + v2.5.6j, today + +2001-10-12 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7.l1 {since redone}, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): redoing work done + at home decreasing the verbosity of the replacement error approach q, + and tidying it up + +2001-10-11 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): slight rewording of + Q-atvert to take account of "improper \spacefactor" (which appeared in + a question on c.t.t) + v2.5.6i, today + +Sat Oct 6 09:17:26 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7k, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tidied missing + number question, start on question on skips vs. dimens + +2001-10-04 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7j, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + "missing number" + +Tue Oct 2 22:45:47 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7i, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): revision of + general approach errors question, taking account of trace package + +2001-10-02 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): gratuitous tidying of + mail list text + +2001-09-26 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): greek->Greek + (for epsilon in question about logos and things) + + * texfaq2file (oh_dear): don't print wrapper for message... + (two other places): replace "die" with call to oh_dear + +Mon Sep 24 22:41:48 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.6h, yesterday (forgot the change then) + + * additions.tex: pl3.7h, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tiny typo + correction in \clearemptydoublepage answer + +2001-09-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added memoir + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on + empty pages between chapters + +Sun Sep 23 15:37:53 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + what to do when asked to type \end + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): "referring to + things by name" from add-general + (section{Bibliographies}): "listing all bib entries" from add-general + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): wrap dvi version + of some of examples in "defining macro from arg" question (and adjust + the title of the question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): a couple of + issues raised in proofreading (principally in description of xindy) + +Mon Sep 10 14:52:09 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): muck about with the "alternative + versions text, and add reference to the pdf copies on ctan + + * filectan.tex: added uktug-faq-{a4,letter} + +Sun Sep 9 00:43:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add titleref + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on title + references (first stab) + + * additions.tex: pl3.7g, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + \nocite{*} + + * dirctan.tex: add fonts/amsfonts/{latex/plaintex} + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): rehash of + blackboard bold question + +Sat Sep 8 22:02:04 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added ntheorem + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): twiddling with the over- + full boxes question + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): answer the "end proof + environment with symbol" question in the affirmative, ref. ntheorem + v2.5.6g, today + +Fri Sep 7 17:01:12 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7f, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): question on overfull + lines from add-general + v2.5.6f, today + +Thu Sep 6 09:54:29 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta: minor tidies to make uniform with + texfaq2file + +Wed Sep 5 17:55:48 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): tidying wysiwyg question + (again) + +Tue Sep 4 23:03:11 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): a little tidying + of the new question + +Tue Sep 4 17:32:47 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7e, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): bit of tidying of + one-float-per-page question, new question on defining commands whose + name arrives in an argument + +Tue Aug 28 13:01:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): correct typo + (section{The Background}): reading tex files, and why not wysiwyg from + add-general + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): \end in group from add-general + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): dropped capitals from + add-general + +Tue Aug 28 11:37:17 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (clean): delete _all_ *.out + +Mon Aug 27 10:53:49 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): normalise ctan etex and + pdftex references (and thus reword a little) + + * dirctan.tex: make e-tex and pdftex *-directories + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new drop caps q + (should we mention dropcaps, if only to deprecate it?) + (section{Proposed new questions}): couple of \end{verbatim} missing + from end groups question(!) + + * dirctan.tex: add dropping, lettrine + +Sun Aug 26 10:24:31 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.6d, today + + * additions.tex: pl3.7d, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor proofreading + edits + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macro programming}): minor proofreading edits + +Sat Aug 25 19:59:17 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macro programming}): added proposed question on + macro programming + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tidying "\end + inside a group" + +Thu Aug 23 15:06:09 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): first outline of + "\end inside a group..." question + +Wed Aug 22 12:28:17 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor proof- + reading changes + + * faq.sty: make \WYSIWYG uppercase the first letter of the start of a + sentence ... mostly + +Sat Aug 18 09:29:00 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): as texfaq2file + + * texfaq2file (sanitize_line): redo definition of \CONTeXT + + * faq.sty: redo definition of \CONTeXT + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): standardise reference to + textcase package + (throughout): standardise on use of \CONTeXT macro + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): putative + completion of the wysiwig question (lordie, is it turgid) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): typo in the "web" bullet + about svg + + * Makefile: have `clean' target get rid of html/* as well as _all_ + *.aux (no need to protect newfaq.aux nowadays), and remove a redundant + second (empty) `ctan' target + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): as texfaq2file + + * texfaq2file (sanitize_line): take {} requirements off definition of + \textasciitilde, so it can be used in \texttt + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): correction/ + improvement of spaces and active chars in arguments questions + +Fri Aug 17 00:53:10 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7c, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): remove (now + unwanted) braces after \textpercent + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): as texfaq2file + + * texfaq2file (sanitize_line): don't have \textpercent requiring braces + after it (since it'll inevitably appear in the argument of \texttt) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): another new + question on unwanted space in macros + +Thu Aug 16 00:36:09 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + active chars in args of other commands + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): correct example in + "structure of errors" + (section{Why does it do that?}): minor improvement of english in "rerun + messages" + (section{Why does it do that?}): move "hash signs doubled in macros" to + macro programming, and change title to "defining macros within macros" + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): a few more words + on wysiwygginess... + +Tue Aug 14 16:16:29 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + installed on ctan; checked-in + + * dirctan.tex,filectan.tex: texsis no longer nonfree + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): revised address for + wilfried hennings' faq + v2.5.6c, today + +Mon Aug 13 01:01:12 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): more twiddles on + "what to do with a latex file" + (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on wysiwyg-ness + + * texfaq2file: sorted archive and format defaults (were left blank) + +Sun Aug 12 01:01:49 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): "what to do with a + (la)tex file" (first version) + + * additions.tex: pl3.7b, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): stray char in + booklist; move reference to errata for math into latex back up where + it belongs near the reference to the book + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): change preamble of + each proposed question to use \Destination + (section{Proposed new questions}): add reference to paragraph parameter + problem in \tolerance question + + * faq.sty: add \Destination + + * texfaq2file (sanitize_line): add \Destination + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): as texfaq2file + + * texfaq2file (sanitize_line): redo definition of \keywords to produce + html comments (works! ... if not subsequently translated to html ;-), + and place it at the end of if (converting ...) section + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): verbatim \'e (again) + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): and again + v2.5.6b, today + +Fri Aug 10 14:21:38 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): silliness of html trans + v2.5.6a, today -- checkin + +Thu Aug 9 12:42:56 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: set \@rightskip, not \rightskip, in def of ctanrefs env + + * additions.tex: pl3.7a, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start of question + about tolerance (yeah, man) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): missing paren added + in Q-nohyph + +Tue Aug 7 14:41:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): correct + list info for music list + +Mon Aug 6 16:50:12 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * [various]: checkin + +Mon Aug 6 13:18:02 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.7, today + + * Makefile.CTAN (DEST): new location (oops!) + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.6, today + +Sun Aug 5 00:31:07 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): correct urls for html + upload scripts + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): pkfix question from add-general + (section{Macro programming}): comparing the job name question (ditto) + (section{Why does it do that?}): commands gobbling space (ditto) + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): repeating footnotes (ditto) + (section{Macro programming}): argument a number (ditto) + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): altering tabular cell + alignment (ditto) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): finally struggled + through section on catcodes of question on catcodes and tokens + + * texfaq2file,texfaq2html,texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): added + \environment translation(!) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): |\\|->|\||\| + throughout + + * texfaq2file: add ability to read files whose names appear on $ARGV; + correct test for new faq sections at the start of while <TEXFAQ> (NB + still a problem with \begin{center}\itshape in add-* files) + +Sat Aug 4 09:21:21 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file (sanitize_line): update to latest version from ...2html + +Fri Aug 3 20:03:18 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): correct typos in + tabular cell alignment question + +Fri Aug 3 14:58:31 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): added cross-references + for symbols, as suggested by scott pakin + v2.5.5f, today + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): completed question + (started last night at home) on \centering et al in tabular + +Thu Aug 2 22:11:35 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.6f, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + detecting numbers + +Thu Aug 2 09:44:18 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): ctan-ann at dante.de + v2.5.5e, today + +Wed Jul 25 11:27:01 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): typo in eitan's name + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question about + \xspace + +Wed Jul 25 00:07:47 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): add a word about + mirroring + + * faq.sty: define pdfversion and dviversion on the basis of \ifpdf + + * additions.tex: pl3.6e, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): added heiko's name to list of + helpers + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question about + comparing \jobname to something + +Tue Jul 24 22:25:54 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): rewritten the upload + question to reflect what goes on in the real world now + + * texfaq2html[-beta] (sanitize_line): add \PS{} + + * faq.sty: add \PS command + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.5d, today + (throughout): postscript->\PS{}, ghostscript all l-c; various other + minor changes + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): postscript->\PS{} + throughout + +Mon Jul 23 12:13:51 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): reword the pkfix + question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): add reference to + spell checkers in winedt and 4alltex (last available separately, + 4spell) + (section{TeX Systems}): junk win3.1 section of editors and shells + v2.5.5c, today + +Fri Jul 20 00:22:56 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.6c, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + pkfix + +Thu Jul 19 17:31:25 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macro programming}): minor typo in list + numbering question + +Thu Jul 19 13:55:55 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.5b, today + (section{The Background}): inappropriate line wrap corrected, given up + on \nobreakspace, pro tem + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): add \nobreakspace [doesn't work...] + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): yet more fiddling + with the fixed footnotes question + +Tue Jul 17 13:41:03 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): witter about knuth's eminence + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): add \nobreakspace... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): \url->\URL in books + question + (section{The Background}): Donald E.\nobreakspace{}Knuth ;-) + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tidy of fixed ftnt + question + +Mon Jul 16 17:54:15 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: v3.6a, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): finished question + on fixed-text footnotes (1st draft, anyway) + +Sun Jul 15 22:14:41 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start of a + question on repeating footnotes + + * dirctan.tex: added fixfoot + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): join up the two download lines + (and alternative urls) for miktex + (section{Hypertext and PDF}): adjust the blurb in the first question, + for consistency, and wind down the implication that the hypertex + project is an ongoing thing + (section{PostScript and TeX}): rehash the basic "using ps fonts" q, add + mention in the previewing question that recent xdvis cope with type1 + fonts + v2.5.5a, today + +Sat Jul 14 10:10:11 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.5, today + (section{Installing \AllTeX{} files}): new section, holding two + installation questions from "acquiring the software" and the "temp + installation question from add-general + + * additions.tex: pl3.6, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): move "format of + labels","multiple citations","widows and orphans","retrieving tex...", + "bits of docs" (changed title and label name),"extending tex paths" + (again, changed title to "temporary installation") -> faqbody + +Thu Jul 12 16:19:25 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{MF and MP}): add further caveats to this + question (derived from a post by dan luecking) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): final tweaking of + revised margins question -- back to faqbody, replacing old version + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): reference + harvard as a possible source of urls-in-biblios + v2.5.4q, today + +Tue Jul 10 10:34:16 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): more fiddling with + the margins faq + +Mon Jul 9 16:46:44 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.5o, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): proposed new + version of the change margins faq + +Thu Jul 5 16:17:44 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): insert Q-TUG* in place of + Q-TUG and the two following + (section{You're still stuck?}): change reference to be to Q-TUG* (and + elsewhere, plus change on reference to Q-othergroups to a reference to + ntg's website) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): remove Q-TUG* + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.4p, today + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): text from Norman Gray added + (section{Introduction}): add Norman Gray to the list of helpers + +Tue Jun 19 10:38:45 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add xpdf + + * additions.tex: pl5.5m, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): reference + pdftotext from xpdf in the "final->revisable" question + +Fri Jun 15 10:21:57 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta,texfaq2html (sanitize_line): deal with tildes in + urls in \href commands too + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to hans' + metafun manual + v2.5.4o, today + (section{Introduction}): thanks to sanjoy mahajan + +Thu Jun 14 10:37:46 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html[-beta] (sanitize_line): correct \textcbracesymbol in both + +Tue Jun 12 13:10:08 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: as -beta + + * texfaq2html-beta: translate keyword spaces to + (and vice versa) when + initialising $original_keyword and $keyword + +Mon May 28 10:30:47 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added question on + \p@... commands + +Sun May 27 23:58:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.5l, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): quick question on + mcite + +Thu May 24 10:21:33 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: add \environment command + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): one use of + \environment + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies}): moved "bibtex with plain tex" + from "how to do" + today's date (same version no) + (throughout): use \environment + + * additions.tex: pl3.5k, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add ps2ascii to + the list of tools for retrieving source from final form output + +Wed May 23 09:32:48 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): more alternatives for + avoiding the use of \verb, in Q-verbwithin + 2.5.4n, today + +Tue May 22 09:43:20 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html,texfaq2file (sanitize_line): add \Class translations from + texfaq2html-beta + +Mon May 21 18:04:02 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): \endhtmlignore in + tutorial question!!! + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): \thispagestyle is what + chapters and things use ... change Q-nopageno + +Fri May 18 12:45:03 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): emphasised the scottishness of + "loch" in the silly thing about pronunciation + +Wed May 16 15:08:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): couple of typos in + balancing question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to david + basum's list of tex primitives to "online tutorials", pointing out + that it's reference rather than tutorial... + (section{Macro programming}): refer to patchcmd as a package... + (section{Current TeX Projects}): correct reference to latex + experimental code, minor tidies of omega, nts entries + +Mon May 14 15:15:23 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.4l, today + (throughout): bunch of "unguarded" \dots had {} appended... + +Wed May 2 00:07:49 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}, {how do i do}, {macro + programming}, {special sorts of typesetting}, etc): accession of + questions from add-general.tex + + * additions.tex: pl3.5j, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): numerous minor + editorial hackettes... + +Tue May 1 23:50:40 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.4k, today + (section{Format conversions}): correct url for w3.org + (section{Why does it do that?}): no need for \verb if \texttt will do + (unamended...) + +Tue May 1 10:04:13 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): couple of tidies in + \verb question so's texfaq2html can cope (both applied to current web + copy too) + +Mon Apr 30 16:36:54 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macro programming}): restore missing + \endhtmlignore in "optional arguments like \section" + +Fri Apr 27 12:02:02 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies}): added reference to multibbl + + * dirctan.tex: added dpfloat + + * faqbody.tex (section{Typesetting particular types of documents}): add + reference to pdfpages to "report from lots of..." + + * additions.tex: pl3.5i, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): add reference to \string + inside \texttt as a means of avoiding \verb in command args + v2.5.4j, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + widows and orphans + + * dirctan.tex: added curve (oh joy!) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Typesetting particular types of documents}): + added curve to the cv question + +Thu Apr 26 10:01:23 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): \href-ise question on + sources of faqs, and add reference to the latex navigator + (section{The joy of \TeX{} errors}): removed {center}ed note of where + question was to go to, in Q-atvert... (emergency patch to copy on web + site, too!) + +Wed Apr 25 14:40:22 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): added a bit of + uncertainty about the name of the localtexmf tree ;-) + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): added multiple indexing + and zero paragraph indent questions from add-general + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added footnotes in + captions question from add-general + +Tue Apr 24 12:00:01 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added urls to tug + article + (section{Proposed new questions}): adjust the balance columns question + to mention patricks balance.sty and to rename mine baltools.sty + +Sun Apr 22 00:07:16 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): TUG article now + only awaiting urls + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): bunch of rewriting \URL commands as \href + commands (incomplete) + + * Makefile (html): new target to run texfaq2file + +Sat Apr 21 18:19:23 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on t1 + type 1 fonts, and one (as yet incomplete) to replace all three on TUG/ + other user groups + + * additions.tex: v3.5h, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Hypertext and PDF}): new section starting with + three questions from the "format conversion" section + v2.5.4i, today + +Fri Apr 20 14:38:55 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.5g, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): questions on + tabularx and so on, and on non-terminating "rerun" diagnostics + +Wed Apr 18 10:38:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added a changebars + question + + * filectan.tex: add vertbars.sty and backgrnd.tex + + * dirctan.tex: moved our location to uk-tex-faq + + * additions.tex: pl3.5f, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): mention \[sub] + includefrom commands in the blurb about import.sty + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.4h, today + (section{Acquiring the Software}): moved findpkg, siteindex and + websearch questions to "acquiring the software", and edit blooper out + of findpkg + +Mon Apr 16 00:16:21 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start on question + about retrieving tex-ish source from final form files + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added list + spacing question from add-general (should this really go to + typesetting?) + (section{Macro programming}): opt arg and counter-label questions from + add-general + (throughout): minor editorial change + (section{Acquiring the Software}): make reference to web access in the + question about archives, and remove reference to the DECUS collection + (section{Acquiring the Software}): tone down the question about finding + fonts (how does one do this nowadays?) + (section{Format conversions}): refer to w3c page on ->html conversion + +Sun Apr 15 00:12:06 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed the + "finding a document's files" proto-question, now taken over by + "extending search paths" + + * faqbody.tex (section{You're still stuck?}): add "you don't understand + the answer", and "submitting new answers" questions from add-general + (section renamed from "perhaps there isn't an answer") + v2.5.4g, today + + * markup-syntax: grand updating (for the submission faq) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): more new uns: opt + args that behave like \section's, \refstepcounter and submitting + material to the faq + + * additions.tex: pl3.5e, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): two new questions, + on extending path searches (needs careful review) and on loading files + from other directories (the import package) + +Sat Apr 14 18:52:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add import.sty (up-to-date or what?) + +Fri Apr 13 16:50:41 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added pkfix, preprint + +Thu Apr 12 11:28:24 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): reference to + anonchap (and incidentally tocbibind) in "style of section headings" + + * filectan.tex: added anonchap + +Tue Apr 10 00:00:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\MF{} and \MP{}}): renamed section, added + question on \MP{} prologues from add-general + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): added questions on style of + captions and of document titles, from add-general, and style of + section headings and indent after section headings from herein, "how + do I do?" + + * texfaq2file: removed redundant $href_script, remove echoing of + archive list + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.4f, today + + * additions.tex: pl3.5d, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macro programming}): new section with vaguely + programming-related things (6 from "how to do X", one from "things are + going wrong" and one from "why does it", plus a new one from + add-general.tex + +Mon Apr 9 23:59:40 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Typesetting particular types of documents}): + changed section name + +Mon Apr 9 12:08:07 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): <some damned thing> + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): incorporated donald a's + comments on the hyphenation and raggedness questions + +Sun Apr 8 00:32:22 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2file: quick'n'dirty html file generator + +Sat Apr 7 16:35:58 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): define \Class + + * faq.sty: add definition of \Class + + * additions.tex: pl3.5c, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on zero + parindent/non-zero parskip + + * filectan.tex: add parskip + +Thu Apr 5 10:25:00 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + determining which side of the page we're on + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): hyphenation and + ragged right questions from add-general + v2.5.4e, today + +Wed Apr 4 13:16:41 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added patchcmd + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): refer to + patchcmd in question on (er) patching commands + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): bit more + detail on the behaviour of ragged2e + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies}): bibtex string too long + question moved here from "things going wrong" + +Wed Apr 4 00:09:17 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on ragged + right setting, needed by the now-finished hyphenation question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): added reference to + hyphenat in question about why hyphenation isn't happening + + * dirctan.tex: added hyphenat, schroeder + + * additions.tex: today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): started "no + hyphenation" question + +Tue Apr 3 00:21:27 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): tidy marginpar and + pictex questions + v2.5.4d, today + (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): \tenrm question, remove .sty from + rawfonts + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor tidies of + the two caption questions + + * additions.tex: today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): do example in + caption format question in the usual three styles, and slight change + to text about typesetting caption.dtx for caption2 + +Mon Apr 2 07:56:15 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): skeleton of + question on title formats (vehicle for titling.sty) + + * dirctan.tex: add titling + +Sun Apr 1 20:40:44 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: added chngcntr.sty + + * additions.tex: pl3.5b, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added questions on + caption formats, and on footnotes in captions + + * dirctan.tex: added symbols, caption, ccaption + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): rationalise + mention of chngpage package in "adjusting the margins"; mention + ccaption in the wide figures question; reference to chngcntr in + counter manipulation question + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): slight reword of \@ question + (section{Documentation and Help}): added question about symbols list + (head of file): v2.5.4c, today + +Thu Mar 29 14:13:36 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): as production version + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): ignore \vspace* + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): tidied visual + typesetting so's texfaq2html could cope, added a missing \\ (names + question) + +Wed Mar 28 22:42:32 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added \seename + and \alsoname to the list of names + +Wed Mar 28 09:25:54 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add excel2latex (the .zip file thereof) + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.4a, today, for ctan installation, then v2.5.4b + (section{Format conversions}): added excel2latex + + * dirctan.tex: add fink + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): shortened + written-out code for retaining file names, and added reference to + fink package + +Tue Mar 27 13:05:22 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.5a, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + multiple indexes + + * filectan.tex: added multind.sty + + * dirctan.tex: added camel + +Mon Mar 26 14:08:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.5 + + * texfaq2html: bring up to date with -beta + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.4, today, for release + +Mon Mar 26 00:11:55 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start of questions + on finding files in multi-file docs, and latex makefiles + +Sun Mar 25 10:17:04 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: dated today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies}): added bibtex capitalisation, + cite sorting, \subsubsubsection and file name qs from add-general + dated today + + * add-general.tex: new question on lists + (section{Proposed new questions}): add reference to the companion in + \sub*section question + +Sat Mar 24 15:22:18 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor tidying of + the missing chars question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): added question on web + technologies, from add-general + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added Q-fixnam, with list of + fixed names included + + * add-general.tex: added column balancing question + + * dirctan.tex: added nrc + + * additions.tex: pl3.4m, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): tidy up references to + ghostscript, gsview and (new) ghostview + (throughout): ensure ghostscript is properly referred to + v2.5.3r, today + + * dirctan.tex: restore gsview link as *-directory (this stuff needs + moving on ctan) + + * faqbody.tex (section{MF}): remove reference to paradissa which is no + longer on the archive + + * dirctan.tex: add sttools + removed remaining things found in ctan scan + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): impose consistency on part distributions in + ctanrefs environments + +Fri Mar 23 08:09:03 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.3q, yesterday + + * additions.tex: pl3.4k, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): major hack on the + new web technologies question; new question on what to do if you don't + understand + +Thu Mar 22 10:24:58 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added pmx and mtx + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): tidied feynmann + question, and added reference to axodraw + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): updated the musi[cx] question, + with very aged input from werner icking + + * filectan.tex: added axodraw as a single file (after examining the + actual ctan holding) + + * dirctan.tex: removed axodraw + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): comment out the windows 3.1 stuff + in "editors and shells" (including the reference to eddi4tex), and + refer to the 4alltex cd under (current) windows + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): sorted list of + \*name commands (on the *-bits) and corrected somewhat + + * dirctan.tex: add pdfpages + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): mention + pdfpages in Q-conditional + +Wed Mar 21 13:43:55 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): mention + \verbatimtabinput in verbfile + +Tue Mar 20 07:54:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): suppress mention of + sgmlbase (in the absence of evidence that it's going anywhere beyond + the toy status); masses of tidying of questions + + * dirctan.tex: make psfonts browsable + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): add a 3-mandatory-arg version of + \cmdinvoke; add \ae{} + + * Makefile: add a bunch of short aliases for parts of make patch + + * faq.sty: increase ctanrefs \topsep a bit (4pt: half of article.cls + default) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): body to Q-fixnam + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): remove some + text of Q-latexwords to Q-fixnam and add reference to that question + today's date; tidy code listings, logos questions + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): put reference to + docs at end of bibtex caps question + +Mon Mar 19 23:18:19 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.4j + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): add question on + patching commands from add-general + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): \@ question from add-general + v2.5.3p + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): corrected code in + "what's the name", rewrote sort&compress (for typographic reasons); + moved patching and \@ questions to faqbody + +Mon Mar 19 16:38:02 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added snapshot + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added some words + about mike downes's snapshot package, and correct the etex csname i + couldn't remember while typing at home (\middle) + +Mon Mar 19 08:47:50 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): rather feeble + question on bibtex capitalisation + + * filectan.tex: add braket + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): mostly-complete + question on dirac brackets + + * additions.tex: today's date + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): tidy the "typesetting urls" + and "citing urls" questions, and add mention of hyperref's ability to + ignore %<eol> in urls + + * dirctan.tex: add bundledoc + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): first stab at + "what files" question + +Sun Mar 18 08:33:36 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date, no change of versiion + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): tidy page-size question and + add reference to layout.sty for the diy-er; tidy the letterspacing + answer + +Sat Mar 17 13:35:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): \YandY->Y&Y (!) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): sorting cites + question + + * filectan.tex: add patch + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): questions on file + name, patching commands + + * faq.sty: minor adjustments (a) to separate the list from its + preceding pargraph, so that raggedness doesn't propagate backwards + into that paragraph(!) and (b) to set \topsep zero (prob. not nec.) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): rehash unprocessed + floats question + v2.5.3o, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new "errors" + question on \@ in vertical mode; minor hacks + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): tidy up (and + marginally correct) the \pagestyle{empty} question, and add soul to + the underline question; tidy old font names question; separate the two + case in missing symbols question; rehash the \@ question in the light + of Q-atvert + +Fri Mar 16 13:34:54 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): added scott pakin to helpers + list + (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): typo \CTANref{morefloats} for + endfloat + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed tmupfl + question + + * faqbody.tex: v4.5.3n, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): deja->groups.google + (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): remove some of text from Q-floats + and replace with reference to Q-tmupfl + + * additions.tex: pl3.4i, today + +Fri Mar 16 00:19:03 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): changed title of + future web technologies + (section{Proposed new questions}): added tmupfl question + +Thu Mar 15 10:19:40 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it _do_ that?}): added mdwlist to the + "no line here to end" question + + * additions.tex: pl3.4h, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new thing (with + stuff from the latex2html question) about the nature of future web + technologies + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.3m, today + (section{Format conversions}): yet another rehash of latex2html, + following further input from hutchinson + +Thu Mar 15 00:20:49 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): yet another iteration, + following input from eitan + (section{Why does it _do_ that?}): added reference to expdlist for the + no line to end question + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): tidy conditional compilation + and bold greeks questions + +Wed Mar 14 09:48:48 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: added \latex2html + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): added \latexhtml + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): added "no line" question + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added "wide figure" question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add an actual + recommendation on setting wide equations, and move to faqbody + (section{Proposed new questions}): no line to end error message too + wide for 2-col text, sorted; question moved to faqbody + + * faqbody.tex: today (no change of version since nothing printed + (section{Introduction}): add peter wilson -- oops! + (section{Documentation and Help}): add "short history of the printed + word" + (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): minor honing of words of accented + hyphenation question and moving tables + (throughout): suppress (almost) all personal email addresses + (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): add mention of float.sty [H] in + the moving tables question + +Wed Mar 14 00:12:56 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): preserve ~ in arguments of URLs + +Tue Mar 13 22:59:56 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): add the famous + arseneau parameters to the moving tables question, and add reference + to placeins.sty (simultaneously tidying up and de-ponceing the text a + bit) + v2.5.3k, today + (section{Format conversions}): input from eitan gurari and ian + hutchinson (coo, they were quick) + (section{Introduction}): added eitan gurari and ian hutchinson to the + hall of fame + +Mon Mar 12 11:33:47 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: added tth, tex4ht + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): ->html question rehashed, + including reference to texpider and hevea (both off ctan) + + * dirctan.tex: make latex2html \CTANdirectory* + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): rewrote the ->ascii + question, including reference to tex2mail and catdvi + v2.5.3j, today + + * dirctan.tex: added catdvi + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): removed arbortext and northlake + from list of commercial systems (advice from bnb); add keywords to the + two systems questions so's bnb can find them by searching + +Sun Mar 11 09:22:44 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question about + subsubsubsections + + * dirctan.tex: add latex (for base dir) and remove fonts/latex with the + same name + + * additions.tex: today (no change of patch level) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question about + "no line here to end" + +Sat Mar 10 15:22:05 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed two + questions for the benefit of faqbody (vide infra) + (section{Proposed new questions}): new wide-figure question + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): added vtex for linux & os/2 + (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): new question about using + ghostscript in default of a printer-specific driver + (throughout): typos corrected + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): added encoding and eps questions + from add-general + v2.5.3i, today + + * faq.cls: added hyphens option when loading url.sty + +Fri Mar 9 10:41:09 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): correcting a couple of + names, and a typo, in the section on conversion to "other formats" + +Thu Mar 8 09:15:30 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.3g, today + + * additions.tex: pl3.4f, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): remove questions + on character shifts in dvips output, toc, running equation etc, + crop marks and fixed positions + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): reformat the general + conversions question + (section{Literate programming}): add reference to dtx in the literate + programming question, and tidy up the packages question + (section{Support Packages for \TeX{}}): tidy up the spelling, wordcount + and fig questions + (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): minor tidies of previewers + (including excision of reference to dviwin, which has been withdrawn) + and laserjet questions, and removed reference to dvitops from the ps + output program + (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): added question on character + shifts in dvips output + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): add toc question (from + peter wilson, originally) + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): add running equation etc, + crop marks and fixed positions questions + + * dirctan.tex: add rtf2latex2e + + * faq.sty: compact decsription environment, too + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): add question on quality of + PDF output, from add_general; tidy up question on generating pdf, link + to one on quality + +Tue Mar 6 23:18:23 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): narrow some of + the lines of code in principal value integral question, when doing + tex-only output; tidy footnotes in tables question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): wrap code in + running numbering question, when doing tex-only output + + * faqbody.tex (section{Macros for Particular Types of Documents}): add + peter wilson's combine stuff to the question on multi-article + documents, and minor tidy of the vita class question + +Tue Mar 6 10:03:40 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: added removefr + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add "running + numbering" question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): yet more diddling with + ec question + + * additions.tex: pl3.4e, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): removed ip address of + wuarchive + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): small rewording of hyphenation q + v2.5.3f, today + (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): extend and reword ec font q + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor improvements + to text of encoding and acrobat questions + +Mon Mar 5 11:40:20 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): two minor + improvements to the encodings, pdf output questions + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): fptex local default is + texmf-local + +Sun Mar 4 00:00:57 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (chapter{Preface}): tidy "style of section headings" + (section{PostScript and TeX}): tidy wrapping of urls in the font + choice question + v2.5.3e, today + +Sat Mar 3 13:59:57 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): tidying the + section (un)numbering question + + * dirctan.tex: added tocloft + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): dvips output for + pdf, weird character mapping questions + (section{Proposed new questions}): added peter wilson's tocloft + question + + * dirctan.tex: added textpos + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): crop and textpos + questions + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): added brief info from carlos + santos re. windvi's printing capability + (section{Introduction}): added carlos santos to list of helpers + v2.5.3d, today + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): tidied the fancyhdr question + + * additions.tex: today (no change of patch level) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): yet again, hacking + at encodings question + +Fri Mar 2 14:22:08 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: askinclude now from latex/contrib/other/misc + + * dirctan.tex: removed mathpple + +Fri Mar 2 07:20:03 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today (no change of patch level) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): yet more fiddling + with the encodings question ("philosophy") + +Thu Mar 1 21:20:49 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): filled out the + body of "what is encapsulated postscript" + + * additions.tex: pl3.4c, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): honing the words + in "what are encodings" + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): add mathpazo (serious drop + off that i hadn't mentioned it before) + + * dirctan.tex: add mathpazo + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.3c, today + +Thu Mar 1 09:44:55 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): added pxfonts to question + on font choice, updated txfonts outline + + * dirctan.tex: added emtextds, pxfonts + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): hack around to + cause texfaq2html not to be fazed by verbatim \\ commands + (section{TeX Systems}): ftp.math.utah.edu's ip address has changed -- + removed it altogether + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): explicitly squash "{}" if it + survives to the end of the main conversion scan + + * filectan.tex: morefloats->latex/contrib/other/misc + +Tue Feb 27 07:20:48 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.4b, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): slight rearrangement of ctanrefs + in "(la)tex for different systems" + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): three questions + transferred (see below) + (section{Proposed new questions}): bunch of diddling with the encodings + question (still not right, though) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): hack the + indexing question (new style ctan references, expand remarks about + xindy and about makeindex sorting issues) + (throughout): minor markup adjustments/typo corrections + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): verbatim input, line numbering + and typesetting urls questions tidied to new format + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): using underscores, no page + nos and typing "@", from add-general + + * dirctan.tex: * to xindy + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.3b, today + +Sun Feb 25 00:09:42 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): tidied up the freely-distributed + software question + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): further iteration of same (after a good + night's sleep ;-), also added more detail about web2c + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): converted the `wrapping + figures' to new form, since it always did look untidy. + +Sat Feb 24 00:07:21 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): start of rearranging the non- + commercial systems part of the section + + * dirctan.tex: added bakoma-tex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of TeX}): add "what is hyphen- + ation" question + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): add "bad hyphenation" question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): remove "what is + hyphenation" and "bad hyphenation" questions + + * additions.tex: pl3.4a, today + + * dirctan.tex: plain now refers to base only + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): added "no + hyphenation" question at start of section + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed "no + hyphenation" question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Metafont}): scale down the panic of the bitmap + fonts question -- convert into advice to start using type 1 versions + v2.5.3a, today + + * dirctan.tex: bluesky (was a reference to their mac mf port) becomes a + reference to the "bluesky" cm fonts + +Fri Feb 23 23:54:03 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: ps-type1 -> \CTANdirectory* + +Thu Feb 22 12:28:58 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: brought in all -beta changes + + * texfaq2html-beta: sit on $_ (in case we're not producing an intro) so + as not to get a lone "introduction", and dump the "index" statement in + front of the list of questions; various other minor tidies + + * dirctan.tex: corrected dratex (another from dan l) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): mfpic can now do + \MP output (alert from dan luecking) + +Thu Feb 22 07:30:54 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): first stab at rehashing + the figures question (pretty major rewrite, but issues remain) + today's date + +Wed Feb 21 09:17:47 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: blundering attempt to create a better header; and + similarly distance from uktug in the footer + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): redo question about + previewing files with type 1 fonts in 'em + (section{The Background}): less prissy about the reference to the list + of commercial vendors + (section{Format conversions}): tidy up question about generating pdf + (was talking about archaic versions of ghostscript) + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): renamed question deploying type 1 + fonts ... substantial rewrite + (section{Introduction}): added mike vulis to ack list (belatedly) + + * dirctan.tex: ghostscript nonfree; added gsview (with wrong value) + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.3, today + +Tue Feb 20 11:46:36 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: add a couple of <hr> directives, after the + "preamble", and before the "tail" + + * dirctan.tex: added refcheck and crop + +Mon Feb 19 10:40:43 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bibliographies}): entire new section + + * add-biblio.tex: ripped out entire text + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): added the + document font sizes question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed the + document font sizes question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): added the + landscape typesetting question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed the + landscape typesetting question + + * faq.sty: added a bit of raggedness to the ctanrefs environment + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): add the end-line + question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): removed the end- + line thing + + * texfaq2html: bring up to date with -beta (== -alpha) version + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): add dan luecking + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added caveat about + viewing rotated output to landscape question + + * texfaq2html-alpha (sanitize_line): add \YandY [does a raw & really + work reliably in html?] + + * faq.sty: define \YandY + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): \YandY for the company, for consistent + typesetting + +Sun Feb 18 00:14:33 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): rewording of the + "what is hyphenation" and "encodings" questions + (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on landscape + typesetting + + * additions.tex: update to today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + encodings (started yesterday) + +Sat Feb 17 15:56:43 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.4, today + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.2f, today + (throughout): article->FAQ where appropriate + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX): alter "changing babel's ideas" + to one that takes in the whole gamut, and thus renders redundant: + (section{Why does it do that?}): "why won't fixed names stay fixed", + which is therefore deleted + + * newfaq-patch.tex,letterfaq.tex,newfaq.tex: slim down heading, again + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Plain \TeX{} now uniformly used + (subsection*{Finding the Files}): new slim-line slightly less pompous + intro (no tedious lists of committee members, which are impossible to + maintain when the committee don't maintain their web site) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): filled out the + \hyphenation error question + + * texfaq2html-alpha: deal with label=, generate a label= URL at end for + people to quote, use \faqfiledate, \faqfileversion (oops) + +Fri Feb 16 13:59:41 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-alpha (sanitize_line): add code for \textbf + +Thu Feb 15 11:25:45 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): add the babel + question at end of section + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tidied up + representation of the babel error messages still further (option for + pdf printing, too) + (section{Proposed new questions}): removed babel question + + * additions.tex: pl3.3, today + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.2e, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add the miktex 2 + gen for the babel "add new language" question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): minor typographic + consistency changes in description of miktex 2.0 package install + +Wed Feb 14 13:44:07 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): tidied up the + question about hyphenating accented letters + v2.5.2d, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start on question + about "improper hyphenation" error message + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): added \csx + +Mon Feb 12 14:42:27 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 2.5.2c, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): recorded details of knuth boxed set + +Fri Feb 9 11:33:00 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.2b, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): replaced old references to french + and german faqs with a {booklist}, and added spanish and czech + (section{The Background}): slight iteration of the context question + +Thu Feb 8 13:41:36 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on \\ + arguments + +Wed Jan 31 11:41:12 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: extra indirection (via texinfo) for both texinfo and + makeinfo + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): texinfo to use whole (sub-) + directory reference + + * filectan.tex: removed texinfo-dist (no longer on archive) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): expand referencing of vtex + (this is going to look gross...) + + * dirctan.tex: pass to deal with check-ctan-lists diagnostics + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): \textpercent{} + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): added \item[\normalfont{}...]; + require \textpercent{} + + * add-biblio.tex (section{Bibliographies}): added question on entries + in text of docs; added body of "writing your own .bst" question + + * dirctan.tex: added inlinebib, jurabib, footbib + +Wed Jan 31 00:04:26 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex,additions.tex: \faqfileversion, \faqfiledate (because of + the confusion with definitions introduced by nameref.sty + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.2a, today + +Tue Jan 30 23:28:17 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl3.1, today + + * newfaq.tex,letterfaq.tex,newfaq-patch.tex: use \ref* in the title, + \ifpdf; \faqfileversion, \faqfiledate + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): have the correct + layout of the babel message (in the "new language" question) for html + generation + +Mon Jan 29 12:17:28 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: bring up to date with latest thinking in -beta version + + * faq.sty: add \[oc]bracesymbol + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): moved \symbol to the end + (sanitize_line): add \obracesymbol and \cbracesymbol + + * additions.tex: comment out add-errors, pl3.0, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): tidied miktex text + v2.5.2, today + (section{The joy of TeX errors}): moved en bloc from add-errors + +Tue Jan 23 16:58:28 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): update the miktex + question with a reference to 2.0 + (section{TeX Systems}): update remarks about miktex + + * dirctan.tex: miktex itself now a *-reference to miktex/2.0 + + * filectan.tex: deleted miktex-latex, added miktex.zip + +Fri Jan 19 12:46:49 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (clean): add *patch.aux + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question-ette + about typing @ signs + + * additions.tex: pl2.14, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): change reference + to carlisle to nopageno (\CTANref doesn't have a * form -- duh!) + +Thu Jan 18 11:37:53 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on + "no page numbers" + + * req.qs: bbl2html question + +Wed Jan 17 13:33:56 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl2.13, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on eps + (outline only, as yet) + +Tue Jan 16 12:05:46 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): definition of \item _doesn't_ need + "."s to separate the variable instances... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): make reference to the dante faq + use \href + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): add \href + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): add knuth's url to the first + occurrence of his name + + * faq.sty: add an \href command, that only has effect in the absence of + pdf generation (hyperref providing the necessary otherwise) + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.1d, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): corrected isbn for lamport 2nd ed + (section{Documentation and Help}): add reference to knuth's nimellium + boxed set (though no details since a-w can't get their act together) + (section{Documentation and Help}): update math into latex reference to + vol 3 + +Tue Jan 16 11:40:37 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@huntingdon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl2.12, today + + * filectan.tex: underscore + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on + underscore + +Sun Jan 14 20:59:29 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-errors.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): more on the + structure question + + * additions.tex: pl2.11, today + + * add-errors.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): refer to structure + question from the philosophy question + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): reindented the + "missing character" messages for the tex versions + +Fri Jan 12 14:06:40 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: today's date (previous pl not yet printed out) + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): finished the + hyphenation question, and added another about hyphenation problems and + their solution + +Thu Jan 11 21:42:45 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl2.10, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): start of the body + of the hyphenation question + +Tue Jan 9 14:59:56 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): minor tweaks to + the text of the babel question, and skeleton for a question on hyphen- + ation + + * additions.tex: pl2.9, today + + * add-errors.tex (section{The joy of \TeX{} errors}): v1 closure on + first question of section, and proposal for yet another new question + about the structure of error messages + + * faq.sty: adjust \topsep in itemize and enumerate, and do the same to + verbatim + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): change reference to books + question + + * add-biblio.tex (section{Bibliographies}): some wrapping of verbatim + text, and minor text tidies + +Fri Jan 5 18:08:32 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl2.8, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added caveat about + running out of pattern memory when adding a new hyphenation pattern + +Thu Jan 4 15:44:41 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): process `` and '' to ", and + isolated ` to ' (for the benefit of m$ browsers) + evaluate $last_question, $next_question and $previous_question as + we go along, and use them to produce pointers to previous and + next in the footer of the generated page, if appropriate + +Tue Jan 2 14:17:33 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): make \ProgName and \Package accept + arguments in braces + + * faq.sty: make \FTP, \File, \CTAN and \ProgName robust + + * add-biblio.tex (section{Bibliographies}): lists of authors question + + * additions.tex: pl2.7, today + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question on mp + prologues + +Mon Jan 1 17:15:11 2001 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: normalise tabbing in perl code + +Sat Dec 30 16:35:47 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.1c, today + + * additions.tex: pl2.6, today + + * add-biblio.tex (section{Bibliographies}): ctanrefs at end of bibs per + section question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): add pointers to fancyvrb + and verbdef packages in the question on verbatim in arguments + + * filectan.tex: add verbdef.sty + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): bit more at end of + missing characters question + +Wed Dec 27 14:19:48 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): missing characters + + * faq.sty: minor typo corrected + +Tue Dec 26 16:39:47 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: compact the booklist and ctanrefs environments, and + compactify standard itemize and enumerate environments + +Sun Dec 24 10:26:08 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-errors.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): filling out the + answer (work vaguely started last evening, and will probably take the + whole holiday...) + +Fri Dec 22 17:25:04 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex: pl2.4, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): added giuseppe bilotta and + michael dewey to list of helpers + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): provided format + generation instructions for the babel new language question + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): tidy list at end of + "installing" question + 2.5.1b, today + +Thu Dec 21 00:24:20 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tiny adjustment to + punctuation of \edef question, and a bit of rewording of one of + michael's sentences + +Wed Dec 20 16:56:43 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-general.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): new question + on \protected@[ex]def using some nice words of mjd's + +Tue Dec 19 10:00:41 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (PATCH): add add-general + + * additions.tex: replace body by \input of add-general + + * add-general.tex: was body of additions.tex + + * archive.list: correct list + + * texfaq2html-beta: add code to deal with ctanrefs environment + (involves extra stuff in \item[...]) + change default to cam.ctan.org + + * Makefile (PATCH): add add-biblio.tex + add newfaq.aux as label parallel to newfaq.dvi; this satisfies a + dependency in the web and web-beta rules + + * additions.tex: pl2.2, today + + * faq.sty: define ctanrefs environment + + * add-biblio.tex (section{Bibliographies}): fill out multiple + bibliographies question, introduce new ctanrefs environment for the + places to pull stuff from + +Mon Dec 18 11:42:43 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added extsizes + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): extsizes question + + * faqbody.tex: v2.5.1a, today + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): as -beta version + + * texfaq2html-beta (sanitize_line): add a couple of instances of + \cmdinvoke translation (cf comments on what's available in faq.sty) + + * faq.sty: added \cmdinvoke + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): add reference to + textcase in the case-changing question + + * dirctan.tex: add carlisle + +Fri Dec 15 16:41:49 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-biblio.tex (section{Bibliographies}): New file, some biblio + questions (mostly somewhat fragmentary), in a section of their own... + + * dirctan.tex: added cite (the arseneau stuff) and bibunits ... and + multibib and bibtopic + + * additions.tex: pl2.0, today; \input add-biblio + +Thu Dec 14 13:30:36 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: change url referring to archive (twice) + v2.5.1 + + * add-errors.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): it's isn't a + possessive!!!!!! + + * texfaq2html: add provision for dealing with \symbol commands, tidy up + the url for the whole faq for the bottom of each message, and add "not + a help address" after email address + synchronise with texfaq2html-beta (incl adding title-modifier stuff) + + * Makefile: add targets inst-perl and inst-perl-beta + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): add reference to + new version of miktex's latex.zip + v2.5 (!) + + * filectan.tex: added miktex 1.20 latex.zip + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): htmlonly env -> htmlversion (oops!) + v2.4.8d, today + +Tue Dec 12 22:19:19 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): couple of tidies in + question on using quote site index; add new question on web searching + (section{Acquiring the Software}): remove outline of the web search + facility from question on repositories, and make reference to both + searching questions in place of partial duplication and reference to + one + 2.4.8c, today + +Mon Dec 11 11:07:56 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for TeX}): add the wordcount + question + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): add the watermarks question + (section{Acquiring the Software}): hacked the commercial stuff out of + the CDs question, and corrected the 4alltex bit to refer to windoze + rather than ms-dog + + * add-errors.tex (section{The joy of TeX errors}): new section title, + and a couple of new questions (no room for a new..., and what to do + when epsf produces that diagnostic) + + * faqbody.tex: 2.4.8b, today + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): moved the script fonts + question from additions + (section{Why does it do that?}): replaced question about pictex and + register usage with improved one from additions + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): big hack on the + script fonts question, including lots of source references and + reference to the new scriptfonts thing; then moved question to faqbody + removed pictex, watermarks and wordcount questions + + * filectan.tex: add eucal and mathscript + + * dirctan.tex: add rsfs-type1 and jknappen-macros + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): change title of + pictex question + + * Makefile (newfaq-patch): typo in yesterday's update + +Mon Dec 11 00:02:15 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): Tidied up Babel + question; still to complete the section on building a format at the + end (don't understand that at all -- does texconfig exist for other + than tetex systems, for example? + +Sun Dec 10 17:35:09 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: replace all use of latexmk with the while-loop/get cross + construct + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): remove question + that's gone to faqbody + pl1.14, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add question on + writing latex classes and packages + 2.4.8a, today + + * filectan.tex: add latex-source + +Sat Dec 9 21:24:54 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): remove question + about conditional compilation + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): replace + question about excluding sections of a document with one about + "conditional compilation" + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): remove miktex + question + (section{Proposed new questions}): touch up pictex question with words + from existing one (mentioning the contex module that the yesterday's + effort omitted) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): add miktex question + (slightly reworded) + + * additions.tex: pl1.13, today + (section{Proposed new questions}): junk question on recognising new + package files, since we've now integrated all the matter on these + ideas into two questions that have gone to faqbody + (section{Proposed new questions}): wrap code in script fonts question + so's not to overrun the verbatim margins + + * faqbody.tex: v2.4.8, today + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): Remove the first two + questions to faqbody.tex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Two new questions + lifted from additions.tex + +Fri Dec 8 09:51:42 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * add-errors.tex,additions.tex (throughout): normalised \Question cmds + + * faqbody.tex: (throughout) TeX-systems (as Qref label) -> Q-TeXsystems + v2.4.7q, today + (throughout): normalise all \Question commands to have optional + argument [Q-<alpha string>] + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question about the + miktex-latex problem + pl1.12, today (happy birthday Ma) + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): removed comment at end of + type 1 fonts question (no date/time or version change this time) + +Tue Dec 5 10:22:48 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): label on the pictex + manual question (and remove old commented-out text about the + arrangement that used to exist for getting it from tug) + v2.4.7p, today + (section{Introduction}): add dick nickalls to list of helpers + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added version.sty + and verbatim.sty to yesterday's question on conditional compilation + input add-errors at end + pl1.11, today + + * filectan.tex: add version.sty + + * add-errors.tex: errors section from additions.tex + +Mon Dec 4 13:23:04 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): question on + conditional compilation, from a c.t.t answer by donald arseneau + patch level 1.10, today + bunch of \Qref commands tidied not to produce "see" twice in the + printed output + + * filectan.tex: remove comment (it's in a directory of its own, now) + add askinclude + + * dirctan.tex: add pagesel (contrib/supported/oberdiek, in fact) + add comment + + * filectan.tex: add selectp.sty + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): add label to \include + question + 2.4.7o, today + +Mon Nov 20 13:21:01 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): avoid column + overruns in verbatim `meta' sections in "where to put files" + +Tue Nov 14 13:23:57 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): tidied up + "installing a new package question + pl1.8, today + (section{Proposed new questions}): question on where to put files ... + very much in prototype stage just now (all in verbatim) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current TeX Projects}): add subscription info + for the pdftex list + v2.4.7n, today + +Tue Nov 7 11:23:44 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): txfonts now have t1 and ts + encodings + +Wed Nov 1 12:24:01 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): added anthony goreham to + the list of helpers + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added a thing + on formal scripts from anthony goreham + +Tue Oct 31 10:00:51 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: expunged all reference to gopher + + * faqbody.tex (section{TeX Systems}): do away with reference to ctan + copy of 4alltex + + * filectan.tex: corrected a bunch found by the script + + * check-ctan-lists: new, jiffy checking script for (dir|file)ctan.tex + +Mon Oct 30 23:46:55 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Add a question on LaTeX2e + v 2.4.7m, today + +Sat Oct 28 14:56:43 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): reference to + chngpage in question about changing margins + + * filectan.tex: add chngpage; correct entry for comment.sty + + * additions.tex (section{The joy of TeX error messages}): typo in + setting { (nb -- \symbol still not yet in texfaq2html) + + * filectan.tex: added pdftex-oztex + + * faq.sty: double accent for doing han the thanh `properly' + + * faqbody.tex: v2.4.7l, today + (section{Current TeX Projects}): remove question on latex2e; move small + amount of matter from it into updated question on latex3; tidy and + update questions on omega, nts and pdftex + +Thu Oct 26 09:57:20 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add txfonts + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): made a Ghostscript + reference uniform with rest (i.e., capitalised) + (section{PostScript and TeX}): details of the txfonts + v 2.4.7k, today + +Thu Oct 12 13:04:51 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: dvi2tty -> nonfree + + * additions.tex (section{The joy of TeX error messages}): new question + about `extra }' (moving fragile command) + + * Makefile: made web target a modified copy of web-beta + + * filectan.tex: commented out fullpage + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): remove + reference to fullpage.sty, add geometry (by, that dates it); put a + label on footnotes in latex section headings + version 2.4.7j, today + + * dirctan.tex: added geometry + +Mon Oct 9 12:30:34 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{The joy of TeX error messages}): new section; + first two questions are general advice, and semantic nest + +Tue Sep 26 12:05:29 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: repeated and undefined CTAN label warnings NoLine; repeated + CTAN labels counted and re-warned \AtEndDocument (as undefined labels + have been for some time) + + * filectan.tex: abstract->abstract-bst + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): in the bibtex + question, abstract->abstract-bst + 2.4.7h1, today + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): wordcount question; + pl5, today + + * dirctan.tex: added wordcount + +Wed Sep 20 10:43:17 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added a question + about one float per float page; pl4, today + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong...}): add Q-floats label + to moving tables and figures question + +Fri Sep 15 11:42:25 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current \TeX{} Projects}): tidy up references to + omega implementations + +Thu Sep 14 10:27:00 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html-beta: title to contain beta indicator + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): added remaining + micropress font sample urls + + * texfaq2html-beta: new file; runs beta sources + added question number to title if exactly one question requested + + * faqbody.tex: 2.4.7h, today + (section{Documentation and Help}): removed frivolity about rtfm in + `where to get help' (at Manuel Gutierrez' suggestion) + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): add note of + confirmation of the sequence for refreshing the fndb under miktex + +Tue Sep 12 23:20:53 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): sound depressed about + deja + (preamble): today, v2.4.7g + +Sun Sep 10 10:22:45 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): upgrade of the + unnumbered sections question (from peter wilson), and of the 1-column + abstract question (from same source) + + * dirctan.tex: added tocvsec2, tocbibind, abstract + +Sat Sep 9 14:15:21 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): bunch of new stuff from + berthold and mike updating the section on scalable outline fonts + (section{Documentation and Help}): add a first reference to teencontrex + (section{Acquiring the Software}): correct address for the ctan list in + `contributing to the archives' + + * dirctan.tex: added hvmath, tmmath and teencontrex + + * faq.sty: make the tex logo robust + +Fri Sep 8 17:55:13 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: redid reference to c++2latex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct a \dots + invocation in "where to get help"; recommend ctan search web address + rather than the catalogue direct + (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): added reference to c++2latex + for typesetting code, at the suggestion of Michael Soulier + +Tue Aug 22 14:39:09 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): slight tidying + of matter in question about dashed integrals + +Sun Aug 20 17:27:55 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@gordon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added vmargin (now in supported) + + * filectan.tex: removed vmargin + +Mon Jul 24 09:26:41 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add ams-AMStype1 + + * faqbody.tex: v 2.4.7f, today + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): more work on the fonts stuff + +Sat Jul 22 10:24:05 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): add donald's + "typesetting principal value integral" + v2.4.7d, today + (section{Introduction}): removed email address for bodenheimer, which + hasn't (afaik) worked for some time + +Fri Jul 21 17:46:09 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): berthold's stuff on + outline fonts (mike's is harder work ;-) + v 2.4.7c, today + + * dirctan.tex: add cm-AMStype1 + +Wed Jul 19 10:18:36 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): add \arrowhyph + + * faq.sty: added \arrowhyph + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): moved Peter Wilson's + one on getting a new package + + * faqbody.tex: v2.4.7b, today + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): correct address for mutex + +Mon Jul 10 15:07:48 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: explicit location for tds (will presumably never now be + version 1.0 ... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for \TeX{}}): removed vortex + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): add pw's on the tds + +Fri Jul 7 12:26:22 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): make \begin|\end{htmlversion} ignore + entire line + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): new question on \MF + and \MP tutorials (pw again) + v2.4.7a, today + + * filectan.tex: added metafp.(ps|pdf) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): pw's revision to mp answer + (section{Documentation and Help}): couple of additions to booklists + (section{Documentation and Help}): pw's major addition to mail list + stuff + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): add \PDFLaTeX + + * faq.sty: add \PDFLaTeX + +Sat Jul 1 13:12:00 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): added peter wilson to list of + acknowledgements + (section{Documentation and Help}): the first of peter wilson's new + answers -- books on type + +Fri Jun 23 12:26:31 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): give locations for + ctan servers, and correct www address for tug box search script + +Wed Jun 21 13:41:17 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): ignore \keywords argument + + * faq.sty: add \keywords command (ignores argument, carefully) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): question on renaming + fixed texts in the context of babel (has \keywords) + +Tue Jun 20 14:03:38 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): acknowledge alan jeffrey's + design of the html version, and record use of dante material + + * dirctan.tex: add pictex-addon + + * filectan.tex: add context-tmf, delete doublespace + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it do that?}): question on pictex and + registers, largely lifted (with help from babelfish) from dante's faq + +Wed Jun 14 11:36:29 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): caveat for non-ia32 versions + of miktex, mention the psu.edu mac-tex page + +Tue Jun 13 10:27:09 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): updated details for gutenberg + +Wed Jun 7 12:33:02 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: version 2.4.5, today (for release) + (section{Acquiring the Software}): missing \endhtmlignore in nonfree + tree question + +Thu Jun 1 16:41:28 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@pallas.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong}): rewritten question + about capacity exceeded (scrapping assertions about pure methods of + hacking the tex web source, for goodness' sake!) + +Fri May 5 12:44:05 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add reference to epslatex.ps + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and TeX}): add reference to + epslatex.ps in question on graphics inclusion where previously only + the pdf was mentioned + +Wed Apr 26 11:17:34 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): remove reference to + (now defunct) bitftp@pucc.bitnet + (section{Acquiring the Software}): add ctan.tug.org ftpmail + (section{Acquiring the Software}): hacking at search info (more to do) + (section{The Background}): update uk tug details + (throughout): remove parentheses from (+countrycode) + + * faq.sty: another iteration of pdfstartview + +Tue Apr 25 15:30:52 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: tried alternative pdfstartview value -- no joy + +Fri Apr 14 15:20:33 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add latex-classes, ltxguide + +Wed Apr 12 15:01:42 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.4.2, today + + * Makefile: add targets help, patch (==newfaq-patch) and web (==march) + + * dirctan.tex: remove gtex; stick a whole lot of obsolete/ prefixes in + dviware things (that are probably not, in all honesty, ever going to + be used again, but what the hell...) + + * faqbody.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): remove all the + previewers that have been moved to obsolete/, rewrite the rest + mentioning miktex and fptex previewers, characterise emtex's thing as + dos+os/2 only, etc., etc. + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): remove references to gtex + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): remove references to gtex + +Wed Apr 12 07:44 rf@huntingdon (using vi) + + * companion.ctan: update location of version.sty + +Thu Apr 6 18:52:52 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): correct spelling of + bernice in sacks lipkin's name (oops) :-( + +Wed Apr 5 10:22:21 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): rewrite figure + inclusion with emphasis on the graphics package + + * dirctan.tex: add draftcopy and ms + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): Add watermarks q + +Mon Apr 3 21:25:19 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): tidy up gratzer's + latest (which _has_ been published now, or else...) and add reference + to lipkin's latex for linux + +Fri Mar 31 14:40:29 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.4, today + + * additions.tex: bunch of questions moved out; back to pl 1 (only + unfinished `new language in babel' question now left) + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): moved in 1-col + abstract, babel words and code listings questions + (section{Acquiring the Software}): moved in `nonfree' question + (section{Format conversions}): moved in `read SGML/XML direct' question + (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): moved in \marginpar question + +2000-03-27 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * newfaq-patch.tex: input faqbody for version and date before additions + + * additions.tex: make version reported derive from \fileversion from + faqbody + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): removed listing for microtex + v2.3a2, today + +2000-03-24 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): correct details for truetex + + * faq.sty: define a url in pdf mode for the debian social contract, + _before_ loading hyperref; remove all the old (pre-url.sty) + definitions using the FAQverb mechanism; remove the attempts at + patching hyperref's normalisation mechanisms + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): use defined url for + debian social contract address (to bypass hyperref boondoggle) + +Fri Mar 17 15:30:56 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): Completed new + questions added yesterday (but not, I see, documented) -- on listings + and \marginpar + + * dirctan.tex: add listings, tiny_c2l + +Thu Mar 16 10:01:02 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): \URL argument in braces now + (sanitize_line): $e$ generalised to $<anything>$ (for $n$, just now) + +Thu Mar 2 14:27:03 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@huntingdon.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added mparhack + +Thu Feb 10 16:55:44 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: add passivetex + + * faq.sty: \URL is _just_ \url now + + * additions.tex: v2.3a1 pl4, today + (throughout): convert all \URL commands to take arguments in braces + (section{Proposed new questions}): passivetex ctan reference now + only one version of reference to social contract + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): convert all \URL commands to take arguments + in braces + v2.3a1, today + +Fri Jan 21 14:09:59 2000 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: added xmltex + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): added spqr's + question about typesetting *ml direct with tex; + 2.3a pl3, today + +Tue Dec 14 10:28:00 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: attempted improvement of \ifpdf definition of \URL (trying + to use hyperref's sanitising facilities) + + * additions.tex (section{Proposed new questions}): outlines for babel + hyphenation, babel `foreign words' + (section{Proposed new questions}): wrap verbatim lines a bit + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): add \meta + + * faq.sty: add \meta command + +Fri Dec 3 09:34:24 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (newfaq-patch): new target (with ancillaries) to make pdf + and ps versions of the patched file + + * letterfaq.tex: bring into line with newfaq (was rather wonky) + + * additions.tex: new file -- proposed additions to faqbody + + * newfaq-patch.tex: new file -- newfaq, with the additions + + * newfaq.tex: eliminate reference to bodenheimer in the title, mention + the march 1999 printed issue + +Mon Nov 1 17:50:07 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (tail): add href to default address for script using `TeX + FAQ' as anchor + +Mon Sep 6 13:25:08 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): removed phil taylor from list of + non-committee-members + +Thu Sep 2 14:11:02 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date, v2.3a + + * Makefile: add configuration variable CMFONTS(=cmz), and use it where + previously just said -Pcms + + * filectan.tex: added simpl-latex + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): correct ref to mathpple + (section{Documentation and Help}): add ref to harvey greenbergs + simplified latex thing + + * faq.sty: defer \let\Qlabel\label to begin document in case that we're + using hyperref + +Wed Sep 1 09:11:00 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: don't have \raggedright explicit in the definition of + \Question -- hyperref chokes, now -- redefine \subsection instead + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): change description of + authorship of mathpple + + * filectan.tex: remove mathpple (dangling pointer into tetex) + + * dirctan.tex: add mathpple (fonts/mathpple) + +Mon Jul 26 14:34:46 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): change wording around binary + availability for tetex + v2.3 (3.0 for the published version?), today + + * dirctan.tex: tetex binaries from distrib/binaries directory (change + label to tetex-bin from -install) + +Sat Jul 24 08:50:15 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): retrieved text about + ghostscript caoability of viewing acrobat docs + (section{The Background}): minor typo in lollipop + +Fri Jul 23 21:19:39 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): missing \\ in details for sci + word + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): updated with words from mike vulis about + vtex + (section{Format conversions}): add references to vtex & tidy a bit more + + * dirctan.tex: add vtex (and delete vtex-demo, ancient) + +Tue Jul 13 09:31:14 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for \TeX{}}): change reference + to ispell to reflect browsing status + (section{Format conversions}): tidy the question on generating acrobat, + add url for getting acroread + (section{Acquiring the Software}): canonical ctan.org addresses for + everything, remove numeric addresses (most of which were wrong anyway) + + * dirctan.tex: make ispell directory browsable, and remove all + subdirectory references + + * filectan.tex: update version number for excalibur + +Sun Jul 4 00:01:06 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): rewrote the section about + pdf output, including (inter alia) dvipdfm, and dropping reference to + dvipdf + (throughout): GhostScript->Ghostscript + + * dirctan.tex: add dvipdfm + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current \TeX{} Projects}): make NTS logo come + out bold in question title (using \afterquestion); use \afterquestion + for question about 2e + (section{The Background}): use \afterquestion (twice) in re. instances + of bold math characters in titles + +Sat Jul 3 10:02:22 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: add \afterquestion command for use after \Question commands + inside groups + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): refer to + sectsty, titlesec and fncychap as alternatives for changing section + headings + remove reference to NFSS question in roman theorems question + + * dirctan.tex: add sectsty, titlesec, fncychap + + * faqbody.tex (section{Current \TeX{} Projects}): section renamed from + `recent developments' + commented-out the nfss question (hardly current any more) + rewritten latex question to refer to june 1999, and to stand alone re + nfss issue + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): get rid of references to the + NFSS question + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): no question + reference for NFSS in section headings question + + * dirctan.tex: add context + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Add a question about context + (section{The Background}): junk the commented-out stuff about AMS + things we no longer admit to... + version 2.2t, today + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): add \CONTeXT (and \PDFTeX, \NTS, \eTeX, + \Eplain, \TeXsis and \WYSIWYG ... oops) + + * faq.sty: add \CONTeXT + +Mon Jun 14 17:46:49 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): add \'e + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add a proto- + question on tutorials + + * filectan.tex: add gentle, lshort (both pointing at .pdf files) and + change epslatex to point at the .pdf file + +Sun Jun 13 14:01:10 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): rearranged list of committee + members to be more easily editable, and removed malcolm and kaveh's + names from the list of people said to have retired in 1998 + (section{Macros for Particular Types of Documents}): questions about + setting papers for journals, and creating a report from a bunch of + articles + v2.2q, today + + * dirctan.tex: add frankenstein + +Sat Jun 12 09:25:42 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): + struggling to make sense of the twaddle about logos, in html... + (section{Documentation and Help}): retrieved the isbn for knuth's + hardback + + * texfaq2html: define $home from $ENV{FAQ_HOME} if that exists + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): \ISBN commands for tip + separate volumes; add first stab at entry for knuth's collected papers + (missing hardback isbn just now) + (section{Macros for Particular types of Documents}): new section, only + containing vita.cls as yet + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): be a bit ruder + still about the silly-logo syndrome; mention the \MP problem and the + difficulties with texnames.sty + (section{The Background}): credit hobby in \MP question + v2.2p, today + + * dirctan.tex: Add vita + + * faq.sty: \MP == MetaPost in public version (P was lower case) + (matches what's in texfaq2html) + +Thu Jun 10 09:41:01 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): rewritten win32 part, + emphasising the info got from fabrice's talk at the uk tug meeting + + * dirctan.tex: added lwc, lgc + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): commented out entry + for making tex work (no longer in ora catalogue), updated entry for + diller's organ, removed buerger's entry (no longer in mcgraw-hill + cat.) and shultis' (no longer in prentice hall cat.) + removed comment about what is/isn't good for latex2e, added reference + to lgc and lwc directories + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): moved \acro up above \emph + +Wed Jun 9 17:49:34 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Added lwc + v2.2o, today + +Sat Jun 5 11:10:19 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN (archive.cfg): needs distributing, too + + * faq.sty: NoLine for package warning about missing refs at end + damn -- need distinguished \CTANdirectory* in pdf case + + * faqbody.tex: v2.2n, today + + * faq.sty: make \CTANdirectory ignore * + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): `browse' 2 tetex directories + + * texfaq2html: add \CTANdirectory* capability, for browsing dirs + + * dirctan.tex: added 0.4 into tetex and tetex-bin, convert all tetex + entries to *-form + +Tue May 25 14:52:12 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): corrections to sciword stuff + 2.2m, today + +Mon May 24 14:29:21 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Updated sciword, etc., bumf + 2.2l, today + +Fri May 14 12:17:37 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): restore yesterday's change... + +Thu May 13 10:02:58 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): make the html redirect for + miktex go to the 1.20 directory, since miktex/index.html has gone :-( + +Fri May 7 10:05:15 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: correct directory address of fptex (!) + + * Makefile.CTAN: add texfaq2html + + * faqbody.tex: change date to today + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): different references for miktex as + between the printed and web versions (ouch...) + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): remove commented-out text about getting + oztex on floppies... + + * dirctan.tex: add systems/win32/miktex + + * filectan.tex: removed the three miktex file entries + + * texfaq2html: add mail url for uktug-faq@tex.ac.uk in the tail + +Thu May 6 14:18:26 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add reference to + ISO 690-2 online version in question about citing urls + v2.2j, today + +Fri Apr 23 11:45:35 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.march: new, update the things needed for the texfaq script, + _only_ + + * Makefile: add new target march to run Makefile.march in + VH-tex/faq-source + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): new url for uk tug + (section{Introduction}): change url for the faq to cambridge, remove + footnote about it being a temporary one + + * texfaq2html: remove the `brought to you at' mucking about; change + $home; change web address for uktug + +Thu Apr 22 15:37:13 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Update details on K&D + to third edition + +Sat Apr 17 16:16:10 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: /usr/bin/perl (so as to work both on bescot and march) + +Wed Apr 7 14:10:47 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * newfaq.workers: stupid file ... should i keep it? + + * Makefile.CTAN: add newfaq.ps (eh?!) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): kerfoodle to produce + the string /caption\\. as in-line verbatim in html + version 2.2g, today + +Sat Apr 3 08:57:10 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.CTAN: (new file) first stab at automating installation on + CTAN + + * Makefile.FTP: remove .dvi and .ps files from this distribution + + * Makefile: add symbols DVIPS, PDFLATEX and LATEX (which last rather + useless at present + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{\acro{DVI} Drivers and Previewers}): remove reference to the + separately-available VMS version of dvips + + * dirctan.tex: add tetex-beta + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): correct VMS entry + (section{Perhaps There \emph{isn't} an Answer}): sort screed about + consultants, and add pointer to TUG consultants page; correct + reference to latex project + (section{Recent Developments}): revise the text about the latex3 + project; add reference to cyrillic in the latex2e stuff, and otherwise + revise _that_ text; refer to packaged systems that include omega + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): urge packaged systems for unix, and refer to + tetex-beta + + * filectan.tex: remove all the old VMS references and add OpenVMSTeX + +Fri Apr 2 14:53:15 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): reword fptex stuff, and change + label + (throughout): ensure that _all_ em-dashes are preceded by nobreakspace + and use \LaTeXo in place of spelling out the old version number (for + consistency of layout) + + * dirctan.tex: deal with latex packages directory (and delete the + `whole directory' label which wasn't used) + win32/web2c -> fptex + +Tue Mar 16 00:03:15 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): minor editorials on the Y2K + question + +Sun Mar 14 09:29:54 1999 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Add a question on Y2K + compliance (and give a \Qref to the outline of LaTeX) + (section{The Background}): Add a section on trip/trap + version 2.2e, dated today + (section{Introduction}): Add John Palmer to the footnote about the + committee + (section{Documentation and Help}): add isbn for mfbook paperback + (section{Documentation and Help}): mention wichura under the pictex + manual, and add reference to pti's web site (without mentioning the + price they charge for the damned manual!!!!!) + (section{Acquiring the Software}): remove information (which is surely + out of date) about the `next' (late 1997) release of 4alltex disc -- + no replacement since the situation isn't clear to me... + (section{Format conversions}): remove reference to jf's stuff (which + seems to have been abandoned in favour of activetex) + +Sat Nov 14 12:45:16 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: add a winedt entry + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): changes to lists of names + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): add a little thing about winedt (probably + not satisfactory) + + * filectan.tex: three separate miktex files + + * dirctan.tex: miktex (pc) _goes_ + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): correct info about the + word processor conversions faq + (section{The Background}): remove reference to .zip file of texinfo + + * filectan.tex: texcnven no longer exists -- record the .zip file in + the directory; update the texinfo file name (removing the version + number and thereby relying on the link) and get rid of the .zip + reference (did such a file _ever_ exist?) + +Tue Aug 25 13:51:52 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): New version of tech wg stuff + from kaja christiansen + +Thu Jun 11 17:10:37 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (CONFIGS): new, another category of thing to depend on + +Wed Jun 10 12:58:02 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX}): minor rewording of + text about ec fonts, correction of punctuation + +Tue Jun 9 20:40:05 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: start suppressing unused directories + + * faq.sty: make \CTAN{directory,file} deal with case of active file or + directory name + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): make direct + reference to suppport/xindy into a \CTANref; minor typos corrected + + * archive.cfg: new file, configuration for {file,dir}ctan when make pdf + +Tue Jun 9 00:11:09 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: distinguish two \Status targets, 1- and 2-column pdf (values + 1 and 2) + + * faq.cls: load packages before setting page dimens, don't change + horizontal dimens if single column version + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): dvipdf lesenko spoke about + it in the past (was `hoping to speak' at tug'97); today's date; slight + rewording of basic outline of omega + +Mon Jun 8 17:21:15 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: yet another fiddle with hyperref options; suppress multicol + when doing pdf + +Sun Jun 7 09:25:05 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Remove reference to + getting the old faq by ftpmail; increment patch number, date today + + * faq.sty: juggle with hyperref package options; remove spurious space + in `public' definition of \MF + + * Makefile: do pdf generation on the basis of pdf-{new,letter}faq.tex + +Sat Jun 6 00:59:02 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.cls: also require url.sty, since we again have a conflict with + hyperref + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): remove claim that tug can + supply pc software or copies of oztex (and restructure the mac + question slightly as a result); refer to omega port in cmactex + + * faq.sty: replace all alan's old url-ish definitions with ones based + on url.sty (this is too slow processing dirctan.tex...) + + * Makefile: add new targets newfaq.pdf and letterfaq.pdf; parameterise + files we depend on; do away with old `all' target, and use body of + `public' one instead + +Fri Jun 5 20:23:09 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.cls: input multicol before faq, in case we're running pdflatex + (\Status=1) -- since hyperref changes \@footnotetext, and multicol + checks it, this is somewhat important... + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): reword the sorry tale + of the pictex manual (i.e., not available at all) + +Thu May 28 14:52:14 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): refer to + fancyvrb in `including verbatim files' and `line numbers' + v2.2a, today + + * dirctan.tex: add fancyvrb + +Tue May 5 11:05:11 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile.FTP (all): removed non-cm .dvi files, .300ps files + +Mon May 4 21:56:52 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): tug2->ctan.tug.org + (section{Acquiring the Software}): tug2->ctan.tug.org + + * faq.sty: add \Status game (cribbed from seb's work on tex-live doc) + +Sat May 2 17:49:11 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): backing off bodenheimer, ref the + version on TeX Live CD + (section{Acquiring the Software}): tex-live now third edition + v2.2, today + + * Makefile (public): new `general' target, with no .300ps stuff + (newfaq.ps,letterfaq.ps): remove specification of elm + + * faq.sty: junk the old diddling with parameters for times (there've + been several new releases of the metrics since those were recommended) + define \ifpublicversion, talking of the fonts to be used, so we can + have a type1-fonts-only version + +Fri May 1 17:55:49 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: 2.1o, today + + * dirctan.tex: add footmisc + + * filectan.tex: remove stblftnt + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in \TeX or \LaTeX}): refer to + footmisc rather than stblftnt + +Mon Apr 6 12:56:20 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (clean): add -f switch + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): refer to pctex32 (as a windows + implementation) + version 2.1n, today's date (forgot that last time) + +Thu Mar 26 16:51:01 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): redo the examples + for #-doubling in terms of + rather than -, so no need for farting + around with ligatures + (section{Introduction}): removed jf from list of resigned committee + members, added dpc, and brought committee list up to date + +Wed Mar 18 10:19:55 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: correct calc, changebar + +Fri Jan 16 09:58:18 1998 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.1m, today + (section{The Background}): Correct address and phone nos for TUG + +Wed Nov 5 10:40:40 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): minor typo in + line numbering q + +Tue Nov 4 11:03:45 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Avoid nested + braces in indexing question + (section{Introduction}): Refer to LaTeX2e rather than LaTeXe in intro + (html version only) + + * faq.sty: Define \oparen and \cparen commands + + +Wed Oct 29 16:33:41 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Update truetex web page + address (and source details) + +Mon Oct 27 09:20:15 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: Comment about oddity of \CTAN command + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Tidy up earlier + text (difficult to quote entire trivial lines, in-line) + +Sat Oct 25 23:37:11 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): \CTAN takes + a real argument, not one in vertical bars + + * faq.sty: Add \TeXsis, \parens + +Sat Oct 25 10:52:42 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: today's date + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add questions on typesetting + URLs, and on citing them with BibTeX; reference texsis's indexing + macros, and mention xindy (not terribly satisfactorily, given the way + it's organised on CTAN) + + * dirctan.tex: Add xindy + + * filectan.tex: Add texsis-index + + * faq.sty: remove definition of \ifnotreadCTAN, define \htmlonly and + \textpercent + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): Add \htmlonly (as no-op), \\textpercent + rather than \\\% (!) + + * filectan.tex,dirctan.tex: Own protection against being read twice + + * newfaq.tex,letterfaq.tex,faqbody.tex: Do away with conditional around + loading {dir,file}ctan + +Fri Oct 24 19:34:37 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): Add Oren Patashnik to list of + contributors (in anticipation...) + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Modify answer to offer Oren's + solution to the `BibTeX string too long' problem + Add a question about underlining + (top of file): v2.1l, today + + * filectan.tex: Add ulem.sty, abstract.bst + Excalibur entry now .sit.hqx (also corrected version no) + +Thu Oct 23 08:09:37 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: Add url.sty, update version number in the texinfo + distribution + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do X in TeX or LaTeX}): Rewrite the + initial text in a slightly less school-ma'am-ish way + +Fri Oct 10 19:40:06 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add question on + line numbering + + * dirctan.tex: Add lineno + Delete a bunch of entries that are wrong/irrelevant/misleading + (including all the latex209 ones that didn't get moved to latex + by Seb in his LGC campaign, apart from ones that might figure in + a future question, like chbars, chem{struct,tex}) + Correct xymtex (to contrib/other), crossword (to contrib/other/ + crosswrd), elsevier (to contrib/supported), footnpag (to contrib/ + supported), ucthesis (to contrib/supported) + Replace epic with (macros/latex/contrib/other/)eepic + + * filectan.tex: Add numline, latex209-base + Correct ukhyph + +Fri Oct 10 11:41:13 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Recent Developments}): Correct John Plaice's + email address + +Fri Oct 10 07:01:24 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): Process \mailto + Use $0 if environment SCRIPT_NAME isn't defined + + * faq.sty: Define \mailto + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Convert \Email to \mailto for addresses + that should/could be mailable direct from the web instance of the FAQ + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Note update date of pctex info + +Thu Oct 9 22:36:02 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): Add a question on + the behaviour of \include; small extension of the question about \verb + to note other exciting error messages + +Wed Oct 8 16:38:52 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): ctan-web from tug2 + rather from its old Oh Really site + +Wed Oct 8 00:26:29 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@betsy.al.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: Upgraded for perl5 (heaven knows whether it now works + under perl4 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Add a url for + ctindex.html in addition to the full thing + +Mon Sep 6 13:50:51 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): New email addresses for PTI + +Fri Sep 5 18:42:23 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): correct URL for WC + CDROM information + +Wed Aug 20 10:51:16 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Add tug2.cs.umb.edu + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): Add Donald + Arseneau's note about \mathbf vs. AMSLaTeX + (section{Introduction}): Add Donald Arseneau to acknowledgements + +Wed Aug 13 11:27:55 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (clean): Only delete .aux files cgi-bin script doesn't use + + * dirctan.tex: amslatex from latex/packages, amstex from macros/amstex, + fontsel from latex209/amslatex/fontsel (oops); junk AMS author-info + and its guidelines + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): Mentioned + changing the text, and \enlargethispage for split footnotes + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): Add a question + on bold greek letters + +Tue Aug 12 14:39:30 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): Add question on + split footnotes + v 2.1f, today + (section{Introduction}): Add David Kastrup to list of acknowledgements + +Mon Aug 11 16:07:37 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): Quote a CPAN address for + SGMLS (was using a direct UOttawa address for dmeggins' directory) + 2.1e, today + +Tue Jul 22 12:37:17 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * archive.list: List of acceptable archives (just archive name and root + so far, but abbrevs and acceptable formats also possible) + + * texfaq2html: Further work to make the archive list and archive + selection work + Make the selected archive and format hidden input from the search form + +Mon Jul 21 13:59:21 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html: Add format (or f) and archive (or a) keywords + Add link at end to UK TUG home page + Add archive_list variable + + * archive.list: New file, list of allowable archives + +Thu Jul 10 11:26:42 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * texfaq2html (sanitize_line): Add translation of \thinspace{} to space + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): {} after \thinspace + +Tue Jul 8 09:48:20 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): remove reference + to doublespace.sty + v2.1d, today + + * filectan.tex: threeparttable.sty is now a latex (rather than 209) + package + remove entry for alltt + + * texfaq2html: correct (to non-opaque html) translation of \pounds + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Refer to the win32 port of + Web2C, miktexppc and miktex-AXP, and the djgpp port of Web2C + + * dirctan.tex: Directory name djgpp (an obscure pointer to something + deep in the ps2pk tree) subverted to point at systems/msdos/djgpp + Add win32-web2c, miktexppc and miktex-AXP + +Wed Jun 18 15:57:57 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: v2.1c, today + +Wed Jun 18 00:17:56 1997 Robin Fairbairns (robin@sams-machine) + +* faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Rearranged (and somewhat + reworded) the CDROM question, at Sebastian's suggestion + +Tue Jun 17 23:03:43 1997 Robin Fairbairns (robin@sams-machine) + +* faqbody.tex (section{Recent Developments}): Typos in PDFTeX stuff, change + assertion to say it is postgrad research rather than originating in an MSc + project (as I thought but Sebastian didn't) +(section{Perhaps There \emph{isn't} an Answer}): Make reference to TUG as + contact for TeX bugs a link + +Tue Jun 17 14:43:56 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): fancyheadings-> + fancyhdr + (section{Format conversions}): Further iteration of the acrobat- + creation text + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): fancyheadings->fancyhdr in + the first-page-empty thing... + (top of file) version 2.1b, today's date + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Correct \Qref in 4AllTeX text + + * dirctan.tex: other/fancyheadings->supported/fancyhdr + + * faq.sty: Added \PDFTeX + +Mon Jun 16 15:40:07 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Added pdftex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): Add Mark to committee list, + change URL to www.tex.ac.uk and remove footnote about it being + temporary + (throughout): \emph{}asise `your name' in mailing list subscription + info + (section{The Background}): Correct address for TUG + (section{Format conversions}): dvips implements the hypertex specials + now + (section{Format conversions}): First stab at editing `making acrobat + documents' + (section{\MF{}}): Got rid of that awful American-style date in ln03 + mode file + (section{Recent Developments}): Added a pdftex question, moved all the + statements about eTeX into present tense, and linked to TeX live in + the CDROMs section + + * newfaq.tex: Edit note (beneath title) to refer to 1995 Christmas + edition, and to make availability via WWW present tense... + +Tue Jun 10 12:44:20 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Tidy question about + availability of the article, and reword pointer to Bodenheimer's one + since it's now just to the directory; + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): Reword the question about DC + fonts to one about EC fonts. + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Add TeX Live to CD-ROM distributions + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Remvoed the reference to the AIX and 386ix + distributions (which are wildly out of date), tidy up the text about + Linux, and add a caveat about the Slackware '96 disc + Top of file: change to version 2.1 + + * dirctan.tex: Add TeX-FAQ (in obsolete/help) + Remove dc, add ec in its place + + * filectan.tex: Remove TeX-FAQ + +Tue Jun 3 15:38:34 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): add the LGC to the + book list, and change the phrasing of the `books that cover 2e' list + at the bottom of the list. + +Thu Apr 24 11:03:17 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Correct Kinch's details + just that little bit further + +Wed Apr 23 09:31:06 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): New Web address for PTI + +Mon Apr 21 14:48:56 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Remove (confusing) faq and sgi dirs (both under fweb) + +Thu Apr 17 17:34:55 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Final address for NTG's Web + offering... + +Wed Apr 2 13:57:22 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Update Kinch's web address + +Fri Mar 7 10:45:43 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or + \LaTeX{}}): Recode the expression of |\begin{comment}| ... it + would appear that the perl happily gobbles the \begin{comment} + because it's something it knows about + +Mon Mar 3 16:53:14 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: Bunch of changes from latex209->latex trees + +Wed Jan 29 15:44:52 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: Get xtexcad from graphics/xtexcad + + * faqbody.tex (section{Support Packages for \TeX{}}): xtexcad + definitely does work on other Unices + +Tue Jan 7 12:25:50 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Remove the (hopeless) + reference to news.answers archives of BB's FAQ, and add references to + source location of our FAQ and to the cstug, dante and (2) french FAQs + (section{Introduction}): Update the information about the committee, + add a pointer to the sources, and tidy + (throughout): convert URL and FAQ to \acro (and change the one instance + of "an FAQ" to "a FAQ" ... who knows which is right, after all?); a + few more Ulrik Vieth typos + (section{Recent Developments}): Add references to Omega and e-TeX + distributions + + * dirctan.tex: Add dante-faq, french-faq, uktug-faq, omega, e-TeX + +Thu Jan 2 13:56:25 1997 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): a small number of extra extra typos from + Ulrik Vieth + +Fri Dec 20 11:23:29 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Several typos corrected, mostly spotted by + Ulrik Vieth + Remove pointer to help/TeX-index/TeX-index from `finding packages', and + add a reference to www.ora.com instead + (section{Documentation and Help}): Add reference to www.dante.de in the + question on finding files on CTAN + + * filectan.tex: Remove TeX-index (since it's now no longer on CTAN) + +Thu Dec 12 12:35:35 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Add moreverb + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Correct the archive pointer + from the question on texinfo + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add reference to moreverb in + the question on including a file in verbatim + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): Add a question + whose answer is (in part) stblftnt.sty + (section{Format conversions}): Add a reference to texcnven + + * filectan.tex: Change texinfo-macros to texinfo-dist, which points to + the .tar.gz file, and add a texinfo-dist-zip (oh dammit) + Add stblftnt.sty and texcnven + +Sat Oct 19 21:48:52 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Correct area code in Kinch's + telephone and fax nos + +Wed Jul 24 15:27:32 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Move ctan-ann to + Heidelberg ... + There are `other' TeX-related lists there now (!) + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Move ctan to Heidelberg too + +Mon Jul 1 11:26:32 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile (clean): new target + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): removed first + component of vm.urz.uni-heidelberg.de + +Thu Jun 27 15:06:50 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Downgrade the + reference to TeX-Index (should I junk reference to it altogether?), + and give catalogue.html top billing + (section{Acquiring the Software}): finger ctan@ftp.tex.ac.uk or + ctan@ftp.dante.de + + * filectan.tex: Add catalogue + +Thu Jun 20 13:29:07 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Remove reference to + ftpmail@shsu.edu + (section{Documentation and Help}): Nahhh... you can't get the FAQ from + SHSU's mail server (can you?) -- tell 'em to use ftpmail instead + +Tue Jun 18 17:10:49 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Removed SHSU from the + list of CTAN sites + +Mon May 27 13:49:23 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: Corrections submitted by Brian Ripley + +Wed May 22 14:25:07 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: Update moreverb + +Sat May 18 17:06:12 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Add mdwtools + + * filectan.tex: Add threeparttable + +Thu May 2 17:47:51 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: for the letterfaq.*ps, use -t letter (now that I've + installed it in the config files... ;-) ... not that it works at all + ... ah me, back to the drawing board ... + +Thu Apr 11 12:59:58 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Extended TCI's ZIP to 9 digits + (_big_ deal!) + +Thu Apr 4 10:52:35 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Updated V\TeX entry from + MicroPress' home page (mailed a copy to their support address for + their evaluation + +Thu Mar 21 18:03:59 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Add miktex + + * filectan.tex: Correct location of setspace + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Add mik\TeX + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Comment out the \subQ ahead of + the fancyheadings question, pending resolution of the problems with + the HTML-iser + +Wed Mar 13 11:08:11 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: setspace from contrib/supported/setspace + +Mon Mar 11 <some time> 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: major revision from SPQR (forgot to log it...) + +Mon Mar 4 09:57:37 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * companion.ctan: fnpara from contrib/other/misc + +Thu Feb 29 12:52:18 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faq.sty: Hideous hacking (no doubt, phase 1 only ;-) to get \subQ + working + +Thu Feb 22 11:59:26 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added Q66a (but + it won't typeset yet, because I don't have \subQ coded...) + +Wed Jan 31 09:37:17 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Recent Developments}): Disembuggered a bit of + conditional code in \LaTeXe question + (section{The Background}): Minor typo editing + (section{The Background}): WG-92-05 contact:=Sebastian, WG-94-07:=Karl + Berry + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): hyphen.cfg not lthyphen.cfg + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Add a word about the + alternative hyphenation character in DC fonts 1.2 + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add descriptions of fenm[pf] + + * dirctan.tex: Change tds to point to tds/draft-standard + +Tue Jan 30 15:05:06 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): Removed `May' from the + assertion about the date when JF hopes to release + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): Add projected release date for EC + fonts (courtesy Ulrik Vieth), and add an exhortation about using + 1.2/pl1 at least + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Add a reference to mathppl, in the + section on mathptm (of course) + + * filectan.tex: Add mathppl + +Fri Jan 19 09:33:25 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: (Throughout): Odd bits of \acro-isation ... still, + and general proof-reading corrections + (section{The Background}): Restore \rightmargin for quote env for NTG + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Commented out the elaborate text + about the Decus TeX collection (we know there's up-to-date images, but + the only mirror I can find is dated Apr '94, and wuarchive times out + (section{\MF{}}): Use list rather than tabular for the log report + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Remove the reference to PSNFSS in the + discussion about font metrics + (section{Recent Developments}): Further iteration of the panegyric + about the qualities of 2e; also removed the text about latexbug, since + it also appears in the last question + + * faq.sty: Today's date, slight increment of version + Add a command \fullline + +Thu Jan 18 14:15:23 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Commented LAMSTeX out again + Gave the version today's date + (section{Recent Developments}): \acro-ised dvi throughout, except for + one instance where referring to the file name extension + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Removed the question + "insisting on changing the margins" (merged into the previous one), + reword the statements it makes slightly + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added Seb's question on + drawing packages + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Added a reference to TeXtelmExtel directory + + * dirctan.tex: Add TeXtelmExtel + + * production/bask5_6.tex: A bit more in the intro; \acro-ised + +Wed Jan 17 11:53:21 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): Hacked out Bodenheimer's intro + (which used to be commented out anyway); change "has been" to "was" in + describing Bodenheimer's maintenance... + Gave the version today's date + A few more proofreading corrections + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Redone the examples in the + figures-in-text question to use explicit line breaks + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Add question on hyphenation + of accented words + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): Add question on DC fonts + + * filectan.tex: Correct TeX-FAQ address (must have been wrong from the + start!!! + +Tue Jan 16 15:43:04 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: Lots more \acro-isation + Up to v2.0d, dated today + Bunches of proof-reading corrections + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Added TeXtelMextel to list of shells + + * faq.sty: \acro-ise ISBN + +Mon Jan 15 09:44:14 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Added a web address for NTG + Surround both instances of `2e' in question names with \boldmath + +Sun Jan 14 18:01:19 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: Surrounded a whole bunch of things in \acro + (section{The Background}): Added a few Web addresses for user groups + (throughout): Various proofreading corrections (DPC,MJC,RF) + + * dirctan.tex: Got rid of all the old references to fonts/metrics + + * faq.sty: In \AllTeX, kern equally on either side of the closing + parenthesis + \acroise \DANTE, \MSDOS and \CDROM + Declare a \twee macro (to append 2e if necessary) + Define a \careof macro (code out of tugboat.dtx) + +Tue Jan 9 13:19:42 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): Only one version of + "\AllTeX{} conversion to HTML" question title + (throughout): \TeX{}/\LaTeX{} -> \AllTeX{} + +Wed Jan 3 14:23:09 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add a label to + the text flowing section, for reference in the editorial + (throughout): more minor editorials + + * production/faqfont.cfg: Null file, to suppress faq.sty's default to + using times + + * production/bask5_6.tex: Rewrote the editorial and the title of the + FAQ article itself + + * production/baskerv.cls: Changed (guest) editor name + Subsection titles to use \bfseries (rather than \itshape) + +Note: directory spqr renamed as production... + +Tue Jan 2 12:35:03 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * spqr/bask5_6.tex: From bask4_6.tex, but added \thisyear + and \thismonth + + * spqr/5_6baskerv.cls: Changed subsection heading back to \bfseries + Select font encoding before selecting family mbvx, + \usepackage{t1enc}->\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Many minor editorial changes + Use \raggedwithindent + Subsume every occurrence of CTAN in an \acro + + * faq.sty: Add \@ wherever I consider it necessary (includes replacing + at least one instance of `\spacefactor1000 ' + Add a kern before the closing parenthesis in \AllTeX + Add an \acro command (and \textSMC as a result...) + Redo \Question using \newcommand with an optional argument, and set + raggedright in the question title (note: suppresses hyphenation) + Add \nothtml command (transparent) + +Mon Jan 1 16:37:53 1996 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): Add Donald Arseneau and + W. Henning (what's the man's first name?) + (section{The Background}): Remove line break in Dante details + (section{Format conversions}): Add text on TeX2RTF + (section{Format conversions}): Correct SPQR's reference to latex2rtf + (he was plainly talking about tex2rtf) + (section{The Background}): Add a label to the lollipop question + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Refer to the lollipop question where + a side reference to it is made re. PostScript metrics + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Slight rearrangement of text + in the stuff on wrapping text around figures... + + * faq.sty: Add an \AllTeX command + + * 00readme: Update, dealing with the existence of 600dpi versions, + letterfaq (used only to be dealt with in one place) and possibility of + problems with old versions of 2e + + * Makefile.FTP: Add 00readme to `all' target + + * Makefile: Add the .300ps things as separate targets + Ensure the ftp-directory Makefile is writeable once it's there + +Sat Dec 30 17:20:05 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex: Upped the file version and given it today's date + (section{Documentation and Help}): Sort out the text about obsolete man + pages... + (section{Documentation and Help}): Tried a few apostrophe-s in the list + of book titles that cover 2e + (section{Documentation and Help}): Tidied up DPC's text a bit + (incidentally also dealing with a fantasy introduced by my spelling + checker!) + (section{Documentation and Help}): Couple of minor enhancements to + Carol's text + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added the long-bruited + question on flowing text around figures + + * dirctan.tex: Added reference for floatflt + + * filectan.tex: Added references for picins and wrapfig + +Fri Dec 29 21:03:12 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * Makefile: Move removal of the Makefile into the bracketed bit in + install + Let's have letterfaq.ps actually *make* letterfaq.ps rather than yet + another newfaq.ps, folks! + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Added Walnut Creek + address and telephone nos from their Web site + +Thu Dec 28 18:53:45 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Replaced + \Question[index]{Finding \TeX{}/\LaTeX{} macro packages} and + \Question[compan-files]{Finding \LaTeXe{}-related packages} with two + entirely new answers by the estimable Dr. C. + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Added a reference to Walnut Creek's + little baby (and despatched a message asking for more) + +Tue Dec 19 17:07:09 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Updated Kinch's details from + the email he sent me + + +Sat Dec 9 17:24:47 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@nape.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Updated Kinch's entry as best + I can just now... + +Mon Dec 4 10:03:22 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Rewrote paragraph about + Goel's document to cover Reckdahl's one as well + (section{Documentation and Help}): Rewrite `where to find' to make more + clear the distinction between Bodenheimer's article and ours (which + does, after all, get updated ;-) + (section{Documentation and Help}): Put all the subscribe messages in + the question on mailing lists into \texttt, so they can break + + * dirctan.tex: Delete reference for ps2psfrag, alter psfrag to 2e + version + Add subfigure + Convert (2.09) supertab to (2e) supertabular + + * filectan.tex: Added epslatex + + * newfaq.tex: Remove the reference to c.t.t FAQ in the note, since it's + plain that nothing will ever get into anything maintained by + Bodenheimer + +Fri Dec 1 16:30:56 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Add tweb + + * faqbody.tex (section{\MF{}}): Add a label to `getting \MF to do what + you want' + (section{Literate programming}): Add a reference to tweb + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): Add Carol's set: dvi, driver, pk + and tfm (order probably needs attention) + (section{Format conversions}): Thrown out scribe + + * filectan.tex: Add dvitype + +Thu Nov 30 12:01:01 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Convert all reference to specific TUGboat + issues to use the \TUGboat macro, all other references to \textsl + (section{Format conversions}): Add Clark's DSSSL page where Seb wanted + one, and fill in the URL for stil (Seb found this) + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Suggest upgrading \LaTeXo + ("if they must"), nopageno.sty + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Sort out the reference to emTeX + + * faq.sty: \ignorespaces before handing on to \@tugboat + + * dirctan.tex: Add latex209-base + + * filectan.tex: Add nopageno + +Wed Nov 29 16:33:39 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): |\protect\cmd| -> + \cs|protect|\cs|cmd| so that it doesn't get (hem-hem) b*ed by Alan's + perl script + (section{The Background}): Add reference to tds in the TWG's blurb + (section{The Background}): Update T.V. Raman's email address + (section{Documentation and Help}): Note that the book list is only of + English ones + (): + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): Add reference + to \frontmatter, \backmatter in the thing about unnumbered sections in + the TOC + + * dirctan.tex: Add tds + +Tue Nov 28 10:14:34 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Add hyper and hyperref + Change psfonts to dos-psfonts (it wasn't referred to, anyway), and + create a new psfonts pointing at fonts/psfonts + + * faq.sty: Add definition of \TUGboat + Use \ProgName for \Package, pro tem + + * faqbody.tex: Change version number + (section{Recent Developments}): Junk Q-SGML (and the one reference to + it) + (section{Perhaps There \emph{isn't} an Answer}): uktex->texhax + (section{Format conversions}): Added questions on hyperTeX and + conversion to pdf, and replace Q-SGML2TeX and Q-LaTeX2HTML + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Replace Q-usepsfont, Q-metrics, + psfonts-problems + (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): A bit more text from Alan about + uppercase shenanigans + (section{The Background}): Update TUG's address + +Sat Nov 18 12:23:58 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Perhaps There \emph{isn't} an Answer}): Added a + pointer to the bugs database in the last question (ASAJ's suggestion) + + * dirctan.tex: Remove emtex/betatest + +Sat Nov 18 00:05:11 1995 robin (robin@dosmachine) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Added the metafont + list to the section on mailing lists + (section{Introduction}): Redone the list of committee names (it said + "1993-94" !!!), and added a paragraph acknowledging Rho's, Jonathan's + and Chris's efforts. + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Make the numeric addresses \FTP + addresses, too, so that they wrap + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Put `quote site index' (and, + separately, `site index') into \texttt (rather than verbatim) so that + it wraps if necessary + (section{Support Packages for \TeX{}}): Add a bit of explanation of + _why_ VorTeX isn't still being developed + + * dirctan.tex: Add metapost + +Fri Nov 17 23:29:42 1995 robin (robin@dosmachine) + + * faqfont.cfg: Deal with \Dings + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): Added John Hobby (because I'm + lifting some of his text) and Piet van Oostrum to the list of + contributors + (section{The Background}): Add a new question about MetaPost (does it + really need to be separate?) + +Fri Nov 17 13:12:10 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * dirctan.tex: Correct teTeX base directory and add tetex-bin + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Disambiguate + references to Gratzer's books in the short para after the list of LaTeX + books + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Add reference to the teTeX binaries + directory + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Remove witter about emTeX betatest, and + reword the reference to memory extenders (emxrsx is now part of the + distribution) + +Wed Nov 8 11:41:47 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * filectan.tex: Add mil + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Add reference to the + acrobat sampler of Gratzer's book + +Tue Nov 7 11:02:31 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Updated scientific word's + telephone no, following mail from Christopher + (section{Documentation and Help}): Add Gratzer's new book, and correct + the text at the end of the list detailing 2e coverage + +Sat Aug 26 14:57:41 1995 Robin Fairbairns <rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk> + + * faqbody.tex (section{Recent Developments}): Subscription information + for the omega list + +Mon Jul 3 15:01:38 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * 00readme: Note that psfonts-beta is being used + + * dirctan.tex: Added the two musixtex directories + + * faqbody.tex: Added WWW entries for Bluesky, Personal TeX Inc. and TCI + Removed claim of "orchestral" music for MusicTeX, added a reference to + MusiXTeX + +Wed Jun 28 16:17:28 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex: subscribe to texhax via texhax-request + give details of Kopka and Daly 2nd ed + changed fileversion to 1.9e + +Thu Jun 15 17:26:05 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex: Added DPC's neato search for package.??? in quote site + index + +Wed May 3 10:06:54 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * companion.ctan: Corrected companion.ctan re. curves + +Fri Apr 28 13:10:30 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * simpl-sum.txt: A plain text version of the question `what is TeX' + +Fri Mar 31 11:15:23 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * texnames.sty: Add definition of \mathcal if it's not there, and + redo \AMSLaTeX, \AMSTeX (et al) in terms of \AmS defined similarly + to how the definition of \AmSTeX was done + +Mon Mar 6 14:55:13 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * companion.ctan: Added graphics.sty (not in companion?) + +Sat Feb 11 14:23:41 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Update contact details for Y&Y + (section{Documentation and Help}): details of ctan-ann mailing list + Up to 1.9d + +Tue Jan 31 17:48:21 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Add a proviso about + multiline-message suppression using `-' to the blurb about quote site + index + +Mon Jan 30 12:46:02 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * updates.tex (section{Updates to the FAQ}): as its name implies -- a + contribution to BV 5.1 + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Corrected the + information about info-tex and ctt-digest and their mutual relationship + to comp.text.tex + + * filectan.tex: corrected file name of Tobin's metafont intro (and also + its directory!) + +Fri Jan 20 17:12:20 1995 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faq.cls: Adjust the page layout with a view to simplicity, symmetry, + and all those good things + +Fri Dec 16 13:22:52 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Remove the em-dashes between + the item labels and the TWG titles + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}}): Remove the + gratuitous \protect commands from the non-moving part of the [sub] + section arguments in the question on fiddling with the layout of + sectioning commands + (section{The Background}): Use \Emaildot for Yannis' address + (section{Format conversions}): Ditto for Nathan Torkington + (section{Documentation and Help}): Split the title boxes for both + Gr\"atzer's and Shultis' books + (section{\MF{}}): Insert @{} at every touch and turn in the + `table' specification for the instructions for inimf + + * faqfont.cfg: Add (null) definition of \Dings + + * faq.sty: If using PostScript, define \Dings + Add \Emaildot (as \Email, but dot-separates the first part of the + name) + + * letterfaq.tex: Same as original newfaq.tex (i.e., letter paper by + default), except for \Dings + + * newfaq.tex: Load faq.cls with a4paper option, use \Dings between toc + and body + + * faq.cls: Use the paper size we're loaded with; adjust size of text + relative to it (using same values SPQR does for A4 paper, not some wild + proportional values) + +Mon Dec 12 13:07:36 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex: Use \ifnotreadCTAN, set it once the configs read + + * faq.sty: Add \ifnotreadCTAN + +Sat Dec 10 10:21:36 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faq.cls: First iteration of a class -- aim is that it should + ultimately be `generic' as between paper sizes + + * newfaq.tex: Reword for `after the publication', add invocations of + multicols + +Sun Dec 4 13:54:02 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) (Sun 13:) + + * faqbody.sty (throughout): The red-biro attack. + (throughout, again): The red-fine-felt-tip-pen attack (JF). + (section{Recent Developments}): Add a short blurb about JF's work. + + * spqr/baskerv.cls: Cut down \topsep in \@listi to 4pt basic + + * spqr/bask4_6.tex: Add a paragraph about use of the December edition; + Don't bother with table of contents before the editorial; the only toc + is that within the article itself + +Wed Dec 7 12:07:47 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * dirctan.tex: Add sgml2tex + + * faqbody.tex (section{Recent Developments}): Add reference to the + conversion programs in the answer about JF's stuff + (section{Format conversions}): Add an answer about SGML2TeX conversion + programs + (section{\MF{}}): Modify the surroundings of the table for running MF, + to get rid of the unsightly space at the top + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): Comment out that question on font + formats + +Tue Dec 6 13:54:07 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex: Change file version and date + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): Add question on font formats + +Mon Dec 5 15:27:20 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * spqr/baskerv.cls: Hack the toc to make it not produce newarticle + entries whatsoever + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Final consistency checks following + spell-check + +Sun Dec 4 13:54:02 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.sty (throughout): The red-biro attack. + (throughout, again): The red-fine-felt-tip-pen attack (JF). + (section{Recent Developments}): Add a short blurb about JF's work. + + * spqr/baskerv.cls: Cut down \topsep in \@listi to 4pt basic + + * spqr/bask4_6.tex: Add a paragraph about use of the December edition; + Don't bother with table of contents before the editorial; the only toc + is that within the article itself + +Fri Dec 2 17:49:38 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * texnames.sty: Use \mathcal rather than \cal + + * filectan.tex: Add morefloats.sty + + * faqbody.tex (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Replaced two + questions on floats with one conglomerate one (by me) + +Thu Dec 1 22:04:45 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): Add a new + question on #-doubling (from a post of David C's) + (section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}}): Add a new question on BibTeX + string sizes + +Tue Nov 29 18:49:52 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * spqr/bask4_6.tex: Twiddled with secnumdepth/tocdepth to get things + looking roughly right + +Tue Nov 29 13:19:09 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): Add a question on + uppercase, from Jonathan's input + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Move the CD question here from TeX + systems + (throughout): Minor editorials + + * faq.sty: Version no:=0.6, date changed + Added hacked-about LaTeX logo + +Mon Nov 28 13:32:53 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * spqr/bask4_6.tex: Moved setting secnumdepth/tocdepth to inside the + FAQ article + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): More of my minor editorials + (subsection*{Finding the Files}): Added note about the lack of + full stops + (section{Introduction}): Sorted list of helpers into alphabetical + order, removed dots from the end + +Sun Nov 27 18:23:34 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Why does it \emph{do} that?}): Add question on + the problems with \verb (from JF's input) + +Sat Nov 26 22:09:17 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Added Tom Rokicki's details + (wot no contact number) and changed the `source' of the stuff from the + AMS listing + +Fri Nov 25 12:41:36 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Barbara Beeton's comments and Alan + Jeffrey's niggles + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Added reference to mathptm in + Berthold's question + (throughout) Minor markups by your truly + (section{Documentation and Help}): Added a question about email lists + + * faq.sty: Remove spurious space generated by \ProgName + Separate the hyphens in \TeXXeT. + +Thu Nov 24 15:29:47 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Editorial markup after looking at + \BV-formatted version + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Add a bit of blurb about Northlake Software + + * dirctan.tex: Add emtex-betatest + + * faq.sty: Define a new environment proglist (maps to booklist while + we've got program names italic) + + * spqr/baskerv.cls: Remove stuff from faq.sty, and add requirement of + the FAQ package + Comment out definition of \CTAN (to something inconsistent) + +Wed Nov 23 10:20:27 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faq.sty: Make program names typeset in italic (experimentally) + + * faqbody.tex: Released to SPQR for his work ... then: + (throughout): SPQR's editorial changes + +Tue Nov 22 22:53:24 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex: Iterate calls of \cs back again... + + * faq.sty: Define \cs in terms of robust \csx (which is exactly the + same as the original \cs); \cs|...| now + +Tue Nov 22 13:10:26 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * texnames.sty: Sort out the definition of BibTeX (\if re. \textsc was + in the wrong place), do similar thing for SliTeX + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): All \ldots -> \dots (and make sure there's + a {}!) + (section{Introduction}): Add Ulrik to the intro + (throughout): Two complete iterations of the syntax for \cs + + * faq.sty: Replace my implementation of footnoteenv by one posted by + David to comp.text.tex (on a different matter, but there we are...) + Change syntax of \cs to \cs|...|, then find that doesn't work and + change it again to \cs[...] + + * faqvers.tex: Removed, since now done in faqbody.tex + +Mon Nov 21 22:49:05 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faq.sty: Replace \def\Q with the version Seb had put in the faqbody + + * faqbody.tex: Remove \def\Q from front of file, and insert the content + of filevers.tex in its place (with comment about how it's to stay where + it is) + + * newfaq.tex: Instead of reading faqvers.tex, read the first two lines + of faqbody.tex and execute them to get the file version and date + +Mon Nov 21 12:52:09 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Implement Ulrik Vieth's and Malcolm Clarks + (latest) comments; + (section{How do I do \textsl{X} in \LaTeX{}}): Add a question about + indenting the first line of sections (Ulrik's suggestion) + + * faq.sty: Added definition of \ISBN (to encourage uniformity) + \DANTE simply expands to DANTE (until someone else tells me + something different ;-) + + * dirctan.tex: Added rnototex (now that it exists) and tetex + +Sun Nov 20 16:16:26 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): Deal with David C's comments + (section{Documentation and Help}): Add reference to LaTeX for + Scientists and Engineers; + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Add some blurb about SciWord + (throughout): Deal with my editorial markup + Two new questions + + * newfaq.tex: Report the number of questions at the end + + * faq.sty: \ignorespaces at the beginning, \unskip at the end of + footnoteenv + + * filectan.tex: Add xtexcad, CTAN-sites (needs checking) + +Fri Nov 18 22:12:21 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Format conversions}): Correct Mark James' email + address, following mail from him saying that's OK (section name + changed, too) + (section{Acquiring the software}): Correct the DECUS address, telephone + no., etc., and Ted Nieland's email address; also add the proviso about + updating of the VMS material in the DECUS collection + (throughout): execute Reinhard Zierke's updates (though don't add his + complete set of ISBNs for von B ... yet: just leave them there behind + comment makers) + +Tue Nov 15 10:12:48 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * dirctan.tex: Add alpha (the mac editor) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Added a question on Lollipop + (which may get updated if Eijkhout responds to my mail) + (section{Documentation and Help}): Three more book titles (ex Malcolm), + re-attribution of ISBNs Clark<->von Bechtolsheim + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Further refinement of the commercial stuff + + * faqvers.tex: Upped to v1.5, changed date + + * filectan.tex: Add texinfo-macros + +Mon Nov 14 22:14:08 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faq.sty: Add a ghastly \TeXXeT logo (and a trivial \MLTeX) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Add new questions on + \LAMSTeX{} (split out of \AMSTeX{}) and Texinfo + (throughout): "like"->"such as" (where appropriate) + +Mon Nov 14 12:02:44 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): editorials from loads of people, new stuff + for the AMSTeX question from Michael Downes, several new questions from + Sebastian... + + * filectan.tex: Added pk300[w] + + * faq.sty: Provide command \CDROM + +Sun Nov 13 20:27:34 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex (throughout): All incarnations of the name DOS converted + to \MSDOS{} + Lots of minor edits following another batch of comments from RAB; three + new questions + Berthold Horn's question on scaleable fonts (probably needs post- + printing review) + + * faq.sty: Redo definition of \cs to enable it to consume things other + than letters and others + Add definition of command \MSDOS + + * faqbody.tex (section{The background}): When referring to WEB, do it + in capitals for consistency (What is TeX?) + (section{Things are Going Wrong\ldots}): Change invocation of \cs + to be simply \cs{pagestyle{empty}}, following change to \cs +Fri Nov 11 11:45:59 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Modified the list of + commercial versions to say platform first, name of system second + (section{Introduction}): Add Malcolm's name to committee list!!!!! + +Thu Nov 10 12:38:03 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (from section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}} to + section{Recent Developments} [i.e., the end]): sorted the html anchor + texts + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Added Malcolm's body for the commercials + question + (section{The Background}): Added Damian Cugley's questions on + pronunciation + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added Damian Cugley's question + on logos + + * filectan.tex: Get setspace from the latex tree rather than the 209 + one + Add texnames + +Wed Nov 9 14:44:25 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Introduction}): Add Rick Zaccone to the list of + helpers + (up to section{Documentation and Help}): sorted the html anchor texts + +Tue Nov 8 11:43:02 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Added ISBNs (from + Malcolm) for his an von B's books + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}} and elsewhere): Small number of changes + arising from Alan's comments + + * filectan.tex: Add Excalibur-sea (we don't want them loading the + entire directory) + + * faqvers.tex: New, the settings of fileversion and filedate from + newfaq.tex + + * newfaq.tex: Replace setting of fileversion and filedate by inputting + of faqvers.tex + +Mon Nov 7 11:42:12 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faq.sty: define a footnoteenv as suggested by Alan + + * faqbody.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Removed the reference + to Flynn's ridiculously old "NETWORK SOURCES OF \TeX{}WARE" + (section{Acquiring the Software}): Couple of instances where there were + \\ commands at the end of a quote environment; this causes untoward + blank space after the environment, so they've been removed + (section{Bits and pieces of \TeX{}}): New section, with Seb's virtual + fonts question, and a version of \Rho's on \specials (will contain the + proposed .dvi and "what's a driver" questions, too) + (throughout): replace \footnote{}s with footnoteenv + +Sun Nov 6 20:10:52 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex: Slight editing, added questions on msx/y and am fonts + +Sat Nov 5 21:41:34 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex: Rearrange the intro slightly to include an outline of + what Usenet is about, for the benefit of members who aren't net- + connected (this at \Rho's suggestion) + Add question on paragraph setting parameters +Sat Nov 5 14:52:03 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faqbody.tex (section{The Background}): Changed our contact address to + Peter Abott + (section{Documentation and Help}): Implemented David's suggestion + re. the PicTeX manual + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): changed `public domain' to `freely + available' in re. PC versions + (section{Literate programming}): Added a short new question from David + on the whole concept + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Corrected yet more oddities in + the changemargin environment + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Changed `emphasised' to + `emboldened' in the LaTeX version + (section{Things are Going Wrong\ldots}): Add a reference to ukhyph + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Add reference to shareware fee payments for + OzTeX + (section{Things are going wrong}): Put the \caption commands in a + tabular env, for the benefit of Baskervill narrow setting + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Added Sebastian's new questions + (inter alia, replacing the original about setting in PS fonts) + + * filectan.tex: Add lw35nfss, LitProg-FAQ, ukhyph + +Wed Nov 2 01:26:47 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faqbody.tex: updated to match newfaq.tex (\Rho's questions added + yesterday) + +Tue Nov 1 09:58:40 1994 Sebastian the system admin (root@cygnet) + + * separated text into faqbody.tex and wrapper newfaq.tex; + this is to allow experimentation with Baskerville layout. + + * rewrote PostScript fonts question and the one on + metrics; added one on problems with PS fonts. + +Mon Oct 31 12:14:55 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex: Added a new section How do I do X in \LaTeX{}, as + suggested by \Rho, and stuck her remaining proposed questions in it + + * faq.sty: Added the stretchability recommendations from psnfss2e.tex + in case setting in times (and remove 'em again) + +Sun Oct 30 09:50:54 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faq.sty: define a \WYSIWYG command + + * filectan.tex: Change mf-beginners to refer to copy in documentation/, + add mf-list + + * newfaq.tex: Move BibTeX docs question above the one on the PicTeX + manual + (throughout): reformat every \Qref so that the content of the second + (first mandatory) argument is the whole of the anchor text + +Sat Oct 29 14:27:12 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * filectan.tex: Add modes-file (to avoid `modes.mf in \CTANref{modes}') + and mf-beginners (needs checking) + + * newfaq.tex (throughout): Use \Eplain{} for Eplain + Another instance of `\eTeX.'!!! + Mark up program names with \ProgName, (more) file names with \File + Hack at \MF{} section, following Karl Berry's suggestions + + * faq.sty: Define \Eplain (nullish sort of definition), \ProgName + Require comment.sty and exclude a comment of htmlversion + +Fri Oct 28 14:05:37 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Acquiring the Software}): Record checking of + bitftp@pucc.bitnet, listserv@dhdurz1.bitnet + (section{Documentation and Help}): Add reference to Norm Walsh's book + +Thu Oct 27 10:39:12 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added references + to abc2mtex, midi2tex (also uploaded 'em to CTAN) + (section{The Background}): Added comment about GNU copyleft to the `how + come it's free' question + (section{Documentation and Help}): Added new question about finding + \LaTeXe{} packages (as a place to hang a pointer to companion.ctan, + which I've almost finished...) + + * dirctan.tex: Added abc2mtex, midi2tex + + * filectan.tex: Added compan-ctan + +Wed Oct 26 23:39:41 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Sort out formatting of + the book lists (ISBNs uniform, no wrapping of \item parameters, removed + redundant braces) + +Wed Oct 26 12:57:11 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Added stuff about .dtx + files + (section{The Background}): Add a Question about Eplain (not exactly + frequently-asked, but there we are...) + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Use Oz\TeX{} as the `logo' + (throughout): Various corrections following Alan's problems generating + html + + * dirctan.tex: Corrected spelling of symbols in amsfonts-symbols... + +Wed Oct 26 00:02:37 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faq.sty: Yet another iteration of the \AtEndDocument CTAN reference + checks... + + * newfaq.tex (section{Things are going wrong}): Add RAB's questions + Behaviour of \rm, etc.; Missing symbols; Word division; Moving tables + and figures; Disappearing tables and figures + Add some words about journals in the intro to the question on double + spacing + +Mon Oct 24 11:26:27 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Refine reference + to amsfonts, to get to the directory directly related to the symbols + Comment out the "lazy person's" stuff, which I didn't like, and \Rho + says doesn't work + + * dirctan.tex: Added amsfonts-symbols (a subdirectory of amsfonts) + + * newfaq.tex (throughout): Do away with the "<American spelling> (sic)" + construct + (throughout): Lots of minor (and not-so-minor) editorials by Rosemary + + * faq.sty: Add tie between reference to question and the question + number + +Sun Oct 23 00:25:48 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: Change fileversion to 1.4, date to tomorrow + Add 1994/95 committee to the footnote + General editorial consistency tidy-up + Add question on which font files need to be kept after a run of mf + Add new section "why does it _do_ that", with Joachim's text about + protection (this is where the proposed question on paragraph parameters + will go, too) + + * faq.sty: Make provision for using faqfont.cfg + + * faqfont.cfg: Null configuration file to enable use of CM fonts + in the lab + +Sat Oct 22 15:41:11 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): Extended the text + around dvips for VMS + + * filectan.tex: Added {AXP,VAX}VMSdvips, VMSdvips-{fonts,support} + + * dirctan.tex: Added l2a + +Sat Oct 22 13:30:17 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: Removed the \NeedsTeXFormat (since it's now done in + faq.sty); also types out file versions and so on. + Modified text (sometimes by bodily shifts or even rewrites) to ensure + that if a \CTANref is at the end of a sentence, it's always also at the + end of a paragraph, with no full stop after it + Added references (which aren't yet satisfied) for VMS dvips executables + and l2a (do we want that, though?) + + * faq.sty: Moved \NeedsTeXFormat to style file + Define version number (now 0.4) and date, and type 'em out + +Fri Oct 21 09:52:11 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Redo the lists somewhat + (throughout): Sort out {}s after acronym macros (where did those come + from?) + + * filectan.tex: Specify usergrps.tex as coming from usergrps/info + +Fri Oct 21 13:40:02 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added reference + to vmargin (and posted a question about whether we still want vpage) + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Add reference to makeindex (to + match the one for macmakeindex) and idxtex (what's all this garbage + about texindex? -- the .tar.gz file in the directory is (shall we say) + peculiar...) + + * filectan.tex: Bit o' sorting into order... + Add fullpage, vmargin + + * texnames.sty: Make logo for BibTeX transportable (i.e., usable not in + LaTeX2e if required) + Add logos \LaTeXe and \LaTeXo + +Thu Oct 20 19:38:17 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Special Sorts of Typesetting}): First attempt at + defining the distinction between `indexing' (deciding what's to be + indexed and how) and `making an index' (generating the file to include + from the .ind) + Throughout: re-mark-up \Qrefs (though the ones in comments aren't + touched... + (section{DVI Drivers and Previewers}): use Mattes' own emTeX logo + (at least as it appears in his documentation...) + Throughout: verbatimise `ftp' + * dirctan.tex: change reference to fancyheadings to point into 2e + directory tree + + * texnames.sty: Define \BibTeX using \textsc rather than the ingenious + stuff that the original used (which, since it employs \sc, suppresses + the use of bold face in section titles) + + * faq.sty: \Qref now to have three arguments, the third being the + actual thing we're referring to (the second is for the html processor's + anchoring text) + +Mon Oct 17 21:03:06 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Change list of books to + use booklist environment + (section{Introduction}): Added a \subsection* giving details of the + `elided' first directory of every path name (this surrounded by + \htmlignore ... \endhtmlignore) + + * faq.sty: Add environment booklist for use in the list of books + (egob!) + Define \htmlignore,\endhtmlignore to mean \relax + +Mon Oct 17 09:16:55 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Correct to a + reference to screensty + Tiny tweak of the intro note + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Corrected reference to figsinlatex, + removed comments about the .dvi being available too... + + * dirctan.tex: Added vmspell, txtdist, texsgi declarations + Moved 2etools from newfaq.tex itself + + * newfaq.tex (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Record the fact that + EdMetrics is available on CTAN, rather than by writing to Bluew Sky + + * faq.sty: In \FAQverb only insert \leavevmode if actually in vertical + mode + + * newfaq.tex: Input dirctan.tex (instead of namectan) and filectan.tex + (instead of the inline definitions it contains) + Moved 2etools directory out to dirctan.tex + (section{PostScript and \TeX{}}): Give Blue Sky's telephone no. in + canonical form + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Corrected the reference to science.utah.edu + (which is now ftp.math.utah.edu), checked that the files for TOPS-20 + are still there... + (section{Documentation and Help}): Corrected numeric address for + rtfm.mit.edu + (section{Documentation and Help}): Made reference to the index an + (section{Acquiring the Software}): refer to, rather than name, + README.uploads + *Reference* the index rather than (as previously) use \CTANfile (which + did nothing and typeset oddly ;-) + + * filectan.tex: New, the _files_ bit from newfaq.tex Added references + to README.uploads, TeX-index, EdMetrics, screen.sty, usergrps.tex + + * dirctan.tex: Renamed from namectan.tex + Added a reference to TeX-index + +Sun Oct 16 10:28:04 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: Remove loading of package shortvrb and definition of the + short verb character + Changed layout of the path specified for the start of the CTAN archive + from "./tex-archive" to "tex-archive/" (and used \CTAN for reference in + place of \path) + Refer to ucthesis via its \CTANref + Change layout of the path reference for DECUS TeX on wuarchive (without + prejudice as to whether we actually want to retain the reference at + all, of course) + Quote DECUS library telephone number in the same way as all other nos + Correct reference to Barbara Beeton's email address + + * faq.sty: Comment out the use of path.sty, all of my old stuff about + the CTAN labels + Add Alan's versions of the same... (less transmission errors) + Load the shortvrb package, and define | as the short verbatim character + _before_ using it as a delimiter for the various path-like commands + Similarly, make sure `@' is catcoded to `other' before defining the + \Email macro + Start \FAQverb with \leavevmode, since otherwise we might find + ourselves trying to change language while in vertical mode + Define \path in terms of \FAQverb + +Sat Oct 15 22:08:23 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faq.sty: added, then removed again, \emergencystretch + +Sat Oct 15 10:08:43 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * namectan.tex: add bibtex-doc, graphics + + * newfaq.tex: editorial work on questions 2,4-9,11,12,14-19,21,24 + Commented out the "alternative" FAQ sites (though left reference to + rtfm.mit.edu) + taken away the (sanitised) group around all the ctan directory/file + commands + + * faq.sty: give \Qref an optional first argument (intro text, default + "see question") + make \CTANdirectory open a group, sanitise, and then call \@CTANdir + which is the old version of the command and then \egroup (similarly for + \CTANfile, with \@CTANfile) + make the scribble for undefined references come out in \texttt + lots of kerfuffle to recover the situation of the directory (etc.) + declarations split + + * path.sty: define \@morediscreet, a version of the same as the + internal version of \discretionaries, except that it defines all the + active characters to become \relax, so that they can be \xdef'ed + +Fri Oct 14 22:38:58 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: change \Qref{dvi-ps} to {Q-dvips} (one or the other had + to change, after all) + second \CTANfile{unixtexftp} was really a \CTANref + removed original entry in the systems list for Macs, since it's been + superseded by Seb's new one + second \CTANfile{btxmactex} was in fact a \CTANref + (outstanding package warnings re CTANrefs are texsgi,vmspell and + txtdist) + + * texnames.sty: made the name for SliTeX conform to the comment about + it (it's not a big deal now that it's dead, but lower-case `i' (as + opposed to small caps `i') looked really odd + + * faq.sty: Added some scribble text in case of an unassigned \CTANref + err ... yet another instance of \makeatletter ... and another + +Thu Oct 12 16:00 1994 Sebastian Rahtz (s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk) + + * Removed all non-CTAN ftp references (to be put back as a table) + + * changed order of questions + + * added list of committee names + + * made all questions statements, not questions (as per JS) + + * made complete list of CTAN names (namectan.tex) + +Tue Oct 11 13:37:28 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faq.sty: add (null) definition of \checked macro + made \CTANfile and \CTANdirectory \gdef their reference commands, and + defined a \CTANsanitise command + + * newfaq.tex: last two \CTANlabels become one \CTANdirectory (ispell) + and two \CTANfiles (VMS TeX) + (section{\MF{}}): mf \smode=... into a verbatim env (rather than short + verb) + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): VAX/VMS item -> VMS item (added a \checked + macro) + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): Updated the amiga stuff to point to CTAN + only (added a \checked macro) + +Fri Oct 7 15:24:29 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (throughout): more hacking at commands that split + themselves over lines, added {}s to the last few \LaTeXe's that needed + them + (section{\MF{}}): indent verbatim command sequences + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): unwrap Q-oztex \Question argument + (section{Documentation and Help}): use \LaTeX in Lamport's book title + (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): reference macmakeindex.sit + instead of giving an email address for Tolliver, which causes grief + with Alan's perl code... + + * faq.sty: Add a \DANTE command, at Alan's suggestion + +Thu Oct 6 14:05:36 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * faq.sty: provide the commands for doing the \CTANlabel/\CTANref game + + * newfaq.tex (section{Special sorts of typesetting}): Added remark + about the status of screenview + (throughout) try to ensure (as Alan requests) that all logos are + referenced as as \logoname{} _only_ + (throughout) install the \CTANref mechanism for referring to existing + CTAN addresses + updated \fileversion and \filedate... + +Mon Oct 3 09:05:14 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{Documentation and Help}): Removed repeated TUG + address from PicTeX manual question (replaced with reference to TUG + question); then moved question down below TUG question + (section{\TeX{} Systems}): mailed Elizabeth Tachikawa about the Unix + tape service + (section{Documentation and Help}): mailed latex-help-coordinator about + LaTeX help service, but the response was "unknown user" -- deleted + question and answer + (section{Documentation and Help}): Added a question about national/ + regional user groups + (section{Documentation and Help}): rationalise use of \BibTeX (in + particular, bibtex.1 is a _file_, not something that can reasonably + be expressed as a logo (why doesn't bold small caps appear in question + titles?) + +Sun Oct 2 17:14:30 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex (section{The Background}): Added body to the questions + What is TeX?, What is LaTeX?, why's it free? + (section{Introduction}): added a reference to Alan's server (even + though it's inevitably out of date w.r.t. this document...) + +Sat Oct 1 (evening) 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: significant upheaval (several new questions, fewer new + answers), following discussion with Jonathan; + add \NeedsTeXFormat requirement (should this be in faq.sty?); + new section The Background with some stuff moved out from Introduction, + containing questions What is TeX?, What is LaTeX?, should I use plain + or LaTeX?, why's it free?, why isn't it wysiwyg?, and what is the + future?; + Introduction completely re-written; + new questions in The Latest Developments, What is the NTS project?, + what is the LaTeX3 project? + + * faq.sty: new commands for \BV, \NTS, \eTeX and \URL + +Thu Sep 29 12:43:52 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: lots of minor typos corrected; + yet more markup added; + one or two more of Joachim's comments addressed (but note new \Q about + LaTeX 2.09 and `weird hyphenatoin') + + * faq.sty: load times.sty only \IfFileExists (such taste; such + originality) + +Wed Sep 28 10:23:30 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * newfaq.tex: modified so that all question references (that I've + spotted so far ;-) simply consist of a \Qref in parentheses; + first iteration of sticking stuff in new sections; + more books (well, one more) and into a new question; + more markup tidying (\Newsgroup, \CTAN, etc.); + now version 1.1, added \hfuzz and \emergencystretch + + * faq.sty: (possibly merely experimental ;-) made Questions into + subsections, removed subsection from \cl@section, numbered sections + alphabetically...; + make \Qref produce "see question \ref{#1}" + +Tue Sep 27 16:10:17 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex: change to use \BibTeX instead of \BiBTeX (since the + latter's not one of the forms the name appears in texnames.sty; + refer to PiCTeX, VorTeX through their (new) logo macros; + similarly (though not new logos) tex->\TeX, AMS[La]TeX, LaTeX, BibTeX, + SliTeX; + correct wording describing incorporation of SliTeX into 2e (ex Joachim + Schrod's suggestion) + + * texnames.sty: new, copied from eplain distribution, but with \PiCTeX + and \VorTeX added (pro tem, at least) + + * faq.sty: moved the font-setting commands, etc., into the package + +Tue Sep 27 14:17:51 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * faq.sty: markup commands in separate package (ultimately to come in + several versions according to the environment it's to be processed in + -- e.g., versions for PS font usage/cm font usage, even a version for + processing to plain text?) + + * newfaq.tex: moved all the markup commands out to (new) faq.sty; + couple of typos corrected following input from Joachim Schrod + +Thu Sep 22 09:18:38 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex: (last night's work) new-style markup for question + references, label for last question (so we can see how well we're + doing), \makeshortverb of \| so as to get coherent log output + + +Tue Sep 20 13:54:51 1994 Robin Fairbairns (rf@dorceus.cl.cam.ac.uk) + + * newfaq.tex: moved \documentclass, \usepackage above defs of + fileversion and date, so as not to pick up that from mflogo; + `getting a copy' - removed fileserv@shsu.bitnet, put various email + addresses in \Email; put NEWS.ANSWERS into more coherent form + (verbatim; and yes, it _does_ need to be upper case) + `pictex manual': escape the $s (!) + `oztex': it's now shareware, not PD + `fig and where to get it': remove escape from _ in \path (!) + `music': corrected email address for Taupin and his ftp site + `double-spacing': doublespace.sty is a file name; close paren round ref + to CTAN; "latest release of LaTeX"->"LaTeX2e" + `macros to do Y': verbatim site index command <term> in text + `... for machine Y running Q': FTP.nwc is a file, and yes, it is there + ibid, both AIX and PC made explicit reference to fpt.dante.de + `blackboard bold': tech-support is an email address; add reference to + the extraordinary bbm fonts + `repositories': correct address corresponding to ftp.tex.ac.uk; put + site index command into verbatim + `Laserjet': converted S's \Q about Berry's prog into an actual + reference to it + `\pagestyle{empty}': correct (;-) spelling of behaviour, "is"->"if" + `NFSS': rewritten to clarify relationship to New LaTeX + New question about things like \tenrm in 2e added + `references wrong': line up corrected code in two columns + `change margins': indent code + `width of letter, etc.': indent examples; remove redundant `T' from + LaTeX + `LaTeX2e': first production release was June + `log-like functions': indent examples + `\@': "?" at end of question + `Companion ... @': space after LaTeX in question, "!" at end + `I've found a bug': slight elaboration of 2.09 case + New version of path.sty with some hacking; redo all S's (and my one) + markup commands + +Mon Sep 19 11:46:40 1994 Robin Fairbairns (robin@home) + + * define \Newsgroup (same as all the rest, pro tem) and use it for + comp.tex.tex, comp.unix.wizards, news.answers, comp.sources.unix, + comp.programming.literate, comp.sources.misc, comp.text, comp.fonts + + * added new questions "what's all this about \@", "but the companion + tells me to use \@startsection" and "I've found a bug: what do I do" + (which last was a suggestion of Jonathan's) + + * put \fileversion in the title (rather than \filedate twice) + + * defined command \cs (out of ltxdoc.cls) so that we can put commands + in question names, required for q32 about \pagestyle{emtpy} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/FAQ-html.tar.gz b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/FAQ-html.tar.gz Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..925cd1b08d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/FAQ-html.tar.gz diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/FAQ-html.tar.xz b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/FAQ-html.tar.xz Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2cd61ef28de --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/FAQ-html.tar.xz diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..717708568a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +# define variables WEB, WEB_BETA, CGI_BIN, HOME_DIR, CTAN_HOME, CTAN_ROOT +include locations.mk + +# list of subdocuments of gather-faqbody +include subdocuments.mk + +BODY = gather-faqbody.tex filectan.tex dirctan.tex $(SUBDOCS) +MACROS = faq.cls faq.sty +CONFIGS = archive.cfg +CMFONTS = cmz +PATCH = newfaq-patch.tex add-general.tex add-hammond.tex +MAKEF = Makefile + +HTML_TAR = FAQ-html.tar.gz + +LATEX = latex +PDFLATEX = pdflatex + +CTAN_HOME = help/uk-tex-faq + +#h +#hThe main targets of this Makefile are +#h release build a distribution +#h +#h patch build latest patched version +#h +#h ctan install distribution on CTAN +#h (to be run on the CTAN machine) +#h web install files required for web access +#h (must be run on the machine that hosts +#h the CGI script) +#h web-index web access files, just (dir|file)ctan +#h web-beta as web, except beta distribution +#h +#h inst-perl install texfaq2html and sanitize.pl +#h in the cgi-bin directory +#h inst-perl-beta ditto, for texfaq2html-beta, sanitize-beta +#h inst-perl-gamma ditto, for texfaq2html-gamma +#h +#h html make html files in html/ +#h html-gamma make html files in html, copy for -gamma tests + +help:; @sed -n 's/^#h//p' < $(MAKEF) + +release: all html-tar +all: newfaq.pdf letterfaq.pdf + +# did have faqfont.cfg in here, but that caused problems, since it +# typically doesn't exist... + +# pdf generation has to be done one a different base file name because +# of incompatibilities in the .aux and .toc files +newfaq.pdf: newfaq.tex $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + ln -sf newfaq.tex ./pdf-newfaq.tex + rm -f faqfont.cfg + while ( \ + $(PDFLATEX) \\def\\Status{1} \\input pdf-newfaq ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" pdf-newfaq.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + thumbpdf pdf-newfaq + $(PDFLATEX) \\def\\Status{1} \\input pdf-newfaq + mv pdf-newfaq.pdf newfaq.pdf + rm pdf-newfaq.tex + +letterfaq.pdf: letterfaq.tex $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + ln -sf letterfaq.tex ./pdf-letterfaq.tex + rm -f faqfont.cfg + while ( \ + $(PDFLATEX) \\def\\Status{1} \\input pdf-letterfaq ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" pdf-letterfaq.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + thumbpdf pdf-letterfaq + $(PDFLATEX) \\def\\Status{1} \\input pdf-letterfaq + mv pdf-letterfaq.pdf letterfaq.pdf + rm pdf-letterfaq.tex + +patch: newfaq-patch + +newfaq-patch: newfaq-patch.pdf newfaq-patch.ps + +patch.pdf: newfaq-patch.pdf + +newfaq-patch.pdf: $(PATCH) $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + ./find-add-files + ln -sf newfaq-patch.tex ./pdf-newfaq-patch.tex + rm -f faqfont.cfg + while ( \ + $(PDFLATEX) \\def\\Status{1} \\input pdf-newfaq-patch ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" pdf-newfaq-patch.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + thumbpdf pdf-newfaq-patch + $(PDFLATEX) \\def\\Status{1} \\input pdf-newfaq-patch + mv pdf-newfaq-patch.pdf newfaq-patch.pdf + ln -sf newfaq-patch.pdf patch.pdf + rm pdf-newfaq-patch.tex + +patch.dvi: newfaq-patch.dvi + +newfaq-patch.dvi: $(PATCH) $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + ./find-add-files + while ( \ + $(LATEX) newfaq-patch ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" newfaq-patch.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + ln -sf newfaq-patch.dvi patch.dvi + +newfaq.aux: newfaq.dvi + +newfaq.dvi: newfaq.tex $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + echo $(LATEX) + while ( \ + $(LATEX) newfaq ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" newfaq.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + +letterfaq.dvi: letterfaq.tex $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + while ( \ + $(LATEX) letterfaq ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" letterfaq.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + +newfaq-cm.dvi: newfaq.tex $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + ln -sf faqfont.cfg.cmfonts faqfont.cfg + ln -sf newfaq.tex newfaq-cm.tex + while ( \ + $(LATEX) newfaq-cm ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" newfaq-cm.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + rm faqfont.cfg newfaq-cm.tex + +letterfaq-cm.dvi: letterfaq.tex $(BODY) $(MACROS) $(CONFIGS) + ln -sf faqfont.cfg.cmfonts faqfont.cfg + ln -sf letterfaq.tex letterfaq-cm.tex + while ( \ + $(LATEX) letterfaq-cm ; \ + grep "Rerun to get cross" letterfaq-cm.log > /dev/null ) do true ; \ + done + rm faqfont.cfg letterfaq-cm.tex + +$(HTML_TAR): + tar czvf $(HTML_TAR) html/* + +ctan: $(HTML_TAR) + (cd $(CTAN_ROOT)/$(CTAN_HOME); \ + really -u ctan make -f /home/rf/tex/faq/Makefile.CTAN) + +# faqbody for all the webbery stuff +faqbody.tex: $(SUBDOCS) gather-faqbody.tex + ./build-faqbody + +web: $(WEB)/dirctan.tex $(WEB)/filectan.tex $(WEB)/faqbody.tex $(WEB)/newfaq.aux $(WEB)/archive.list + +web-index: $(WEB)/dirctan.tex $(WEB)/filectan.tex + +$(WEB)/dirctan.tex: dirctan.tex +$(WEB)/filectan.tex: filectan.tex +$(WEB)/faqbody.tex: faqbody.tex +$(WEB)/newfaq.aux: newfaq.aux +$(WEB)/archive.list: archive.list +$(WEB)/aliasquestion.list: aliasquestion.list +$(WEB)/label-to-file.pl: label-to-file.pl + +$(WEB)/dirctan.tex $(WEB)/filectan.tex $(WEB)/faqbody.tex $(WEB)/newfaq.aux $(WEB)/archive.list $(WEB)/aliasquestion.list $(WEB)/label-to-file.pl: + if [ -f $@ ]; then \ + chmod 644 $@; \ + cp -p $< $@-t; \ + mv $@-t $@; \ + else \ + cp -p $< $@; \ + fi + chmod 444 $@ + +web-beta: $(WEB_BETA)/dirctan.tex $(WEB_BETA)/filectan.tex $(WEB_BETA)/faqbody.tex $(WEB_BETA)/newfaq.aux $(WEB_BETA)/archive.list $(WEB_BETA)/aliasquestion.list $(WEB_BETA)/label-to-file.pl + +$(WEB_BETA)/dirctan.tex: dirctan.tex +$(WEB_BETA)/filectan.tex: filectan.tex +$(WEB_BETA)/faqbody.tex: faqbody.tex +$(WEB_BETA)/newfaq.aux: newfaq.aux +$(WEB_BETA)/archive.list: archive.list +$(WEB_BETA)/aliasquestion.list: aliasquestion.list +$(WEB_BETA)/label-to-file.pl: label-to-file.pl + +$(WEB_BETA)/dirctan.tex $(WEB_BETA)/filectan.tex $(WEB_BETA)/faqbody.tex $(WEB_BETA)/newfaq.aux $(WEB_BETA)/archive.list $(WEB_BETA)/aliasquestion.list $(WEB_BETA)/label-to-file.pl: + if [ -f $@ ]; then \ + chmod 644 $@; \ + cp -p $< $@-t; \ + mv $@-t $@; \ + else \ + cp -p $< $@; \ + fi + chmod 444 $@ + +inst-perl: $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize.pl +inst-perl-beta: $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-beta $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize-beta.pl +inst-perl-gamma: $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-gamma + +$(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html: $(HOME_DIR)/texfaq2html +$(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-beta: $(HOME_DIR)/texfaq2html-beta +$(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-gamma: $(HOME_DIR)/texfaq2html-gamma +$(CGI_BIN)/sanitize.pl: $(HOME_DIR)/sanitize.pl +$(CGI_BIN)/sanitize-beta.pl: $(HOME_DIR)/sanitize-beta.pl + +$(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-beta $(CGI_BIN)/texfaq2html-gamma $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize.pl $(CGI_BIN)/sanitize-beta.pl: + co -l $@ + cp -p $? $@ + ci -u -m"automatic check-in" $@ + +html: $(HTMLDIR)/index.html + +$(HTMLDIR)/index.html: $(BODY) newfaq.aux faqbody.tex + ./texfaq2file + +html-tar: html + tar czf FAQ-html.tar.gz $(HTMLDIREL)/ + +html-gamma: $(HTMLDIR_GAMMA)/index.html + +$(HTMLDIR_GAMMA)/index.html: $(BODY) newfaq.aux faqbody.tex + ./texfaq2file -2 -w + cp -p $(HTMLDIR_GAMMA)/* $(GAMMADIR)/ + +clean: + rm -f *.pdf *.dvi *.log *.bak *.toc *.out *.lab *.tpt *.png + rm -f *.aux html/*.html html_gamma/*.html htmltext/*.txt + rm -f pdf-newfaq*.tex comment.cut additions.tex aliasquestion.list + rm -f faqbody.tex FAQ-html.tar.gz diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/README new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f452b06e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/README @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + The UK TeX FAQ + +1. Origins and maintenance + +This FAQ was started as a committee effort by the UK TeX Users' Group. + +If you wish to offer help, or to comment on the content of the FAQ, +please mail faq-devel@tex.ac.uk + +2. Licence + +The source of the FAQ itself and its derived products (human-readable +versions presented as DVI, PostScript, Adobe Acrobat and HTML) are +placed in the public domain. + +You are permitted (nay, encouraged) to distribute the FAQ as widely as +you like. Please be careful to keep your copy of the FAQ up-to-date: +it's possible to mirror the FAQ's directory on CTAN, or to watch the +CTAN announcements mailing list (see the "answer" on mailing lists in +the FAQ itself). + +Further, you are urged to be very careful about modifying the FAQ: + +- the source and its relationship to the macros that support it, and + to the dubious Perl scripts that create HTML versions, is extremely + fragile; so changes are likely to be tricky to "get right" + +- there's a positive danger in publishing un-reviewed advice, + particularly if it claims to come from a usually reliable source. + +Therefore, if you do have changes to make, please consider submitting +them to faq-devel@tex.ac.uk at least in parallel with making changes +to your own copy. A statement that details what you've done, in your +copy of the FAQ, is particularly useful. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/archive.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/archive.cfg new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8b64957f06f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/archive.cfg @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +% this file is loaded by the {file,dir}ctan files to define the local +% preferred archive and directory compression format + +% +% the archive itself +\def\LocalCTAN{ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/} % could be anything + % out of CTAN.sites +% +% the format for use when retrieving directory hierarchies +\def\CTANDirFmt{.zip} % could be .(tar[.(Z|gz)]|tgz|zip) according to what + % the local archive is capable of and the users need + +\endinput diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/dirctan.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/dirctan.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f26f7ca6d70 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/dirctan.tex @@ -0,0 +1,974 @@ +% $Id: dirctan.tex,v 1.301 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% +% protect ourself against being read twice +\csname readCTANdirs\endcsname +\let\readCTANdirs\endinput +% +% declarations of significant directories on CTAN +\CTANdirectory{2etools}{macros/latex/required/tools}[tools] +\CTANdirectory{4spell}{support/4spell}[fourspell] +\CTANdirectory*{Catalogue}{help/Catalogue} +\CTANdirectory*{MathTeX}{support/mathtex}[mathtex] +\CTANdirectory{MimeTeX}{support/mimetex}[mimetex] +\CTANdirectory{Tabbing}{macros/latex/contrib/Tabbing}[tabbing] +\CTANdirectory*{TeXtelmExtel}{systems/msdos/emtex-contrib/TeXtelmExtel} +\CTANdirectory{TftI}{info/impatient}[impatient] +\CTANdirectory{a0poster}{macros/latex/contrib/a0poster}[a0poster] +\CTANdirectory*{a2ping}{graphics/a2ping}[a2ping] +\CTANdirectory{a4}{macros/latex/contrib/a4}[a4] +\CTANdirectory*{abc2mtex}{support/abc2mtex} +\CTANdirectory{abstract}{macros/latex/contrib/abstract}[abstract] +\CTANdirectory{abstyles}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/abstyles} +\CTANdirectory{accents}{support/accents} +\CTANdirectory{acronym}{macros/latex/contrib/acronym}[acronym] +\CTANdirectory*{ada}{web/ada/aweb} +\CTANdirectory{addindex}{indexing/addindex} +\CTANdirectory{addlines}{macros/latex/contrib/addlines}[addlines] +\CTANdirectory{adjkerns}{fonts/utilities/adjkerns} +\CTANdirectory{ae}{fonts/ae}[ae] +\CTANdirectory{aeguill}{macros/latex/contrib/aeguill}[aeguill] +\CTANdirectory{afmtopl}{fonts/utilities/afmtopl} +\CTANdirectory{akletter}{macros/latex/contrib/akletter} +\CTANdirectory{aleph}{systems/aleph} +\CTANdirectory{alg}{macros/latex/contrib/alg} +\CTANdirectory{algorithm2e}{macros/latex/contrib/algorithm2e}[algorithm2e] +\CTANdirectory{algorithmicx}{macros/latex/contrib/algorithmicx}[algorithmicx] +\CTANdirectory{algorithms}{macros/latex/contrib/algorithms}[algorithms] +\CTANdirectory*{alpha}{systems/mac/support/alpha}[alpha] +\CTANdirectory{amiga}{systems/amiga} +\CTANdirectory{amscls}{macros/latex/required/amslatex/amscls}[amscls] +\CTANdirectory{amsfonts}{fonts/amsfonts}[amsfonts] +\CTANdirectory{amslatex}{macros/latex/required/amslatex}[amslatex] +\CTANdirectory{amslatex-primer}{info/amslatex/primer}[amslatex-primer] +\CTANdirectory{amspell}{support/amspell} +\CTANdirectory{amsrefs}{macros/latex/contrib/amsrefs}[amsrefs] +\CTANdirectory{amstex}{macros/amstex}[amstex] +\CTANdirectory{anonchap}{macros/latex/contrib/anonchap}[anonchap] +\CTANdirectory{answers}{macros/latex/contrib/answers}[answers] +\CTANdirectory{ant}{systems/ant}[ant] +\CTANdirectory{apl}{fonts/apl} +\CTANdirectory{aplweb}{web/apl/aplweb} +\CTANdirectory{appl}{web/reduce/rweb/appl} +\CTANdirectory{appendix}{macros/latex/contrib/appendix}[appendix] +\CTANdirectory{arabtex}{language/arabic/arabtex} +\CTANdirectory{arara}{support/arara}[arara] +\CTANdirectory{armenian}{fonts/armenian} +\CTANdirectory{aro-bend}{info/challenges/aro-bend}[aro-bend] +\CTANdirectory{asana-math}{fonts/Asana-Math}[asana-math] +\CTANdirectory{asc2tex}{systems/msdos/asc2tex} +\CTANdirectory{ascii}{fonts/ascii} +\CTANdirectory*{aspell}{support/aspell}[aspell] +\CTANdirectory{astro}{fonts/astro} +\CTANdirectory{asymptote}{graphics/asymptote}[asymptote] +\CTANdirectory{asyfig}{macros/latex/contrib/asyfig}[asyfig] +\CTANdirectory{atari}{systems/atari} +\CTANdirectory*{atari-cstex}{systems/atari/cs-tex}[atari-cstex] +\CTANdirectory{attachfile}{macros/latex/contrib/attachfile} +\CTANdirectory*{auctex}{support/auctex}[auctex] +\CTANdirectory{autolatex}{support/autolatex} +\CTANdirectory{auto-pst-pdf}{macros/latex/contrib/auto-pst-pdf}[auto-pst-pdf] +\CTANdirectory{aweb}{web/ada/aweb} +\CTANdirectory*{awk}{web/spiderweb/src/awk} +\CTANdirectory{axodraw}{graphics/axodraw}[axodraw] +\CTANdirectory{babel}{macros/latex/required/babel}[babel] +\CTANdirectory{babelbib}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/babelbib}[babelbib] +\CTANdirectory{badge}{macros/plain/contrib/badge} +\CTANdirectory{bakoma}{fonts/cm/ps-type1/bakoma}[bakoma-fonts] +\CTANdirectory*{bakoma-tex}{systems/win32/bakoma}[bakoma] +\CTANdirectory*{bakoma-texfonts}{systems/win32/bakoma/fonts} +\CTANdirectory*{bard}{fonts/bard} +\CTANdirectory{barr}{macros/generic/diagrams/barr} +\CTANdirectory{bashkirian}{fonts/cyrillic/bashkirian} +\CTANdirectory{basix}{macros/generic/basix} +\CTANdirectory{bbding}{fonts/bbding} +\CTANdirectory{bbfig}{support/bbfig} +\CTANdirectory{bbm}{fonts/cm/bbm}[bbm] +\CTANdirectory{bbm-macros}{macros/latex/contrib/bbm}[bbm-macros] +\CTANdirectory{bbold}{fonts/bbold}[bbold] +\CTANdirectory{bdfchess}{fonts/chess/bdfchess} +\CTANdirectory{beamer}{macros/latex/contrib/beamer}[beamer] +\CTANdirectory{beamerposter}{macros/latex/contrib/beamerposter}[beamerposter] +\CTANdirectory{beebe}{dviware/beebe} +\CTANdirectory{beton}{macros/latex/contrib/beton}[beton] +\CTANdirectory{bezos}{macros/latex/contrib/bezos}[bezos] +\CTANdirectory{bib-fr}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/bib-fr} +\CTANdirectory{bib2dvi}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bib2dvi} +\CTANdirectory{bib2xhtml}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bib2xhtml} +\CTANdirectory*{bibcard}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibcard} +\CTANdirectory*{bibclean}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibclean} +\CTANdirectory*{bibdb}{support/bibdb} +\CTANdirectory{biber}{biblio/biber}[biber] +\CTANdirectory{bibextract}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibextract} +\CTANdirectory{bibgerm}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/germbib} +\CTANdirectory{bibindex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibindex} +\CTANdirectory{biblatex}{macros/latex/contrib/biblatex}[biblatex] +\CTANdirectory*{biblatex-contrib}{macros/latex/contrib/biblatex-contrib} +\CTANdirectory{biblio}{info/biblio} +\CTANdirectory{biblist}{macros/latex209/contrib/biblist} +\CTANdirectory{bibsort}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibsort} +\CTANdirectory{bibtex}{biblio/bibtex/base}[bibtex] +\CTANdirectory*{bibtex8}{biblio/bibtex/8-bit}[bibtex8bit] +\CTANdirectory{bibtex-doc}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc}[bibtex] +\CTANdirectory{bibtool}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibtool} +\CTANdirectory{bibtools}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibtools} +\CTANdirectory{bibtopic}{macros/latex/contrib/bibtopic}[bibtopic] +\CTANdirectory{bibunits}{macros/latex/contrib/bibunits}[bibunits] +\CTANdirectory{bibview}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibview} +\CTANdirectory{bigfoot}{macros/latex/contrib/bigfoot}[bigfoot] +\CTANdirectory{bigstrut}{macros/latex/contrib/multirow}[bigstrut] +\CTANdirectory{bit2spr}{graphics/bit2spr} +\CTANdirectory{black}{fonts/cm/utilityfonts/black} +\CTANdirectory{blackboard}{info/symbols/blackboard}[blackboard] +\CTANdirectory{blackletter}{fonts/blackletter} +\CTANdirectory{blindtext}{macros/latex/contrib/blindtext}[blindtext] +\CTANdirectory{blocks}{macros/text1/blocks} +\CTANdirectory{blu}{macros/blu} +\CTANdirectory{bm2font}{graphics/bm2font} +\CTANdirectory{boites}{macros/latex/contrib/boites}[boites] +\CTANdirectory{bold}{fonts/cm/mf-extra/bold} +\CTANdirectory{bold-extra}{macros/latex/contrib/bold-extra}[bold-extra] +\CTANdirectory{bonus}{systems/msdos/emtex-contrib/bonus} +\CTANdirectory{booktabs}{macros/latex/contrib/booktabs}[booktabs] +\CTANdirectory{borceux}{macros/generic/diagrams/borceux} +\CTANdirectory{braket}{macros/latex/contrib/braket}[braket] +\CTANdirectory{breakurl}{macros/latex/contrib/breakurl}[breakurl] +\CTANdirectory{bridge}{macros/plain/contrib/bridge} +\CTANdirectory{brief_t}{support/brief_t} +\CTANdirectory{bst}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/germbib/bst} +\CTANdirectory{btable}{macros/plain/contrib/btable} +\CTANdirectory{btex8fmt}{macros/generic/cptex/btex8fmt} +\CTANdirectory{btOOL}{biblio/bibtex/utils/btOOL} +\CTANdirectory{bundledoc}{support/bundledoc}[bundledoc] +\CTANdirectory{c}{web/spiderweb/src/c} +\CTANdirectory{c++}{web/spiderweb/src/c++} +\CTANdirectory{c++2latex}{support/C++2LaTeX-1_1pl1} +\CTANdirectory{c2cweb}{web/c_cpp/c2cweb} +\CTANdirectory{c2latex}{support/c2latex} +\CTANdirectory{c_cpp}{web/c_cpp} +\CTANdirectory{caesar-fonts-generic.dir}{macros/generic/caesarcm/caesar-fonts-generic.dir} +\CTANdirectory{caesarcm}{macros/generic/caesarcm} +\CTANdirectory{caesarcmfonts.dir}{macros/generic/caesarcm/caesarcmfonts.dir} +\CTANdirectory{caesarcmv2.dir}{macros/generic/caesarcm/caesarcmv2.dir} +\CTANdirectory{calendar}{macros/plain/contrib/calendar} +\CTANdirectory{calligra}{fonts/calligra} +\CTANdirectory{calrsfs}{macros/latex/contrib/calrsfs} +\CTANdirectory{cancel}{macros/latex/contrib/cancel}[cancel] +\CTANdirectory{capt-of}{macros/latex/contrib/capt-of}[capt-of] +\CTANdirectory{caption}{macros/latex/contrib/caption}[caption] +\CTANdirectory{carlisle}{macros/latex/contrib/carlisle}[carlisle] +\CTANdirectory{cascover}{macros/plain/contrib/cascover} +\CTANdirectory{casslbl}{macros/plain/contrib/casslbl} +\CTANdirectory{catdvi}{dviware/catdvi}[catdvi] +\CTANdirectory{ccaption}{macros/latex/contrib/ccaption}[ccaption] +\CTANdirectory{ccfonts}{macros/latex/contrib/ccfonts}[ccfonts] +\CTANdirectory{cellular}{macros/plain/contrib/cellular} +\CTANdirectory{cellspace}{macros/latex/contrib/cellspace}[cellspace] +\CTANdirectory{changebar}{macros/latex/contrib/changebar}[changebar] +\CTANdirectory{changepage}{macros/latex/contrib/changepage}[changepage] +\CTANdirectory{changes}{macros/latex/contrib/changes}[changes] +\CTANdirectory{chappg}{macros/latex/contrib/chappg}[chappg] +\CTANdirectory{chapterfolder}{macros/latex/contrib/chapterfolder}[chapterfolder] +\CTANdirectory{charconv}{support/charconv} +\CTANdirectory{charter}{fonts/charter} +\CTANdirectory{chbar}{macros/plain/contrib/chbar} +\CTANdirectory{chbars}{macros/latex209/contrib/chbars} +\CTANdirectory{check}{support/check} +\CTANdirectory{chemstruct}{macros/latex209/contrib/chemstruct} +\CTANdirectory{chemtex}{macros/latex209/contrib/chemtex} +\CTANdirectory{cheq}{fonts/chess/cheq} +\CTANdirectory{cherokee}{fonts/cherokee} +\CTANdirectory{chesstools}{support/chesstools} +\CTANdirectory{chi2tex}{support/chi2tex} +\CTANdirectory{china2e}{macros/latex/contrib/china2e} +\CTANdirectory{chinese}{language/chinese} +\CTANdirectory{chngcntr}{macros/latex/contrib/chngcntr}[chngcntr] +\CTANdirectory{circ}{macros/generic/diagrams/circ} +\CTANdirectory{circuit_macros}{graphics/circuit_macros} +\CTANdirectory{cirth}{fonts/cirth} +\CTANdirectory{cite}{macros/latex/contrib/cite}[cite] +\CTANdirectory{citeref}{macros/latex/contrib/citeref}[citeref] +\CTANdirectory{clark}{fonts/utilities/afmtopl/clark} +\CTANdirectory{classico}{fonts/urw/classico}[classico] +\CTANdirectory{clrscode}{macros/latex/contrib/clrscode}[clrscode] +\CTANdirectory{cm}{fonts/cm} +\CTANdirectory{cm-lgc}{fonts/ps-type1/cm-lgc}[cm-lgc] +\CTANdirectory{cm-super}{fonts/ps-type1/cm-super}[cm-super] +\CTANdirectory{cm-unicode}{fonts/cm-unicode}[cm-unicode] +\CTANdirectory{cmactex}{systems/mac/cmactex}[cmactex] +\CTANdirectory{cmap}{macros/latex/contrib/cmap} +\CTANdirectory{cmastro}{fonts/cmastro} +\CTANdirectory{cmbright}{fonts/cmbright}[cmbright] +\CTANdirectory{cmcyralt}{macros/latex/contrib/cmcyralt} +%[fonts/cmcyralt] +\CTANdirectory{cmfrak}{fonts/gothic/cmfrak} +\CTANdirectory{cmoefont}{fonts/cmoefont} +\CTANdirectory{cmolddig}{fonts/cmolddig} +\CTANdirectory{cmoutlines}{fonts/cm/cmoutlines}[cmoutlines] +\CTANdirectory{cmpica}{fonts/cmpica} +\CTANdirectory{cms_help_files}{macros/text1/cms_help_files} +\CTANdirectory{cmtest}{fonts/cm/cmtest} +\CTANdirectory{cnoweb}{web/c_cpp/cnoweb} +\CTANdirectory{collref}{macros/latex/contrib/collref} +\CTANdirectory{combine}{macros/latex/contrib/combine}[combine] +\CTANdirectory{commado}{macros/generic/commado}[commado] +\CTANdirectory{comment}{macros/latex/contrib/comment}[comment] +\CTANdirectory{committee}{fonts/unsupported/committee} +\CTANdirectory{comp-fonts-FAQ}{help/comp-fonts-FAQ} +\CTANdirectory{components-of-TeX}{info/components-of-TeX} +\CTANdirectory{compugraphics_8600}{macros/text1/compugraphics_8600} +\CTANdirectory{concmath}{macros/latex/contrib/concmath}[concmath] +\CTANdirectory{concmath-f}{fonts/concmath}[concmath-fonts] +\CTANdirectory{concrete}{fonts/concrete}[concrete] +\CTANdirectory{context}{macros/context}[context] +\CTANdirectory{cprotect}{macros/latex/contrib/cprotect}[cprotect] +\CTANdirectory{cptex}{macros/generic/cptex} +\CTANdirectory{crop}{macros/latex/contrib/crop}[crop] +\CTANdirectory*{crosstex}{biblio/crosstex}[crosstex] +\CTANdirectory{crosswrd}{macros/latex/contrib/crosswrd} +\CTANdirectory{crudetype}{dviware/crudetype}[crudetype] +\CTANdirectory{crw}{macros/plain/contrib/crw} +\CTANdirectory{cs-tex}{systems/atari/cs-tex} +\CTANdirectory{ctable}{macros/latex/contrib/ctable}[ctable] +\CTANdirectory{ctan}{help/ctan} +\CTANdirectory{cun}{fonts/cun} +\CTANdirectory{currfile}{macros/latex/contrib/currfile}[currfile] +\CTANdirectory{currvita}{macros/latex/contrib/currvita}[currvita] +\CTANdirectory{curve}{macros/latex/contrib/curve}[curve] +\CTANdirectory{curves}{macros/latex/contrib/curves} +\CTANdirectory{custom-bib}{macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib}[custom-bib] +\CTANdirectory{cutwin}{macros/latex/contrib/cutwin}[cutwin] +\CTANdirectory{cweb}{web/c_cpp/cweb} +\CTANdirectory{cweb-p}{web/c_cpp/cweb-p} +\CTANdirectory{cypriote}{fonts/cypriote} +\CTANdirectory{cyrillic}{language/cyrillic} +\CTANdirectory{cyrtug}{language/cyrtug} +\CTANdirectory{dante}{usergrps/dante} +\CTANdirectory{dante-faq}{help/de-tex-faq} +\CTANdirectory{databases}{biblio/bibtex/databases} +\CTANdirectory{datatool}{macros/latex/contrib/datatool}[datatool] +\CTANdirectory{datetime}{macros/latex/contrib/datetime} +\CTANdirectory{db2tex}{support/db2tex} +\CTANdirectory{dblfloatfix}{macros/latex/contrib/dblfloatfix}[dblfloatfix] +\CTANdirectory{dbtex}{support/dbtex} +\CTANdirectory{dc-latex}{language/hyphen-accent/dc-latex} +\CTANdirectory{dc-nfss}{language/hyphen-accent/dc-nfss} +\CTANdirectory{detex}{support/detex}[detex] +\CTANdirectory{devanagari}{language/devanagari} +\CTANdirectory{diagbox}{macros/latex/contrib/diagbox}[diagbox] +\CTANdirectory{diagrams}{macros/generic/diagrams} +\CTANdirectory{dijkstra}{web/spiderweb/src/dijkstra} +\CTANdirectory{dinbrief}{macros/latex/contrib/dinbrief} +\CTANdirectory{dingbat}{fonts/dingbat} +\CTANdirectory{djgpp}{systems/msdos/djgpp} +\CTANdirectory{dk-bib}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/dk-bib} +\CTANdirectory{dktools}{support/dktools}[dktools] +\CTANdirectory{dm-latex}{language/hyphen-accent/dm-latex} +\CTANdirectory{dm-plain}{language/hyphen-accent/dm-plain} +\CTANdirectory{doc2sty}{language/swedish/slatex/doc2sty} +\CTANdirectory{docmfp}{macros/latex/contrib/docmfp}[docmfp] +\CTANdirectory{docmute}{macros/latex/contrib/docmute}[docmute] +\CTANdirectory{docu}{support/makeprog/docu} +\CTANdirectory{document}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/germbib/document} +\CTANdirectory{dos-dc}{systems/msdos/dos-dc} +\CTANdirectory{dos-psfonts}{systems/msdos/emtex-fonts/psfonts} +\CTANdirectory{doublestroke}{fonts/doublestroke}[doublestroke] +\CTANdirectory{dowith}{macros/generic/dowith}[dowith] +\CTANdirectory{dpfloat}{macros/latex/contrib/dpfloat}[dpfloat] +\CTANdirectory{dpmigcc}{systems/msdos/dpmigcc} +\CTANdirectory{draftcopy}{macros/latex/contrib/draftcopy}[draftcopy] +\CTANdirectory{draftwatermark}{macros/latex/contrib/draftwatermark}[draftwatermark] +\CTANdirectory{dratex}{graphics/dratex}[dratex] +\CTANdirectory{drawing}{graphics/drawing} +\CTANdirectory{dropcaps}{macros/latex209/contrib/dropcaps} +\CTANdirectory{dropping}{macros/latex/contrib/dropping}[dropping] +\CTANdirectory{dtl}{dviware/dtl}[dtl] +\CTANdirectory{dtxtut}{info/dtxtut}[dtxtut] +\CTANdirectory{duerer}{fonts/duerer} +\CTANdirectory{dvgt}{dviware/dvgt} +\CTANdirectory{dvi-augsburg}{dviware/dvi-augsburg} +\CTANdirectory{dvi2bitmap}{dviware/dvi2bitmap}[dvi2bitmap] +\CTANdirectory{dvi2pcl}{dviware/dvi2pcl} +\CTANdirectory{dvi2tty}{dviware/dvi2tty}[dvi2tty] +\CTANdirectory{dviasm}{dviware/dviasm}[dviasm] +\CTANdirectory{dvibit}{dviware/dvibit} +\CTANdirectory{dvibook}{dviware/dvibook} +\CTANdirectory{dvichk}{dviware/dvichk} +\CTANdirectory{dvicopy}{dviware/dvicopy} +\CTANdirectory{dvidjc}{dviware/dvidjc} +\CTANdirectory{dvidvi}{dviware/dvidvi} +\CTANdirectory{dviimp}{dviware/dviimp} +\CTANdirectory{dviljk}{dviware/dviljk} +\CTANdirectory{dvimerge}{dviware/dvimerge} +\CTANdirectory{dvimfj}{systems/msdos/emtex-contrib/dvimfj} +\CTANdirectory{dvipage}{dviware/dvipage} +\CTANdirectory{dvipaste}{dviware/dvipaste} +\CTANdirectory{dvipdfm}{dviware/dvipdfm} +\CTANdirectory{dvipdfmx}{dviware/dvipdfmx}[dvipdfmx] +\CTANdirectory{dvipj}{dviware/dvipj} +\CTANdirectory{dvipng}{dviware/dvipng}[dvipng] +\CTANdirectory{dvips-pc}{systems/msdos/dviware/dvips} +\CTANdirectory{dvips}{dviware/dvips}[dvips] +\CTANdirectory{dvistd}{dviware/driv-standard} +\CTANdirectory{dvisun}{dviware/dvisun} +\CTANdirectory{dvitty}{dviware/dvitty} +\CTANdirectory{dvivga}{dviware/dvivga} +\CTANdirectory{e4t}{systems/msdos/e4t} +\CTANdirectory*{e-TeX}{systems/e-tex} +\CTANdirectory{easytex}{systems/msdos/easytex} +\CTANdirectory{ebib}{biblio/bibtex/utils/ebib} +\CTANdirectory{ec}{fonts/ec}[ec] +\CTANdirectory{ec-plain}{macros/ec-plain}[ec-plain] +\CTANdirectory{eco}{fonts/eco}[eco] +\CTANdirectory{economic}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/economic} +\CTANdirectory{edmac}{macros/plain/contrib/edmac}[edmac] +\CTANdirectory{ednotes}{macros/latex/contrib/ednotes}[ednotes] +\CTANdirectory{eepic}{macros/latex/contrib/eepic}[eepic] +\CTANdirectory{ega2mf}{fonts/utilities/ega2mf} +\CTANdirectory{egplot}{macros/latex/contrib/egplot}[egplot] +\CTANdirectory{eiad}{fonts/eiad} +\CTANdirectory{elvish}{fonts/elvish} +\CTANdirectory{elwell}{fonts/utilities/afmtopl/elwell} +\CTANdirectory{emp}{macros/latex/contrib/emp}[emp] +\CTANdirectory{emptypage}{macros/latex/contrib/emptypage}[emptypage] +\CTANdirectory{emt2tex}{systems/msdos/emtex-contrib/emt2tex} +\CTANdirectory{emtex}{systems/msdos/emtex} +\CTANdirectory{emtex-contrib}{systems/msdos/emtex-contrib} +\CTANdirectory{emtex-fonts}{systems/msdos/emtex-fonts} +\CTANdirectory{emtextds}{obsolete/systems/os2/emtex-contrib/emtexTDS} +\CTANdirectory{enctex}{systems/enctex}[enctex] +\CTANdirectory{endfloat}{macros/latex/contrib/endfloat}[endfloat] +\CTANdirectory{english}{language/english} +\CTANdirectory{engwar}{fonts/engwar} +\CTANdirectory{enumitem}{macros/latex/contrib/enumitem}[enumitem] +\CTANdirectory{environment}{support/lsedit/environment} +\CTANdirectory{epic}{macros/latex/contrib/epic}[epic] +\CTANdirectory{epigraph}{macros/latex/contrib/epigraph}[epigraph] +\CTANdirectory{eplain}{macros/eplain}[eplain] +\CTANdirectory{epmtex}{systems/os2/epmtex} +\CTANdirectory{epslatex}{info/epslatex}[epslatex] +\CTANdirectory*{epstopdf}{support/epstopdf}[epstopdf] +\CTANdirectory{eqparbox}{macros/latex/contrib/eqparbox}[eqparbox] +\CTANdirectory{ergotex}{systems/msdos/ergotex} +\CTANdirectory{errata}{systems/knuth/dist/errata} +\CTANdirectory{eso-pic}{macros/latex/contrib/eso-pic}[eso-pic] +\CTANdirectory{et}{support/et} +\CTANdirectory{etex}{systems/e-tex}[etex] +\CTANdirectory{etex-pkg}{macros/latex/contrib/etex-pkg}[etex-pkg] +\CTANdirectory{etextools}{macros/latex/contrib/etextools}[etextools] +\CTANdirectory{ethiopia}{language/ethiopia} +\CTANdirectory{ethtex}{language/ethiopia/ethtex} +\CTANdirectory{etoc}{macros/latex/contrib/etoc}[etoc] +\CTANdirectory{etoolbox}{macros/latex/contrib/etoolbox}[etoolbox] +\CTANdirectory{euler-latex}{macros/latex/contrib/euler}[euler] +\CTANdirectory{eulervm}{fonts/eulervm}[eulervm] +\CTANdirectory{euro-ce}{fonts/euro-ce}[euro-ce] +\CTANdirectory{euro-fonts}{fonts/euro} +\CTANdirectory{eurofont}{macros/latex/contrib/eurofont}[eurofont] +\CTANdirectory{europecv}{macros/latex/contrib/europecv}[europecv] +\CTANdirectory{eurosym}{fonts/eurosym}[eurosym] +\CTANdirectory{everypage}{macros/latex/contrib/everypage}[everypage] +\CTANdirectory{excalibur}{systems/mac/support/excalibur} +\CTANdirectory{excel2latex}{support/excel2latex} +\CTANdirectory{excerpt}{web/spiderweb/tools/excerpt} +\CTANdirectory{excludeonly}{macros/latex/contrib/excludeonly}[excludeonly] +\CTANdirectory{expdlist}{macros/latex/contrib/expdlist} +\CTANdirectory{extract}{macros/latex/contrib/extract}[extract] +\CTANdirectory{extsizes}{macros/latex/contrib/extsizes}[extsizes] +% cat links to here +\CTANdirectory{fancyhdr}{macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr}[fancyhdr] +\CTANdirectory{fancyvrb}{macros/latex/contrib/fancyvrb}[fancyvrb] +\CTANdirectory{faq}{help/uk-tex-faq}[uk-tex-faq] +\CTANdirectory{fc}{fonts/jknappen/fc} +\CTANdirectory{fdsymbol}{fonts/fdsymbol}[fdsymbol] +\CTANdirectory{feyn}{fonts/feyn} +\CTANdirectory{feynman}{macros/latex209/contrib/feynman} +\CTANdirectory{feynmf}{macros/latex/contrib/feynmf}[feynmf] +\CTANdirectory{fig2eng}{graphics/fig2eng} +\CTANdirectory{fig2mf}{graphics/fig2mf} +\CTANdirectory{fig2mfpic}{graphics/fig2mfpic} +\CTANdirectory{figflow}{macros/plain/contrib/figflow}[figflow] +\CTANdirectory{filehook}{macros/latex/contrib/filehook}[filehook] +\CTANdirectory{fink}{macros/latex/contrib/fink}[fink] +\CTANdirectory{first-latex-doc}{info/first-latex-doc} +\CTANdirectory{fix2col}{macros/latex/contrib/fix2col}[fix2col] +\CTANdirectory{fixfoot}{macros/latex/contrib/fixfoot}[fixfoot] +\CTANdirectory{float}{macros/latex/contrib/float}[float] +\CTANdirectory{floatflt}{macros/latex/contrib/floatflt}[floatflt] +\CTANdirectory{flow}{support/flow} +\CTANdirectory{flowfram}{macros/latex/contrib/flowfram}[flowfram] +\CTANdirectory{fltpage}{macros/latex/contrib/fltpage}[fltpage] +\CTANdirectory{fnbreak}{macros/latex/contrib/fnbreak}[fnbreak] +\CTANdirectory{fncychap}{macros/latex/contrib/fncychap}[fncychap] +\CTANdirectory{fncylab}{macros/latex/contrib/fncylab} +\CTANdirectory{foiltex}{macros/latex/contrib/foiltex}[foiltex] +\CTANdirectory{font-change}{macros/plain/contrib/font-change}[font-change] +\CTANdirectory{fontch}{macros/plain/contrib/fontch}[fontch] +\CTANdirectory{fontinst}{fonts/utilities/fontinst}[fontinst] +\CTANdirectory{fontname}{info/fontname}[fontname] +\CTANdirectory{fontspec}{macros/latex/contrib/fontspec}[fontspec] +\CTANdirectory{font_selection}{macros/plain/contrib/font_selection}[font-selection] +\CTANdirectory{footbib}{macros/latex/contrib/footbib}[footbib] +\CTANdirectory{footmisc}{macros/latex/contrib/footmisc}[footmisc] +\CTANdirectory{footnpag}{macros/latex/contrib/footnpag}[footnpag] +\CTANdirectory{forarray}{macros/latex/contrib/forarray}[forarray] +\CTANdirectory{forloop}{macros/latex/contrib/forloop}[forloop] +\CTANdirectory{for_tex}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/germbib/for_tex} +\CTANdirectory{fourier}{fonts/fourier-GUT}[fourier] +\CTANdirectory{fouriernc}{fonts/fouriernc}[fouriernc] +\CTANdirectory{framed}{macros/latex/contrib/framed}[framed] +\CTANdirectory{frankenstein}{macros/latex/contrib/frankenstein}[frankenstein] +\CTANdirectory{french-faq}{help/LaTeX-FAQ-francaise} +\CTANdirectory{funnelweb}{web/funnelweb} +\CTANdirectory{futhark}{fonts/futhark} +\CTANdirectory{futhorc}{fonts/futhorc} +\CTANdirectory{fweb}{web/fweb}[fweb] +\CTANdirectory{garamondx}{fonts/garamondx}[garamondx] +\CTANdirectory{gellmu}{support/gellmu}[gellmu] +\CTANdirectory{genfam}{support/genfam} +\CTANdirectory{geometry}{macros/latex/contrib/geometry}[geometry] +\CTANdirectory{germbib}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/germbib} +\CTANdirectory{getoptk}{macros/plain/contrib/getoptk}[getoptk] +\CTANdirectory{gfs}{info/examples/FirstSteps} % gratzer's +\CTANdirectory*{ghostscript}{support/ghostscript/GPL}[ghostscript-GPL] +\CTANdirectory{gitinfo}{macros/latex/contrib/gitinfo}[gitinfo] +\CTANdirectory{glo+idxtex}{indexing/glo+idxtex}[idxtex] +\CTANdirectory{gmp}{macros/latex/contrib/gmp}[gmp] +\CTANdirectory{gnuplot}{graphics/gnuplot} +\CTANdirectory{go}{fonts/go} +\CTANdirectory{gothic}{fonts/gothic} +\CTANdirectory{graphbase}{support/graphbase} +\CTANdirectory{graphics}{macros/latex/required/graphics}[graphics] +\CTANdirectory{graphics-plain}{macros/plain/graphics}[graphics-pln] +\CTANdirectory{graphicx-psmin}{macros/latex/contrib/graphicx-psmin}[graphicx-psmin] +\CTANdirectory{gray}{fonts/cm/utilityfonts/gray} +\CTANdirectory{greek}{fonts/greek} +\CTANdirectory{greektex}{fonts/greek/greektex} +\CTANdirectory{gsftopk}{fonts/utilities/gsftopk}[gsftopk] +\CTANdirectory*{gsview}{support/ghostscript/ghostgum}[gsview] +\CTANdirectory{gut}{usergrps/gut} +\CTANdirectory*{gv}{support/gv}[gv] +\CTANdirectory{ha-prosper}{macros/latex/contrib/ha-prosper}[ha-prosper] +\CTANdirectory{half}{fonts/cm/utilityfonts/half} +\CTANdirectory{halftone}{fonts/halftone} +\CTANdirectory{hands}{fonts/hands} +\CTANdirectory{harvard}{macros/latex/contrib/harvard} +\CTANdirectory{harvmac}{macros/plain/contrib/harvmac} +\CTANdirectory{hebrew}{language/hebrew} +\CTANdirectory{help}{help} +\CTANdirectory{here}{macros/latex/contrib/here}[here] +\CTANdirectory{hershey}{fonts/hershey} +\CTANdirectory{hfbright}{fonts/ps-type1/hfbright}[hfbright] +\CTANdirectory{hge}{fonts/hge} +\CTANdirectory{hieroglyph}{fonts/hieroglyph} +\CTANdirectory{highlight}{support/highlight} +\CTANdirectory{histyle}{macros/plain/contrib/histyle} +\CTANdirectory{hp2pl}{support/hp2pl} +\CTANdirectory{hp2xx}{support/hp2xx} +\CTANdirectory{hpgl2ps}{graphics/hpgl2ps} +\CTANdirectory{hptex}{macros/hptex} +\CTANdirectory{hptomf}{support/hptomf} +\CTANdirectory{html2latex}{support/html2latex}[html2latex] +\CTANdirectory{htmlhelp}{info/htmlhelp} +\CTANdirectory{hvfloat}{macros/latex/contrib/hvfloat}[hvfloat] +\CTANdirectory{hvmath}{fonts/micropress/hvmath}[hvmath-fonts] +\CTANdirectory{hyacc-cm}{macros/generic/hyacc-cm} +\CTANdirectory{hyper}{macros/latex/contrib/hyper} +\CTANdirectory{hyperbibtex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/hyperbibtex} +\CTANdirectory{hypernat}{macros/latex/contrib/hypernat}[hypernat] +\CTANdirectory{hyperref}{macros/latex/contrib/hyperref}[hyperref] +\CTANdirectory{hyphen-accent}{language/hyphen-accent} +\CTANdirectory{hyphenat}{macros/latex/contrib/hyphenat}[hyphenat] +\CTANdirectory{hyphenation}{language/hyphenation} +\CTANdirectory{ibygrk}{fonts/greek/ibygrk} +\CTANdirectory{iching}{fonts/iching} +\CTANdirectory{icons}{support/icons} +\CTANdirectory{ifmtarg}{macros/latex/contrib/ifmtarg}[ifmtarg] +\CTANdirectory{ifmslide}{macros/latex/contrib/ifmslide}[ifmslide] +\CTANdirectory{ifoddpage}{macros/latex/contrib/ifoddpage}[ifoddpage] +\CTANdirectory{ifxetex}{macros/generic/ifxetex}[ifxetex] +\CTANdirectory{imakeidx}{macros/latex/contrib/imakeidx}[imakeidx] +\CTANdirectory{imaketex}{support/imaketex} +\CTANdirectory{impact}{web/systems/mac/impact} +\CTANdirectory{import}{macros/latex/contrib/import}[import] +\CTANdirectory{index}{macros/latex/contrib/index}[index] +\CTANdirectory{indian}{language/indian} +\CTANdirectory{infpic}{macros/generic/infpic} +\CTANdirectory{inlinebib}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/inlinebib} +\CTANdirectory{inrsdoc}{macros/inrstex/inrsdoc} +\CTANdirectory{inrsinputs}{macros/inrstex/inrsinputs} +\CTANdirectory{inrstex}{macros/inrstex} +\CTANdirectory{isi2bibtex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/isi2bibtex}[isi2bibtex] +\CTANdirectory{iso-tex}{support/iso-tex} +\CTANdirectory{isodoc}{macros/latex/contrib/isodoc}[isodoc] +\CTANdirectory{ite}{support/ite}[ite] +\CTANdirectory{ivd2dvi}{dviware/ivd2dvi} +\CTANdirectory{jadetex}{macros/jadetex} +\CTANdirectory{jemtex2}{systems/msdos/jemtex2} +\CTANdirectory{jknappen-macros}{macros/latex/contrib/jknappen} +\CTANdirectory{jpeg2ps}{support/jpeg2ps}[jpeg2ps] +\CTANdirectory{jspell}{support/jspell}[jspell] +\CTANdirectory{jurabib}{macros/latex/contrib/jurabib}[jurabib] +\CTANdirectory{kamal}{support/kamal} +\CTANdirectory{kane}{dviware/kane} +\CTANdirectory{karta}{fonts/karta} +\CTANdirectory{kd}{fonts/greek/kd} +\CTANdirectory{kelem}{web/spiderweb/src/kelem} +\CTANdirectory{kelly}{fonts/greek/kelly} +\CTANdirectory{klinz}{fonts/klinz} +\CTANdirectory{knit}{web/knit} +\CTANdirectory{knot}{fonts/knot} +\CTANdirectory{knuth}{systems/knuth} +\CTANdirectory{knuth-dist}{systems/knuth/dist}[knuth-dist] +\CTANdirectory{koma-script}{macros/latex/contrib/koma-script}[koma-script] +\CTANdirectory{korean}{fonts/korean} +\CTANdirectory{kpfonts}{fonts/kpfonts}[kpfonts] +\CTANdirectory{kyocera}{dviware/kyocera} +\CTANdirectory{l2a}{support/l2a}[l2a] +\CTANdirectory{l2sl}{language/swedish/slatex/l2sl} +\CTANdirectory*{l2tabu}{info/l2tabu} +\CTANdirectory{l2x}{support/l2x} +\CTANdirectory{la}{fonts/la} +\CTANdirectory{laan}{macros/generic/laan} +\CTANdirectory{laansort}{macros/generic/laansort} +\CTANdirectory{labelcas}{macros/latex/contrib/labelcas}[labelcas] +\CTANdirectory{labels}{macros/latex/contrib/labels} +\CTANdirectory{labtex}{macros/generic/labtex} +\CTANdirectory{lacheck}{support/lacheck}[lacheck] +\CTANdirectory{lametex}{support/lametex} +\CTANdirectory{lamstex}{macros/lamstex} +\CTANdirectory{lastpage}{macros/latex/contrib/lastpage}[lastpage] +\CTANdirectory{latex}{macros/latex/base} +\CTANdirectory{latex-course}{info/latex-course}[latex-course] +\CTANdirectory{latex-essential}{info/latex-essential} +\CTANdirectory{latex2e-help-texinfo}{info/latex2e-help-texinfo}[latex2e-help-texinfo] +\CTANdirectory{latex4jed}{support/jed}[latex4jed] +\CTANdirectory*{latex-tds}{macros/latex/contrib/latex-tds}[latex-tds] +\CTANdirectory*{latex2html}{support/latex2html}[latex2html] +\CTANdirectory{latex2rtf}{support/latex2rtf} +\CTANdirectory{latexdiff}{support/latexdiff}[latexdiff] +\CTANdirectory{latexdoc}{macros/latex/doc}[latex-doc] +\CTANdirectory{latexhlp}{systems/atari/latexhlp} +\CTANdirectory{latexmake}{support/latexmake}[latexmake] +\CTANdirectory{latex-make}{support/latex-make}[latex-make] +\CTANdirectory{latex_maker}{support/latex_maker}[mk] +\CTANdirectory{latexmk}{support/latexmk}[latexmk] +\CTANdirectory{lecturer}{macros/generic/lecturer}[lecturer] +\CTANdirectory{ledmac}{macros/latex/contrib/ledmac}[ledmac] +\CTANdirectory{lettrine}{macros/latex/contrib/lettrine}[lettrine] +\CTANdirectory{levy}{fonts/greek/levy} +\CTANdirectory{lextex}{macros/plain/contrib/lextex} +\CTANdirectory{lgc}{info/examples/lgc} +\CTANdirectory{lgrind}{support/lgrind}[lgrind] +\CTANdirectory{libertine}{fonts/libertine}[libertine] +\CTANdirectory{libgreek}{macros/latex/contrib/libgreek}[libgreek] +\CTANdirectory{lineno}{macros/latex/contrib/lineno}[lineno] +\CTANdirectory{lipsum}{macros/latex/contrib/lipsum}[lipsum] +\CTANdirectory{listbib}{macros/latex/contrib/listbib}[listbib] +\CTANdirectory{listings}{macros/latex/contrib/listings}[listings] +\CTANdirectory{lm}{fonts/lm}[lm] +\CTANdirectory{lm-math}{fonts/lm-math}[lm-math] +\CTANdirectory{lookbibtex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/lookbibtex} +\CTANdirectory{lpic}{macros/latex/contrib/lpic}[lpic] +\CTANdirectory{lsedit}{support/lsedit} +\CTANdirectory{lshort}{info/lshort/english}[lshort-english] +\CTANdirectory*{lshort-parent}{info/lshort}[lshort] +\CTANdirectory{ltx3pub}{info/ltx3pub}[ltx3pub] +\CTANdirectory{ltxindex}{macros/latex/contrib/ltxindex}[ltxindex] +\CTANdirectory{luatex}{systems/luatex}[luatex] +\CTANdirectory{lucida}{fonts/psfonts/bh/lucida}[lucida] +\CTANdirectory{lucida-psnfss}{macros/latex/contrib/psnfssx/lucidabr}[psnfssx-luc] +\CTANdirectory{luximono}{fonts/LuxiMono}[luximono] +\CTANdirectory{lwc}{info/examples/lwc} +\CTANdirectory{ly1}{fonts/psfonts/ly1}[ly1] +\CTANdirectory*{mactex}{systems/mac/mactex}[mactex] +\CTANdirectory{macros2e}{info/macros2e}[macros2e] +\CTANdirectory{mactotex}{graphics/mactotex} +\CTANdirectory{mailing}{macros/latex/contrib/mailing} +\CTANdirectory{make_latex}{support/make_latex}[make-latex] +\CTANdirectory{makeafm.dir}{fonts/utilities/t1tools/makeafm.dir} +\CTANdirectory{makecell}{macros/latex/contrib/makecell}[makecell] +\CTANdirectory{makedtx}{support/makedtx}[makedtx] +\CTANdirectory{makeindex}{indexing/makeindex}[makeindex] +\CTANdirectory{makeinfo}{macros/texinfo/texinfo/makeinfo} +\CTANdirectory{makeprog}{support/makeprog} +\CTANdirectory{maketexwork}{info/maketexwork} +\CTANdirectory{malayalam}{language/malayalam} +\CTANdirectory{malvern}{fonts/malvern} +\CTANdirectory{mapleweb}{web/maple/mapleweb} +\CTANdirectory{marvosym-fonts}{fonts/marvosym} +\CTANdirectory{mathabx}{fonts/mathabx}[mathabx] +\CTANdirectory{mathabx-type1}{fonts/ps-type1/mathabx}[mathabx-type1] +\CTANdirectory{mathastext}{macros/latex/contrib/mathastext}[mathastext] +\CTANdirectory*{mathdesign}{fonts/mathdesign}[mathdesign] +\CTANdirectory{mathdots}{macros/generic/mathdots} +\CTANdirectory{mathematica}{macros/mathematica} +\CTANdirectory{mathpazo}{fonts/mathpazo}[mathpazo] +\CTANdirectory{mathsci2bibtex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/mathsci2bibtex} +\CTANdirectory{mathspic}{graphics/mathspic}[mathspic] +\CTANdirectory{mcite}{macros/latex/contrib/mcite}[mcite] +\CTANdirectory{mciteplus}{macros/latex/contrib/mciteplus}[mciteplus] +\CTANdirectory{mdframed}{macros/latex/contrib/mdframed}[mdframed] +\CTANdirectory{mdsymbol}{fonts/mdsymbol}[mdsymbol] +\CTANdirectory{mdwtools}{macros/latex/contrib/mdwtools}[mdwtools] +\CTANdirectory{memdesign}{info/memdesign}[memdesign] +\CTANdirectory{memoir}{macros/latex/contrib/memoir}[memoir] +\CTANdirectory{messtex}{support/messtex} +\CTANdirectory{metalogo}{macros/latex/contrib/metalogo}[metalogo] +\CTANdirectory{metapost}{graphics/metapost} +\CTANdirectory{metatype1}{fonts/utilities/metatype1}[metatype1] +\CTANdirectory{mf2ps}{fonts/utilities/mf2ps} +\CTANdirectory{mf2pt1}{support/mf2pt1}[mf2pt1] +\CTANdirectory{mf_optimized_kerning}{fonts/cm/mf_optimized_kerning} +\CTANdirectory{mfbook}{fonts/cm/utilityfonts/mfbook} +\CTANdirectory{mff-29}{fonts/utilities/mff-29} +\CTANdirectory{mffiles}{language/telugu/mffiles} +\CTANdirectory{mflogo}{macros/latex/contrib/mflogo}[mflogo] +\CTANdirectory{mfnfss}{macros/latex/contrib/mfnfss} +\CTANdirectory{mfpic}{graphics/mfpic} +\CTANdirectory{mfware}{systems/knuth/dist/mfware} +\CTANdirectory{mh}{macros/latex/contrib/mh}[mh] +\CTANdirectory{miktex}{systems/win32/miktex}[miktex] +\CTANdirectory{microtype}{macros/latex/contrib/microtype}[microtype] +\CTANdirectory{midi2tex}{support/midi2tex} +\CTANdirectory{midnight}{macros/generic/midnight} +\CTANdirectory{minionpro}{fonts/minionpro}[minionpro] +\CTANdirectory{minitoc}{macros/latex/contrib/minitoc}[minitoc] +\CTANdirectory{minted}{macros/latex/contrib/minted}[minted] +\CTANdirectory{mkjobtexmf}{support/mkjobtexmf}[mkjobtexmf] +\CTANdirectory{mma2ltx}{graphics/mma2ltx} +\CTANdirectory{mnsymbol}{fonts/mnsymbol}[mnsymbol] +\CTANdirectory{mnu}{support/mnu} +\CTANdirectory{models}{macros/text1/models} 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+\Question[Q-replstdcls]{Replacing the standard classes} + +People are forever concocting classes that replace the standard ones: +the present author produced an \Class{ukart} class that used the +\Package{sober} package, and a few British-specific things (such as +appear in the \Package{babel} package's British-english +specialisation) in the 1980s, which is still occasionally used. + +Similar public efforts were available well back in the days of +\LaTeXo{}: a notable example, whose pleasing designs seem not to have +changed much over all that time, is the \Class{ntgclass} bundle. +Each of the standard classes is replaced by a selection of classes, +named in Dutch, sometimes with a single numeric digit attached. So we +have classes \Class{artikel2}, \Class{rapport1}, \Class{boek3} and +\Class{brief}. These classes are moderately well documented in +English. + +The \Class{KOMA-script} bundle (classes named \Class{scr...}) are a +strong current contender. They are actively supported and are subject +to sensitive development; they are comprehensive in their coverage of +significant typesetting issues; they produce good-looking output and +they are well documented in both English (\Package{scrguien} in the +distribution) and German (\Package{scrguide} in the distribution). + +The other comparable class is \Class{memoir}. This aims to replace +\Class{book} and \Class{report} classes directly, and (like +\Class{KOMA-script}) is comprehensive in its coverage of small issues. +\Class{Memoir}'s documentation (\Package{memman}) is very highly +spoken of, and its lengthy introductory section is regularly +recommended as a tutorial on typesetting. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA-script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}NTGclass bundle]\CTANref{ntgclass} +\item[sober.sty]\CTANref{sober} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-slidecls]{Producing presentations (including slides)} + +Lamport's original \LaTeX{} had a separate program (Sli\TeX{}) for +producing slides; it dates from the age when colour effects were +produced by printing separate slides in different-coloured inks, and +overlaying them, and was just about acceptable back then. When +\LaTeXe{} came along, the reason Sli\TeX{} had to be a separate +program went away, and its functionality was supplied by the +\Class{slides} class. While this makes life a little easier for +system administrators, it does nothing for the inferior functionality +of the class: no-one who ``knows'' uses \Class{slides} nowadays. + +The `classic' alternatives have been \Class{seminar} and \Class{foils} +(originally known as Foil\TeX{}). Both were originally designed to +produce output on acetate foils, though subsequent work has provided +environments in which they can be used with screen projectors (see +below). + +The advent of Microsoft \ProgName{PowerPoint} (feeble though early +versions of it were) has created a demand for ``dynamic'' slides~--- +images that develop their content in a more elaborate fashion than by +merely replacing one foil with the next in the way that was the norm +when \Class{slides}, \Class{foils} and \Class{seminar} were designed. + +The \Class{prosper} class builds on \Class{seminar} to provide dynamic +effects and the like; it retains the ability to provide \acro{PDF} for +a projected presentation, or to print foils for a foil-based +presentation. The add-on package \Package{ppr-prv} adds ``preview'' +facilities (that which is commonly called ``hand-out printing''). The +\Package{HA-prosper} package, which you load with \Class{prosper}, +mends a few bugs, and adds several facilities and slide design styles. +The (more recent) \Class{powerdot} class is designed as a +replacement for \Class{prosper} and \Package{HA-prosper}, co-authored +by the author of \Package{HA-prosper}. + +\Class{Beamer} is a relatively easy-to-learn, yet powerful, class that +(as its name implies) was designed for use with projection displays. +It needs the \Package{pgf} package (for graphics support), which in +turn requires \Package{xcolor}; while this adds to the tedium of +installing \Class{beamer} ``from scratch'', both are good additions to +a modern \LaTeX{} installation. \Class{Beamer} has reasonable +facilities for producing printed copies of slides. + +\Class{Talk} is another highly functional, yet easy-to-learn class +which claims to differ from the systems mentioned above, such as +\Class{beamer}, in that it doesn't impose a slide style on you. You +get to specify a bunch of slide styles, and you can switch from one to +the other between slides, as you need. (The class itself provides +just the one style, in the package \Package{greybars}: the author +hopes users will contribute their own styles, based on +\Package{greybars}.) + +\Package{Lecturer} is a \emph{generic} solution (it works with +\plaintex{}, \latex{} and \context{}~mk~ii, but not~--- yet~--- with +\context{}~mk iv). By separating the functionality needed for a +presentation (using \tex{} for typesetting, and \acro{PDF} functions +for layering and dynamic effects) a clear structure emerges. While it +doesn't have the range of ``themes'' (presentation styles) of +\Class{beamer} it seems a useful alternative candidate. + +\Package{Present} is designed for use with \plaintex{} only; its +design is simple, to the extent that its author hopes that users will +themselves be able to tune its macros. + +\ProgName{Ppower4} (commonly known as \ProgName{pp4}) is a +\ProgName{Java}-based support program that will postprocess +\acro{PDF}, to `animate' the file at places you've marked with +commands from one of the \ProgName{pp4} packages. The commands don't +work on \acro{PDF} that has come from \ProgName{dvips} output; they +work with \acro{PDF} generated by \PDFLaTeX{}, V\TeX{} \LaTeX{}, or +\ProgName{dvipdfm} running on \LaTeX{} output. + +\Package{Pdfscreen} and \Package{texpower} are add-on packages that +permit dynamic effects in documents formatted in ``more modest'' +classes; \Package{pdfscreen} will even allow you to plug +``presentation effects'' into an \Class{article}-class document. + +% ifmslide +%\noindent ifmslide: a few slides extolling virtues in \File{doc/ifmman.pdf} + +A more detailed examination of the alternatives (including examples +of code using many of them) may be found at Michael Wiedmann's fine +\URL{http://www.miwie.org/presentations/presentations.html} + +\CONTeXT{} users will find that much (if not all) of what they need is +already in \CONTeXT{} itself; there's a useful summary of what's +available, with examples, in +\URL{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Presentation_Styles} +% +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[beamer.cls]Download all of \CTANref{beamer} +\item[foils.cls]\CTANref{foiltex} +\item[greybars.sty]distributed with \CTANref{talk} +\item[HA-prosper.sty]\CTANref{ha-prosper} +%\item[ifmslide.sty]\CTANref{ifmslide} +\item[lecturer.sty]\CTANref{lecturer} +\item[seminar.cls]\CTANref{seminar} +\item[pdfscreen.sty]\CTANref{pdfscreen} +\item[pgf.sty]\CTANref{pgf} +\item[powerdot.cls]\CTANref{powerdot} +\item[pp4]\CTANref{ppower4} +\item[ppr-prv.sty]\CTANref{ppr-prv} +\item[present.tex]\CTANref{present} +\item[prosper.cls]\CTANref{prosper} +\item[talk.cls]\CTANref{talk} +\item[texpower]\CTANref{texpower} +\item[xcolor.sty]\CTANref{xcolor} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-poster]{Creating posters with \LaTeX{}} + +There is no complete ``canned solution'' to creating a poster (as, for +example, classes like \Class{seminar}, \Class{powerdot} and +\Class{beamer} serve for creating presentations in a variety of +styles). + +The nearest approach to the complete solution is the \Class{sciposter} +class, which provides the means to produce really rather good posters +according to the author's required style. A complete worked example +is provided with the distribution + +Otherwise, there is a range of tools, most of which are based on the +\Class{a0poster} class, which sets up an appropriately-sized piece of +paper, sets font sizes appropriately, and leaves you to your own +devices. + +Having used \Class{a0poster}, you can of course slog it out, and write +all your poster as an unadorned \LaTeX{} document (presumably in +multiple columns, using the \Package{multicol} package), but it's not really +necessary: the (straightforward) \Package{textpos} package provides a +simple way of positioning chunks of text, or tables or figures, on the +poster page. + +More sophisticated is the \Package{flowfram} package, whose basic aim +in life is flowing text from one box on the page to the next. One of +the package's design aims seems to have been the production of +posters, and a worked example is provided. The author of +\Package{flowfram} has an experimental tool called +\href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/software.html#jpgfdraw}{JpgfDraw}, which +allows you to construct the outline of frames for use with +\Package{flowfram}. + +The \Package{beamerposter} package is added to a % ! line break +\Qref*{\Class{beamer} document}{Q-slidecls} to enable the user to work +as if in a \Class{a0poster} class. Thus \Class{beamer}'s neat +provisions for layout may be used when creating the poster. +Documentation of \Package{beamerposter} is sparse, but an example file +allows the user to get a grip on what's available. + +Despite the relative shortage of tools, there are a fair few web pages +that explain the process (mostly in terms of the \Class{a0poster} +route): +\begin{itemize} +\item from Norman Gray, % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 + \href{http://nxg.me.uk/docs/posters/}{Producing posters using \LaTeX{}}; +\item from Nicola Talbot, % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 + \href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/latex/posters/}{Creating technical posters with \LaTeX{}} +\item From Rob Clark % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 + \href{http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/robert/posters/advanced.html}{Advanced LaTeX Posters} % ! line break + (which has links to code samples); +\item from Brian Wolven, % ! line break this item failed 2012-10-02 + \href{http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/~wolven/posters.html}{LaTeX Poster Macros, Examples, and Accessories} % ! line break + (this page also provides macros and other support suggestions); and +\item from ``\emph{pjh}'' % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 + \href{http://www.phys.ufl.edu/~pjh/posters/poster_howto_UF.html}{Making and printing a poster with \LaTeX{}}, % ! line break + which covers the specific issue of dealing with University of + Florida styled poster (offering supporting material as necessary), + but has hints which are generally useful. +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[a0poster.cls]\CTANref{a0poster} +\item[beamer.cls]\CTANref{beamer} +\item[beamerposter.sty]\CTANref{beamerposter} +\item[flowfram.sty]\CTANref{flowfram} +\item[multicol.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[multicol] +\item[sciposter.cls]\CTANref{sciposter} +\item[textpos.sty]\CTANref{textpos} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-thesis]{Formatting a thesis in \LaTeX{}} + +Thesis styles are usually very specific to your University, so it's +usually not profitable to ask around for a package outside your own +University. Since many Universities (in their eccentric way) still +require double-spaced thesis text, you may also need separately to set +up \Qref*{double spacing}{Q-linespace}. + +If you want to write a new thesis class of your own, a good place to +start is the University of California style, but remember that it's +often difficult to produce a thesis that both looks good and conforms +with the style that your Univeristy demands. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[UC thesis style]\CTANref{ucthesis} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-journalpaper]{Setting papers for journals} + +Publishers of journals have a wide range of requirements for the +presentation of papers, and while many publishers do accept electronic +submissions in \AllTeX{}, they don't often submit recommended macros to +public archives. + +Nevertheless, there are considerable numbers of macros of one sort or +another available on \acro{CTAN}; searching for your journal name in +the CTAN catalogue~--- see % ! line break +\Qref{searching \acro{CTAN}}{Q-findfiles})~--- +may well turn up what you're seeking. + +Failing that, you may be well advised to contact the prospective +publisher of your paper; many publishers have macros on their own web +sites, or otherwise available only upon application. + +Check that the publisher is offering you macros suitable to an +environment you can use: a few still have no macros for current +\LaTeX{}, for example, claiming that \LaTeXo{} is good enough\dots{} + +Some publishers rekey anything sent them anyway, so that it doesn't +really matter what macros you use. Others merely encourage you to use +as few extensions of a standard package as possible, so that they will +find it easy to transform your paper to their own internal form. + +\Question[Q-multidoc]{A `report' from lots of `article's} + +This is a requirement, for example, if one is preparing the +proceedings of a conference whose papers were submitted in \LaTeX{}. + +The nearest things to canned solutions are Peter Wilson's +\Class{combine} and Federico Garcia's \Class{subfiles} classes, but +many approaches have been proposed. Each of of the offerings has its +own advantages; in particular, several distinctly light-weight +solutions (for example, \Package{includex} and \Package{docmute}) are +available, well-suited to less formal documents. + +\Class{Combine} defines the means to `\csx{import}' entire documents, +and provides means of specifying significant features of the layout of +the document, as well as a global table of contents, and so on. The +complete set of facilities is pretty complex. An auxiliary package, +\Package{combinet}, allows use of the \csx{title}s and \csx{author}s +(etc.\@) of the \csx{import}ed documents to appear in the global table +of contents. The basic structure of a combined document would be: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[...]{combine} +... +\begin{document} +... +<introductory materiel> +... +\begin{papers} +% title and author of first article, +% to go the the main ToC +\coltoctitle{...} +\coltocauthor{...} +\label{art1} +\import{art1} +... +\end{papers} +... +<acknowledgements, etc.> +... +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The \Class{subfiles} class is used in the component files of a multi-file +project, and the corresponding \Package{subfiles} package is used in the +master file; so the structure of the master file looks like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{<whatever>} +... +\usepackage{subfiles} +... +\begin{document} +... +\subfile{subfile_name} +... +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +while a subfile has the structure: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[mainfile_name]{subfiles} +\begin{document} +... +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Arrangements may be made so that the component files will +be typeset using different page format, etc., parameters than those +used when they are typeset as a part of the main file. + +A more `raw' toolkit is offered by Matt Swift's \Package{includex} and +\Package{newclude} packages, both part of the \Package{frankenstein} +bundle. Note that Matt believes \Package{includex} is obsolete +(though it continues to work for this author); furthermore, its +replacement, \Package{newclude} remains ``in development'', as it has +been since 1999. + +Both \Package{includex} and \Package{newclude} enable you to +`\csx{includedoc}' complete articles (in the way that you +`\csx{include}' chapter files in an ordinary report). The preamble +(everything up to \cmdinvoke{begin}{document}), and everything after +\cmdinvoke{end}{document}, is ignored by both packages. Thus the +packages don't ``do the whole job'' for you, though: you need to +analyse the package use of the individual papers, and ensure that a +consistent set is loaded in the preamble of the main report. (Both +packages require \Package{moredefs}, which is also part of the +bundle.) + +A neat (and simple) toolkit is offered by the +\Package{docmute} package; once the package is loaded, anything +between \cmdinvoke{documentclass}[...]{...} and +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document} in an \csx{input}'ed or \csx{include}'d +document is ignored, and then the input is processed up to +\cmdinvoke{end}{document} in the input file. The package does nothing +about \csx{usepackage} (or anything else) in the preamble of the +included document; it's up to the user to ensure that any packages +needed are loaded, and any other necessary configuration is done, in +the parent document. + +The \Package{standalone} package develops on the ideas of +\Package{docmute}; it was designed to meet the needs of users who are +developing images from one of the more extreme new graphics packages +(notably \Package{pgf/tikz}) where the compile time of the graphics is +such that separate compilation is very desirable. +\Package{Standalone} provides a means of developing the graphics in a +convenient way, detached from the development of the document as a +whole; its value for use in multiple documents is clear. + +The user includes the \Package{standalone} package in the main +document, and each subfile uses the \Class{standalone} class. +(\Class{Standalone} uses \Class{article} for the ``real'' work in +stand-alone mode, but it may be asked to use another). + +The real difference from the \Package{docmute} package is +flexibility. In particular, you can ask that the preambles of the +included documents be gathered up, so that you can construct a good +preamble for the master document. + +A final ``compile-together'' approach comes from the \Package{subdocs} +package. The driver file contains a \csx{subdocuments} command: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke*{subdocuments}[options]{file1, file2, ...} +\end{quote} +(the optional arguments provide layout options, such as control over +whether \csx{clearpage} or \csx{cleardoublepage} are used between the +files). Each of the sub-files will execute +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke*{usepackage}[master]{subdocs} +\end{quote} +to declare the name, \texttt{\emph{master}}, of the calling file; +each of the subfiles reads all the \extension{aux} files, so that +tables of contents may be produced. + +A completely different approach is to use the \Package{pdfpages} +package, and to include articles submitted in \acro{PDF} format into a +a \acro{PDF} document produced by \PDFLaTeX{}. The package +defines an \csx{includepdf} command, which takes arguments similar to +those of the \csx{includegraphics} command. With keywords in the +optional argument of the command, you can specify which pages you want +to be included from the file named, and various details of the layout +of the included pages. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[combine.cls]\CTANref{combine} +\item[combinet.sty]\CTANref{combine} +\item[docmute.sty]\CTANref{docmute} +\item[includex.sty]Distributed in the ``unsupported'' part of + \CTANref{frankenstein}[includex] +\item[moredefs.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{frankenstein}[moredefs] +\item[newclude.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{frankenstein}[newclude] +\item[pdfpages.sty]\CTANref{pdfpages} +\item[standalone.cls, standalone.sty]\CTANref{standalone} +\item[subdocs.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{bezos}[subdocs] +\item[subfiles.cls, etc.]\CTANref{subfiles} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-cv]{\emph{Curriculum Vitae} (R\'esum\'e)} + +Andrej Brodnik's class, \Class{vita}, offers a framework for producing +a \emph{curriculum vitae}. The class may be customised both for +subject (example class option files support both computer scientists +and singers), and for language (both the options provided are +available for both English and Slovene). Extensions may be written by +creating new class option files, or by using macros defined in the +class to define new entry types, etc. + +Didier Verna's class, \Class{curve}, is based on a model in which +the \acro{CV} is made of a set of \emph{rubrics} (each one dealing +with a major item that you want to discuss, such as `education', `work +experience', etc). The class's documentation is supported by a couple +of example files, and an emacs mode is provided. + +Xavier Danaux offers a class \Class{moderncv} which supports +typesetting modern \emph{curricula vitarum}, both in a classic and in a +casual style. It is fairly customizable, allowing you to define your +own style by changing the colours, the fonts, etc. + +The European Commission has recommended a format for % ! line break +\emph{curricula vitarum} within Europe, and Nicola Vitacolonna has +developed a class \Class{europecv} to produce it. While (by his own +admission) the class doesn't solve all problems, it seems well-thought +out and supports all current official EU languages (together with a +few non-official languages, such as Catalan, Galician and Serbian). + +The alternative to using a separate class is to impose a package on +one of the standard classes. An example, +Axel Reichert's \Package{currvita} package, has been recommended to the +\acro{FAQ} team. Its output certainly looks good. + +There is also a \LaTeXo{} package \Package{resume}, which comes with +little but advice \emph{against} trying to use it. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[currvita.sty]\CTANref{currvita} +\item[curve.cls]\CTANref{curve} +\item[europecv.cls]\CTANref{europecv} +\item[moderncv.cls]\CTANref{moderncv} +\item[resume.sty]\CTANref{resume} +\item[vita.cls]\CTANref{vita} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-letterclass]{Letters and the like} + +\LaTeX{} itself provides a \Class{letter} document class, which is +widely disliked; the present author long since gave up trying with +it. If you nevertheless want to try it, but are irritated by its way +of vertically-shifting a single-page letter, try the following hack: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\let\@texttop\relax +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +in the preamble of your file. + +Doing-it-yourself is a common strategy; Knuth (for use with +\plaintex{}, in the \TeX{}book), and Kopka and Daly (in their Guide to +\LaTeX{}) offer worked examples. (The latest version of Knuth's +macros appear in his ``local library'' dump on the archive, which is +updated in parallel with new versions of \TeX{}~--- so not very often\dots{}) + +Nevertheless, there \emph{are} contributed alternatives~--- in fact +there are an awfully large number of them: the following list, of +necessity, makes but a small selection. + +The largest, most comprehensive, class is \Class{newlfm}; the \texttt{lfm} +part of the name implies that the class can create letters, faxes and +memoranda. The documentation is voluminous, and the package seems +very flexible. + +Other classes recommended for inclusion in this \acro{FAQ} are +\Class{akletter} and \Class{isodoc}. + +The \Class{dinbrief} class, while recommended, is only documented in +German. + +There are letter classes in each of the excellent +\Class{KOMA-script} (\Class{scrlttr2}: documentation is available in +English) and \Package{ntgclass} (\Class{brief}: documentation in Dutch +only) bundles. While these are probably good (since the bundles +themselves inspire trust) they've not been specifically recommended by +any users. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[akletter.cls]\CTANref{akletter} +\item[brief.cls]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ntgclass} +\item[dinbrief.cls]\CTANref{dinbrief} +\item[isodoc.cls]\CTANref{isodoc} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Knuth's letter.tex]\CTANref{knuth-letter} +\item[newlfm.cls]\CTANref{newlfm} +\item[scrlttr2.cls]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-extsizes]{Other ``document font'' sizes?} + +The \LaTeX{} standard classes have a concept of a (base) ``document +font'' size; this size is the basis on which other font sizes (those +from \csx{tiny} to \csx{Huge}) are determined. The classes are designed +on the assumption that they won't be used with sizes other than the +set that \LaTeX{} offers by default (10--12pt), but people regularly +find they need other sizes. The proper response to such a requirement +is to produce a new design for the document, but many people don't +fancy doing that. + +A simple solution is to use the \Package{extsizes} bundle. This +bundle offers ``extended'' versions of the article, report, book and +letter classes, at sizes of 8, 9, 14, 17 and 20pt as well as the +standard 10--12pt. Since little has been done to these classes other +than to adjust font sizes and things directly related to them, they +may not be optimal~--- but they are at least practical. + +More satisfactory are the \emph{\acro{KOMA}-script} classes, which are +designed to work properly with the class option files that come with +\Package{extsizes}, and the \Class{memoir} class that has its own +options for document font sizes 9pt--12pt, 14pt, 17pt, 20pt, 25pt, +30pt, 36pt, 48pt and 60pt. The classes also offer size setup for any +old font size, and the \Package{scrextend} package can extend this +facility for use with any class: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[fontsize=12.3]{scrextend} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will indeed set up the main document font to have size \texttt{12.3pt} +with an appropriate default baselineskip. The package ``knows'' about +\emph{\acro{KOMA}-script}'s default sizes, and for eccentric sizes +such as the example, it will produce a warning: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Using fallback calculation to setup font sizes +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(users should avoid becoming excited about that\dots{}). The package +suffers from the same problem as does \Package{extsizes}: the +resulting font sizes are the \emph{only} feature of the document that +is changed, and the appearance of the resulting document will probably +not be as good as if the document class had been designed for use at +the size chosen. + +Many classes, designed to produce typeset results other than on +``ordinary'' paper, will have their own font size mechanisms and +ranges of sizes. This is true, for example, of % ! line break +\Qref*{poster classes}{Q-poster} (such as \Class{a0poster}), and of +\Qref*{presentation and lecturing classes}{Q-slidecls} (such as +\Class{beamer}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[a0poster.cls]\CTANref{a0poster} +\item[beamer.cls]\CTANref{beamer} +\item[extsizes bundle]\CTANref{extsizes} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[scrextend.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-01} + +\subsection{Document structure} + +\Question[Q-titlsty]{The style of document titles} + +The \Package{titling} package provides a number of facilities that +permit manipulation of the appearance of a \csx{maketitle} command, the +\csx{thanks} commands within it, and so on. The package also defines a +\environment{titlingpage} environment, that offers something in between the +standard classes' \pkgoption{titlepage} option and the \environment{titlepage} +environment, and is itself somewhat configurable. + +The memoir class includes all the functionality of the +\Package{titling} package, while the \Class{KOMA-script} classes have +their own range of different titling styles. + +Finally, the indefatigable Vincent Zoonekynd supplies examples of how +to program alternative % don't let this \href suffer a line-break +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/LaTeX_samples_title/0.html}{title styles}. +The web page is not useful to users unless they are willing to do +their own \LaTeX{} programming. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[titling.sty]\CTANref{titling} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-secthead]{The style of section headings} + +Suppose that the editor of your favourite journal has specified that section +headings must be centred, in small capitals, and subsection headings ragged +right in italic, but that you don't want to get involved in the sort of +programming described in section 2.2 of \emph{The \LaTeX{} Companion} +\begin{narrowversion} % really non-hyper + (\Qref{}{Q-latex-books}; the programming itself is discussed in + \Qref[question]{}{Q-atsigns}). +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} % really hyper + (see \Qref{\latex{} books}{Q-latex-books}; the + \Qref{programming}{Q-atsigns} itself is discussed elsewhere in this + \acro{FAQ}). +\end{wideversion} +The following hack will +probably satisfy your editor. Define yourself new commands +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\ssection}[1]{% + \section[#1]{\centering\normalfont\scshape #1}} +\newcommand{\ssubsection}[1]{% + \subsection[#1]{\raggedright\normalfont\itshape #1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} % really non-hyper +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\ssection}[1]{% + \section[#1]{\centering + \normalfont\scshape #1}} +\newcommand{\ssubsection}[1]{% + \subsection[#1]{\raggedright + \normalfont\itshape #1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +and then use \csx{ssection} and \csx{ssubsection} in place of +\csx{section} and \csx{subsection}. This isn't perfect: section numbers +remain in bold, and starred forms need a separate redefinition. + +The \Package{titlesec} package offers a structured approach to the +problem, based on redefinition of the sectioning and chapter commands +themselves. This approach allows it to offer radical adjustment: its +options provide (in effect) a toolbox for designing your own +sectioning commands' output. + +The \Package{sectsty} package provides a more simply structured set of +tools; while it is less powerful than is \Package{titlesec}, it is +perhaps preferable for minor adjustments, since you can use it after +having read a smaller proportion of the manual. + +The \Package{fncychap} package provides a nice collection of customised +chapter heading designs. The \Package{anonchap} package provides a +simple means of typesetting chapter headings ``like section headings'' +(i.e., without the ``Chapter'' part of the heading); the +\Package{tocbibind} package provides the same commands, in pursuit of +another end. + +The \Class{memoir} class includes facilities that match +\Package{sectsty} and \Package{titlesec}, as well as a bundle of +chapter heading styles (including an \Package{anonchap}-equivalent). +The \Class{KOMA-script} classes also have sets of tools that provide +equivalent functionality, notably formatting specifications \csx{partformat}, +\csx{chapterformat}, \csx{sectionformat}, \dots{}, as well as several +useful overall formatting specifications defined in class options. + +Finally, the indefatigable Vincent Zoonekynd supplies examples of how +to program alternative % don't let these \href suffer line-breaks +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/LaTeX_samples_chapter/0.html}{chapter heading styles} +and +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/LaTeX_samples_section/0.html}{section heading styles}. +The web pages provide programming examples, and expect users to adapt +them to their own \LaTeX{} use. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[anonchap.sty]\CTANref{anonchap} +\item[fncychap.sty]\CTANref{fncychap} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[sectsty.sty]\CTANref{sectsty} +\item[titlesec.sty]\CTANref{titlesec} +\item[tocbibind.sty]\CTANref{tocbibind} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-appendix]{Appendixes} + +\LaTeX{} provides an exceedingly simple mechanism for appendixes: the +command \csx{appendix} switches the document from generating sections +(in \Class{article} class) or chapters (in \Class{report} or +\Class{book} classes) to producing appendixes. Section or chapter +numbering is restarted and the representation of the counter switches +to alphabetic. So: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section{My inspiration} +... + +\section{Developing the inspiration} +... + +\appendix +\section{How I became inspired} +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +would be typeset (in an \Class{article} document) something like: +\begin{quote} +\textbf{1~~My inspiration} + +\dots{} + +\textbf{2~~Developing the inspiration} + +\dots{} + +\textbf{A~~How I became inspired} + +\dots{} +\end{quote} +which is quite enough for many ordinary purposes. Note that, once +you've switched to typesetting appendixes, \LaTeX{} provides you with +no way back~--- once you've had an appendix, you can no longer have an +``ordinary'' \csx{section} or \csx{chapter}. + +The \Package{appendix} provides several ways of elaborating on this +simple setup. Straightforward use of the package allows you to have a +separate heading, both in the body of the document and the table of +contents; this would be achieved by +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{appendix} +... +\appendix +\appendixpage +\addappheadtotoc +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \csx{appendixpage} command adds a separate title ``Appendices'' +above the first appendix, and \csx{addappheadtotoc} adds a similar +title to the table of contents. These simple modifications cover many +people's needs about appendixes. + +The package also provides an \environment{appendices} environment, +which provides for fancier use. The environment is best controlled by +package options; the above example would be achieved by +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[toc,page]{appendix} +... +\begin{appendices} +... +\end{appendices} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The great thing that the \environment{appendices} environment gives +you, is that once the environment ends, you can carry on with sections +or chapters as before~--- numbering isn't affected by the intervening +appendixes. + +The package provides another alternative way of setting appendixes, as +inferior divisions in the document. The \environment{subappendices} +environment allows you to put separate appendixes for a particular +section, coded as \csx{subsection}s, or for a particular chapter, coded +as \csx{section}s. So one might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{appendix} +... +\section{My inspiration} +... +\begin{subappendices} +\subsection{How I became inspired} +... +\end{subappendices} + +\section{Developing the inspiration} +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Which will produce output something like: +\begin{quote} +\textbf{1~~My inspiration} + +\dots{} + +\textbf{1.A~~How I became inspired} + +\dots{} + +\textbf{2~~Developing the inspiration} + +\dots{} +\end{quote} + +There are many other merry things one may do with the package; the +user is referred to the package documentation for further details. + +The \Class{memoir} class includes the facilities of the +\Package{appendix} package. The \Class{KOMA-script} classes offer a +\csx{appendixprefix} command for manipulating the appearance of appendixes. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[appendix.sty]\CTANref{appendix} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-secindent]{Indent after section headings} + +\LaTeX{} implements a style that doesn't indent the first paragraph +after a section heading. There are coherent reasons for this, but not +everyone likes it. +The \Package{indentfirst} package +suppresses the mechanism, so that the first paragraph is +indented. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[indentfirst.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[indentfirst] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-subsubsub]{How to create a \csx{subsubsubsection}} + +\LaTeX{}'s set of ``sections'' stops at the level of +\csx{subsubsection}. This reflects a design decision by Lamport~--- +for, after all, who can reasonably want a section with such huge +strings of numbers in front of it? + +In fact, \LaTeX{} standard classes \emph{do} define ``sectioning'' +levels lower than \csx{subsubsection}, but they don't format them like +sections (they're not numbered, and the text is run-in after the +heading). These deeply inferior section commands are \csx{paragraph} +and \csx{subparagraph}; you can (if you \emph{must}) arrange that these +two commands produce numbered headings, so that you can use them as +\csx{subsubsubsection}s and lower. + +The \Package{titlesec} package provides a sensible set of macros for +you to adjust the definitions of the sectioning macros, and it may be +used to transform a \csx{paragraph}'s typesetting so that it looks +like that of a \csx{section}. + +If you want to program the change yourself, you'll find that the +commands (\csx{section} all the way down to \csx{subparagraph}) are +defined in terms of the internal \csx{@startsection} command, which +takes 6~arguments. Before attempting this sort of work, you are well +advised to read the \LaTeX{} sources (\File{ltsect.dtx} in the +\LaTeX{} distribution) and the source of the standard packages +(\File{classes.dtx}), or to make use of the % ! line break +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} Companion}{Q-latex-books}, which +discusses the use of \csx{@startsection} for this sort of thing. + +You will note that Lamport didn't go on adding ``\texttt{sub}'' to the +names of sectioning commands, when creating commands for the lowest +levels of a document. This would seem sensible to any but the most +rigorous stickler for symmetry~--- it would surely challenge pretty +much anyone's reading of the source of a document, if there was a need +to distinguish \csx{subsubsubsection} and \csx{subsubsubsubsection} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeX{} source]\CTANref{latex} +\item[titlesec.sty]\CTANref{titlesec} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-14} + +\Question[Q-captsty]{The style of captions} + +Changes to the style of captions may be made by redefining the commands +that produce the caption. So, for example, \csx{fnum@figure} (which +produces the float number for figure floats) may be redefined, in a +package of your own, or between +\Qref*{\csx{makeatletter}--\csx{makeatother}}{Q-atsigns}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\fnum@figure}{\textbf{Fig.~\thefigure}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\fnum@figure}% + {\textbf{Fig.~\thefigure}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +which will cause the number to be typeset in bold face. (Note that +the original definition used \nothtml{\csx{figurename}~--- }% +\Qref{\csx{figurename}}{Q-fixnam}.) More elaborate changes can be +made by patching the \csx{caption} command, but since there are +packages to do the job, such changes (which can get rather tricky) +aren't recommended for ordinary users. + +The \Package{float} package provides some control of the appearance of +captions, though it's principally designed for the creation of +non-standard floats. The \Package{caption} and \Package{ccaption} +(note the double ``\emph{c}'') packages provide a range of different +formatting options. + +\Package{ccaption} also provides `continuation' captions and captions +that can be placed outside of float environments. The (very simple) +\Package{capt-of} package also allows captions outside a float +environment. Note that care is needed when doing things that assume +the sequence of floats (as in continuation captions), or potentially +mix non-floating captions with floating ones. + +The \Class{memoir} class includes the facilities of the +\Package{ccaption} package; the \Class{KOMA-script} classes also +provide a wide range of caption-formatting commands. + +The documentation of \Package{caption} is available by processing a +file \File{manual.tex}, which is created when you unpack +\File{caption.dtx} + +Note that the previously-recommended package \Package{caption2} has +now been overtaken again by \Package{caption}; however, +\Package{caption2} remains available for use in older documents. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[caption.sty]\CTANref{caption} +\item[capt-of.sty]\CTANref{capt-of} +\item[ccaption.sty]\CTANref{ccaption} +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-fancyhdr]{Alternative head- and footlines in \LaTeX{}} +\keywords{headings header footer headline footline} + +The standard \LaTeX{} document classes define a small set of `page +styles' which specify head- and footlines for your document (though +they can be used for other purposes, too). The standard set is very +limited, but \LaTeX{} is capable of much more. The internal +\LaTeX{} coding needed to change page styles is not particularly +challenging, but there's no need~--- there are packages that provide +useful abstractions that match the way we typically think about these +things. + +The \Package{fancyhdr} package provides +simple mechanisms for defining pretty much every head- or footline +variation you could want; the directory also contains some +documentation and one or two smaller packages. \Package{Fancyhdr} +also deals with the tedious behaviour of the standard styles with +\Qref*{initial pages}{Q-nopageno}, by enabling you to define +different page styles for initial and for body pages. + +While \Package{fancyhdr} will work with \Class{KOMA-script} classes, +an alternative package, \Package{scrpage2}, eases integration with the +classes. \Package{Scrpage2} may also be used as a \Package{fancyhdr} +replacement, providing similar facilities. The \Class{KOMA-script} +classes themselves permit some modest redefinition of head- and +footlines, without the use of the extra package. + +\Class{Memoir} also contains the functionality of \Package{fancyhdr}, +and has several predefined styles. + +Documentation of \Package{fancyhdr} is distributed with the package, +in a separate file; documentation of \Package{scrpage2} is integrated +with the \File{scrgui*} documentation files that are distributed with +the \Class{KOMA-script} classes. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fancyhdr.sty]\CTANref{fancyhdr} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-widefigs]{Wide figures in two-column documents} + +Floating figures and tables ordinarily come out the same width as the +page, but in two-column documents they're restricted to the width of +the column. This is sometimes not good enough; so there are alternative +versions of the float environments~--- in two-column documents, +\texttt{figure*} provides a floating page-wide figure (and \texttt{table*} a +page-wide table) which will do the necessary. + +The ``\texttt{*}''ed float environments can only appear at the top of a page, +or on a whole page~--- \texttt{h} or \texttt{b} float placement directives are +simply ignored. + +Unfortunately, page-wide equations can only be accommodated inside +float environments. You should include them in \texttt{figure} environments, +or use the \Package{float} or \Package{ccaption}package to define a +new float type. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ccaption.sty]\CTANref{ccaption} +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-onecolabs]{1-column abstract in 2-column document} + +One often requires that the abstract of a paper should appear across +the entire page, even in a two-column paper. The required trick is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[twocolumn]{article} +... +\begin{document} +... % \author, etc +\twocolumn[ + \begin{@twocolumnfalse} + \maketitle + \begin{abstract} + ... + \end{abstract} + \end{@twocolumnfalse} + ] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Unfortunately, with the above \csx{thanks} won't work in the +\csx{author} list. If you need such specially-numbered footnotes, you +can make them like this: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\title{Demonstration} +\author{Me, You\thanks{}} +\twocolumn[ + ... as above ... +] +{ + \renewcommand{\thefootnote}% + {\fnsymbol{footnote}} + \footnotetext[1]{Thanks for nothing} +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and so on. + +As an alternative, among other facilities the \Package{abstract} package +provides a +\csx{saythanks} command and a \environment{onecolabstract} environment +which remove the need to fiddle with the \csx{thanks} and +footnoting. They can be used like this: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\twocolumn[ + \maketitle % full width title + \begin{onecolabstract} % ditto abstract + ... text + \end{onecolabstract} +] +\saythanks % typeset any \thanks +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \Class{memoir} class offers all the facilities of \Package{abstract}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[abstract.sty]\CTANref{abstract} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-reallyblank]{Really blank pages between chapters} + +If you're using the standard classes, you need to take special action; +the \Class{memoir} class and the \Class{Koma-Script} classes provide +their own support for this~--- see below. + +\Class{Book} (by default) and \Class{report} (with \pkgoption{openright} class +option) ensure that each chapter starts on a right-hand (recto) page; +they do this by inserting a \csx{cleardoublepage} command between +chapters (rather than a mere \csx{clearpage}). The empty page thus +created gets to have a normal running header, which some people don't +like. + +The (excellent) \Package{fancyhdr} manual covers this issue, basically +advising the creation of a command \csx{clearemptydoublepage}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\origdoublepage\cleardoublepage +\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{% + \clearpage + {\pagestyle{empty}\origdoublepage}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The ``obvious'' thing is then to use this command to replace +\csx{cleardoublepage} in a patched version of the \csx{chapter} command. +(Make a package of your own containing a copy +of the command out of the class.) This isn't particularly difficult, +but you can instead simply subvert \csx{cleardoublepage} (which isn't +often used elsewhere): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note: this command works because \csx{clearemptydoublepage} uses a copy +of \csx{cleardoublepage}: instructions on macro programming +% beware line break +\Qref*[question]{patching techniques}{Q-patch} explain the problem and +why this is a solution. + +The \Package{emptypage} package does this sort of thing for you; all +you need do is load the package, and it does the rest. + +The \emph{\acro{KOMA}-Script} replacements for the +\Class{book} and \Class{report} classes (\Class{scrbook} and +\Class{scrreprt} offers class options \pkgoption{cleardoubleempty}, +\pkgoption{cleardoubleplain} and \pkgoption{cleardoublestandard} +(using the running page style, as normal) that control the appearance +of these empty pages. The classes also offer do-it-yourself commands +\csx{cleardoubleempty} (etc.\@). + +The \Class{memoir} class (and the \Package{nextpage} package) +provide commands \csx{cleartooddpage} and \csx{cleartoevenpage}, +which both take an optional argument (the first, with no argument, +being an equivalent of \csx{cleardoublepage}). One can achieve +`special' effects by putting commands in the optional argument: the +\csx{clearemptydoublepage} we're after would be achieved by +\csx{cleartooddpage[}\cmdinvoke{thispagestyle}{empty}\texttt{]}. The +commands will also serve if you want the surreal effect of ``This page +intentionally left blank'' in the centre of an otherwise empty page. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[emptypage.sty]\CTANref{emptypage} +\item[fancyhdr.sty]\CTANref{fancyhdr} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[nextpage.sty]\CTANref{nextpage} +\item[scrbook.cls, scrrept.cls]Part of \CTANref{koma-script} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-balance]{Balancing columns at the end of a document} + +The \Package{twocolumn} option of the standard classes causes +\LaTeX{} to set the text of a document in two columns. However, the last +page of the document typically ends up with columns of different +lengths~--- such columns are said to be ``unbalanced''. Many (most?) +people don't like unbalanced columns. + +The simplest solution to the problem is to use the \Package{multicol} +package in place of the \Package{twocolumn} option, as +\Package{multicol} balances the columns on the final page by default. +However, the use of \Package{multicol} does come at a cost: its +special output routine disallows the use of in-column floats, though +it does still permit full-width (e.g., \environment{figure*} +environment) floats. + +As a result, there is a constant push for a means of balancing columns +at the end of a \Package{twocolumn} document. Of course, the job can +be done manually: \csx{pagebreak} inserted at the appropriate place on +the last page can often produce the right effect, but this seldom +appeals, and if the last page is made up of automatically-generated +text (for example, bibliography or index) inserting the command will +be difficult. + +The \Package{flushend} package offers a solution to this problem. It's a +somewhat dangerous piece of macro code, which patches one of the most +intricate parts of the \LaTeX{} kernel without deploying any of the +safeguards discussed in \Qref[question]{patching commands}{Q-patch}. +The package only changes the behaviour at end document (its +\csx{flushend} command is enabled by default), and one other command +permits adjustment of the final balance; other packages in the bundle +provide means for insertion of full width material in two-column +documents. + +The \Package{balance} package also patches the output routine +(somewhat more carefully than \Package{flushend}). + +The user should be aware that any of these packages are liable to +become confused in the presence of floats: if problems arise, manual +adjustment of the floats in the document is likely to be necessary. +It is this difficulty (what's required in any instance can't really be +expressed in current \LaTeX{}) that led the author of +\Package{multicol} to suppress single-column-wide floats. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[balance.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{preprint}[balance] +\item[flushend.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{sttools}[flushend] +\item[multicol.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[multicol] + +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-runheadtoobig]{My section title is too wide for the page header} + +By default, \LaTeX{} sectioning commands make the chapter or section +title available for use by page headers and the like. Page headers +operate in a rather constrained area, and it's common for titles too +be too big to fit: the \LaTeX{} sectioning commands therefore take an +optional argument: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[short title]{full title} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +If the \meta{short title} is present, it is used both for the table of +contents and for the page heading. The usual answer to people who +complain that their title is too big for the running head is to +suggest that they the optional argument. + +However, using the same text for the table of contents as for the +running head may also be unsatisfactory: if your chapter titles are +seriously long (like those of a Victorian novel), a valid and rational +scheme is to have a shortened table of contents entry, and a really +terse entry in the running head. + +One of the problems is the tendency of page headings to be set in +capitals (which take up more space); so why not set headings as written +for ``ordinary'' reading? It's not possible to do so with unmodified +\LaTeX{}, but the \Package{fancyhdr} package provides a command +\csx{nouppercase} for use in its header (and footer) lines to suppress +\LaTeX{}'s uppercasing tendencies. Classes in the \Class{KOMA-script} +bundle don't uppercase in the first place. + +In fact, the sectioning commands use `mark' commands to pass +information to the page headers. For example, \csx{chapter} uses +\csx{chaptermark}, \csx{section} uses \csx{sectionmark}, and so on. With +this knowledge, one can achieve a three-layer structure for chapters: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\chapter[middling version]{verbose version} +\chaptermark{terse version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which should supply the needs of every taste. + +Chapters, however, have it easy: hardly any book design puts a page +header on a chapter start page. In the case of sections, one has +typically to take account of the nature of the \csx{*mark} commands: +the thing that goes in the heading is the first mark on the page (or, +failing any mark, the last mark on any previous page). As a result +the recipe for sections is more tiresome: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[middling version]{verbose version% + \sectionmark{terse version}} +\sectionmark{terse version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the first \csx{sectionmark} deals with the header of the page the +\csx{section} command falls on, and the second deal with subsequent +pages; note that here, you need the optional argument to \csx{section}, +even if ``\emph{middling version}'' is in fact the same text as +``\emph{long version''}.) + +A similar arrangement is necessary even for chapters if the class +you're using is odd enough that it puts a page header on a chapter's +opening page. + +Note that the \Package{titlesec} package manages the running heads in +a completely different fashion; for example, you can use the optional +argument of sectioning commands for page headers, only, by loading the +package as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[toctitles]{titlesec} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The package documentation offers other useful techniques in this area. +\LeadFrom{Tobi}{sx}{2012-02-01} + +The \Class{memoir} class avoids all the silliness by providing an +extra optional argument for chapter and sectioning commands, for +example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[middling version][terse version]% + {verbose version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[middling version][terse version]{verbose version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +As a result, it is always possible for users of \Class{memoir} to +tailor the header text to fit, with very little trouble. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fancyhdr.sty]\CTANref{fancyhdr} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[titlesec.sty]\CTANref{titlesec} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-01} + +\nothtml{\begingroup\boldmath} +\Question[Q-nofm]{Page numbering ``\meta{n} of \meta{m}''} +\nothtml{\afterquestion} + +Finding the page number of the last page of a document, from within +the document, is somewhat tricky. The \Package{lastpage} and +\Package{zref-lastpage} packages define a label +\texttt{LastPage} whose number is \emph{right} (after sufficiently many +passes through \LaTeX{}, of course). The \Class{memoir} class also +defines a ``last page'' label. + +The documentation of the \Package{fancyhdr} package spells out exactly +how one might actually use this information to produce page numbering +as suggested in the question. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}fancyhdr documentation]\CTANref{fancyhdr} +\item[lastpage.sty]\CTANref{lastpage} +\item[zref-lastpage]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[zref] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-16} + +\Question[Q-pagebychap]{Page numbering by chapter} + +When I was a young man, a common arrangement for loose bound technical +manuals is to number pages by chapter. (It's quite a good scheme, in +those situations: even if your corrections add a whole page to the +chapter, the most you have to redistribute is that chapter.) + +The problem, at first sight, seems pretty much the same as that in +another answer on +% beware line break +\Qref*{running numbers within a chapter}{Q-running-nos}, +and the basic technique is indeed pretty similar. + +However, tidying-up loose ends, making sure the page number gets reset +to the correct value at the start of each chapter, and so on, is +slightly more challenging. This is why the \Package{chappg} package +was written: it does the obvious things, and more. + +Users have been known to ask for running page numbers within a +section, but this really doesn't make sense: you need to run page +numbers within document objects that always start on a fresh page. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[chappg.sty]\CTANref{chappg} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Page layout} + +\Question[Q-papersize]{The size of printed output} + +The final product of a \AllTeX{} run is something for a person to +read. Often, nowadays, that product will be read ``on-screen'', but +the printed page remains a principal output form. + +When we come to print our output, it is important that the output fits +on the paper; in some cases, for the output to ``fit'' is good enough. +However, there are circumstances where the actual size of the printed +output, on the page, is crucial to the acceptance of the output. +(This might happen when the output is a book to be published, or when +it's a dissertation which must match the fancies of some bureaucrat +even to be considered.) + +Sadly, we often find that the printed output doesn't conform to our +expectations\dots{} + +The check-list for such problems has two entries: +\begin{itemize} +\item Your output is generated via Adobe \ProgName{Reader} (or + possibly ``\ProgName{Acrobat Reader}''~--- older versions of the + program had the qualified name). In this case, it may be that + \ProgName{Reader} is willfully changing the size of your output: + read \Qref*{\ProgName{Reader} antics}{Q-acroantics}. +\item Something in your \TeX{} system is producing the wrong size (or + shape) of output: read \Qref*{paper geometry}{Q-papergeom}. +\end{itemize} + +An alternative approach is to use the (excellent) \Package{testflow} +suite, that provides a detailed outline of the potential problems +together with a sample document and prototype outputs. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}testflow bundle]\CTANref{testflow} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-acroantics]{Adobe \ProgName{Reader} messing with print size} +\AliasQuestion{Q-outszwrng} + +Printing from Adobe \ProgName{Reader} shrinks the page ``to fit'' +(\emph{by default}). Unfortunately, its calculation doesn't consider +the existing margins of the document, so that it shrinks what it +believes is your whole page onto what it believes is its output page. +The effect typically looks as if your margins have expanded. + +Solve this problem by adjusting the \ProgName{Reader}'s default in the +print dialogue; unfortunately, this dialogue varies from one version +to the next: +\begin{itemize} +\item \ProgName{Reader} version 7:\\ + Page Scaling (default: ``Fit to printer margins'')~--- change to + ``None'', and\\ + Scale (default 95\textpercent{} of Normal size)~--- change to + ``100\textpercent''. +\item Adobe Reader 6:\\ + in the print dialogue, on the ``copies \& pages'' pane, you'll find a + popup menu/drop-down list titled ``Page Scaling''~--- change to ``None''. +\item Windows, Linux Acrobat (Reader) 5.0:\\ + In the print dialog, make sure the ``Shrink oversized pages to fit'' + checkbox is unchecked. It may also be useful to uncheck the + ``Expand small pages to fit paper size'' checkbox as well. +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-papergeom]{Getting the right paper geometry from \AllTeX{}} + +If your output is the wrong size, and you've checked that it's not due +to the \Qref*{ministrations of Adobe \ProgName{Reader}}{Q-acroantics}, +the problem is probably that your \AllTeX{} system is producing output +that specifies the wrong paper size. Paper sizes can be a pain: +they're a forgotten backwater~--- Knuth seems not to have considered +paper size as something the \TeX{} engine needs to know about. As a +result, there is no \acro{DVI} command to specify the paper on which +the document should be printed, which has led a dichotomy where macros +shape the text according to the needs of the author's chosen paper +size, and device drivers' choice happens independently of the macros' +ideas. + +In practice, one usually finds that macro packages (such as \plaintex{} and +\LaTeX{}) assume American ``letter'' paper size, by default; and since +most distributions nowadays originate in Europe, the drivers usually +default to \acro{ISO} ``A4'' paper size. + +This is (of course) pretty unsatisfactory. Users may select a +different paper size for their document (current \LaTeX{} offers a +range of sizes as options in the standard classes), pretty easily. +Nevertheless, the user also has to be sure that each time +\ProgName{xdvi}, \ProgName{dvips} (or whatever) runs, it uses the +paper size the document was designed for. + +The default paper size for \acro{DVI} drivers may be changed by a +distribution management command (\ProgName{texconfig} for \texlive{}, +the \ProgName{Options} application for \miktex{}), but this still +doesn't provide for people using the ``wrong'' sort of paper for some +reason. + +A different issue arises for users of \PDFTeX{}~--- the +\acro{PDF} format \emph{does} have the means of expressing paper size +and \PDFTeX{} has system variables \csx{pdfpagewidth} and +\csx{pdfpageheight}, that are written into the output \acro{PDF} file. +Unfortunately, most of the core software predates \PDFTeX{}, so not even +\PDFLaTeX{} sets the correct values into those variables, to match the +paper size specified in a \csx{documentclass} option. + +The \acro{DVI} drivers \ProgName{dvips}, \ProgName{dvipdfm} and its +extensions (\ProgName{dvipdfmx} and \ProgName{xdvipdfmx}) define +\csx{special} commands for the document to specify its own paper size; +so in those cases, as when \PDFTeX{} or V\TeX{} is being used, the +paper size can be programmed by the document. Users who wish to, may +of course consult the manuals of the various programs to write the +necessary code. + +The \Package{geometry} and \Package{zwpagelayout} packages (whose main +business includes defining +typeset page areas), also takes notice the size of the paper that the +document is going to be printed on, and can issue the commands +necessary to ensure the correct size of paper is used. If +\Package{geometry} is used when a document is being processed by +\PDFLaTeX{}, it can set the necessary dimensions ``in the output''. +If the document is being processed by \LaTeX{} on a \TeX{} or \eTeX{} +engine, there are package options which instruct \Package{geometry} +which \csx{special} commands to use. (Note that the options are +ignored if you are using either \PDFLaTeX{} or V\TeX{}.) + +So, one resolution of the problem, when you are using \latex{}, is to add +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[processor-option,...]{geometry} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Where \pkgoption{processor-option} tells the package what will produce +your (\PS{} or \acro{PDF} output~--- \Package{geometry} knows about +\pkgoption{dvips} and \pkgoption{dvipdfm} (\pkgoption{dvipdfm} also +serves for the extension \ProgName{dvipdfmx} and +\ProgName{xdvipdfmx}). + +If you're using \PDFLaTeX{}, \xetex{} or V\TeX{}, load with +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[program-option,...]{geometry} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +where \pkgoption{program-option} is \pkgoption{pdftex}, +\pkgoption{xetex} or \pkgoption{vtex}. + +The alternative, \Package{zwpagelayout} requires a \pkgoption{driver} +option: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[driver=value,...]{zwpagelayout} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(permissible \meta{values} are \pkgoption{pdftex}, \pkgoption{xetex} +and \pkgoption{dvips}; the default value is \pkgoption{unknown}). + +Needless to say, both the ``big'' classes (\Class{koma-script} and +\Class{memoir}) provide their own ways to get the paper size +``right''. + +The \Package{typearea} package is the \Class{Koma-script} +distribution's way of providing page layout functionality. Load it +with the \pkgoption{pagesize} option and it will ensure the correct +paper is selected, for \acro{PDF} output from \PDFLaTeX{}, and for +\PS{} output from \LaTeX{} via \ProgName{dvips}. + +\Class{Memoir} has the standard classes' paper-size selections +(\pkgoption{a4paper}, \pkgoption{letterpaper} and so on), but also +permits the user to choose an arbitrary paper size, by setting the +length registers \csx{stockheight} and \csx{stockwidth}. The commands +\csx{fixdvipslayout} (for \LaTeX{} processing), and \csx{fixpdflayout} +(for \PDFLaTeX{} processing) then instruct the processor to produce +output that specifies the necessary paper size. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[geometry.sty]\CTANref{geometry} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[typearea.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script}[typearea] +\item[zwpagelayout.sty]\CTANref{zwpagelayout} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-12-12} + +\Question[Q-changemargin]{Changing the margins in \LaTeX{}} + +Changing the layout of a document's text on the page involves several +subtleties not often realised by the beginner. There are interactions +between fundamental \TeX{} constraints, constraints related to the +design of \LaTeX{}, and good typesetting and design practice, that +mean that any change must be very carefully considered, both to ensure +that it ``works'' and to ensure that the result is pleasing to the +eye. + +\LaTeX{}'s defaults sometimes seem excessively conservative, +but there are sound reasons behind how Lamport designed the layouts +themselves, whatever one may feel about his overall design. For +example, the common request for ``one-inch margins all round on A4 +paper'' is fine for 10- or 12-pitch typewriters, but not for 10pt (or +even 11pt or 12pt) type because readers find such wide, dense, lines +difficult to read. There should ideally be no more than 75 characters +per line (though the constraints change for two-column text). + +So Lamport's warning to beginners in his section on `Customizing the +Style'~--- ``don't do it''~--- should not lightly be ignored. + +This set of \acro{FAQ}s recommends that you use a package to establish +consistent settings of the parameters: the interrelationships are +taken care of in the established packages, without you \emph{needing} +to think about them, but remember~--- the packages only provide +consistent, working, mechanisms: they don't analyse the quality of +what you propose to do. + +The following answers deal with the ways one may choose to proceed: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Qref*{Choose which package to use}{Q-marginpkgs}. +\item \Qref*{Find advice on setting up page layout by hand}{Q-marginmanual}. +\end{itemize} +There is a related question~--- how to change the layout +temporarily~--- and there's an answer that covers that, too: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Qref*{Change the margins on the fly}{Q-chngmargonfly}. +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-marginpkgs]{Packages to set up page designs} + +There are two trustworthy tools for adjusting the dimensions and position of the +printed material on the page are \Package{geometry} and the +\Package{zwpagelayout} packages; a very +wide range of adjustments of the layout may be relatively +straightforwardly programmed with either, and package documentation is good and +comprehensive. + +As is usual, users of the \Class{memoir} class have built-in +facilities for this task, and users of the \Class{KOMA-script} classes +are recommended to use an alternative package, \Package{typearea}. In +either case it is difficult to argue that users should go for +\Package{geometry}: both alternatives are good. + +The documentation both of \Package{geometry} and of +\Package{zwpagelayout} is rather overwhelming, and +learning all of of either package's capabilities is likely to be more +than you ever need. +The \Package{vmargin} package is somewhat simpler to use: it has a +canned set of paper sizes (a superset of that provided in \LaTeXe{}), +provision for custom paper, margin adjustments and provision for +two-sided printing. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[geometry.sty]\CTANref{geometry} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[layout.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[layout] +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[typearea.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script}[typearea] +\item[vmargin.sty]\CTANref{vmargin} +\item[zwpagelayout.sty]\CTANref{zwpagelayout} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-12-12} + +\Question[Q-marginmanual]{How to set up page layout ``by hand''} + +So you're eager to do it yourself, notwithstanding the cautions +\begin{flatversion} + outlined above (\Qref{}{Q-changemargin}). +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + outlined in ``\Qref{changing margins}{Q-changemargin}''. +\end{hyperversion} + +It's important that you first start by familiarising yourself +with LaTeX's page layout parameters. For example, see section C.5.3 of the +\LaTeX{} manual (pp.~181-182), or corresponding sections in many of the other +good \LaTeX{} manuals (see \Qref[question]{\LaTeX{} books}{Q-latex-books}). + +\LaTeX{} controls the page layout with a number of parameters, which +allow you to change the distance from the edges of a page to the left +and top edges of your typeset text, the width and height of the text, +and the placement of other text on the page. However, they are +somewhat complex, and it is easy to get their interrelationships wrong +when redefining the page layout. The layout package defines a +\csx{layout} command which draws a diagram of your existing page +layout, with the dimensions (but not their interrelationships) shown. + +Even changing the text height and width, \csx{textheight} and +\csx{textwidth}, requires more care than you might expect: the height +should be set to fit a whole number of text lines (in terms of +multiples of \csx{baselinskip}), and the width should be constrained +by the number of characters per line, as mentioned in % ! line break +``\Qref*{changing margins}{Q-changemargin}''. + +Margins are controlled by two parameters: \csx{oddsidemargin} and +\csx{evensidemargin}, whose names come from the convention that +odd-numbered pages appear on the right-hand side (`recto') of a +two-page spread and even-numbered pages on the left-hand side +(`verso'). Both parameters actually refer to the left-hand margin of +the relevant pages; in each case the right-hand margin is specified by +implication, from the value of \csx{textwidth} and the width of the +paper. (In a one-sided document, which is the default in many +classes, including the standard \Class{article} and \Class{report} +classes, \csx{oddsidemargin} stands for both.) + +The +``origin'' (the zero position) on the page is one inch from the top of +the paper and one inch from the left side; positive horizontal +measurements extend right across the page, and positive vertical +measurements extend down the page. Thus, the parameters +\csx{evensidemargin}, \csx{oddsidemargin} and \csx{topmargin}, should +be set to be 1~inch less than the true margin; for margins closer to +the left and top edges of the page than 1~inch, the margin parameters +must be set to negative values. + +\Question[Q-chngmargonfly]{Changing margins ``on the fly''} + +One of the surprises characteristic of \TeX{} use is that you cannot +change the width or height of the text within the document, simply by +modifying the text size parameters; \TeX{} can't change the text width +on the fly, and \LaTeX{} only ever looks at text height when starting +a new page. + +So the simple rule is that the parameters should only be +changed in the preamble of the document, i.e., before the +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document} statement (so before any typesetting has +happened. + +To adjust text width within a document we define an environment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{changemargin}[2]{% + \begin{list}{}{% + \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% + \setlength{\leftmargin}{#1}% + \setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}% + \setlength{\listparindent}{\parindent}% + \setlength{\itemindent}{\parindent}% + \setlength{\parsep}{\parskip}% + }% + \item[]}{\end{list}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The environment takes two arguments, and will indent the left and +right margins, respectively, by the parameters' values. Negative +values will cause the margins to be narrowed, so +\cmdinvoke{begin}{changemargin}{-1cm}{-1cm} narrows the left and right +margins by 1 centimetre. + +Given that \TeX{} can't do this, how does it work?~--- well, the +environment (which is a close relation of the \LaTeX{} +\environment{quote} environment) \emph{doesn't} change the text width +as far as \TeX{} is concerned: it merely moves text around inside the +width that \TeX{} believes in. + +The \Package{changepage} package provides ready-built commands to do +the above; it includes provision for changing the shifts applied to +your text according to whether you're on an odd (\emph{recto}) or an +even (\emph{verso}) page of a two-sided document. +\Package{Changepage}'s structure matches that of the \Class{memoir} +class. + +The (earlier) package \Package{chngpage} provides the same facilities, +but it uses rather different syntax. \Package{Changepage}'s structure +matches that of the \Class{memoir} class, and it should be used for +any new work. + +Changing the vertical dimensions of a page is more clumsy still: the +\LaTeX{} command \csx{enlargethispage} adjusts the size of the current +page by the size of its argument. Common uses are +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\enlargethispage{\baselineskip} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to make the page one line longer, or +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\enlargethispage{-\baselineskip} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to make the page one line shorter. The process is (to an extent) +simplified by the \Package{addlines} package: its \csx{addlines} +command takes as argument the \emph{number} of lines to add to the +page (rather than a length): the package documentation also provides a +useful analysis of when the command may (or may not) be expected to +work. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[addlines.sty]\CTANref{addlines} +\item[changepage.sty]\CTANref{changepage} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-nopageno]{How to get rid of page numbers} +\AliasQuestion{ps@empty} + +Very occasionally, one wants a document with no page numbers. For +such occasions, the package \Package{nopageno} will make +\cmdinvoke{pagestyle}{plain} have the same effect as +\cmdinvoke{pagestyle}{empty}; in simple documents, this will suppress +all page numbering (it will not work, of course, if the document uses +some other pagestyle than \environment{plain}). + +To suppress page numbers from a sequence of pages, you may use +\cmdinvoke{pagestyle}{empty} at the start of the sequence, and restore +the original page style at the end. Unfortunately, you still have to +deal with the page numbers on pages containing a \csx{maketitle}, +\csx{part} or \csx{chapter} command, since the standard classes; deal +with those separately, as described below. + +To suppress page numbers on a single page, use +\cmdinvoke{thispagestyle}{empty} somewhere within the text of the +page. Note that, in the standard classes, \csx{maketitle} and +\csx{chapter} use \csx{thispagestyle} internally, so your call +must be \emph{after} those commands. + +Unfortunately, \csx{thispagestyle} doesn't work for \Class{book} or +\Class{report} \csx{part} commands: they set the page style (as do +\csx{chapter} commands), but then they advance to the next page so +that you have no opportunity to change the style using +\csx{thispagestyle}. The present author has proposed solving the +problem with the following ``grubby little patch'', on +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\let\sv@endpart\@endpart +\def\@endpart{\thispagestyle{empty}\sv@endpart} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Fortunately, that patch has now been incorporated in a small package +\Package{nonumonpart} (a difficult name\dots) + +Both the \Class{KOMA-script} classes and \Class{memoir} have separate +page styles for the styles of various ``special'' pages, so, in a +\Class{KOMA} class document one might say: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*{\titlepagestyle}{empty} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +while \Class{memoir} will do the job with +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{aliaspagestyle}{title}{empty} +\end{quote} + +An alternative (in all classes) is to use the rather delightful +\cmdinvoke{pagenumbering}{gobble}; this has the simple effect that any +attempt to print a page number produces nothing, so there's no issue +about preventing any part of \LaTeX{} from printing the number. +However, the \csx{pagenumbering} command does have the side effect that +it resets the page number (to 1), so it is unlikely to be helpful +other than at the beginning of a document. + +The \Package{scrpage2} package separates out the representation of the +page number (it typesets the number using the \csx{pagemark} command) from +the construction of the page header and footer; so one can say +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*{\pagemark}{} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will also suppress the printing of the page number. + +Neither of these ``suppress the page number'' techniques touches the +page style in use; in practice this means they don't make sense unless +you are using \cmdinvoke{pagestyle}{plain} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fancyhdr.sty]\CTANref{fancyhdr} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[nonumonpart.sty]\CTANref{nonumonpart} +\item[nopageno.sty]\CTANref{nopageno} +\item[scrpage2.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-04-16} + +\Question[Q-crop]{How to create crop marks} + +If you're printing something that's eventually to be reproduced in +significant quantities, and bound, it's conventional to print on paper +larger than your target product, and to place ``crop marks'' outside +the printed area. These crop marks are available to the production +house, for lining up reproduction and trimming machines. + +You can save yourself the (considerable) trouble of programming these +marks for yourself by using the package \Package{crop}, which has +facilities to satisfy any conceivable production house. Users of the +\Class{memoir} class don't need the package, since \Class{memoir} has +its own facilities for programming crop marks. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[crop.sty]\CTANref{crop} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-watermark]{`Watermarks' on every page} + +It's often useful to place some text (such as `DRAFT') in the +background of every page of a document. For \LaTeX{} users, the +simplest way to do this uses the \Package{draftcopy} package. This +can deal with +many types of \acro{DVI} processors (in the same way that the graphics +package does) and knows translations for the word `DRAFT' into a wide +range of languages (though you can choose your own word, too). +Unfortunately, however, the package relies on \PS{} specials, and will +therefore fail if you are viewing your document with \ProgName{xdvi}, +and won't even compile if you're using \PDFLaTeX{}. (\PDFLaTeX{} +users need one of the other solutions below.) + +The \Package{wallpaper} package builds on \Package{eso-pic} (see +below). Apart from the single-image backdrops described above +(``wallpapers'', of course, to this package), the package provides +facilities for tiling images. All its commands come in pairs: one for +``general'' use, and one applying to the current page only. + +The \Package{draftwatermark} package uses the same author's +\Package{everypage} package to provide a simple interface for adding +textual (`DRAFT'-like) watermarks. + +The \Package{xwatermark} package provides very flexible watermarking, +with a ``modern'' (key-value) interface. + +More elaborate watermarks may be achieved using the \Package{eso-pic} +package, or by using \Package{everypage} (see below). +\Package{Eso-pic} attaches a \environment{picture} environment to +every page as it is shipped out; the user can put things into that +environment: the package provides commands for placing things at +certain useful points (like ``text upper left'' or ``text centre'') in +the picture, but the user is at liberty to do what he or she likes. + +\Package{Eso-pic} is, in turn, built upon the package +\Package{atbegshi}. That package has the capability to produce +watermarks \emph{on top of} the other material on the page; this +doesn't sound very ``watermark-like'', but can be useful on pages +where the watermark would otherwise be hidden by graphics or the +like. The \Package{atbegshi} command that \Package{eso-pic} uses is +\csx{AtBeginShipoutUpperLeft}; \csx{AtBeginShipoutUpperLeftForeground} +is what's needed instead to place the material on top of the rest of +the content of the page. + +\Package{Everypage} allows you to add ``something'' to every page, or +to a particular page; you therefore need to construct your own +apparatus for anything complicated. + +Finally, one can use the \ProgName{pdftk} untility; with it, the +command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +pdftk a.pdf background b.pdf output c.pdf +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will recreate \File{a.pdf} as \File{c.pdf}, having used the first page +of \File{b.pdf} as background on every page. If you have a standard +background (``DRAFT'' or ``SECRET'', or whatever) used in several +files, \ProgName{pdftk} might well be attractive. + +\ProgName{Pdftk} is available as a command line tool; it is available +in most linux distritbutions, but may be downloaded from its +% ! line break +\href{http://www.pdflabs.com/tools/pdftk-the-pdf-toolkit/}{home site} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[atbegshi.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[atbegshi] +\item[draftcopy.sty]\CTANref{draftcopy} +\item[draftwatermark.sty]\CTANref{draftwatermark} +\item[eso-pic.sty]\CTANref{eso-pic} +\item[everypage.sty]\CTANref{everypage} +\item[everyshi.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ms}[everyshi] +\item[wallpaper.sty]\CTANref{wallpaper} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-landscape]{Typesetting things in landscape orientation} + +It's often necessary to typeset part of a document in landscape +orientation; to achieve this, one needs not only to change the page +dimensions, but also to instruct the output device to print the +strange page differently. + +There are two ``ordinary'' mechanisms for doing two slight variations +of landscape typesetting: +\begin{itemize} +\item If you have a single floating object that is wider than it is + deep, and will only fit on the page in landscape orientation, use + the \Package{rotating} package; this defines + \environment{sidewaysfigure} and \environment{sidewaystable} + environments which create floats that occupy a whole page. + + Note that \Package{rotating} has problems in a document that also + loads the \Package{float} package, which recommended in other + answers in these \acro{FAQ}s, for example that on + \Qref*{float placement}{Q-floats}. The \Package{rotfloat} package + loads \Package{rotating} for you, and smooths the interaction with + \Package{float}. +\item If you have a long sequence of things that need to be typeset in + landscape (perhaps a code listing, a wide \environment{tabbing} + environment, or a huge table typeset using \Package{longtable} or + \Package{supertabular}), use the \Package{lscape} package (or + \Package{pdflscape} if you're generating \acro{PDF} output, whether + using \PDFLaTeX{} or \ProgName{dvips} and generating \acro{PDF} from + that). Both packages define an environment \environment{landscape}, which + clears the current page and restarts typesetting in landscape + orientation (and clears the page at the end of the environment + before returning to portrait orientation). +\end{itemize} +No currently available package makes direct provision for typesetting +in both portrait and landscape orientation on the same page (it's not +the sort of thing that \TeX{} is well set-up to do). If such +behaviour was an absolute necessity, one might use the techniques +described in +% beware line-wrap +\Qref[question]{"flowing text around figures"}{Q-textflow}, and would +rotate the landscape portion using the rotation facilities of the +\Package{graphics} package. (Returning from landscape to portrait +orientation would be somewhat easier: the portrait part of the page +would be a bottom float at the end of the landscape section, with its +content rotated.) + +To set an entire document in landscape orientation, one might use +\Package{lscape} around the whole document. A better option is the +\pkgoption{landscape} option of the \Package{geometry} package; if you +also give it \pkgoption{dvips} or \pkgoption{pdftex} option, +\Package{geometry} also emits the rotation instructions to cause the +output to be properly oriented. The \Class{memoir} class has the same +facilities, in this respect, as does \Package{geometry}. + +A word of warning: most current \TeX{} previewers do not honour +rotation requests in \acro{DVI} files. +%% (the exception is +%% (the exceptions are the +%% \begin{htmlversion} +%% (\Qref{commercial}{Q-commercial}) \YandY{} previewer +%% \ProgName{dviwindo}, +%% \end{htmlversion} +%% \htmlignore +%% (commercial) \YandY{} previewer \ProgName{dviwindo} +%% (\Qref{}{Q-commercial}), +%% \endhtmlignore +%% and +%% the fp\TeX{} previewer Win\acro{DVI}). If your previewer is not +%% capable of rotation, +Your best bet is to convert your output to \PS{} or to \acro{PDF}, and +to view these `final' forms with an appropriate viewer. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[geometry.sty]\CTANref{geometry} +\item[graphics.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{graphics} +\item[longtable.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[longtable] +\item[lscape.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{graphics}[lscape] +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[pdflscape.sty]Distributed with Heiko Oberdiek's packages + \CTANref{oberdiek}[pdflscape] +\item[rotating.sty]\CTANref{rotating} +\item[rotfloat.sty]\CTANref{rotfloat} +\item[supertabular.sty]\CTANref{supertabular} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-abspos]{Putting things at fixed positions on the page} + +\TeX{}'s model of the world is (broadly speaking) that the author +writes text, and \TeX{} and its macros decide how it all fits on the +page. This is not good news for the author who has, from whatever +source, a requirement that certain things go in exactly the right +place on the page. + +There \emph{are} places on the page, from which things may be hung, +and two \LaTeX{} packages allow you position things relative to such +points, thus providing a means of absolute positioning. + +The \Package{textpos} package aids the construction of pages from +``blobs'', dotted around over the page (as in a poster); you give it +the location, and it places your typeset box accordingly. + +The \Package{eso-pic} defines a ``shipout picture'' that covers the +page. The user may add \environment{picture}-mode commands to this +picture, which of course can include box placements as well as the +other rather stilted commands of \environment{picture}-mode. +(\Package{Eso-pic} requires the services of \Package{everyshi}, which +must therefore also be available.) +% +% Fortunately, in the \LaTeX{} world at least, there \emph{is} a fixed +% point on every page, to whit the page header. The package +% \Package{textpos} latches bits of typesetting to locations you +% specify, by fixing them to the page header, and thereby solves the +% problem. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[eso-pic.sty]\CTANref{eso-pic} +\item[everyshi.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ms}[everyshi] +\item[textpos.sty]\CTANref{textpos} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-nopagebrk]{Preventing page breaks between lines} + +One commonly requires that a block of typeset material be kept on the +same page; it turns out to be surprisingly tricky to arrange this. + +\LaTeX{} provides a \environment{samepage} environment which claims it +does this sort of thing for you. It proceeds by setting infinite +penalties for all sorts of page-break situations; but in many +situations where you want to prevent a page break, +\environment{samepage} doesn't help. If you're trying to keep running +text together, you need to end the paragraph inside the environment +(see \Qref[question]{preserving paragraph parameters}{Q-paraparam}). +Also, if the things you are trying to keep together insert their own +pagebreak hints, \environment{samepage} has no power over them (though +list items' attempts~--- they suggest page breaks between items~--- +are subverted by \environment{samepage}). Naturally, if +\environment{samepage} \emph{does} work, it is capable of leaving +stuff jutting out at the bottom of the page. + +Another convenient trick is to set all the relevant stuff in a +\csx{parbox} (or a \environment{minipage} if it contains things like +verbatim text that may not be used in the argument of a \csx{parbox}). +The resulting box certainly \emph{won't} break between pages, but +that's not to say that it will actually do what you want it to do: +again, the box may be left jutting out at the bottom of the page. + +Why do neither of these obvious things work?~--- Because \TeX{} can't +really distinguish between infinitely awful things. +\environment{Samepage} will make any possible break point ``infinitely +bad'' and boxes don't even offer the option of breaks, but if the +alternative is the leave an infinitely bad few centimetres of blank +paper at the bottom of the page, \TeX{} will take the line of least +resistance and do nothing. + +This problem still arises even if you have \csx{raggedbottom} in +effect: \TeX{} doesn't notice the value of \emph{that} until it starts +actually shipping a page out. One approach is to set: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\raggedbottom +\addtolength{\topskip}{0pt plus 10pt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \texttt{10pt} offers a hint to the output routine that the column is +stretchable; this will cause \TeX{} to be more tolerant of the need to +stretch while building the page. If you're doing this as a temporary +measure, cancel the change to \csx{topskip} by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\addtolength{\topskip}{0pt plus-10pt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +as well as resetting \csx{flushbottom}. (Note that the \texttt{10pt} never +actually shows up, because it is overwhelmed when the page is shipped +out by the stretchability introduced by \csx{raggedbottom}; however, it +could well have an effect if \csx{flushbottom} was in effect.) + +An alternative (which derives from a suggestion by Knuth in the +\TeX{}book) is the package \Package{needspace} or the \Class{memoir} class, +which both define a command \csx{needspace} whose argument tells it +what space is needed. If the space isn't available, the current page +is cleared, and the matter that needs to be kept together will be +inserted on the new page. For example, if 4~lines of text need to be +kept together, the sequence +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\par +\needspace{4\baselineskip} +% the stuff that must stay together +<text generating lines 1-4> +% now stuff we don't mind about +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Yet another trick by Knuth is useful if you have a sequence of small +blocks of text that need, individually, to be kept on their own page. +Insert the command \csx{filbreak} before each small block, and the +effect is achieved. The technique can be used in the case of +sequences of \LaTeX{}-style sections, by incorporating \csx{filbreak} +into the definition of a command (as in % beware line break +\Qref[question]{patching commands}{Q-patch}). A simple and effective +patch would be: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\oldsubsubsection=\subsubsection +\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{% + \filbreak + \oldsubsubsection +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +While the trick works for consecutive sequences of blocks, it's +slightly tricky to get out of such sequences unless the sequence is +interrupted by a forced page break (such as \csx{clearpage}, which may +be introduced by a \csx{chapter} command, or the end of the document). +If the sequence is not interrupted, the last block is likely to be +forced onto a new page, regardless of whether it actually needs it. + +If one is willing to accept that not everything can be accomplished +totally automatically, the way to go is to typeset the document and to +check for things that have the potential to give trouble. In such a +scenario (which has Knuth's authority behind it, if one is to believe +the rather few words he says on the subject in the \TeX{}book) one can +decide, case by case, how to deal with problems at the last +proof-reading stage. At this stage, you can manually alter page +breaking, using either \csx{pagebreak} or \csx{clearpage}, or you can +place a \csx{nopagebreak} command to suppress unfortunate breaks. +Otherwise, you can make small adjustments to the page geometry, using +\csx{enlargethispage}. Supposing you have a line or two that stray: +issue the command \cmdinvoke{enlargethispage}{2\csx{baselineskip}} and +two lines are added to the page you're typesetting. Whether this +looks impossibly awful or entirely acceptable depends on the document +context, but the command remains a useful item in the armoury. + +Note that both \csx{pagebreak} and \csx{nopagebreak} take an optional +number argument to adjust how the command is to be interpreted. Thus +\cmdinvoke{pagebreak}[0], the command `suggests' that a page break +might be worth doing, whereas \cmdinvoke{pagebreak}[4] `demands' a +page break. Similarly \cmdinvoke{nopagebreak}[0] makes a suggestion, +while \cmdinvoke{nopagebreak}[4] is a demand. In both commands, the +default value of the optional argument is 4. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[needspace.sty]\CTANref{needspace} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-parallel]{Parallel setting of text} + +It's commonly necessary to present text in two languages `together' on a +page, or on a two-page spread. For this to be satisfactory, one usually +needs some sort of alignment between the two texts. + +The \Package{parallel} package satisfies the need, permitting +typesetting in two columns (not necessarily of the same width) on one +page, or on the two opposing pages of a two-page spread. Use can be +as simple as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{parallel} +... +\begin{Parallel}{<left-width>}{<right-width} + \ParallelLText{left-text} + \ParallelRText{right-text} + \ParallelPar + ... +\end{Parallel} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\Package{Parallel} can get terribly confused with colour changes, in +\PDFTeX{}; the indefatigable Heiko Oberdiek has a patch for this +issue~--- the \Package{pdfcolparallel} package, which maintains +separate colour stacks for the columns. + +The \Package{parcolumns} package can (in principle) deal with any +number of columns: the documentation shows its use with three +columns. Usage is rather similar to that of \Package{parallel}, +though there is of course a ``number of columns to specify'': +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{parcolumns} +... +\begin{parcolumns}[<options>]{3} + \colchunk{<Column 1 text>} + \colchunk{<Column 2 text>} + \colchunk{<Column 3 text>} + \colplacechunks + ... +\end{parcolumns} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \meta{options} can specify the widths of the columns, whether to +place rules between the columns, whether to set the columns sloppy, +etc. Again, there are issues with colours, which are addressed by the +\Package{pdfcolparcolumns} package. + +The \Package{ledpar} package is distributed with (and integrated with) +the \Qref{\Package{ledmac} package}{Q-linenos}. It provides parallel +setting carefully integrated with the needs of a scholarly text, +permitting translation, or notes, or both, to be set in parallel with +the `base' text of the document. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ledpar.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{ledmac} +\item[parallel.sty]\CTANref{parallel} +\item[parcolumns.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{sauerj}[parcolumns] +\item[pdfcolparallel.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[pdfcolparallel] +\item[pdfcolparcolumns.sty]pdfcolparcolumns] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-epigraph]{Typesetting epigraphs} + +Epigraphs are those neat quotations that authors put at the start of +chapters (or even at the end of chapters: Knuth puts things at the +ends of chapters of the \TeX{}book). + +Typesetting them is a bit of a fiddle, but not impossible to do for +yourself. Fortunately, there are two packages that do the job, to +some extent; there are also facilities in the two ``big'' classes +(\Class{memoir} and \Class{koma-script}. + +The \Package{epigraph} package defines an \csx{epigraph} command, for +creating a single +epigraph (as at the top of a chapter): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\chapter{The Social Life of Rabbits} +\epigraph{Oh! My ears and whiskers!}% + {Lewis Carroll} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and an epigraphs environment, for entering more than one epigraph +consecutively, in a sort of list introduced by \csx{qitem} commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{epigraphs} +\qitem{What I tell you three times is true}% + {Lewis Carroll} +\qitem{Oh listen do, I'm telling you!}% + {A.A. Milne} +\end{epigraphs} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \csx{epigraphhead} command enables you to place your epigraph +\emph{above} a chapter header: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} +... +\chapter{The Social Life of Rabbits} +\epigraphhead[<distance>]{% + \epigraph{Oh! My ears and whiskers!}% + {Lewis Carroll}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \meta{distance} says how far above the chapter heading the +epigraph is to go; it's expressed in terms of the \csx{unitlength} +that's used in the \environment{picture} environment; the package's +author recommends \texttt{70pt}. + +The package also offers various tricks for adjusting the layout of +chapter header (necessary if you've found a hugely long quotation for +an \csx{epigraphhead}), for patching the bibliography, for patching +\csx{part} pages, and so on. (Some of these suggested patches lead you +through writing your own package\dots{}) + +The \Package{quotchap} package redefines chapter headings (in a +moderately striking way), and provides an environment +\environment{savequotes} in which you can provide one (or more) +quotations to use as epigraphs. The facilities seem not as flexible +as those of \Package{epigraph}, but it's probably easier to use. + +The \Class{memoir} class offers all the facilities of the +\Package{epigraph} package. The \Class{Koma-script} classes have +commands \csx{setchapterpreamble} and \csx{dictum} to provide these +facilities. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[epigraph.sty]\CTANref{epigraph} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[quotchap.sty]\CTANref{quotchap} +\end{ctanrefs} + +% \Question[Q-outszwrng]{\AllTeX{} \acro{PDF} output prints at wrong size} + +% Having got everything \emph{else} right, you should be aware that the +% problem may have nothing to do with \AllTeX{} and everything to do +% with the program you use for printing. A regular cause for such +% problems lies with Acrobat Reader, which by default enables its option +% to scale pages to fit on the printable area of the paper. Since a +% printer can rarely print right to the edge, this means that pdf-files +% will be shrunk by some (small) factor (even if the pdf-file is +% formatted for A4, and your paper size is set to A4 as well). + +% Correcting this silliness is not very hard, but the exact details +% depend on the version of Acrobat Reader (or "Adobe Reader" from +% version 6.0 onwards) you have installed: +% \begin{itemize} +% \item Mac OS X, Adobe Reader 6:\\ +% in the print dialogue, on the ``copies \& pages'' pane, you'll find a +% popup menu titled ``Page Scaling''. Make sure that the menu reads +% ``None''. +% \item Windows, Adobe Reader 6:\\ +% in the print dialogue, select ``None'' from the drop-down list +% ``Page Scaling''. +% \item Windows, Linux Acrobat (Reader) 5.0:\\ +% In the print dialog, make sure the ``Shrink oversized pages to fit'' +% checkbox is unchecked. It may also be useful to uncheck the +% ``Expand small pages to fit paper size'' checkbox as well. +%\end{itemize} + +\subsection{Spacing of characters and lines} + +\Question[Q-linespace]{Double-spaced documents in \LaTeX{}} + +A quick and easy way of getting inter-line space for copy-editing is +to change \csx{baselinestretch}~--- \cmdinvoke{linespread}{1.2} (or, +equivalently \cmdinvoke{renewcommand}{\csx{baselinestretch}}{1.2}) may +be adequate. Note that \csx{baselinestretch} changes don't take +effect until you select a new font, so make the change in the preamble +before any font is selected. Don't try changing \csx{baselineskip}: +its value is reset at any size-changing command so that results will +be inconsistent. + +For preference (and certainly for a production document, such as a +dissertation or an article submission), use a line-spacing package. +The only one currently supported is \Package{setspace} (do \emph{not} +be tempted by \Package{doublespace}~--- its performance under current +\LaTeX{} is at best problematical). \Package{Setspace} switches off +double-spacing at places where even the most die-hard official would +doubt its utility (footnotes, figure captions, and so on); it's very +difficult to do this consistently if you're manipulating +\csx{baselinestretch} yourself. + +Of course, the real solution (other than for private copy editing) is +\emph{not} to use double-spacing at all. Universities, in particular, +have no excuse for specifying double-spacing in submitted +dissertations: \LaTeX{} is a typesetting system, not a +typewriter-substitute, and can (properly used) make single-spaced text +even more easily readable than double-spaced typewritten text. If you +have any influence on your university's system (for example, through +your dissertation supervisor), it may be worth attempting to get the +rules changed (at least to permit a ``well-designed book'' format). + +Double-spaced submissions are also commonly required when submitting +papers to conferences or journals. Fortunately (judging by the +questions from users in this author's department), this demand is +becoming less common. + +Documentation of \Package{setspace} appears as \TeX{} comments in the +package file itself. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[setspace.sty]\CTANref{setspace} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-letterspace]{Changing the space between letters} + +A common technique in advertising copy (and other text whose actual +content need not actually be \emph{read}) is to alter the space +between the letters (otherwise known as the tracking). As a general +rule, this is a very bad idea: it detracts from legibility, which is +contrary to the principles of typesetting (any respectable font you +might be using should already have optimum tracking built into it). + +The great type designer, Eric Gill, is credited with saying ``he who +would letterspace lower-case text, would steal sheep''. (The +attribution is probably apocryphal: others are also credited with the +remark. Stealing sheep was, in the 19th century, a capital offence in +Britain.) As the remark suggests, though, letterspacing of upper-case +text is less awful a crime; the technique used also to be used for +emphasis of text set in Fraktur (or similar) fonts. + +Straightforward macros (usable, in principle, with any \TeX{} macro +package) may be found in \Package{letterspacing} (which is the name of +the \extension{tex} file). + +%%% the package has a serious bug in it, so suppress mention pro tem +%The \Package{tracking} package has similar facilities. + +A more comprehensive solution is to be found in the \Package{soul} +package (which is optimised for use with \LaTeX{}, but also works with +\plaintex{}). Soul also permits hyphenation of letterspaced text; +Gill's view of such an activity is not (even apocryphally) recorded. +(Spacing-out forms part of the name of \Package{soul}; the other half +is described in \Qref[question]{another question}{Q-underline}.) + +Possibly the `ultimate' in this field is the \Package{microtype}, +which uses the micro-typography capabilities of current \PDFTeX{} to +provide a \csx{textls} command, which operates according to parameters +declared in a \csx{SetTracking} command. \Package{Microtype}'s +`tracking' facility expands the natural spacing of the font itself, +rather than inserting space between characters. Ordinarily, +letter-spacing will destroy ligatures; however, this is \emph{wrong} +for some font styles (for example, \FontName{fraktur}), and the +package provides a means of protecting the ligatures in a +letter-spaced text. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[letterspacing.tex]\CTANref{letterspacing} +\item[microtype.sty]\CTANref{microtype} +\item[soul.sty]\CTANref{soul} +%\item[tracking.sty]\CTANref{tracking} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-ragright]{Setting text ragged right} + +The trick with typesetting ragged right is to be sure you've told the +\TeX{} engine ``make this paragraph ragged, but never \emph{too} +ragged''. The \LaTeX{} \csx{raggedright} command (and the +corresponding \environment{flushleft} environment) has a tendency to +miss the ``never'' part, and will often create ridiculously short +lines, for some minor benefit later in the paragraph. The +\plaintex{} version of the command doesn't suffer this failing, but +is rather conservative: it is loath to create too large a gap at the +end of the line, but in some circumstances~--- such as where +\Qref*{hyphenation is suppressed}{Q-hyphoff}~--- painfully large gaps +may sometimes be required. + +Martin Schr\"oder's \Package{ragged2e} package offers the best of both +worlds: it provides raggedness which is built on the \plaintex{} +model, but which is easily configurable. It defines easily-remembered +command (e.g., \csx{RaggedRight}) and environment (e.g., +\environment{FlushLeft}) names that are simply capitalised +transformations of the \LaTeX{} kernel originals. The documentation +discusses the issues and explains the significance of the various +parameters of \Package{ragged2e}'s operation. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ragged2e.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ms}[ragged2e] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-flushboth]{Cancelling \csx{ragged} commands} + +\LaTeX{} provides commands \csx{raggedright} and \csx{raggedleft}, but +none to cancel their effect. The \csx{centering} command is +implemented in the same way as the \csx{ragged*} commands, and suffers +in the same way. + +The following code (to be inserted in a package of your own, or as +\nothtml{internal \LaTeX{} code~---}% beware line break +\Qref{internal \LaTeX{} code}{Q-atsigns}) defines a command that +restores flush justification at both margins: +\begin{verbatim} +\def\flushboth{% + \let\\\@normalcr + \@rightskip\z@skip \rightskip\@rightskip + \leftskip\z@skip + \parindent 1.5em\relax} +\end{verbatim} +There's a problem with the setting of \csx{parindent} in the code: it's +necessary because both the \csx{ragged} commands set \csx{parindent} to +zero, but the setting isn't a constant of nature: documents using a +standard \LaTeX{} class with \pkgoption{twocolumn} option will have +\texttt{1.0em} by default, and there's no knowing what you (or some +other class) will have done. + +Any but a really old copy of Martin Schr\"oder's \Package{ragged2e} +package has a \csx{justifying} command to match its % ! line break +\Qref*{versions of the \LaTeX{} `ragged' commands}{Q-ragright}. The +package also provides a \environment{justify} environment, which +permits areas of justified text in a larger area which is ragged. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ragged2e.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ms}[ragged2e] +\end{ctanrefs} +% this package hasn't materialised, for some reason i don't now +% remember... +%% Donald Arseneau's \Package{flushboth} package provides this code, and +%% preserves a sensible value for \csx{parindent} (at begin document). +%% This still doesn't protect it against any change you might make to +%% \csx{parindent} within the body of your document. +%% \begin{ctanrefs} +%% \item[flushboth.sty]\CTANref{flushboth} +%% \end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Typesetting specialities} + +\Question[Q-verbfile]{Including a file verbatim in \LaTeX{}} + +A good way is to use Rainer Sch\"opf's \Package{verbatim} package, +which provides a command \csx{verbatiminput} that takes a file name as +argument: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{verbatim} +... +\verbatiminput{verb.txt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Another way is to use the \environment{alltt} environment, which +requires the \Package{alltt} package. The environment interprets its +contents `mostly' verbatim, but executes any \AllTeX{} commands it +finds: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{alltt} +... +\begin{alltt} +\input{verb.txt} +\end{alltt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +of course, this is little use for inputting \AllTeX{} source +code\dots{} + +The \Package{moreverb} package extends the \Package{verbatim} package, +providing a \environment{listing} environment and a \csx{listinginput} +command, which line-number the text of the file. The package also has +a \csx{verbatimtabinput} command, that honours \acro{TAB} characters in +the input (the package's \environment{listing} environment and the +\csx{listinginput} command also both honour \acro{TAB}). + +The \Package{sverb} package provides verbatim input (without recourse +to the facilities of the \Package{verbatim} package): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{sverb} +... +\verbinput{verb.txt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The \Package{fancyvrb} package offers configurable implementations of +everything \Package{verbatim}, \Package{sverb} and \Package{moreverb} +have, and more besides. It is nowadays the package of choice for the +discerning typesetter of verbatim text, but its wealth of facilities +makes it a complex beast and study of the documentation is strongly +advised. + +The \Class{memoir} class includes the relevant functionality of the +\Package{verbatim} and \Package{moreverb} packages. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[alltt.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution. +\item[fancyvrb.sty]\CTANref{fancyvrb} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[moreverb.sty]\CTANref{moreverb} +\item[sverb.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[sverb] +\item[verbatim.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[verbatim] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-linenos]{Including line numbers in typeset output} + +For general numbering of lines, there are two packages for use with +\LaTeX{}, \Package{lineno} (which permits labels attached to +individual lines of typeset output) and \Package{numline}. +(\Package{Numline} is considered obsolete, but remains available from +the archive.) + +Both of these packages play fast and loose with the \LaTeX{} output +routine, which can cause problems: the user should beware\dots{} + +If the requirement is for numbering verbatim text, \Package{moreverb}, +or \Package{fancyvrb} (see % ! line break +\Qref[question]{including files verbatim}{Q-verbfile}) may be used. +Class \Class{memoir} also provides the necessary facilities. + +One common use of line numbers is in critical editions of texts, and +for this the \Package{edmac} package offers comprehensive support; +\Package{ledmac} is a \LaTeX{} port of \Package{edmac}. + +The \Package{vruler} package sidesteps many of the problems associated +with line-numbering, by offering (as its name suggests) a rule that +numbers positions on the page. The effect is good, applied to +even-looking text, but is poor in texts that involve breaks such as +interpolated mathematics or figures. Documentation of the package, in +the package itself, is pretty tough going, though there is an example +(also inside the package file). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[edmac]\CTANref{edmac} +\item[fancyvrb.sty]\CTANref{fancyvrb} +\item[ledmac.sty]\CTANref{ledmac} +\item[lineno.sty]\CTANref{lineno} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[moreverb.sty]\CTANref{moreverb} +\item[numline.sty]\CTANref{numline} +\item[vruler.sty]\CTANref{vruler} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-codelist]{Code listings in \LaTeX{}} + +`Pretty' code listings are sometimes considered worthwhile by the +``ordinary'' programmer, but they have a serious place in +the typesetting of dissertations by computer science and other +students who are expected to write programs. Simple verbatim listings +of programs are commonly useful, as well. + +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{Verbatim listings}{Q-verbfile} are dealt with elsewhere, +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + Verbatim listings are dealt with elsewhere (\Qref{}{Q-verbfile}), +\end{flatversion} +as is the problem of % ! line break +\Qref*{typesetting algorithm specifications}{Q-algorithms}. + +The \Package{listings} package is widely regarded as the best bet for +formatted output (it is capable of parsing program source, within the +package itself), but there are several well-established packages that +rely on a pre-compiler of some sort. You may use \Package{listings} +to typeset snippets that you include within your source: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{language=C} +... +\begin{document} +\begin{lstlisting} +#include <stdio.h> + +int main(int argc, char ** argv) +{ + printf("Hello world!\n"); + return 0; +} +\end{lstlisting} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or you can have it typeset whole files: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{language=C} +... +\begin{document} +\lstinputlisting{main.c} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +These very simple examples may be decorated in a huge variety of ways, +and of course there are other languages in the package's vocabulary +than just \ProgName{C}\dots{} + +For a long time, advice on \AllTeX{} lists seemed to regard +\Package{listings} as the be-all and end-all on this topic. In the +last few years, viable alternatives have appeared + +\ProgName{Highlight} is attractive if you need more than one output +format for your program: as well as \AllTeX{} output, +\ProgName{highlight} will produce (\acro{X})\acro{HTML}, \acro{RTF} +and \acro{XSL}-\acro{FO} representations of your program listing. The +manual leads you through the details of defining a parameter file for +a ``new'' language, as well as the presentation details of a language. + +The \Package{minted} package is another alternative that offers +the means of creating new language definitions. It +requires that code be processed using an external (\ProgName{python}) +script, \href{http://pygments.org/}{\ProgName{Pygments}}. +\ProgName{Pygments}, in turn, needs a ``lexer'' that knows the +language you want to process; lots of these are available, for the +more commonly-used languages, and there is advice on ``rolling your +own'' on the % ! line break. +<a href='http://pygments.org/docs/lexerdevelopment/'>\ProgName{Pygments} site</a> + +Usage of \Package{minted} can be as simple as +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{begin}{minted}{\meta{language}}\\ + \dots{}\\ + \cmdinvoke{end}{minted} +\end{quote} +which processes the program code dynamically, at typesetting time~--- +though such usage is likely to require that % ! line break +\Qref*{separate processing be enabled}{Q-spawnprog}. + +Longer-established, and variously less ``powerful'' systems include: +\begin{itemize} +\item The \ProgName{lgrind} system is a well-established + pre-compiler, with all the facilities one might need and a wide + repertoire of languages; it is derived from the even + longer-established \ProgName{tgrind}, whose output is based on + \plaintex{}. +\item The \ProgName{tiny_c2l} system is slightly more recent: users + are again encouraged to generate their own driver files for + languages it doesn't already deal with, but its ``tiny'' name + correctly hints that it's not a particularly elaborate system. +\item The \ProgName{C++2LaTeX} system comes with strong + recommendations for use with \acro{C} and \acro{C}++. +\item An extremely simple system is \ProgName{c2latex}, for which you + write \LaTeX{} source in your \acro{C} program comments. The + program then converts your program into a \LaTeX{} document for + processing. The program (implicitly) claims to be + ``self-documenting''. +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[c2latex]\CTANref{c2latex} +\item[C++2LaTeX]\CTANref{c++2latex} +\item[highlight]\CTANref{highlight} +\item[lgrind]\CTANref{lgrind} +\item[listings.sty]\CTANref{listings} +\item[minted.sty]\CTANref{minted} +\item[tgrind]\CTANref{tgrind} +\item[tiny\_c2l]\CTANref{tiny_c2l} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} + +\Question[Q-algorithms]{Typesetting pseudocode in \LaTeX{}} + +There is no consensus on the `right' way to typeset pseudocode. +Consequently, there are a variety of \LaTeX{} packages to choose from +for producing \ae{}sthetically pleasing pseudocode listings. + +Pseudocode differs from actual program listings in that it lacks +strict syntax and semantics. Also, because pseudocode is supposed to +be a clear expression of an algorithm it may need to incorporate +mathematical notation, figures, tables, and other \LaTeX{} features +that do not appear in conventional programming languages. +\begin{wideversion} % hyper? + \Qref{Typesetting program listings}{Q-codelist} is described + elsewhere. +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} % non-hyper + Typesetting program listings is described elsewhere + (\Qref{}{Q-codelist}). +\end{narrowversion} + +You can certainly create your own environment for typesetting +pseudocode using, for example, the \environment{tabbing} or +\environment{list} environments~--- it's not difficult, but it may +prove boring. So it's worth trying the following packages, all +designed specifically for typesetting pseudocode. + +The \Package{algorithms} bundle (which contains packages +\Package{algorithm} and \Package{algorithmic}, both of which are +needed for ordinary use) has a simple interface and produces fairly +nice output. It provides primitives for statements, which can contain +arbitrary \LaTeX{} commands, comments, and a set of iterative and +conditional constructs. These primitives can easily be redefined to +produce different text in the output. However, there is no support +for adding new primitives. Typesetting the pseudocode itself is +performed in \Package{algorithmic}; the \Package{algorithms} package +uses the facilities of the \Package{float} package to number +algorithms sequentially, enable algorithms to float like figures or +tables, and support including a List of Algorithms in a document's +front matter. + +Packages in the \Package{algorithmicx} bundle are similar both in +concept and output form to \Package{algorithmic} but additionally +provide support for adding new keywords and altering the formatting. +It provides the \Package{algpseudocode} package which is (almost) a +drop-in replacement for \Package{algorithmic}. Another package in the +bundle, \Package{algpascal}, uses Pascal-like keywords, indents +differently from \Package{algpseudocode}, and puts command arguments +in maths mode instead of text mode. There is no floating environment +but \Package{algorithmicx}, like \Package{algorithmic}, is compatible +with the \Package{algorithm} package. (There have been reports of +difficulty defining new commands to fit with the package; +unfortunately, the author is not available to comment.) + +The \Package{alg} package, like \Package{algorithms}, offers a +floating algorithm environment with all of the ensuing niceties. +\Package{alg}, however, can caption its floats in a variety of +(natural) languages. In addition, \Package{alg} unlike +\Package{algorithms}, makes it easy to add new constructs. + +The \Package{newalg} package has a somewhat similar interface to +\Package{algorithms}, but its output is designed to mimic the rather +pleasant typesetting used in the book ``\emph{Introduction to Algorithms}'' +by Corman, Leiserson, Rivest and Stein. Unfortunately, +\Package{newalg} does not support a floating environment or any +customisation of the output. + +``\emph{Bona fide}'' use of the style of ``Introduction to +Algorithms'' may be achieved with Cormen's own \Package{clrscode}: +this is the package as used in the second edition of the book. + +Similarly, the style of % ! line break +``\emph{Combinatorial Algorithms: Generation, Enumeration and Search}'' +is supported by the \Package{pseudocode} package, written by the +authors of the book. It has the common `Pascal-like' style, and has +some interesting constructs for what one thinks of as Pascal blocks. + +The \Package{algorithm2e} is of very long standing, and is widely used +and recommended. It loads the \Package{float} package to provide the +option of floating algorithm descriptions, but you can always use the +``\texttt{H}'' option of \Package{float} to have the algorithm appear +``where you write it''. + +The usage of the \Package{program} package is a little different from +that of the other packages. It typesets programs in maths mode +instead of text mode; and linebreaks are significant. +\Package{program} lacks a floating environment but does number +algorithms like \Package{alg} and \Package{algorithms}. Customisation +and extension are not supported. Documentation of the +\Package{program} package (such as it is) appears in a file +\File{program.msg} in the distribution. + +None of the above are perfect. The factors that should influence your +choice of package include the output style you prefer, how much you +need to extend or modify the set of keywords, and whether you require +algorithms to float like figures and tables. +%% +%% Documentation availability: +%% \begin{description} +%% \item[\Package{algorithms} bundle] is provided in \File{algorithms.ps} +%% (also available as LaTeX{} source). The documentation speaks as if +%% the two packages of the bundle were indeed one, called +%% \Package{algorithms}. +%% \item[\Package{program} package] (such as it is) appears in a file +%% \File{program.msg}. +%% \item[\Package{clrscode} package] is to be found in +%% \File{clrscode.pdf} in the distribution. +%% \item[\Package{algorithm2e} package] is to be found in +%% \File{algorithm2e.tex} in the distribution (it needs the package +%% itself when you process it). +%% \end{description} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[algorithm2e.sty]\CTANref{algorithm2e} +\item[algorithmicx\nothtml{\rmfamily} bundle]\CTANref{algorithmicx} +\item[algorithms\nothtml{\rmfamily} bundle]\CTANref{algorithms} +\item[alg.sty]\CTANref{alg} +\item[clrscode.sty]\CTANref{clrscode} +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\item[newalg.sty]\CTANref{newalg} +\item[program.sty]\CTANref{program} +\item[pseudocode.sty]\CTANref{pseudocode} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-10-12} + +\Question[Q-makeindex]{Generating an index in \AllTeX{}} + +Making an index is not trivial; what to index, and how to index it, is +difficult to decide, and uniform implementation is difficult to +achieve. You will need to mark all items to be indexed in your text +(typically with \csx{index} commands). + +It is not practical to sort a large index within \TeX{}, so a +post-processing program is used to sort the output of one \TeX{} run, +to be included into the document at the next run. + +The following programs are available: +\begin{description} +\item[makeindex] Comes with most distributions~--- a good workhorse, + but is not well-arranged to deal with other sort orders than the + canonical \acro{ASCII} ordering. + + The \Package{makeindex} documentation is a good source of + information on how to create your own index. \Package{Makeindex} can + be used with some \TeX{} + macro packages other than \LaTeX{}, such as \nothtml{\Eplain\ (}% + \Qref{Eplain}{Q-eplain}\nothtml{)}, and \TeX{} (whose macros can + be used independently with \plaintex{}). +\item[idxtex] for \LaTeX{} under \acro{VMS}; \ProgName{idxtex} comes + with a glossary-maker \ProgName{glotex}. +\item[texindex(1)] A witty little shell-script using \ProgName{sed} + and \ProgName{awk}; designed for \LaTeX{} under Unix. +\item[texindex(2)] The \Qref*{Texinfo}{Q-texinfo} system also offers a program + \ProgName{texindex}, whose source is to be found in the + \ProgName{texinfo} distribution. The \Package{ltxindex} package + provides macros that enable \LaTeX{} users to use this + \ProgName{texindex}. +\item[xindy] arose from frustration at the difficulty of making a + multi-language version of \ProgName{makeindex}. It is designed to + be a successor to \ProgName{makeindex}, by a team that included the + then-current maintainer of \ProgName{makeindex}. It successfully + addresses many of \ProgName{makeindex}'s shortcomings, including + difficulties with collation order in different languages, and it is + highly flexible. Sadly, its take-up is proving rather slow. +\end{description} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[idxtex]\CTANref{glo+idxtex} +\item[ltxindex.sty]\CTANref{ltxindex} +\item[makeindex]\CTANref{makeindex} +\item[makeindex (Macintosh)]\CTANref{macmakeindex} +\item[texindex \nothtml{\upshape\rmfamily}(the script)]\CTANref{texindex} +\item[texindex \nothtml{\upshape\rmfamily}(the program)]Distributed + with \CTANref{texinfo} +\item[texsis (system)]\CTANref{texsis} +\item[texsis (makeindex support)]\CTANref{texsis-index} +\item[xindy]\CTANref{xindy} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-setURL]{Typesetting \acro{URL}s} + +\acro{URL}s tend to be very long, and contain characters that would +naturally prevent them being hyphenated even if they weren't typically +set in \csx{ttfamily}, verbatim. Therefore, without special treatment, +they often produce wildly overfull \csx{hbox}es, and their typeset +representation is awful. + +There are three packages that help solve this problem: +\begin{itemize} +\item The \Package{path} package, which defines a \csx{path} command. + The command defines each potential break character as a + \csx{discretionary}, and offers the user the opportunity of + specifying a personal list of potential break characters. Its chief + disadvantage is fragility in \LaTeX{} moving arguments. The +% beware line breaks + \Qref*{\Eplain{} macros}{Q-eplain}~--- define a similar \csx{path} command. + + \Package{Path}, though it works in simple situations, makes no + attempt to work with \LaTeX{} (it is irremediably fragile). Despite + its long and honourable history, it is no longer recommended for + \LaTeX{} use. +\item The \Package{url} package, which defines an \csx{url} command + (among others, including its own \csx{path} command). The command + gives each potential break character a maths-mode `personality', and + then sets the \acro{URL} itself (in the user's choice of font) in + maths mode. It can produce (\LaTeX{}-style) `robust' commands + % beware line break within paren + (\htmlonly{see }\Qref{use of \csx{protect}}{Q-protect}) for use + within moving arguments. + + The package ordinarily ignores spaces in the \acro{URL}, but + unfortunately \acro{URL}s that contain spaces do exist; to typeset + them, call the package with the \pkgoption{obeyspaces} option. Two + other useful options allow line breaks in the \acro{URL} in places + where they are ordinarily suppressed to avoid confusion: + \pkgoption{spaces} to allow breaks at spaces (note, this requires + \pkgoption{obeyspaces} as well, and \pkgoption{hyphens} to allow + breaks after hyphens. (Note that the package \emph{never} does + ``ordinary'' hyphenation of names inside an \acro{URL}.) + + It is possible to use the \Package{url} package in \plaintex{}, + with the assistance of the \Package{miniltx} package (which was + originally developed for using the \LaTeX{} graphics package in + \plaintex{}). A small patch is also necessary: the required + sequence is therefore: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\input miniltx +\expandafter\def\expandafter\+% + \expandafter{\+} +\input url.sty +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\input miniltx +\expandafter\def\expandafter\+\expandafter{\+} +\input url.sty +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +\item The \Package{hyperref} package, which uses the typesetting code + of \Package{url}, in a context where the typeset text forms the + anchor of a link. +\end{itemize} + +The author of this answer prefers the (rather newer) \Package{url} +package (directly or indirectly); both \Package{path} and +\Package{url} work well with \plaintex{} (though of course, the fancy +\LaTeX{} facilities of \Package{url} don't have much place there). +(\Package{hyperref} isn't available in a version for use with \plaintex{}.) + +Note that neither \csx{path} (from package \Package{path}) nor \csx{url} (from +package \Package{url}) is robust (in the \LaTeX{} sense). If you need +a \acro{URL} to go in a moving argument, you need the command +\csx{urldef} from the \Package{url} package. So one might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\urldef\faqhome\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +after which, \csx{faqhome} is robust. + +Documentation of both package \Package{path} and package \Package{url} +is in the package files. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\item[miniltx.tex]Distributed as part of \CTANref{graphics-plain}[miniltx] +\item[path.sty]\CTANref{path} +\item[url.sty]\CTANref{url} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-music]{Typesetting music in \tex{}} + +The current best bet for music typesetting is to use +\Package{musixtex}. \Package{Musixtex} is a three-pass system that +has a \tex{}-based pass, a processing pass and then a further \tex{} +pass. The middle pass, a program called \ProgName{musixflx}, +optimises the spacing and sorts out slurs and ties. +\Package{Musixtex} is demanding of \tex{} resources, and any +significant score requires that typesetting is done using \etex{}, +whose expanded variable- and box-register ranges allow for more of the +``parallel'' activities that abound in a music score. +Of course, \Package{musixtex} also requires music fonts; those are +available in a separate package on the archive. + +\Package{Musixtex} requires pretty arcane input; most people using it +actually prepare (less obscure) input for \ProgName{pmx}, whose output +is \tex{} input suitable for \Package{musixtex}. + +A further preprocessor, \ProgName{M-Tx}, allows preparation of music +with lyrics; \ProgName{M-Tx}'s output is fed into \ProgName{pmx}, and +thence to \Package{musixtex}. + +An alternative path to music examples within a \alltex{} document is +\href{http://www.lilypond.org}{\ProgName{Lilypond}}. +\ProgName{Lilypond} is (at heart) a batch music typesetting system +with plain text input that does most of its work without \tex{}. +\ProgName{Lilypond}'s input syntax is less cryptic than is +MusiX\TeX{}'s, though similar quality is achieved. The +\ProgName{lilypond} +\href{http://lilypond.org/web/about/faq}{\acro{FAQ}} mentions +development of graphical user interfaces. + +Another alternative in the production of music is the \acro{ABC} +notation, which was developed to notate the traditional music of +Western Europe (which can be written on a single stave), though it can +be used much more widely. A front end to \Package{musictex} (see +below), \ProgName{abc2mtex}, makes \acro{ABC} typesetting possible. + +The program \ProgName{midi2tex} can also generate \Package{musictex} +output, from \acro{MIDI} files. + +The history of music in \tex{} goes back some time; the earliest +``working'' macros were Mu\tex{}, by Angelika Schofer and Andrea +Steinbach. Mu\tex{} was very limited, but it was some time before +Daniel Taupin took up the baton, and developed Music\TeX{}, which +allows the typesetting of polyphonic and other multiple-stave music; +Music\TeX{} remains available, but is no longer recommended. + +The first version of Musix\tex{} was developed by Andreas Egler, but +he withdrew from the project to work on another package, Opus\tex{}. +That never reached the mainstream, and is no longer maintained. The +current recommended way of doing Opus\tex{}'s job is +\href{http://home.gna.org/gregorio/}{\ProgName{gregorio}}, which can +in principle feed into a \tex{}-based document. + +Once Andreas Egler had withdrawn (his last version of +\Package{musixtex} is preserved on the archive), Daniel Taupin took up +the development, leading to the \Package{musixtex} used today. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[abc2mtex]\CTANref{abc2mtex} +\item[M-Tx]\CTANref{m-tx} +\item[midi2tex]\CTANref{midi2tex} +\item[musictex]\CTANref{musictex} +% ! line breaks +\item[musixtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}(Taupin's version)]\CTANref{musixtex} +\item[musixtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}(Egler's version)]\CTANref{musixtex-egler} +\item[musixtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{musixtex-fonts} +\item[mutex]\CTANref{mutex} +\item[pmx]\CTANref{pmx} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-11-01} + +\Question[Q-parskip]{Zero paragraph indent} + +The conventional way of typesetting running text has no separation +between paragraphs, and the first line of each paragraph in a block of +text indented. + +In contrast, one common convention for typewritten text was to have no +indentation of paragraphs; such a style is often required for +``brutalist'' publications such as technical manuals, and in styles +that hanker after typewritten manuscripts, such as +officially-specified dissertation formats. + +Anyone can see, after no more than a moment's thought, that if the +paragraph indent is zero, the paragraphs must be separated by blank +space: otherwise it is sometimes going to be impossible to see the +breaks between paragraphs. + +The simple-minded approach to zero paragraph indentation is thus: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\parindent}{0pt} +\setlength{\parskip}{\baselineskip} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and in the very simplest text, it's a fine solution. + +However, the non-zero \csx{parskip} interferes with lists and the like, +and the result looks pretty awful. The \Package{parskip} package +patches things up to look reasonable; it's not perfect, but it deals +with most problems. + +The Netherlands Users' Group's set of classes includes an +\Class{article} equivalent (\Class{artikel3}) and a \Class{report} +equivalent (\Class{rapport3}) whose design incorporates zero paragraph +indent and non-zero paragraph skip. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\acro{NTG} classes]\CTANref{ntgclass} +\item[parskip.sty]\CTANref{parskip} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-04-01} % yes, really + +\Question[Q-dropping]{Big letters at the start of a paragraph} + +A common style of typesetting, now seldom seen except in newspapers, +is to start a paragraph (in books, usually the first of a chapter) +with its first letter set large enough to span several lines. + +This style is known as ``dropped capitals'', or (in French) +\latexhtml{``lettrines''}{\htmlentity{laquo}lettrines\htmlentity{raquo}}, +and \TeX{}'s primitive facilities for hanging indentation make its +(simple) implementation pretty straightforward. + +The \Package{dropping} package does the job simply, but has a curious +attitude to the calculation of the size of the font to be used for the +big letters. Examples appear in the package documentation, so before +you process the \extension{dtx}, the package itself must already be +installed. Unfortunately, \Package{dropping} has an intimate relation +to the set of device drivers available in an early version of the +\LaTeX{} graphics package, and it cannot be trusted to work with +modern offerings such as \PDFTeX{}, V\TeX{} or \acro{DVI}pdfm, let +alone such modernisms as \xetex{}. As a result, the package is widely +deprecated, nowadays. + +The more recent \Package{lettrine} package is generally more reliable. +It has a well-constructed array of options, and an impressive set of +examples adds to the package's document. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dropping]\CTANref{dropping} +\item[lettrine]\CTANref{lettrine} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-dec_comma]{The comma as a decimal separator} + +\TeX{} embodies the British/American cultural convention of using a +period as the separator between the whole number and the decimal +fraction part of a decimal number. Other cultures use a comma as +separator, but if you use a comma in maths mode you get a small space +after it; this space makes a comma that is used as a decimal separator +look untidy. + +A simple solution to this problem, in maths mode, is to type +\texttt{3}\marg{,}\texttt{14} in place of \texttt{3,14}. While such a +technique may produce the right results, it is plainly not a +comfortable way to undertake any but the most trivial amounts of +typing numbers. + +Therefore, if you need to use commas as decimal separator, you will +probably welcome macro support. There are two packages that +can help relieve the tedium: \Package{icomma} and \Package{ziffer}. + +\Package{Icomma} ensures that there will be no extra space after a +comma, unless you type a space after it (as in \texttt{f(x, y)}~--- in +the absence of the package, you don't need that space), in which case +the usual small space after the comma appears. \Package{Ziffer} is +specifically targeted at the needs of those typesetting German, but +covers the present need, as well as providing the double-minus sign +used in German (and other languages) for the empty `cents' part of an +amount of currency. + +The \Package{numprint} package provides a command +\cmdinvoke*{numprint}{number} that prints its argument according to +settings you give it, or according to settings chosen to match the +language you have selected in \Package{babel}. The formatting works +equally well in text or maths. The command is very flexible (it can also +group the digits of very `long' numbers), but is inevitably less +convenient than \Package{icomma} or \Package{ziffer} if you are typing a +lot of numbers. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[icomma.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{was}[icomma] +\item[numprint.sty]\CTANref{numprint} +\item[ziffer.sty]\CTANref{ziffer} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-breakbox]{Breaking boxes of text} + +\AllTeX{} boxes may not be broken, in ordinary usage: once you've +typeset something into a box, it will stay there, and the box will jut +out beyond the side or the bottom of the page if it doesn't fit in the +typeset area. + +If you want a substantial portion of your text to be framed (or +coloured), the restriction imposes a serious restriction. +Fortunately, there are ways around the problem. + +The \Package{framed} package provides \environment{framed} and +\environment{shaded} environments; both put their content into +something which looks like a framed (or coloured) box, but which +breaks as necessary at page end. The environments ``lose'' footnotes, +marginpars and head-line entries, and will not work with +\Package{multicol} or other column-balancing macros. The +\Class{memoir} class includes the functionality of the +\Package{framed} package. + +The \Package{mdframed} package does the same job, using a different +algorithm. The package also provides means of defining +`private' framed environments, whose parameters are set at definition +time, thus saving considerable effort in documents with many framed +boxes. Its restrictions seem much the same as those of +\Package{framed}; this is as one would expect, but the list is +noticeably different in the two packages' documentation. + +The \Package{boites} package provides a \environment{breakbox} +environment; examples of its use may be found in the distribution, and +the package's \File{README} file contains terse documentation. The +environments may be nested, and may appear inside +\environment{multicols} environments; however, floats, footnotes and +marginpars will be lost. + +For \plaintex{} users, the facilities of the \Package{backgrnd} +package may be useful; this package subverts the output routine to +provide vertical bars to mark text, and the macros are clearly marked +to show where coloured backgrounds may be introduced (this requires +\Package{shade}, which is distributed as tex macros and +device-independent \MF{} for the shading). The author of +\Package{backgrnd} claims that the package works with \LaTeXo{}, but +there are reasons to suspect that it may be unstable working with +current \LaTeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[backgrnd.tex]\CTANref{backgrnd} +\item[boites.sty]\CTANref{boites} +\item[framed.sty]\CTANref{framed} +\item[mdframed.sty]\CTANref{mdframed} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[shade.tex]\CTANref{shade} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-14} + +\Question[Q-overstrike]{Overstriking characters} + +This may be used, for example, to indicate text deleted in the course +of editing. Both the \Package{ulem} and the \Package{soul} packages +provide the necessary facilities. + +Overstriking for % beware line break +\Qref*{cancellation in maths expressions}{Q-cancellation} is achieved +by a different mechanism. + +Documentation of \Package{ulem} is in the package file. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[soul.sty]\CTANref{soul} +\item[ulem.sty]\CTANref{ulem} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-upquot]{Realistic quotes for verbatim listings} + +The \texttt{cmtt} font has ``curly'' quotes\nothtml{ (\texttt{`thus'})}, +which are pleasing on the eye, but don't really tally with what one +sees on a modern % beware line break +\ProgName{xterm}\nothtml{ (which look like \texttt{\textasciigrave this\textquotesingle})}. + +The appearance of these quotes is critical in program listings, +particularly in those of Unix-like shell scripts. The +\Package{upquote} package modifies the behaviour of the +\environment{verbatim} environment so that the output is a clearer +representation of what the user must type. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[upquote.sty]\CTANref{upquote} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-time]{Printing the time} + +\TeX{} has a primitive register that contains ``the number of minutes +since midnight''; with this knowledge it's a moderately simple +programming job to print the time (one that no self-respecting +\plaintex{} user would bother with anyone else's code for). + +However, \LaTeX{} provides no primitive for ``time'', so the +non-programming \LaTeX{} user needs help. + +Two packages are available, both providing ranges of ways of printing +the date, as well as of the time: this question will concentrate on +the time-printing capabilities, and interested users can investigate +the documentation for details about dates. + +The \Package{datetime} package defines two time-printing functions: +\csx{xxivtime} (for 24-hour time), \csx{ampmtime} (for 12-hour time) and +\csx{oclock} (for time-as-words, albeit a slightly eccentric set of +words). + +The \Package{scrtime} package (part of the compendious +\Class{KOMA-Script} bundle) takes a package option (\pkgoption{12h} or +\pkgoption{24h}) to specify how times are to be printed. The command +\csx{thistime} then prints the time appropriately (though there's no +\emph{am} or \emph{pm} in \pkgoption{12h} mode). The \csx{thistime} +command also takes an optional argument, the character to separate the +hours and minutes: the default is of course \texttt{:}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[datetime.sty]\CTANref{datetime} +\item[scrtime.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-the-commands]{Redefining counters' \csx{the-}commands} + +Whenever you request a new \LaTeX{} counter, \LaTeX{} creates a bunch +of behind-the-scenes commands, as well as defining the counter +itself. + +Among other things, \cmdinvoke*{newcounter}{fred} creates a command +\csx{the}\texttt{\emph{fred}}, which expands to ``the value of +\texttt{\emph{fred}}'' when you're typesetting. + +The definition of \csx{the}\texttt{\emph{fred}} should express the +value of the counter: it is almost always always a mistake to use the +command to produce anything else. The value may reasonably be +expressed as an arabic, a roman or a greek number, as an alphabetic +expression, or even as a sequence (or pattern of) symbols. If you +need a decision process on whether to re-define +\csx{the}\texttt{\emph{fred}}, consider what might happen when you do +so. + +So, for example, if you want your section numbers to be terminated by +a period, you could make \csx{thesection} expand with a terminating +period. However, such a change to \csx{thesection} makes the +definition of \csx{thesubsection} look distinctly odd: you are going to +find yourself redefining things left, right and centre. Rather, use +the standard techniques for % beware line break +\Qref*{adjusting the presentation of section numbers}{Q-seccntfmt}. + +Or, suppose you want the page number to appear at the bottom of each +page surrounded by dashes (as in +``\texttt{-}{}\texttt{-\textasciitilde}\texttt{nnn\textasciitilde-}{}\texttt{-}''). +If you try to achieve this by redefining \csx{thepage}, problems will +arise from the use of the page number in the table of contents (each +number will have the dashes attached), and \csx{pageref} references +will be oddly modified. In this case, the change of appearance is +best done by redefining the page style itself, perhaps using +\Qref*{package \Package{fancyhdr}}{Q-fancyhdr}. + +\subsection{Tables of contents and indexes} + +\Question[Q-tocloft]{The format of the Table of Contents, etc.} + +The formats of entries in the table of contents (\acro{TOC}) are +controlled by a number of internal commands (discussed in section~2.3 +of \Qref*{\emph{The \LaTeX{} Companion}}{Q-latex-books}. The commands +\csx{@pnumwidth}, \csx{@tocrmarg} and \csx{@dotsep} control the space +for page numbers, the indentation of the right-hand margin, and the +separation of the dots in the dotted leaders, respectively. The +series of commands named \csx{l@\emph{xxx}}, where \texttt{\emph{xxx}} +is the name of a sectional heading (such as \texttt{chapter} or +\texttt{section}, \dots{}\@) control the layout of the corresponding +heading, including the space for section numbers. All these internal +commands may be individually redefined to give the effect that you +want. + +All that work may be avoided, using the package \Package{tocloft} +which provides a set of user-level commands that may be used to change +the \acro{TOC} formatting. Since exactly the same mechanisms are used +for the List of Figures and List of Tables, the layout of these +sections may be controlled in the same way. + +The \Package{etoc} package offers similar flexibility, together with +multicolumn tables of contents and boxes around tables (and the like). + +The \Class{KOMA-Script} classes provides an optional variant structure +for the table of contents, and calculates the space needed for the +numbers automatically. The \Class{memoir} class includes the functionality +of \Package{tocloft}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[etoc.sty]\CTANref{etoc} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[tocloft.sty]\CTANref{tocloft} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-20} + +\Question[Q-secnumdep]{Unnumbered sections in the Table of Contents} + +The way the relevant parts of sectioning commands work is exemplified +by the way the \csx{chapter} command uses the counter \texttt{secnumdepth} +(described in Appendix~C of the \LaTeX{} manual): +\begin{enumerate} +\item put something in the \extension{aux} file, which will appear in + the \extension{toc}; +\htmlignore +\item if \ensuremath{\texttt{secnumdepth} \geq 0}, +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\item if the \texttt{secnumdepth} counter is greater than or equal to + zero, +\end{htmlversion} + increase the counter for the chapter and write it out. +\item write the chapter title. +\end{enumerate} +Other sectioning commands are similar, but with other values used in +the test. + +So a simple way to get headings of funny `sections' such as prefaces +in the table of contents is to use the counter: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1} +\chapter{Preface} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Unfortunately, you have to set \texttt{secnumdepth} back to its usual +value (which is~2 in the standard styles) before you do any `section' +which you want to be numbered. + +Similar settings are made, automatically, in the \LaTeX{} book class by +the \csx{frontmatter} and \csx{backmatter} commands. + +The value of the counter \texttt{tocdepth} controls which headings +will be finally printed in the table of contents; it is normally set +in the preamble and is a constant for the document. The package +\Package{tocvsec2} package takes the tedium out of changing the +\texttt{secnumdepth} and/or the \texttt{tocdepth} counter values at +any point in the body of the document; the commands (respectively) +\csx{setsecnumdepth} and \csx{settocdepth} make the changes based on +the \emph{name} of the sectional unit (\texttt{chapter}, +\texttt{section}, etc.\@). + +The package \Package{abstract} (see % line break! +\Qref[question]{one-column abstracts}{Q-onecolabs}) includes an option +to add the \texttt{abstract} to the table of contents, while the +package \Package{tocbibind} has options to include the table of +contents itself, the \texttt{bibliography}, \texttt{index}, etc., to +the table of contents. + +The \Class{KOMA-Script} classes have commands \csx{addchap} and +\csx{addled}, which work like \csx{chapter} and \csx{section} but +aren't numbered. The \Class{memoir} class incorporates the facilities +of all three of the \Package{abstract}, \Package{tocbibind} and +\Package{tocvsec2} packages. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[abstract.sty]\CTANref{abstract} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[tocbibind.sty]\CTANref{tocbibind} +\item[tocvsec2.sty]\CTANref{tocvsec2} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-tocbibind]{Bibliography, index, etc., in \acro{TOC}} + +The standard \LaTeX{} classes (and many others) use \csx{section*} or +\csx{chapter*} for auto-generated parts of the document (the tables of +contents, lists of figures and tables, the bibliography and the index). As a +result, these items aren't numbered (which most people don't mind), +and (more importantly) they don't appear in the table of contents. + +The correct solution (as always) is to have a class of your own that +formats your document according to your requirements. The macro to do +the job (\csx{addcontentsline}) is fairly simple, but there is always +an issue of ensuring that the contents entry quotes the correct page. +Supposing that our the document is chapter-based (class \Class{report} +or \Class{book}, for example), the text: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\bibliography{frooble} +\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will produce the \emph{wrong} answer if the bibliography is more than +one page long. Instead, one should say: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cleardoublepage +\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography} +\bibliography{frooble} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(Note that \csx{cleardoublepage} does the right thing, even if your +document is single-sided~--- in that case, it's a synonym for +\csx{clearpage}). Ensuring that the entry refers to the right place is +trickier still in a \csx{section}-based class. + +If you are using \Package{hyperref} (which will link entries in the +table of contents to the relevant place in the file), a slight +adjustment is necessary: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cleardoublepage +\phantomsection +\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography} +\bibliography{frooble} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The extra command (\csx{phantomsection}) gives \Package{hyperref} +something to ``hold on to'' when making the link. + +The common solution, therefore, is to use the \Package{tocbibind} +package, which provides many facilities to control the way these +entries appear in the table of contents. + +Classes of the \Class{KOMA-script} bundle provide this functionality +as a set of class options (e.g., \pkgoption{bibtotoc} to add the +bibliography to the table of contents); the \Class{memoir} class includes +\Package{tocbibind} itself. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[tocbibind.sty]\CTANref{tocbibind} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-minitoc]{Table of contents, etc., per chapter} + +The common style, of a ``small'' table of contents for each part, +chapter, or even section, is supported by the \Package{minitoc} +package. The package also supports mini-lists of tables and figures; +but, as the documentation observes, mini-bibliographies are a +different problem~--- see +\Qref[question]{bibliographies per chapter}{Q-chapbib}. + +The package's basic scheme is to generate a little \extension{aux} file for +each chapter, and to process that within the chapter. Simple usage +would be: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{minitoc} +... +\begin{document} +... +\dominitoc \tableofcontents +\dominilof \listoffigures +... +\chapter{blah blah} +\minitoc \mtcskip \minilof +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +though a lot of elaborations are possible (for example, you don't need +a \csx{minitoc} for every chapter). + +\Package{Babel} doesn't know about \Package{minitoc}, but +\Package{minitoc} makes provision for other document languages than +English~--- a wide variety is available. Fortunately, the current +version of the \Package{hyperref} package does know about +\Package{minitoc} and treats \csx{minitoc} tables in the +same way as ``real'' tables of contents. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[babel.sty]\CTANref{babel} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\item[minitoc.sty]\CTANref{minitoc} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-multind]{Multiple indexes} + +\LaTeX{}'s standard indexing capabilities (those provided by the +\Package{makeidx} package) only provide for one index in your +document; even quite modest documents can be improved by indexes for +separate topics. + +The \Package{multind} package provides simple and straightforward +multiple indexing. You tag each \csx{makeindex}, \csx{index} and +\csx{printindex} command with a file name, and indexing commands are +written to (or read from) the name with the appropriate (\extension{idx} or +\extension{ind}) extension appended. The \csx{printindex} command is modified +from an old version of the \LaTeXo{} standard so that it doesn't +create its own chapter or section heading; you therefore decide what +names (or sectioning level, even) to use for the indexes, and +\Qref*{\csx{indexname}}{Q-fixnam} is completely ignored. + +To create a ``general'' and an ``authors'' index, one might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{multind} +\makeindex{general} +\makeindex{authors} +... +\index{authors}{Eccentric Professor} +... +\index{general}{FAQs} +... +\printindex{general}{General index} +\printindex{authors}{Author index} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +To complete the job, run \LaTeX{} on your file enough times that +labels, etc., are stable, and then execute the commands +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +makeindex general +makeindex authors +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +before running \LaTeX{} again. Note that the names of the index files +to process are not necessarily related to the name of the \LaTeX{} +file you're processing, at all. (There's no documentation that comes +with the package: what you see above is as good as you will +get\dots{}) + +The \Package{multind} package doesn't work with the % ! line break +\Qref*{\amslatex{} classes}{Q-AMSpkg}, but the \acro{AMS} provide a +substitute, the \Package{amsmidx} package. You use the +\Package{amsmidx} package pretty much the same as you would +\Package{multind}, but if things aren't clear, there \emph{is} +documentation (unlike \Package{multind}). + +The \Package{index} package provides a comprehensive set of indexing +facilities, including a \csx{newindex} command that allows the +definition of new styles of index. \csx{newindex} takes a `tag' (for +use in indexing commands), replacements for the \extension{idx} and +\extension{ind} file extensions, and a title for the index when it's +finally printed; it can also change the item that's being indexed +against (for example, one might have an index of artists referenced by +the figure number where their work is shown). + +Using \Package{index}, to create an author index together with a +``normal'' index, one would start with preamble commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{index} +\makeindex +\newindex{aut}{adx}{and}{Name Index} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which load the package, define a ``main'' (original-style) index, and +then define an author index. Then, in the body of the document, we +might find commands like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\index[aut]{Another Idiot} +... +\index{FAQs} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Which place an entry in the author index, and then one in the main +index. At the end of the document, we have two commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\printindex +\printindex[aut] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Which will print the main index and then the author index. Supposing +this lot to be in \File{myfile.tex}, after enough runs through +\LaTeX{} that labels are stable, execute the following commands +(Unix-style shell commands shown here, but the principle is the same +whatever system you're using): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +makeindex myfile +makeindex myfile.adx -o myfile.and +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and rerun \LaTeX{}. The \ProgName{makeindex} commands process +\File{myfile.idx} to \File{myfile.ind} (the default action), and then +\File{myfile.adx} to \File{myfile.and}, the two files needed as input +by the two \csx{printindex} commands in \File{myfile.tex}. + +The \Package{splitidx} package can operate in the same way as the +others: load the package with the \pkgoption{split} option, and +declare each index with a \csx{newindex} command: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{newindex}[\meta{index name}]{\meta{shortcut}} +\end{quote} +and \Package{splitidx} will generate a file +\csx{jobname}\texttt{.\meta{shortcut}} to receive index entries +generated by commands like \cmdinvoke{sindex}[\meta{shortcut}]{\meta{item}}. +As with the other packages, this method is limited by \TeX{}'s total +number of output files. However, \Package{splitindex} also comes with +a small executable \ProgName{splitindex} (available for a variety of +operating systems); if you use this auxiliary program (and don't use +\pkgoption{split}), there's no limit to the number of indexes. Apart +from this trick, \Package{splitidx} supports the same sorts of things +as does \Package{index}. An example of use appears in +the documentation. + +The \Package{imakeidx} package can do a wide range of things (in particular, +it can run an index-builder~--- via % ! line break +\Qref*{\csx{write18} commands}{Q-spawnprog}~--- so as to simplify +business of making the final copy of a document). The package can +also make multiple indexes; it can do the job in the conventional +(\Package{multind}) way, or by using the external +\ProgName{splitindex} script provided with the \Package{splitindex} +package. (This arrangement allows efficient operation with small +numbers of indexes, while retaining the flexibility of permitting +large numbers of indexes without hitting the restriction of numbers of +active output streams.) + +The \Class{memoir} class has its own multiple-index functionality (as +well as its own index layout options, which other packages delegate to +the index style used by \ProgName{makeindex}). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsmidx.sty]Part of the \acro{AMS} class distribution + \CTANref{amscls}[amsmidx] +\item[imakeidx.sty]\CTANref{imakeidx} +\item[index.sty]\CTANref{index} +\item[makeidx.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[multind.sty]\CTANref{multind} +\item[splitidx.sty \bgroup\nothtml{\normalfont}and \egroup splitindex]% + \CTANref{splitindex} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-backgrnd.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-backgrnd.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c7c17b7b2b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-backgrnd.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1154 @@ +% $Id: faq-backgrnd.tex,v 1.30 2012/10/10 20:37:43 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{The Background} + +\Question[Q-startup]{Getting started} + +\alltex{} offers a very large number of choices, and the beginner has +to navigate through that set before even taking his first steps. The +aim here is to guide the beginner through a set of answers that may +help the process. We assume the beginner `knows' that \alltex{} is +for them; if not, the discussion ``\Qref{what is \tex{}}{Q-whatTeX}'' +may help. + +To start at the very beginning, then, the beginner may wish to know +what all those % ! line break +``\Qref*{things with \tex{} in their name are}{Q-texthings}''. + +Armed with that knowledge, the beginner needs to decide what macro +format she needs (always assuming someone hasn't already told her she +needs to use ``foo\tex{}''. Learn about the alternatives in answers +discussing common formats: look at % line break +\Qref*{writing \plaintex{}}{Q-plaintex}, +\Qref*{\latex{}}{Q-latex} or +\Qref*{\context{}}{Q-context}. + +If no system has been provided, the beginner needs to acquire a \tex{} +distribution appropriate to their machine. Available options are +available via the answer % ! line break +``\Qref*{\alltex{} for various machines}{Q-TeXsystems}''; we assume +here that the beginner can install things for herself, or has access +to someone who can. + +Finally, the beginner needs to get started in the chosen format. For +\plaintex{}, see ``\Qref[]{Online introductions: \TeX{}}{Q-man-tex}''; +for \latex{}, see % ! line break +``\Qref[]{Online introductions: \LaTeX{}}{Q-man-latex}''; and for +\context{}, the place to start is the % line break +\href{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Main_Page}{ConTeXt garden wiki} +(which is so good the present \acro{FAQ}s don't even try to compete). +\LastEdit*{2011-03-04} + + +\Question[Q-whatTeX]{What is \TeX{}?} + +\TeX{} is a typesetting system written by +\href{http://sunburn.stanford.edu/~knuth/}{Donald E. Knuth}, who +says in the Preface to his book on \TeX{} +(see \Qref[question]{books about TeX}{Q-tex-books}) that it is +%% !line wrap avoided by two commands +``\emph{intended for the creation of beautiful books~---} +\emph{and especially for books that contain a lot of mathematics}''. +(If \TeX{} were \emph{only} good for mathematical books, much of its +use nowadays would not happen: it's actually a pretty good general +typesetting system.) + +Knuth is Emeritus Professor of the Art of Computer Programming at +Stanford University in California, \acro{USA}. Knuth developed the +first version of \TeX{} in 1978 to deal with revisions to his series +``the Art of Computer Programming''. The idea proved popular and +Knuth produced a second version (in 1982) which is the basis of what +we use today. + +Knuth developed a system of % ! line breaks +`\Qref*{literate programming}{Q-lit}' to write \TeX{}, +and he provides the literate (\acro{WEB}) source of \TeX{} free of charge, +together with tools for processing the |web| source into something +that can be compiled and something that can be printed; there is (in +principle) never any mystery about what \TeX{} does. Furthermore, the +\acro{WEB} system provides mechanisms to port \TeX{} to new operating +systems and computers; and in order that one may have some confidence +in the ports, Knuth supplied a \Qref*{test}{Q-triptrap} by +means of which one may judge the fidelity of a \TeX{} system. \TeX{} +and its documents are therefore highly portable. + +For the interested programmer, the distribution of \TeX{} has some +fascination: it's nothing like the way one would construct such a +program nowadays, yet it has lasted better than most, and has been +ported to many different computer architectures and operating +systems~--- the sorts of attributes that much modern programming +practice aims for. The processed `readable' source of \TeX{} the +program may be found in the % ! line break +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref*{\acro{TDS} structured version}{Q-tds} of the distribution. +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{dviversion} + \Qref*{\acro{TDS} structured version of the distribution}{Q-tds}. +\end{dviversion} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Knuth's source distribution]\CTANref{knuth-dist} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Knuth's sources in \acro{TDS} layout]\CTANref{knuth-tds} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-plaintex]{What's ``writing in \TeX{}''?} + +\TeX{} is a macro processor, and offers its users a powerful +programming capability. To produce a document, you write macros and +text interleaved with each other. The macros define an environment in +which the text is to be typeset. + +However, the basic \TeX{} engine is pretty +basic, and is a pretty difficult beast to deal with. Recognising this +(and not wanting to write the same things at the start of every +document, himself) Knuth provided a package of macros for use with +\TeX{}, called \plaintex{}; \plaintex{} is a useful minimum set of +macros that can be used with \TeX{}, together with some demonstration +versions of higher-level commands. When people say they're ``writing +(or programming) in \TeX{}'', they usually mean they're programming in +\plaintex{}. + +\Question[Q-TeXpronounce]{How should I pronounce ``\TeX{}''?} + +The `X' is ``really'' the Greek letter % ! line break +Chi\nothtml{ (\ensuremath{\chi}, in lower case)}, and is pronounced by +English-speakers either a bit like the `ch' in the Scots word `loch' +([x] in the IPA) or (at a pinch, if you can't do the Greek sound) like +`k'. It definitely is not pronounced `ks' (the Greek letter with that +sound doesn't look remotely like the Latin alphabet `X'). + +This curious usage derives from Knuth's explanation in the \TeX{}book +that the name comes from the Greek word for `art' or `craft' +(`\latexhtml{\ensuremath{\tau\epsilon\chi\nu\eta}}{\emph{techni}}'), +which is the root of the English word `technology'. Knuth's logo for \TeX{} is +merely the uppercase version of the first three (Greek) letters of the +word, jiggled about a bit; we don't use that logo (and logos like it) +in this \acro{FAQ} (see % ! line break +\Qref[question]{Typesetting \TeX{}-related logos}{Q-logos}). + +\Question[Q-MF]{What is \MF{}?} + +\MF{} was written by Knuth as a companion to \TeX{}; whereas \TeX{} +defines the layout of glyphs on a page, \MF{} defines the shapes of +the glyphs and the relations between them. \MF{} details the sizes of +glyphs, for \TeX{}'s benefit, and creates bitmaps that may be used to +represent the glyphs, for the benefit of programs that will produce +printed output as post processes after a run of \TeX{}. + +\MF{}'s language for defining fonts permits the expression of several +classes of things: first (of course), the simple geometry of the +glyphs; second, the properties of the print engine for which the +output is intended; and third, `meta'-information which can +distinguish different design sizes of the same font, or the difference +between two fonts that belong to the same (or related) families. + +Knuth (and others) have designed a fair range of fonts using \MF{}, +but font design using \MF{} is much more of a minority skill (even) than is +\TeX{} macro-writing. +What is more, it is a dying art: few new \tex{}-related fonts are +produced using \MF{}, nowadays. Indeed, several of the major font +families (that originated in \MF{} designs) are now seldom used in any +other way than their conversion to an outline font format. +%% The complete \TeX{}-user nevertheless needs to +%% be aware of \MF{}, and may even be required run \MF{} to generate personal +%% copies of Meta-fonts that come her way. +\LastEdit{2011-07-03} + +\Question[Q-MP]{What is \MP{}?} + +The \MP{} system (by John Hobby) implements a picture-drawing language +very much like that of \MF{}; the difference is that \MP{} outputs +Encapsulated \PS{} files instead of run-length-encoded bitmaps. \MP{} +is a powerful language for producing figures for documents to be +printed on \PS{} printers, either directly or embedded in \AllTeX{} +documents. \MP{} is able to integrate text and mathematics, marked up +for use with \TeX{}, within the graphics. (Knuth tells us that he +uses nothing but \MP{} for diagrams in text that he is writing.) + +Although \PDFLaTeX{} cannot ordinarily handle \PS{} graphics, the +output of \MP{} is sufficiently simple and regular that \PDFLaTeX{} +can handle it direct, using code borrowed from +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref*{\context{}}{Q-context}~--- +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + \context{}~--- +\end{flatversion} +see \Qref[question]{graphics in \PDFLaTeX{}}{Q-pdftexgraphics}. + +Much of \MP{}'s source code was copied from \MF{}'s sources, with +Knuth's permission. + +A mailing list discussing \MP{} is available; +\begin{flatversion} + subscribe via the \acro{TUG} \ProgName{mailman} interface at + \URL{http://lists.tug.org/metapost} +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + subscribe via the % ! line break + \href{http://lists.tug.org/metapost}{\acro{TUG} \ProgName{mailman} interface}. +\end{hyperversion} +The \acro{TUG} website also hosts a % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/metapost.html}{\MP{} summary page}, and the +\Package{tex-overview} document gives you a lot more detail (and some +explanatory background material). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[tex-overview.pdf]\CTANref{tex-overview} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-09-01} + +\Question[Q-texthings]{Things with ``\TeX{}'' in the name} + +New \TeX{} users are often baffled by the myriad terms with ``\TeX{}'' +in the name. The goal of this answer is to clarify some of the more +common such terms. + +\paragraph{\TeX{} itself} +\TeX{} proper is a typesetting system based on a set of low-level +control sequences that instruct \TeX{} how to lay out text on the +page. For example, \csx{hskip} inserts a given amount of horizontal +space into the document, and \csx{font} makes a given font available +in a document. \TeX{} is fully programmable using an integrated macro +scripting language that supports variables, scoping, conditional +execution, control flow, and function (really, macro) definitions. +See % ! line break +\Qref[question]{what is \TeX{}?}{Q-whatTeX} for some background +information on \TeX{} and % ! line break +\Qref[question]{some reference documents}{Q-ref-doc} for pointers to +descriptions of \TeX{} control sequences, data types, and other key +parts of \TeX{}. + +\paragraph{\TeX{} macro packages (a.k.a.~\TeX{} formats)} +Some of \TeX{}'s control sequences are tedious to use directly; they are +intended primarily as building blocks for higher-level~--- and therefore +more user-friendly~--- abstractions. For example, there is no way in +base \TeX{} to specify that a piece of text should be typeset in a +larger font. Instead, one must keep track of the current size and +typeface, load a new font with the same typeface but a (specified) +larger size, and tell \TeX{} to use that new font until instructed +otherwise. Fortunately, because \TeX{} is programmable, it is +possible to write a macro that hides this complexity behind a simple, +new control sequence. (For example, it is possible to define +\cmdinvoke{larger}{my text} to typeset ``my text'' in +at a font size next larger than the current one.) + +While some users write their own, perfectly customized set of +macros~--- which they then typically reuse across many documents~--- it is +far more common to rely upon a \emph{macro package}, a collection of +\TeX{} macros written by experts. For the user's convenience, these +macro packages are often combined with the base \TeX{} engine into a +standalone executable. The following are some of that macro packages +that you are likely to encounter: +\begin{description} + \item[Plain \TeX{} (executable: \ProgName{tex})] + See + \Qref[questions]{Books on \TeX{} and \plaintex{}}{Q-tex-books}, + \Qref[]{Online introductions: \TeX{}}{Q-man-tex}, + \Qref[]{Should I use Plain \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}?}{Q-plainvltx} and + \Qref[]{Freely available \AllTeX{} books}{Q-ol-books}. + Note that the Plain \TeX{} executable is called \ProgName{tex}; the + base \TeX{} engine is generally provided by a separate executable + such as \ProgName{initex} or as a \texttt{-ini} flag to + \ProgName{tex}. + + \item[\LaTeX{} (executable: \ProgName{latex})] + See + \Qref[questions]{Books on \TeX{} and its relations}{Q-latex-books}, + \Qref[]{\AllTeX{} Tutorials, etc.}{Q-tutorials*}, + \Qref[]{Online introductions: \LaTeX{}}{Q-man-latex} and + \Qref[]{Specialized \AllTeX{} tutorials}{Q-tutbitslatex}. + Note that there have been two major versions of \LaTeX{}: \LaTeXe{} + refers to the current version of \LaTeX{} while \LaTeXo{} is the + long-since-obsolete (since 1994) version (cf.~% + \Qref[question]{What is \LaTeXe{}?}{Q-latex2e} for more information). + + \item[\CONTeXT{} (executable: \ProgName{texmfstart})] + See + \Qref[question]{What is \CONTeXT{}?}{Q-context}. + + \item[Texinfo (executables: \ProgName{tex}, \ProgName{makeinfo})] + See + \Qref[question]{What is Texinfo?}{Q-texinfo}. \ProgName{makeinfo} + converts Texinfo documents to \acro{HTML}, DocBook, Emacs info, + \acro{XML}, and plain text. \ProgName{Tex} (or wrappers such as + \ProgName{texi2dvi} and \ProgName{texi2pdf}) produce one of \TeX{}'s + usual output formats such as \acro{DVI} or \acro{PDF}. Because + \ProgName{tex} loads the Plain \TeX{} macros, not the Texinfo ones, + a Texinfo document must begin with + \begin{quote} + \csx{input}\texttt{ texinfo} + \end{quote} + explicitly load the Texinfo macro package. + + \item[\Eplain{}~--- Extended Plain \TeX{} (executable: \ProgName{eplain})] + See + \Qref[question]{What is \Eplain{}?}{Q-eplain}. +\end{description} + +\paragraph{Modified \ProgName{tex} executables} +The original \ProgName{tex} executable was produced in the late 1970s +(cf.~\Qref[question]{What is \TeX{}?}{Q-whatTeX}) and consequently +lacked some features that users have come to expect from today's +software. The following programs address these issues by augmenting +the \TeX{} engine with some additional useful features: + +\begin{description} + \item[\PDFTeX{} (executable: \ProgName{pdftex})] + \TeX{}, which predates the \acro{PDF} file format by a decade, + outputs files in a \TeX{}-specific format called \acro{DVI} + (cf.~\Qref[question]{What is a \acro{DVI} file?}{Q-dvi}). In + contrast, \PDFTeX{} can output both \acro{DVI} \emph{and} \acro{PDF} + files. In \acro{PDF} mode, it lets documents exploit various + \acro{PDF} features such as hyperlinks, bookmarks, and annotations, + \PDFTeX{} additionally supports two sophisticated micro-typographic + features: character protrusion and font expansion. See + \Qref[question]{What is \PDFTeX{}?}{Q-whatpdftex}. + + \item[\xetex{} (executable: \ProgName{xetex})] + \xetex{} reads \acro{UTF}-8 encoded Unicode input, and extends + \TeX{}'s font support to include `modern' formats such as TrueType + and OpenType; these extensions to its capabilities make it + well-suited to multi-lingual texts covering different writing + systems. See \Qref[question]{What is \xetex{}?}{Q-xetex}. + + \item[\LuaTeX{} (executable: \ProgName{luatex})] + \TeX{} is programmed in its own arcane, integrated, macro-based + programming language. \LuaTeX{} adds a second programming engine + using a modern scripting language, Lua, which is `embedded' in a + \tex{}-alike engine; it too reads \acro{UTF}-8 and uses TrueType + OpenType fonts. See % ! line break + \Qref[question]{What is \LuaTeX{}?}{Q-luatex}. + + \item[\eTeX{} (executable: \ProgName{etex})] + \eTeX{} is an extension of \tex{}'s programming interface; as such + it's only indirectly useful to end users, but it can be valuable to + package developers; there is an increasing number of macro packages + that require the use of \eTeX{}. As well as existing in + \ProgName{etex}, \eTeX{} features are usually available in the + \ProgName{pdftex} executables provided in the standard + distributions; \xetex{} and \luatex{} also provide \etex{}'s + programming facilities. See % ! line break + \Qref[question]{What is \eTeX{}?}{Q-etex}. + + (Note: \eTeX{}, which enhances the \TeX{} engine, is not to be + confused with \Eplain{}, which enhances the Plain \TeX{} macro + package.) +\end{description} + +Because each of the above derive from a base \TeX{} engine, it is in +principle possible to combine any of them with one of the \TeX{} macro +packages listed earlier to produce `extended' executables. For +example, the \ProgName{pdflatex}, \ProgName{xelatex} and +\ProgName{lualatex} executables each combine \LaTeX{} with an enhanced +\TeX{} engine. Indeed, most (if not all) of the development of +\context{} is now using \luatex{}. + +Some executables combine the features of multiple enhanced \TeX{} +engines: for example, \ProgName{pdftex} now (in current distributions) +offers both \PDFTeX{} and \eTeX{} extensions into a single executable +This executable may be offered with a \LaTeX{} format (as +\ProgName{latex} or \ProgName{pdflatex}) or with a \plaintex{} format +(as \ProgName{pdftex}). (\ProgName{Tex} remains with an unadorned +\TeX{} executable using \plaintex{}, for people such as Knuth himself, +who want the certainty of the ``original''.) + +\paragraph{\TeX{} distributions} +A \emph{\TeX{} distribution} provides a structured collection of +\TeX{}-related software. Generally, a \TeX{} distribution includes a +set of ``core'' \TeX{} executables such as \ProgName{tex} and +\ProgName{latex}; various fonts optimized for use with \TeX{}; helper +programs such as the \BibTeX{} bibliographic-database formatter, +editors, integrated development environments, file-format-conversion +programs; numerous \LaTeX{} packages; configuration tools; and any +other goodies the distributor chooses to include. + +Commonly encountered \TeX{} distributions include \texlive{}, +\miktex{} and Mac\TeX{}; older ones include oz\TeX{}, +\acro{CM}ac\TeX{} and te\TeX{}. \miktex{} is also available as the +basis of the Pro\TeX{}t bundle, distributed on the \texlive{} +\acro{DVD} mailing, as well as being available online. + +Some \TeX{} distributions target a specific operating system and/or +processor architecture; others run on multiple platforms. Many \TeX{} +distributions are free; a few require payment. See % ! line break +\Qref[question]{\AllTeX{} for different machines}{Q-TeXsystems} for a +list of free and shareware \TeX{} distributions and % ! line break +\Qref[question]{Commercial \TeX{} implementations}{Q-commercial} for a +list of commercial \TeX{} distributions. + +\paragraph{Summary} +What does it all mean?~--- the simple lists of objects, alone, offer +no help for the beginner. The \acro{FAQ} team expects this answer +only to be of use for people who are seeking guidance elsewhere +(possibly within these \acro{FAQ}s) and coming across an unexpected +name like ``blah\tex{}''. + +The subject matter covered by this answer is also addressed in a page +on the \acro{TUG} site, % ! line break +``\href{http://tug.org/levels.html}{the Levels of \tex{}}''. +\LastEdit{2011-09-26} + +\Question[Q-ctan]{What is \acro{CTAN}?} + +The acronym stands for ``Comprehensive \tex{} Archive Network'', which +more-or-less specifies what it's \emph{for}: +\begin{itemize} +\item The archives offer a comprehensive collection of \tex{} resources. +\item The content is made publicly accessible, via the internet. +\item \acro{CTAN} is a \emph{network} of archives, which strive to + stay in step with one another. +\end{itemize} +The basic framework was developed by a \acro{TUG} working group set up +to resolve the (then existing) requirement for users to \emph{know} on +which archive site a particular package might be found. + +Actual implementation offers three distinct types of host: +\begin{description} +\item[\emph{Core} archives]Which form a small, tightly-coupled set of + machines, which perform management functions as well as serving + files, and +\item[\emph{Mirror} archives]Which do no more than take regular copies + of core archives. +\item[Archive selector]Which is a meta-service, which routes requests + to an apparently ``local'' mirror (``local'' is determined by an + algorithm that uses your net address to determine where you are, and + then selects a mirror that's close). +\end{description} +Note that there is nothing to prevent any archive from supporting +other functions, so a \acro{CTAN} mirror may also operate as a +\acro{CPAN} (Perl) mirror and as a SourceForge (general free software) +mirror, and \dots{} + +Functions that distinguish core archives are: +\begin{itemize} +\item Uploads: users may submit new (or updated) material via the + \Qref*{upload redirector}{Q-uploads}. Significant changes to the + archive are reported via the mailing list \Email{ctan-ann@dante.de} +\item Weak consistency: changes to the content of the archives are + rapidly distributed to all core archives. (Consistency is `weak' + since changes can take several minutes to propagate.) +\item Providing distribution (\texlive{} and \miktex{}) support. +\item Catalogue maintenance. +\item Mirror monitoring. +\end{itemize} + +Users may make direct contact with the +\begin{flatversion} + \ctan{} management team, via \mailto{ctan@dante.de} +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{mailto:ctan@dante.de}{\ctan{} management team}. +\end{hyperversion} + +Users should ordinarily download material from \acro{CTAN} via the +\href*{http://mirror.ctan.org/}{archive selector}: this uses the +mirror monitor's database, and uses the caller's geographical location to +offer an efficient choice of ``sufficiently up-to-date'' mirror site for +you to connect to. This procedure has the advantage of distributing +the load on \ctan{} mirrors. + +Note that all the download links, given in the web representation of +these \acro{FAQ}s, are set up to use the mirror selector. +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} + +\Question[Q-catalogue]{The (\acro{CTAN}) catalogue} + +Finding stuff on networks was always difficult, but in recent years, +search engines have become amazingly good at digging out unconsidered +trifles from the myriad items of information available on the net. + +Sadly, in the \tex{} context, search engines seem to excel in locating +out-of-date material, while the service users need a means of finding +relevant material on \acro{CTAN}~--- on the grounds that such material +is most likely to be up-to-date. The need to find such items, thus +alleviating tendency to end up with out-of-date \alltex{} material, +was the motivation for developing a specialised information source: +the \acro{CTAN} catalogue. The aim is that they contain enough +relevant information that they will appear early in a search engine's +evaluation. + +The basis of the catalogue is a collection of small +articles; each shows basic information about a package on \acro{CTAN}, +and includes pointers to download address, documentation and related +packages. Every \acro{CTAN} mirror holds a copy of the catalogue, +presented as a series of web pages; indexes (both alphabetic and +category-based) are provided. + +The core \acro{CTAN} sites also offer a simple text search of the +catalogue. This is a tolerable means of finding a package you need, +but it is not really a substitute for a good information retrieval +system: the problem of providing such a system has not yet been solved. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}The CTAN catalogue]\CTANref{Catalogue} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2011-05-19} + +\Question[Q-triptrap]{How can I be sure it's really \TeX{}?} + +\TeX{} (and \MF{} and \MP{}) are written in a +\begin{flatversion} % really "non-hyper" + `literate' programming language called \ProgName{Web} (\Qref{}{Q-lit}) +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{`literate' programming}{Q-lit} language called \ProgName{Web} +\end{hyperversion} +which is designed to be portable across a wide range of computer +systems. How, then, is a new version of \TeX{} checked? + +Of course, any sensible software implementor will have his own suite +of tests to check that his software runs: those who port \TeX{} and +its friends to other platforms do indeed perform such tests. + +Knuth, however, provides a `conformance test' for both \TeX{} +(\Package{trip}) and \MF{} (\Package{trap}). +%%% Is there a similar one for \MP{}? +He characterises these as `torture tests': they are designed not to +check the obvious things that ordinary typeset documents, or font +designs, will exercise, but rather to explore small alleyways off the +main path through the code of \TeX{}. They are, to the casual reader, +pretty incomprehensible! + +Once an implementation of \TeX{} has passed its \Package{trip} test, or +an implementation of \MF{} has passed its \Package{trap} test, then it +may in principle be distributed as a working version. (In practice, +any distributor would test new versions against ``real'' documents or +fonts, too; while \Package{trip} and \Package{trap} test bits of +pathways within the program, they don't actually test for any real +world problem.) +\LastEdit{2011-05-28} + +\Question[Q-y2k]{Are \TeX{} and friends Y2K compliant?} + +\begin{description} +\item[Crashing:] None of \TeX{}, \MF{} or \MP{} can themselves crash + due to any change whatever in the date of any sort. + +\item[Timestamps:] In the original sources, a 2-digit year was + stored as the creation time for format files and that value is + printed in log-files. These items should not be of general concern, + since the only use of the date format file is to produce the log + output, and the log file is designed for human readers only. + + Knuth announced in 1998 that implementors would be permitted + alter this code without fear of being accused of non-compliance. + Nearly all implementations that are being actively maintained had + been modified to generate 4-digit years in the format file and the + log, by the end of 1998. The original sources themselves have now + been modified so that 4-digit year numbers are stored. + +\item[The \csx{year} primitive:] Certification of a \TeX{} + implementation (see \Qref[question]{trip/trap testing}{Q-triptrap}) + does not require that \csx{year} return a meaningful value (which + means that \TeX{} can, in principle, be implemented on platforms + that don't make the value of the clock available to user programs). + The \emph{\TeX{}book} (see + \Qref[question]{TeX-related books}{Q-tex-books}) defines \csx{year} as + ``the current year of our Lord'', which is the only correct meaning + for \csx{year} for those implementations which can supply a + meaningful value, which is to say nearly all of them. + + In short, \TeX{} implementations should provide a value in \csx{year} + giving the 4-digit year Anno Domini, or the value 1776 if the + platform does not support a date function. + + Note that if the system itself fails to deliver a correct date to + \TeX{}, then \csx{year} will of course return an incorrect value. + \TeX{} cannot be considered Y2K compliant, in this sense, on a + system that is not itself Y2K compliant. + +\item[Macros:] \TeX{} macros can in principle perform calculations on + the basis of the value of \csx{year}. + The \Qref*{LaTeX suite}{Q-latex} + performs such calculations in a small number of places; the + calculations performed in the current (supported) version of \LaTeX{} are + known to be Y2K compliant. + + Other macros and macro packages should be individually checked. + +\item[External software:] Software such as \acro{DVI} translators + needs to be individually checked. +\end{description} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-etex]{What is \eTeX{}?} + +While Knuth has declared that \TeX{} will never % !line break +\Qref*{change in any substantial way}{Q-TeXfuture}, there remain +things that one might wish had been done differently, or indeed +implemented at all. + +The \acro{NTS} project set out to produce an advanced replacement for +\TeX{}, to provide a basis for developing such modifications: this +``New Typesetting System'' would share Knuth's aims, but would +implement the work in a modern way taking account of the lessons +learned with \TeX{}. While a first demonstrator \acro{NTS} did +appear, it wasn't practically useful, and the project seems no longer +active. + +In parallel with its work on \acro{NTS} itself, the project developed +a set of extensions that can be used with a (``true'') \TeX{} system. +Such a modified system is known as an \eTeX{} system, and the concept +has proved widely successful. Indeed, current \TeX{} distributions +are delivered with most formats built with an \eTeX{}-based system (for +those who don't want them, \eTeX{}'s extensions can be disabled, leaving +a functionally standard \TeX{} system). + +The extensions range from the seemingly simple (increasing the number +of available registers from 256 to 32768) through to extremely subtle +programming support. + +\Qref*{\CONTeXT{}}{Q-context} has required \eTeX{} for its operation +for some time, though development is now focused on the use of +\Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}. + +Some \LaTeX{} packages already specify the use of \eTeX{}. Some such +packages may not work at all on a non-\eTeX{} system; others will +work, but not as well as on an \eTeX{} system. The % ! line break +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} team}{Q-LaTeX3} has announced that future \LaTeX{} +packages (specifically those from the team, as opposed to those +individually contributed) may require \eTeX{} for optimum performance. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\eTeX{}]\CTANref{etex} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-07-13} + +\Question[Q-whatpdftex]{What is \PDFTeX{}?} + +One can reasonably say that \PDFTeX{} is (today) the main stream of +\TeX{} distributions: most \LaTeX{} and many \CONTeXT{} users nowadays use +\PDFTeX{} whether they know it or not (more precisely, they use +\PDFTeX{} extended by +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref*{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex}). +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + \eTeX{}~--- \Qref{}{Q-etex}). +\end{flatversion} +So what is \PDFTeX{}? + +\PDFTeX{} is a development of \TeX{} that is capable of generating +typeset \acro{PDF} output in place of \acro{DVI}. \PDFTeX{} has +other capabilities, most notably in the area of fine typographic +detail (for example, its support for % ! line break +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{optimising line breaks}{Q-overfull}), +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + % ( <- dummy for paren balancing + optimising line breaks~--- \Qref{}{Q-overfull}), +\end{flatversion} +but its greatest impact to date has been in the area of +\acro{PDF} output. + +\PDFTeX{} started as a topic for H\`an \The {} Th\`anh's Master's~thesis, +and seems first to have been published in \TUGboat{} 18(4), in 1997 +(though it was certainly discussed at the \acro{TUG}'96 conference in +Russia). + +While the world was making good use of ``pre-releases'' of \PDFTeX{}, +Th\`anh used it as a test-bed for the micro-typography which was the +prime subject of his Ph.D.~research. Since Th\`anh was finally +awarded his Ph.D., day-to-day maintenance and development of +\PDFTeX{}~1.0 (and later) has been in the hands of a group of +\PDFTeX{} maintainers (which includes Th\`anh); the group has managed +to maintain a stable platform for general use. + +Development of \PDFTeX{} has mostly stopped (only bug fixes, and +occasional small development items are processed): future development +is focused on \Qref*{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex}. +\LastEdit{2011-05-28} + +\Question[Q-latex]{What is \LaTeX{}?} + +\LaTeX{} is a \TeX{} macro package, originally written by Leslie Lamport, that +provides a document processing system. \LaTeX{} allows markup to +describe the structure of a document, so that the user +need not think about presentation. By using document classes and +add-on packages, the same document can be produced in a variety of +different layouts. + +Lamport says that \LaTeX{} +``\emph{represents a balance between functionality and ease of use}''. +This shows itself as a continual conflict that leads to +the need for such things as \acro{FAQ}s: \LaTeX{} \emph{can} +meet most user requirements, but finding out \emph{how} is often +tricky. + +\Question[Q-latex2e]{What is \LaTeXe{}?} + +Lamport's last version of \LaTeX{} (\LaTeXo{}, last updated in 1992) +was superseded in 1994 by a new version (\LaTeXe{}) provided by +\Qref*{the \LaTeX{} team}{Q-LaTeX3}. +\LaTeXe{} is now the only readily-available version of +\LaTeX{}, and draws together several threads of \LaTeX{} development +from the later days of \LaTeXo{}. The ``e'' of the name is (in the +% next (ghastly) line needed to maintain typesetting +\wideonly{\Qref{official logo}{Q-logos}}\narrowonly{official logo~--- \Qref{\relax}{Q-logos}}) +% the \relax allows sanitize to cope with the line. just don't ask... +a single-stroke epsilon +(\latexhtml{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}{ε}, supposedly +indicative of no more than a small change). + +\LaTeXe{} has several enhancements over \LaTeXo{}, but they were all +rather minor, with a view to continuity and stability rather than the +``big push'' that some had expected from the team. \LaTeXe{} +continues to this day to offer a compatibility mode in which most +files prepared for use with \LaTeXo{} will run (albeit with somewhat +reduced performance, and subject to voluminous complaints in the log +file). Differences between \LaTeXe{} and \LaTeXo{} are +outlined in a series of `guide' files that are available in every +\LaTeX{} distribution (the same directory also contains ``news'' about +each new release of \LaTeXe{}). + +Note that, now, \latexe{} is ``feature frozen'' (the only allowed +changes come from bug reports); this, too, is in pursuit of stability, +and is a driving force for many of the efforts to contribute \latex{} +packages. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeX{} guides and news]\CTANref{latexdoc} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-08-19} + +\Question[Q-latexpronounce]{How should I pronounce ``\LaTeX{}(\twee{})''?} + +Lamport never recommended how one should pronounce \LaTeX{}, but a lot +of people pronounce it `Lay \TeX{}' or perhaps `Lah \TeX{}' (with +\TeX{} pronounced as the program itself; see +\Qref[question]{the rules for TeX}{Q-TeXpronounce}). It is definitely +\emph{not} to be pronounced in the same way as the rubber-tree gum +(which would be `lay teks'). + +The \LaTeXe{} logo is supposed to end with an +\latexhtml{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}{ε}; nevertheless, most +people pronounce the name as `\LaTeX{}-two-ee'. +\LastEdit{2009-06-08} + +\Question[Q-plainvltx]{Should I use \plaintex{} or \LaTeX{}?} + +There's no straightforward answer to this question. Many people swear +by \plaintex{}, and produce highly respectable documents using it +(Knuth is an example of this, of course). But equally, many people +are happy to let someone else take the design decisions for them, +accepting a small loss of flexibility in exchange for a saving of +(mental) effort. + +The arguments around this topic can provoke huge amounts of noise and +heat, without offering much by way of light; your best bet may be to +find out what those around you are using, and to follow them in the +hope of some support. Later on, you can always switch your +allegiance; don't bother about it. + +If you are preparing a manuscript for a publisher or journal, ask them +what markup they want before you +develop your own; many big publishers have developed their own +\AllTeX{} styles for journals and books, and insist that authors stick +closely to their markup. + +\Question[Q-LaTeXandPlain]{How does \LaTeX{} relate to \plaintex{}?} + +\LaTeX{} is a program written in the programming language \TeX{}. (In +the same sense, any \LaTeX{} document is also a program, which is +designed to run `alongside', or `inside' \LaTeX{}, whichever metaphor +you prefer.) + +\plaintex{} is also a program written in the programming language +\TeX{}. + +Both exist because writing your documents in `raw' \TeX{} would +involve much reinventing of wheels for every document. They both +serve as convenient aids to make document writing more pleasant: +\LaTeX{} is a far more extensive aid. + +\LaTeX{} is close to being a superset of \plaintex{}. Many documents +designed for \plaintex{} will work with \LaTeX{} with no more than +minor modifications (though some will require substantial work). + +Interpretation of any \AllTeX{} program involves some data-driven +elements, and \LaTeX{} has a wider range of such elements than does +\plaintex{}. As a result, the mapping from \LaTeX{} to \plaintex{} +is far less clear than that in the other direction~--- see a later +answer about \Qref*{translating to \plaintex{}}{Q-LaTeXtoPlain}. + +\Question[Q-context]{What is \CONTeXT{}?} + +\href{http://www.pragma-ade.com/}{\CONTeXT{}} is a macro package +developed by Hans Hagen of Pragma-Ade; it started as a production tool +for Pragma (which is a publishing company). \CONTeXT{} is a +document-production system based, like \LaTeX{}, on the \TeX{} +typesetting system. Whereas \LaTeX{} insulates the writer from +typographical details, \CONTeXT{} takes a complementary approach by +providing structured interfaces for handling typography, including +extensive support for colors, backgrounds, hyperlinks, presentations, +figure-text integration, and conditional compilation. It gives the +user extensive control over formatting while making it easy to create +new layouts and styles without learning the \TeX{} macro +language. \CONTeXT{}'s unified design avoids the package clashes that +can happen with \LaTeX{}. + +\CONTeXT{} also integrates MetaFun, a superset of \MP{} and a powerful +system for vector graphics. MetaFun can be used as a stand-alone +system to produce figures, but its strength lies in enhancing +\CONTeXT{} documents with accurate graphic elements. + +\CONTeXT{} allows the users to specify formatting commands in English, +Dutch, German, French, or Italian, and to use different typesetting +engines (\PDFTeX{}, Xe\TeX{}, Aleph and \LuaTeX{}) without +changing the user interface. \CONTeXT{} continues to develop, often in +response to requests from the user community. + +\CONTeXT{} has been bound to the development of +\Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, almost from the start of that project. +Nowadays, it is distributed in two versions~--- mark two (files with +extension \extension{mkii} (which runs on \pdftex{} but is not under +active development) and mark four files with extension +\extension{mkiv} (which runs on \luatex{} and is where development +happens). + +\CONTeXT{} has a large developer community (though possibly not as +large as that of latex{}), but those developers who are active seem to have +prodigious energy. Support is available via a % ! line break +\href{http://contextgarden.net}{\acro{WIKI} site} and via the +\href{http://www.ntg.nl/mailman/listinfo/ntg-context}{mailing list}; +a ``standalone'' distribution (a \TeX{} distribution with no macros +other than \context{}-based ones) is available from +\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/ConTeXt_Standalone}~--- it provides +a \context{} system on any of a number of platforms, executing either +mark~ii or mark~iv \context{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\CONTeXT{} distribution]\CTANref{context} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-11-02} + +\Question[Q-AMSpkg]{What are the \acro{AMS} packages (\AMSTeX{}, \emph{etc}.)?} + +\AMSTeX{} is a \TeX{} macro package, originally written by Michael Spivak for +the American Mathematical Society (\acro{AMS}) during 1983--1985 and +is described in the book ``\Qref*{The Joy of \TeX{}}{Q-tex-books}''. +It is based on \plaintex{}, and provides many +features for producing more professional-looking maths formulas with +less burden on authors. It pays attention to the finer details of +sizing and positioning that mathematical publishers care about. The +aspects covered include multi-line displayed equations, equation +numbering, ellipsis dots, matrices, double accents, multi-line +subscripts, syntax checking (faster processing on initial +error-checking \TeX{} runs), and other things. + +As \LaTeX{} increased in popularity, authors sought to submit papers to +the \acro{AMS} in \LaTeX{}, so \AMSLaTeX{} was developed. \AMSLaTeX{} +is a collection of \LaTeX{} packages and classes that offer authors most of +the functionality of \AMSTeX{}. +The \acro{AMS} no longer recommends the use of \AMSTeX{}, and urges +its authors to use \AMSLaTeX{} instead. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\AMSTeX{} distribution]\CTANref{amstex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\AMSLaTeX{} distribution]\CTANref{amslatex} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-eplain]{What is \Eplain{}?} + +The \href{http://tug.org/eplain}{\Eplain{}} +macro package expands on and extends the definitions in \plaintex{}. +\Eplain{} is not intended to provide ``generic typesetting +capabilities'', as do \CONTeXT{}, \LaTeX{} or +\Qref*{Texinfo}{Q-texinfo}. Instead, it defines macro tools that +should be useful whatever commands you choose to use when you prepare +your manuscript. + +For example, \Eplain{} does not have a command \csx{section}, +which would format section headings in an ``appropriate'' way, as +\LaTeX{}'s \csx{section} does. The philosophy of \Eplain{} is that +some people will always need or want to go beyond the macro designer's +idea of ``appropriate''. Such canned macros are fine~--- as long as you +are willing to accept the resulting output. If you don't like the +results, or if you are trying to match a different format, you are out +of luck. + +On the other hand, almost everyone would like capabilities such as +cross-referencing by labels, so that you don't have to put actual page +numbers in the manuscript. The authors of \Eplain{} believe it is the +only generally available macro package that does not force its +typographic style on an author, and yet provides these capabilities. + +Another useful feature of \Eplain{} is the ability to create PDF files +with hyperlinks. The cross-referencing macros can implicitly generate +hyperlinks for the cross-references, but you can also create explicit +hyperlinks, both internal (pointing to a destination within the +current document) and external (pointing to another local document or +a URL). + +Several \LaTeX{} packages provide capabilities which \plaintex{} +users are lacking, most notably text colouring and rotation provided by +the \Package{graphics} bundle (packages \Package{color} and +\Package{graphics}). Although the \Package{graphics} bundle provides +a \plaintex{} ``loader'' for some of the packages, it is not a +trivial job to pass options to those packages under \plaintex{}, and +much of the functionality of the packages is accessed through package +options. \Eplain{} extends the loader so that options can be passed +to the packages just as they are in \LaTeX{}. The following packages are +known to work with \Eplain{}: \Package{graphics}, \Package{graphicx}, +\Package{color}, \Package{autopict} (\LaTeX{} picture environment), +\Package{psfrag}, and \Package{url}. + +\href{http://tug.org/docs/html/eplain}{\Eplain{} documentation} is +available online (there's a \acro{PDF} copy in the \acro{CTAN} +package as well), and there's also a mailing list~--- sign up, or +browse the list archives, via +\URL{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/tex-eplain} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\Eplain{} distribution]\CTANref{eplain} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-07-13} + +\Question[Q-texinfo]{What is Texinfo?} + +Texinfo is a documentation system that uses one source file to produce +both on-line information and printed output. So instead of writing +two different documents, one for the on-line help and the other for a +typeset manual, you need write only one document source file. When +the work is revised, you need only revise one document. By +convention, Texinfo source file names end with a \extension{texi} or +\extension{texinfo} extension. + +Texinfo is a macro language, somewhat similar to \LaTeX{}, but with +slightly less expressive power. Its appearance is of course rather +similar to any \TeX{}-based macro language, except that its macros +start with \texttt{@} rather than the |\| that's more commonly used in +\TeX{} systems. + +You can write and format Texinfo files into Info files within \acro{GNU} +\ProgName{emacs}, and read them using the \ProgName{emacs} Info +reader. You can also format Texinfo files into Info files using +\ProgName{makeinfo} and read them using \ProgName{info}, so you're not +dependent on \ProgName{emacs}. The distribution includes a +\ProgName{Perl} script, \ProgName{texi2html}, that will convert +Texinfo sources into \acro{HTML}: the language is a far better fit to +\acro{HTML} than is \LaTeX{}, so that the breast-beating agonies of +\Qref*{converting \LaTeX{} to \acro{HTML}}{Q-LaTeX2HTML} are largely +avoided. + +Finally, of course, you can also print the files, or convert them to +\acro{PDF} using \PDFTeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Texinfo distribution]\CTANref{texinfo} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-whyfree]{If \TeX{} is so good, how come it's free?} + +It's free because Knuth chose to make it so (he makes money from +royalties on his \TeX{} books, which still sell well). He is nevertheless +apparently happy that others should earn money by selling \TeX{}-based +services and products. While several valuable \TeX{}-related tools and +packages are offered subject to restrictions imposed by the \acro{GNU} +General Public Licence (\acro{GPL}, sometimes referred to as +`Copyleft'), \TeX{} itself is not subject to \acro{GPL}. + +There are commercial versions of \TeX{} available; for some users, +it's reassuring to have paid support. What is more, some of the +commercial implementations +have features that are not available in free versions. (The +reverse is also true: some free implementations have features +not available commercially.) + +This \acro{FAQ} concentrates on `free' distributions of \TeX{}, but we +do at least list the \Qref*{major vendors}{Q-commercial}. +\LastEdit{2011-07-06} + +\Question[Q-TeXfuture]{What is the future of \TeX{}?} + +Knuth has declared that he will do no further development of \TeX{}; +he will continue to fix any bugs that are reported to him (though +bugs are rare). This decision was made soon after +\TeX{} version~3.0 was released; at each bug-fix release +the version number acquires one more digit, so that it tends to the +limit~\ensuremath{\pi} (at the time of writing, Knuth's latest release +is version 3.1415926). Knuth wants \TeX{} to be frozen at +version~\ensuremath{\pi} when he dies; thereafter, no further changes +may be made to Knuth's source. (A similar rule is applied to \MF{}; +its version number tends to the limit~\ensuremath{e}, and currently +stands at 2.718281.) + +Knuth explains his decision, and exhorts us all to respect it, in a +paper originally published in % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb11-4/tb30knut.pdf}{\TUGboat{} 11(4)}, +and reprinted in the % ! line break +\href{http://www.ntg.nl/maps/pdf/5_34.pdf}{NTG journal MAPS}. + +There are projects (some of them long-term +projects: see, for example, +\Qref[question]{the LaTeX3 project}{Q-LaTeX3}) +%\Qref[and]{and the SGML work}{Q-SGML}) +to build substantial +new macro packages based on \TeX{}. There are also +various projects to build a \emph{successor} to \TeX{}. The +\Qref*{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex} extension to \TeX{} itself arose from such a +project (\acro{NTS}). Another pair of projects, which have delivered +all the results they are likely to deliver, is the related % ! line break +\Qref*{Omega and Aleph}{Q-omegaleph}. The % ! line break +\Qref*{\xetex{} system}{Q-xetex} is in principle still under +development, but is widely used, and the % ! line break +\Qref*{\LuaTeX{} project}{Q-luatex} (though not scheduled to produce +its final product until end 2012) has already delivered a system that +is quite useful. +\LastEdit{2012-10-10} + +\Question[Q-readtex]{Reading \AllTeX{} files} + +So you've been sent a \TeX{} file: what are you going to do with it? + +You can, of course, ``just read it'', since it's a plain text file, +but the markup tags in the document may prove distracting. Most of +the time, even \TeX{} experts will typeset a \TeX{} file before +attempting to read it. + +So, you need to typeset the document. The good news is that \TeX{} +systems are available, free, for most sorts of computer; the bad news +is that you need a pretty complete \TeX{} system even to read a single +file, and complete \TeX{} systems are pretty large. + +\TeX{} is a typesetting system that arose from a publishing project (see +\wideonly{``}\Qref[question]{what is \TeX{}}{Q-whatTeX}\wideonly{''}), +and its basic source is available free from its author. However, at +its root, it is \emph{just} a typesetting engine: even to view or to +print the typeset output, you will need ancillary programs. In short, +you need a \TeX{} \emph{distribution}~--- a collection of +\TeX{}-related programs tailored to your operating system: for details +of the sorts of things that are available, see +% beware line break +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{\TeX{} distributions}{Q-TeXsystems}\htmlonly{''} +or +% beware line break +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[\htmlonly]{commercial \TeX{} distributions}{Q-commercial}\latexhtml{ (for commercial distributions)}{''}. + +But beware~--- \TeX{} makes no attempt to look like the sort of +\WYSIWYG{} system you're probably used to (see +% beware line wrap +\wideonly{``}\Qref[question]{why is \TeX{} not \WYSIWYG{}}{Q-notWYSIWYG}\wideonly{''}): +while many modern versions of \TeX{} have a compile--view cycle that +rivals the best commercial word processors in its responsiveness, what +you type is usually \emph{markup}, which typically defines a logical +(rather than a visual) view of what you want typeset. + +So there's a balance between the simplicity of the original +(marked-up) document, which can more-or-less be read in \emph{any} +editor, and the really rather large investment needed to install a +system to read a document ``as intended''. + +Are you ``put off'' by all this?~--- remember that \tex{} is good at +producing \acro{PDF}: why not ask the person who sent the \tex{} file +to send an \acro{PDF} copy? +\LastEdit{2012-10-10} + +\Question[Q-notWYSIWYG]{Why is \TeX{} not a \WYSIWYG{} system?} + +\WYSIWYG{} is a marketing term (``What you see is what you get'') for +a particular style of text processor. \WYSIWYG{} systems are +characterised by two principal claims: that you type what you want to +print, and that what you see on the screen as you type is a close +approximation to how your text will finally be printed. + +The simple answer to the question is, of course, that \TeX{} was +conceived long before the marketing term, at a time when the marketing +imperative wasn't perceived as significant. However, that was a long +time ago: why has nothing been done with the ``wonder text processor'' +to make it fit with modern perceptions? + +There are two answers to this. First, the simple ``things \emph{have} +been done'' (but they've not taken over the \TeX{} world); and second, +``there are philosophical reasons why the way \TeX{} has developed is +ill-suited to the \WYSIWYG{} style''. +Indeed, there is a fundamental problem with applying \WYSIWYG{} techniques +to \TeX{}: the complexity of \TeX{} makes it hard to get the +equivalent of \TeX{}'s output without actually running \TeX{}. + +A celebrated early system offering ``\WYSIWYG{} using \TeX{}'' came from the +Vor\TeX{} project: a pair of (early) Sun workstations worked in +tandem, one handling the user interface while the other beavered away +in the background typesetting the result. Vor\TeX{} was quite +impressive for its time, but the two workstations combined had hugely less +power than the average sub-thousand dollar Personal Computer +nowadays, and its code has not proved portable (it never even made the +last `great' \TeX{} version change, at the turn of the 1990s, to +\TeX{} version 3). Modern systems that are similar in +their approach are Lightning Textures (an extension of +Blue Sky's original \TeX{} system for the Macintosh), and Scientific +Word (which can also cooperate with a computer algebra system); both +these systems are \Qref*{commercially available}{Q-commercial}. + +The issue has of recent years started to attract attention from \TeX{} +developers, and several interesting projects addressing the +``\Qref*{\TeX{} document preparation environment}{Q-WYGexpts}'' +are in progress. + +Nevertheless, the \TeX{} world has taken a long time to latch onto the +idea of \WYSIWYG{}. +Apart from simple arrogance (``we're better, and have no need to +consider the petty doings of the commercial word processor market''), +there is a real conceptual difference between the word processor model +of the world and the model \LaTeX{} and \CONTeXT{} employ~--- the idea of +``markup''. ``Pure'' markup expresses a logical model of a document, +where every object within the document is labelled according to what +it is rather than how it should appear: appearance is deduced from the +properties of the type of object. Properly applied, markup can +provide valuable assistance when it comes to re-use of documents. + +Established \WYSIWYG{} systems find the expression of this sort of +structured markup difficult; however, markup \emph{is} starting to +appear in the lists of the commercial world's requirements, for two +reasons. First, an element of markup helps impose style on a +document, and commercial users are increasingly obsessed with +uniformity of style; and second, the increasingly pervasive use of +\acro{XML}-derived document archival formats demands it. The same +challenges must needs be addressed by \TeX{}-based document +preparation support schemes, so we are +observing a degree of confluence of the needs of the two communities: +interesting times may be ahead of us. + +\Question[Q-TUG*]{\TeX{} User Groups} + +There has been a \TeX{} User Group since very near the time \TeX{} +first appeared. That first group, \acro{TUG}, is still active and its +journal \textsl{TUGboat} continues in regular publication +with articles about \TeX{}, \MF{} and related technologies, and about +document design, processing and production. \acro{TUG} holds a yearly +conference, whose proceedings are published in \textsl{TUGboat}. + +\acro{TUG}'s \href{http://www.tug.org}{web site} is a valuable +resource for all sorts of +\TeX{}-related matters, such as details of \TeX{} software, and lists +of \TeX{} vendors and \TeX{} consultants. Back articles from +\textsl{TUGboat} are also available. + +Some time ago, \acro{TUG} established a ``technical council'', whose +task was to oversee the development of \TeX{}nical projects. Most +such projects nowadays go on their way without any support from +\acro{TUG}, but \acro{TUG}'s web site lists its +\htmlignore +\ifpdf +\href{http://www.tug.org/twg.html}{Technical Working Groups (\acro{TWG}s)}. +\else +Technical Working Groups (\acro{TWG}s: see +\URL{http://www.tug.org/twg.html}). +\fi +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\href{http://www.tug.org/twg.html}{Technical Working Groups (\acro{TWG}s)}. +\end{htmlversion} + +\acro{TUG} has a reasonable claim to be considered a world-wide +organisation, but there are many national and regional user groups, +too; \acro{TUG}'s web site maintains a list of +\htmlignore +\ifpdf +\href{http://www.tug.org/lugs.html}{``Local User Groups'' (\acro{LUG}s)}. +\else +``local user groups'' (\acro{LUG}s: see +\URL{http://www.tug.org/lugs.html}). +\fi +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\href{http://www.tug.org/lugs.html}{``local user groups'' (\acro{LUG}s)}. +\end{htmlversion} + +Contact \acro{TUG} itself via \URL{http://tug.org/contact} +LastEdit{2011-09-19} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-biblio.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-biblio.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9bece3e6f2d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-biblio.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1463 @@ +% $Id: faq-biblio.tex,v 1.14 2012/11/10 14:25:12 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Bibliographies and citations} + +\subsection{Creating bibliographies} + +\Question[Q-buildbib]{Creating a \BibTeX{} bibliography file} + +A \BibTeX{} bibliography file may reasonably be compared to a small +database, the entries in which are references to literature that may +be called up by citations in a document. + +Each entry in the bibliography has a \emph{type} and a unique +\emph{key}. The bibliography is read, by \BibTeX{}, using the details +specified in a \emph{bibliography style}. From the style, \BibTeX{} +finds what entry types are permissible, what \emph{fields} each entry +type has, and how to format the whole entry. + +The type specifies the type of document you're making reference to; it +may run all the way from things like ``\environment{Book}'' and +``\environment{Proceedings}'' (which may even contain other citations +of type ``\environment{InBook}'' or ``\environment{InProceedings}'') +through dissertation styles like ``\environment{PhdThesis}'' to +otherwise-uncategorisable things such as ``\environment{Misc}''. The +unique key is something you choose yourself: it's what you use when +you want to \Qref*{cite an entry in the file}{Q-usebibtex}. People +commonly create a key that combines the (primary) author's name and +the year of publication, possibly with a marker to distinguish +publications in the same year. So, for example, the Dyson, Eddington, +Davidson paper about deflection of starlight appears in my +experimental \extension{bib} file as \texttt{Dyson20.1}. + +So, noting the rules of the style, you have `simply' to write a +bibliography database. Fortunately, there are several tools to help +in this endeavour: +\begin{itemize} +\item Most of the better \Qref*{\AllTeX{}-oriented editors}{Q-editors} + have ``\BibTeX{} modes''. +\item If you have an existing \environment{thebibliography} + environment, the \ProgName{Perl} script \ProgName{tex2bib} will + probably help. +\item There are a number of \BibTeX{} bibliography management systems + available, some of which permit a graphical user interface to the + task. Sadly, none seems to be available with the ordinary \TeX{} + distributions. + + Tools such as \ProgName{Xbibfile} (a graphical user interface), + \ProgName{ebib} (a database application written to run `inside' + \ProgName{emacs}) and + \ProgName{btOOL} (a set of \ProgName{perl} tools for building + \BibTeX{} database handlers) are available from \acro{CTAN}. + + Other systems, such as + \href{http://refdb.sourceforge.net/}{\ProgName{RefDB}}, + \href{http://www.nongnu.org/biborb}{BibORB}, + \href{http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/}{\ProgName{BibDesk}}, + \href{http://pybliographer.org}{\ProgName{pybliographer}} and the + \ProgName{Java}-based + \href{http://freshmeat.net/projects/bibkeeper/}{\ProgName{Bibkeeper}} + and \href{http://jabref.sourceforge.net}{\ProgName{JabRef}} (which + claims to supersede \ProgName{Bibkeeper}) + are only available from their development sites. +% review of web database offerings in textex_368 +\item Some commercial citation-management systems will export in + \BibTeX{} format; an example is + \href{http://www.endnote.com/}{EndNote}. +\item Data from on-line citation databases may often be translated to + \BibTeX{} format by utilities to be found on \acro{CTAN}. For + example, the \ProgName{Perl} script \ProgName{isi2bibtex} will + translate citations from \acro{ISI} ``Web of knowledge'' (a + subscription service, available to \acro{UK} academics via + \acro{BIDS}). UK academics may translate \acro{BIDS} downloads + using \ProgName{bids.to.bibtex} +\item \href{http://scholar.google.com}{Google Scholar} provides an + ``Import into \BibTeX{}'' tab for each reference it finds for you: + that tab gives you a page containing a \BibTeX{} entry for the + reference. +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bids.to.bibtex]\CTANref{bidstobibtex} +\item[btOOL]\CTANref{btOOL} +\item[ebib]\CTANref{ebib} +\item[isi2bibtex]\CTANref{isi2bibtex} +\item[tex2bib]\CTANref{tex2bib} +\item[tex2bib.readme]\CTANref{tex2bib-doc} +\item[xbibfile]\CTANref{xbibfile} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-custbib]{Creating a bibliography style} + +It \emph{is} possible to write your own: the standard bibliography +styles are distributed in a form with many comments, and there is a description +of the language in the \bibtex{} distribution (see % ! line wrap +\Qref[question]{BibTeX documentation}{Q-BibTeXing}). +However, it must be admitted that the language in which \BibTeX{} +styles are written is pretty obscure, and one would not recommend +anyone who's not a confident programmer to write their own, though +minor changes to an existing style may be within the grasp of many. + +If your style isn't too `far out', you can probably generate it by +using the facilities of the \Package{custom-bib} bundle. This +contains a file \File{makebst.tex}, which runs you through a text menu +to produce a file of instructions, with which you can generate your +own \extension{bst} file. This technique doesn't offer entirely new styles +of document, but the system's ``master \BibTeX{} styles'' already +offer significantly more than the \BibTeX{} standard set. + +An alternative, which is increassingly often recommended, to use +\Qref*{\Package{biblatex}}{Q-biblatex}. \Package{Biblatex} offers +many hooks for adjusting the format of the output of your `basic' +\bibtex{} style, and a collection of `contributed' styles have also +started to appear. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[biblatex.sty]\CTANref{biblatex} +\item[biblatex \nothtml{\normalfont}contributed styles]\CTANref{biblatex-contrib} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}\BibTeX{} documentation]\CTANref{bibtex} +\item[makebst.tex]Distributed with \CTANref{custom-bib} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-capbibtex]{Capitalisation in \BibTeX{}} + +The standard \BibTeX{} bibliography styles impose fixed ideas about +the capitalisation of titles of things in the bibliography. While +this is not unreasonable by \BibTeX{}'s lights (the rules come from +the \emph{Chicago Manual of Style}) it can be troublesome, since +\BibTeX{} fails to recognise special uses (such as acronyms, chemical +formulae, etc.). + +The solution is to enclose the letter or letters, whose capitalisation +\BibTeX{} should not touch, in braces, as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +title = {The {THE} operating system}, +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Sometimes you find \BibTeX{} changing the case of a single letter +inappropriately. No matter: the technique can be applied to single +letters, as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +title = {Te{X}niques and tips}, +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +If your document design specification requires a different style of +capitalisation, you should acquire a bibliography style that doesn't +enforce \BibTeX{}'s default rules. It is definitely \emph{not} a good +idea to enclose an entire title in braces, as in +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +title = {{TeXniques and tips}}, +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +though that does ensure that the capitalisation is not changed. Your +\BibTeX{} database should be a general-purpose thing, not something +tuned to the requirements of a particular document or bibliography +style, or to the way you are thinking today~--- for example, on a +future occasion, you might find yourself using a different \BibTeX{} +style with different capitalisation rules. + +There's more on the subject in the +% beware line wrap +\Qref*{\BibTeX{} documentation}{Q-BibTeXing}. + +\Question[Q-bibaccent]{Accents in bibliographies} + +\BibTeX{} not only has a tendency (by default) to mess about with the +% line wrap +\Qref*{case of letters in your bibliography}{Q-capbibtex}, +also makes a hash of accent commands: +``\texttt{ma}\csx{\textasciitilde}\texttt{nana}'' comes out as ``ma +nana'' (!). The solution is similar that of the letter case problem: +enclose the troublesome sequence in braces, as +``\texttt{\{}\csx{\textasciitilde}\texttt{n\}}'', in this example. + +\Question[Q-bibstrtl]{`String too long' in \BibTeX{}} + +The \BibTeX{} diagnostic ``Warning--you've exceeded 1000, the +\texttt{global-string-size}, for entry \texttt{foo}'' usually arises +from a very large abstract or annotation included in the database. +The diagnostic usually arises because of an infelicity in the coding of +\File{abstract.bst}, or styles derived from it. (One doesn't +ordinarily output annotations in other styles.) + +The solution is to make a copy of the style file (or get a clean copy +from \acro{CTAN}~--- \CTANref{abstract-bst}), and rename it (e.g., on a +long file-name system, to \File{abstract-long.bst}). Now edit it: find +function \texttt{output.nonnull} and +\begin{itemize} +\item change its first line (line 60 in the version on \acro{CTAN}) + from +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{ 's := +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{ swap$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Finally, +\item delete the function's last line, which just says ``\texttt{s} + (line 84 in the version on \acro{CTAN}). +\end{itemize} +Finally, change your \csx{bibliographystyle} command to refer to the +name of the new file. + +This technique applies equally to any bibliography style: the same +change can be made to any similar \texttt{output.nonnull} function. + +If you're reluctant to make this sort of change, the only way forward +is to take the entry out of the database, so that you don't encounter +\BibTeX{}'s limit, but you may need to retain the entry because it +will be included in the typeset document. In such cases, put the body +of the entry in a separate file: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{long.boring, + author = "Fred Verbose", + ... + abstract = "{\input{abstracts/long.tex}}" +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In this way, you arrange that all \BibTeX{} has to deal with is the +file name, though it will tell \TeX{} (when appropriate) to include +all the long text. + +\Question[Q-manyauthor]{\BibTeX{} doesn't understand lists of names} + +\BibTeX{} has a strict syntax for lists of authors' (or editors') +names in the \BibTeX{} data file; if you write the list of names in a +``natural''-seeming way, the chances are you will confuse \BibTeX{}, +and the output produced will be quite different from what you had +hoped. + +Names should be expressed in one of the forms +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +First Last +Last, First +Last, Suffix, First +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and lists of names should be separated with ``\texttt{and}''. +For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +AUTHOR = {Fred Q. Bloggs, John P. Doe \& + Another Idiot} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +falls foul of two of the above rules: a syntactically significant +comma appears in an incorrect place, and `\csx{\&}' is being used as a +name separator. The output of the above might be something like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +John P. Doe \& Another Idiot Fred Q. Bloggs +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +John P. Doe \& Another Idiot + Fred Q. Bloggs +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +because ``John P. Doe \& Another Idiot has become the `first name', +while ``Fred Q. Bloggs'' has become the `last name' of a single +person. The example should have been written: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +AUTHOR = {Fred Q. Bloggs and + John P. Doe and + Another Idiot} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +AUTHOR = {Fred Q. Bloggs and John P. Doe and + Another Idiot} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +Some bibliography styles implement clever acrobatics with very long +author lists. You can force truncation by using the pseudo-name +``\texttt{others}'', which will usually translate to something like +``\emph{et al}'' in the typeset output. So, if Mr.~Bloggs wanted to +distract attention from his co-authors, he would write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +AUTHOR = {Fred Q. Bloggs and others} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-citeURL]{\acro{URL}s in \BibTeX{} bibliographies} + +There is no citation type for \acro{URL}s, \emph{per se}, in the +standard \BibTeX{} styles, though Oren Patashnik (the author of +\BibTeX{}) is believed to be considering developing one such for use +with the long-awaited \BibTeX{} version~1.0. + +The actual information that need be available in a citation of an +\acro{URL} is discussed at some length in the publicly available +on-line +\begin{narrowversion} + extracts of \acro{ISO}~690--2, available via + \URL{http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm}; + % checked 2004-01-15 +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\href{http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm}{extracts of \acro{ISO}\nobreakspace690--2}; +\end{wideversion} +the techniques below do \emph{not} satisfy all the requirements of +\acro{ISO}~690--2, but they offer a solution that is at least +available to users of today's tools. + +Until the new version of \BibTeX{} arrives, the simplest technique is +to use the \texttt{howpublished} field of the standard styles' \texttt{@misc} +function. Of course, the strictures +about \Qref*{typesetting \acro{URL}s}{Q-setURL} still apply, so the +entry will look like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +@misc{..., + ..., + howpublished = "\url{http://...}" +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +A possible alternative approach is to use \BibTeX{} styles other than +the standard ones, that already have \acro{URL} entry types. +Candidates are: +\begin{itemize} +\item The \Package{natbib} styles (\Package{plainnat}, + \Package{unsrtnat} and \Package{abbrevnat}), which are extensions of + the standard styles, principally for use with \Package{natbib} + itself. However, they've acquired \acro{URL}s and other ``modern'' + entries along the way. The same author's \Package{custom-bib} is + also capable of generating styles that honour \acro{URL} entries. +\item The \Package{babelbib} bundle, which offers % ! line break + \Qref*{multilingual bibliographies}{Q-i18nbib}, similarly provides a + set of standard-style equivalents that have \acro{URL} entries. +\item More modern styles such as the \Package{harvard} package (if the + citation styles are otherwise satisfactory for you). + \Package{Harvard} bibliography styles all include a ``\texttt{url}'' + field in their specification; however, the typesetting offered is + somewhat feeble (though it does recognise and use + \ProgName{LaTeX2HTML} macros if they are available, to create + hyperlinks). +\end{itemize} +You can also acquire new \BibTeX{} styles by use of Norman Gray's +\Package{urlbst} system, which is based on a \ProgName{Perl} script +that edits an existing \BibTeX{} style file to produce a new +style. The new style thus generated has a \texttt{webpage} entry type, and +also offers support for \texttt{url} and \texttt{lastchecked} fields +in the other entry types. The \ProgName{Perl} script comes with a set +of converted versions of the standard bibliography styles. + +Another possibility is that some conventionally-published paper, +technical report (or even book) is also available on the Web. In such +cases, a useful technique is something like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@techreport{..., + ..., + note = "Also available as \url{http://...}" +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@techreport{..., + ..., + note = "Also available as + \url{http://...}" +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +There is good reason to use the \Package{url} or \Package{hyperref} +packages in this context: \BibTeX{} has a habit of splitting +lines it considers excessively long, and if there are no space +characters for it to use as `natural' breakpoints, \BibTeX{} will +insert a comment (`\texttt{\textpercent}') character~\dots{}\@ which +is an acceptable character in an \acro{URL}. Any current version of the +\Package{url} or \Package{hyperref} package detects this +``\texttt{\textpercent}--end-of-line'' structure in its argument, and +removes it. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[babelbib \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{babelbib} +\item[custom-bib \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{custom-bib} +\item[harvard.sty]\CTANref{harvard} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\item[natbib \nothtml{\rmfamily}styles]\CTANref{natbib} +\item[url.sty]\CTANref{url} +\item[urlbst]\CTANref{urlbst} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-bibplain]{Using \BibTeX{} with \plaintex{}} + +The file \File{btxmac.tex} (which is part of the \Eplain{} system) +contains macros and documentation for using \BibTeX{} with +\plaintex{}, either directly or with \Qref*{\Eplain{}}{Q-eplain}. See +\Qref[question]{the use of \BibTeX{}}{Q-BibTeXing} for more +information about \BibTeX{} itself. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[btxmac.tex]\CTANref{btxmactex} +\item[eplain \nothtml{\rmfamily}system]\CTANref{eplain} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-makebib]{Reconstructing \extension{bib} files} + +Perhaps you've lost the \extension{bib} file you generated your document from, +or have been sent a document without one. Or even, you've realised +the error of building a substantial document without the benefit of +\BibTeX{}\dots{} + +The \ProgName{Perl} script, \Package{tex2bib} makes a reasonable job +of regenerating \extension{bib} files from \environment{thebibliography} +environments, provided that the original (whether automatically or +manually generated) doesn't deviate too far from the ``standard'' +styles. + +You are well-advised to check the output of the script. While it will +not usually destroy information, it can quite reasonably mislabel it. + +Documentation of the script is to be found in the file \File{tex2bib.readme} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[tex2bib]\CTANref{tex2bib} +\item[tex2bib.readme]\CTANref{tex2bib-doc} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-bibprefixsort]{\BibTeX{} sorting and name prefixes} + +\BibTeX{} recognises a bewildering array of name prefixes (mostly +those deriving from European language names); it ignores the prefixes +when sorting the bibliography~--- you want ``Ludwig van Beethoven'' +sorted under ``Beethoven'', not under ``van''. (Lamport made a witty +deliberate mistake with Beethoven's name, in the first edition of his +\LaTeX{} manual.) + +However, a recurring issue is the desire to quote Lord Rayleigh's +publications (``Lord'' isn't an acceptable prefix), or names from +languages that weren't considered when \BibTeX{} was designed such as +``al-Wakil'' (transcribed from the Arabic). What's needed is a +separate ``sort key'', but \BibTeX{} only allows such a thing in +citations of items that have no author or editor. + +The solution is to embed the sort key in the author's name, but to +prevent it from being typeset. Patashnik recommends a command +\csx{noopsort} (no-output-sortkey), which is defined and used as +follows: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@PREAMBLE{ {\providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}} } +... +@ARTICLE{Rayleigh1, +AUTHOR = "{\noopsort{Rayleigh}}{Lord Rayleigh}", +... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@PREAMBLE{ + {\providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}} +} +... +@ARTICLE{Rayleigh1, +AUTHOR = + "\noopsort{Rayleigh}{Lord Rayleigh}", +... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +Note that this \csx{noopsort} applies to the last name in this kind of +construct, so an author with an Arabic name might be rendered: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... +AUTHOR = "Ali {\noopsort{Hadiidii}}{al-Hadiidii}", +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... +AUTHOR = + "Ali {\noopsort{Hadiidii}}{al-Hadiidii}", +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +A further use might deal with word order games, as in the famous +Vietnamese name: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... +AUTHOR = "\noopsort{Thanh Han The}{Han The Thanh}", +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... +AUTHOR = + "\noopsort{Thanh Han The}{Han The Thanh}", +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +though that author seems well-acquainted with Western confusion about +the significance of the parts of his name (even to the extent of +missing out the accentuation, as above\dots{}). + +\Question[Q-bibtranscinit]{`Multi-letter' initials in \BibTeX{}} +\keywords{compound initials, transcribed initials} + +If your bibliographic style uses initials~+ surname, you may encounter +a problem with some transcribed names (for example, Russian ones). +Consider the following example from the real world: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{epifanov1997, + author = {Epifanov, S. Yu. and + Vigasin, A. A.}, + title = ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{epifanov1997, + author = {Epifanov, S. Yu. and Vigasin, A. A.}, + title = ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +Note that the ``Yu'' is the initial, not a complete name. However, +\BibTeX{}'s algorithms will leave you with a citation~--- +slightly depending on the bibliographic style~--- that reads: +``S. Y. Epifanov and A. A. Vigasin, \dots{}''. instead of the intended +``S. Yu. Epifanov and A. A. Vigasin, \dots{}''. + +One solution is to replace each affected initial by a command that +prints the correct combination. To keep your bibliography portable, +you need to add that command to your bibliography with the +\texttt{@preamble} directive: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@preamble{ {\providecommand{\BIBYu}{Yu} } } + +@article{epifanov1997, + author = {Epifanov, S. {\BIBYu}. and + Vigasin, A. A.}, + title = ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +@preamble{ {\providecommand{\BIBYu}{Yu} } } + +@article{epifanov1997, + author = {Epifanov, S. {\BIBYu}. and Vigasin, A. A.}, + title = ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +If you have many such commands, you may want to put them in a separate +file and \csx{input} that \LaTeX{} file in a \texttt{@preamble} +directive. + +An alternative is to make the transcription look like an accent, from +\BibTeX{}'s point of view. For this we need a control sequence that +does nothing: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{epifanov1997, + author = {Epifanov, S. {\relax Yu}. and Vigasin, A. A.}, + title = ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{epifanov1997, + author = {Epifanov, S. {\relax Yu}. and + Vigasin, A. A.}, + title = ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +Like the solution by generating extra commands, this involves tedious +extra typing; which of the two techniques is preferable for a given +bibliography will be determined by the names in it. It should be +noted that a preamble that introduces lots of odd commands is usually +undesirable if the bibliography is a shared one. + +``Compound'' initials (for single names made up of two or more words) +may be treated in the same way, so one can enter Forster's rather +complicated name as: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{forster2006, + author = {Forster, P.M. {\relax de F.} and Collins, M.}, + title = ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +@article{forster2006, + author = {Forster, P.M. {\relax de F.} and + Collins, M.}, + title = ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +The same trick can be played if you're entering whole names: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... + author = {Epifanov, Sasha {\relax Yu}ri and +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(though no guarantee, that either of those names is right, is +offered!) +However, if you're typing the names in the ``natural'' (Western) way, +with given names first, the trick: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... + author = {P.M. {\relax de F.} Forster and +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +doesn't work~--- ``de F. Forster'' is treated as a compound family +names. + + +\subsection{Creating citations} + +\Question[Q-usebibtex]{``Normal'' use of \BibTeX{} from \LaTeX{}} + +To create a bibliography for your document, you need to perform a +sequence of steps, some of which seem a bit odd. If you choose to use +\BibTeX{}, the sequence is: + +First: you need a \BibTeX{} bibliography file (a \extension{bib} +file)~--- see \Qref*[question]{``creating a \BibTeX{} file''}{Q-buildbib}. + +Second: you must write your \LaTeX{} document to include a declaration +of the `style' of bibliography, citations, and a reference to the +bibliography file mentioned above. So we may have a \LaTeX{} +file containing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\bibliographystyle{plain} +... +Pooh is heroic~\cite{Milne:1926}. +... +Alice struggles~\cite{Carroll:1865}. +... +\bibliography{mybooks} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note: we have bibliography style \Package{plain}, above, which is +nearly the simplest of the lot: a sample text, showing the sorts of +style choices available, can be found on Ken Turner's web site: +\URL{http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~kjt/software/latex/showbst.html} + +Third: you must process the file. +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +latex myfile +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +As \LaTeX{} processes the file, the \csx{bibliographystyle} command +writes a note of the style to the \extension{aux} file; each +\csx{cite} command writes a note of the citation to the +\extension{aux} file, and the \csx{bibliography} command writes a note +of which \extension{bib} file is to be used, to the \extension{aux} file. + +Note that, at this stage, \LaTeX{} isn't ``resolving'' any of the +citations: at every \csx{cite} command, \LaTeX{} will warn you of the +undefined citation, and when the document finishes, there will be a +further warning of undefined references. + +%Some bibliography styles are designed to work with particular +%packages... + +Fourth: you must run \BibTeX{}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +bibtex myfile +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Don't try to tell \BibTeX{} anything but the file name: say +\texttt{bibtex myfile.aux} (because you know it's going to read the +\extension{aux} file) and \BibTeX{} will blindly attempt to process +\texttt{myfile.aux.aux}. + +\BibTeX{} will scan the \extension{aux} file; it will find which bibliography +style it needs to use, and will ``compile'' that style; it will note +the citations; it will find which bibliography files it needs, and +will run through them matching citations to entries in the +bibliography; and finally it will sort the entries that have been +cited (if the bibliography style specifies that they should be +sorted), and outputs the resulting details to a \extension{bbl} file. + +Fifth: you run \LaTeX{} again. It warns, again, that each citation is +(still) undefined, but when it gets to the \csx{bibliography} command, +it finds a \extension{bbl} file, and reads it. As it encounters each +\csx{bibitem} command in the file, it notes a definition of the +citation. + +Sixth: you run \LaTeX{} yet again. This time, it finds values for all +the citations, in its \extension{aux} file. Other things being equal, you're +done\dots{} until you change the file. + +If, while editing, you change any of the citations, or add new ones, +you need to go through the process above from steps 3 (first run of +\LaTeX{}) to 6, again, before the document is once again stable. +These four mandatory runs of \LaTeX{} make processing a document with +a bibliography even more tiresome than the normal two runs required to +resolve labels. + +To summarise: processing to resolve citations requires: \LaTeX{}; +\BibTeX{}; \LaTeX{}; \LaTeX{}. + +\Question[Q-whatbst]{Choosing a bibliography style} + +A large proportion of people are satisfied with one of Patashnik's +original ``standard'' styles, \Package{plain}, \Package{unsrt}, +\Package{abbrv} and \Package{alpha}. However, no style in that set +supports the ``author-date'' citation style that is popular in many +fields; but there are a very large number of contributed styles +available, that \emph{do} support the format. + +(Note that author-date styles arose because the simple and clear +citation style that \Package{plain} produces is so awkward in a +traditional manuscript preparation scenario. However, \TeX{}-based +document production does away with all those difficulties, leaving us +free once again to use the simple option.) + +Fortunately, help is at hand, on the Web, with this problem: +\begin{itemize} +\item a sample text, showing the sorts of style choices available, can + be found on +\begin{narrowversion} + Ken Turner's web site: + \URL{http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~kjt/software/latex/showbst.html}; +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + % ! line break + \href{http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~kjt/software/latex/showbst.html}{Ken Turner's web site}; +\end{wideversion} +\item an excellent survey, that lists a huge variety of styles, + sorted into their nominal topics as well as providing a good range + of examples, is the Reed College % ! line break +\begin{narrowversion} + ``Choosing a \BibTeX{} style'' + (\URL{http://web.reed.edu/cis/help/LaTeX/bibtexstyles.html}). +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + % ! line break + ``\href{http://web.reed.edu/cis/help/LaTeX/bibtexstyles.html}{Choosing a \BibTeX{} style}''. +\end{wideversion} +\end{itemize} + +Of course, these pages don't cover everything; the problem the +inquisitive user faces, in fact, is to find what the various available +styles actually do. This is best achieved (if the links above don't +help) by using \Package{xampl.bib} from the \BibTeX{} documentation +distribution: one can get a pretty good feel for any style one has to +hand using this ``standard'' bibliography. For style +\Package{my-style.bst}, the simple \LaTeX{} document: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\bibliographystyle{my-style} +\nocite{*} +\bibliography{xampl} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will produce a representative sample of the citations the style will +produce. (Because \Package{xampl.bib} is so extreme in some of its +``examples'', the \BibTeX{} run will also give you an interesting +selection of \BibTeX{}'s error messages\dots{}) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[xampl.bib]\CTANref{xampl-bib} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-chapbib]{Separate bibliographies per chapter?} + +A separate bibliography for each `chapter' of a document can be provided +with the package \Package{chapterbib} (which comes with a bunch of +other good bibliographic things). The package allows you a +different bibliography for each \csx{include}d file (i.e., despite the +package's name, the availability of bibliographies is related to the +component source files of the document rather than to the chapters that +logically structure the document). + +The package \Package{bibunits} ties bibliographies to logical units +within the document: the package will deal with chapters and sections +(as defined by \LaTeX{} itself) and also defines a \environment{bibunit} +environment so that users can select their own structuring. + +\Qref*{The \Package{biblatex} package}{Q-biblatex}, with +\ProgName{biber}, provides a similar facility; enclose the text for +which you want a local bibliography in a \environment{refsection} +environment, and place a \csx{printbibliography} command as the last +thing in that environment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{refsection} +\chapter{First chapter} +\section{Foo} +Some text \cite{this} +with citations \cite{that}. +\printbibliography +\end{refsection} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Then process with \latex{} (of whatever flavour) and use +\ProgName{biber} to process the bibliography output. Note that +\csx{printbibliography} can take an optional argument +\pkgoption{heading=bib title} to provide the bibliography with a +(sub)section title. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[biber]\CTANref{biber} +\item[biblatex]\CTANref{biblatex} +\item[bibunits.sty]\CTANref{bibunits} +\item[chapterbib.sty]distributed as part of \CTANref{cite}[chapterbib] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-01-04} + +\Question[Q-multbib]{Multiple bibliographies?} + +If you're thinking of multiple bibliographies tied to some part of +your document (such as the chapters within the document), please see +\Qref[question]{bibliographies per chapter}{Q-chapbib}. + +For more than one bibliography, there are three options. + +The \Package{multibbl} package offers a very simple interface: you use +a command \csx{newbibliography} to define a bibliography ``tag''. The package +redefines the other bibliography commands so that each time you use any one +of them, you give it the tag for the bibliography where you want the +citations to appear. The \csx{bibliography} command itself also takes +a further extra argument that says what title to use for the resulting +section or chapter (i.e., it patches +\nothtml{\csx{refname} and \csx{bibname}~---} +\Qref{\csx{refname} and \csx{bibname}}{Q-fixnam}\nothtml{~---} in a +\Package{babel}-safe way). So one might write: +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{multibbl} +\newbibliography{bk} +\bibliographystyle{bk}{alpha} +\newbibliography{art} +\bibliographystyle{art}{plain} +... +\cite[pp.~23--25]{bk}{milne:pooh-corner} +... +\cite{art}{einstein:1905} +... +\bibliography{bk}{book-bib}% + {References to books} +\bibliography{art}{art-bib}% + {References to articles} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{multibbl} +\newbibliography{bk} +\bibliographystyle{bk}{alpha} +\newbibliography{art} +\bibliographystyle{art}{plain} +... +\cite[pp.~23--25]{bk}{milne:pooh-corner} +... +\cite{art}{einstein:1905} +... +\bibliography{bk}{book-bib}{References to books} +\bibliography{art}{art-bib}{References to articles} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +(Note that the optional argument of \csx{cite} appears \emph{before} the +new tag argument, and that the \csx{bibliography} commands may list +more than one \extension{bib} file~--- indeed all \csx{bibliography} commands +may list the same set of files.) + +The \csx{bibliography} data goes into files whose names are +\meta{tag-name}\emph{.aux}, so you will need to run +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +bibtex bk +bibtex art +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +after the first run of \LaTeX{}, to get the citations in the correct +place. + +The \Package{multibib} package allows you to define a series of +``additional topics'', each of which comes with its own series of +bibliography commands. So one might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{multibib} +\newcites{bk,art}% + {References from books,% + References from articles} +\bibliographystylebk{alpha} +\bibliographystyleart{plain} +... +\citebk[pp.~23--25]{milne:pooh-corner} +... +\citeart{einstein:1905} +... +\bibliographybk{book-bib} +\bibliographyart{art-bib} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Again, as for \Package{multibbl}, any \csx{bibliography...} command may +scan any list of \extension{bib} files. + +\BibTeX{} processing with \Package{multibib} is much like that with +\Package{multibbl}; with the above example, one needs: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +bibtex bk +bibtex art +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that, unlike \Package{multibbl}, \Package{multibib} allows a +simple, unmodified bibliography (as well as the ``topic'' ones). + +The \Package{bibtopic} package allows you separately to cite several +different bibliographies. At the appropriate place in your document, +you put a sequence of \environment{btSect} environments (each of which +specifies a bibliography database to scan) to typeset the separate +bibliographies. Thus, one might have a file \File{diss.tex} containing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{bibtopic} +\bibliographystyle{alpha} +... +\cite[pp.~23--25]{milne:pooh-corner} +... +\cite{einstein:1905} +... +\begin{btSect}{book-bib} +\section{References from books} +\btPrintCited +\end{btSect} +\begin{btSect}[plain]{art-bib} +\section{References from articles} +\btPrintCited +\end{btSect} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note the different way of specifying a bibliographystyle: if you want +a different style for a particular bibliography, you may give it as an +optional argument to the \environment{btSect} environment. + +Processing with \BibTeX{}, in this case, uses \extension{aux} files whose names +are derived from the name of the base document. So in this example +you need to say: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +bibtex diss1 +bibtex diss2 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +There is also a command \csx{btPrintNotCited}, which gives the rest of +the content of the database (if nothing has been cited from the +database, this is equivalent to \LaTeX{} standard \cmdinvoke{nocite}{*}). + +However, the \emph{real} difference from \Package{multibbl} and +\Package{multibib} is that selection of what appears in each +bibliography section is determined in \Package{bibtopic} by what's in +the \extension{bib} files. + +An entirely different approach is taken by the \Package{splitbib} +package. You provide a \environment{category} environment, in the +preamble of your document, for each category you want a separate +citation list for. In each environment, you list the \csx{cite} keys +that you want listed in each category. The \csx{bibliography} command +(or, more precisely, the \environment{thebibliography} environment it +uses) will sort the keys as requested. (Keys not mentioned in a +\environment{category} appear in a ``misc'' category created in the +sorting process.) A code example appears in the package documentation +(a \acro{PDF} file in the \acro{CTAN} directory, +\begin{htmlversion} + which you can browse to, from the link, below). +\end{htmlversion} +\htmlignore + see the file list, below). +\endhtmlignore +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bibtopic.sty]\CTANref{bibtopic} +\item[multibbl.sty]\CTANref{multibbl} +\item[multibib.sty]\CTANref{multibib} +\item[splitbib.sty]\CTANref{splitbib} +\end{ctanrefs} + + +\Question[Q-bibinline]{Putting bibliography entries in text} + +This is a common requirement for journals and other publications in +the humanities. Sometimes the requirement is for the entry to appear +in the running text of the document, while other styles require that +the entry appear in a footnote. + +Options for entries in running text are +\begin{itemize} +\item The package \Package{bibentry}, which puts slight restrictions + on the format of entry that your \extension{bst} file generates, but is + otherwise undemanding of the bibliography style. +\item The package \Package{inlinebib}, which requires that you use its + \File{inlinebib.bst}. \Package{Inlinebib} was actually designed for + footnote citations: its \emph{expected} use is that you place a + citation inline as the argument of a \csx{footnote} command. +\item The package \Package{jurabib}, which was originally designed for + German law documents, and has comprehensive facilities for the + manipulation of citations. The package comes with four bibliography + styles that you may use: \File{jurabib.bst}, \File{jhuman.bst} and + two Chicago-like ones. +\end{itemize} + +Options for entries in footnotes are +\begin{itemize} +\item The package \Package{footbib}, and +\item Packages \Package{jurabib} and \Package{inlinebib}, again. +\end{itemize} +Note that \Package{jurabib} does the job using \LaTeX{}'s standard +footnotes, whereas \Package{footbib} creates its own sequence of +footnotes. Therefore, in a document which has other footnotes, it may +be advisable to use \Package{jurabib} (or of course +\Package{inlinebib}), to avoid confusion of footnotes and +foot-citations. + +The \Package{usebib} package offers a `toolbox', which allows the user +to place exactly what is needed, in the text (that is, rather than a +full citation). The package's command, that does the actual +typesetting, is \cmdinvoke{usebibdata}{\meta{key}}{\meta{field}}; it +typesets the \emph{field} item from the entry \emph{key} in the +bibliography; the user then formats the entry as desired~--- obviously +one could construct one's own bibliography, altogether, from this +command, but it would quickly become tedious. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bibentry.sty]\emph{Distributed with} \CTANref{natbib} +\item[footbib.sty]\CTANref{footbib} +\item[inlinebib.sty]\CTANref{inlinebib} +\item[jurabib.sty]\CTANref{jurabib} +\item[usebib.sty]\CTANref{usebib} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-23} + +\Question[Q-citesort]{Sorting and compressing citations} + +If you give \LaTeX{} +\cmdinvoke{cite}{fred,joe,harry,min}, its default commands could give +something like ``[2,6,4,3]''; +this looks awful. One can of course get the things in order by +rearranging the keys in the \csx{cite} command, but who wants to do +that sort of thing for no more improvement than ``[2,3,4,6]''? + +The \Package{cite} package sorts the numbers and detects consecutive +sequences, so creating ``[2--4,6]''. The \Package{natbib} package, +with the \pkgoption{numbers} and \pkgoption{sort\&compress} options, will +do the same when working with its own numeric bibliography styles +(\File{plainnat.bst} and \File{unsrtnat.bst}). + +The package \Package{biblatex} has a built-in style +\Package{numeric-comp} for its bibliographies. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[biblatex.sty]\CTANref{biblatex} +\item[cite.sty]\CTANref{cite} +\item[hypernat.sty]\CTANref{hypernat} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\item[plainnat.bst]Distributed with \CTANref{natbib} +\item[unsrtnat.bst]Distributed with \CTANref{natbib} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-10} + +\Question[Q-mcite]{Multiple citations} + +A convention sometimes used in physics journals is to ``collapse'' a group of +related citations into a single entry in the bibliography. \BibTeX{}, +by default, can't cope with this arrangement, but the \Package{mcite} +and \Package{mciteplus} packages deal with the problem. + +\Package{mcite} overloads the \csx{cite} command to recognise a +``\texttt{*}'' at the start of a key, so that citations of the form +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cite{paper1,*paper2} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +appear in the document as a single citation, and appear arranged +appropriately in the bibliography itself. You're not limited to +collapsing just two references. You can mix ``collapsed'' references +with ``ordinary'' ones, as in +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cite{paper0,paper1,*paper2,paper3} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Which will appear in the document as 3~citations ``[4,7,11]'' +(say)~--- citation `4' will refer to paper~0, `7' will refer to a +combined entry for paper~1 and paper~2, and `11' will refer to +paper~3. + +You need to make a small change to the bibliography style +(\extension{bst}) file you use; the \Package{mcite} package +documentation tells you how to do that. + +Most recent versions of \Class{REVTeX} (version 4.1 and later), in +conjunction with recent versions of \Package{natbib}, already contain +support for combined citations and so no longer even need +\Package{mciteplus} (but \Package{mciteplus} is more general and will +work with many other class and package combinations). + +The \Package{mciteplus} package adresses many of the infelicites of +\Package{mcite}. Again, `ordinary' \extension{bst} files will not +work with \Package{mciteplus}, but the package documentation explains +how to patch an existing \BibTeX{} style. + +The \Package{collref} package takes a rather different approach to the +problem, and will work with most (if not all) \BibTeX{} packages. +\Package{Collref} spots common subsets of the references, so if it +sees a sequence +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cite{paper0,paper1,paper2,paper3} +... +\cite{some_other_paper,paper1,paper2,and_another} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +it will collect \texttt{paper1} and \texttt{paper2} as a multiple reference. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[collref.sty]\CTANref{collref} +\item[mcite.sty]\CTANref{mcite} +\item[mciteplus.sty]\CTANref{mciteplus} +\item[natbib.sty]\CTANref{natbib} +\item[revtex 4.1]\CTANref{revtex4-1} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2010-07-07} + +\Question[Q-backref]{References from the bibliography to the citation} + +A link (or at least a page reference), from the bibliography to the +citing command, is often useful in large documents. + +Two packages support this requirement, \Package{backref} and +\Package{citeref}. \Package{Backref} is part of the +\Package{hyperref} bundle, and supports hyperlinks back to the citing +command. + +\Package{Citeref} is the older, and seems to rely on rather simpler +(and therefore possibly more stable) code; it produces a list of page +references, only. It doesn't interact well with other citation +packages (for example, \Package{cite}), which probably reflects its +antiquity (it's derived from a \LaTeXo{} package). + +Neither collapses +lists of pages (``\texttt{5, 6, 7}'' comes out as such, rather than as +``\texttt{5--7}''), but neither package repeats the reference to a page that +holds multiple citations. (The failure to collapse lists is of course +forgiveable in the case of the \Package{hyperref}-related +\Package{backref}, since the concept of multiple hyperlinks from the +same anchor is less than appealing.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[backref.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{hyperref} +\item[citeref.sty]\CTANref{citeref} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-sortbib]{Sorting lists of citations} + +\BibTeX{} has a sorting function, and most \BibTeX{} styles sort the +citation list they produce; most people find this desirable. + +However, it is perfectly possible to write a +\environment{thebibliography} environment that \emph{looks} as if it +came from \BibTeX{}, and many people do so (in order to save time in +the short term). + +The problem arises when \environment{thebibliography}-writers decide +their citations need to be sorted. A common misapprehension is to +insert \cmdinvoke{bibliographystyle}{alpha} (or similar) and expect +the typeset output to be sorted in some magical way. \BibTeX{} +doesn't work that way!~--- if you write \environment{thebibliography}, +you get to sort its contents. \BibTeX{} will only sort the contents +of a \environment{thebibliography} environment when it creates it, to +be inserted from a \extension{bbl} file by a \csx{bibliography} command. + +\Question[Q-compactbib]{Reducing spacing in the bibliography} + +Bibliographies are, in fact, implemented as lists, so all the +confusion about \Qref*{reducing list item spacing}{Q-complist} also +applies to bibliographies. + +If the \Package{natbib} package `works' for you (it may not if you are using +some special-purpose bibliography style), the solution is relatively +simple~--- add +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{natbib} +\setlength{\bibsep}{0.0pt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to the preamble of your document. + +The \Package{compactbib} package has a similar effect. Its primary +purpose is to produce two bibliographies, and it seems to preclude use +of \BibTeX{} (though the package documentation, in the package file +itself, isn't particularly clear). + +Otherwise, one is into unseemly hacking of something or other. The +\Package{mdwlist} package actually does the job, but it doesn't work +here, because it makes a different-named list, while the name +``\environment{thebibliography}'' is built into \LaTeX{} and +\BibTeX{}. Therefore, we need to % ! line break +\Qref*{patch the underlying macro}{Q-patch}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\oldbibliography\thebibliography +\renewcommand{\thebibliography}[1]{% + \oldbibliography{#1}% + \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \Package{savetrees} package performs such a patch, among a +plethora of space-saving measures: you can, in principle, suppress all +its other actions, and have it provide you a compressed bibliography +\emph{only}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[compactbib.sty]\CTANref{compactbib} +\item[mdwlist.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[mdwlist] +\item[natbib.sty]\CTANref{natbib} +\item[savetrees.sty]\CTANref{savetrees} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-bibtocorder]{Table of contents rearranges ``\Package{unsrt}'' ordering} + +If you're using the \Package{unsrt} bibliography style, you're +expecting that your bibliography will \emph{not} be sorted, but that +the entries will appear in the order that they first appeared in your +document. + +However, if you're unfortunate enough to need a citation in a section +title, and you also have a table of contents, the citations that now +appear in the table of contents will upset the ``natural'' ordering +produced by the \Package{unsrt} style. Similarly, if you have +citations in captions, and have a list of figures (or tables). + +There's a pretty simple ``manual'' method for dealing with the +problem~--- when you have the document stable: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Delete the \extension{aux} file, and any of \extension{toc}, + \extension{lof}, \extension{lot} files. +\item Run \LaTeX{}. +\item Run \BibTeX{} for the last time. +\item Run \LaTeX{} often enough that things are stable again. +\end{enumerate} +Which is indeed simple, but it's going to get tedious when you've +found errors in your ``stable'' version, often enough. + +The package \Package{notoccite} avoids the kerfuffle, and suppresses +citations while in the table of contents, or lists of figures, tables +(or other floating things: the code is quite general). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[notoccite.sty]\CTANref{notoccite} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-i18nbib]{Non-english bibliographies} + +Like so much of early \AllTeX{} software, \BibTeX{}'s assumptions were +firmly rooted in what its author knew well, viz., academic papers in +English (particularly those with a mathematical bent). \BibTeX{}'s +standard styles all address exactly that problem, leaving the user who +writes in another language (or who deal with citations in the style of +other disciplines than maths) to strike out into contributed software. + +For the user whose language is not English, there are several +alternatives. Possibly most straightforward is to switch to using +\Package{biblatex}, which can produce a bibliography appropriate to +several languages. However, \Package{biblatex} is large and has +correspondingly large documentation (though it is well-written and +pleasingly typeset), so its adoption takes time. + +Otherwise, the simplest procedure is to provide translations of +\BibTeX{} styles into the +required language: the solitary \Package{finplain.bst} does that for +Finnish; others one can find are for Danish (\Package{dk-bib}), French +(\Package{bib-fr}), German (\Package{bibgerm}), Norwegian +(\Package{norbib}) and Swedish (\Package{swebib}) bundles (of which +the \Package{bib-fr} set is the most extensive). The \Package{spain} +style implements a traditional Spanish citation style. + +These static approaches solve the problem, for the languages that have +been covered by them. Unfortunately, with such an approach, a lot of +work is needed for every language involved. Two routes to a solution +of the ``general'' problem are available~--- that offered by +\Package{babelbib}, and the % ! line break +\Qref*{\Package{custom-bib} mechanism for generating styles}{Q-custbib}. + +\Package{Babelbib} (which is a development of the ideas of the +\Package{bibgerm} package) co-operates with \Package{babel} to control +the language of presentation of citations (potentially at the level of +individual items). The package has a built-in set of languages it +`knows about', but the documentation includes instructions on defining +commands for other languages. \Package{Babelbib} comes with its own +set of bibliography styles, which could be a restriction if there +wasn't also a link from \Package{custom-bib}. + +The \Package{makebst} menu of \Package{custom-bib} allows you to +choose a language for the \BibTeX{} style you're generating (there are +14 languages to choose; it looks as if \Package{spain.bst}, mentioned +above, was generated this way). If, however, you opt not to specify a +language, you are asked whether you want the style to interact with +\Package{babelbib}; if you do so, you're getting the best of both +worlds~--- formatting freedom from \Package{custom-bib} and linguistic +freedom via the extensibility of \Package{babelbib} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[babelbib.sty]\CTANref{babelbib} +\item[bib-fr \nothtml{\rmfamily\upshape}bundle]\CTANref{bib-fr} +\item[bibgerm \nothtml{\rmfamily\upshape}bundle]\CTANref{bibgerm} +\item[biblatex.sty]\CTANref{biblatex} +\item[custom-bib \nothtml{\rmfamily\upshape}bundle]\CTANref{custom-bib} +\item[finplain.bst]\CTANref{finplain} +\item[norbib \nothtml{\rmfamily\upshape}bundle]\CTANref{norbib} +\item[spain]\CTANref{spain} +\item[swebib \nothtml{\rmfamily\upshape}bundle]\CTANref{swebib} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-23} + +\Question[Q-formbiblabel]{Format of numbers in the bibliography} + +By default, \LaTeX{} makes entries in the bibliography look like: +\begin{quote} + [1] Doe, Joe et al. Some journal. 2004.\\ {} + [2] Doe, Jane et al. Some journal. 2003. +\end{quote} +while many documents need something like: +\begin{quote} + 1. Doe, Joe et al. Some journal. 2004.\\ + 2. Doe, Jane et al. Some journal. 2003. +\end{quote} + +This sort of change may be achieved by many of the ``general'' +citation packages; for example, in \Package{natbib}, it's as simple as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\bibnumfmt}[1]{#1.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +but if you're not using such a package, the following internal +\LaTeX{} commands, in the preamble of your document, will do the job: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\renewcommand*{\@biblabel}[1]{\hfill#1.} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[natbib.sty]\CTANref{natbib} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Manipulating whole bibliographies} + +\Question[Q-nocite*]{Listing all your \BibTeX{} entries} + +\LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{} co-operate to offer special treatment of this +requirement. The command \cmdinvoke{nocite}{*} is specially treated, +and causes \BibTeX{} to generate bibliography entries for every entry +in each \extension{bib} file listed in your \csx{bibliography} statement, so +that after a \LaTeX{}--\BibTeX{}--\LaTeX{} sequence, you have a +document with the whole thing listed. + +Note that \LaTeX{} \emph{doesn't} produce +% beware line breaks +``\texttt{Citation ... undefined}'' or +``\texttt{There were undefined references}'' warnings in respect of +\cmdinvoke{nocite}{*}. This isn't a problem if you're running +\LaTeX{} ``by hand'' (you \emph{know} exactly how many times you have +to run things), but the lack might confuse automatic processors that +scan the log file to determine whether another run is necessary. + +A couple of packages are available, that aim to reduce the impact of +\cmdinvoke{nocite}{*} of a large citation database. \Package{Biblist} +was written for use under \LaTeXo{}, but seems to work well enough; +\Package{listbib} is more modern. Both provide their own +\extension{bst} files. (The impact of large databases was significant +in the old days of \LaTeX{} systems with very little free memory; this +problem is less significant now than it once was.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[biblist.sty]\CTANref{biblist} +\item[listbib.sty]\CTANref{listbib} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-htmlbib]{Making \acro{HTML} of your Bibliography} + +A neat solution is offered by the \Package{noTeX} bibliography style. +This style produces a \extension{bbl} file which is in fact a series of +\acro{HTML} `\texttt{P}' elements of class \texttt{noTeX}, and which +may therefore be included in an \acro{HTML} file. Provision is made +for customising your bibliography so that its content when processed by +\Package{noTeX} is different from that presented when it is processed +in the ordinary way by \AllTeX{}. + +A thorough solution is offered by \Package{bib2xhtml}; using it, you +make use of one of its modified versions of many common \BibTeX{} +styles, and post-process the output so produced using a +\ProgName{perl} script. + +A more conventional translator is the \ProgName{awk} script +\ProgName{bbl2html}, which translates the \extension{bbl} file you've generated: +a sample of the script's output may be viewed on the web, at +\URL{http://rikblok.cjb.net/lib/refs.html} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bbl2html.awk]\CTANref{bbl2html} +\item[bib2xhtml]\CTANref{bib2xhtml} +\item[noTeX.bst]\CTANref{noTeX} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-bits+pieces.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-bits+pieces.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..06851bbc665 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-bits+pieces.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@ +% $Id: faq-bits+pieces.tex,v 1.31 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Bits and pieces of \AllTeX{}} + +\Question[Q-dvi]{What is a \acro{DVI} file?} + +A \acro{DVI} file (that is, a file with the type or extension +\extension{dvi}) is the main output file of ``original'' \tex{}; later +\tex{}-like systems, such as \Qref*{\pdftex{}}{Q-whatpdftex} may use +other formats. + +\Qref*{\xetex}{Q-xetex} (released some time after \pdftex{}) uses an +``extended \acro{DVI} format'' (\acro{XDV}) to send its output to its +close-coupled \Qref*{\acro{DVI} driver}{Q-driver}, +\ProgName{xdvipdfmx}. + +`\acro{DVI}' is supposed to be an acronym for +\acro{D}e\acro{V}ice-\acro{I}ndependent, meaning that the file can be +processed for printing or viewing on most kinds of typographic output +device or display. The \acro{DVI} file may be processed by a +\Qref*{DVI driver}{Q-driver} to produce further output designed +specifically for a particular printer, or it may be used by a +previewer for display on a computer screen. The character encoding of +a \acro{DVI} file is determined by the document itself~--- see % line break +``\Qref*{what are encodings}{Q-whatenc}'' for an explanation of +encodings. A \TeX{} input file should produce the same \acro{DVI} file +regardless of which implementation of \TeX{} is used to produce it. + +A \acro{DVI} file contains all the information that is needed for printing +or previewing except for the actual bitmaps or outlines of fonts, and +any material to be introduced by means of +\Qref*{\csx{special} commands}{Q-specials}. + +The canonical reference for the structure of a \acro{DVI} file is the +source of Knuth's program \ProgName{dvitype} (whose original purpose, +as its name implies, was to view the content of a \acro{DVI} file). +A partially complete ``standard'' for the way they should be +processed may offer further enlightenment. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{rmfamily}DVI processing standard]\CTANref{dvistd} +\item[dvitype]\CTANref{dvitype} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} + +\Question[Q-driver]{What is a \acro{DVI} driver?} + +A \acro{DVI} driver is a program that takes as input a +\Qref*{\acro{DVI} file}{Q-dvi} +and (usually) produces a file in a format that something \emph{other} +than a \TeX{}-related program can process. + +A driver may be designed for producing output for printing (e.g., +\PS{}), for later processing (e.g., \PS{} for inclusion in a later +document), or for document exchange (e.g., \acro{PDF}). + +As well as the \acro{DVI} file, the driver typically also needs font +information. Font information may be held as bitmaps or as outlines, +or simply as a set of pointers into the fonts that a printer itself +provides. Each driver will expect the font information in a particular +form. + +For more information on the forms of font information, see +\Qref[questions]{\acro{PK} files}{Q-pk}, +% ! line break +\Qref[]{\acro{TFM} files}{Q-tfm}, +\Qref[]{virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts} +and \Qref[]{Using \PS{} fonts with \TeX{}}{Q-usepsfont}. +\LastEdit{2011-10-10} + +\Question[Q-pk]{What are \acro{PK} files?} + +\acro{PK} files (packed raster) are the canonical form of \tex{} font +bitmaps. The output from \Qref*{\MF{}}{Q-useMF} includes a generic +font (\acro{GF}) file and the utility \ProgName{gftopk} produces a +\acro{PK} file from that. + +There are potentially a lot of \acro{PK} files, as one +is needed for each font: that is for each magnification of each +design (point) size for each weight for each font in each family. + +Further, since the \acro{PK} files for one printer do not necessarily +work well for another, the whole set needs to be duplicated for each +printer type at a site. + +While this menagerie of bitmaps can (in principle) provide fonts that +are closely matched to the capabilities of each printer, the size of +the collection (and the resulting difficulty of maintaining it) has +been a potent driver to the move towards outline fonts such as +\Qref*{Adobe Type 1 fonts}{Q-adobetypen}. +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} + +\Question[Q-tfm]{What are \acro{TFM} files?} + +\acro{TFM} is an acronym for `\TeX{} Font Metrics'; \acro{TFM} files hold +information about the sizes of the characters of the font in question, +and about ligatures and kerns within that font. One \acro{TFM} file is +needed for each font used by \TeX{}, that is for each design (point) +size for each weight for each family; each \acro{TFM} file serves for all +magnifications of `its' font, so that there are (typically) fewer +\acro{TFM} files than there are \Qref*{\acro{PK}}{Q-pk} files. \TeX{}, +\LaTeX{}, etc.\@ +themselves need only know about the sizes of characters and their +interactions with each other, but not what characters look like. By +contrast, \acro{TFM} files are not, in principle, needed by the +\acro{DVI} driver, which only needs to know about the glyphs that each +character selects, so as to print or display them. + +Note that TrueType and OpenType fonts contain the necessary metrics, +so that \Qref{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} and \Qref{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, using +such fonts, have no need of \acro{TFM} files. A corollary of this is +that setting up fonts for use by these engines is far \emph{easier}. +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} + +\Question[Q-virtualfonts]{What are virtual fonts?} + +Virtual fonts provide a means of collecting bits and pieces together +to make the glyphs of a font: the bits and pieces may be glyphs from +``other'' fonts, rules and other ``basic'' typesetting commands, and +the positioning information that specifies how everything comes +together. + +An early instance of something like virtual fonts for \TeX{} was +implemented by David Fuchs to use an unusual printer. However, for +practical purposes for the rest of us, virtual fonts date from when Knuth +specified a format and wrote some support software, in 1989 (he +published an % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf}{article in \textsl{TUGboat}} +at the time; a plain text copy is available on \acro{CTAN}). + +Virtual fonts provide a way of telling \TeX{} about something more +complicated than just a one-to-one character mapping. \TeX{} reads a +\acro{TFM} file of the font, just as before, but the \acro{DVI} +processor will read the \acro{VF} and use its content to specify how +each glyph is to be processed. + +The virtual font may contain commands: +\begin{itemize} +\item to `open' one or more (real) fonts for subsequent use, +\item to remap a glyph from one of the (real) fonts for use in the + virtual font, +\item to build up a more complicated effect (using \acro{DVI} commands). +\end{itemize} + +% !this has to be generated as a new paragraph by the translator, so +% leave the blank line in place +In practice, the most common use of virtual fonts is to remap +Adobe Type 1 fonts (see \Qref[question]{font metrics}{Q-metrics}), +though there has also been useful useful work building `fake' maths +fonts (by bundling glyphs from several fonts into a single virtual +font). Virtual Computer Modern fonts, making a % ! line break +\Qref*{Cork encoded}{Q-ECfonts} font from Knuth's originals by using +remapping and fragments of \acro{DVI} for single-glyph `accented +characters', were the first ``Type~1 format'' Cork-encoded Computer +Modern fonts available. + +Virtual fonts are normally created in a single \acro{ASCII} \acro{VPL} +(Virtual Property List) file, which includes two sets of information. +The \ProgName{vptovf} utility will use the \acro{VPL} file to create +the binary \acro{TFM} and \acro{VF} files. + +A ``how-to'' document, explaining how to generate a \acro{VPL}, +describes the endless hours of fun that may be had, doing the job by +hand. Despite the pleasures to be had, the commonest way (nowadays) +of generating an \acro{VPL} file is to use the +\ProgName{fontinst} package, which is described in more detail +\htmlonly{together with the discussion of} +\Qref[in answer]{\PS{} font metrics}{Q-metrics}. +\Package{Qdtexvpl} is another utility for creating ad-hoc virtual +fonts (it uses \TeX{} to parse a description of the virtual font, and +\ProgName{qdtexvpl} itself processes the resulting \acro{DVI} file). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fontinst]\CTANref{fontinst} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Knuth on virtual fonts]\CTANref{vf-knuth} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Virtual fonts ``how to'']\CTANref{vf-howto} +\item[qdtexvpl]\CTANref{qdtexvpl} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} + +\Question[Q-whatmacros]{What are (\TeX{}) macros} + +\TeX{} is a \emph{macro processor}: this is a computer-science-y term +meaning ``text expander'' (more or less); \TeX{} typesets text as it +goes along, but \emph{expands} each macro it finds. \TeX{}'s macros +may include instructions to \TeX{} itself, on top of the simple text +generation one might expect. + +Macros are a \emph{good thing}, since they allow the user to +manipulate documents according to context. For example, the macro +\csx{TeX} is usually defined to produce ``TEX'' with the `E' lowered +(the original idea was Knuth's), +but in these \acro{FAQ}s the default definition of the macro is +overridden, and it simply expands to the letters ``TeX''. (\emph{You} +may not think this a good thing, but the author of the macros has his +reasons~-- see \Qref[question]{\TeX{}-related logos}{Q-logos}.) + +Macro names are conventionally built from a \texttt{\textbackslash } +followed by a sequence of letters, which may be upper or lower case +(as in \csx{TeX}, mentioned above). They may also be % ! line break +\texttt{\textbackslash \meta{any single character}}, which allows all +sorts of oddities (many built in to most \TeX{} macro sets, all the +way up from the apparently simple `\csx{ }' meaning ``insert a space +here''). + +Macro programming can be a complicated business, but at their very +simplest they need little introduction~--- you'll hardly need to be +told that: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\foo{bar} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +replaces each instance of \csx{foo} with the text ``bar''. The +command \csx{def} is \plaintex{} syntax for defining commands; +\LaTeX{} offers a macro \csx{newcommand} that goes some way towards +protecting users from themselves, but basically does the same thing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\foo}{bar} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Macros may have ``arguments'' , which are used to substitute for marked +bits of the macro expansion: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\foo#1{This is a #1 bar} +... +\foo{2/4}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which produces: +\begin{quote} + This is a 2/4 bar. +\end{quote} +or, in \LaTeX{} speak: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\foo}[1]{This is a #1 bar} +... +\foo{3/4}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which produces: +\begin{quote} + This is 3/4 bar. +\end{quote} +(\latex{} users waltz through life, perhaps?) + +You will have noticed that the arguments, above, were enclosed in +braces (\texttt{\obracesymbol{}\dots{}\cbracesymbol{}}); this is the +normal way of typing arguments, though \TeX{} is enormously flexible, +and you may find all sorts of other ways of passing arguments (if you +stick with it). + +Macro writing can get very complicated, very quickly. If you are a +beginner \AllTeX{} programmer, you are well advised to read something +along the lines of the \Qref*{\TeX{}book}{Q-tex-books}; once you're under +way, \Qref*{\TeX{} by Topic}{Q-ol-books} is possibly a more satisfactory +choice. Rather a lot of the answers in these \acro{FAQ}s tell you +about various issues of how to write macros. +\LastEdit{2011-10-12} + +\Question[Q-specials]{\csx{special} commands} + +\TeX{} provides the means to express things that device drivers can +do, but about which \TeX{} itself knows nothing. For example, \TeX{} +itself knows nothing about how to include \PS{} figures into +documents, or how to set the colour of printed text; but some device +drivers do. + +Instructions for such things are introduced to your document by means +of \csx{special} commands; all that \TeX{} does with these commands is +to expand their +arguments and then pass the command to the \acro{DVI} file. In most +cases, there are macro packages provided (often with the driver) that +provide a human-friendly interface to the \csx{special}; for example, +there's little point including a figure if you leave no gap for it in +your text, and changing colour proves to be a particularly fraught +operation that requires real wizardry. \LaTeXe{} +has standard graphics and colour packages that make figure inclusion, +rotation and scaling, and colour typesetting relatively +straightforward, despite the rather daunting \csx{special} commands +involved. (\CONTeXT{} provides similar support, though not by way of +packages.) + +The allowable arguments of \csx{special} depend on the device driver +you're using. Apart from the examples above, there are \csx{special} +commands in the em\TeX{} drivers (e.g., \ProgName{dvihplj}, \ProgName{dviscr}, +\emph{etc}.)~that will draw lines at arbitrary orientations, and +commands in \ProgName{dvitoln03} that permit the page to be set in +landscape orientation. + +Note that \csx{special} behaves rather differently in \PDFTeX{}, since +there is no device driver around. There \emph{is} a concept of +\acro{PDF} specials, but in most cases \csx{special} will provoke a +warning when used in \PDFTeX{}. +\LastEdit{2011-10-15} + +\Question[Q-write]{Writing (text) files from \tex{}} + +\TeX{} allows you to write to output files from within your document. +The facility is handy in many circumstances, but it is vital for +several of the things \latex{} (and indeed almost any higher-level +\tex{}-based macro package) does for you. + +The basic uses of writing to an external file are ``obvious''~--- +remembering titles of sections for a table of contents, remembering +label names and corresponding section or figure numbers, all for a +later run of your document. However, the ``non-obvious'' thing is +easy to forget: that page numbers, in \tex{}, are slippery beasts, and +have to be captured with some care. The trick is that \csx{write} +operations are only executed as the page is sent to the \acro{DVI} +or \acro{PDF} file. Thus, if you arrange that your page-number macro +(\csx{thepage}, in \latex{}) is not expanded until the page is +written, then the number written is correct, since that time is where +\tex{} guarantees the page number tallies with the page being sent +out. + +Now, there are times when you want to write something straight away: +for example, to interact with the user. \TeX{} captures that +requirement, too, with the primitive command \csx{immediate}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\immediate\write\terminal{I'm waiting...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +writes a ``computer-irritates-user'' message, to the terminal. + +Which brings us to the reason for that \csx{terminal}. \TeX{} can +``\csx{write}'' up to 16 streams simultaneously, and that argument to +\csx{write} says which is to be used. Macro packages provide the +means of allocating streams for your use: \plaintex{} provides a macro +\csx{newwrite} (used as ``\csx{newwrite}\csx{streamname}'', which sets +\csx{streamname} as the stream number). In fact, \csx{terminal} (or +its equivalent) is the first output stream ever set up (in most macro +packages): it is never attached to a file, and if \tex{} is asked to +write to \emph{any} stream that isn't attached to a file it will send +the output to the terminal (and the log). +\LastEdit{2011-10-15} + +\Question[Q-spawnprog]{Spawning programs from \AllTeX{}: \csx{write18}} + +The \tex{} \Qref*{\csx{write} primitive instruction}{Q-write} is used +to write to different file `streams'; TeX refers to each open file by +a number, not by a file name (although most of the time we hide this). +Originally, \tex{} would write to a file connected to a stream +numbered 0--15. More recently, a special ``stream 18'' has been +implemented: it is not writing to a file, but rather tells TeX to ask +the operating system to do something. To run a command, we put it as +the argument to \csx{write18}. So to run the \progname{epstopdf} +utility on a file with name stored as \csx{epsfilename}, we would +write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\write18{epstopdf \epsfilename} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +When using something like the \Package{epstopdf} package, the `stream' +write operation is hidden away and you don't need to worry about the +exact way it's done. + +However, there is a security issue. If you download some \alltex{} code from +the Internet, can you be sure that there is not some command in it +(perhaps in a hidden way) to do stuff that might be harmful to your +computer (let's say: delete everything on the hard disk!)? In the +face of this problem, both \miktex{} and \tex{}~Live have, for some +time, disabled \csx{write18} by default. To turn the facility on, +both distributions support an additional argument when starting \tex{} +from the command shell: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +(pdf)(la)tex --shell-escape <file> +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The problem with this is that many people use \alltex{} via a graphical +editor, so to use \csx{write18} for a file the editor's settings must +be changed. Of course, the settings need restoring after the file is +processed: you defeat the point of the original protection, that way. + +The latest \miktex{} (version 2.9), and recent \tex{}~Live (from the +2010 release) get +around this by having a special ``limited'' version of \csx{write18} +enabled `out of the box'. The idea is to allow only a pre-set list of +commands (for example, \BibTeX{}, \progname{epstopdf}, \tex{} itself, +and so on). Those on the list are regarded as safe enough to allow, +whereas anything else (for example deleting files) still needs to be +authorised by the user. This seems to be a good balance: most people +most of the time will not need to worry about \csx{write18} at all, +but it will be available for things like \Package{epstopdf}. + +Note that the \tex{} system may tell you that the mechanism is in use: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.11 (TeX Live 2010) + restricted \write18 enabled. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.11 + (TeX Live 2010) + restricted \write18 enabled. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +when it starts. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[epstopdf.sty]Distributed with Heiko Oberdiek's packages + \CTANref{oberdiek}[epstopdf-pkg] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-12-03} + +\Question[Q-hyphen]{How does hyphenation work in \TeX{}?} + +Everyone knows what hyphenation is: we see it in most books we read, +and (if we're alert) will spot occasional ridiculous mis-hyphenation +(at one time, British newspapers were a fertile source). + +Hyphenation styles are culturally-determined, and the same language +may be hyphenated differently in different countries~--- for example, +British and American styles of hyphenation of English are very +different. As a result, a typesetting system that is not restricted +to a single language at a single locale needs to be able to change its +hyphenation rules from time to time. + +\TeX{} uses a pretty good system for hyphenation (originally designed +by Frank Liang~--- you may view his % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/docs/liang/}{Ph.D.\ thesis} online) and while +it's capable of missing ``sensible'' hyphenation points, it seldom +selects grossly wrong ones. The +algorithm matches candidates for hyphenation against a set of +``hyphenation patterns''. The candidates for hyphenation must be +sequences of letters (or other single characters that \TeX{} may be +persuaded to think of as letters). Non-letters interrupt hyphenation; +this applies to \TeX{}'s \csx{accent} primitive (as in `syst\`eme') +just as much as the exclamation in`syst!eme'. + +(Hyphenation takes place on the characters ``sent to the printer''. +The problem with \csx{accent} is avoided~---in \latex{}~--- by the use +of the \Package{fontenc} package, as discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{Accented words aren t hyphenated}{Q-hyphenaccents}''.) + +Sets of hyphenation patterns are usually derived from analysis of +a list of valid hyphenations (the process of derivation, using a tool +called \Package{patgen}, is not ordinarily a sport to be played by +ordinary mortals). + +The patterns for the languages a \TeX{} system is going to deal with +may only be loaded when the system is installed. To change the set of +hyphenation patterns recognised by a \tex{}-based or \xetex{} system, +a \Qref*{partial reinstallation}{Q-newlang} is necessary (note that +\Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex} relaxes this constraint). + +\TeX{} provides two ``user-level'' commands for control of +hyphenation: \csx{language} (which selects a hyphenation style), and +\csx{hyphenation} (which gives explicit instructions to the hyphenation +engine, overriding the effect of the patterns). + +The ordinary \LaTeX{} user need not worry about \csx{language}, since +it is very thoroughly managed by the \Package{babel} package; use of +\csx{hyphenation} is discussed in +\begin{wideversion} + the context of +\end{wideversion} +% beware line wrap +\Qref[question]{hyphenation failure}{Q-nohyph}. +\LastEdit{2012-12-03} + +\Question[Q-clsvpkg]{What are \LaTeX{} classes and packages?} + +\latex{} aims to be a general-purpose document processor. Such an aim +could be achieved by a selection of instructions which would enable +users to use \tex{} primitives, but such a procedure is considered too +inflexible (and probably too daunting for ordinary users), and so the +designers of \latex{} created a model which offered an +\emph{abstraction} of the design of documents. Obviously, not all +documents can look the same (even with the defocussed eye of +abstraction), so the model uses \emph{classes} of document. Base +\latex{} offers five classes of document: \Class{book}, +\Class{report}, \Class{report}, \Class{article} and \Class{letter}. +For each class, \latex{} provides a \emph{class file}; the user +arranges to use it via a \csx{documentclass} command at the top of the +document. So a document starting +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{documentclass}{article} +\end{quote} +may be called ``an \emph{article} document''. + +This is a good scheme, but it has a glaring flaw: the actual +typographical designs provided by the \latex{} class files aren't +widely liked. The way around this is to \emph{refine} the class. To +refine a class, a programmer may write a new class file that loads an +existing class, and then does its own thing with the document design. + +If the user finds such a refined class, all is well, but if not, the +common way is to load a \emph{package} (or several). + +\latex{} provides rather few package files, but there are lots of them +to be found on the archives by a wide variety of authors; several +packages are designed just to adjust the design of a document~--- +using such packages achieves what the programmer might have achieved +by refining the class. + +Other packages provide new facilities: for example, the +\Package{graphics} package (actually provided by the \latex{} team) +allows the user to load externally-provided graphics into a document, +and the \Package{hyperref} package enables the user to construct +hyper-references within a document. + +On disc, class and package files only appear different by virtue of +their name ``extension''~--- class files are called \File{*.cls} while +package files are called \File{*.sty}. Thus we find that the \LaTeX{} +standard \Class{article} class is represented on disc by a file called +\File{article.cls}, while the \Package{hyperref} package is +represented on disc by a file called \File{hyperref.sty}. + +The class vs.~package distinction was not clear in \LaTeXo{}~--- +everything was called a style (``document style'' or ``document style +option''). It doesn't really matter that the nomenclature has +changed: the important requirement is to understand what other people +are talking about. + +\Question[Q-whatenv]{What are \latex{} ``environments''} + +While \tex{} makes direct provision for commands, \latex{} adds a +concept of ``environment''; environments perform an action on a block +(of something or other) rather than than just doing something at one +place in your document. + +A totally trivial environment could change the font in use for a chunk +of text, as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{monoblock}% + {\ttfamily}% + {} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which defines a \environment{monoblock} which may be used as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{monoblock} + some text set in monospace +\end{monoblock} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will look like: +\begin{quote} + \texttt{some text set in monospace} +\end{quote} +so it is a particularly simple example. A rather complicated +environment is introduced by \cmdinvoke{begin}{document}; it looks +simple, but needs all sorts of special \tex{} code to make it work +`transparently'; most environments are more elaborate than +\environment{monoblock} and \emph{much} simpler than +\environment{document}. + +An environment puts its content inside a \tex{} \emph{group}, so that +commands used inside the environment don't `leak out'~--- the +\environment{monoblock} environment, above, restricts its effect to +its own contents (the stuff between the \cmdinvoke{begin}{monoblock} +and \cmdinvoke{end}{monoblock}), which is just what you need for this +sort of thing. + +So that's ``simple'' environments; the \environment{monoblock}, above +doesn't actually gain us much over +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\ttfamily some text set in monospace} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +though in fact many useful environments are just as simple (to look +at). Some, such as \environment{verbatim}, look simple but are +actually very tricky inside. + +\latex{} also allows arguments to an environment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{fontblock}[1]% + {#1\selectfont}% + {} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and use of \environment{fontblock} as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{fontblock}{\ttfamily} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +would produce the same effect as the \environment{monoblock} +environment. + +Environments may also have optional arguments, in much the same way as +commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{normaltext}[1][\itshape]% + {#1}% + {} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will ordinarily set its body in italic, but +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{normaltext}[\ttfamily] + ... +\end{normaltext} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will observe its optional argument, and behave the same as the +\environment{monoblock} we started with. + +Note that an environments argument(s) (mandatory or optional) are +\emph{not} passed to the `\csx{end}' text of the environment~--- that +is specified as a macro with no arguments, so that +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{normaltext}[1][\itshape]% + {#1}% + {\typeout{what was #1, again?} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces an error message +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Illegal parameter number in definition of \endnormaltext. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +So, if you need to pass an environment argument to the end-code, you +have to wrap it in a macro of its own: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{normaltext}[1][Intro]% + {#1% + \newcommand{\foo}{#1}}% + {\typeout{what was \foo{}, again?} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\LastEdit*{2013-02-20} + +\Question[Q-dtx]{Documented \LaTeX{} sources (\extension{dtx} files)} + +\LaTeXe{}, and most contributed macro packages, are now written in a +\Qref*{literate programming style}{Q-lit}, with source and +documentation in the +same file. This format, known as `doc', in fact originated before the +days of the \LaTeX{} project as one of the ``Mainz'' series of +packages. A documented source file conventionally has the suffix +\extension{dtx}, and will normally be `stripped' before use with +\LaTeX{}; an installation file (\extension{ins}) is normally provided, +to automate this process of removing comments for speed of loading. +To read the comments, you can run \LaTeX{} on the +\extension{dtx} file to produce a nicely formatted version of the +documented code. Several +packages can be included in one \extension{dtx} file (they're sorted +out by the \extension{ins} file), with conditional +sections, and there are facilities for indexes of macros, etc. + +Anyone can write \extension{dtx} files; the format is explained in +\Qref*{The \LaTeX{} Companion}{Q-latex-books}, and a tutorial is available +from \acro{CTAN} (which comes with skeleton \extension{dtx} and +\extension{ins} files). + +Composition of \extension{dtx} files is supported in \ProgName{emacs} by +\Qref*{\acro{AUC}-\TeX{}}{Q-editors}. + +Another useful way of generating \extension{dtx} files is to write the +documentation and the code separately, and then to combine them using +the \ProgName{makedtx} system. This technique has particular value in +that the documentation file can be used separately to generate +\acro{HTML} output; it is often quite difficult to make % ! line break +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} to \acro{HTML} conversion}{Q-LaTeX2HTML} tools deal +with \extension{dtx} files, since they use an unusual class file. + +The \ProgName{sty2dtx} system goes one step further: it attempts to +create a \extension{dtx} file from a `normal' \extension{sty} file +with comments. It works well, in some circumstances, but can become +confused by comments that aspire to ``structure'' (e.g., tabular +material, as in many older packages' file headers). + +The \extension{dtx} files are not used by \LaTeX{} after they have been +processed to produce \extension{sty} or \extension{cls} (or whatever) +files. They need not be kept with the working system; however, for +many packages the \extension{dtx} file is the primary source of +documentation, so you may want to keep \extension{dtx} files elsewhere. + +An interesting sideline to the story of \extension{dtx} files is the +\Package{docmfp} package, which extends the model of the \Package{doc} +package to +\begin{flatversion} + \MF{} and \MP{} (\Qref[see questions]{}{Q-MF} and \Qref[\nothtml]{}{Q-MP}) +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{\MF{}}{Q-MF} and \Qref{\MP{}}{Q-MP}, +\end{hyperversion} +thus permitting documented distribution of bundles containing code for +\MF{} and \MP{} together with related \LaTeX{} code. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[AUC-TeX]\CTANref{auctex} +\item[clsguide.pdf]\CTANref{clsguide} +\item[docmfp.sty]\CTANref{docmfp} +\item[docstrip.tex]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution +\item[DTX tutorial]\CTANref{dtxtut} +\item[makedtx]\CTANref{makedtx} +\item[sty2dtx]\CTANref{sty2dtx} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-whatenc]{What are encodings?} + +Let's start by defining two concepts, the \emph{character} and the +\emph{glyph}. +The character is the abstract idea of the `atom' of a +language or other dialogue: so it might be a letter in an alphabetic +language, a syllable in a syllabic language, or an ideogram in an +ideographic language. The glyph is the mark created on screen or +paper which represents a character. Of +course, if reading is to be possible, there must be some agreed +relationship between the glyph and the character, so while the precise +shape of the glyph can be affected by many other factors, such as the +capabilities of the writing medium and the designer's style, the +essence of the underlying character must be retained. + +Whenever a computer has to represent characters, someone has to define +the relationship between a set of numbers and the characters they +represent. This is the essence of an encoding: it is a mapping +between a set of numbers and a set of things to be represented. + +\TeX{} of course deals in encoded characters all the time: the +characters presented to it in its input are encoded, and it emits +encoded characters in its \acro{DVI} or \acro{PDF} output. These +encodings have rather different properties. + +The \TeX{} input stream was pretty unruly back in the days when Knuth +first implemented the language. Knuth himself prepared documents on +terminals that produced all sorts of odd characters, and as a result +\TeX{} contains some provision for translating its input (however +encoded) to something regular. Nowadays, +the operating system translates keystrokes into a code appropriate for +the user's language: the encoding used is usually a national or +international standard, though some operating systems use ``code +pages'' (as defined by Microsoft). These standards and code pages often +contain characters that may not appear in the \TeX{} system's input +stream. Somehow, these characters have to be dealt with~--- so +an input character like ``\'e'' needs to be interpreted by \TeX{} in +a way that that at least mimics the way it interprets ``\csx{'}\texttt{e}''. + +The \TeX{} output stream is in a somewhat different situation: +characters in it are to be used to select glyphs from the fonts to be +used. Thus the encoding of the output stream is notionally a font +encoding (though the font in question may be a +% beware line break (twice) +\nothtml{virtual one~--- see }% +\Qref[question]{virtual font}{Q-virtualfonts}). In principle, a +fair bit of what appears in the output stream could be direct +transcription of what arrived in the input, but the output stream +also contains the product of commands in the input, and translations +of the input such as ligatures like % +\texttt{fi}\nothtml{\ensuremath\Rightarrow``fi''}. + +Font encodings became a hot topic when the +\Qref*{Cork encoding}{Q-ECfonts} +appeared, because of the possibility of suppressing +\csx{accent} commands in the output stream (and hence improving the +quality of the hyphenation of text in inflected languages, which is +interrupted by the \csx{accent} commands~--- see +% beware line break +\Qref[question]{``how does hyphenation work''}{Q-hyphen}). +To take advantage of the diacriticised characters represented in the +fonts, it is necessary to arrange that whenever the +command sequence ``\csx{'}\texttt{e}'' has been input +(explicitly, or implicitly via the sort of mapping of input mentioned +above), the character that codes the position of the ``\'e'' glyph is +used. + +Thus we could have the odd arrangement that the diacriticised character in +the \TeX{} input stream is translated into \TeX{} commands that would +generate something looking like the input character; this sequence of +\TeX{} commands is then translated back again into a single +diacriticised glyph as the output is created. This is in fact +precisely what the \LaTeX{} packages \Package{inputenc} and +\Package{fontenc} do, if operated in tandem on (most) characters in +the \acro{ISO}~Latin-1 input encoding and the \acro{T}1 font encoding. +At first sight, it seems eccentric to have the first package do a thing, and +the second precisely undo it, but it doesn't always happen that way: +most font encodings can't match the corresponding input encoding +nearly so well, and the two packages provide the sort of symmetry the +\LaTeX{} system needs. + +\Question[Q-ECfonts]{What are the \acro{EC} fonts?} + +A font provides a number of \emph{glyphs}. In order that the glyphs +may be printed, they are \Qref*{\emph{encoded}}{Q-whatenc}, and the +encoding is used as an index into tables within the font. For various +reasons, Knuth chose deeply eccentric encodings for his Computer +Modern family of fonts; in particular, he chose different encodings +for different fonts, so that the application using the fonts has to +remember which font of the family it's using before selecting a +particular glyph. + +When \TeX{} version 3 arrived, most of the drivers for the +eccentricity of Knuth's encodings went away, and at \acro{TUG}'s Cork +meeting, an encoding for a set of 256 glyphs, for use in \TeX{} text, +was defined. The intention was that these glyphs should cover `most' +European languages that use Latin alphabets, in the sense of including +all accented letters needed. (Knuth's \acro{CMR} fonts missed things +necessary for Icelandic and Polish, for example, which the Cork fonts +do have, though even Cork encoding's coverage isn't complete.) +\latex{} refers to the Cork encoding as \acro{T}1, and provides the +means to use fonts thus encoded to avoid problems with the interaction +of accents and hyphenation % ! line break +(see \Qref[question]{hyphenation of accented words}{Q-hyphenaccents}). + +The first \MF{}-fonts to conform to the Cork encoding were the \acro{EC} +fonts. They look \acro{CM}-like, though their metrics differ from \acro{CM}-font +metrics in several areas. They have long been regarded as `stable' (in +the same sense that the \acro{CM} fonts are stable: their metrics are +unlikely ever to change). Each \acro{EC} font is, of course, roughly twice the +size of the corresponding \acro{CM} font, and there are far more of them than +there are CM fonts. The simple number of fonts proved problematic in +the production of Type~1 versions of the fonts, but \acro{EC} or +\acro{EC}-equivalent fonts in Type~1 or TrueType form (the latter only from +\begin{wideversion} + \Qref{commercial suppliers}{Q-commercial}). +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + % ( <- paren matching + commercial suppliers~--- \Qref{question}{Q-commercial}). +\end{narrowversion} +Free \Qref*{auto-traced versions}{Q-textrace}~--- the \acro{CM}-super and +the \acro{LGC} fonts, and the Latin Modern series (rather directly generated +from Metafont sources), are available. + +Note that the Cork encoding doesn't cover mathematics (so that no +``T1-encoded'' font families can not support it). If you're using +Computer-Modern-alike fonts, this doesn't actually matter: your system +will have the original Computer Modern mathematical fonts (or the +those distributed with the Latin Modern set), which cover `basic' \TeX{} +mathematics; more advanced mathematics are likely to need separate +fonts anyway. Suitable mathematics fonts for use with other font +families are discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{choice of scalable fonts}{Q-psfchoice}''. + +The \acro{EC} fonts are distributed with a set of `Text Companion' (\acro{TC}) fonts +that provide glyphs for symbols commonly used in text. The \acro{TC} fonts +are encoded according to the \latex{} \acro{TS}1 encoding, and are not +necessarily as `stable' are the \acro{EC} fonts are. Note that modern +distributions tend not to distribute the \acro{EC} fonts in outline format, but +rather to provide Latin Modern for \acro{T}1-encoded Computer Modern-style +fonts. This can sometimes cause confusion when users are recompiling +old documents. + +The Cork encoding is also implemented by virtual fonts provided in the +\acro{PSNFSS} system, for Adobe Type 1 fonts, and also by most other such +fonts that have been developed (or otherwise made available) for use +with \alltex{}. + +Note that \acro{T}1 (and other eight-bit font encodings) are superseded in +the developing \TeX{}-family members \Qref*{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} and +\Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, which use Unicode as their base encoding, +and use Unicode-encoded fonts (typically in \FontFormat{ttf} or +\FontFormat{otf} formats). The \Package{cm-unicode} fonts carry the +flag in this arena, along with the Latin Modern set. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[CM-super fonts]\CTANref{cm-super} +\item[CM-LGC fonts]\CTANref{cm-lgc} +\item[CM unicode fonts]\CTANref{cm-unicode} +\item[EC and TC fonts]\CTANref{ec} +\item[Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-unicode]{Unicode and \tex{}} + +Unicode is a character code scheme that has the capacity to express +the text of the languages of the world, as well as important symbols +(including mathematics). Any coding scheme that is directly +applicable to \tex{} may be expressed in single bytes (expressing up +to 256 characters); Unicode characters may require several bytes, and +the scheme may express a very large number of characters. + +For ``old-style'' applications (\tex{} or \pdftex{}) to deal with +Unicode input, the sequence of bytes to make up Unicode character are +processed by a set of macros that deliver a glyph number in an +appropriate font. The macros that read these bytes is complicated, +and manifests as \pkgoption{utf8} option for the \latex{} distribution +\Package{inputenc} package; the coverage of that option is limited to +Unicode characters that can be represented using ``\latex{} standard +encodings''. The separate package \Package{ucs} provides wider, but +less robust, coverage via an \Package{inputenc} option +\pkgoption{utf8x}. As a general rule, you should never use +\pkgoption{utf8x} until you have convinced yourself that +\pkgoption{utf8} can not do the job for you. + +`Modern' \tex{}-alike applications, \Qref*{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} and +\Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex} read their input using \acro{UTF}-8 +representations of Unicode as standard. They also use TrueType or +OpenType fonts for output; each such font has tables that tell the +application which part(s) of the Unicode space it covers; the tables +enable the engines to decide which font to use for which character +(assuming there is any choice at all). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[inputenc.sty]Part of the \CTANref{latex} distribution +\item[ucs.sty]\CTANref{ucs} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-04-20} + +\Question[Q-tds]{What is the \acro{TDS}?} + +\acro{TDS} is an acronym for ``\TeX{} Directory Structure''; it +specifies a standard way of organising all the \TeX{}-related files on +a computer system. + +Most modern distributions arrange their \tex{} files in conformance +with the \acro{TDS}, using both a `distribution' directory tree and a +(set of) `local' directory trees, each containing \TeX{}-related +files. The \acro{TDS} recommends the name \texttt{texmf} for the name +of the root directory (folder) of an hierarchy; in practice there are +typically several such trees, each of which has a name that compounds +that (e.g., \texttt{texmf-dist}, \texttt{texmf-var}). + +Files supplied as part of the distribution are put into the +distribution's tree, but the location of the distribution's hierarchy is +system dependent. (On a Unix system it might be at +\path{/usr/share/texmf} or \path{/opt/texmf}, or a similar location.) + +There may be more than one `local' hierarchy in which additional files +can be stored. An installation will also typically offer a local +hierarchy, while each user may have an individual local hierarchy. + +The \acro{TDS} itself is published as the output of a \acro{TUG} % ! line break +\Qref*{Technical Working Group}{Q-TUG*}. You may browse an +\href{http://tug.org/tds/}{on-line version} of the standard, and +copies in several other formats (including source) are available on +\acro{CTAN}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\acro{TDS} specification]\CTANref{tds} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-eps]{What is ``Encapsulated \PS{}'' (``\acro{EPS}'')?} + +\PS{} has been for many years a \emph{lingua franca} of powerful +printers (though modern high-quality printers now tend to require some +constrained form of Adobe Acrobat, instead); since \PS{} is also a +powerful graphical programming language, it is commonly used as an +output medium for drawing (and other) packages. + +However, since \PS{} \emph{is} such a powerful language, some +rules need to be imposed, so that the output drawing may be included +in a document as a figure without ``leaking'' (and thereby destroying +the surrounding document, or failing to draw at all). + +Appendix \acro{H} of the \PS{} Language Reference Manual (second +and subsequent editions), specifies a set of rules for \PS{} to +be used as figures in this way. The important features are: +\begin{itemize} +\item certain ``structured comments'' are required; important ones are + the identification of the file type, and information about the + ``bounding box'' of the figure (i.e., the minimum rectangle + enclosing it); +\item some commands are forbidden~--- for example, a \texttt{showpage} + command will cause the image to disappear, in most \TeX{}-output + environments; and +\item ``preview information'' is permitted, for the benefit of things + such as word processors that don't have the ability to draw + \PS{} in their own right~--- this preview information may be in + any one of a number of system-specific formats, and any viewing + program may choose to ignore it. +\end{itemize} +A \PS{} figure that conforms to these rules is said to be in +``Encapsulated \PS{}'' (\acro{EPS}) format. Most \AllTeX{} packages for +including \PS{} are structured to use Encapsulated \PS{}; +which of course leads to much hilarity as exasperated \AllTeX{} users +struggle to cope with the output of drawing software whose authors +don't know the rules. + +\Question[Q-adobetypen]{Adobe font formats} +\keywords{type1 type3} + +Adobe has specified a number of formats for files to represent fonts +in \PS{} files; this question doesn't attempt to be encyclopaedic, so +we only discuss the two formats most commonly encountered in the +\AllTeX{} context, types~1 and 3. In particular, we don't discuss the +OpenType format, whose many advantages now becoming accessible to most +\AllTeX{} users (by means of +\begin{hyperversion} + the widely-used \Qref{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} and the more experimental + \Qref{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex}). +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + the widely-used \xetex{}~--- see \Qref[question]{}{Q-xetex}~--- and + the more experimental \LuaTeX{}~--- see \Qref[question]{}{Q-luatex}). +\end{flatversion} + +Adobe Type~1 format specifies a means to represent outlines of the glyphs +in a font. The `language' used is closely restricted, to ensure that +the font is rendered as quickly as possible. (Or rather, as quickly +as possible with Adobe's technology at the time the specification was +written: the structure could well be different if it were specified +now.) The format has long been the basis of the digital type-foundry +business, though nowadays most new fonts are released in OpenType format. + +%% Type~1 fonts are directly supported by some operating system software, +%% and at least one \TeX{} system, the commercial % line break! +%% \Qref*{\YandY{} system}{Q-commercial}, bases its entire +%% operation on the use of Type~1 fonts. + +In the \AllTeX{} context, Type~1 fonts are extremely important. Apart +from their simple +availability (there are thousands of commercial Type~1 text fonts around), the +commonest reader for \acro{PDF} files has long (in effect) \emph{insisted} on +their use (see below). + +Type~3 fonts have a more forgiving specification. A wide range of +\PS{} operators is permissible, including bitmap specifiers. Type~3 +is therefore the natural format to be used for programs such as +\ProgName{dvips} when they auto-generate something to represent +\MF{}-generated fonts in a \PS{} file. It's Adobe Acrobat Viewer's +treatment of bitmap Type~3 fonts that has made direct \MF{} output +increasingly unattractive, in recent years. If you have a \acro{PDF} +document in which the text looks fuzzy and uneven in Acrobat Reader, +ask Reader for the \texttt{File}\arrowhyph{}% +\texttt{Document Properties}\arrowhyph{}% +\texttt{Fonts ...}, and it will likely show some font or other as +``Type~3'' (usually with encoding ``Custom''). The problem has +disappeared with version 6 of Acrobat Reader. See % line break +\Qref[question]{\acro{PDF} quality}{Q-dvips-pdf} for a discussion of +the issue, and for ways of addressing it. + +Type~3 fonts should not entirely be dismissed, however. Acrobat +Reader's failure with them is entirely derived from its failure to use +the anti-aliasing techniques common in \TeX{}-ware. Choose a +different set of \PS{} graphical operators, and you can make pleasing +Type~3 fonts that don't ``annoy'' Reader. For example, you may not +change colour within a Type~1 font glyph, but there's no such +restriction on a Type~3 font, which opens opportunities for some +startling effects. + +\Question[Q-resolns]{What are ``resolutions''?} + +``Resolution'' is a word that is used with little concern for its +multiple meanings, in computer equipment marketing. The word suggests +a measure of what an observer (perhaps the human eye) can resolve; yet +we regularly see advertisements for printers whose resolution is +1200dpi~--- far finer than the unaided human eye can distinguish. The +advertisements are talking about the precision with which the printer +can place spots on the printed image, which affects the fineness of +the representation of fonts, and the accuracy of the placement of +glyphs and other marks on the page. + +In fact, there are two sorts of ``resolution'' on the printed page +that we need to consider for \AllTeX{}'s purposes: +\begin{itemize} +\item the positioning accuracy, and +\item the quality of the fonts. +\end{itemize} +In the case where \AllTeX{} output is being sent direct to a printer, +in the printer's ``native'' language, it's plain that the \acro{DVI} +processor must know all such details, and must take detailed account +of both types of resolution. + +In the case where output is being sent to an intermediate distribution +format, that has potential for printing (or displaying) we know not +where, the final translator, that connects to directly to the printer +or display, has the knowledge of the device's properties: the +\acro{DVI} processor need not know, and should not presume to guess. + +Both \PS{} and \acro{PDF} output are in this category. While \PS{} is +used less frequently for document distribution nowadays, it is +regularly used as the source for distillation into \acro{PDF}; and +\acro{PDF} is the workhorse of an enormous explosion of document +distribution. + +Therefore, we need \acro{DVI} processors that will produce +``resolution independent'' \PS{} or \acro{PDF} output; of course, the +independence needs to extend to both forms of independence outlined +above. + +Resolution-independence of fonts was for a long time forced upon the +world by the feebleness of Adobe's \ProgName{Acrobat} +\ProgName{Reader} at dealing with bitmap files: a sequence of answers +starting with one aiming at the % ! line break +\Qref*{quality of \acro{PDF} from \PS{}}{Q-dvips-pdf} addresses +the problems that arise. + +Resolution-independence of positioning is more troublesome: +\ProgName{dvips} is somewhat notorious for insisting on positioning to +the accuracy of the declared resolution of the printer. +One commonly-used approach is to declare a resolution of 8000 (``better +than any device''), and this is reasonably successful though it does +have its \Qref*{problems}{Q-8000}. + +\Question[Q-fontname]{What is the ``Berry naming scheme''?} + +In the olden days, \AllTeX{} distributions were limited by the +feebleness of file systems' ability to represent long names. (The +\MSDOS{} file system was a particular bugbear: fortunately any current +Microsoft system allows rather more freedom to specify file names. +Sadly, the ISO~9660 standard for the structure of \CDROM{}s has a +similar failing, but that too has been modified by various extension +mechanisms.) + +One area in which these short file names posed a particular problem +was that of file names for Type~1 fonts. +These fonts are distributed by their vendors with +pretty meaningless short names, and there's a natural ambition to +change the name to something that identifies the font somewhat +precisely. Unfortunately, names such as ``BaskervilleMT'' are +already far beyond the abilities of the typical feeble file system, +and add the specifier of a font shape or variant, and the difficulties +spiral out of control. Font companies deal with the issue by +inventing silly names, and providing a map file to show what the +``real'' names. Thus the Monotype Corporation provides the +translations: +\begin{quote} + \texttt{bas\_\_\_\_\_ BaskervilleMT}\\ + \texttt{basb\_\_\_\_ BaskervilleMT-Bold}\\ + \texttt{basbi\_\_\_ BaskervilleMT-BoldItalic} +\end{quote} +and so on. These names could be used within \AllTeX{} programs, +except that they are not unique: there's nothing to stop Adobe using +`\texttt{bas\_\_\_\_\_}' for \emph{their} Baskerville font. + +Thus arose the Berry naming scheme. + +The basis of the scheme is to encode the meanings of the various parts +of the file's specification in an extremely terse way, so that enough +font names can be expressed even in impoverished file name-spaces. The +encoding allocates one character to the font ``foundry'' (Adobe, Monotype, +and so on), two to the typeface name (Baskerville, Times Roman, and so +on), one to the weight, shape, and encoding and so on. + +The whole scheme is outlined in the \Package{fontname} distribution, +which includes extensive documentation and a set of tables of fonts +whose names have been systematised. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fontname distribution]\CTANref{fontname} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-docs.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-docs.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1ea0fa74119 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-docs.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@ +% $Id: faq-docs.tex,v 1.44 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Documentation and Help} + +\Question[Q-book-lists]{Books relevant to \tex{} and friends} + +There are too many books for them all to appear in a single list, so +the following answers aim to cover ``related'' books, with subject +matter as follows: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Qref*{\tex{} itself and \plaintex{}}{Q-tex-books} +\item \Qref*{\latex{}}{Q-latex-books} +\item \Qref*{Books on other \tex{}-related matters}{Q-other-books} +\item \Qref*{Books on Type}{Q-type-books} +\end{itemize} + +These lists only cover books in English: notices of new books, or +warnings that books are now out of print are always welcome. However, +these \acro{FAQ}s do \emph{not} carry reviews of current published +material. +\LastEdit*{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-tex-books]{Books on \TeX{}, \plaintex{} and relations} +\AliasQuestion{Q-books} + +While Knuth's book is the definitive reference for both \TeX{} and +\plaintex{}, there are many books covering these topics: +\begin{booklist} +\item[The \TeX{}book]by Donald Knuth (Addison-Wesley, 1984, + \ISBN{0-201-13447-0}, paperback \ISBN{0-201-13448-9}) +\item[A Beginner's Book of \TeX{}]by Raymond Seroul and Silvio Levy, + (Springer Verlag, 1992, \ISBN{0-387-97562-4}) +\item[\TeX{} by Example: A Beginner's Guide]by Arvind Borde + (Academic Press, 1992, \ISBN{0-12-117650-9}~--- now out of print) +\item[Introduction to \TeX{}]by Norbert Schwarz (Addison-Wesley, + 1989, \ISBN{0-201-51141-X}~--- now out of print) +\item[A \plaintex{} Primer]by Malcolm Clark (Oxford University + Press, 1993, ISBNs~0-198-53724-7 (hardback) and~0-198-53784-0 + (paperback)) +\item[A \TeX{} Primer for Scientists]by Stanley Sawyer and Steven + Krantz (CRC Press, 1994, \ISBN{0-849-37159-7}) +\item[\TeX{} by Topic]by Victor Eijkhout (Addison-Wesley, 1992, + \ISBN{0-201-56882-9}~--- now out of print, but see + \Qref[question]{online books}{Q-ol-books}; you can also now buy a copy + printed, on demand, by Lulu~--- see + \url{http://www.lulu.com/content/2555607}) +\item[\TeX{} for the Beginner]by Wynter Snow (Addison-Wesley, 1992, + \ISBN{0-201-54799-6}) +\item[\TeX{} for the Impatient]by Paul W.~Abrahams, Karl Berry and + Kathryn A.~Hargreaves (Addison-Wesley, 1990, + \ISBN{0-201-51375-7}~--- now out of print, but see + \Qref[question]{online books}{Q-ol-books}) +\item[\TeX{} in Practice]by Stephan von Bechtolsheim (Springer + Verlag, 1993, 4 volumes, \ISBN{3-540-97296-X} for the set, or +% nos in comments are for German distribution (Springer Verlag, Berlin) + Vol.~1: \ISBN{0-387-97595-0}, % (3-540-97595-0) + Vol.~2: \ISBN{0-387-97596-9}, % (3-540-97596-9) + Vol.~3: \ISBN{0-387-97597-7}, and % (3-540-97597-7) + Vol.~4: \ISBN{0-387-97598-5})% (3-540-97598-5) +\begin{typesetversion} +\item[\TeX{}: Starting from \sqfbox{1}\,\footnotemark]% +\footnotetext{That's `Starting from Square One'}% +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} +\item[\TeX{}: Starting from Square One] +\end{htmlversion} + by Michael Doob (Springer + Verlag, 1993, \ISBN{3-540-56441-1}~--- now out of print) +\item[The Joy of \TeX{}]by Michael D.~Spivak (second edition, + \acro{AMS}, 1990, \ISBN{0-821-82997-1}) +\item[The Advanced \TeX{}book]by David Salomon (Springer Verlag, 1995, + \ISBN{0-387-94556-3}) +\end{booklist} +A collection of Knuth's publications about typography is also available: +\begin{booklist} +\item[Digital Typography]by Donald Knuth (CSLI and Cambridge + University Press, 1999, \ISBN{1-57586-011-2}, paperback + \ISBN{1-57586-010-4}). +\end{booklist} +\nothtml{\noindent}and in late 2000, a ``Millennium Boxed Set'' of all +5 volumes of Knuth's ``Computers and Typesetting'' series (about +\TeX{} and \MF{}) was published by Addison Wesley: +\begin{booklist} +\item[Computers \& Typesetting, Volumes A--E Boxed Set]by Donald Knuth + (Addison-Wesley, 2001, \ISBN{0-201-73416-8}). +\end{booklist} +\checked{rf}{2000/02/12 -- http://cseng.aw.com/book/0,3828,0201734168,00.html} +\LastEdit*{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-latex-books]{Books on \latex{}} + +\begin{booklist} +\item[\LaTeX{}, a Document Preparation System]by Leslie Lamport + (second edition, Addison Wesley, 1994, \ISBN{0-201-52983-1}) +\item[Guide to \LaTeX{}]Helmut Kopka and Patrick W.~Daly (fourth + edition, Addison-Wesley, 2004, \ISBN{0-321-17385-6}) +\item[\latex{} Beginner's Guide]by Stefan Kottwitz (Packt Publishing, + 2011, \ISBN*{1847199860}{978-1847199867}) +\item[The \LaTeX{} Companion]by Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, + Johannes Braams, David Carlisle and Chris Rowley (second edition, + Addison-Wesley, 2004, \ISBN*{0-201-36299-6}{978-0-201-36299-2}) +\item[The \LaTeX{} Graphics Companion:]% + \emph{Illustrating documents with \TeX{} and \PS{}} by Michel + Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, Frank Mittelbach, Denis Roegel and + Herbert Vo\ss {} (second edition, Addison-Wesley, 2007, + \ISBN*{0-321-50892-0}{978-0-321-50892-8}) +\item[The \LaTeX{} Web Companion:]% + \emph{Integrating \TeX{}, \acro{HTML} and \acro{XML}} by Michel + Goossens and Sebastian Rahtz (Addison-Wesley, 1999, \ISBN{0-201-43311-7}) +\item[\TeX{} Unbound:]% + \emph{\LaTeX{} and \TeX{} strategies for fonts, graphics, and more} + by Alan Hoenig (Oxford University Press, 1998, \ISBN{0-19-509685-1} + hardback, \ISBN{0-19-509686-X} paperback) +% \item[Math into \LaTeX{}:]\emph{An Introduction to \LaTeX{} and \AMSLaTeX{}} +% by George Gr\"atzer (third edition Birkh\"auser and Springer Verlag, +% 2000, \ISBN{0-8176-4431-9}, \ISBN{3-7643-4131-9}) +% \checked{RF}{2001/01/16} +\item[More Math into \latex{}:]\emph{An Introduction to \LaTeX{} and + \AMSLaTeX{}}by George Gr\"atzer (fourth edition Springer Verlag, + 2007, \ISBN{978-0-387-32289-6} +\checked{RF}{2011-07-06} +%% gr\"atzer's home page +%% http://www.maths.umanitoba.ca/homepages/gratzer.html/LaTeXBooks.html +\item[Digital Typography Using \LaTeX{}]Incorporating some + multilingual aspects, and use of \Qref*{Omega}{Q-omegaleph}, by + Apostolos Syropoulos, Antonis Tsolomitis and Nick Sofroniou + (Springer, 2003, \ISBN{0-387-95217-9}). +% A list of errata for the first printing of Digital Typography Using +% \LaTeX{} is available from: +% \URL{http://www.springer-ny.com/catalog/np/jan99np/0-387-98708-8.html} +% (not any longer) +\item[First Steps in \LaTeX{}]by George Gr\"atzer (Birkh\"auser, 1999, + \ISBN{0-8176-4132-7}) +\item[\LaTeX{}: Line by Line:]% + \emph{Tips and Techniques for Document Processing} + by Antoni Diller (second edition, John Wiley \& Sons, + 1999, \ISBN{0-471-97918-X}) +\item[\LaTeX{} for Linux:]\emph{A Vade Mecum} + by Bernice Sacks Lipkin (Springer-Verlag, 1999, + \ISBN{0-387-98708-8}, second printing) +\item[Typesetting Mathematics with \latex{}]by Herbert Vo\ss {} (UIT + Cambridge, 2010, \ISBN{978-1-906-86017-2}) +% checked 2011-09-09 http://www.uit.co.uk/BK-TMWL/HomePage +\item[Typesetting Tables with \latex{}]by Herbert Vo\ss {}, (UIT + Cambridge, 2011, \ISBN{978-1-906-86025-7}) +% checked 2011-09-09 http://www.uit.co.uk/BK-TTWL/HomePage +\item[PSTricks: Graphics and PostScript for \tex{} and \latex{}]by + Herbert Vo\ss {}, (UIT Cambridge, 2011, \ISBN{978-1-906-86013-4}) +\end{booklist} +A sample of George Gr\"atzer's ``Math into \LaTeX{}'', in Adobe +Acrobat format, and example files +for the three \LaTeX{} Companions, and for +Gr\"atzer's ``First Steps in \LaTeX{}'', are all available on +\acro{CTAN}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples for \nothtml{\upshape}First Steps in \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{gfs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples for \nothtml{\upshape}\LaTeX{} Companion]\CTANref{tlc2} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples for \nothtml{\upshape}\LaTeX{} Graphics Companion]\CTANref{lgc} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples for \nothtml{\upshape}\LaTeX{} Web Companion]\CTANref{lwc} +%\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples for \nothtml{\upshape}\TeX{} in Practice]\CTANref{tip} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Sample of \nothtml{\upshape}Math into \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{mil} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2011-09-09} + +\Question[Q-other-books]{Books on other \tex{}-related matters} + +There's a nicely-presented list of of ``recommended books'' to be had +on the web: \URL{http://www.macrotex.net/texbooks/} + +The list of \MF{} books is rather short: +\begin{booklist} +\item[The \MF{}book]by Donald Knuth (Addison Wesley, 1986, + \ISBN{0-201-13445-4}, \ISBN{0-201-52983-1} paperback) +\end{booklist} +Alan Hoenig's `\textsl{\TeX{} Unbound}' includes some discussion and +examples of using \MF{}. + +A book covering a wide range of topics (including installation and +maintenance) is: +\begin{booklist} +\item[Making \TeX{} Work]by Norman Walsh (O'Reilly and Associates, + Inc, 1994, \ISBN{1-56592-051-1}) +\end{booklist} +The book is decidedly dated, and is now out of print, but a copy is +available via \texttt{sourceforge} and on \acro{CTAN}, +and we list it under ``\Qref*{online books}{Q-ol-books}''. +\LastEdit*{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-type-books]{Books on Type} + + The following is a partial listing of books on typography in general. +Of these, Bringhurst seems to be the one most often recommended. +\begin{booklist} +\item[The Elements of Typographic Style]by Robert Bringhurst + (Hartley \& Marks, 1992, \ISBN{0-88179-033-8}) +\item[Finer Points in the Spacing \& Arrangement of Type]by Geoffrey Dowding + (Hartley \& Marks, 1996, \ISBN{0-88179-119-9}) +\item[The Thames \& Hudson Manual of Typography]by Ruari McLean + (Thames \& Hudson, 1980, \ISBN{0-500-68022-1}) +\item[The Form of the Book]by Jan Tschichold + (Lund Humphries, 1991, \ISBN{0-85331-623-6}) +\item[Type \& Layout]by Colin Wheildon + (Strathmore Press, 2006, \ISBN{1-875750-22-3}) +\item[The Design of Books]by Adrian Wilson + (Chronicle Books, 1993, \ISBN{0-8118-0304-X}) +\item[Optical Letter Spacing]by David Kindersley and Lida Cardozo Kindersley + % ! line break + (\href{http://www.kindersleyworkshop.co.uk/}{The Cardozo Kindersley Workshop} + 2001, \ISBN{1-874426-139}) +\end{booklist} + + There are many catalogues of type specimens but the following books provide +a more interesting overall view of types in general and some of their history. +\begin{booklist} +\item[Alphabets Old \& New]by Lewis F.~Day + (Senate, 1995, \ISBN{1-85958-160-9}) +\item[An Introduction to the History of Printing Types]by Geoffrey Dowding + (British Library, 1998, UK \ISBN{0-7123-4563-9}; USA \ISBN{1-884718-44-2}) +\item[The Alphabet Abecedarium]by Richard A.~Firmage + (David R.~Godine, 1993, \ISBN{0-87923-998-0}) +\item[The Alphabet and Elements of Lettering]by Frederick Goudy + (Dover, 1963, \ISBN{0-486-20792-7}) +\item[Anatomy of a Typeface]by Alexander Lawson + (David R.~Godine, 1990, \ISBN{0-87923-338-8}) +\item[A Tally of Types]by Stanley Morison + (David R.~Godine, 1999, \ISBN{1-56792-004-7}) +\item[Counterpunch]by Fred Smeijers + (Hyphen, 1996, \ISBN{0-907259-06-5}) +\item[Treasury of Alphabets and Lettering]by Jan Tschichold + (W.~W.~Norton, 1992, \ISBN{0-393-70197-2}) +\item[A Short History of the Printed Word]by Warren Chappell and + Robert Bringhurst (Hartley \& Marks, 1999, \ISBN{0-88179-154-7}) +\end{booklist} + + The above lists are limited to books published in English. Typographic +styles are somewhat language-dependent, and similarly the `interesting' fonts +depend on the particular writing system involved. +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-whereFAQ]{Where to find \acro{FAQ}s} + +Bobby Bodenheimer's article, from which this \acro{FAQ} was developed, used +to be posted (nominally monthly) to newsgroup +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}. The (long +obsolete) last posted copy of that article is kept on \acro{CTAN} for +auld lang syne. + +\begin{pdfversion} +A version of the \href{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}{present \acro{FAQ}} +may be browsed via the World-Wide Web, and its sources +\end{pdfversion} +\begin{dviversion} +A version of the present \acro{FAQ} may be browsed via the World-Wide Web, at +\acro{URL} \URL{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}, and its sources +\end{dviversion} +\begin{htmlversion} +The sources of the present \acro{FAQ} +\end{htmlversion} +are available from \acro{CTAN}. + +This \acro{FAQ} and others are regularly mentioned, on +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} and elsewhere, in a ``pointer \acro{FAQ}'' +which is also saved at \URL{http://tug.org/tex-ptr-faq} + +A 2006 innovation from Scott Pakin is the ``visual'' \LaTeX{} \acro{FAQ}. +This is a document with (mostly rubbish) text formatted so as to +highlight things we discuss here, and providing Acrobat hyper-links to +the relevant answers in this \acro{FAQ} on the Web. The visual +\acro{FAQ} is provided in \acro{PDF} format, on \acro{CTAN}; it works +best using Adobe Acrobat Reader 7 (or later); some features are +missing with other readers, or with earlier versions of Acrobat Reader + +Another excellent information source, available in English, is the +\href{http://tex.loria.fr}{\AllTeX{} navigator}. + +Both the Francophone \TeX{} user group Gutenberg and the Czech/Slovak +user group CS-TUG have published translations of this \acro{FAQ}, with +extensions appropriate to their languages. + +Herbert Vo\ss {}'s excellent % beware line break +\href{http://texnik.de/}{\LaTeX{} tips and tricks} +provides excellent advice on most topics one might imagine (though +it's not strictly a \acro{FAQ})~--- highly recommended for most +ordinary mortals' use. + +The Open Directory Project (\acro{ODP}) maintains a list of sources of +\AllTeX{} help, including \acro{FAQ}s. View the \TeX{} area at +\URL{http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Typesetting/TeX/} + +Other non-English \acro{FAQ}s are available (off-\acro{CTAN}): +\begin{booklist} +\item[German]Posted regularly to \Newsgroup{de.comp.tex}, and archived + on \acro{CTAN}; the \acro{FAQ} also appears at + \URL{http://www.dante.de/faq/de-tex-faq/} +\item[French]% +%% An interactive (full-screen!) FAQ may be found at +%% \URL{http://www.frenchpro6.com/screen.pdf/FAQscreen.pdf}, and a copy +%% for printing at \URL{http://frenchle.free.fr/FAQ.pdf}; + A FAQ used to be posted regularly to + \Newsgroup{fr.comp.text.tex}, and is archived on \acro{CTAN}~--- + sadly, that effort seems to have fallen by the wayside. +%% \item[Spanish]See \URL{http://apolo.us.es/CervanTeX/FAQ/} +\item[Czech]See \URL{http://www.fi.muni.cz/cstug/csfaq/} +\end{booklist} + +Resources available on \acro{CTAN} are: +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Dante \acro{FAQ}]\CTANref{dante-faq} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}French \acro{FAQ}]\CTANref{french-faq} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Sources of this \acro{FAQ}]\CTANref{faq} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Obsolete \texttt{comp.text.tex} \acro{FAQ}]% + \CTANref{TeX-FAQ} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}The visual \acro{FAQ}]\CTANref{visualFAQ} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-gethelp]{Getting help online} + +We assume, here, that you have looked at all relevant +\Qref*{\acro{FAQ} answers}{Q-whereFAQ} you can find, you've looked in +any \Qref*{books}{Q-book-lists} you have, and scanned relevant +\Qref*{tutorials}{Q-tutorials*}\dots{} and still you don't know what +to do. + +There are two more steps you can take before formulating a question to +the \tex{} world at large. + +First, (if you are seeking a particular package or program), start by +looking on your own system: you might already have what you seek~--- +the better \TeX{} distributions provide a wide range of supporting +material. The \Qref*{\acro{CTAN} Catalogue}{Q-catalogue} can also +identify packages that might help: you can % ! line break +\href{http://www.tex.ac.uk/search}{search it}, or you can browse it +\begin{hyperversion} +% !!!! line break +``\href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html}{by topic}''. +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} +``by topic'' at +\url{http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html} +\end{flatversion} +Each catalogue entry has a brief description of the package, and links to +known documentation on the net. In fact, a large proportion of +\acro{CTAN} package directories now include documentation, so it's +often worth looking at the catalogue entry for a package you're considering +using (where possible, each package link in the main body of these +\acro{FAQ}s \hyperflat{has a link to}{shows the \acro{URL} of} +the relevant catalogue entry). + +Failing that, look to see if anyone has solved the problem before; +places where people ask are: +\begin{enumerate} +\item newsgroup \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}, whose ``historical posts'' + are accessible via + \href{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex}{Google groups}, + and +\item the mailing list \texttt{texhax} via its + \href{http://tug.org/pipermail/texhax/}{archive}, or via the `Gmane' + newsgroup \Newsgroup{gmane.comp.tex.texhax}, which holds a + \emph{very} long history of the list. A long shot would be to + search the archives of the mailing list's ancient posts on + \acro{CTAN}, which go back to the days when it was a digest: in + those days, a question asked in one issue would only ever be + answered in the next one. +\end{enumerate} +If the ``back question'' searches fail, you must ask the world at +large. + +So, how do you like to ask questions?~--- the three available +mechanisms are: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Mailing lists: there are various specialist mailing lists, but + the place for `general' \alltex{} queries is the \texttt{texhax} + mailing list. Mail to \mailto{texhax@tug.org} to ask a question, + but it's probably better to subscribe to the list + (via \URL{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/texhax}) % ! no ~ allowed + first~--- not everyone will answer to you as well as to the list. +\item Newsgroup: to ask a question on \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}, you + can use your own news client (if you have one), or use the ``+ new + post'' button on + \URL{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex}. +\item Web forum: alternatives are: the % ! line break + \href{http://www.latex-community.org/}{``\LaTeX{} community'' site}, + which offers a variety of `categories' to place your query, and the + % the next line will tend to break if you add _anything_ to it! + \href{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}{\TeX{}, \LaTeX{} and friends Q\&A site} + (``Stack exchange''). + + Stack exchange has a scheme for voting on the quality of answers (and + hence of those who offer support). This arrangement is supposed to + enable you to rank any answers that are posted. +\end{enumerate} +Do \textbf{not} try mailing the \LaTeX{} project team, the maintainers +of the \texlive{} or \miktex{} distributions or the maintainers of +these \acro{FAQ}s for help; while all these addresses reach +experienced \AllTeX{} users, no small group can possibly have +expertise in every area of usage so that the ``big'' lists and forums +are a far better bet. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[texhax \nothtml{\rmfamily}`back copies']\CTANref{texhax} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-05-27} + +\Question[Q-maillists*]{Specialist mailing lists} + +The previous question, ``\Qref*{getting help}{Q-gethelp}'', talked of +the two major forums in which \AllTeX{}, \MF{} and \MP{} are +discussed; however, these aren't the only ones available. + +The \acro{TUG} web site offers many mailing lists other than just +\texttt{texhax} via its % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo}{mail list management page}. + +The French national \TeX{} user group, Gutenberg, offers a \MF{} (and, +de facto, \MP{}) mailing list, \mailto{metafont@ens.fr}: subscribe to +it by sending a message +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +subscribe metafont +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to \mailto{sympa@ens.fr} + +(Note that there's also a \MP{}-specific mailing list available via the +\acro{TUG} list server; in fact there's little danger of becoming confused +by subscribing to both.) + +Announcements of \TeX{}-related installations on the \acro{CTAN} +archives are sent to the mailing list \texttt{ctan-ann}. Subscribe +to the list via its \ProgName{MailMan} web-site +\URL{https://lists.dante.de/mailman/listinfo/ctan-ann}; list archives +are available at the same address. The list archives may also be +browsed via \URL{http://www.mail-archive.com/ctan-ann@dante.de/}, and +an \acro{RSS} feed is also available: +\URL{http://www.mail-archive.com/ctan-ann@dante.de/maillist.xml} + +\Question[Q-askquestion]{How to ask a question} + +You want help from the community at large; you've decided where you're +going to \Qref*{ask your question}{Q-gethelp}, but how do you +phrase it? + +Excellent ``general'' advice (how to ask questions of anyone) is +contained in +%beware line break +\href{http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html}{Eric Raymond's article on the topic}. +Eric's an extremely self-confident person, and this comes through in +his advice; but his guidelines are very good, even for us in the +un-self-confident majority. It's important to remember that you don't +have a right to advice from the world, but that if you express +yourself well, you will usually find someone who will be pleased to +help. + +So how do you express yourself in the \AllTeX{} world? There aren't +any comprehensive rules, but a few guidelines may help in the +application of your own common sense. +\begin{itemize} +\item Make sure you're asking the right people. Don't ask in a \TeX{} + forum about printer device drivers for the \ProgName{Foobar} + operating system. Yes, \TeX{} users need printers, but no, \TeX{} + users will typically \emph{not} be \ProgName{Foobar} systems + managers. + + Similarly, avoid posing a question in a language that the majority + of the group don't use: post in Ruritanian to + \Newsgroup{de.comp.text.tex} and you may have a long wait before a + German- and Ruritanian-speaking \TeX{} expert notices your + question. +\item If your question is (or may be) \TeX{}-system-specific, report + what system you're using, or intend to use: ``I can't install + \TeX{}'' is as good as useless, whereas ``I'm trying to install the + \ProgName{mumbleTeX} distribution on the \ProgName{Grobble} + operating system'' gives all the context a potential respondent + might need. Another common situation where this information is + important is when you're having trouble installing something new in + your system: ``I want to add the \Package{glugtheory} package to my + \ProgName{mumbleTeX v12.0} distribution on the \ProgName{Grobble 2024} + operating system''. +\item If you need to know how to do something, make clear what your + environment is: ``I want to do \emph{x} in \plaintex{}'', or ``I + want to do \emph{y} in \LaTeX{} running the \Class{boggle} + class''. If you thought you knew how, but your attempts are + failing, tell us what you've tried: ``I've already tried installing + the \Package{elephant} in the \Package{minicar} directory, and it + didn't work, even after refreshing the filename database''. +\item If something's going wrong within \AllTeX{}, pretend you're + \Qref*{submitting a \LaTeX{} bug report}{Q-latexbug}, + and try to generate a \Qref*{minimum failing example}{Q-minxampl}. + If your example + needs your local \Class{xyzthesis} class, or some other resource + not generally available, be sure to include a pointer to how the + resource can be obtained. +\item Figures are special, of course. Sometimes the figure itself is + \emph{really} needed, but most problems may be demonstrated with a + ``figure substitute'' in the form of a + \cmdinvoke*{rule}{width}{height} command, for some value of + \meta{width} and \meta{height}. If the (real) figure is needed, + don't try posting it: far better to put it on the web somewhere. +\item Be as succinct as possible. Your helpers don't usually need to + know \emph{why} you're doing something, just \emph{what} you're + doing and where the problem is. +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-minxampl]{How to make a ``minimum example''} + +\Qref[Question]{Our advice on asking questions}{Q-askquestion} +suggests that you prepare a ``minimum example'' (also commonly known +as a ``\emph{minimal} example'') of failing behaviour, +as a sample to post with your question. If you have a problem in a +two hundred page document, it may be unclear how to proceed from this +problem to a succinct demonstration of your problem. + +There are two valid approaches to this task: building up, and hacking +down. + +% ! line break +\latexhtml{The ``building up'' process}{\textbf{\emph{Building up}}} starts +with a basic document structure +(for \LaTeX{}, this would have \csx{documentclass}, +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document}, \cmdinvoke{end}{document}) and adds +things. First to add is a paragraph or so around the actual point +where the problem occurs. (It may prove difficult to find the actual +line that's provoking the problem. If the original problem is an +error, reviewing % ! line break +\Qref[the answer to question]{``the structure of \TeX{} errors''}{Q-errstruct} +may help.) + +Note that there are things that can go wrong in one part of the +document as a result of something in another part: the commonest is +problems in the table of contents (from something in a section title, +or whatever), or the list of \meta{something} (from something in a +\csx{caption}). In such a case, include the section title or caption +(the caption probably needs the \environment{figure} or +\environment{table} environment around it, but it \emph{doesn't} need +the figure or table itself). + +If this file you've built up shows the problem already, then you're done. +Otherwise, try adding packages; the optimum is a file with only one +package in it, but you may find that the guilty package won't even load +properly unless another package has been loaded. (Another common case +is that package \Package{A} only fails when package \Package{B} has been +loaded.) + +% ! line break +\latexhtml{The ``hacking down'' route}{\textbf{\emph{Hacking down}}} starts +with your entire document, and +removes bits until the file no longer fails (and then of course +restores the last thing removed). Don't forget to hack out any +unnecessary packages, but mostly, the difficulty is choosing what to +hack out of the body of the document; this is the mirror of the +problem above, in the ``building up'' route. + +If you've added a package (or more than one), add \csx{listfiles} to +the preamble too: that way, \LaTeX{} will produce a list of the +packages you've used and their version numbers. This information may +be useful evidence for people trying to help you. + +The process of `building up', and to some extent that of `hacking +down', can be helped by stuff available on \acro{CTAN}: +\begin{itemize} +\item the \Class{minimal} class (part of the \latex{} distribution) + does what its name says: it provides nothing more than what is + needed to get \latex{} code going, and +\item the \Package{mwe} bundle provides a number of images in formats + that \alltex{} documents can use, and a small package \Package{mwe} + which loads other useful packages (such as \Package{blindtext} and + \Package{lipsum}, both capable of producing dummy text in a + document). +\end{itemize} + +What if none of of these cut-down derivatives of your document will +show your error? Whatever you do, don't post the whole of the document: if +you can, it may be useful to make a copy available on the web +somewhere: people will probably understand if it's impossible~\dots{}\ +or inadvisable, in the case of something confidential. + +If the whole document is indeed necessary, it could be that your +error is an overflow of some sort; the best you can do is to post the +code ``around'' the error, and (of course) the full text of the error. + +It may seem that all this work is rather excessive for preparing a +simple post. There are two responses to that, both based on the +relative inefficiency of asking a question on the internet. + +First, preparing a minimum document very often leads \emph{you} to the +answer, without all the fuss of posting and looking for responses. + +Second, your prime aim is to get an answer as quickly as possible; a +well-prepared example stands a good chance of attracting an answer +``in a single pass'': if the person replying to your post finds she +needs more information, you have to find that request, post again, and +wait for your benefactor to produce a second response. + +All things considered, a good example file can save you a day, for +perhaps half an hour's effort invested. + +Much of the above advice, differently phrased, may also be read on the +web at \URL{http://www.minimalbeispiel.de/mini-en.html}; source of +that article may be found at \URL{http://www.minimalbeispiel.de/}, in +both German and English. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[blindtext.sty]\CTANref{blindtext} +\item[lipsum.sty]\CTANref{lipsum} +\item[minimal.cls]Distributed as part of \CTANref{latex} +\item[mwe.sty]\CTANref{mwe} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-01-09} + +\Question[Q-tutorials*]{Tutorials, etc., for \tex{}-based systems} + +From a situation where every \AllTeX{} user \emph{had} to buy a book +if she was not to find herself groping blindly along, we now have what +almost amounts to an embarrassment of riches of online documentation. +The following answers attempt to create lists of sources ``by topic''. + +First we have introductory manuals, for +\Qref*{\plaintex{}}{Q-man-tex} and \Qref*{\LaTeX{}}{Q-man-latex}. + +Next comes a selection of +\Qref*{``specialised'' \AllTeX{} tutorials}{Q-tutbitslatex}, +each of which concentrates on a single \LaTeX{} topic. + +A small selection of reference documents (it would be good to have +more) are listed in an \Qref*{answer of their own}{Q-ref-doc}. + +Next comes the (somewhat newer) field of % ! line break +\Qref*{\TeX{}-related WIKIs}{Q-doc-wiki}. + +A rather short list gives us a % ! line break +\Qref*{Typography style tutorial}{Q-typo-style}. +\LastEdit{2011-09-26} + +\Question[Q-man-tex]{Online introductions: \plaintex{}} + +Michael Doob's splendid `Gentle Introduction' to \plaintex{} +(available on \acro{CTAN}) has been stable for a very long time. + +Another recommendable document is D. R.~Wilkins' `Getting started with \TeX{}', +available on the web at \URL{http://www.ntg.nl/doc/wilkins/pllong.pdf} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Gentle Introduction]\CTANref{gentle} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-man-latex]{Online introductions: \LaTeX{}} + +A pleasing little document, ``Getting something out of \LaTeX{}'' is +designed to give a feel of \LaTeX{} to someone who's never used it at +all. It's not a tutorial, merely helps the user to decide whether to +go on to a tutorial, and thence to `real' use of \LaTeX{}. + +Tobias Oetiker's `(Not so) Short Introduction to \LaTeXe{}', is +regularly updated, as people suggest better ways of explaining things, +etc. The introduction is available on \acro{CTAN}, together with +translations into a rather large set of languages. + +Peter Flynn's ``Beginner's \LaTeX{}'' (which started life as course +material) is a pleasing read. A complete copy may be found on +\acro{CTAN}, but it may also be browsed over the web +(\URL{http://mirrors.ctan.org/info/beginlatex/html/}). + +Harvey Greenberg's `Simplified Introduction to \LaTeX{}' was written +for a lecture course, and is also available on \acro{CTAN} (in \PS{} +only, unfortunately). + +The fourth edition of George Gr\"atzer's book ``Math into \LaTeX{}'' +contains a ``short course'' in \LaTeX{} itself, and that course has +been made publicly available on \acro{CTAN}. + +Philip Hirschhorn's ``Getting up and running with \AMSLaTeX{}'' has a +brief introduction to \LaTeX{} itself, followed by a substantial +introduction to the use of the \acro{AMS} classes and the +\Package{amsmath} package and other things that are potentially of +interest to those writing documents containing mathematics. + +Edith Hodgen's % beware line break +\href{http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~david/latex/notes.pdf}{\LaTeX{}, a Braindump} +starts you from the ground up~--- giving a basic tutorial in the use +of \ProgName{Linux} to get you going (rather a large file\dots{}). +Its parent site, David Friggens' % ! line break +\href{http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~david/latex/}{documentation page} is a +useful collection of links in itself. + +% ! line break +\href{http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/}{Andy Roberts' introductory material} +is a pleasing short introduction to the use of \AllTeX{}; some of the +slides for \emph{actual} tutorials are to be found on the page, as +well. + +D. R.~Wilkins' % ! line break +\href{http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/}{`Getting started with \latex{}'} +also looks good (it appears shorter~--- more of a primer~--- than some +of the other offerings). + +Chris Harrison's % ! line break +\href{http://xoph.co/20111024/latex-tutorial/}{LaTeX tutorial} +presents basic \LaTeX{} in a rather pleasing and straightforward way. + +Nicola Talbot's % ! line break +\href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/latex/novices/}{\LaTeX{} for complete novices} +does what it claims: the author teaches \LaTeX{} at the University of +East Anglia. The ``Novices'' tutorial is one of several % ! line break +\href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/latex/}{introductory tutorials}, +which include exercises (with solutions). Other tutorials include +those for writing theses/dissertations with \LaTeX{}, and for using +\LaTeX{} in administrative work. + +Engelbert Buxbaum provides the `slides' for his \latex{} course `The +\latex{} document preparation system'; this seems to be a departmental +course at his university. + +Mark van Dongen's % line break +\href{"http://csweb.ucc.ie/~dongen/LaTeX-and-Friends.pdf}{`\latex and friends'} +appeared as he was writing his book on the subject (soon to be published). + +An interesting (and practical) tutorial about what \emph{not} to do is +\Package{l2tabu}, or ``A list of sins of \LaTeXe{} users'' by Mark +Trettin, translated into English by J\"urgen Fenn. The +tutorial is available from \acro{CTAN} as a \acro{PDF} file (though +the source is also available). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Beginner's \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{beginlatex-pdf} +% ! line break +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Getting something out of \latex{}]\CTANref{first-latex-doc} +% ! line break +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Getting up and running with \AMSLaTeX{}]\CTANref{amslatex-primer} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Slides for \latex{} course]\CTANref{latex-course} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Not so Short Introduction]\CTANref{lshort} + (in English, you may browse for sources and other language versions at + \CTANref{lshort-parent}) +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Simplified \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{simpl-latex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Short Course in \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{mil-short} +% ! line break +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}The sins of \LaTeX{} users]Browse + \CTANref{l2tabu} for a copy of the document in a language that is + convenient for you +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-29} + +\Question[Q-tutbitslatex]{\AllTeX{} tutorials} +\AliasQuestion{Q-doc-dirs} + +The \acro{AMS} publishes a ``Short Math Guide for \LaTeX{}'', which is +available (in several formats) via +\URL{http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html} (the ``Additional +Documentation'' about half-way down the page. + +Herbert Vo\ss {} has written an extensive guide to mathematics in +\LaTeX{}, and a development of it has been % ! line break +\Qref*{published as a book}{Q-latex-books}. + +Two documents written more than ten years apart about font usage in +\TeX{} are worth reading: % ! line break +\href{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-2/tb39rahtz-nfss.pdf}{Essential NFSS} +by Sebastian Rahtz, and % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/pracjourn/2006-1/schmidt/schmidt.pdf}{Font selection in LaTeX}, +cast in the form of an \acro{FAQ}, by Walter Schmidt. A general +compendium of font information (including the two above) may be found +on the \href{http://www.tug.org/fonts/}{TUG web site}. + +T\acro{UG} India is developing a series of online \LaTeX{} tutorials +which can be strongly recommended: select single chapters at a time +from \URL{http://www.tug.org/tutorials/tugindia}\nobreakspace--- there +are 17~chapters in the series, two of which are mostly introductory. + +Peter Smith's +\begin{narrowversion} + ``\LaTeX{} for Logicians'' + (\URL{http://www.logicmatters.net/latex-for-logicians/}) +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + % ! line break + ``\href{http://www.logicmatters.net/latex-for-logicians/}{\LaTeX{} for Logicians}'' +\end{wideversion} +page covers a rather smaller subject area, but is similarly comprehensive +(mostly by links to documents on relevant topics, rather than as a +monolithic document). + +Keith Reckdahl's ``Using Imported Graphics in \LaTeXe{}'' +(\Package{epslatex}) is an +excellent introduction to graphics use. It's available on +\acro{CTAN}, but not in the \texlive{} or miktex{} distributions, for +lack of sources. + +Stefan Kottwitz manages a web site devoted to the use of the drawing +packages % ! line break +\Qref*{\acro{PGF} and \acro{T}ik\acro{Z}}{Q-drawing}, % ! line break +\url{http://www.texample.net/} + +Included is % ! line break + \href{http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/}{examples catalogue} +includes examples (with output) from the package documentation as well +as code written by the original site maintainer (Kjell Magne Fauske) +and others. + +The compendious \acro{PGF}/\acro{T}ik\acro{Z} manual is clear, but is +bewildering for some beginners. The % ! line break +\href{http://cremeronline.com/LaTeX/minimaltikz.pdf}{`minimal' introduction} +has helped at least the present author. + +Vincent Zoonekynd provides a set of excellent (and graphic) tutorials +on the programming of % !line breaks, ... +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/LaTeX_samples_title/0.html}{title page styles}, +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/LaTeX_samples_chapter/0.html}{chapter heading styles} +and +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/LaTeX_samples_section/0.html}{section heading styles}. +In each file, there is a selection of graphics representing an output +style, and for each style, the code that produces it is shown. + +An invaluable step-by-step setup guide for establishing a ``work +flow'' through your \AllTeX{} system, so that output appears at the +correct size and position on standard-sized paper, and that the print +quality is satisfactory, is Mike Shell's \Package{testflow}. The +tutorial consists of a large plain text document, and there is a +supporting \LaTeX{} file together with correct output, both in \PS{} and +\acro{PDF}, for each of \acro{A}4 and ``letter'' paper sizes. The +complete kit is available on \acro{CTAN} (distributed with the +author's macros for papers submitted for \acro{IEEE} publications). +The issues are also covered in a later % ! line break +\Qref{\acro{FAQ} answer}{Q-dvips-pdf}. + +Documentation of Japanese \ensuremath{\Omega{}} use appears in +Haruhiko Okumura's page +% ! line break +\href{http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texfaq/japanese/}{typesetting Japanese with Omega} +(the parent page is in Japanese, so out of the scope of this +\acro{FAQ} list). + +Some university departments make their local documentation available +on the web. Most straightforwardly, there's the simple translation of +existing documentation into \acro{HTML}, for example the \acro{INFO} +documentation of the \AllTeX{} installation, of which a sample is the +\LaTeX{} documentation available at +\URL{http://www.tac.dk/cgi-bin/info2www?(latex)} + +More ambitiously, some university departments have enthusiastic +documenters who +make public record of their \AllTeX{} support. For example, Tim Love +(of Cambridge University Engineering Department) maintains his +department's pages at +\URL{http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/} +%% and Mimi +%% Burbank (of the School of Computer Science \& Information Technology +%% at the University of Florida) manages her department's at +%% \URL{http://www.csit.fsu.edu/~mimi/tex/}\nobreakspace--- both sets are fine +%% examples of good practice. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Graphics in \LaTeXe{}]\CTANref{epslatex} +\item[testflow]\CTANref{testflow} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Herbert Vo\ss {}'s Maths tutorial]\CTANref{voss-mathmode} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-ref-doc]{Reference documents} + +For \TeX{} primitive commands a rather nice % ! line break +\href{http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/texcrib.pdf}{quick reference booklet}, +by John W.~Shipman, is available; it's arranged in the same way as the +\TeX{}book. By contrast, you can view David Bausum's % ! line break +\href{http://www.tug.org/utilities/plain/cseq.html}{list of \TeX{} primitives} +alphabetically or arranged by ``family''. Either way, the list has a +link for each control sequence, that leads you to a detailed +description, which includes page references to the \TeX{}book. + +There doesn't seem to be a reference that takes in \plaintex{} as +well as the primitive commands. + +An interesting \LaTeX{} ``cheat sheet'' is available from \acro{CTAN}: +it's a list of (more or less) everything you `ought to' remember, for +basic \LaTeX{} use. % line break +(It's laid out very compactly for printing on N.\ American `letter'; +printed on \acro{ISO} \acro{A}4, using Adobe Acrobat's ``shrink to +fit'', it strains aged eyes\dots{}) + +For command organised references to \LaTeX{}, Karl Berry (et +al)'s % !line break +\href{http://home.gna.org/latexrefman}{LaTeX reference manual} is (to +an extent) work in progress, but is generally reliable (source is +available on the.archive as well). + +Martin Scharrer's ``List of internal \latex{} macros'' is a help to +those aiming to write a class or package. + +The reference provided by the Emerson Center of Emory +University), % ! line break +\href{http://www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex2e/latex2e_toc.html}{LaTeXe help} +also looks good. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Cheat sheet]\CTANref{latexcheat} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}LaTeX reference manual]\CTANref{latex2e-help-texinfo} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}LaTeX internal macros]\CTANref{macros2e} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-16} + +\Question[Q-doc-wiki]{\acro{WIKI} books for \TeX{} and friends} + +The \emph{\acro{WIKI}} concept can be a boon to everyone, if used sensibly. +The ``general'' \acro{WIKI} allows \emph{anyone} to add stuff, or to edit +stuff that someone else has added: while there is obvious potential +for chaos, there is evidence that a strong user community can keep a +\acro{WIKI} under control. + +Following the encouraging performance of the % ! line break +\href{http://contextgarden.net/}{\CONTeXT{} \acro{WIKI}}, valiant +efforts have been made generating ``\acro{WIKI} books'' for \AllTeX{} +users. Thus we have % ! line break +\href{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/TeX}{(Plain) \TeX{} \acro{WIKI} book} and +\href{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX}{\LaTeX{} \acro{WIKI} book}~--- +both well established. Both are highly rated as reference sources, +and even as introductory texts. +\LastEdit{2012-07-25} + +\Question[Q-typo-style]{Typography tutorials} + +Peter Wilson's article \Package{memdesign} has a lengthy introductory +section on typographic considerations, which is a fine tutorial, +written by someone who is aware of the issues as they apply to +\AllTeX{} users. (\Package{Memdesign} now distributed separately from +the manual for his \Class{memoir} class, but was originally part of +that manual) + +There's also (at least one) typographic style tutorial available on +the Web, the excellent % ! line break +``\href*{http://www.nbcs.rutgers.edu/~hedrick/typography/typography.janson-syntax.107514.pdf}{Guidelines for Typography in NBCS}''. +In fact, its % !! +\href*{http://www.nbcs.rutgers.edu/~hedrick/typography/index.html}{parent page} +is also worth a read: among other things, it provides copies of the +``guidelines'' document in a wide variety of primary fonts, for +comparison purposes. The author is careful to explain that he has no +ambition to supplant such excellent books as +\Qref*{Bringhurst's}{Q-type-books}, but the document (though it does +contain its Rutgers-local matter) is a fine introduction to the issues +of producing readable documents. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[memdesign]\CTANref{memdesign} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-ol-books]{Freely available \AllTeX{} books} + +People have long argued for \AllTeX{} books to be made available on +the web, and until relatively recently this demand went un-answered. + +The first to appear was Victor Eijkhout's excellent ``\TeX{} by +Topic'' in 2001 (it had been published by Addison-Wesley, but was long +out of print). The book is now available on \acro{CTAN}; it's not a +beginner's tutorial but it's a fine reference. It's also available, +as a printed copy, via the on-line publishers +\href{http://www.lulu.com/content/2555607/}{Lulu} (not quite free, of +course, but not a \emph{bad} deal\dots{}). + +Addison-Wesley have also released the copyright of ``\TeX{} for the +Impatient'' by Paul W.~Abrahams, Karl Berry and Kathryn A.~Hargreaves, +another book whose unavailability many have lamented. The authors +have re-released the book under the \acro{GNU} Free Documentation +Licence, and it is available from \acro{CTAN}. + +Norm Walsh's ``Making \TeX{} Work'' (originally published by O'Reilly) +is also available (free) on the Web, at +\URL{http://makingtexwork.sourceforge.net/mtw/}; the sources of the +Web page are on \acro{CTAN}. The book was an excellent resource in +its day, but while it is now somewhat dated, it still has its uses, +and is a welcome addition to the list of on-line resources. A project +to update it is believed to be under way. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Making \TeX{} Work]\CTANref{mtw} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\TeX{} by Topic]\CTANref{texbytopic} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\TeX{} for the Impatient]\CTANref{TftI} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-29} + +\Question[Q-pkgdoc]{Documentation of packages} + +These \acro{FAQ}s regularly suggest packages that will ``solve'' +particular problems. In some cases, the answer provides a recipe for +the job. In other cases, or when the solution needs elaborating, how +is the poor user to find out what to do? + +If you're lucky, the package you need is already in your installation. +If you're particularly lucky, you're using a distribution that gives +access to package documentation and the documentation is available in +a form that can easily be shown. + +On \texlive{}-based distributions, help should be available from the +\ProgName{texdoc} command, as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +texdoc footmisc +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which opens a window showing documentation of the \Package{footmisc} +package. (The window is tailored to the file type, in the way normal +for the system.) + +If \ProgName{texdoc} can't find any documentation, it may launch a Web +browser to look at the package's entry in the \acro{CTAN} catalogue. +The catalogue has an entry for package documentation, and most authors +respond to the \acro{CTAN} team's request for documentation of +packages, you will more often than not find documentation that way. + +On \miktex{} systems, the same function is provided by the +\ProgName{mthelp}. + +Note that the site \url{texdoc.net} provides access to the +documentation you \emph{would} have if you had a \emph{full} +installation of \texlive{}; on the site you can simply ask for a +package (as you would ask \ProgName{texdoc}, or you can use the site's +index of documentation to find what you want. (This is helpful for +some of us: many people don't have a full \alltex{} installation on +their mobile phone~\dots{} yet.) + +If your luck (as defined above) doesn't hold out, you've got to find +documentation by other means. That is, you have to find the +documentation for yourself. The rest of this answer offers a range of +possible techniques. + +The commonest form of documentation of \LaTeX{} add-ons is within the +\extension{dtx} file in which the code is distributed (see +\Qref[answer]{documented \LaTeX{} sources}{Q-dtx}). Such files +are supposedly processable by \LaTeX{} itself, but there are +occasional hiccups on the way to readable documentation. Common +problems are that the package itself is needed to process its own +documentation (so must be unpacked before processing), and that the +\extension{dtx} file will \emph{not} in fact process with \LaTeX{}. In the +latter case, the \extension{ins} file will usually produce a +\extension{drv} (or similarly-named) file, which you process with +\LaTeX{} instead. (Sometimes the package author even thinks to +mention this wrinkle in a package \texttt{README} file.) + +Another common form is the separate documentation file; particularly +if a package is ``conceptually large'' (and therefore needs a lot of +documentation), the documentation would prove a cumbersome extension +to the \extension{dtx} file. Examples of such cases are the \Class{memoir} +class, the \Class{KOMA-script} bundle +(whose developers take the trouble to produce detailed documentation +in both German and English), the \Package{pgf} documentation (which +would make a substantial book in its own right) +and the \Package{fancyhdr} package (whose +documentation derives from a definitive tutorial in a mathematical +journal). Even if the documentation is not separately identified in a +\texttt{README} file, it should not be too difficult to recognise its +existence. + +Documentation within the package itself is the third common form. +Such documentation ordinarily appears in comments at the head of the +file, though at least one eminent author regularly places it after the +\csx{endinput} command in the package. (This is desirable, since +\csx{endinput} is a `logical' end-of-file, and \AllTeX{} doesn't read +beyond it: thus such documentation does not `cost' any package loading time.) + +The above suggestions cover most possible ways of finding +documentation. If, despite your best efforts, you can't find +it in any of the above places, there's the awful possibility that the +author didn't bother to document his package (on the ``if it was hard +to write, it should be hard to use'' philosophy). Most ordinary +mortals will seek support from some more experienced user at this +stage, though it \emph{is} possible to proceed in the way that the original +author apparently expected\dots{}by reading his code. +\LastEdit{2012-11-09} + +\Question[Q-writecls]{Learning to write \LaTeX{} classes and packages} + +There's nothing particularly magic about the commands you use when +writing a package, so you can simply bundle up a set of \LaTeX{} +\csx{(re)newcommand} and \csx{(re)newenvironment} commands, put them in +a file \File{package.sty} and you have a package. + +However, any but the most trivial package will require rather more +sophistication. Some details of \LaTeX{} commands for the job are to +be found in `\LaTeXe{} for class and package writers' +(\File{clsguide}, part of the \LaTeX{} documentation distribution). +Beyond this, a good knowledge of \TeX{} itself is valuable: thus books +such as the \Qref*{\TeX{}book}{Q-tex-books} or % ! line break +\Qref*{\TeX{} by topic}{Q-ol-books} are relevant. With good \TeX{} +knowledge it is possible to use the documented source of \LaTeX{} as +reference material (dedicated authors will acquaint themselves with the +source as a matter of course). A complete set of the documented +source of \LaTeX{} may be prepared by processing the file +\File{source2e.tex} in the \LaTeX{} distribution. Such processing is +noticeably tedious, but Heiko Oberdiek has prepared a well-linked +\acro{PDF} version, which is in the file \File{base.tds.zip} of his +\ProgName{latex-tds} distribution. Individual files in the \LaTeX{} +distribution may be processed separately with \LaTeX{}, like any +well-constructed \Qref*{\extension{dtx} file}{Q-dtx}. + +Writing good classes is not easy; it's a good idea to read some +established ones (\File{classes.dtx}, for example, is the documented +source of the standard classes other than \Class{Letter}, and may +itself be formatted with \LaTeX{}). Classes that are not part of the +distribution are commonly based on ones that are, and start by loading +the standard class with \csx{LoadClass}~--- an example of this +technique may be seen in \Package{ltxguide.cls} + +An % !! line break +\href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb28-1/tb88flynn.pdf}{annotated version of \Class{article}}, +as it appears in \File{classes.dtx}, was published in +\TUGboat{} 28(1). The article, by Peter Flynn, is a good guide to +understanding \File{classes.dtx} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[classes.dtx]\CTANref{latex-classes} +\item[clsguide.pdf]\CTANref{clsguide} +\item[latex-tds \nothtml{rmfamily}collection]\CTANref{latex-tds} +\item[ltxguide.cls]\CTANref{ltxguide} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeX{} documentation]\CTANref{latexdoc} +\item[source2e.tex]\CTANref{latex-source} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-07-19} + +\Question[Q-latex3-prog]{\latex{}3 programming} +As yet, there is no book ``Programming in \latex{}3'', and even if +such a thing existed there would be lots of gaps. So there is no +\emph{comprehensive} support. + +However, there are some `resources': +\begin{itemize} +\item The ``introduction to \latex{}3 ideas'' in the \Package{expl3} + documentation gives a broad-brush overview of the concepts. +\item Joseph Wright has written a short series of % !line break + \href{http://www.texdev.net/index.php?s=programming+latex3}{blog posts}, + which may help. +\item There is also a complete command reference in the + \Package{interface3} document. +\end{itemize} + +The documents are still subject to development; some of the broader +design issues are discussed on the \latex{} mailing list +\texttt{latex-l}~--- you may subscribe to that list by sending a +message by sending a message +\begin{quote} + `\texttt{subscribe latex-l <\emph{your name}>}' +\end{quote} +to \mailto{listserv@urz.Uni-Heidelberg.de} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[expl3.pdf]\CTANref{expl3-doc} +\item[interface3.pdf]\CTANref{interface3-doc} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2012-11-29} + +\Question[Q-mfptutorials]{\MF{} and \MP{} Tutorials} + +Apart from Knuth's book, there seems to be only one publicly-available +\href{http://metafont.tutorial.free.fr/}{tutorial for \MF{}}, by +Christophe Grandsire (a copy in \acro{PDF} form may be downloaded). +Geoffrey Tobin's \textit{\MF{} for Beginners} % !! line break +(see \Qref[question]{using \MF{}}{Q-useMF}) describes how the \MF{} +system works and how to avoid some of the potential pitfalls. + +There is also an article on how to run both \MF{} and \MP{} (the +programs). Peter Wilson's % !! line break +\textit{Some Experiences in Running \MF{} and \MP{}} +offers the benefit of Peter's experience (he has designed a number of +`historical' fonts using \MF{}). For \MF{} the article is geared +towards testing and installing new \MF{} fonts, while its \MP{} +section describes how to use \MP{} illustrations in \LaTeX{} and +\PDFLaTeX{} documents, with an emphasis on how to use appropriate +fonts for any text or mathematics. + +Hans Hagen (of \CONTeXT{} fame) offers a \MP{} tutorial called +MetaFun (which admittedly concentrates on the use of \MP{} within +\CONTeXT{}). It may be found on his company's % ! line break +\href{http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/manuals/metafun-p.pdf}{`manuals' page}. + +Other \MP{} tutorials that have appeared are two in English by % ! line breaks +\href{http://remote.science.uva.nl/~heck/Courses/mptut.pdf}{Andr\'e Heck} +and \href{http://www.tlhiv.org/MetaPost/tutorial/}{Urs Oswald}, +and one in French (listed here because it's clearly enough written +that even this author understands it), by +\href{http://pauillac.inria.fr/~cheno/metapost/metapost.pdf}{Laurent Ch\'eno}; +both have been recommended for inclusion in the \acro{FAQ} + +Urs Oswald's tutorial is accompanied by a super tool (by Troy +Henderson) for testing little bits of \MP{}, which is an invaluable +aid to the learner: \URL{http://www.tlhiv.org/mppreview} + +Vincent Zoonekynd's massive set of example \MP{} files is available on +\acro{CTAN}; the set includes a \ProgName{Perl} script to convert the +set to html, and the set may be % beware line break +\href{http://zoonek.free.fr/LaTeX/Metapost/metapost.html}{viewed on the web}. +While these examples don't exactly constitute a ``tutorial'', they're +most certainly valuable learning material. Urs Oswald presents a +\href{http://www.ursoswald.ch/metapost/tutorial.pdf}{similar document}, +written more as a document, and presented in \acro{PDF}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Beginners' guide]\CTANref{mf-beginners} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Peter Wilson's ``experiences'']\CTANref{metafp-pdf} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Vincent Zoonekynd's examples]\CTANref{zoon-mp-eg} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-11-21} + +\Question[Q-BibTeXing]{\bibtex{} Documentation} + +\bibtex{}, a program originally designed to produce bibliographies in +conjunction with \LaTeX{}, is explained in Section~4.3 and Appendix~B +of Leslie Lamport's \LaTeX{} manual. +The document ``\bibtex{}ing'', in the \bibtex{} distribution (look for +\File{btxdoc}), +expands on the chapter in Lamport's book. \emph{The \LaTeX{} Companion} +also has information on \bibtex{} and writing \bibtex{} style files. +(See \Qref[question]{\latex{} books}{Q-latex-books} for details of both +books.) + +The document ``Designing \bibtex{} Styles'', also in the \bibtex{} +distribution (look for +\File{btxhak}), explains the postfix stack-based language used to +write \bibtex{} styles (\File{.bst} files). The file\File{btxbst.doc}, +also in the \bibtex{} distribution, +is the template for the four standard styles (\Package{plain}, +\Package{abbrv}, \Package{alpha}, and \Package{unsrt}); it also +contains their documentation. + +A useful tutorial of the whole process of using \BibTeX{} is Nicolas +Markey's ``\emph{Tame the BeaST (The B to X of \BibTeX{})}'', which +may also be found on \acro{CTAN}. A summary and \acro{FAQ} by Michael +Shell and David Hoadley, is also to be recommended. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\BibTeX{} distribution]\CTANref{bibtex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Shell and Hoadley's FAQ]\CTANref{bibtex-faq} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Tame the BeaST]\CTANref{ttb-pdf} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-symbols]{Where can I find the symbol for\,\dots{}} +\keywords{assignment circular integral degrees diagonal dots Fourier transform} +\keywords{Laplace greater less complex integer natural real} +\keywords{cent euro} + +There is a wide range of symbols available for use with \TeX{}, most +of which are not shown (or even mentioned) in \AllTeX{} books. +\emph{The Comprehensive \LaTeX{} Symbol List} (by Scott Pakin +% beware line wrap +\emph{et al.}\@) illustrates over 2000 symbols, and details the +commands and the \LaTeX{} packages needed to produce them. + +However, while the symbol list is a wonderful resource, it is never +easy to find a particular symbol there. A graphical % ! line break +\href{http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}{symbol search} is +available on the web. The site provides you a scratch area on which +you draw the symbol you're thinking of, with your mouse; when you've +finished drawing, the classifier tries to match your sketch with +symbols it knows about. The matching process is pretty good, even for +the sketches of a \emph{really} poor draughtsman (such as the present +author), and it's often worth trying more than once. `Detexify apps' +are available for both Android and iPhone devices, you can use them to +draw the symbol with your fingertip~--- a less challenging procedure +than using your workstation's mouse, by all accounts! + +If you are using Unicode maths in \xetex{} or \luatex{}, your own +distribution ought to provide the Unicode maths symbol table +\File{unimath-symbols.pdf}; this lists the things available in the +commonly-used mathematics fonts. (If the file isn't already available +on your system, you can download it from \acro{CTAN}, where it live +with the \Package{unicode-math} package. + +Other questions in this \acro{FAQ} offer specific help on kinds of +symbols: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Qref*{Script fonts for mathematics}{Q-scriptfonts} +\item \Qref*{Fonts for the number sets}{Q-numbersets} +\item \Qref*{Typesetting the principal value integral}{Q-prinvalint} +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Symbol List]Browse \CTANref{symbols}; there + are processed versions \acro{PDF} form for both A4 and letter paper. +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Unicode maths symbols]Distributed as part of + \CTANref{unicode-math} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-09-03} + +\Question[Q-docpictex]{The \pictex{} manual} + +\pictex{} is a set of macros by Michael Wichura for drawing diagrams +and pictures. The +macros are freely available; however, the +\pictex{} manual itself is not free. +Unfortunately, \acro{TUG} is no longer able to supply copies of the +manual (as it once did), and it is now available only through Personal +\TeX{} Inc, the vendors of PC\TeX{} (\URL{http://www.pctex.com/}). The +manual is \emph{not} available electronically. + +However, there \emph{is} a summary of \pictex{} commands available on +\acro{CTAN}, which is a great aide-memoire for those who basically +know the package to start with. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\pictex{}]\CTANref{pictex} +\item[\pictex{} summary]\CTANref{pictex-summary} +\end{ctanrefs} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-dvi.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-dvi.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..030a0452b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-dvi.tex @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +% $Id: faq-dvi.tex,v 1.1 2009/06/13 20:56:38 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{\acro{DVI} Drivers and Previewers} + +\Question[Q-dvips]{\acro{DVI} to \PS{} conversion programs} + +The best public domain \acro{DVI} to \PS{} conversion program, which +runs under many operating systems, is Tom Rokicki's \ProgName{dvips}. +\ProgName{dvips} is written in \acro{C} and ports easily. All current +development is in the context of Karl Berry's \ProgName{kpathsea} +library, and sources are available from the \texlive{} repository, +and versions are available in all \TeX{} distributions that recognise +the use of \PS{}. + +An \acro{VMS} versions is available as part of the \acro{CTAN} +distribution of \TeX{} for \acro{VMS}. + +A precompiled version to work with em\TeX{} is available on \acro{CTAN}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\MSDOS{} and \latexhtml{\acro{OS/}}{OS/}2]% + \CTANref{dvips-pc} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}VMS distribution]\CTANref{OpenVMSTeX} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-HPdrivers]{\acro{DVI} drivers for \acro{HP} LaserJet} + +The em\TeX{} distribution (see \Qref[question]{\TeX{} systems}{Q-TeXsystems}) +contains a driver for the LaserJet, \ProgName{dvihplj}. + +Version 2.10 of the Beebe drivers supports the LaserJet. These drivers +will compile under Unix, \acro{VMS}, and on the Atari ST and +\acro{DEC}-20s. + +For Unix systems, Karl Berry's \ProgName{dviljk} uses the same +path-searching library as \ProgName{web2c}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Beebe drivers]\CTANref{beebe} +\item[dviljk]\CTANref{dviljk} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-otherprinters]{Output to ``other'' printers} + +In the early years of \TeX{}, there were masses of \acro{DVI} drivers +for any (then) imaginable kind of printer, but the steam seems rather +to have gone out of the market for production of drivers for +printer-specific formats. There are several reasons for this, but the +primary one is that few formats offer the flexibility available +through \PS{}, and \ProgName{ghostscript} is \emph{so} good, and +has \emph{such} a wide range of printer drivers (perhaps this is where +the \acro{DVI} output driver writers have all gone?). + +The general advice, then, is to \Qref*{generate \PS{}}{Q-dvips}, and +to process that with \ProgName{ghostscript} set to generate the format +for the printer you actually have. If you are using a Unix system of +some sort, it's generally quite easy to insert \ProgName{ghostscript} +into the print spooling process. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-previewers]{\acro{DVI} previewers} + +Em\TeX{} for \acro{PC}s running \MSDOS{} or \acro{OS/}2, \miktex{} and +XEm\TeX{} for \acro{PC}s running Windows and Oz\TeX{} for the Macintosh, all +come with previewers that can be used on those platforms. Em\TeX{}'s +previewer can also be run under Windows~3.1. + +Commercial \acro{PC} \TeX{} packages (see % ! line break +\Qref[question]{commercial vendors}{Q-commercial}) +have good previewers for \acro{PC}s running Windows, or for Macintoshes. + +For Unix systems, there is one `canonical' viewer, \ProgName{xdvi}. +\ProgName{Xdvik} is a version of \ProgName{xdvi} using the +\ProgName{web2c} libraries; it is now built from the same distribution +as \ProgName{xdvi}. The \texlive{} distributions for Unix systems +include a version of \ProgName{xdvik}. + +Alternatives to previewing include +\begin{itemize} +\item conversion to `similar' \acro{ASCII} text (see + \Qref[question]{converting to \acro{ASCII}}{Q-toascii}) and using a + conventional text viewer to look at that, +\item generating a \PS{} version of your document and viewing it + with a \ProgName{Ghostscript}-based previewer (see + \Qref[question]{previewing \PS{} files}{Q-PSpreview}), and +\item generating \acro{PDF} output, and viewing that with + \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader} or one of the substitutes for that. +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[xdvi]\CTANref{xdvi} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-dvi-bmp]{Generating bitmaps from \acro{DVI}} + +In the last analysis, any \acro{DVI} driver or previewer is generating +bitmaps: bitmaps for placing tiny dots on paper via a laser- or +inkjet-printer, or bitmaps for filling some portion of your screen. +However, it's usually difficult to extract any of those bitmaps any +way other than by screen capture, and the resolution of \emph{that} is +commonly lamentable. + +Why would one want separate bitmaps? Most often, the requirement is for +something that can be included in \acro{HTML} generated from \AllTeX{} +source~--- not everything that you can write in \AllTeX{} can be +translated to \acro{HTML} (at least, portable \acro{HTML} that may be +viewed in `most' browsers), so the commonest avoiding action is to +generate a bitmap of the missing bit. Examples are maths (a maths +extension to the `|*|\acro{ML}' family is available but not +universally supported by browsers), and `exotic' typescripts (ones +that you cannot guarantee your readers will have available). Other +common examples are generation of +sample bitmaps, and generation for insertion into some other +application's display~--- to insert equations into Microsoft +PowerPoint, or to support the enhanced-\ProgName{emacs} setup called +\Qref*{\ProgName{preview}-\ProgName{latex}}{Q-WYGexpts}. + +In the past, the commonest way of generating bitmaps was to generate a +\PS{} file of the \acro{DVI} and then use \ProgName{ghostscript} to +produce the required bitmap format (possibly by way of \acro{PNM} +format or something similar). This is an undesirable procedure (it is +very slow, and requires two or three steps) but it has served for a +long time. + +\AllTeX{} users may now take advantage of two bitmap `drivers'. The +longer-established, \ProgName{dvi2bitmap}, will generate \acro{XBM} and +\acro{XPM} formats, the long-deprecated \acro{GIF} format (which is +now obsolescent, but has finally been relieved of the patent +protection of the \acro{LZW} compression it uses), and also +the modern (\acro{ISO}-standardised) \acro{PNG} format. + +Dvipng started out as a PNG renderer; from version 1.2 it can also +render to the GIF format. It is designed for speed, in environments that +generate large numbers of \acro{PNG} files: the \File{README} mentions +\ProgName{preview}-\ProgName{latex}, \ProgName{LyX}, and a few +web-oriented environments. Note that \ProgName{dvipng} gives +high-quality output even though its internal operations are optimised +for speed. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dvi2bitmap]\CTANref{dvi2bitmap} +\item[dvipng]\CTANref{dvipng} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-fmt-conv.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-fmt-conv.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b899a2d62f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-fmt-conv.tex @@ -0,0 +1,458 @@ +% $Id: faq-fmt-conv.tex,v 1.8 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Format conversions} + +\Question[Q-toascii]{Conversion from \AllTeX{} to plain text} + +The aim here is to emulate the Unix \ProgName{nroff}, which formats +text as best it can for the screen, from the same +input as the Unix typesetting program \ProgName{troff}. + +Converting \acro{DVI} to plain text is the basis of many of these +techniques; sometimes the simple conversion provides a good enough +response. Options are: +\begin{itemize} +\item \ProgName{dvi2tty} (one of the earliest), +\item \ProgName{crudetype} and +\item \ProgName{catdvi}, which is capable of generating Latin-1 + (ISO~8859-1) or \acro{UTF}-8 encoded output. \ProgName{Catdvi} was + conceived as a replacement for \ProgName{dvi2tty}, but development + seems to have stopped before the authors were willing to declare the + work complete. +\end{itemize} +A common problem is the hyphenation that \TeX{} inserts when +typesetting something: since the output is inevitably viewed using +fonts that don't match the original, the hyphenation usually looks +silly. + +Ralph Droms provides a \Package{txt} bundle of things in support of +\acro{ASCII} generation, +but it doesn't do a good job with tables and mathematics. + +Another possibility is to +use the \LaTeX{}-to-\acro{ASCII} conversion program, \ProgName{l2a}, +although this is really more of a de-\TeX{}ing program. + +The canonical de-\TeX{}ing program is \ProgName{detex}, which removes +all comments and control sequences +from its input before writing it to its output. Its original purpose +was to prepare input for a dumb spelling checker, and it's only usable +for preparing useful \acro{ASCII} versions of a document in highly +restricted circumstances. + +\ProgName{Tex2mail} is slightly more than a de-TeX{}er~--- it's a +\ProgName{Perl} script that converts \TeX{} files into +plain text files, expanding various mathematical symbols +(sums, products, integrals, sub/superscripts, fractions, square +roots, \dots{}\@) into ``\acro{ASCII} art'' that spreads over +multiple lines if necessary. The result is more readable to human +beings than the flat-style \TeX{} code. + +Another significant possibility is to use one of the +\Qref*{\acro{HTML}-generation solutions}{Q-LaTeX2HTML}, +and then to use a browser such as \ProgName{lynx} to dump the resulting +\acro{HTML} as plain text. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[catdvi]\CTANref{catdvi} +\item[crudetype]\CTANref{crudetype} +\item[detex]\CTANref{detex} +\item[dvi2tty]\CTANref{dvi2tty} +\item[l2a]\CTANref{l2a} +\item[tex2mail]\CTANref{tex2mail} +\item[txt]\CTANref{txtdist} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-07-21} + +\Question[Q-SGML2TeX]{Conversion from \acro{SGML} or \acro{HTML} to \protect\TeX{}} + +\acro{SGML} is a very important system for document storage and interchange, +but it has no formatting features; its companion \acro{ISO} standard +\acro{DSSSL} +(see \URL{http://www.jclark.com/dsssl/}) is designed for writing +transformations and formatting, +but this has not yet been widely implemented. Some \acro{SGML} authoring +systems (e.g., SoftQuad \ProgName{Author/Editor}) have formatting +abilities, and +there are high-end specialist \acro{SGML} typesetting systems (e.g., Miles33's +\ProgName{Genera}). However, the majority of \acro{SGML} users probably transform +the source to an existing typesetting system when they want to print. +\TeX{} is a good candidate for this. There are three approaches to writing a +translator: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Write a free-standing translator in the traditional way, with + tools like \ProgName{yacc} and \ProgName{lex}; this is hard, in + practice, because of the complexity of \acro{SGML}. +\item Use a specialist language designed for \acro{SGML} transformations; the + best known are probably \ProgName{Omnimark} and \ProgName{Balise}. + They are expensive, but powerful, incorporating \acro{SGML} query and + transformation abilities as well as simple translation. +\item Build a translator on top of an existing \acro{SGML} parser. By far + the best-known (and free!) parser is James Clark's + \ProgName{nsgmls}, and this produces a much simpler output format, + called \acro{ESIS}, which can be parsed quite straightforwardly (one also + has the benefit of an \acro{SGML} parse against the \acro{DTD}). Two + good public domain packages use this method: + \begin{itemize} + \item +\begin{narrowversion} % really non-hyper + David Megginson's \ProgName{sgmlspm}, written in \ProgName{Perl} + 5, which is available from + \URL{http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/SGMLS} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + David Megginson's + \href{http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/SGMLS}{\ProgName{sgmlspm}}, + written in \ProgName{Perl} 5. +\end{wideversion} + \item +\begin{narrowversion} % really non-hyper + Joachim Schrod and Christine Detig's \ProgName{STIL} + (`\acro{SGML} Transformations in Lisp'), which is available from + \URL{ftp://ftp.tu-darmstadt.de/pub/text/sgml/stil} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + Joachim Schrod and Christine Detig's + \href{ftp://ftp.tu-darmstadt.de/pub/text/sgml/stil}{\ProgName{STIL}}, + (`\acro{SGML} Transformations in Lisp'). +\end{wideversion} + \end{itemize} + Both of these allow the user to write `handlers' for every \acro{SGML} + element, with plenty of access to attributes, entities, and + information about the context within the document tree. + + If these packages don't meet your needs for an average \acro{SGML} + typesetting job, you need the big commercial stuff. +\end{enumerate} + +Since \acro{HTML} is simply an example of \acro{SGML}, we do not need a specific +system for \acro{HTML}. However, Nathan Torkington developed +% (\Email{Nathan.Torkington@vuw.ac.nz}) +\ProgName{html2latex} from the \acro{HTML} parser in \acro{NCSA}'s +Xmosaic package. +The program takes an \acro{HTML} file and generates a \LaTeX{} file from it. +The conversion code is subject to \acro{NCSA} restrictions, but the whole +source is available on \acro{CTAN}. + +Michel Goossens and Janne Saarela published a very useful summary of +\acro{SGML}, and of public domain tools for writing and manipulating it, in +\TUGboat{} 16(2). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[html2latex \nothtml{\rmfamily}source]\CTANref{html2latex} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-LaTeX2HTML]{Conversion from \AllTeX{} to \acro{HTML}} + +\TeX{} and \LaTeX{} are well suited to producing electronically publishable +documents. However, it is important to realize the difference +between page layout and functional markup. \TeX{} is capable of +extremely detailed page layout; \acro{HTML} is not, because \acro{HTML} is a +functional markup language not a page layout language. \acro{HTML}'s exact +rendering is not specified by the document that is published but is, to +some degree, left to the discretion of the browser. If you require your +readers to see an exact replication of what your document looks like +to you, then you cannot use \acro{HTML} and you must use some other +publishing format such as \acro{PDF}. That is true for any \acro{HTML} +authoring tool. + +\TeX{}'s excellent mathematical capabilities remain a challenge in the +business of conversion to \acro{HTML}. There are only two generally +reliable techniques for generating mathematics on the web: creating +bitmaps of bits of typesetting that can't be translated, and using +symbols and table constructs. Neither technique is entirely +satisfactory. Bitmaps lead to a profusion of tiny files, are slow to +load, and are inaccessible to those with visual disabilities. The +symbol fonts offer poor coverage of mathematics, and their use +requires configuration of the browser. The future of mathematical +browsing may be brighter~--- see +% beware line break +\Qref[question]{future Web technologies}{Q-mathml}. + +For today, possible packages are: +\begin{description} +\item[\ProgName{LaTeX2HTML}]a \ProgName{Perl} script package that + supports \LaTeX{} only, and generates mathematics (and other + ``difficult'' things) using bitmaps. The original version was + written by Nikos Drakos for Unix systems, but the package now sports + an illustrious list of co-authors and is also available for Windows + systems. Michel Goossens and Janne Saarela published a detailed + discussion of \ProgName{LaTeX2HTML}, and how to tailor it, in + \TUGboat{} 16(2). + + A mailing list for users may be found via + \URL{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/latex2html} +\item[\ProgName{TtH}]a compiled program that supports either \LaTeX{} + or \plaintex{}, and uses the font/table technique for representing + mathematics. It is written by Ian Hutchinson, using + \ProgName{flex}. The distribution consists of a single \acro{C} + source (or a compiled executable), which is easy to install and very + fast-running. +\item[\ProgName{TeX4ht}]a compiled program that supports either + \LaTeX{} or \plaintex{}, by processing a \acro{DVI} file; it uses + bitmaps for mathematics, but can also use other technologies where + appropriate. Written by Eitan Gurari, it parses the \acro{DVI} + file generated when you run \AllTeX{} over your file with + \ProgName{tex4ht}'s macros included. As a result, it's pretty + robust against the macros you include in your document, and it's + also pretty fast. +\item[\ProgName{plasTeX}]a Python-based \LaTeX{} document processing + framework. It gives DOM-like access to a \LaTeX{} document, as + well as the ability to generate mulitple output formats + (e.g. HTML, DocBook, tBook, etc.). +\item[\ProgName{TeXpider}]a commercial program from + \Qref*{Micropress}{Q-commercial}, which is + described on \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/webb/wbstart.htm}; + it uses bitmaps for equations. +\item[\ProgName{Hevea}] a compiled program that supports \LaTeX{} + only, and uses the font/table technique for equations (indeed its + entire approach is very similar to \ProgName{TtH}). It is written + in Objective \acro{CAML} by Luc Maranget. \ProgName{Hevea} isn't + archived on \acro{CTAN}; details (including download points) are + available via \URL{http://pauillac.inria.fr/~maranget/hevea/} +\end{description} +An interesting set of samples, including conversion of the same text +by the four free programs listed above, is available at +\URL{http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/samples/example.htm}; a linked +page gives lists of pros and cons, by way of comparison. + +The World Wide Web Consortium maintains a list of ``filters'' to +\acro{HTML}, with sections on \AllTeX{} and \BibTeX{}~--- see +\URL{http://www.w3.org/Tools/Word_proc_filters.html} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[latex2html]Browse \CTANref{latex2html} +\item[plasTeX]Browse \CTANref{plastex} +\item[tex4ht]\CTANref{tex4ht} (but see \url{http://tug.org/tex4ht/}) +\item[tth]\CTANref{tth} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-fmtconv]{Other conversions to and from \AllTeX{}} + +\begin{description} +\item[troff]\ProgName{Tr2latex}, assists in the translation of a + \ProgName{troff} document into \LaTeXo{} format. It recognises most + |-ms| and |-man| macros, plus most \ProgName{eqn} and some + \ProgName{tbl} preprocessor commands. Anything fancier needs to be + done by hand. Two style files are provided. There is also a man page + (which converts very well to \LaTeX{}\dots{}). + \ProgName{Tr2latex} is an enhanced version of the earlier + \ProgName{troff-to-latex} (which is no longer available). + +% The \acro{DECUS} \TeX{} distribution (see +% \Qref[question]{sources of software}{Q-archives}) +% also contains a program which converts \ProgName{troff} to \TeX{}. + +%\item[Scribe] Mark James (\Email{jamesm@dialogic.com}) has a copy of +% \ProgName{scribe2latex} he has been unable to test but which he will +% let anyone interested have. The program was written by Van Jacobson +% of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.% +% \checked{RF}{1994/11/18} + +\item[WordPerfect] \ProgName{wp2latex} is actively maintained, and is + available either for \MSDOS{} or for Unix systems. +\item[\acro{RTF}] \ProgName{Rtf2tex}, by Robert Lupton, is for + converting Microsoft's Rich Text Format to \TeX{}. There is also a + converter to \LaTeX{} by Erwin Wechtl, called \ProgName{rtf2latex}. + The latest converter, by Ujwal Sathyam and Scott Prahl, is + \ProgName{rtf2latex2e} which seems rather good, though development + of it seems to have stalled. + + Translation \emph{to} \acro{RTF} may be done (for a somewhat + constrained set of \LaTeX{} documents) by \TeX{}2\acro{RTF}, which + can produce ordinary \acro{RTF}, Windows Help \acro{RTF} (as well as + \acro{HTML}, \Qref{conversion to HTML}{Q-LaTeX2HTML}). + \TeX{}2\acro{RTF} is supported on various Unix platforms and under + Windows~3.1 +\item[Microsoft Word] A rudimentary (free) program for converting + \acro{MS-W}ord to \LaTeX{} is \ProgName{wd2latex}, which runs on \MSDOS{}; + it probably produces output destined for an archaic version of + \acro{MS-W}ord (the program itself was archived in 1991). + + The current preferred free-software method is a two-stage process: + \begin{itemize} + \item Convert \latex{} to \ProgName{OpenOffice} format, using the + \ProgName{tex4ht} command \ProgName{oolatex}; + \item open the result in \ProgName{OpenOffice} and `save as' a + \acro{MS-W}ord document. + \end{itemize} + (Note that \ProgName{OpenOffice} itself is \emph{not} on + \acro{CTAN}; see \url{http://www.openoffice.org/}, though most + \ProgName{linux} systems offer it as a ready-to-install bundle.) + + \ProgName{Word2}\emph{\TeX{}} and \emph{\TeX{}}\ProgName{2Word} are + shareware translators from % beware line break + \href{http://www.chikrii.com/}{Chikrii Softlab}; positive users' + reports have been noted (but not recently). + + The excellent \ProgName{tex4ht} will generate OpenOffice \acro{ODT} + format, which can be used as an intermediate to producing Word + format files. + + If cost is a constraint, the best bet is probably to use an + intermediate format such as \acro{RTF} or \acro{HTML}. + \ProgName{Word} outputs and reads both, so in principle this route + may be useful. + + You can also use \acro{PDF} as an intermediate format: Acrobat Reader + for Windows (version 5.0 and later) will output rather feeble + \acro{RTF} that \ProgName{Word} can read. +\item[Excel] \ProgName{Excel2Latex} converts an \ProgName{Excel} file + into a \LaTeX{} \environment{tabular} environment; it comes as a + \extension{xls} file which defines some \ProgName{Excel} macros to produce + output in a new format. +\item[runoff] Peter Vanroose's \ProgName{rnototex} + conversion program is written in \acro{VMS} Pascal. + The sources are distributed with a \acro{VAX} executable. +\item[refer/tib] There are a few programs for converting bibliographic + data between \BibTeX{} and \ProgName{refer}/\ProgName{tib} formats. + The collection includes a shell script converter from \BibTeX{} to + \ProgName{refer} format as well. The collection + is not maintained. +\item[\acro{PC}-Write]\ProgName{pcwritex.arc} is a + print driver for \acro{PC}-Write that ``prints'' a \acro{PC}-Write + V2.71 document to a \TeX{}-compatible disk file. It was written by Peter + Flynn at University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland. +\end{description} + +% beware line breaks +\href{http://www.tug.org/utilities/texconv/index.html}{Wilfried Hennings' \acro{FAQ}}, +which deals specifically with conversions between \TeX{}-based formats +and word processor formats, offers much detail as well as tables that +allow quick comparison of features. + +A group at Ohio State University (\acro{USA}) is working on +a common document format based on \acro{SGML}, with the ambition that any +format could be +translated to or from this one. \ProgName{FrameMaker} provides +``import filters'' to aid translation from alien formats +(presumably including \TeX{}) to \ProgName{FrameMaker}'s own. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[excel2latex]\CTANref{excel2latex} +\item[pcwritex.arc]\CTANref{pcwritex} +\item[refer and tib tools]\CTANref{refer-tools} +\item[rnototex]\CTANref{rnototex} +\item[rtf2latex]\CTANref{rtf2latex} +\item[rtf2latex2e]\CTANref{rtf2latex2e} +\item[rtf2tex]\CTANref{rtf2tex} +\item[tex2rtf]\CTANref{tex2rtf} +\item[tex4ht]\CTANref{tex4ht} (but see \url{http://tug.org/tex4ht/}) +\item[tr2latex]\CTANref{tr2latex} +\item[wd2latex]\CTANref{wd2latex} +\item[wp2latex]\CTANref{wp2latex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Word processor \acro{FAQ} (source)]% + \CTANref{texcnvfaq} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-readML]{Using \TeX{} to read \acro{SGML} or \acro{XML} directly} + +\Qref{\context{} (mark \acro{IV})}{Q-context} can process some +\acro{*ML}, to produce typeset output directly. Details of what can +(and can not) be done, are discussed in % ! line break +\href{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/XML}{The \context{} \acro{WIKI}}. +\context{} is probably the system of choice for \alltex{} users who +also need to work in \acro{XML} (and friends). (Note that \context{} +mark~\acro{IV} requires \Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, and should +therefore be regarded as experimental, though many people \emph{do} +use it successfully). + +Older systems also manage, using no more than \alltex{} macro +programming, to process \acro{XML} and the like. David Carlisle's +\Package{xmltex} is the prime example; it offers a solution +for typesetting \acro{XML} files, and is still in active (though not +very widespread) use. + +One use of a \TeX{} that can typeset \acro{XML} files is as a backend +processor for \acro{XSL} formatting objects, serialized as \acro{XML}. +Sebastian Rahtz's Passive\TeX{} uses \Package{xmltex} to +achieve this end. + +However, modern usage would proceed via \acro{XSL} or \acro{XSLT}2 to +produce a formattable version. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[Context]\CTANref{context} +\item[xmltex]\CTANref{xmltex} +\item[passivetex]\CTANref{passivetex} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-21} + +\Question[Q-recovertex]{Retrieving \AllTeX{} from \acro{DVI}, etc.} + +The job just can't be done automatically: \acro{DVI}, \PS{} and +\acro{PDF} are ``final'' formats, supposedly not susceptible to +further editing~--- information about where things came from has been +discarded. So if you've lost your \AllTeX{} source (or never +had the source of a document you need to work on) you've a serious job +on your hands. In many circumstances, the best strategy is to retype +the whole document, but this strategy is to be tempered by +consideration of the size of the document and the potential typists' +skills. + +If automatic assistance is necessary, it's unlikely that any more than +text retrieval is going to be possible; the \AllTeX{} markup that +creates the typographic effects of the document needs to be recreated +by editing. + +If the file you have is in \acro{DVI} format, many of the techniques +for \Qref*{converting \AllTeX{} to \acro{ASCII}}{Q-toascii} are +applicable. Consider \ProgName{dvi2tty}, \ProgName{crudetype} and +\ProgName{catdvi}. Remember that there are likely to be problems +finding included material (such as included \PS{} figures, that +don't appear in the \acro{DVI} file itself), and mathematics is +unlikely to convert easily. + +To retrieve text from \PS{} files, the +\ProgName{ps2ascii} tool (part of the \ProgName{ghostscript} +distribution) is available. One could try applying this tool to +\PS{} derived from an \acro{PDF} file using \ProgName{pdf2ps} (also +from the \ProgName{ghostscript} distribution), or \ProgName{Acrobat} +\ProgName{Reader} itself; an alternative is \ProgName{pdftotext}, +which is distributed with \ProgName{xpdf}. + +Another avenue available to those with a \acro{PDF} file they want to +process is offered by Adobe \ProgName{Acrobat} (version 5 or later): +you can tag the \acro{PDF} file into an estructured document, output +thence to well-formed \acro{XHTML}, and import the results into +Microsoft \ProgName{Word} (2000 or later). From there, one may +convert to \AllTeX{} using one of the techniques discussed in +% beware line break +\wideonly{``}\Qref[question]{converting to and from \AllTeX{}}{Q-fmtconv}\wideonly{''}. + +The result will typically (at best) be poorly marked-up. Problems may +also arise from the oddity of typical \TeX{} font encodings (notably +those of the maths fonts), which \ProgName{Acrobat} doesn't know how +to map to its standard Unicode representation. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[catdvi]\CTANref{catdvi} +\item[crudetype]\CTANref{crudetype} +\item[dvi2tty]\CTANref{dvi2tty} +\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript} +\item[xpdf]Browse \CTANref{xpdf} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2009-05-29} + +\Question[Q-LaTeXtoPlain]{Translating \LaTeX{} to \plaintex{}} + +Unfortunately, no ``general'', simple, automatic process is likely to +succeed at this task. See % ! line break +``\Qref*{How does \LaTeX{} relate to \plaintex{}}{Q-LaTeXandPlain}'' +for further details. + +Translating a document designed to work with \LaTeX{} into one +designed to work with \plaintex{} is likely to amount to carefully +including (or otherwise re-implementing) all those parts of \LaTeX{}, +beyond the provisions of \plaintex{}, which the document uses. + +Some of this work is has (in a sense) been done, in the port of the +\LaTeX{} graphics package to \plaintex{}. However, while +\Package{graphics} is available, other complicated packages (notably +\Package{hyperref}) are not. The aspiring translator may find the +\Qref*{\Eplain{}}{Q-eplain} system a useful source of code. (In fact, +a light-weight system such as \Eplain{} might reasonably be adopted as +an alternative target of translation, though it undoubtedly gives the +user more than the ``bare minimum'' that \plaintex{} is designed to +offer.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\begingroup\rmfamily}The\nothtml{\endgroup} eplain \nothtml{\rmfamily}system]% + \CTANref{eplain} +\item[\nothtml{\begingroup\rmfamily`}\plaintex{}\nothtml{'\endgroup} graphics]% + \CTANref{graphics-plain} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-05-04}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-fonts.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-fonts.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0df8df5671f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-fonts.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@ +% $Id: faq-fonts.tex,v 1.20 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{Fonts} + +\subsection{Adobe Type~1 (``\PS{}'') fonts} + +\Question[Q-usepsfont]{Using Adobe Type 1 fonts with \protect\TeX{}} + +In order to use any font, \TeX{} needs a +\emph{metric} file (\acro{TFM} file). Several sets of metrics for +common Adobe Type 1 fonts are +available from the archives; for mechanisms for generating new ones, +see \Qref[question]{metrics for \PS{} fonts}{Q-metrics}. You +also need the fonts themselves; \PS{} printers come with a set of +fonts built in, but to extend your repertoire you usually +need to buy from one of the many commercial font vendors (see, for +example, \Qref[question]{``choice of fonts''}{Q-psfchoice}). + +If you use \LaTeXe{}, access to your printer's fonts is offered by the +\acro{PSNFSS} package; the \LaTeX{}3 project team declare that +\acro{PSNFSS} is a ``required'' part of a \latex{} distribution, and +bug reports may be submitted via the % ! line break +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} bugs system}{Q-latexbug}. +\acro{PSNFSS} gives you a set of packages for changing the default +roman, sans-serif and typewriter fonts; \emph{e.g}., the +\Package{mathptmx} package will set up \FontName{Times} +\FontName{Roman} as the main text font (and introduces mechanisms to +typeset mathematics using \FontName{Times} and various more-or-less +matching fonts), while package \Package{avant} changes the sans-serif +family to \FontName{AvantGarde}, and \Package{courier} changes the +typewriter font to \FontName{Courier}. To go with these +packages, you need the font metric files +and font description (\File{.fd}) files for each font family you +want to use. For convenience, +metrics for the `common 35' \PS{} fonts found in most \PS{} printers +are provided with \acro{PSNFSS}, packaged as the ``Laserwriter set''. + +For older versions of \LaTeX{} there are various schemes, of which the +simplest to use is probably the \acro{PS}\LaTeX{} macros distributed with +\ProgName{dvips}. + +For \plaintex{}, you load whatever fonts you like; if the encoding of +the fonts is not the same as Computer Modern it will be up to you to +redefine various macros and accents, or you can use the font +re-encoding mechanisms available in many drivers and in +\ProgName{ps2pk} and \ProgName{afm2tfm}. + +Some common problems encountered are discussed elsewhere +(see \Qref[question]{problems with \acro{PS} fonts}{Q-psfontprob}). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[Metrics for the `Laserwriter' set of 35 fonts]\CTANref{lw35nfss-zip} +\item[psnfss]\CTANref{psnfss} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-PSpreview]{Previewing files using Type 1 fonts} + +Originally, free \TeX{} previewers were only capable of displaying +bitmap (\acro{PK}) fonts, but free Type~1 font rendering software has +been available for some time, and many previewers now use such +facilities. + +The alternative, for previewers, is automatic generation of the +requisite \acro{PK} files (using \ProgName{gsftopk}, or similar, +behind the scenes). + +In the unlikely event that your previewer isn't capable of either, you +have a couple options: +\begin{itemize} +\item Convert the \acro{DVI} file to \PS{} and use a + \PS{} previewer. Some systems offer this capability as + standard, but most people will need to use a separate previewer such + as \ProgName{ghostscript} or \ProgName{ghostscript}-based viewers + such as (free) \ProgName{gv} or (shareware) \ProgName{GSview}. +% \item Under Windows on a \acro{PC}, or on a Macintosh, let Adobe Type Manager +% display the fonts (textures, on the Macintosh, works like this). +% %% , and under +% %% Windows you can use \YandY{}'s \ProgName{dviwindo} for bitmap-free +% %% previewing. +% \begin{narrowversion} % really hyper +% (See \Qref[question]{}{Q-commercial} for details of these +% suppliers.) +% \end{narrowversion} +% %\typeout{after narrowversion, before wideversion} +% \begin{wideversion} +% (See \Qref{commercial suppliers}{Q-commercial} for details.) +% \end{wideversion} +% %\typeout{after wideversion} +\item If you have the \PS{} fonts in Type~1 format, use + \ProgName{ps2pk} or \ProgName{gsftopk} (designed for use with the + \ProgName{ghostscript} fonts) to make \acro{PK} bitmap fonts which + your previewer will understand (a process similar to the way some + browsers fo the job `automatically') This can produce excellent results, + also suitable for printing with non-\PS{} devices. (Note: if you + purchased the fonts, it is advisable to check that their licence + permits you to convert them, for private use, in this way.) +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript} +\item[gsftopk]\CTANref{gsftopk} +\item[GSview]Browse \CTANref{gsview} +\item[gv]Browse \CTANref{gv} +\item[ps2pk]\CTANref{ps2pk} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-metrics]{\TeX{} font metric files for Type 1 fonts} + +Reputable font vendors such as Adobe supply metric files for each +font, in \acro{AFM} (Adobe Font Metric) form; these can be converted +to \acro{TFM} (\TeX{} Font Metric) form. Most modern distributions have +prebuilt metrics which will be more than enough for many people; but you may +need to do the conversion yourself if you have special needs or +acquire a new font. One important question is the \emph{encoding} of +(Latin character) fonts; while we all more or less agree about the +position of about 96 characters in fonts (the basic \acro{ASCII} set), the +rest of the (typically) 256 vary. The most obvious problems are with +floating accents and special characters such as the `pounds sterling' +sign. There are three ways of dealing with this: either you change the +\TeX{} macros which reference the characters (not much fun, and +error-prone); or you change the encoding of the font (easier than you +might think); or you use \Qref*{virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts} to +\emph{pretend} to \TeX{} that the encoding is the same as it is used to. +\LaTeXe{} has facilities for dealing with fonts in different +encodings; read the \Qref*{\emph{\LaTeX{} Companion}}{Q-latex-books} for +more details. In practice, if you do much non-English (but Latin +script) typesetting, you are strongly recommended to use the +\Package{fontenc} package with option `\pkgoption{T1}' to select +\Qref*{`Cork'}{Q-ECfonts} encoding. + +An alternative favoured by some is \YandY{}'s ``private'' \acro{LY}1 encoding, +which is designed to sit well with ``Adobe standard'' encoded fonts. +Basic macro support of \acro{LY}1 is available: note that the +``relation with Adobe's encoding'' means that the \acro{LY}1 user +needs no virtual fonts. + +Alan Jeffrey's \ProgName{fontinst} package is an \acro{AFM} to +\acro{TFM} converter written in \TeX{}; it is used to generate the +files used by \LaTeXe{}'s \acro{PSNFSS} package to support use of +\PS{} fonts. It is a sophisticated package, not for the faint-hearted, +but is powerful enough to cope with most needs. Much of its power +relies on the use of \Qref*{virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts}. + +For slightly simpler problems, Rokicki's \ProgName{afm2tfm}, +distributed with \ProgName{dvips}, is fast and +efficient; note that the metrics and styles that come with +\ProgName{dvips} are \emph{not} currently \LaTeXe{} compatible. + +For the Macintosh (classic), there is a program called +\ProgName{EdMetrics} which does the job (and more). +\ProgName{EdMetrics} comes with the (commercial) +\Qref*{Textures}{Q-commercial} distribution, but is itself free +software, and is available on \acro{CTAN}. +%% \par +%% Windows users can buy \Qref*{\YandY{}'s}{Q-commercial} +%% Font Manipulation Tools package which includes a powerful +%% \ProgName{afmtotfm} program among many other goodies. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dvips]\CTANref{dvips} +\item[EdMetrics]\CTANref{edmetrics} +\item[fontinst]\CTANref{fontinst} +\item[LY1 support]\CTANref{ly1} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-psfontprob]{Deploying Type 1 fonts} + +For the \LaTeX{} user trying to use the +\Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont} package, three questions may arise. + +First, you have to declare to the \acro{DVI} driver that you are using +\PS{} fonts; in the case of \ProgName{dvips}, this means adding +lines to the \File{psfonts.map} file, so that \ProgName{dvips} will know +where the proper fonts are, and won't try to find \acro{PK} +files. If the font isn't built into the printer, you have to acquire +it (which may mean that you need to purchase the font files). + +Second, your previewer must know what to do with the fonts: see +\Qref[question]{previewing type 1 fonts}{Q-PSpreview}. + +Third, the stretch and shrink between words is a function of the +font metric; it is not specified in \acro{AFM} files, so different converters +choose different values. The \PS{} metrics that come with \acro{PSNFSS} +used to produce quite tight setting, but they were revised in mid 1995 +to produce a compromise between American and European practice. +Sophisticated users may not find even the new the values to their taste, and +want to override them. Even the casual user may find more +hyphenation or overfull boxes than Computer Modern produces; but \acro{CM} +is extremely generous. + +\Question[Q-psfchoice]{Choice of Type~1 fonts for typesetting Maths} + +If you are interested in text alone, you can in principle use any of +the huge numbers of text fonts in Adobe Type~1, TrueType or OpenType +formats. The constraint is, of course, that your previewer and +printer driver should support such fonts (\TeX{} itself \emph{only} +cares about metrics, not the actual character programs). + +If you also need mathematics, then you are severely limited by the +demands that \TeX{} makes of maths fonts (for details, see the papers +by +\begin{wideversion} +% !! line break !! + \href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-3/tb40horn.pdf}{B.K.P. Horn in \TUGboat{} 14(3)}, + or by % ! line break + \href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb19-2/tb59bouc.pdf}{Thierry Bouche in \TUGboat{} 19(2)}). +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + B.K.P. Horn in \TUGboat{} 14(3) or by Thierry Bouche in \TUGboat{} + 19(2), available as + \URL{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-3/tb40horn.pdf} or + \URL{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb19-2/tb59bouc.pdf}, respectively). +\end{narrowversion} +For mathematics, then, there are rather few choices (though the list is +at last growing). There are several font families available that are +based on Knuth's original designs, and some that complement other +commercial text font designs; one set (MicroPress's `informal math') +stands alone. ``Free'' font families that will support \TeX{} +mathematics include: +\begin{booklist} +\item[Computer Modern](75 fonts~--- optical scaling) Donald E. Knuth\\ + The \acro{CM} fonts were originally designed in \MF{}, but are also + now available in scalable outline form. There are commercial as + well as public domain versions, and there are both Adobe Type~1 and + TrueType versions. A set of outline versions of the fonts was + developed as a commercial venture by \YandY{} and Blue Sky Research; + they have since assigned the copyright to the \acro{AMS}, and the + fonts are now freely available from \acro{CTAN}. Their quality is + such that they have become the \emph{de facto} standard for Type~1 + versions of the fonts. + +\item[\acro{AMS} fonts](52 fonts, optical scaling) The \acro{AMS}\\ + This set of fonts offers adjuncts to the \acro{CM} set, including + two sets of symbol fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm}) and + Euler text fonts. + These are not a self-standing family, but merit discussion here (not + least because several other families mimic the symbol fonts). + Freely-available Type~1 versions of the fonts are available on + \acro{CTAN}. The \Package{eulervm} package permits use + of the Euler maths alphabet in conjunction with text fonts that do + not provide maths alphabets of their own (for instance, Adobe + Palatino or Minion). + +\item[Mathpazo version 1.003](5 fonts) Diego Puga\\ + The Pazo Math fonts are a family of type~1 fonts suitable for + typesetting maths in combination with the Palatino family of text + fonts. Four of the five fonts of the distribution are maths + alphabets, in upright and italic shapes, medium and bold weights; + the fifth font contains a small selection of ``blackboard bold'' + characters (chosen for their mathematical significance). Support + under \LaTeXe{} is available in + \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont}; the fonts are + licensed under the \acro{GPL}, with legalese permitting the use of + the fonts in published documents. + +\item[Fourier/Utopia](15 fonts) Michel Bovani\\ + \FontName{Fourier} is a family built on Adobe \FontName{Utopia} + (which has been released for usage free of charge by Adobe). The + fonts provide the basic Computer Modern set of mathematical symbols, + and add many of the \acro{AMS} mathematical symbols (though you are + expected to use some from the \acro{AMS} fonts themselves). There + are also several other mathematical and decorative symbols. The + fonts come with a \Package{fourier} package for use with \LaTeX{}; + text support of \acro{OT}1 encoding is not provided~--- you are + expected to use \acro{T}1. + + For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/utopia/} + +\item[Fourier/New Century Schoolbook]Michael Zedler\\ + \FontName{Fouriernc} is a configuration using the Fourier fonts in + the context of New Century Schoolbook text fonts. + + For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/newcent/} + +\item[KP-fonts]The Johannes Kepler project\\ + The \FontName{kp-fonts} family provides a comprehensive set of text + and maths fonts. The set includes replacement fixed-width and sans + fonts (though some reports have suggested that these are less + successful, and their use may be suppressed when loading the fonts' + \Package{kpfonts} \LaTeX{} support package). + + For an example, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/kpserif/} + +\item[MathDesign](3 free families, 3 commercial-based + families\dots{}so far) Paul Pichaureau\\ + This set so far offers mathematics fonts to match the free fonts + Adobe Utopia, URW Garamond and Bitstream Charter (the text versions + of all of which are separately available, on \acro{CTAN}, in Type~1 + format), and Adobe Garamond Pro, Adobe UtopiaStd and ITC Charter + (which are commercial fonts, all available for purchase on the web). + There has been a little comment on these fonts, but none + from actual users posted to the public forums. Users, particularly + those who are willing to discuss their experiences, would obviously + be welcome. Browse the \acro{CTAN} directory and see which you + want: there is a wealth of documentation and examples. + + For samples of the free variants, see + \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/charter/} for URW Charter, + \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/garamond/} for URW Garamond and + \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/utopia-md/} for Adobe Utopia. + +\item[Belleek](3 fonts) Richard Kinch\\ + Belleek is the upshot of Kinch's thoughts on how \MF{} might be used + in the future: they were published simultaneously as \MF{} source, + as Type~1 fonts, and as TrueType fonts. The fonts act as ``drop-in'' + replacements for the basic MathTime set (as an example of ``what might + be done''). + + The paper outlining Kinch's thoughts, proceeding from considerations + of the `intellectual' superiority of \MF{} to evaluations of why its + adoption is so limited and what might be done about the problem, is + to be found at \URL{http://truetex.com/belleek.pdf} + +\item[MTPro2 Lite]Pubish or Perish (Michael Spivak)\\ + A (functional) subset of the MathTime Pro 2 font set, that is made + available, free, for general use. While it does not offer the full + power of the commercial product (see below), it is nevertheless a + desirable font set. + +\item[Mathptmx]Alan Jeffrey, Walter Schmidt and others.\\ + This set contains maths italic, symbol, extension, and roman virtual + fonts, built from Adobe Times, Symbol, Zapf Chancery, and the + Computer Modern fonts. The resulting mixture is not entirely + acceptable, but can pass in many circumstances. The real advantage + is that the mathptm fonts are (effectively) free, and the resulting + \PS{} files can be freely exchanged. Support under \LaTeXe{} + is available in \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont}. + + For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/times/} + +\item[Computer Modern Bright]Free scalable outline versions of these + fonts do exist; they are covered below together with their + commercial parallels. + +\item[URW Classico](4 fonts) LaTeX support by Bob Tennent\\ + These are clones of Zapf's Optima available from CTAN (for + non-commercial use only). Mathematics support can be provided by + using packages \Package{eulervm} or \Package{sansmath}. As a + sans-serif font family, Optima is especially suitable for + presentations. +\end{booklist} +The excellent \emph{font catalogue} keeps an % ! line break +\href{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/mathfonts.html}{up-to-date list} +which describes the fonts by giving names and short examples, only. +(At the time of writing~--- June 2008~--- the list has several that +are only scheduled for inclusion here. + +Another useful document is Stephen Hartke's ``Free maths font +survey'', which is available on \acro{CTAN} in both \acro{PDF} and +\acro{HTML} formats. The survey covers most of the fonts mentioned in +the font catalogue, but also mentions some (such as \Package{Belleek} +that the catalogue omits. + +Fonts capable of setting \TeX{} mathematics, that are available +commercially, include: +\begin{booklist} +\item[BA Math](13 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ + BA Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the elegant + and graphically perfect font design of John Baskerville. BA + Math comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting + (maths italic, math symbols and extensions) in normal and bold + weights. The family also includes all \acro{OT}1 and \acro{T}1 + encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts with most + useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 encoding. Macros for using the + fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{} are + provided. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details (including samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/bamath/bamain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} +\item[CH Math](15 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ + CH Math is a family of slab serif fonts, designed as a maths + companion for Bitstream Charter. (The distribution includes + four free Bitstream text fonts, in addition to the 15 hand-hinted + MicroPress fonts.) + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details (including samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/chmath/chmain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[Computer Modern Bright](62 fonts~--- optical scaling) Walter + Schmidt\\ + \acro{CM} Bright is a family of sans serif fonts, based on Knuth's + \acro{CM} fonts. It comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical + typesetting, including \acro{AMS} symbols, as well as text and text + symbol fonts of various shapes. The collection comes with its own + set of files for use with \LaTeX{}. The \acro{CM} Bright fonts are + supplied in Type~1 format by MicroPress, Inc. The + \Package{hfbright} bundle offers free Type~1 fonts for text using + the \acro{OT}1 encoding~--- the \Package{cm-super} fonts provide the + fonts in \acro{T}1 text encoding but don't support \acro{CM} bright + mathematics. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details of Micropress' offering (including samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/brmath/brmain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[Concrete Math](25 fonts~--- optical scaling) Ulrik Vieth\\ + The Concrete Math font set was derived from the Concrete Roman + typefaces designed by Knuth. The set provides a collection of math + italics, math symbol, and math extension fonts, and fonts of + \acro{AMS} symbols that fit with the Concrete set, so that Concrete + may be used as a complete replacement for Computer Modern. Since + Concrete is considerably darker than \acro{CM}, the family may + particularly attractive for use in low-resolution printing or in + applications such as posters or transparencies. Concrete Math + fonts, as well as Concrete Roman fonts, are supplied in Type 1 + format by MicroPress, Inc. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further information (including samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ccmath/ccmain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[HV Math](14 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ + HV Math is a family of sans serif fonts, inspired by the + Helvetica (\acro{TM}) typeface. HV Math comprises the fonts + necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols + and extensions) in normal and bold weights. The family also + includes all \acro{OT}1 and \acro{T}1 encoded text fonts of various + shapes, as well as fonts with most useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 + encoding. Macros for using the fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} + and current \LaTeX{} are provided. Bitmapped copies of the fonts + are available free, on \acro{CTAN}. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details (and samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/hvmath/hvmain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[Informal Math](7 outline fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ + Informal Math is a family of fanciful fonts loosely based on the + Adobe's Tekton (\acro{TM}) family, fonts which imitate handwritten + text. Informal Math comprises the fonts necessary for + mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols and extensions) + in normal weight, as well as \acro{OT}1 encoded text fonts in + upright and oblique shapes. Macros for using the fonts with + \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{} are provided. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details (including samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ifmath/ifmain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[Lucida Bright \emph{with} Lucida New Math](25 fonts) Chuck Bigelow and + Kris Holmes\\ + Lucida is a family of related fonts including seriffed, sans serif, + sans serif fixed width, calligraphic, blackletter, fax, Kris Holmes' + connected handwriting font, \emph{etc}; they're not as `spindly' as + Computer Modern, with a large x-height, and include a larger set of + maths symbols, operators, relations and delimiters than \acro{CM} + (over 800 instead of 384: among others, it also includes the + \acro{AMS} \FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm} symbol sets). `Lucida + Bright Expert' + (14 fonts) adds seriffed fixed width, another handwriting font, + smallcaps, bold maths, upright `maths italic', \emph{etc}., to the + set. Support under \LaTeX{} is available under the auspices of the + \acro{PSNFSS}, and pre-built metrics are also provided. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + \acro{TUG} has the right to distribute these fonts; the web site +\begin{narrowversion} + \href{http://tug.org/lucida/}{``Lucida and TUG''} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + ``\href{http://tug.org/lucida/}{Lucida and TUG}'' +\end{wideversion} + has details. + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[Adobe Lucida, LucidaSans \emph{and} LucidaMath](12 fonts)\\ + Lucida and LucidaMath are generally considered to be a bit heavy. + The three maths fonts contain only the glyphs in the \acro{CM} maths + italic, symbol, and extension fonts. Support for using LucidaMath + with \TeX{} is not very good; you will need to do some work + reencoding fonts \emph{etc}. (In some sense this set is the + ancestor of the LucidaBright plus LucidaNewMath font set, which are + not currently available.) + +\item[MathTime Pro2]Publish or Perish (Michael Spivak)\\ + This latest instance of the MathTime family covers all the weights + (medium, bold and heavy) and symbols of previous versions of + MathTime. In addition it has a much extended range of symbols, and + many typographic improvements that make for high-quality documents. + The fonts are supported under both \plaintex{} and \LaTeXe{}, and + are exclusively available for purchase from + \Qref*{Personal \TeX{} Inc}{Q-commercial}. + \par{} + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details and samples and fliers, see + \URL{http://www.pctex.com/mtpro2.html} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[Minion Pro and MnSymbol]Adobe, \LaTeX{} support and packaging by + Achim Blumensath \emph{et al}.\\ + \FontName{Minion Pro} derives from the widely-available commercial + OpenType font of the same name by Adobe; scripts are provided to + convert relevant parts of it to Adobe Type~1 format. The + \Package{MinionPro} package will set up text and maths support using + \FontName{Minion Pro}, but a separate (free) font set + \FontName{MnSymbol} greatly extends the symbol coverage. + +\item[PA Math] PA~Math is a family of serif fonts + loosely based on the Palatino (\acro{TM}) typeface. PA~Math + comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths + italics, maths, calligraphic and oldstyle symbols, and extensions) + in normal and bold weights. The family also includes all \acro{OT}1, + \acro{T}1 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts + with the most useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 encoding. Macros for + using the fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{} + are provided. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details (and samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/pamath/pamain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} + +\item[TM Math](14 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ + TM Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the Times + (\acro{TM}) typeface. TM Math comprises the fonts necessary for + mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols and extensions) + in normal and bold weights. The family also includes all \acro{OT}1 + and \acro{T}1 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts + with most useful glyphs of the \acro{TS}1 encoding. Macros for + using the fonts with \plaintex{}, \LaTeXo{} and current \LaTeX{} + are provided. Bitmapped copies of the fonts are available free, on + \acro{CTAN}. + + \nothtml{\bgroup\raggedwithindent} + For further details (and samples) see\\ + \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/tmmath/tmmain.htm} + \nothtml{\par\egroup} +\end{booklist} +Two other font sets should be mentioned, even though they don't +currently produce satisfactory output~--- their author is no longer +working on them, and several problems have been identified: +\begin{booklist} +\item[Pxfonts set version 1.0](26 fonts) by Young Ryu\\ + The \FontName{pxfonts} set consists of + \begin{itemize} + \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Palatino} + (or the \acro{URW} replacement used by \ProgName{ghostscript}) + with modified plus, equal and slash symbols; + \item maths alphabets using \FontName{Palatino}; + \item maths fonts of all symbols in the computer modern maths fonts + (\FontName{cmsy}, \FontName{cmmi}, \FontName{cmex} and the Greek + letters of \FontName{cmr}) + \item maths fonts of all symbols corresponding to the \acro{AMS} + fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm}); + \item additional maths fonts of various symbols. + \end{itemize} + The text fonts are available in \acro{OT}1, \acro{T}1 and \acro{LY}1 + encodings, and \acro{TS} encoded symbols are also available. The + sans serif and monospaced fonts supplied with the \FontName{txfonts} + set (see below) may be used with \FontName{pxfonts}; the + \FontName{txfonts} set should be installed whenever \FontName{pxfonts} + are. \LaTeX{}, \ProgName{dvips} and \PDFTeX{} support files are + included. + + The fonts are not perfect; the widths assigned to the characters in + the \extension{tfm} file are wrong for some glyphs; this can cause + sequences of characters to ``look wrong'', or in some cases even to + overlap. + + The fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}; use in published + documents is permitted. + +\item[Txfonts set version 3.1](42 fonts) by Young Ryu\\ + The \FontName{txfonts} set consists of + \begin{itemize} + \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Times} (or + the \acro{URW} + replacement used by \ProgName{ghostscript}) with modified plus, + equal and slash symbols; + \item matching sets of sans serif and monospace (`typewriter') + fonts (the sans serif set is based on \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Helvetica}); + \item maths alphabets using \FontName{Times}; + \item maths fonts of all symbols in the computer modern maths fonts + (\FontName{cmsy}, \FontName{cmmi}, \FontName{cmex} and the Greek letters of \FontName{cmr}) + \item maths fonts of all symbols corresponding to the \acro{AMS} + fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm}); + \item additional maths fonts of various symbols. + \end{itemize} + The text fonts are available in \acro{OT}1, \acro{T}1 and \acro{LY}1 + encodings, and \acro{TS} encoded symbols are also available. + + The fonts are not perfect; the widths assigned to the characters in + the \extension{tfm} file are wrong for some glyphs; this can cause + sequences of characters to ``look wrong'', or in some cases even to + overlap. + + The fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}; use in published + documents is permitted. + +\item[Txfontsb set version 1.00] by Young Ryu and Antonis Tsolomitis\\ + The \ProgName{txfontsb} bundles \ProgName{txfonts}, extended to + provide a Small Caps set, Old-Style numbers and Greek text (from the + GNU Freefont set). +\begin{flatversion} + Documentation + (\URL{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb.pdf}) +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb.pdf}{Documentation} +\end{hyperversion} + is available for this variant, too. + +\item[Newtx]by Michael Sharpe from Young Ryu's \ProgName{txfonts}\\ + This collection is derived from \ProgName{txfonts}; the maths fonts + metrics have been adjusted so that the output is less cramped than + when \ProgName{txfonts} is used; the appearance of the output is + much improved. Two packages are provided, \Package{newtxtext} for + using the associated text fonts, and \Package{newtxmath} for + mathematics. Options are provided to substitute + letters and symbols from the \FontName{Libertine} set, and from the + Garamond extension font \FontName{garamondx} (but note that + \FontName{garamondx}, which is an adaptation of \acro{URW} Garamond, + is not available via \texlive{}). +\end{booklist} +Finally, one must not forget: +\begin{booklist} +\item[Proprietary fonts]Various sources.\\ + Since having a high quality font set in scalable outline form that + works with \TeX{} can give a publisher a real competitive advantage, + there are some publishers that have paid (a lot) to have such font + sets made for them. Unfortunately, these sets are not available on + the open market, despite the likelihood that they're more complete + than those that are. +\end{booklist} +We observe a very limited selection of commercial maths font sets; a +Type~1 maths font has to be explicitly designed for use with \TeX{}, +which is an expensive business, and is of little appeal in other +markets. Furthermore, the \TeX{} market for commercial fonts is +minute by comparison with the huge sales of other font sets. + +Text fonts in Type~1 format are available from many vendors including +Adobe, Monotype and Bitstream. However, be careful with cheap font +``collections''; many of them dodge copyright restrictions by removing +(or crippling) parts of the font programs such as hinting. Such +behaviour is both unethical and bad for the consumer. +The fonts may not render well (or at all, under \acro{ATM}), may not have the +`standard' complement of 228 glyphs, or may not include metric files +(which you need to make \acro{TFM} files). + +\ttype{} was for a long time the ``native'' format for Windows, but +MicroSoft joined the development of the \otype{} specification, and +`modern' windows will work happily with fonts in either format. Some \TeX{} +implementations such as \Qref*{True\TeX{}}{Q-commercial} use TrueType +versions of Computer Modern and Times Maths fonts to render \TeX{} +documents in Windows without the need for additional system software like +\acro{ATM}. (When used on a system running Windows~XP or later, +True\TeX{} can also use Adobe Type~1 fonts.) + +When choosing fonts, your own system environment may not be the only one of +interest. If you will be sending your finished documents to others for +further use, you should consider whether a given font format will introduce +compatibility problems. Publishers may require TrueType exclusively because +their systems are Windows-based, or Type~1 exclusively, because their systems +are based on the early popularity of that format in the publishing industry. +Many service bureaus don't care as long as you present them with a finished +print file (\PS{} or \acro{PDF}) for their output device. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}CM family collection]% + Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}AMS font collection]% + Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[Belleek \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]% + \CTANref{belleek} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont} URW Classico fonts]\CTANref{classico} +\item[CM-super \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{cm-super} +\item[eulervm.sty \nothtml{\normalfont}and supporting metrics]% + \CTANref{eulervm} +\item[fourier \nothtml{\normalfont}(including metrics and other support for \nothtml{\itshape}utopia]% + \CTANref{fourier} +\item[fouriernc]\CTANref{fouriernc} +\item[garamondx]\CTANref{garamondx} +\item[hfbright \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{hfbright} +\item[hvmath \nothtml{\normalfont\itshape}(free bitmapped version)]% + \CTANref{hvmath} +\item[kpfonts \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{kpfonts} +\item[Libertine \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{libertine} +\item[Lucida Bright/Math metrics]\CTANref{lucida} +\item[Lucida PSNFSS support]\CTANref{lucida-psnfss} +\item[MathDesign \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{mathdesign} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}Maths Font Survey]\CTANref{mathsurvey.pdf} + (\acro{PDF}) or \CTANref{mathsurvey.html} (\acro{HTML}) +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}MathTime Pro 2 Lite]\CTANref{mtp2lite} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}Minion Pro support]\CTANref{minionpro} +\item[MnSymbol \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{mnsymbol} +\item[Newtx \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]\CTANref{newtx} +\item[pxfonts]\CTANref{pxfonts} +\item[sansmath.sty]\CTANref{sansmath} +\item[tmmath \nothtml{\normalfont\itshape}(free bitmapped version)]% + \CTANref{tmmath} +\item[txfonts]\CTANref{txfonts} +\item[utopia \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]\CTANref{utopia} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-24} + +\Question[Q-charshift]{Weird characters in \ProgName{dvips} output} +\keywords{fi ligature pound pounds sterling elephants} + +You've innocently generated output, using \ProgName{dvips}, and there +are weird transpositions in it: for example, the \texttt{fi} ligature has +appeared as a \textsterling{} symbol. +This is an unwanted side-effect of the precautions +outlined in \Qref*{generating \PS{} for PDF}{Q-dvips-pdf}. +The \texttt{-G1} switch discussed in that question is appropriate for +Knuth's text fonts, but doesn't work with text fonts that don't follow +Knuth's patterns (such as fonts supplied by Adobe). + +If the problem arises, suppress the \texttt{-G1} switch: if you were using it +explicitly, \emph{don't}; if you were using \texttt{-Ppdf}, add \texttt{-G0} to +suppress the implicit switch in the pseudo-printer file. + +The problem has been corrected in \ProgName{dvips} v~5.90 (and later +versions); it is unlikely ever to recur\dots{} +\LastEdit{2012-10-24} + +\subsection{Macros for using fonts} + +\Question[Q-fonts-pln]{Using non-standard fonts in \plaintex{}} + +\plaintex{} (in accordance with its description) doesn't do anything +fancy with fonts: it sets up the fonts that Knuth found he needed when +writing the package, and leaves you to do the rest. + +To use something other than Knuth's default, you can use Knuth's +mechanism, the \csx{font} primitive: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\font\foo=nonstdfont +... +\foo +Text set using nonstdfont ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The name you use (\texttt{nonstdfont}, above) is the name of the +\extension{tfm} file for the font you want. + +If you want to use an italic version of \csx{foo}, you need to use +\csx{font} again: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\font\fooi=nonstdfont-italic +... +\fooi +Text set using nonstdfont italic... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This is all very elementary stuff, and serves for simple use of fonts. +However, there are wrinkles, the most important of which is the matter +of \Qref*{font encodings}{Q-whatenc}. One almost never sees new fonts +that use Knuth's eccentric font encodings~--- but those encodings are +built into \plaintex{}, so that some macros of \plaintex{} need to be +changed to use the fonts. \LaTeX{} gets around all these problems by +using a ``font selection scheme''~--- this `\acro{NFSS}' (`\acro{N}' +for `new', as opposed to what \LaTeXo{} had) carries around with it +separate information about the fonts you use, so the changes to +encoding-specific commands happen automagically. + +If you only want to use the \Qref*{\acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts}, you +can in principle use the \Package{ec-plain} bundle, which gives you a version +of \plaintex{} which you can run in the same way that you run +\plaintex{} using the original \acro{CM} fonts, by invoking +\ProgName{tex}. (\Package{Ec-plain} also extends the \acro{EC} fonts, +for reasons which aren't immediately clear, but which might cause +problems if you're hoping to use Type 1 versions of the fonts.) + +The \Package{font_selection} package provides a sort of halfway house: +it provides font face and size, but not family selection. This gives +you considerable freedom, but leaves you stuck with the original +\acro{CM} fonts. It's a compact solution, within its restrictions. + +Other \plaintex{} approaches to the problem (packages +\Package{plnfss}, \Package{fontch} and \Package{ofs}) break out of the +\plaintex{} model, towards the sort of font selection provided by +\CONTeXT{} and \LaTeX{}~--- font selection that allows you to change +family, as well as size and face. The remaining packages all make +provision for using encodings other than Knuth's \acro{OT}1. + +\Package{Plnfss} has a rather basic set of font family details; +however, it is capable of using font description (\extension{fd}) files +created for \LaTeX{}. (This is useful, since most modern mechanisms +for integrating outline fonts with \TeX{} generate \extension{fd} files +in their process.) + +\Package{Fontch} has special provision for \acro{T}1 and \acro{TS}1 +encodings, which you select by arcane commands, such as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\LMTone\relax +\input fontch.tex +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +for \acro{T}1. + +\Package{Ofs} seems to be the most thoroughly thought-through of the +alternatives, and can select more than one encoding: as well as +\acro{T}1 it covers the encoding \acro{IL}2, which is favoured in the +Czech Republic and Slovakia. \Package{Ofs} also covers mathematical fonts, +allowing you the dubious pleasure of using fonts such as the % ! line break +\Qref*{\FontName{pxfonts} and \FontName{txfonts}}{Q-psfchoice}. + +The \Package{pdcmac} \plaintex{} macro package aims to be a complete +document preparation environment, like \Qref*{\Eplain{}}{Q-eplain}. One +of its components is a font selection scheme, \Package{pdcfsel}, which +is rather simple but adequately powerful for many uses. The package +doesn't preload fonts: the user is required to declare the fonts the +document is going to use, and the package provides commands to select +fonts as they're needed. The distribution includes a configuration to +use Adobe `standard' fonts for typesetting text. (\Eplain{} itself +seems not to offer a font selection scheme.) + +The \Package{font-change} collection takes a rather different +approach~--- it supplies what are (in effect) a series of templates +that may be included in a document to change font usage. The +package's documentation shows the effect rather well. + +Simply to change font \emph{size} in a document (i.e., not changing +the default font itself), may be done using the rather straightforward +\Package{varisize}, which offers font sizes ranging from 7~points to +20~points (nominal sizes, all). Font size commands are generated when +any of the package files is loaded, so the \File{11pt.tex} defines a +command \csx{elevenpoint}; each of the files ensures there's a ``way +back'', by defining a \csx{tenpoint} command. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ec-plain]\CTANref{ec-plain} +\item[font-change]\CTANref{font-change} +\item[fontch]\CTANref{fontch} +\item[font_selection]\CTANref{font_selection} +\item[ofs]\CTANref{ofs} +\item[pdcmac]\CTANref{pdcmac} +\item[plnfss]\CTANref{plnfss} +\item[varisize]\CTANref{varisize} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Particular font families} + +\Question[Q-concrete]{Using the ``Concrete'' fonts} + +The Concrete Roman fonts were designed by Don Knuth for a book called +``Concrete Mathematics'', which he wrote with Graham and Patashnik +(\emph{the} Patashnik, of \BibTeX{} fame). Knuth +only designed text fonts, since the book used the Euler fonts for +mathematics. The book was typeset using \plaintex{}, of course, with +additional macros that may be viewed in a file \File{gkpmac.tex}, +which is available on \acro{CTAN}. + +The packages \Package{beton}, \Package{concmath}, and +\Package{ccfonts} are \LaTeX{} packages that change the default text +fonts from Computer Modern to Concrete. Packages \Package{beton} and +\Package{ccfonts} also slightly increase the default value of +\csx{baselineskip} to account for the rather heavier weight of the +Concrete fonts. If you wish to use the \FontName{Euler} fonts for +mathematics, as Knuth did, there's the \Package{euler} package which +has been developed from Knuth's own \plaintex{}-based set: these +macros are currently deprecated (they clash with many things, including +\AMSLaTeX{}). The independently-developed \Package{eulervm} +bundle is therefore preferred to the \Package{euler} package. (Note +that installing the \Package{eulervm} bundle involves installing a +series of virtual fonts. While most modern distributions seem to have +the requisite files installed by default, you may find you have to +install them. If so, see the file \File{readme} in the +\Package{eulervm} distribution.) + +A few years after Knuth's original design, Ulrik Vieth +designed the Concrete Math fonts. Packages +\Package{concmath}, and \Package{ccfonts} also change the default math +fonts from Computer Modern to Concrete and use the Concrete versions +of the \acro{AMS} fonts (this last behaviour is optional in the case +of the \Package{concmath} package). + +There are no bold Concrete fonts, but it is generally accepted that +the Computer Modern Sans Serif demibold condensed fonts are an +adequate substitute. If you are using \Package{concmath} or +\Package{ccfonts} and you want to follow this suggestion, then use the +package with \pkgoption{boldsans} class option (in spite of the fact +that the \Package{concmath} documentation calls it +\pkgoption{sansbold} class option). If you are using \Package{beton}, +add +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{renewcommand}{\csx{bfdefault}}{sbc} +\end{quote} +to the preamble of your document. + +Type~1 versions of the fonts are available. For \acro{OT}1 encoding, +they are available from \Qref*{MicroPress}{Q-psfchoice}. The +\Qref*{CM-Super fonts}{Q-textrace} contain Type~1 versions +of the Concrete fonts in \acro{T}1 encoding. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[beton.sty]\CTANref{beton} +\item[ccfonts.sty]\CTANref{ccfonts} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM-Super fonts]\CTANref{cm-super} +\item[concmath.sty]\CTANref{concmath} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Concmath fonts]\CTANref{concmath-f} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Concrete fonts]\CTANref{concrete} +\item[euler.sty]\CTANref{euler-latex} +\item[eulervm \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{eulervm} +\item[gkpmac.tex]\CTANref{gkpmac} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-uselmfonts]{Using the Latin Modern fonts} + +The \Package{lm} fonts are an exciting addition to +the armoury of the \AllTeX{} user: high quality outlines of fonts that +were until recently difficult to obtain, all in a free and +relatively compact package. However, the spartan information file +that comes with the fonts remarks ``It is presumed that a potential +user knows what to do with all these files''. This answer aims to +fill in the requirements: the job is really not terribly difficult. + +Note that te\TeX{} distributions, from version~3.0, already have the +\Package{lm} fonts: all you need do is use them. The fonts may also +be installed via the package manager, in a current \miktex{} system. +The remainder of this answer, then, is for people who don't use such +systems. + +The font (and related) files appear on \acro{CTAN} as a set of +single-entry \Qref*{\acro{TDS} trees}{Q-tds}~--- +\File{fonts}, \File{dvips}, \File{tex} and \File{doc}. The \File{doc} +subtree really need not be copied (it's really a pair of sample +files), but copy the other three into your existing Local +\texttt{\$TEXMF} tree, and +% beware line break +\Qref*{update the filename database}{Q-inst-wlcf}. + +Now, incorporate the fonts in the set searched by \PDFLaTeX{}, +\ProgName{dvips}, \ProgName{dvipdfm}/\ProgName{dvipdfmx}, your +previewers and Type~1-to-\acro{PK} conversion programs, by +\begin{itemize} +\item On a te\TeX{} system earlier than version~2.0, edit the file + \File{$TEXMF/dvips/config/updmap} %$ + and insert an absolute path for the \File{lm.map} just after the + line that starts \texttt{extra\_modules="} (and before the closing + quotes). +\item On a te\TeX{} version~2.0 (or later), execute the command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +updmap --enable Map lm.map +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\item On a \miktex{} system earlier than version~2.2, the ``Refresh + filename database'' operation, which you performed after installing + files, also updates the system's ``\PS{} resources database''. +\item On a \miktex{} system, version~2.2 or later, update + \File{updmap.cfg} as described in the \miktex{} % beware line break + \href{http://docs.miktex.org/manual/psfonts.html#chgupdmapcfg}{online documentation}. + Then execute the command \texttt{initexmf -\relax-mkmaps}, and the + job is done. +\end{itemize} + +To use the fonts in a \LaTeX{} document, you should +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{lmodern} +\end{quote} +this will make the fonts the default +for all three \LaTeX{} font families (``roman'', ``sans-serif'' and +``typewriter''). You also need +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc} +\end{quote} +for text, and +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{textcomp} +\end{quote} +if you want to use any of the \acro{TS}1-encoding symbols. There is +no support for using fonts according to the \acro{OT}1 encoding. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{\MF{} fonts} + +\Question[Q-useMF]{Getting \MF{} to do what you want} + +\MF{} allows you to create your own fonts, and most \TeX{} users +will never need to use it~--- modern \AllTeX{} systems contain +rather few \MF{} fonts of any significance, and when \MF{} output is +needed the font generation is done, automatically, ``on the fly''. + +If you find you have some special requirement that the system doesn't +satisfy, you need to know about \MF{} in rather more detail. \MF{}, +unlike \TeX{}, requires customisation for each output device: such +customisation is conventionally held in a ``mode'' associated with the +device. Modes are commonly defined using the \texttt{mode\_def} +convention described on page~94 of \emph{The \MF{}book} % ! line break +(see \Qref[question]{\TeX{}-related books}{Q-other-books}). Your +distribution should provide +a file, conventionally called \File{local.mf}, containing all the +\texttt{mode\_def}s you will be using. In the unlikely event that +\File{local.mf} doesn't already exist, Karl Berry's collection of +modes (\File{modes.mf}) is a good starting point +(it can be used as a `\File{local.mf}' without modification in a +modern implementation of \MF{}). +Settings for new output devices are added to \File{modes.mf} as they +become available. + +Now create +a \texttt{plain} base file using \ProgName{mf} (in ``initialisation'' +mode), \texttt{plain.mf}, and \texttt{local.mf}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +% mf -ini +This is METAFONT... +**plain # you type plain +(output) +*input local # you type this +(output) +*dump # you type this +Beginning to dump on file plain... +(output) +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This will create a base file named \File{plain.base} (or something +similar; for example, it will be \File{PLAIN.BAS} on \MSDOS{} +systems). Move the file to the directory containing the base files on +your system, and run \ProgName{texhash} as necessary. + +Now you need to make sure \MF{} loads this new base when it starts up. If +\MF{} loads the \texttt{plain} base by default on your system, then you're +ready to go. Under Unix (using the default \texlive{} (and earlier) +distributions this does indeed happen, but we could for instance +define a command \ProgName{plainmf}% +\begin{footnoteenv} + On the grounds that a command \ProgName{plain} could be misconstrued + as a reference to \plaintex{} +\end{footnoteenv} +which executes `\texttt{mf -base=plain}' (or, in more traditional +style `\texttt{mf \&plain}') which loads the \texttt{plain} base +file. + +The usual way to create a font with \MF{} (with an appropriate base +file loaded) is to start \MF{}'s input with the +\begin{narrowversion} + lines + \begin{quote} + \csx{mode}\texttt{=<mode name>;}\\ + \texttt{mag=<magnification>;}\\ + \texttt{input <font file name>} + \end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +line +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\mode=<mode name>; mag=<magnification>; input <font file name> +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +in response to the `\texttt{**}' prompt or on the \MF{} command line. (If +\texttt{<mode name>} is unknown or omitted, the mode defaults to +`proof' mode and \MF{} will produce an output file called % ! line break +\File{<font file name>.2602gf}) +The \texttt{<magnification>} is a floating point number or a +`magstep' (magsteps define sizes by stating how many times you need to +multiply a base size by \texttt{1.2}, so for a base size of +\texttt{10}, \texttt{magstep 1} is \texttt{12}, \texttt{magstep 2} is +\texttt{14.4} +If \texttt{mag=<magnification>} is omitted, then the default +is \texttt{1}~(\texttt{magstep 0}). For example, to generate +\FontName{cmr10} at \texttt{12pt} for an Epson, +printer you might type +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +mf \mode=epson; mag=magstep 1; input cmr10 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that under Unix the \texttt{\textbackslash } and \texttt{;} +characters must usually be quoted or escaped, so this would typically +look something like +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} + mf '\mode=epson; mag=magstep 1; input cmr10' +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +If you need a special mode that isn't in the base, you can put its +commands in a file (\emph{e.g.}, \File{ln03.mf}) and invoke it on the +fly with the \csx{smode} command. For example, to create +\File{cmr10.300gf} for an \acro{LN}03 printer, using the file +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +% This is ln03.mf as of 1990/02/27 +% mode_def courtesy of John Sauter +proofing:=0; +fontmaking:=1; +tracingtitles:=0; +pixels_per_inch:=300; +blacker:=0.65; +fillin:=-0.1; +o_correction:=.5; +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(note the absence of the \texttt{mode\_def} and \texttt{enddef} +commands), you would type +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +mf \smode="ln03"; input cmr10 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This technique isn't one you should regularly use, but it may +prove useful if you acquire a new printer and want to experiment with +parameters, or for some other reason are regularly editing the +parameters you're using. Once you've settled on an appropriate set of +parameters, you should use them to rebuild the base file that you use. + +Other sources of help are discussed in our list of % ! line break +\Qref*{\MF{} and \MP{} Tutorials}{Q-mfptutorials}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[modes.mf]\CTANref{modes-file} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-09-04} + +\Question[Q-keepfonts]{Which font files should be kept} + +\MF{} produces from its run three files, a metrics (\acro{TFM}) file, a +generic font (\acro{GF}) file, and a log file; all of these files have the +same base name as does the input (\emph{e.g.}, if the input file was +\File{cmr10.mf}, the outputs will be \File{cmr10.tfm}, +\File{cmr10.nnngf} (the file name may be mangled if you are using an +operating system which doesn't permit long file names) +and \File{cmr10.log}). + +For \TeX{} to use the font, you need a \acro{TFM} file, so you need +to keep that. However, you are likely to generate the same font +at more than one magnification, and each time you do so you'll +(incidentally) generate another \acro{TFM} file; these files are +all the same, so you only need to keep one of them. + +To preview or to produce printed output, the \acro{DVI} processor will need a +font raster file; this is what the \acro{GF} file provides. However, while +there used (once upon a time) to be \acro{DVI} processors that could use +\acro{GF} files, modern processors use +packed raster (\acro{PK}) files (incidentally, \pdftex{} also uses +\acro{PK} files if nothing ``better'' is available, but +see \Qref[]{fuzzy fonts in \acro{PDF}}{Q-fuzzy-type3}). +Therefore, you need to generate a \acro{PK} file from the \acro{GF} file; the +program \ProgName{gftopk} does this for you, and once you've done that you +may throw the \acro{GF} file away. + +The log file should never be needed again, unless there was some sort +of problem in the \MF{} run, and need not therefore be kept. +\LastEdit{2011-09-04} + +\Question[Q-getbitmap]{Acquiring bitmap fonts} + +When \acro{CTAN} was young, most people would start using \TeX{} +with a 300 dots-per-inch (dpi) laser printer, and sets of Computer +Modern bitmap fonts for this resolution are available on \acro{CTAN}. +(There are separate sets for write-black and write-white printers, as +well as sets at 120~dpi and 240~dpi.) + +There used to regular requests that \acro{CTAN} should hold +a wider range of resolutions, but they were resisted for two reasons: +\begin{itemize} +\item The need to decide which printers to generate fonts for. The + broad-brush approach taken for 300~dpi printers was (more or less) + justified back then, given the dominance of certain printer + `engines', but nowadays one could not make any such assumption. +\item Given the above, it has been near-impossible to justify the + space that would be required by a huge array of bitmap fonts. +\end{itemize} +Fortunately, \AllTeX{} distribution technology has put a stop to these +arguments: most (if not all) current distributions generate bitmap +fonts as needed, and cache them for later re-use. The impatient +user, who is determined that all bitmap fonts should be created once +and for all, may be supported by scripts such as \ProgName{allcm} +(distributed with \texlive{}, at least; otherwise such a +person should consult ``\Qref*{the use of \MF{}}{Q-useMF})''. + +If your output is to a \PS{}-capable device, or if your output is +destined to be converted to \acro{PDF}, you should switch to +using Type~1 versions of the \acro{CM} fonts. Two free +sets are available; the older (\Package{bakoma}) is +somewhat less well produced than the \Package{bluesky} fonts, which were +originally professionally produced and sold, but were then released +for general public use by their originators \YandY{} and Bluesky Research, +in association with the \acro{AMS} and other scientific publishers +(they are nowadays available under the SIL's Open Fonts Licence). The +two sets contain slightly different ranges of fonts, but you are +advised to use the \Package{bluesky} set except when \Package{bakoma} +is for some reason absolutely unavoidable. In recent years, several +other `\MF{}' fonts have been converted to Type~1 format; it's +uncommon ever to need to generate bitmap fonts for any purpose other +than previewing~--- see % ! line wrap +\Qref*{``previewing documents with Type~1 fonts''}{Q-PSpreview}~--- +if even then. + +More modern fonts may be used in place of the Computer Modern set. The +\Qref*{\acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts} and the % ! line break +\Qref*{Latin Modern fonts}{Q-uselmfonts} are both close relatives with +wider ranges of glyphs to offer. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}BaKoMa fonts]\CTANref{bakoma} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Bluesky fonts]Distributed as part of + \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM fonts (write-black printers)]\CTANref{pk300} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM fonts (write-white printers)]\CTANref{pk300w} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}EC fonts (Type 1 format)]\CTANref{cm-super} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-09-4} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-getit.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-getit.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f07eef697a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-getit.tex @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ +% $Id: faq-getit.tex,v 1.10 2012/03/31 09:22:17 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Acquiring the Software} + +\Question[Q-archives]{Repositories of \TeX{} material} + +To aid the archiving and retrieval of of \TeX{}-related files, a +\acro{TUG} working group developed the Comprehensive \TeX{} Archive +Network (\acro{CTAN}). Each \acro{CTAN} site has identical material, +and maintains authoritative versions of its material. These +collections are extensive; in particular, almost everything mentioned +in this \acro{FAQ} +is archived at the \acro{CTAN} sites (see the lists of software at the +end of each answer). + +There are two main \acro{CTAN} sites (in Germany and the \acro{UK}), +but users should ordinarily collect material via the % ! line break +\href{http://mirror.ctan.org/}{\acro{CTAN} mirror redirector} +(which connects you to a mirror that is in some sense ``near'' to +you). + +To access a particular thing through the \texttt{mirror.ctan.org} +mechanism, simply place the \acro{CTAN} path after the base +\acro{URL}; so +\URL{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/footmisc/} will +connect you to the \Package{footmisc} directory at some \acro{CTAN} +mirror. + +For details of how to find files at \acro{CTAN} sites, see +``\Qref*{finding \AllTeX{} files}{Q-findfiles}''. + +The \TeX{} user who has no access to any sort of +network may buy a copy of the archive as part of the +\Qref*{\texlive{} distribution}{Q-CD}; the disc is, necessarily, out +of date, but it is likely to be better than what (if anything) came +with your operating system. +\LastEdit{2012-12-14} + +\Question[Q-tds-zip]{Ready-built installation files on the archive} + +The \Qref*{\acro{TDS}}{Q-tds} is a simple structure, and almost all +files can be installed simply by putting them in the ``right'' place, +and updating a single index. (Note, this simple idea typically +doesn't work for fonts, unless they're distributed as \MF{} source.) + +The CTAN network is therefore acquiring ``\acro{TDS}-\acro{ZIP}'' files, +which have a built-in directory structure that matches the \acro{TDS}. +These files have to be built, and the \acro{CTAN} team has asked that +package authors supply them (the team will advise, of course, if the +author has trouble). The \acro{CTAN} team hopes that the extra work +involved will contribute to happier lives for package users, which in +turn must surely help keep the TeX community lively and active. + +At the time of writing, there are rather few \extension{tds.zip} +files (by comparison with the huge number of packages that are +available). As packages are updated, the number of files is +steadily increasing, but it will be a long time before the whole set +is covered. + +Use of the files is discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{installing using ready-built \acro{ZIP} files}{Q-inst-tds-zip}''. + +\Question[Q-nonfree]{What was the \acro{CTAN} \texttt{nonfree} tree?} + +When \acro{CTAN} was founded, in the 1990s, it was unusual to publish +the terms under which a \TeX{}-related package was distributed (or, at +any rate, to publish those terms formally). + +With the advent of the \TeX{} \emph{distributions}, however, people +started to realise the need for such information, to protect those who +create, distribute or sell the discs that hold the packages, etc. +With the licence information available, the distributors can decide +which packages may be distributed. + +The \acro{CTAN} team decided that it would be useful for users (and +distributors, not to say package authors) to separate packages that +were candidates for distribution, and those that were in some sense +``not free''. Thus was the \texttt{nonfree} tree born. + +From the start, the \texttt{nonfree} tree was controversial: the terms +under which a package would be placed on the tree were hotly +contested, and the \acro{CTAN} team were only able slowly to populate +the tree. It became obvious to the team that the project would never +have been completed. + +The \acro{CTAN} catalogue now records the nature of the licences of a +good proportion of the packages it describes (though there remain +several for which the licence is unknown, which is as good, for the +distributors, as a licence forbidding distribution). Since the +catalogue's coverage of \acro{CTAN} is good (and slowly improving), +the general rule for distributors has become +\begin{quote} +``if the package is listed in the catalogue, check there to see +whether you should distribute; if the package is not listed in the +catalogue, don't think of distributing it''. +\end{quote} +(The catalogue only has a modest % ! line break +\CTANhref{cat-licences}{list of licences}, but it covers the set used +by packages on \acro{CTAN}, with a wild-card ``\texttt{other-free}'' +which covers packages that the \acro{CTAN} administrators believe to +be free even though the authors haven't used a standard licence.) + +There is a corollary to the `general rule': if you notice something +that ought to be in the distributions, for which there is no catalogue +entry, please let the \acro{CTAN} team (\mailto{ctan@dante.de}) know. +It may well be that the package has simply been missed, but some aren't +catalogued because there's no documentation and the team just doesn't +understand the package. + +In the light of the above, the \texttt{nonfree} tree is being +dismantled, and its contents moved (or moved \emph{back}) to the main +\acro{CTAN} tree. So the answer to the question is, now, ``the +nonfree tree was a part of \acro{CTAN}, whose contents are now in +the main tree''. + +\Question[Q-uploads]{Contributing a file to the archives} + +You have something to submit to the archive~--- good news! + +Before we even start, here's a check-list of things to sort out: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Licence: in the spirit of \TeX{}, we hope for free software; in + the spirit of today's lawyer-enthralled society, \acro{CTAN} + provides a % ! line break + \href{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/licenses.html}{list of ``standard'' licence statements}. + Make sure that there's a formal statement of the licence of your + package, somewhere in the files you upload; beyond the \acro{CTAN} + installation, your package is a candidate for inclusion in \AllTeX{} + distributions~\dots{} and thereafter, also in operating system + distributions~\dots{} and the people who bundle all these things up + need a clear statement of your intent. +\item Documentation: it's good for users to be able to browse + documentation before downloading a package. You need at least a + plain text \File{README} file (exactly that name, upper case and no + \extension{txt} extension); in addition a + \acro{PDF} file of the package documentation, prepared for screen + reading, is highly desirable. +\item Name: endless confusion is caused by name clashes. If your + package has the same name as one already on \acro{CTAN}, or if your + package installation generates files of the same name as something + in a ``normal'' distribution, the \acro{CTAN} team will delay + installation while they check that you're doing the right thing: + they may nag you to change the name, or to negotiate a take-over + with the author of the original package. % beware line break + \Qref*{Browse the archive}{Q-findfiles} to ensure uniqueness. + + The name you choose should also (as far as possible) be somewhat + descriptive of what your submission actually \emph{does}; while + ``descriptiveness'' is to some extent in the eye of the beholder, + it's clear that names such as \File{mypackage} or \File{jiffy} + aren't suitable. +\end{enumerate} +You upload via the +\begin{flatversion} + CTAN upload redirector: \URL{http://www.ctan.org/upload} +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{http://www.ctan.org/upload}{CTAN upload redirector} +\end{hyperversion} +(the archive's main page has a link). The upload page shows what it +needs to know, and allows you to enter the information. The mechanism +can only accept one file per upload: if you had intended to upload +lots of files, you need to bundle them into an `archive' file of some +sort; acceptable formats are \extension{zip} and \extension{tar.gz} +(most uploads are packed in \extension{zip} format). Once you have +completed your upload, the redirector assigns it to a member of the +team for processing. + +If you can't use this method, or if you find something confusing, ask +advice of the +\begin{flatversion} + \acro{CTAN} management team (\mailto{ctan@dante.de}). +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{mailto:ctan@dante.de}{\acro{CTAN} management team} +\end{hyperversion} + +If your package is large, or regularly updated, it may be appropriate +to `mirror' your contribution direct into \acro{CTAN}. +Mirroring is only practical using \texttt{ftp} or \texttt{rsync}, so +this facility is limited to packages offered by a server that uses one +of those protocols. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[README.uploads]\CTANref{CTAN-uploads} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-01-31} + +\Question[Q-findfiles]{Finding \AllTeX{} files} + +Modern \TeX{} distributions contain a huge array of various sorts of +files, but sooner or later most people need to find something that's +not in their present system (if nothing else, because they've heard +that something has been updated). + +But how to find the files? + +Modern distributions (\texlive{} and \miktex{}, at least) provide the +means to update your system ``over the net''. This is the minimum +effort route to getting a new file: `simply' find which of the +distributions `packages' holds the file in question, and ask the +distribution to update it. The mechanisms are different (the two +distributions exhibit the signs of evolutionary divergence in their +different niches), but neither is difficult~--- see % ! line break +``\Qref*{using \miktex{} for installing}{Q-inst-miktex*}'' and % ! line break +``\Qref*{using \texlive{} for installing}{Q-inst-texlive}''. + +There are packages, though, that aren't in the distribution you use +(or for which the distribution hasn't yet been updated to offer the +version you need). + +Some sources, such as these \acro{FAQ} answers, provide links to +files: so if you've learnt about a package here, you should be able to +retrieve it without too much fuss. + +Otherwise, the \acro{CTAN} sites provide searching facilities, via the +web: at Dante with \URL{http://dante.ctan.org/search.html}, at +Cambridge with \URL{http://www.tex.ac.uk/search.html}. + +Two search mechanisms are offered: the simpler search, locating files +by name, simply scans a list of files (\File{FILES.byname}~--- see +below) and returns a list of matches, arranged neatly as a series of +links to directories and to individual files. + +The more sophisticated search looks at the contents of each catalogue +entry, and returns a list of catalogue entries that mention the +keywords you ask for. + +An alternative way to scan the catalogue is to use the catalogue's +% ! line break +\href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html}{``by topic'' index}; +this lists a series of topics, and \AllTeX{} projects that are worth +considering if you're working on matters related to the topic. + +In fact, \ProgName{Google}, and other search engines, can be useful +tools. Enter your search keywords, and you may pick up a package that +the author hasn't bothered to submit to \acro{CTAN}. If you're using +\ProgName{Google}, you can restrict your search to \acro{CTAN} by +entering +\begin{quote} + \texttt{site:ctan.org tex-archive \meta{search term(s)}} +\end{quote} +in \ProgName{Google}'s ``search box''. You can also enforce the +restriction using \ProgName{Google}'s ``advanced search'' mechanism; +other search engines (presumably) have similar facilities. + +Many people avoid the need to go over the network at all, for their +searches, by downloading the file list that the archives' web +file searches use. This file, \File{FILES.byname}, +presents a unified listing of the archive (omitting directory names and +cross-links). Its companion \File{FILES.last07days} is also useful, to +keep an eye on the changes on the archive. Since these files are +updated only once a day, a nightly automatic download (perhaps using +\ProgName{rsync}) makes good sense. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[FILES.byname]\CTANref{f-byname} +\item[FILES.last07days]\CTANref{f-last7} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-findfont]{Finding new fonts} + +Nowadays, new fonts are seldom developed by industrious people using +\mf{}, but if such do appear, they will nowadays be distributed in +the same way as any other part of \alltex{} collections. (An +historical review of Metafont fonts available is held on \acro{CTAN} +as ``\mf{} font list''.) Nowadays, most new fonts that appear are +only available in some scalable outline form, and a large proportion +is distributed under commercial terms. + +Such fonts often make their way to the free distributions (at least +\texlive{} and \miktex{}) if their licensing is such that the +distributions can accept them. Commercial fonts do not get to +distributions, though support for some of them is held by \acro{CTAN}. + +Arranging for a new font to be usable by \alltex{} is very different, +depending on which type of font it is, and which \tex{}-alike engine +you are using; roughly speaking: +\begin{itemize} +\item MetaFont fonts will work without much fuss (provided their + sources are in the correct place in the installation's tree); + \tex{}-with-\ProgName{dvips}, and \pdftex{} are ``happy'' with them. +\item Adobe Type 1 fonts can be made to work, after \extension{tfm} + and (usually) \extension{vf} files have been created from their + metric (\extension{afm}) files. +\item TrueType fonts can be made to work with \pdftex{}, using the + techniques discussed in ANSWER TO BE WRITTEN +\item TrueType and OpenType fonts are the usual sort used by \xetex{} + and \luatex{}; they ``just work'' with those engines. +\end{itemize} + +The answer ``\Qref*{choice of scalable fonts}{Q-psfchoice}'' discusses +fonts that are configured for general (both textual and mathematical) +use with \AllTeX{}. The list of such fonts is sufficiently short that +they \emph{can} all be discussed in one answer. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\MF{} font list]\CTANref{mf-list} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-27} + +\Question[Q-CD]{The \TeX{} collection} + +If you don't have access to the Internet, there are obvious +attractions to \TeX{} collections on a disc. Even those with net +access will find large quantities of \TeX{}-related files to hand a +great convenience. + +The \TeX{} collection provides this, together with +ready-to-run \TeX{} systems for various architectures. The collection +is distributed on \acro{DVD}, and contains: +\begin{itemize} +\item The \texlive{} distribution, including the programs themselves + compiled for a variety of architectures; \texlive{} may be + run from the \acro{DVD} or installed on hard disc. +\item Mac\TeX{}: an easy to install \TeX{} system for MacOS/X, based + on \texlive{}; this distribution includes a native Mac installer, + % ! line break + \href{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/}{the \TeX{}Shop front-end} + and other Mac-specific tools; +\item Pro\TeX{}t: an easy to install \TeX{} system for Windows, based + on \miktex{}, based on an `active' document that guides + installation; and +\item A snapshot of \acro{CTAN}. +\end{itemize} +A fair number of national \TeX{} User Groups, as well as \acro{TUG}, +distribute copies to their members at no extra charge. Some user +groups are also able to sell additional copies: +contact your local user group or \Qref*{\acro{TUG}}{Q-TUG*}. + +You may also download disc images from \acro{CTAN}; the installation +disc, Pro\TeX{}t and Mac\TeX{} are all separately available. Beware: +they are all pretty large downloads. \texlive{}, once installed, may +be updated online. + +More details of the collection are available from +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{http://www.tug.org/texcollection/}{its own web page} + on the \acro{TUG} site. +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + its own web page on the + \acro{TUG} site \URL{http://www.tug.org/texcollection/} +\end{flatversion} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[Mac\TeX{}]\CTANref{mactex} +\item[Pro\TeX{}t]\CTANref{protext} +\item[\texlive{} install image]\CTANref{texlive} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-graphics.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-graphics.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1c242162815 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-graphics.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1011 @@ +% $Id: faq-graphics.tex,v 1.26 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{Graphics} + +\Question[Q-impgraph]{Importing graphics into \AllTeX{} documents} + +Knuth, when designing the current version of \TeX{} back in the early +1980s, could discern no ``standard'' way of expressing graphics in +documents. He reasoned that this state could not persist for ever, +but that it would be foolish for him to define \TeX{} primitives that +allowed the import of graphical image definitions. He therefore +deferred the specification of the use of graphics to the writers of +\acro{DVI} drivers; \TeX{} documents would control the drivers by +means of \nothtml{\csx{special} commands (}% beware line breaks +\Qref{\csx{special} commands}{Q-specials}\nothtml{)}. + +There is therefore a straightforward way for anyone to import graphics +into their document: read the specification of the \csx{special} +commands your driver uses, and `just' code them. This is the +hair-shirt approach: it definitely works, but it's not for everyone. + +Over the years, therefore, ``graphics inclusion'' packages have sprung +up; most were designed for inclusion of +\nothtml{Encapsulated \PS{} graphics (}% beware line break +\Qref{Encapsulated \PS{} graphics}{Q-eps}\nothtml{)}\nobreakspace--- +which has become the \emph{lingua franca} of graphics inclusion over +the last decade or so. + +Notable examples are the \Package{epsf} package (distributed with +\ProgName{dvips}) and the \Package{psfig} package. (Both of these +packages were designed to work well with both \plaintex{} and +\LaTeXo{}; they are both still available.) All such packages were +tied to a particular \acro{DVI} driver (\ProgName{dvips}, in +the above two cases), but their code could be configured for others. + +The obvious next step was to make the code configurable dynamically. +The \LaTeX{} standard \Package{graphics} package and its derivatives +made this step: it is strongly preferred for all current work. + +Users of \plaintex{} have two options allowing them to use +\Package{graphicx}: the \Package{miniltx} ``\LaTeX{} emulator'' and +the \Package{graphicx.tex} front-end allow you to load +\Package{graphicx}, and \Qref*{\Eplain}{Q-eplain} allows you to load +it (using the full \LaTeX{} syntax) direct. + +The \Package{graphics} package takes a variety of ``driver +options''~--- package options that select code to generate the +commands appropriate to the \acro{DVI} driver in use. In most cases, +your \AllTeX{} distribution will provide a \File{graphics.cfg} file +that will select the correct driver for what you're doing (for +example, a distribution that provides both \LaTeX{} and \PDFLaTeX{} +will usually provide a configuration file that determines whether +\PDFLaTeX{} is running, and selects the definitions for it if so). + +The \Package{graphics} package provides a toolkit of commands (insert +graphics, scale a box, rotate a box), which may be composed to provide +most facilities you need; the basic command, \csx{includegraphics}, +takes one optional argument, which specifies the bounding box of the +graphics to be included. + +The \Package{graphicx} package uses the facilities of of +\Package{graphics} behind a rather more sophisticated command syntax +to provide a very powerful version of the \csx{includegraphics} +command. \Package{graphicx}'s version can combine scaling and +rotation, viewporting and clipping, and many other things. While this +is all a convenience (at some cost of syntax), it is also capable of +producing noticeably more efficient \PS{}, and some of its +combinations are simply not possible with the \Package{graphics} +package version. + +The \Package{epsfig} package provides the same facilities as +\Package{graphicx}, but via a \csx{psfig} command (also known as +\csx{epsfig}), capable of emulating +the behaviour (if not the bugs) the old \Package{psfig} package. +\Package{Epsfig} also supplies homely support for former users of the +\Package{epsf} package. However, there's a support issue: if you +declare you're using \Package{epsfig}, any potential mailing list or +usenet helper has to clear out of the equation the possibility that +you're using ``old'' \Package{epsfig}, so that support is slower +coming than it would otherwise be. + +There is no rational reason to stick with the old packages, which have +never been entirely satisfactory in the \LaTeX{} context. (One +irrational reason to leave them behind is that their replacement's +name tends not to imply that it's exclusively related to \PS{} +graphics. The reasoning also excludes \Package{epsfig}, of course.) + +A wide variety of detailed techniques and tricks have been developed +over the years, and Keith Reckdahl's \Package{epslatex} outlines them +in compendious detail: this highly recommendable document is available +from \acro{CTAN}. An invaluable review of the practicalities of +exchanging graphics between sites, +% beware multiple line break problems +\begin{wideversion} % hyperversion +``\href{http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/elec_fig/elec_figures.pdf}{Graphics for Inclusion in Electronic Documents}'' +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} % non-hyper +\href{http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/elec_fig/elec_figures.pdf}% + {``Graphics for Inclusion in Electronic Documents''} +\end{narrowversion} +has been written by Ian Hutchinson; the document isn't on \acro{CTAN}, +but may also be +% beware line breaks +\href{http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/elec_fig/}{browsed on the Web}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[epsf.tex]\CTANref{epsf} +\item[epsfig.sty]Part of the \CTANref{graphics} bundle +\item[epslatex.pdf]\CTANref{epslatex} +\item[graphics.sty]\CTANref{graphics} +\item[graphicx.sty]Part of the \CTANref{graphics} bundle +\item[miniltx.tex]\CTANref{graphics-plain} +\item[psfig.sty]\CTANref{psfig} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-dvipsgraphics]{Imported graphics in \ProgName{dvips}} + +\ProgName{Dvips}, as originally conceived, can only import a single +graphics format: \nothtml{encapsulated \PS{} (\extension{eps} files, }% +\Qref{encapsulated \PS{}}{Q-eps}\htmlonly{ (\extension{eps} files}). +\ProgName{Dvips} also deals with the slightly eccentric \acro{EPS} that is +created by \Qref*{\MP{}}{Q-MP}. + +Apart from the fact that a depressing proportion of drawing +applications produce corrupt \acro{EPS} when asked for such output, +this is pretty satisfactory for vector graphics work. + +To include bitmap graphics, you need some means of converting them to +\PS{}; in fact many standard image manipulators (such as +\ProgName{ImageMagick}'s \ProgName{convert}) make a good job of +creating \acro{EPS} files (but be sure to ask for output at \PS{} +level~2 or higher). (\ProgName{Unix} users should beware of +\ProgName{xv}'s claims: it has a tendency to downsample your bitmap to +your screen resolution.) + +Special purpose applications \ProgName{jpeg2ps} (which converts +\acro{JPEG} files using \PS{} level 2 functionality), +\ProgName{bmeps} (which converts both \acro{JPEG} and \acro{PNG} +files) and \ProgName{a2ping}/\ProgName{sam2p} (which convert a +bewildering array of bitmap formats to \acro{EPS} or \acro{PDF} files; +\ProgName{sam2p} is one of the engines that \ProgName{a2ping} uses) +are also considered ``good bets''. + +\ProgName{Bmeps} comes with patches to produce your own version of +\ProgName{dvips} that can cope with \acro{JPEG} and \acro{PNG} direct, +using \ProgName{bmeps}'s conversion library. \ProgName{Dvips}, as +distributed by \miktex{}, comes with those patches built-in, but +assuming that capability destroys portability, and is only +recommendable if you are sure you will never want to share your +document. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[a2ping]\CTANref{a2ping} +\item[bmeps]Distributed as part of \CTANref{dktools}[bmeps] +\item[jpeg2ps]\CTANref{jpeg2ps} +\item[sam2p]\CTANref{sam2p} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-pdftexgraphics]{Imported graphics in \PDFLaTeX{}} + +\PDFTeX{} itself has a rather wide range of formats that it can +``natively'' incorporate into its output \acro{PDF} stream: +\acro{JPEG} (\extension{jpg} files) for photographs and similar images, +\acro{PNG} files for artificial bitmap images, and \acro{PDF} for +vector drawings. Old versions of \PDFTeX{} (prior to version~1.10a) +supported \acro{TIFF} (\extension{tif} files) format as an alternative +to \acro{PNG} files; don't rely on this facility, even if you +\emph{are} running an old enough version of \PDFTeX{}\dots{} + +In addition to the `native' formats, the standard \PDFLaTeX{} +\Package{graphics} package setup causes Hans Hagen's \File{supp-pdf} +macros to be loaded: these macros are capable of translating the +output of \MP{} to \acro{PDF} ``on the fly''; thus \MP{} output +(\extension{mps} files) may also be included in \PDFLaTeX{} documents. + +The commonest problem users encounter, when switching from \TeX{}, is +that there is no straightforward way to include \acro{EPS} files: +since \PDFTeX{} is its own ``driver'', and since it contains no means +of converting \PS{} to \acro{PDF}, there's no direct way the job can +be done. + +The simple solution is to convert the \acro{EPS} to an appropriate +\acro{PDF} file. The \ProgName{epstopdf} program will do this: it's +available either as a Windows executable or as a \ProgName{Perl} +script to run on Unix and other similar systems. A \LaTeX{} package, +\Package{epstopdf}, can be used to generate the requisite \acro{PDF} +files ``on the fly''; this is convenient, but requires that you +suppress one of \TeX{}'s security checks: don't allow its use in files +from sources you don't entirely trust. + +The package \Package{pst-pdf} permits other things than `mere' +graphics files in its argument. \Package{Pst-pdf} operates (the +authors suggest) ``like \BibTeX{}''~--- you process your file using +\PDFLaTeX{}, then use \LaTeX{}, \ProgName{dvips} and \ProgName{ps2pdf} +in succession, to produce a secondary file to input to your next +\PDFLaTeX{} run. (Scripts are provided to ease the production of the +secondary file.) + +A further extension is \Package{auto-pst-pdf}, which generates +\acro{PDF} (essentially) transparently, by spawning a job to process +output such as \Package{pst-pdf} uses. If your \pdflatex{} +installation doesn't automatically allow it~--- see % ! line break +\Qref*{spawning a process}{Q-spawnprog}~--- then you need to start +\pdflatex{} with: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +pdflatex -shell-escape <file> +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +for complete `automation'. + +An alternative solution is to use \ProgName{purifyeps}, a +\ProgName{Perl} script which uses the good offices of +\ProgName{pstoedit} and of \MP{} to convert your Encapsulated \PS{} to +``Something that looks like the encapsulated \PS{} that comes out of +\MP{}'', and can therefore be included directly. Sadly, +\ProgName{purifyeps} doesn't work for all \extension{eps} files. + +Good coverage of the problem is to be found in Herbert Vo\ss {}'s +\href{http://pstricks.tug.org/main.cgi?file=pdf/pdfoutput}{\acro{PDF} support page}, +which is targeted at the use of \Package{pstricks} in +\PDFLaTeX{}, and also covers the \Package{pstricks}-specific package +\Package{pdftricks}. A recent alternative (not covered in % ! line break +Herbert Vo\ss {}'s page) is \Package{pdftricks2}, which offers similar +facilities to \Package{pdftricks}, but with some useful variations. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[auto-pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{auto-pst-pdf} +\item[epstopdf]Browse \CTANref{epstopdf} +\item[epstopdf.sty]Distributed with Heiko Oberdiek's packages + \CTANref{oberdiek} +\item[pdftricks.sty]\CTANref{pdftricks} +\item[pdftricks2.sty]\CTANref{pdftricks2} +\item[pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{pst-pdf} +\item[pstoedit]\CTANref{pstoedit} +\item[purifyeps]\CTANref{purifyeps} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-20} + +\Question[Q-dvipdfmgraphics]{Imported graphics in \ProgName{dvipdfm}} + +\ProgName{Dvipdfm} (and \ProgName{dvipdfmx}) translates direct from +\acro{DVI} to \acro{PDF} (all other available routes produce \PS{} +output using \ProgName{dvips} and then convert that to \acro{PDF} with +\ProgName{ghostscript} or \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Distiller}). + +\ProgName{Dvipdfm}/\ProgName{Dvipdfmx} are particularly flexible +applications. They permit the inclusion of bitmap and \acro{PDF} +graphics, as does \Qref*{\PDFTeX{}}{Q-pdftexgraphics}, but are also +capable of employing \ProgName{ghostscript} ``on the fly'' so as to be +able to permit the inclusion of encapsulated \PS{} (\extension{eps}) +files by translating them to \acro{PDF}. In this way, they combine the good +qualities of \ProgName{dvips} and of \PDFTeX{} as a means of +processing illustrated documents. + +Unfortunately, ``ordinary'' \LaTeX{} can't deduce the bounding box of +a binary bitmap file (such as \acro{JPEG} or \acro{PNG}), so you have +to specify the bounding box. This may be done explicitly, in the +document: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} +... +\includegraphics[bb=0 0 540 405]{photo.jpg} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +It's usually not obvious what values to give the ``\texttt{bb}'' key, +but the program \ProgName{ebb} will generate a file +containing the information; the above numbers came from an +\ProgName{ebb} output file \File{photo.bb}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +%%Title: /home/gsm10/photo.jpg +%%Creator: ebb Version 0.5.2 +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 540 405 +%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 8 15:17:47 2004 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +If such a file is available, you may abbreviate the inclusion +code, above, to read: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} +... +\includegraphics{photo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which makes the operation feel as simple as does including +\extension{eps} images in a \LaTeX{} file for processing with +\ProgName{dvips}; the \Package{graphicx} package knows to look for a +\extension{bb} file if no bounding box is provided in the +\csx{includegraphics} command. + +The one place where usage isn't quite so simple is the need to quote +\ProgName{dvipdfm} explicitly, as an option when loading the +\Package{graphicx} package: if you are using \ProgName{dvips}, you +don't ordinarily need to specify the fact, since the default graphics +configuration file (of most distributions) ``guesses'' the +\texttt{dvips} option if you're using \TeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dvipdfm]\CTANref{dvipdfm} +\item[dvipdfmx]\CTANref{dvipdfmx} +\item[ebb]Distributed as part of \CTANref{dvipdfm} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-grffilenames]{``Modern'' graphics file names} + +\TeX{} was designed in a world where file names were very simple +indeed, typically strictly limited both in character set and length. +In modern systems, such restrictions have largely disappeared, which +leaves \TeX{} rather at odds with its environment. Particular +problems arise with spaces in file names, but things like multiple +period characters can seriously confuse the \Package{graphics} +package. + +The specification of \TeX{} leaves some leeway for distributions to +adopt file access appropriate to their operating system, but this +hasn't got us very far. Many modern distributions allow you to +specify a file name as \texttt{"file name.tex"} (for example), which +helps somewhat, but while this allows us to say +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\input "foo bar.tex" +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the analogous usage +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics{"gappy graphics.eps"} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +using ``ordinary'' \LaTeX{} causes confusion in \ProgName{xdvi} and +\ProgName{dvips}, even though it works at compilation time. Sadly, +even within such quotes, multiple dots give \csx{includegraphics} +difficulties. Note that +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics{"gappy graphics.pdf"} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +works in a similar version of \PDFTeX{}. + +If you're using the \Package{graphics} package, the \Package{grffile} +package will help. The package offers several options, the simplest +of which are \pkgoption{multidot} (allowing more than one dot in a +file name) and \pkgoption{space} (allowing space in a file name). The +\pkgoption{space} option requires that you're running on a +sufficiently recent version of \PDFTeX{}, in \acro{PDF} mode~--- and +even then it won't work for \MP{} files, which are read as \TeX{} +input, and therefore use the standard input mechanism). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[grffile.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[grffile] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-graphicspath]{Importing graphics from ``somewhere else''} + +By default, graphics commands like \csx{includegraphics} look +``wherever \TeX{} files are found'' for the graphic file they're being +asked to use. This can reduce your flexibility if you choose to hold +your graphics files in a common directory, away from your \AllTeX{} +sources. + +The simplest solution is to patch \TeX{}'s path, by changing the +default path. On most systems, the default path is taken from the +environment variable \texttt{TEXINPUTS}, if it's present; you can adapt that +to take in the path it already has, by setting the variable to +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +TEXINPUTS=.:<graphics path(s)>: +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +on a Unix system; on a Windows system the separator will be ``\texttt{;}'' +rather than ``\texttt{:}''. The ``\texttt{.}'' is there to ensure +that the current directory is searched first; the trailing +``\texttt{:}'' says ``patch in the value of \texttt{TEXINPUTS} from +your configuration file, here''. + +This method has the merit of efficiency (\AllTeX{} does \emph{all} of +the searches, which is quick), but it's always clumsy and may prove +inconvenient to use in Windows setups (at least). + +The alternative is to use the \Package{graphics} package command +\csx{graphicspath}; this command is of course also available to users +of the \Package{graphicx} and the \Package{epsfig} packages. The +syntax of \csx{graphicspath}'s one argument is slightly odd: it's a +sequence of paths (typically relative paths), each of which is +enclosed in braces. A slightly odd example (slightly modified from one +given in the \Package{graphics} bundle documentation) is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\graphicspath{{eps/}{png/}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will search for graphics files in subdirectories \File{eps} and +\File{png} of the directory in which \latex{} is running. (Note that +the trailing ``\texttt{/}'' \emph{is} required.) + +(Note that some \AllTeX{} systems will only allow you to use files in +the current directory and its sub-directories, for security reasons. +However, \csx{graphicspath} imposes no such restriction: as far as +\emph{it} is concerned, you can access files anywhere.) + +Be aware that \csx{graphicspath} does not affect the operations of +graphics macros other than those from the graphics bundle~--- in +particular, those of the outdated \Package{epsf} and +\Package{psfig} packages are immune. + +The slight disadvantage of the \csx{graphicspath} method is +inefficiency. The package will call \AllTeX{} once for each entry in +the list to look for a file, which of course slows things. Further, +\AllTeX{} remembers the name of any file it's asked to look up, thus +effectively losing memory, so that in the limit a document that uses a +huge number of graphical inputs could be embarrassed by lack of +memory. (Such ``memory starvation'' is pretty unlikely with any +ordinary document in a reasonably modern \AllTeX{} system, but it +should be borne in mind.) + +If your document is split into a variety of directories, and each +directory has its associated graphics, the \Package{import} package +may well be the thing for you; see the discussion % beware line break +\latexhtml{of ``bits of document in other directories'' (}{in the question ``}% +\Qref{bits of document in other directories}{Q-docotherdir}% +\latexhtml{)}{''}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[graphics \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{graphics} +\item[import.sty]\CTANref{import} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-graph-pspdf]{Portable imported graphics} + +A regular need is a document to be distributed in more than +one format: commonly both \PS{} and \acro{PDF}. The +following advice is based on a post by one with much experience of +dealing with the problem of dealing with \acro{EPS} graphics in this +case. +\begin{itemize} +\item Don't specify a driver when loading loading whichever version of + the \Package{graphics} package you use. The scheme relies on the + distribution's ability to decide which driver is going to be used: + the choice is between \ProgName{dvips} and \PDFTeX{}, in this case. + Be sure to exclude options \pkgoption{dvips}, \pkgoption{pdftex} and + \pkgoption{dvipdfm} (\ProgName{dvipdfm} is not used in this scheme, + but the aspirant \acro{PDF}-maker may be using it for his output, + before switching to the scheme). +\item Use \cmdinvoke{includegraphics}[...]{filename} without + specifying the extension (i.e., neither \extension{eps} nor + \extension{pdf}). +\item For every \extension{eps} file you will be including, produce a + \extension{pdf} version, as described in % beware line break + \Qref[question]{Graphics in \PDFLaTeX{}}{Q-pdftexgraphics}. Having + done this, you will have two copies of each graphic (a \extension{eps} + and a \extension{pdf} file) in your directory. +\item Use \PDFLaTeX{} (rather than + \LaTeX{}--\ProgName{dvips}--distillation or + \LaTeX{}--\ProgName{dvipdfm}) to produce your \acro{PDF} output. +\end{itemize} +\ProgName{Dvipdfm}'s charms are less than attractive here: the +document itself needs to be altered from its default +(\ProgName{dvips}) state, before \ProgName{dvipdfm} will process it. + +\Question[Q-repeatgrf]{Repeated graphics in a document} + +A logo or ``watermark'' image, or any other image that is repeated in +your document, has the potential to make the processed version of the +document unmanageably large. The problem is, that the default +mechanisms of graphics usage add the image at every point it's to be +used, and when processed, the image appears in the output file at each +such point. + +Huge \PS{} files are embarrassing; explaining \emph{why} such a file +is huge, is more embarrassing still. + +The \Qref*{\File{epslatex} graphics tutorial}{Q-tutbitslatex} +describes a technique for avoiding the problem: basically, one +converts the image that's to be repeated into a \PS{} subroutine, and +load that as a \ProgName{dvips} prologue file. In place of the image, +you load a file (with the same bounding box as the image) containing +no more than an invocation of the subroutine defined in the prologue. + +The \File{epslatex} technique is tricky, but does the job. Trickier +still is the neat scheme of converting the figure to a one-character +Adobe Type~3 outline font. While this technique is for the ``real +experts'' only (the author of this answer has never even tried it), it has +potential for the same sort of space saving as the \File{epslatex} +technique, with greater flexibility in actual use. + +More practical is Hendri Adriaens' \Package{graphicx-psmin}; you load +this \emph{in place} of \Package{graphicx}, so rather than: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[<options>]{graphicx} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +you will write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[<options>]{graphicx-psmin} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and at the start of your document, you write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\loadgraphics[<bb>]{<list of graphics>} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and each of the graphics in the list is converted to an ``object'' for +use within the resulting \PS{} output. (This is, in essence, an +automated version of the \File{epslatex} technique described above.) + +Having loaded the package as above, whenever you use +\csx{includegraphics}, the command checks if the file you've asked for +is one of the graphics in \csx{loadgraphics}' list. If so, the +operation is converted into a call to the ``object'' rather than a new +copy of the file; the resulting \PS{} can of course be \emph{much} smaller. + +Note that the package requires a recent \ProgName{dvips}, version +5.95b (this version isn't~--- yet~--- widely distributed). + +If your \PS{} is destined for conversion to \acro{PDF}, either by a +\ProgName{ghostscript}-based mechanism such as \ProgName{ps2pdf} or by +(for example) \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Distiller}, the issue isn't +so pressing, since the distillation mechanism will amalgamate graphics +objects whether or not the \PS{} has them amalgamated. \PDFTeX{} does +the same job with graphics, automatically converting multiple uses +into references to graphics objects. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[graphicx-psmin.sty]\CTANref{graphicx-psmin} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-grmaxwidth]{Limit the width of imported graphics} + +Suppose you have graphics which may or may not be able to fit within +the width of the page; if they will fit, you want to set them at their +natural size, but otherwise you want to scale the whole picture so +that it fits within the page width. + +You do this by delving into the innards of the graphics package (which +of course needs a little \LaTeX{} internals programming): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\def\maxwidth{% + \ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth + \linewidth + \else + \Gin@nat@width + \fi +} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This defines a ``variable'' width which has the properties you want. +Replace \csx{linewidth} if you have a different constraint on the width +of the graphic. + +Use the command as follows: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-topgraph]{Top-aligning imported graphics} + +When \TeX{} sets a line of anything, it ensures that the base-line of +each object in the line is at the same level as the base-line of the +final object. (Apart, of course, from \csx{raisebox} commands\dots{}) + +Most imported graphics have their base-line set at the bottom of the +picture. When using packages such as \Package{subfig}, one often +wants to align figures by their tops. The following odd little bit of +code does this: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\vtop{% + \vskip0pt + \hbox{% + \includegraphics{figure}% + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \csx{vtop} primitive sets the base-line of the resulting object to +that of the first ``line'' in it; the \csx{vskip} creates the illusion +of an empty line, so \csx{vtop} makes the very top of the box into the +base-line. + +In cases where the graphics are to be aligned with text, there is a +case for making the base-line one ex-height below the top of the box, +as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\vtop{% + \vskip-1ex + \hbox{% + \includegraphics{figure}% + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +A more \LaTeX{}-y way of doing the job (somewhat inefficiently) uses +the \Package{calc} package: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{calc} +... +\raisebox{1ex-\height}{\includegraphics{figure}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(this has the same effect as the text-align version, above). + +The fact is, \emph{you} may choose where the base-line ends up. This +answer merely shows you sensible choices you might make. + +\Question[Q-mpprologues]{Displaying \MP{} output in \ProgName{ghostscript}} + +\MP{} ordinarily expects its output to be included in some context +where the `standard' \MF{} fonts (that you've specified) are already +defined~--- for example, as a figure in \TeX{} document. If you're +debugging your \MP{} code, you may want to view it in +\ProgName{ghostscript} (or some other \PS{} previewer). However, +the \PS{} `engine' in \ProgName{ghostscript} \emph{doesn't} +ordinarily have the fonts loaded, and you'll experience an error such +as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Error: /undefined in cmmi10 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +There is provision in \MP{} for avoiding this problem: issue the +command \texttt{prologues := 2;} at the start of the \extension{mp} file. + +Unfortunately, the \PS{} that \MP{} inserts in its output, +following this command, is incompatible with ordinary use of the +\PS{} in inclusions into \AllTeX{} documents, so it's best to +make the \texttt{prologues} command optional. Furthermore, \MP{} takes a +very simple-minded approach to font encoding: since \TeX{} font +encodings regularly confuse sophisticated minds, this can prove +troublesome. If you're suffering such problems (the symptom is that +characters disappear, or are wrongly presented) the only solution is +to view the `original' \MP{} output after processing through +\LaTeX{} and \ProgName{dvips}. + +Conditional compilation may be done either +by inputting \File{MyFigure.mp} indirectly from a simple wrapper +\File{MyFigureDisplay.mp}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +prologues := 2; +input MyFigure +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or by issuing a shell command such as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +mp '\prologues:=2; input MyFigure' +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(which will work without the quote marks if you're not using a Unix +shell). + +A suitable \LaTeX{} route would involve processing +\File{MyFigure.tex}, which contains: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\begin{document} +\thispagestyle{empty} +\includegraphics{MyFigure.1} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Processing the resulting \acro{DVI} file with the \ProgName{dvips} +command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +dvips -E -o MyFigure.eps MyFigure +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +would then give a satisfactory Encapsulated \PS{} file. This +procedure may be automated using the \ProgName{Perl} script +\ProgName{mps2eps}, thus saving a certain amount of tedium. + +The \plaintex{} user may use an adaptation of a jiffy of Knuth's, by +Dan Luecking. Dan's version \Package{mpsproof.tex} will work under +\TeX{} to produce a \acro{DVI} file for use with \ProgName{dvips}, or +under \PDFTeX{} to produce a \acro{PDF} file, direct. The output is +set up to look like a proof sheet. + +A script application, \ProgName{mptopdf}, is available in recent +\AllTeX{} distributions: it seems fairly reliably to produce +\acro{PDF} from \MP{}, so may reasonably be considered an answer to +the question\dots{} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[mps2eps]\CTANref{mps2eps} +\item[mpsproof.tex]Distributed as part of the \MP{} distribution \CTANref{metapost} +\item[mptopdf]Part of \CTANref{pdftex-graphics} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2010-03-16} + +\Question[Q-drawing]{Drawing with \TeX{}} + +There are many packages to do pictures in \AllTeX{} itself (rather than +importing graphics created externally), ranging from simple use of +\LaTeX{} \environment{picture} environment, through enhancements like +\ProgName{eepic}, to +sophisticated (but slow) drawing with \pictex{}. Depending on your type +of drawing, and setup, here are a few systems you may consider: +\begin{itemize} +\item The \environment{picture} environment provides rather primitive + drawing capabilities (anything requiring more than linear + calculations is excluded, unless a font can come to your help). The + environment's tedious insistence on its own \csx{unitlength}, as the + basic measurement in a diagram, may be avoided by use of the + \Package{picture} package, which detects whether a length is quoted + as a number or as a length, and acts accordingly. +\item \Package{epic} was designed to make use of the \LaTeX{} + \environment{picture} environment somewhat less agonising; + \Package{eepic} extends it, and is capable of using \ProgName{tpic} + \csx{special} commands to improve printing performance. (If the + \csx{special}s aren't available, the \Package{eepicemu} will do the + business, far less efficiently. +\item \Package{pict2e}; this was advertised in % !line break + \Qref*{the \LaTeX{} manual}{Q-latex-books}, but didn't appear for nearly + ten years after publication of the book! It removes all the petty + restrictions that surround the use of the \environment{picture} + environment. It therefore suffers \emph{only} from the rather + eccentric drawing language of the environment, and is a far more + useful tool than the original environment has ever been. (Note that + \Package{pict2e} supersedes David Carlisle's stop-gap + \Package{pspicture}.) +\item \pictex{} is a venerable, and very powerful, system, that draws + by placing dots on the page to give the effect of a line or curve. While + this has the potential of great power, it is (of course) much slower + than any of the other established packages. What's more, there + are problems with its \Qref*{documentation}{Q-docpictex}. +\item \Package{PSTricks} gives you access to the (considerable) power of + \PS{} via a set of \tex{} macros, which talk to \PS{} using + \Qref*{\csx{special} commands}{Q-specials}. Since \PS{} is itself a + pretty powerful programming language, many astounding things can in + principle be achieved using \Package{PSTricks} (a wide range of + contributed packages, ranging from world mapping to lens design + diagrams, is available). + \Package{Pstricks}' \csx{special}s are + by default specific to \ProgName{dvips}, but V\TeX{} (both in its + commercial and in its free versions) understands them, and there is + a \Package{Pstricks} `driver' that allow \Package{Pstricks} to + operate under \xetex{}. \PDFTeX{} users may use \Package{pst-pdf}, + which (like \Package{epstopdf}~--- see % ! line break + \Qref[question]{\PDFLaTeX{} graphics}{Q-pdftexgraphics}) generates + \acro{PDF} files using an auxiliary program, from \Package{PSTricks} + commands (\Package{pst-pdf} also requires a recent installation of + the \Package{preview} package). + + There is a \Package{PSTricks} mailing list + (\mailto{pstricks@tug.org}) which you may + \href{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/pstricks}{join}, or you may + just browse the % ! line break + \href{http://tug.org/pipermail/pstricks/}{list archives}. +\item \Package{pgf}: while \Package{pstricks} is very powerful and + convenient from `traditional' \tex{}, using it with \PDFLaTeX{} is + pretty tiresome: if you + simply want the graphical capabilities, \Package{pgf}, together with + its ``user-oriented'' interface \Package{tikz}, may be a good + bet for you. While \acro{PDF} has (in essence) the same graphical + capabilities as \PS{}, it isn't programmable; \Package{pgf} provides + \LaTeX{} commands that will utilise the graphical capabilities of + both \PS{} and \acro{PDF} equally. \Package{Pgf} has extensive + mathematical support, which allows it to rival \Package{PSTricks}' + use of the computation engine within \PS{}. + The \Package{pgf} manual is enormous, but a simple introduction which + allows the user to get a feel for the capabilities of the system, is + available at \url{http://cremeronline.com/LaTeX/minimaltikz.pdf} +\item \MP{}; you liked \MF{}, but never got to grips with font files? + Try \Qref*{\MP{}}{Q-MP}~--- + all the power of \MF{}, but it generates \PS{} figures; \MP{} + is nowadays part of most serious \AllTeX{} distributions. Knuth + uses it for all his work\dots{} + + Note that you can % ! line break + \Qref*{``embed'' \MP{} source in your document}{Q-inlgrphapp} (i.e., + keep it in-line with your \latex{} code). +\item You liked \MF{} (or \MP{}), but find the language difficult? + \ProgName{Mfpic} makes up \MF{} or \MP{} code for you using + familiar-looking \AllTeX{} macros. Not \emph{quite} the full power + of \MF{} or \MP{}, but a friendlier interface, and with \MP{} output + the results can be used equally well in either \LaTeX{} or \PDFLaTeX{}. +\item You liked \pictex{} but don't have enough memory or time? Look + at the late Eitan Gurari's \Package{dratex}: it is just as powerful, + but is an entirely new implementation which is not as hard on + memory, is much more readable and is (admittedly sparsely) documented at + \url{http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/tpf/html/README.html}, + as well as in the author's book ``TeX and LATeX: Drawing and + Literate Programming'', which remains available from on-line + booksellers. +\end{itemize} + +In addition, there are several means of generating code for your +graphics application (\ProgName{asymptote}, \ProgName{gnuplot} and +\MP{}, at least) in-line in your document, and then have them +processed in a command spawned from your \AllTeX{} run. For details, +see \Qref{question}{Q-inlgrphapp}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dratex.sty]\CTANref{dratex} +\item[epic.sty]\CTANref{epic} +\item[eepic.sty]\CTANref{eepic} +\item[eepicemu.sty]\CTANref{eepic} +\item[mfpic]\CTANref{mfpic} +\item[preview.sty]\CTANref{preview} +\item[pspicture.sty]\CTANref{pspicture} +\item[pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{pst-pdf} +\item[pgf.sty]\CTANref{pgf} +\item[pict2e.sty]\CTANref{pict2e} +\item[pictex.sty]\CTANref{pictex} +\item[picture.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[picture] +\item[pstricks]\CTANref{pstricks} +\item[tikz.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{pgf} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-19} + +\Question[Q-inlgrphapp]{In-line source for graphics applications} + +Some of the free-standing graphics applications may also be used +(effectively) in-line in \latex{} documents; examples are +\begin{booklist} +\item[asymptote]The package \Package{asymptote} (provided in the + \ProgName{asymptote} distribution) defines an environment + \environment{asy} which arranges that its contents are available for + processing, and will therefore be typeset (after ``enough'' runs, in + the `usual' \latex{} way). + + Basically, you write + \begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{begin}{asy}\\ + \latexhtml{\hspace*{1em}}{~~}\texttt{\meta{asymptote code}}\\ + \cmdinvoke{end}{asy} + \end{quote} + and then execute +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +latex document +asy document-*.asy +latex document +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\item[egplot]Allows you to incorporate \ProgName{GNUplot} + instructions in your document, for processing outside of \latex{}. + The package provides commands that enable the user to do calculation + in \ProgName{GNUplot}, feeding the results into the diagram + to be drawn. +\item[gmp]Allows you to include the source of MetaPost diagrams, with + parameters of the diagram passed from the environment call. +\item[emp]An earlier package providing facilities similar to those of + \Package{gmp} (\Package{gmp}'s author hopes that his package will + support the facilities \Package{emp}, which he believes is in need + of update.) +\item[mpgraphics]Again, allows you to program parameters of \MP{} + diagrams from your \latex{} document, including the preamble details + of the \latex{} code in any recursive call from \MP{}. +\end{booklist} +In all cases (other than \Package{asymptote}), these packages require +that you can % ! line break +\Qref*{run external programs from within your document}{Q-spawnprog}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[asymptote.sty]\CTANref{asymptote} +\item[egplot.sty]\CTANref{egplot} +\item[emp.sty]\CTANref{emp} +\item[gmp.sty]\CTANref{gmp} +\item[mpgraphics.sty]\CTANref{mpgraphics} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2011-03-16} + +\Question[Q-drawFeyn]{Drawing Feynman diagrams in \LaTeX{}} + +Michael Levine's \Package{feynman} bundle for drawing the diagrams in +\LaTeXo{} is still available. + +Thorsten Ohl's \Package{feynmf} is designed for use with current +\LaTeX{}, and works in +combination with \MF{} (or, in its \Package{feynmp} incarnation, with +\MP{}). The \ProgName{feynmf} or +\ProgName{feynmp} package reads a description of the diagram written +in \TeX{}, and writes out code. \MF{} (or \MP{}) can then produce a +font (or \PS{} file) for use in a subsequent \LaTeX{} run. For +new users, who have access to \MP{}, the \PS{} version is +probably the better route, for document portability and other reasons. +% checked rf 2001/03/22 + +Jos Vermaseren's \Package{axodraw} is mentioned as an alternative in +the documentation of \Package{feynmf}, but it is written entirely in +terms of \ProgName{dvips} \csx{special} commands, and is thus rather +imperfectly portable. + +An alternative approach is implemented by Norman Gray's \Package{feyn} +package. Rather than creating complete diagrams as postscript images, +\Package{feyn} provides a font (in a variety of sizes) containing +fragments, which you can compose to produce complete diagrams. It +offers fairly simple diagrams which look good in equations, rather +than complicated ones more suitable for display in figures. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[axodraw]\CTANref{axodraw} +\item[feyn \nothtml{\rmfamily}font bundle]\CTANref{feyn} +\item[feynman bundle]\CTANref{feynman} +\item[feynmf/feynmp bundle]\CTANref{feynmf} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-labelfig]{Labelling graphics} + +``Technical'' graphics (such as graphs and diagrams) are often +labelled with quite complex mathematical expressions: there are few +drawing or graphing tools that can do such things (the honourable +exception being \MP{}, which allows you to program the labels, in +\AllTeX{}, in the middle of specifying your graphic). + +Placing labels on graphics produced by all those \emph{other} tools is +what we discuss here. + +The time-honoured \Package{psfrag} package can help, if your image is +included as an (encapsulated) \PS{} file. Place an unique +text in your graphic, using the normal text features of your tool, and +you can ask \Package{psfrag} to replace the text with arbitrary +\AllTeX{} material. \Package{Psfrag}'s ``operative'' command is +\cmdinvoke{psfrag}{\emph{Orig text}}{\emph{Repl text}}, which +instructs the system to replace the original (``unique'') text with +the \TeX{}-typeset replacement text. Optional arguments permit +adjustment of position, scale and rotation; full details may be found +in \File{pfgguide} in the distribution. + +Since \Package{psfrag} works in terms of (encapsulated) \PS{} files, +it needs extra work for use with \PDFLaTeX{}. The % ! line break +\Qref*{\Package{pst-pdf} package}{Q-pdftexgraphics} can support such +usage. In fact, the \Package{pst-pdf} support package +\Package{auto-pst-pdf} offers a configuration setting precisely for +use with \Package{psfrag}. + +On the other hand, % ! line break +\Qref*{V\TeX{}'s GeX processor}{Q-commercial} explicitly deals with +\Package{psfrag}, both in its free and commercial instances. + +The \Package{psfragx} package goes one step further than +\Package{psfrag}: it provides a means whereby you can put the +\Package{psfrag} commands into the preamble of your \acro{EPS} file +itself. \Package{Psfrag} has such a command itself, but deprecates +it; \Package{psfragx} has cleaned up the facility, and provides a +script \ProgName{laprint} for use with \ProgName{Matlab} to produce +appropriately tagged output. (In principle, other graphics +applications could provide a similar facility, but apparently none does.) + +\ProgName{Emacs} users may find the embedded editor \ProgName{iTe} a +useful tool for placing labels: it's a \AllTeX{}-oriented graphical +editor written in \ProgName{Emacs Lisp}. You create +\environment{iteblock} environments containing graphics and text, and +may then invoke \ProgName{iTe} to arrange the elements relative to one +another. + +Another useful approach is \Package{overpic}, which overlays a +\environment{picture} environment on a graphic included by use of +\csx{includegraphics}. This treatment lends itself to ready placement +of texts and the like on top of a graphic. The package can draw a +grid for planning your ``attack''; the distribution comes with simple +examples. + +The \Package{lpic} package is somewhat similar to \Package{overpic}; +it defines an environment \environment{lpic} (which places your +graphic for you): within the environment you may use the command +\csx{lbl} to position \latex{} material at appropriate places over the +graphic. + +\Package{Pinlabel} is another package whose author thought in the same +sort of way as that of \Package{overpic}; the documentation explains +in detail how to plan your `labelling attack'~--- in this case by +loading your figure into a viewer and taking measurements from it. +(The package discusses direct use of \ProgName{ghostscript} as well as +customised viewers such as \ProgName{gsview} or \ProgName{gv}.) + +\Package{Pstricks} can of course do everything +that \Package{overpic}, \Package{lpic} or \Package{pinlabel} +can, with all the flexibility of \PS{} programming that it offers. +This capability is exemplified by the \Package{pst-layout} package, +which seems to be a superset of both \Package{overpic} and +\Package{lpic}. + +Similarly, \Package{pgf/TikZ} has all the power needed, but no +explicit package has been released. + +The \Package{pstricks} web site has a page with several % ! line break +\href{http://pstricks.tug.org/main.cgi?file=Examples/overlay}{examples of labelling} +which will get you started; if \Package{pstricks} is % ! line break +\Qref*{an option for you}{Q-drawing}, this route is worth a try. + +The confident user may, of course, do the whole job in a picture +environment which itself includes the graphic. I would recommend +\Package{overpic} or the \Package{pstricks} approach, but such things +are plainly little more than a convenience over what is achievable +with the do-it-yourself approach. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[auto-pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{auto-pst-pdf} +\item[ghostscript]\CTANref{ghostscript} +\item[gsview]\CTANref{gsview} +\item[gv]\CTANref{gv} +\item[iTe]\CTANref{ite} +\item[laprint]Distributed with \CTANref{psfragx} +\item[lpic.sty]\CTANref{lpic} +\item[overpic.sty]\CTANref{overpic} +\item[pinlabel.sty]\CTANref{pinlabel} +\item[pgf.sty]\CTANref{pgf} +\item[psfrag.sty]\CTANref{psfrag} +\item[psfragx.sty]\CTANref{psfragx} +\item[pstricks.sty]\CTANref{pstricks} +\item[pst-layout.sty]\CTANref{pst-layout} +\item[pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{pst-pdf} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-16} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-how-do-i.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-how-do-i.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f767d3959d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-how-do-i.tex @@ -0,0 +1,4083 @@ +% $Id: faq-how-do-i.tex,v 1.45 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{How do I do\dots{}?} + +\subsection{Mathematics} + +\Question[Q-proof]{Proof environment} + +It was long thought impossible to make a \environment{proof} +environment which automatically includes an `end-of-proof' symbol. +Some proofs end in displayed maths; others do not. If the input file +contains % ! line break +\texttt{...\csx{]} }\cmdinvoke{end}{proof} then \LaTeX{} finishes off +the displayed maths and gets ready for a new line before it reads any +instructions connected with ending the proof, so the code is very +tricky. You \emph{can} insert the symbol by hand, but the +(apparently) original `automatic' solution came with Paul Taylor's +\Package{QED}. + +Nowadays, the \Package{ntheorem} package now solves the problem for +\LaTeX{} users: it provides an automatic way of signalling +the end of a proof. + +The \AMSLaTeX{} package \Package{amsthm} also provides a +\environment{proof} environment that does the job; though you need to +insert a \csx{qedhere} command if the proof ends with a displayed +equation: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{proof} + text... + \begin{equation*} + maths... \tag*{\qedhere} + \end{equation*} +\end{proof} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \cmdinvoke{tag*}{\csx{qedhere}} construction may be used in any of +\AMSLaTeX{}'s numbering environments. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsthm.sty]Distributed as part of the \AMSLaTeX{} bundle + \CTANref{amslatex}[amsthm] +\item[ntheorem.sty]\CTANref{ntheorem} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-03-09} + +\Question[Q-theoremfmt]{Theorem bodies printed in a roman font} + +If you want to take advantage of the powerful \csx{newtheorem} command +without the constraint that the contents of the theorem is in a sloped +font (for example, you may want to use it to create remarks, examples, proofs, +\dots{}) then you can use the \AMSLaTeX{} \Package{amsthm} package +(which now supersedes the \Package{theorem} package previously +recommended in these answers). +Alternatively, the following sets up an environment +\environment{remark} whose content is in the default roman font. +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newtheorem{preremark}{Remark} +\newenvironment{remark}% + {\begin{preremark}\upshape}% + {\end{preremark}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newtheorem{preremark}{Remark} +\newenvironment{remark}% + {\begin{preremark}\upshape}{\end{preremark}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +The \Package{ntheorem} package provides control of the fonts used by +theorems, directly. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsthm.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amslatex}[amsthm] +\item[ntheorem.sty]\CTANref{ntheorem} +\item[theorem.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[theorem] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-newfunction]{Defining a new log-like function in \LaTeX{}} + +Use the \csx{mathop} command, as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\diag}{\mathop{\mathrm{diag}}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +Subscripts and superscripts on \csx{diag} will be placed below and +above the function name, as they are on +\csx{lim}. If you want your subscripts and superscripts always placed +to the right, do: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\diag}% + {\mathop{\mathrm{diag}}\nolimits} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\diag}{\mathop{\mathrm{diag}}\nolimits} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} + +\AMSLaTeX{} (in its \Package{amsopn} package, which is automatically +loaded by \Package{amsmath}) provides a command +\csx{DeclareMathOperator} that takes does the same job as the first +definition above. To create our original \csx{diag} command, one would +say: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareMathOperator{\diag}{diag} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\csx{DeclareMathOperator*} declares the operator always to have its +sub- and superscripts in the % ! line break +``\Qref*{\csx{limits} position}{Q-limits}''. + +The \Package{amsopn} command \csx{operatorname} allows you to +introduce \emph{ad hoc} operators into your mathematics, so +\begin{quote} + \csx{[} \cmdinvoke{operatorname}{foo}\texttt{(bar)} \csx{]} +\end{quote} +typesets the same as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareMathOperator{\foo}{foo} +... +\[ \foo(bar) \] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +As with \csx{DeclareMathOperator} there's a starred version +\csx{operatorname*} for sub- and superscripts in the limits position. + +(It should be noted that ``log-like'' was reportedly a \emph{joke} on +Lamport's part; it is of course clear what was meant.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsopn.sty]Distributed as part of the \AMSLaTeX{} distribution + \CTANref{amslatex}[amsopn] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-braket]{Set specifications and Dirac brackets} + +One of the few glaring omissions from \TeX{}'s mathematical +typesetting capabilities is a means of setting separators in the +middle of mathematical expressions. \TeX{} provides primitives called +\csx{left} and \csx{right}, which can be used to modify brackets (of +whatever sort) around a mathematical expression, as in: +% beware line wrap +\csx{left(}\texttt{ <expression> }\csx{right)}~--- the size of the +parentheses is matched to the vertical extent of the expression. + +However, in all sorts of mathematical enterprises one may find oneself +needing a \csx{middle} command, to be used in expressions like +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\left\{ x \in \mathbb{N} \middle| x \mbox{ even} \right\} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\left\{ x\in \mathbb{N} \middle| + x \mbox{ even} \right\} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +to specify the set of even natural numbers. The % ! line break +\Qref*{\eTeX{} system}{Q-etex} +defines just such a command, but users of Knuth's original need some +support. Donald Arseneau's \Package{braket} package provides commands +for set specifications (as above) and for Dirac brackets (and bras and +kets). The package uses the \eTeX{} built-in command if it finds +itself running under \eTeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[braket.sty]\CTANref{braket} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-cancellation]{Cancelling terms in maths expressions} + +A technique used when explaining the behaviour of expressions or +equations (often for pedagogical purposes). The \Package{cancel} +package provides several variants of cancellation marks +(``\texttt{\textbackslash }'', ``\texttt{/}'' and ``\texttt{X}''), and +a means of cancelling `to' a particular value. + +Documentation of \Package{cancel} is in the package file. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[cancel.sty]\CTANref{cancel} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-mathsize]{Adjusting maths font sizes} + +In \plaintex{}, when you introduce a new font size you must also +declare what size fonts are to be used in mathematics with it. This +is done by declaring \csx{textfont}, \csx{scriptfont} and +\csx{scriptscriptfont} for the maths families you're using; all such +things are described in chapter~17 of the % line wrap! +\Qref*{\TeX{}book}{Q-tex-books} and in other books and +\Qref*{tutorials}{Q-man-tex} that discuss \plaintex{} in sufficient +detail. + +In \LaTeX{}, of course, all this stuff is automated: there is a scheme +that, for each (text) font size, determines what maths font sizes are +to be used. The scheme first checks a set of ``known'' text sizes, +for each of which maths sizes are declared in advance. If the text +size isn't ``known'', the script- and scriptscriptfont sizes are +calculated as fixed ratios of the tex font size. (The values used are +\csx{defaultscriptratio}\ensuremath{=}0.7, and +\csx{defaultscriptscriptratio}\ensuremath{=}0.5.) + +The fixed-ratio formula is capable of producing inconvenient results +(particularly if you are using fonts which \LaTeX{} believes are only +available in a fixed set of sizes). You may also want to replace +\LaTeX{}'s ideas altogether, for example by setting maths noticeably +larger or smaller than its surrounding text. For this purpose, the +\LaTeX{} command +\cmdinvoke{DeclareMathSizes}{\meta{tfs}}{\meta{ts}}{\meta{ss}}{\meta{sss}} +may be used (this is the same command that \LaTeX{} itself uses to +define its own set of sizes). This establishes (or re-establishes) +the maths font sizes to be used when the surrounding text font size is +\texttt{\meta{tfs}}; (\texttt{\meta{ts}} being the size used for +\csx{textfont}, \texttt{\meta{ss}} for \csx{scriptfont} and +\texttt{\meta{sss}} for \csx{scriptscriptfont}). + +For example, you might want to use a font with a smaller body height +than Computer Modern, but still prefer \acro{CM} math to any of the +alternatives. In this case, you might use: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{5} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to get 9pt maths when the surrounding body text is (nominal) 10pt. + +\csx{DeclareMathSizes} may only be used in the preamble of the +document: only one association is available for each text font size +for the whole document. The default settings are specified in +\File{fontdef.dtx} in the latex distribution, and are compiled into +\File{fontmath.ltx}; the arguments to the command are just numbers +(`\texttt{pt}' is assumed), but some of them are written using +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} abbreviations}{Q-ltxabbrv} for standard font sizes. +Beware simply copying (parts of) the \LaTeX{} definitions~--- since +they contain those internal abbreviations, they need to be treated as +\Qref{internal commands}{Q-atsigns}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fontdef.dtx]\CTANref{fontdef} +\item[fontmath.ltx]\CTANref{fontmath} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-mathlips]{Ellipses} +\keywords{\csx{dots} \csx{cdots} \csx{vdots} \csx{ddots}} + +Ellipses are commonly required, and \LaTeX{} natively supplies a fair +range (\csx{dots}, \csx{cdots}, \csx{vdots} and \csx{ddots}). By using +the \Package{graphics} package, one can change the slope of the +\csx{ddots} command, as in +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ ... \reflectbox{$\ddots$} ... $ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +While this works, it is not a recommended way of achieving the desired +result (see below). Moreover, \LaTeX{}'s range is not adequate to +everyone's requirements, and at least three packages provide +extensions to the set. + +The \AMSLaTeX{} bundle provides a range of ``semantically-named'' +ellipses, for use in different situations: \csx{dotsb} for use between +pairs of binary operators, \csx{dotsc} for use between pairs of commas, +and so on. + +The \Package{yhmath} package defines an \csx{adots} command, which is +the analogue of \csx{ddots}, sloping forwards rather than backwards. +The \Package{yhmath} package comes with a rather interesting font that +extends the standard \Package{cmex}; details are in the documentation. +The disadvantage of this setup is, that although \csx{adots} is merely +a macro, the package tries to load its own font and produces a +``missing font'' substitution warning message if you haven't installed +the font. + +The \Package{mathdots} package (besides fixing up the behaviour of +\AllTeX{} \csx{ddots} and \csx{vdots} when the font size changes) +provides an ``inverse diagonal'' ellipsis \csx{iddots} (doing the same +job as \Package{yhmath}'s \csx{adots}, but better). + +Documentation of \Package{yhmath} appears, processed, in the +distribution (thus saving you the bother of installing the package +before being able to read the documentation). Documentation of +\Package{mathdots} appears at the end the package file itself. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amslatex]\CTANref{amslatex} +\item[graphics.sty]Part of the \CTANref{graphics} bundle +\item[mathdots.sty]\CTANref{mathdots} +\item[yhmath \nothtml{\rmfamily}(fonts)]\CTANref{yhmath-fonts} +\item[yhmath \nothtml{\rmfamily}(macros)]\CTANref{yhmath-macros} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-limits]{Sub- and superscript positioning for operators} + +The commonest hand-written style for expressions is to place the limit +expressions on operators such as \csx{sum} and \csx{int} physically +above and below the operator. In \AllTeX{}, we write these limit +expressions using sub- and superscripts applied to the operator, but +they don't always appear in the ``handwritten'' way in \TeX{}'s +output. + +The reason is, that when an expression appears in non-display maths, +in running text (and is therefore in \TeX{} \csx{textstyle}), placing +the limits thus could lead to ragged line spacing (and hence +difficult-to-read text). It is therefore common (in \csx{textstyle}) +to place the limits as one would sub- and superscripts of variables. + +This is not universally satisfactory, so the primitive \csx{limits} is +provided: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$\sum\limits_{n=1}^{m} ...$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will place the limits right above and below the symbol (and be +blowed to the typography\dots{}). + +Contrariwise, you may wish to change the arrangement of the limits +when in \csx{displaystyle}. For this purpose, there's a corresponding +\csx{nolimits}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\[\sum\nolimits_{n=1}^{m} ...\] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will place the limits as they would be in \csx{textstyle}. + +Alternatively, one can manipulate the +\csx{textstyle}/\csx{displaystyle} state of the mathematics. To get +``\csx{limits} placement'' in inline maths, +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{m} ...$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and for ``\csx{nolimits} placement'' in display maths, +\csx{nolimits}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\[\textstyle\sum_{n=1}^{m} ...\] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will serve. Either of these forms may have effects other than on the +operator you're considering, but there are still those who prefer this +formulation. + +Remember, if you're % ! line break +\Qref*{declaring a special operator of your own}{Q-newfunction}, the +\AMSLaTeX{} functions (that you ought to be using) allow you to choose +how limits are displayed, at definition time. + +(Note that the macro \csx{int} normally has \csx{nolimits} built in to +its definition. There is an example in the \TeX{}book to show how odd +\csx{int}\csx{limits} looks when typeset.) + +\Question[Q-mathstext]{Text inside maths} + +When we type maths in \AllTeX{}, the letters from which we make up +ordinary text assume a special significance: they all become +single-letter variable names. The letters appear in italics, but it's +not the same sort of italics that you see when you're typing ordinary +text: a run of maths letters (for example ``here'') looks oddly +``lumpy'' when compared with the word written in italic text. The +difference is that the italic text is kerned to make the letters fit +well together, whereas the maths is set to look as if you're +multiplying \emph{h} by \emph{e} by \emph{r} by \emph{e}. The other +way things are odd in \TeX{} maths typing is that spaces are ignored: +at best we can write single words in this oddly lumpy font. + +So, if we're going to have good-looking text in amongst maths we're +writing, we have to take special precautions. If you're using +\LaTeX{}, the following should help. + +The simplest is to use \csx{mbox} or \csx{textrm}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$e = mc^2 \mbox{here we go again}$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The problem is that, with either, the size of the text remains firmly +at the surrounding text size, so that +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$z = a_{\mbox{other end}}$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +can look quite painfully wrong. + +The other simple technique, \csx{textrm}, is no more promising: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$z = a_{\textrm{other end}}$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +does the same as \csx{mbox}, by default. + +(The maths-mode instance of your roman font (\csx{mathrm}) gets the +size right, but since it's intended for use in maths, its spaces get +ignored~--- use \csx{mathrm} for upright roman alphabetic variable +names, but not otherwise.) + +You can correct these problems with size selectors in the text, as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$z = a_{\mbox{\scriptsize other end}}$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which works if your surrounding text is at default document size, but +gives you the wrong size otherwise. + +The \csx{mbox} short cut is (just about) \acro{OK} for ``occasional'' +use, but serious mathematics calls for a technique that +relieves the typist of the sort of thought required. As usual, the +\AMSLaTeX{} system provides what's necessary~--- the \csx{text} +command. (The command is actually provided by the \Package{amstext} +package, but the ``global'' \Package{amsmath} package loads it.) Thus +anyone using \AMSLaTeX{} proper has the command available, so even +this author can write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{amsmath} +... +$z = a_{\text{other end}}$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and the text will be at the right size, and in the same font as +surrounding text. (The \Package{amstext} package also puts +\csx{textrm} to rights~--- but \csx{text} is easier to type than +\csx{textrm}!) + +\AMSLaTeX{} also makes provision for interpolated comments in the +middle of one of its multi-line display structures, through the +\csx{intertext} command. For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{align} + A_1&=N_0(\lambda;\Omega')- + \phi(\lambda;\Omega'),\\ + A_2&=\phi(\lambda;\Omega')- + \phi(\lambda;\Omega),\\ +\intertext{and} + A_3&=\mathcal{N}(\lambda;\omega). +\end{align} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{align} + A_1&=N_0(\lambda;\Omega')-\phi(\lambda;\Omega'),\\ + A_2&=\phi(\lambda;\Omega')-\phi(\lambda;\Omega),\\ + \intertext{and} A_3&=\mathcal{N}(\lambda;\omega). +\end{align} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +places the text ``and'' on a separate line before the last line of the +display. If the interjected text is short, or the equations +themselves are light-weight, you may find that \csx{intertext} leaves +too much space. Slightly more modest is the \csx{shortintertext} +command from the \Package{mathtools} package: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{align} + a =& b + \shortintertext{or} + c =& b +\end{align} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +To have the text on the same line as the second equation, one can use +the \environment{flalign} environment (from \Package{amsmath}) +with lots of dummy equations (represented by the double \texttt{\&} +signs): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{flalign} + && a =& b && \\ + \text{or} && c =& b && +\end{flalign} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsmath.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{} + \CTANref{amslatex}[amsmath] +\item[amstext.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{} + \CTANref{amslatex}[amstext] +\item[mathtools.sty]Distributed as part of the \Package{mh} bundle + \CTANref{mh}[mathtools] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-reuseq]{Re-using an equation} + +To repeat an existing equation, one wants not only to have the same +mathematics in it, one also wants to re-use the original label it had. +The \Package{amsmath} package comes to our help, here: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{amsmath} +... +\begin{equation} + a=b + \label{eq1} +\end{equation} +... +Remember that +\begin{equation} + a=b + \tag{\ref{eq1}} +\end{equation} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Here, the second instance of \ensuremath{a=b} will be +typeset with a copy, made by the \csx{tag} command, of the label of the +first instance. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsmath.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{} + \CTANref{amslatex}[amsmath] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-brkinline]{Line-breaking in in-line maths} + +\TeX{}, by default, allows you to split a mathematical expression at +the end of the line; it allows breaks at relational operators (like +``='', ``\textless'', etc.) and at binary operators (like ``+'', +``-'', etc.). In the case of large expressions, this can sometimes be +a life-saver. + +However, in the case of simple expressions like \ensuremath{a=b+c}, a +break can be really disturbing to the reader, and one would like to +avoid it. + +Fortunately, these breaks are controllable: there are ``penalties'' +associated with each type of operator: the penalty + says how +undesirable a break at each point is. Default values are: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\relpenalty = 500 +\binoppenalty = 700 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +You make the break progressively less attractive by increasing these +values. You can actually forbid all breaks, everywhere, by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\relpenalty = 10000 +\binoppenalty = 10000 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +If you want just to prevent breaks in a single expression, write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{% + \relpenalty = 10000 + \binoppenalty = 10000 + $a=b+c$ +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and the original values will remain undisturbed outside the braces. +This is tedious: there is often value in an alternative approach, +in which you say which parts of the expression may not break whatever +happens, and fortunately this is surprisingly easy. Suppose we want +to defer a break until after the equality, we could write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +${a+b+c+d} = z+y+x+w$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The braces say ``treat this subformula as one atom'' and (in \TeX{} at +least) atoms don't get split: not a \csx{binoppenalty} change in sight. + +\Question[Q-mathonlyref]{Numbers for referenced equations only} + +There are those who consider that papers look untidy with numbers on +every equation; there is also a school of thought that claims that +there should be numbers everywhere, in case some reader wants to make +reference an equation to which the author made no cross-reference. + +If you hold to the ``only cross-referenced'' school of thought, you +can (using the \csx{nonumber} command on the relevant equations, or by +using the \AMSLaTeX{} unnumbered environments such as +\environment{equation*}) mark those of your equations to which you +make no reference. In a long or complex paper, this procedure could +well become deeply tedious. + +Fortunately, help is at hand: the \Package{mh} bundle's +\Package{mathtools} package offers a `\pkgoption{showonlyrefs}' +switch through its \csx{mathtoolsset} command; when that's in +operation, only those equations to which you make reference will be +numbered in the final output. See the package's documentation for +details of how to make references when the switch is in effect. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[mathtools.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mh}[mathtools] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-subheight]{Even subscript height} + +Other things being equal, \TeX{} will aim to position subscripts and +superscripts in places that ``look good''. Unfortunately, it only +does this for the sub- and superscripts of each atom at a time, so if +you have +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ X^{1}_{2} X_{2} $ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the second subscript will appear higher, since the first has moved +down to avoid the superscript; +the effect can be noticeably distracting: +\begin{quote} +\begin{typesetversion} + $ X^{1}_{2} X_{2} $ +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} + \includegraphics{faq-images1.png} +\end{htmlversion} +\end{quote} + +You can avoid the problem, for a single instance, by +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ X^{1}_{2} X^{}_{2} $ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +here, the dummy superscript has the requisite ``pushing down'' effect: +\begin{quote} +\begin{typesetversion} + $ X^{1}_{2} X^{}_{2} $ +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} + \includegraphics{faq-images2.png} +\end{htmlversion} +\end{quote} + +While this technique does what is necessary, it is tedious and +potentially error-prone. So, for more than one or two equations +in a document, the \LaTeX{} user is advised to use the +\Package{subdepth} package, which forces the lower position for all +subscripts. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[subdepth.sty]\CTANref{subdepth} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Lists} + +\Question[Q-enumerate]{Fancy enumeration lists} + +The \Package{enumerate} package allows you to control the display of +the enumeration counter. The package adds an optional parameter to +the \environment{enumerate} environment, which is used to specify the +layout of the labels. The layout parameter contains an enumeration +type (`\texttt{1}' for arabic numerals, `\texttt{a}' or `\texttt{A}' +for alphabetic enumeration, and `\texttt{i}' or `\texttt{I}' for Roman +numerals), and things to act as decoration of the enumeration. So, +for example +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumerate} +... +\begin{enumerate}[(a)] +\item ... ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +starts a list whose labels run (a), (b), (c), \dots{}; while +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumerate} +... +\begin{enumerate}[I/] +\item ... ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +starts a list whose labels run I/, II/, III/, \dots{} + +The \Package{paralist} package, whose primary purpose is % beware line break +\Qref*{compaction of lists}{Q-complist}, provides the same facilities +for its \environment{enumerate}-like environments. + +If you need non-stereotyped designs, the \Package{enumitem} package +gives you most of the flexibility you might want to design your own. +The silly roman example above could be achieved by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumitem} +... +\begin{enumerate}[label=\Roman{*}/] +\item ... ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that the `\texttt{*}' in the key value stands for the list +counter at this level. You can also manipulate the format of +references to list item labels: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumitem} +... +\begin{enumerate}[label=\Roman{*}/, + ref=(\roman{*})] +\item ... ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumitem} +... +\begin{enumerate}[label=\Roman{*}/, ref=(\roman{*})] +\item ... ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +to make references to the list items format appear as (i), (ii), +(iii), etc. + +The \Class{memoir} class includes functions that match those in the +\Package{enumerate} package, and has similar functionality for +\environment{itemize} lists. +%% It is possible (if not particularly convenient) to do the same thing +%% yourself. Suppose you want your top-level \environment{enumerate}s to +%% be labelled I/, II/, III/, \dots{}, then give these commands: +%% \begin{verbatim} +%% \renewcommand{\theenumi}{\Roman{enumi}} +%% \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi/} +%% \end{verbatim} +%% The possible styles of numbering are given in Section~6.3 of Lamport's +%% book (see \Qref[question]{\TeX{}-related books}{Q-book-lists}). Both +%% \csx{theenumi} and \csx{labelenumi} must be changed, since +%% \csx{theenumi} is used in cross-references to the list. +%% +%% For lower level \environment{enumerate}s, replace |enumi| by |enumii|, +%% |enumiii| or |enumiv|, according to the level. If your label is much +%% larger than the default, you should also change \csx{leftmargini}, +%% \csx{leftmarginii}, \emph{etc}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[enumerate.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[enumerate] +\item[enumitem.sty]\CTANref{enumitem} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[paralist.sty]\CTANref{paralist} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-complist]{How to adjust list spacing} + +\Qref*{Lamport's book}{Q-latex-books} lists various +parameters for the layout of list (things like \csx{topsep}, +\csx{itemsep} and \csx{parsep}), but fails to mention that they're set +automatically within the standard (\latex{}-defined) lists. This +happens because each list +executes a command \csx{@list}\texttt{\meta{depth}} (the depth +appearing as a lower-case roman numeral); what's more, the top-level +\csx{@listi} is usually reset when the font size is changed. As a +result, it's rather tricky for +the user to control list spacing. Of course, the real answer is to use +a document class designed with more modest list spacing, but we all +know such things are hard to come by. The \Class{memoir} class doesn't +provide more compact lists, but offers the user control over the list +spacing using \csx{firmlist} and \csx{tightlist} (and \texttt{*}-ed +versions of them); see section~8.6 of the memoir manual. + +There are packages that provide some control of list spacing, but they +seldom address the separation from surrounding text (defined by +\csx{topsep}). The \Package{expdlist} package, among its many controls +of the appearance of \environment{description} lists, offers a +compaction parameter (see the documentation); the \Package{mdwlist} +package offers a \csx{makecompactlist} command for users' own list +definitions, and uses it to define compact lists +\environment{itemize*}, \environment{enumerate*} and +\environment{description*}. In fact, you can write lists such as +these commands define pretty straightforwardly~--- for example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{itemize*}% + {\begin{itemize}% + \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% + \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}% + {\end{itemize}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \Package{paralist} package provides several approaches to list +compaction: +\begin{itemize} +\item its \environment{asparaenum} environment formats each item as if + it were a paragraph introduced by the enumeration label (which saves + space if the item texts are long); +\item its \environment{compactenum} environment is the same sort of + compact list as is provided in \Package{expdlist} and + \Package{mdwlist}; and +\item its \environment{inparaenum} environment produces a list ``in + the paragraph'', i.e., with no line break between items, which is a + great space-saver if the list item texts are short. +\end{itemize} +The package will manipulate its \environment{enumerate} environment +labels just like the \Qref*{\Package{enumerate} package}{Q-enumerate} +does. + +\Package{Paralist} also provides \environment{itemize} equivalents +(\environment{asparaitem}, etc.), and \environment{description} +equivalents (\environment{asparadesc}, etc.). + +The \Package{multenum} package offers a more regular form of +\Package{paralist}'s \environment{inparaenum}; you define a notional +grid on which list entries are to appear, and list items will always +appear at positions on that grid. The effect is somewhat like that of +the `tab' keys on traditional typewriters; the package was designed +for example sheets, or lists of answers in the appendices of a book. + +The \Package{expdlist}, \Package{mdwlist} and \Package{paralist} +packages all offer other facilities for list configuration: you should +probably not try the ``do-it-yourself'' approaches outlined below if +you need one of the packages for some other list configuration +purpose. + +For ultimate flexibility (including manipulation of \csx{topsep}), the +\Package{enumitem} package permits adjustment of list parameters using +a ``\emph{key}\latexhtml{\ensuremath{=}}{=}\meta{value}'' format. +For example, one might write +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumitem} +... +\begin{enumerate}[topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt] +\item ... +\item ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to suppress all spacing above and below your list, or +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{enumitem} +... +\begin{enumerate}[itemsep=2pt,parsep=2pt] +\item ... +\item ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to set spacing between items and between paragraphs within items. +\Package{Enumitem} also permits manipulation of the label format in a +more ``basic'' (and therefore more flexible) manner than the % ! line break +\Qref*{\Package{enumerate} package}{Q-enumerate} does. + +The ultimate in compaction (of every sort) is offered by the +\Package{savetrees} package; compaction of lists is included. The +package's prime purpose is to save space at every touch and turn: +don't use it if you're under any design constraint whatever! +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[enumerate.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[enumitem] +\item[enumitem.sty]\CTANref{enumitem} +\item[expdlist.sty]\CTANref{expdlist} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[memoir \nothtml{\rmfamily}manual]\CTANref{memoir-man} +\item[mdwlist.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[mdwlist] +\item[multenum.sty]\CTANref{multenum} +\item[paralist.sty]\CTANref{paralist} +\item[savetrees.sty]\CTANref{savetrees} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-30} + +\Question[Q-interruptlist]{Interrupting enumerated lists} + +It's often convenient to have commentary text, `outside' the list, +between successive entries of a list. In the case of +\environment{itemize} lists this is no problem, since there's never +anything to distinguish successive items, while in the case of +\environment{description} lists, the item labels are under the user's +control so there's no automatic issue of continuity. + +For \environment{enumerate} lists, the labels are generated +automatically, and are context-sensitive, so the context (in this +case, the state of the enumeration counter) needs to be preserved. + +The belt-and-braces approach is to remember the state of the +enumeration in your own counter variable, and then restore it when +restarting enumerate: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{saveenum} + ... +\begin{enumerate} + ... + \setcounter{saveenum}{\value{enumi}} +\end{enumerate} +<Commentary text> +\begin{enumerate} + \setcounter{enumi}{\value{saveenum}} + ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +This is reasonable, in small doses\dots{} Problems (apart from sheer +verbosity) are getting the level right (``should I use counter +\texttt{enumi}, \texttt{enumii}, \dots{}'') and remembering not to +nest the interruptions (i.e., not to have a separate list, that is +itself interrupted) in the ``commentary text''). + +The \Package{mdwlist} package defines commands \csx{suspend} and +\csx{resume} that simplify the process: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate} + ... +\suspend{enumerate} +<Commentary text> +\resume{enumerate} + ... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The package allows an optional name (as in +\cmdinvoke{suspend}[id]{enumerate}) to allow you to identify a +particular suspension, and hence provide a handle for manipulating +nested suspensions. + +If you're suspending a \Qref*{fancy-enumeration list}{Q-enumerate}, +you need to +re-supply the optional ``item label layout'' parameters required by +the \Package{enumerate} package when resuming the list, whether by the +belt-and-braces approach, or by the \Package{mdwlist} +\cmdinvoke{resume}{enumerate} technique. The task is a little tedious +in the \Package{mdwlist} case, since the optional argument has to be +encapsulated, whole, inside an optional argument to \csx{resume}, +which requires use of extra braces: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate}[\textbf{Item} i] + ... +\suspend{enumerate} +<comment> +\resume{enumerate}[{[\textbf{Item} i]}] +... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\nothtml{\noindent}The \Package{enumitem} package, in its most recent +release, will also allow you to resume lists: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate} +... +\end{enumerate} +<comment> +\begin{enumerate}[resume] +... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which feels just as ``natural'' as the \Package{mdwtools} facility, +and has the advantage of playing well with the other excellent +facilities of \Package{enumitem}. + +\Package{Expdlist} has a neat way of providing for comments, with its +\csx{listpart} command. The command's argument becomes a comment +between items of the list: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate} +\item item 1 +\item item 2 + \listpart{interpolated comment} +\item item 3 +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This, you will realise, means it doesn't even have to think about +suspending or resuming the list, and of course it works equally well +in any of the list environments (thought it's not actually +\emph{necessary} for any but \environment{enumerate}). + +\Package{Enumitem} also allows multi-level suspension and resumption +of lists: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate} +\item outer item 1 +\end{enumerate} +<comment> +\begin{enumerate}[resume] +\item outer item 2 +% nested enumerate +\begin{enumerate} +\item inner item 1 +\end{enumerate} +<nested comment> +% resume nested enumerate +\begin{enumerate}[resume] +\item inner item 2 +\end{enumerate} +\item outer item 3 +% end outer enumerate +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +However, the `nested comment' interpolated in the nested enumeration +appears as if it were a second paragraph to ``outer item 2'', which is +hardly satisfactory. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[enumerate.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[enumerate] +\item[enumitem.sty]\CTANref{enumitem} +\item[expdlist.sty]\CTANref{expdlist} +\item[mdwlist.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[mdwlist] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Tables, figures and diagrams} + +\Question[Q-destable]{The design of tables} + +In recent years, several authors have argued that the examples, set +out by Lamport in his \Qref*{\LaTeX{} manual}{Q-latex-books}, have cramped +authors' style and have led to extremely poor table design. It is in +fact difficult even to work out what many of the examples in Lamport's +book ``mean''. + +The criticism focuses on the excessive use of rules (both horizontal +and vertical) and on the poor vertical spacing that Lamport's macros +offer. + +The problem of vertical spacing is plain for all to see, and is +addressed in several packages~--- see % beware line breaks +``\Qref*[question]{spacing of lines in tables}{Q-struttab}''. + +The argument about rules is presented in the excellent essay that +prefaces the documentation of Simon Fear's \Package{booktabs} package, +which (of course) implements Fear's scheme for `comfortable' rules. +(The same rule commands are implemented in the \Class{memoir} class.) + +Lamport's \LaTeX{} was also inflexibly wrong in ``insisting'' that +captions should come at the bottom of a table. Since a table may +extend over several pages, traditional typography places the caption +at the top of a table float. The \csx{caption} command will get its +position wrong (by \texttt{10pt}) if you simply write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} + \caption{Example table} + \begin{tabular}{...} + ... + \end{tabular} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \Package{topcapt} package solves this problem: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{topcapt} +... +\begin{table} + \topcaption{Example table} + \begin{tabular}{...} + ... + \end{tabular} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \Class{KOMA-script} classes provide a similar command +\csx{captionabove}; they also have a class option +\pkgoption{tablecaptionabove} which arranges that \csx{caption} +\emph{means} \csx{captionabove}, in table environments. The +\Package{caption} package may be loaded +with an option that has the same effect: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[tableposition=top]{caption} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or the effect may be established after the package has been loaded: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{caption} +\captionsetup[table]{position=above} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(Note that the two ``position'' options are different: actually, +``above'' and ``top'' in these contexts mean the same thing.) + +Doing the job yourself is pretty easy: \Package{topcapt} switches the +values of the \LaTeXe{} parameters \csx{abovecaptionskip} (default +value \texttt{10pt}) and \csx{belowcaptionskip} (default value +\texttt{0pt}), so: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} + \setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt} + \setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{10pt} + \caption{Example table} + \begin{tabular}{...} + ... + \end{tabular} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +does the job (if the length values are right; the package and classes +are more careful!). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[booktabs.sty]\CTANref{booktabs} +\item[caption.sty]\CTANref{caption} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[topcapt.sty]\CTANref{topcapt} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-08-19} + +\Question[Q-fixwidtab]{Fixed-width tables} + +There are two basic techniques for making fixed-width tables in +\LaTeX{}: you can make the gaps between the columns stretch, or you +can stretch particular cells in the table. + +Basic \LaTeX{} can make the gaps stretch: the \environment{tabular*} +environment takes an extra argument (before the \texttt{clpr} layout one) +which takes a length specification: you can say things like ``\texttt{15cm}'' +or ``\csx{columnwidth}'' here. You must also have an \csx{extracolsep} +command in the \texttt{clpr} layout argument, inside an \texttt{@\{\}} +directive. So, for example, one might have +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}lllr} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}% + {@{\extracolsep{\fill}}lllr} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +The \csx{extracolsep} applies to all inter-column gaps to its right as +well; if you don't want all gaps stretched, add +\cmdinvoke{extracolsep}{0pt} to cancel the original. + +The \Package{tabularx} package defines an extra \texttt{clpr} column +specification, \texttt{X}; \texttt{X} columns behave as \texttt{p} +columns which expand to fill the space available. If there's more +than one \texttt{X} column in a table, the spare space is distributed +between them. + +The \Package{tabulary} package (by the same author) provides a way of +``balancing'' the space taken by the columns of a table. The package +defines column specifications \texttt{C}, \texttt{L}, \texttt{R} and +\texttt{J}, giving, respectively, centred, left, right and +fully-justified versions of space-sharing columns. The package +examines how long each column would be ``naturally'' (i.e., on a piece of paper of unlimited width), and +allocates space to each column accordingly. There are ``sanity +checks'' so that really large entries don't cause everything else to +collapse into nothingness (there's a ``maximum width'' that any column +can exert), and so that tiny entries can't get smaller than a +specified minimum. Of course, all this work means that the package +has to typeset each row several times, so things that leave +``side-effects'' (for example, a counter used to produce a row-number +somewhere) are inevitably unreliable, and should not even be tried. + +The \Package{ltxtable} package combines the features of the +\Package{longtable} and \Package{tabularx} packages. It's important +to read the documentation, since usage is distinctly odd; the +distribution contains no more than a file \File{ltxtable.tex}, which you +should process using \LaTeX{}. Processing will give you a \File{.sty} +file as well as the \File{.dvi} or \File{.pdf} output containing the +documentation. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ltxtable.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{carlisle}[ltxtable] +\item[tabularx.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[tabularx] +\item[tabulary.sty]\CTANref{tabulary} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-varwidcol]{Variable-width columns in tables} + +This is a slightly different take on the problem addressed in +``\Qref*[question]{fixed-width tables}{Q-fixwidtab}''~--- here we have +a column whose size we can't absolutely predict when we design the +document. + +While the basic techniques (the \Package{tabularx}, \Package{tabulary} +and \Package{ltxtable} packages) are the same for this problem as for the +fixed-width \emph{table} problem, there's one extra tool that we can +call to our aid, which may be preferable in some situations. + +Suppose we have data in one column which we read from an external +source, and the source itself isn't entirely predictable. The data in +the column may end up pretty narrow in every row of the table, or it +may be wide enough that the table would run over the edge of the page; +however, we don't want to make the column as wide as possible ``just +in case'', by defining a fixed size for the table. We would like the +column to be as small as possible, but have the possibility to spread +to a maximum width and (if even that width is exceeded) turn into a +\texttt{p}-style column. + +The \Package{varwidth} package, discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*[question]{automatic sizing of minipages}{Q-varwidth}'', provides +a solution. If you load it together with the \LaTeX{} ``required'' +\Package{array} package, i.e.: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{array} +\usepackage{varwidth} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\Package{varwidth} defines a new column-type ``\texttt{V}'', which you +can use as follows: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{l V{3.5cm} r} + foo & blah & bar \\ + foo & blah blah & bar \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +when the second column ends up less than 3.5cm wide; +or you can use it as follows: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{l V{3.5cm} r} + foo & blah & bar \\ + foo & blah blah & bar \\ + foo & blah blah blah blah blah blah + & bar \\ +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +where the second column will end up noticeably wider, and will wrap to +a second line in the third row. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[array.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[array] +\item[varwidth.sty]\CTANref{varwidth} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-struttab]{Spacing lines in tables} + +\AllTeX{} mechanisms for maintaining the space between lines (the +``\emph{leading}'') rely on \TeX{}'s paragraph builder, which compares +the shape of consecutive lines and adjusts the space between them. + +These mechanisms can't work in exactly the same way when \AllTeX{} is +building a table, because the paragraph builder doesn't get to see the +lines themselves. As a result, tables sometimes typeset with lines +uncomfortably close together (or occasionally ridiculously far apart). + +Traditional (moving metal type) typographers would adjust the spacing +between lines of a table by use of a ``\emph{strut}'' (a metal +spacer). A \TeX{} user can do exactly the same thing: most macro +packages define a \csx{strut} command, that defines a space appropriate +to the current size of the text; placing a \csx{strut} command at the +end of a troublesome row is the simplest solution to the problem~--- +if it works. Other solutions below are \LaTeX{}-specific, but some +may be simply translated to \plaintex{} commands. + +If your table exhibits a systematic problem (i.e., every row is wrong +by the same amount) use \csx{extrarowheight}, which is defined by the +\Package{array} package: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{array}% in the preamble +... +\setlength{\extrarowheight}{length} +\begin{tabular}{....} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +To correct a single row whose maladjustment isn't corrected by a +\csx{strut} command, you can define your own, using +\cmdinvoke{rule}{0pt}{length}~--- which is a near approximation to the +command that goes inside a \csx{strut}. The \Package{bigstrut} package +defines a strut command that you can use for this purpose: +\csx{bigstrut} on its own opens up both above and below the current +line; \cmdinvoke{bigstrut}[t] opens up above the line, +\cmdinvoke{bigstrut}[b] opens up below the line. + +General solutions are available, however. The \Package{tabls} package +automatically generates an appropriately-sized strut at the end of +each row. Its disadvantages are that it's really rather slow in +operation (since it gets in the way of everything within tables) and +its (lack of) compatibility with other packages. + +The \Package{makecell} package provides a command \csx{gape} that may +be used to apply strut expansion for a single cell of a table: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{lll} + ... & \gape{cell contents} & ... \\ + ... +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The package's similar \csx{Gape} command provides the same function, +but with optional arguments that allow you to adjust the top and +bottom adjustment. + +To adjust every cell in whole tables, the +\cmdinvoke{setcellgapes}{\meta{value}} sets the adjustment value (an +optional argument of ``\texttt{t}'' or ``\texttt{b}'' restricts +adjustment to the top or bottom of each cell, respectively). Having +issued \csx{setcellgapes}, the command \csx{makegapedcells} switches +cell expansion on, and \csx{nomakegapedcells} switches it off again. + +The \Package{cellspace} package does a (possibly inferior) job by +defining a new table/array column type ``S'', which you apply to each +column specification. So, for example, +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{begin}{tabular}{l l l p{3cm}} +\end{quote} +would become +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{begin}{tabular}{Sl Sl Sl Sp{3cm}} +\end{quote} +and so on. This technique shows +promise of not interfering so much with other packages, but this +author has heard of no reports from the field. + +The \Package{booktabs} package comes with a thought-provoking essay +about how tables should be designed. Since table row-spacing problems +most often appear in collisions with rules, the author's thesis, +that \LaTeX{} users tend too often to rule their tables, is +interesting. The package provides rule commands to support the +author's scheme, but deals with inter-row spacing too. The most +recent release of \Package{booktabs} sports compatibility with +packages such as \Package{longtable}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[array.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[array] +\item[bigstrut.sty]\CTANref{bigstrut} +\item[booktabs.sty]\CTANref{booktabs} +\item[cellspace.sty]\CTANref{cellspace} +\item[makecell.sty]\CTANref{makecell} +\item[tabls.sty]\CTANref{tabls} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-05-02} + +\Question[Q-longtab]{Tables longer than a single page} + +Tables are, by default, set entirely in boxes of their own: as a +result, they won't split over a page boundary. Sadly, the world keeps +turning up tables longer than a single page that we need to typeset. + +For simple tables (whose shape is highly regular), the simplest +solution may well be to use the \environment{tabbing} environment, +which is slightly tedious to set up, but which doesn't force the whole alignment +onto a single page. + +The \Package{longtable} package builds the whole table (in chunks), in +a first pass, and then uses information it has written to the \extension{aux} +file during later passes to get the setting ``right'' (the package +ordinarily manages to set tables in just two passes). Since the +package has overview of the whole table at the time it's doing +``final'' setting, the table is set ``uniformly'' over its entire +length, with columns matching on consecutive pages. +\Package{longtable} has a reputation for failing to interwork with +other packages, but it does work with \Package{colortbl}, and its +author has provided the \Package{ltxtable} package to provide (most +of) the facilities of \Package{tabularx} (see +% beware line wrap +\Qref[question]{fixed-width tables}{Q-fixwidtab}) for long tables: +beware of its rather curious usage constraints~--- each long table +should be in a file of its own, and included by +\cmdinvoke*{LTXtable}{width}{file}. Since \Package{longtable}'s +multiple-page tables can't possibly live inside floats, the package +provides for captions within the \environment{longtable} environment +itself. + +A seeming alternative to \Package{ltxtable} is \Package{ltablex}; but +it is outdated and not fully functional. Its worst problem is its +strictly limited memory capacity (\Package{longtable} is not so +limited, at the cost of much complication in its code); +\Package{ltablex} can only deal with relatively small tables, it doesn't seem +likely that support is available; but its user interface is much +simpler than \Package{ltxtable}, so if its restrictions aren't a +problem for you, it may be worth a try. + +The \Package{supertabular} package starts and stops a +\environment{tabular} environment for each page of the table. As a +result, each `page worth' of the table is compiled independently, and +the widths of corresponding columns may differ on successive pages. +However, if the correspondence doesn't matter, or if your columns are +fixed-width, \Package{supertabular} has the great advantage of doing +its job in a single run. + +Both \Package{longtable} and \Package{supertabular} allow definition +of head- and footlines for the table; \Package{longtable} allows +distinction of the first and last head and foot. + +The \Package{xtab} package fixes some infelicities of +\Package{supertabular}, and also provides a ``last head'' facility +(though this, of course, destroys \Package{supertabular}'s advantage +of operating in a single run). + +The \Package{stabular} package provides a simple-to-use ``extension to +\environment{tabular}'' that allows it to typeset tables that run over +the end of a page; it also has usability extensions, but doesn't have +the head- and footline capabilities of the major packages. + +Documentation of \Package{ltablex} is to be found in the package file. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[longtable.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[longtable] +\item[ltablex.sty]\CTANref{ltablex} +\item[ltxtable.sty]Generate by running \CTANref{ltxtable} +\item[stabular.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{sttools}[stabular] +\item[supertabular.sty]\CTANref{supertabular} +\item[xtab.sty]\CTANref{xtab} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-tabcellalign]{How to alter the alignment of tabular cells} + +One often needs to alter the alignment of a tabular \texttt{p} (`paragraph') +cell, but problems at the end of a table row are common. With a +\texttt{p} cell that looks like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... & \centering blah ... \\ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +one is liable to encounter errors that complain about a ``misplaced +\csx{noalign}'' or ``\Qref*{extra alignment tab}{Q-altabcr}'', or the like. +The problem is that the command \texttt{\bsbs } means different things in +different circumstances: the \environment{tabular} environment +switches the meaning to a value for use in the table, and +\csx{centering}, \csx{raggedright} and \csx{raggedleft} all change the +meaning to something incompatible. Note that the problem only +arises in the last cell of a row: since each cell is set into a box, +its settings are lost at the \texttt{\&} (or \texttt{\bsbs }) that +terminates it. + +In the old days, the actual value of \texttt{\bsbs } that the +\environment{tabular} environment uses was only available as an +internal command. Nowadays, the value is a public command, and you +can in principle use it explicitly: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... & \centering blah ... \tabularnewline +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(but that's a rather verbose way of doing things). + +The \Package{array} package provides a command \csx{arraybackslash} +which restores \texttt{\bsbs } to its correct (within table) meaning; +the command may be used in \Package{array}'s ``field format'' preamble +specifications: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{...% + >{\centering\arraybackslash}% + p{50mm}} +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{... >{\centering\arraybackslash}p{50mm}} +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} + +The \csx{tabularnewline} and \csx{arraybackslash} commands are +(somewhat) modern additions to \LaTeX{} and the \Package{array} +package, respectively. In the unlikely event that neither is +available, the user may try the (old) solution which preserves the +meaning of \texttt{\bsbs }: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\PBS[1]{\let\temp=\\% + #1% + \let\\=\temp +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which one uses within a table as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... & \PBS\centering blah ... \\ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or in the preamble as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{...>{\PBS\centering}p{5cm}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[array.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[array] +\end{ctanrefs} +\nothtml{\vskip 0pt plus 4ex} + +\Question[Q-rulethk]{The thickness of rules in \LaTeX{} tables} + +The rules in a \LaTeX{} table are by default \texttt{0.4pt} thick; +this is in fact a default built in at the lowest level, and applies to +all rules (including those separating blocks of running text). + +Sometimes, however, we look at a table and find we want the rules to +stand out~--- perhaps to separate the text from the rest of the body +text, or to make the sections of the table stand out from one another. +However, a quick review of any \LaTeX{} manual will reveal no +technique for making any one rule stand out, and a little +experimentation shows that it is indeed pretty difficult to prevent +a change ``bleeding'' out to affect other rules in the same table. + +If you look at what we have to say on the % ! line break +\Qref*{design of tables}{Q-destable}, elsewhere +among these \acro{FAQ}s, and you may sense that the design of \LaTeX{} +simply skipped the issues surrounding table design: \emph{that's} +presumably why there's no facilities to help you. + +Specifically, the length \csx{arrayrulewidth} affects the thickness of +the rules (both horizontal and vertical) within both +\environment{tabular} and \environment{array} environments. If you +change from the default (see above) only as far as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{1pt} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the change is remarkably striking. However, really quite subtle user +level programming proves incapable of changing just \emph{one} rule: +it's necessary to delve into the (rather tricky) code of \csx{hline} +and \csx{cline} themselves. + +Fortunately, this job has already been done for the community: the +\Package{booktabs} package defines three different classes of rule +(\csx{toprule}, \csx{midrule} and \csx{bottomrule}), and the package +documentation offers hints on how to use them. You are +\emph{strongly} advised to read the documentation pretty carefully. + +The \Class{memoir} class includes the \Package{booktabs} package, and +repeats the documentation in its compendious manual. + +Note that none of the above mentions the issue of the weight of +vertical rules (except in passing). For the reasons, see the +documentation of the \Package{booktabs} package (again); vertical +rules in tables are in any case even more trickily coded than are +horizontal rules, and if their lack of configurability makes them +still less attractive, so much the better for the design of your +document. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[booktabs.sty]\CTANref{booktabs} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-textflow]{Flowing text around figures} + +There are several \LaTeX{} packages that purport to do this, but they +all have their limitations because the \TeX{} machine isn't really +designed to solve this sort of problem. Piet van Oostrum has +conducted a survey of the available packages; he recommends: +\begin{description} +\item[\texttt{floatflt}] \Package{floatflt} is an improved version + (for \LaTeXe{}) of \File{floatfig.sty}, and its syntax is: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{floatingfigure}[options]{width of figure} + figure contents +\end{floatingfigure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + \begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{begin}{floatingfigure}[\emph{options}]{\emph{figure width}}\\ + \mbox{}\qquad\emph{figure contents}\\ + \cmdinvoke{end}{floatingfigure} + \end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +There is a (more or less similar) \environment{floatingtable} +environment. + +The tables or figures can be set left or right, or alternating on +even/odd pages in a double-sided document. + +The package works with the \texttt{multicol} package, but doesn't work well +in the neighbourhood of list environments (unless you change your +\LaTeX{} document). +\item[\texttt{wrapfig}] \Package{wrapfig} has syntax: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{wrapfigure}[height of figure in lines]{l,r,...}[overhang]{width} + figure, caption, etc. +\end{wrapfigure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + \begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{begin}{wrapfigure}\texttt{\%}\\ + \mbox{}% + \qquad\qquad\texttt{[\emph{figure height in lines}]\%}\\ + \mbox{}% + \qquad\qquad\texttt{\{l,r,\emph{etc}\}[\emph{overhang}]\{\emph{width}\}}\\ + \mbox{}\qquad\emph{figure, caption, etc.}\\ + \cmdinvoke{end}{wrapfigure} + \end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} + The syntax of the \environment{wraptable} environment is similar. + + The \emph{\texttt{height}} may be omitted, in which case it will + be calculated from the size of the figure; the package will use + the greater of the specified and the + actual width. The \texttt{\{l,r,\emph{etc}.\}} parameter may + also be specified as \texttt{i}\emph{(nside)} or + \texttt{o}\emph{(utside)} for two-sided documents, and uppercase + may be used to indicate that the picture should float. The + overhang allows the figure to be + moved into the margin. The figure or table will entered into the + list of figures or tables if you use the \csx{caption} command. + + The environments do not work within list environments that end + before the figure or table has finished, but can be used in a + parbox or minipage, and in twocolumn format. + \item[\texttt{picins}] \Package{Picins} is part of a large bundle + that allows inclusion of pictures (e.g., with shadow boxes, + various \MSDOS{} formats, etc.). The command for inserting a + picture at the start of a paragraph is: +\begin{wideversion} + \begin{quote} + \csx{parpic}\texttt{(width,height)(x-off,y-off)[Options][Position]\{Picture\}}\\ + \emph{Paragraph text} + \end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + \begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke*{picins}(width,height)(x-off,y-off)\texttt{\%}\\ + \mbox{\qquad\qquad}\texttt{[\emph{options}][\emph{position}]\%}\\ + \mbox{\qquad\qquad}\texttt{\{\emph{Picture}\}}\\ + \emph{Paragraph text} + \end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} + All parameters except the \emph{Picture} are optional. The picture + can be positioned left or right, boxed with a rectangle, oval, + shadowbox, dashed box, and a caption can be given which will be + included in the list of figures. + + Unfortunately (for those of us whose understanding of German is not + good), the documentation is in German. Piet van Oostrum has written + a summary in English. +\end{description} +All of the above deal insertions at one or other margin; they are able +to take advantage of the \tex{} \csx{parshape} primitive that allows +you to adjust the margins of the text of a paragraph, by line (Knuth +provides an example of such use, with text typeset in a circle, +half-overlapping the margin, in chapter~14 of the \tex{}book). To +place insertions in the middle of a paragraph requires effort of an +entirely different sort; the \Package{cutwin} package does this for +you. It requires a set of ``part line widths'' (two per line), and +typesets the ``cutout'' section of the paragraph line by line. The +examples in the package documentation look enticing. + +\plaintex{} users only have one option: \Package{figflow} (which +doesn't work in \LaTeX{}). \Package{Figflow} only offers flowed +figures at the start of the paragraph, but it seems perfectly +functional. Syntax is +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke*{figflow}{\meta{width}}{\meta{height}}{\meta{figure}} +\end{quote} +(the user is responsible for having the dimensions correct, and for +ensuring the figure fits on the page). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[cutwin.sty]\CTANref{cutwin} +\item[figflow.tex]\CTANref{figflow} +\item[floatflt.sty]\CTANref{floatflt} +\item[picins.sty]\CTANref{picins} +\item[picins \nothtml{\rmfamily}documentation summary]\CTANref{picins-summary} +\item[wrapfig.sty]\CTANref{wrapfig} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2009-06-11} + +\Question[Q-slashbox]{Diagonal separation in corner cells of tables} +\keywords{tabular} + +You want to label both the top or bottom row and the left- or +rightmost column, somewhere at the corner of the table where the row +and column meet. A simple way to achieve the result is to construct +the table with an arrangement of rules (and possibly \csx{multicolumn} +entries), to look like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +----------------- +x y + -------------- + 1 2 3 4 5 +----------------- +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +----------------- +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +However, this doesn't satisfy everyone: many want the labelling in a +single cell at the top left of the table. It sounds a simple enough +requirement, yet it calls for some slightly tricky \LaTeX{} coding. +The \Package{diagbox} package does this job for you: it defines a +command \csx{diagbox} whose two arguments provide the texts to be +used; an optional argument may be used for fine tuning of the result. +It draws a picture with the two labels on either side of a slanting +line; the command (and hence the picture) may be placed in the corner +cell, where the labelled row and column meet. + +The \Package{diagbox} package supersedes \Package{slashbox}; the older +package's commands \csx{slashbox} and \csx{backslashbox} are provided +in a compatible way in the newer package, to ease transition. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[diagbox.sty]\CTANref{diagbox} +\item[slashbox.sty]\CTANref{slashbox} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2010-11-22} + +\Question[Q-wholerow]{How to change a whole row of a table} + +Each cell of a table is set in a box, so that a change of font style +(or whatever) only lasts to the end of the cell. If one has a +many-celled table, or a long one which needs lots of rows emphasising, +putting a font style change command in every cell will be impossibly +tedious. + +With the \Package{array} package, you can define column modifiers +which will change the font style for a whole \emph{column}. However, +with a bit of subtlety, one can make such modifiers affect rows rather +than columns. So, we set things up by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{array} +\newcolumntype{$}{>{% + \global\let\currentrowstyle\relax}% +} +\newcolumntype{^}{>{\currentrowstyle}} +\newcommand{\rowstyle}[1]{% + \gdef\currentrowstyle{#1}% + #1\ignorespaces +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{array} +\newcolumntype{$}{>{\global\let\currentrowstyle\relax}} +\newcolumntype{^}{>{\currentrowstyle}} +\newcommand{\rowstyle}[1]{\gdef\currentrowstyle{#1}% + #1\ignorespaces +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +Now, we put `\texttt{\$}' before the first column specifier; and we +put `\texttt{\textasciicircum }' +before the modifiers of subsequent ones. We then use \csx{rowstyle} at +the start of each row we want to modify: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|$l|^l|^l|} \hline + \rowstyle{\bfseries} + Heading & Big and & Bold \\ \hline + Meek & mild & entry \\ + Meek & mild & entry \\ + \rowstyle{\itshape} + Strange & and & italic \\ + Meek & mild & entry \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \Package{array} package works with several other +\environment{tabular}-like environments from other packages (for +example \environment{longtable}), but unfortunately this trick won't +always work. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[array.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[array] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-multirow]{Merging cells in a column of a table} + +It's easy to come up with a table design that requires a cell that +spans several rows. An example is something where the left-most +column labels the rest of the table; this can be done (in simple +cases) by using % beware line break +\Qref*{diagonal separation in corner cells}{Q-slashbox}, but that +technique rather strictly limits what can be used as the content of +the cell. + +The \Package{multirow} package enables you to construct such multi-row +cells, in a very simple manner. For the simplest possible use, one +might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} +\hline +\multirow{4}{*}{Common g text} + & Column g2a\\ + & Column g2b \\ + & Column g2c \\ + & Column g2d \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and \Package{multirow} will position ``Common g text'' at the vertical +centre of the space defined by the other rows. Note that the rows +that don't contain the ``multi-row'' specification must have empty +cells where the multi-row is going to appear. + +The ``\texttt{*}'' may be replaced by a column width specification. In this +case, the argument may contain forced line-breaks: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} +\hline +\multirow{4}{25mm}{Common\\g text} + & Column g2a\\ + & Column g2b \\ + & Column g2c \\ + & Column g2d \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +A similar effect (with the possibility of a little more +sophistication) may be achieved by putting a smaller table that lines +up the text into a \texttt{*}-declared \csx{multirow}. + +The \csx{multirow} command may also used to write labels vertically +down one or other side of a table (with the help of the +\Package{graphics} or \Package{graphicx} package, which provide the +\csx{rotatebox} command): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} +\hline +\multirow{4}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{hi there}} + & Column g2a\\ + & Column g2b \\ + & Column g2c \\ + & Column g2d \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(which gives text going upwards; use angle \texttt{-90} for text going +downwards, of course). + +To make a \csx{multicolumn} multi-row ``cell'' in a table, you have to +enclose a \csx{multirow} inside a \csx{multicolumn}~--- the other way +around does not work, so: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\hline +\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{combined cells}} + &top right\\ \cline{3-3} +\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} + &middle right\\ \hline +bottom left + &bottom center + &bottom right\\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\hline +\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}% + {combined cells}} + &top right\\ \cline{3-3} +\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} + &middle right\\ \hline +bottom left + &bottom center + &bottom right\\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +\Package{Multirow} is set up to interact with the \Package{bigstrut} +package (which is also discussed in the answer to % beware line break +\Qref[question]{spacing lines in tables}{Q-struttab}). You use an +optional argument to the \csx{multirow} command to say how many of the +rows in the multi-row have been opened up with \csx{bigstrut}. + +The documentation of both \Package{multirow} and \Package{bigstrut} is +to be found, as comments, in the package files themselves. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bigstrut.sty]\CTANref{bigstrut} +\item[multirow.sty]\CTANref{multirow} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Floating tables, figures, etc.} + +\Question[Q-floatpages]{Floats on their own on float pages} + +It's sometimes necessary to force a float to live on a page by itself. +(It's sometimes even necessary for \emph{every} float to live on a +page by itself.) When the float fails to `set', and waits for the end +of a chapter or of the document, the natural thing to do is to declare +the float as +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{begin}{figure}[p!] +\end{quote} +but the overriding \texttt{!} modifier has no effect on float page floats; so +you have to make the float satisfy the parameters. +\Qref[Question]{Moving tables and figures}{Q-floats} offers some +suggestions, but doesn't solve the one-float-per-page question. + +The `obvious' solution, using the counter \texttt{totalnumber} +(``total number of floats per page'') doesn't work: +\texttt{totalnumber} only applies to floats on `text' pages (pages +containing text as well as one or more float). So, to allow any +size float to take a whole page, set \csx{floatpagefraction} really +small, and to ensure that no more than one float occupies a page, make +the separation between floats really big: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.001} +\makeatletter +\setlength\@fpsep{\textheight} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-wideflt]{Centring a very wide figure or table} + +The normal means of centring a figure or table object is to include +\csx{centering} at the top of the float. This doesn't help if the +object is wider than \csx{textwidth}~--- the object starts at the left +margin and juts out into the right margin (which is actually doubly +unsatisfactory, since as well as looking bad, the float won't be +placed until the next \csx{clearpage} or the like.) + +You can avoid the problem by rescaling the figure or table to fit, but +this is often not satisfactory, for several reasons. + +Otherwise, if the object is wider than the printable area of the page, +you've no choice other than to \Qref*{rotate it}{Q-landscape}. If, +however, the object is \emph{just} wider than the text block, you can +make it pretend to be the right size by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \noindent + \makebox[\textwidth]{\includegraphics{my-wide-figure}}% + \caption{This figure juts out into both margins} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \noindent + \makebox[\textwidth]{% + \includegraphics{my-wide-figure}% + }% + \caption{This figure juts out into both margins} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +Note the \csx{noindent}: the \csx{makebox} starts a paragraph, and you +really don't want that indented by \csx{parindent}. + +\Question[Q-2colfloat]{Placing two-column floats at bottom of page} + +You specified placement `\texttt{[htbp]}' for your full-width figure or +table, but they always get placed at the top of the page\dots{} Well, +it \emph{is} what the documentation says: \LaTeX{}, unadorned, only +allows full-width floats at the top of a page, or occupying (part of) a +float page. + +The \Package{stfloats} package ameliorates the situation somewhat, and +makes \LaTeX{} honour `[b]' placement as well; the +\Package{dblfloatfix} package combines a tidied version of the changes +made in \Package{stfloats} with the +\begin{narrowversion} % non-hyper + float ordering corrections defined in \Package{fixltx2e} + (\Qref{}{Q-2colfltorder}). +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} % hyper + \Qref{float ordering corrections}{Q-2colfltorder} defined in + \Package{fixltx2e}. +\end{wideversion} + +A particular problem with \Package{stfloats} and \Package{dblfloatfix} +is that the float will appear, at its earliest, on the page after it +is specified. This has two undesirable side-effects: first, there may +be no bottom float on the first page of a document, and second, float +numbers may become ``entangled'' (particularly if you're using +\Package{dblfloatfix} that ensures that the early-specified bottom +float is set \emph{before} any single column floats). + +(The \acro{FAQ} team doesn't know of any package that will make +\LaTeX{} honour `[h]' placement of double-column floats, but the +\Package{midfloat} package can be pressed into service to provide +something approximating the effect it would have.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dblfloatfix.sty]\CTANref{dblfloatfix} +\item[midfloat.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{sttools}[midfloat] +\item[stfloats.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{sttools}[stfloats] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-mcfloat]{Floats in multicolumn setting} + +If you use +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + ... +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +in a \environment{multicols} environment, the figure won't appear. If +instead you use +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure*} + ... +\end{figure*} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the figure will stretch right across the page (just the same as a +\environment{figure*} in standard \LaTeX{}'s \pkgoption{twocolumn} option). + +It's possible to have single-column figures and tables with captions, +using the `\texttt{[H]}' placement option introduced by the \Package{float} +package but you might have to fiddle with the placement because they +won't `float', and exhibit other strange behaviours (such as silently +running off the end of the column at the end of the +\environment{multicols} environment). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\item[multicol.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[multicol] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-dpfloat]{Facing floats on 2-page spread} + +If a pair of floats need to be forced to form a 2-page spread (in a +book, or whatever), the first must lie on the left side of the spread, +on an even-numbered page. The \Package{dpfloat} package provides for +this: the construction to use is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure}[p] + \begin{leftfullpage} + <left side figure> + \end{leftfullpage} +\end{figure} +\begin{figure}[p] + \begin{fullpage} + <right side figure> + \end{fullpage} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The construction has no effect on documents with class option +\pkgoption{oneside} (\pkgoption{twoside} is the default for +\Class{book} class). + +A special case of this requirement places the caption for a float on +the next page. (This is useful if you have a float that ``only just'' +fits the page.) You can (with a certain amount of twiddling) make +this work with \Package{dpfloat}, but the \Package{fltpage} package is +specially designed for the job: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[twoside]{article} +\usepackage[leftFloats]{fltpage} +\begin{document} +... +\begin{FPfigure} + \includegraphics{my-huge-figure} + \caption{Whew! That was a big one!} +\end{FPfigure} +... +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +That example should produce a caption +\begin{quote} + Figure \meta{n} \emph{(facing page)}: Whew! \dots{} +\end{quote} +(Note, however, that the package is an old one, and declares itself to +be a beta release, and contains no valid licence statement so that it +is not in \texlive{}. It seems to work, but\dots{}) + +A alternative route is the ``continued'' mechanism of the +\Package{caption} package. The \csx{ContinuedFloat} macro makes a +small tweak to the next \csx{caption} command, so that the command +makes no increment to the caption number. This does not (of course) +have any effect on actual placement of the float, but it makes the +caption texts read `sensibly': +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} + \caption{A table} + ... +\end{table} +... +\begin{table}\ContinuedFloat + \caption{A table (cont.)} + ... +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which would produce: +\begin{quote} + Table 3: A table + \dots + Table 3: A table (cont.) +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[caption.sty]\CTANref{caption} +\item[dpfloat.sty]\CTANref{dpfloat} +\item[fltpage.sty]\CTANref{fltpage} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-01} + +\Question[Q-vertposfp]{Vertical layout of float pages} + +By default, \LaTeX{} vertically centres the floats on a float page; +the present author is not alone in not liking this arrangement. +Unfortunately, the control of the positioning is ``buried'' in +\LaTeX{}-internal commands, so some care is needed to change the +layout. + +Float pages use three \LaTeX{} lengths (i.e., \TeX{} skips) to define +their layout: +\begin{description} +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}\csx{@fptop}] defines the distance from the + top of the page to the top of the first float, +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}\csx{@fpsep}] defines the separation between + floats, and +\item[\nothtml{\normalfont}\csx{@fpbot}] defines the distance from the + bottom of the last float on the page to the bottom of the page. +\end{description} +(In fact, the output routine places a skip of \csx{@fpsep} above each float, so +the \csx{@fptop} skip is always followed by a correction for that.) + + +The \LaTeX{} defaults are: +\begin{quote} + \csx{@fptop} = \texttt{0pt + 1fil}\\ + \csx{@fpsep} = \texttt{8pt + 2fil}\\ + \csx{@fpbot} = \texttt{0pt + 1fil}\\ +\end{quote} +so that the gaps expand to fill the space not occupied by floats, but +if there is more than one float on the page, the gap between them will +expand to twice the space at top and bottom. + +Those who understand this stuff will be able to play elaborate games, +but the commonest requirement, that the floats start at the top of the +page, is a simple thing to do: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\setlength{\@fptop}{0pt} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Surprisingly, you may find this setting leaves your floats too high on +the page. One can justify a value of \texttt{5pt} (in place of +\texttt{0pt})~--- it's roughly the difference between \csx{topskip} +and the height of normal (\texttt{10pt}) text. + +Note that this is a ``global'' setting (best established in a class +file, or at worst in the document preamble); making the change for a +single float page is likely (at the least) to be rather tricky. + +\Question[Q-figurehere]{Figure (or table) \emph{exactly} where I want it} + +This is of course a contradiction: \environment{figure} and +\environment{table} are \emph{designed} to float, and will always have +the potential to appear away from where you asked for them. Therefore +you have to find a means of getting the caption and other effects +without allowing the figure or table to float. + +The most straightforward way is to use one of the \Package{float} or +\Package{here} packages; they give you a \texttt{[H]} float placement +option that prevents floating: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics{foo} + \caption{caption text} + \label{fig:nonfloat} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +As the example shows, these \texttt{[H]} figures (and correspondingly, +tables) offer all you need to cross-reference as well as typeset. + +However, you don't actually \emph{have} to use \Package{float} (or +\Package{here}) since it is, in fact, doing rather little for you. +You can place your figure as you please, with a sequence like +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{center} + \includegraphics{foo} + \captionof{figure}{caption text} + \label{fig:nonfloat} +\end{center} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which relies on the \csx{captionof} command to place a caption in +ordinary running text. That command may be had from the extremely +simple-minded package \Package{capt-of} or from the highly +sophisticated \Package{caption} package. + +Using either method, you have to deal with the possibility of the +figure or table being too large for the page. (Floating objects will +float away in this circumstance; ``doing it by hand'', like this, you +take upon yourself the responsibility for avoiding % ! line break +`\textit{Overfull \csx{vbox}}' errors. + +A further problem is the possibility that such ``fixed floats'' will +overtake ``real floats'', so that the numbers of figures will be out +of order: figure 6 could be on page 12, while figure 5 had floated to +page 13. It's best, therefore, either to stay with floating figures +throughout a document, or to use fixed figures throughout. + +If it's really impossible to follow that counsel of perfection, you +can use the \Package{perpage} package's command \csx{MakeSorted} +command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{perpage} +\MakeSorted{figure} +\MakeSorted{table} +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and the sequence of float numbers is all correct. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[capt-of.sty]\CTANref{capt-of} +\item[caption.sty]\CTANref{caption} +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\item[here.sty]\CTANref{here} +\item[perpage.sty]Distributed as part \CTANref{bigfoot}[perpage] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Footnotes} + +\Question[Q-footintab]{Footnotes in tables} + +The standard \LaTeX{} \csx{footnote} command doesn't work in tables; +the table traps the footnotes and they can't escape to the bottom of +the page. As a result, you get footnote marks in the table, and +nothing else. + +This accords with common typographic advice: footnotes and tables are +reckoned not to mix. + +The solution, if you accept the advice, is to use ``table notes''. +The package \Package{threeparttable} provides table notes, and +\Package{threeparttablex} additionally supports them in +\environment{longtable}s. \Package{Threeparttable} works happily in +ordinary text, or within a \environment{table} float. + +The \Package{ctable} package extends the model of +\Package{threeparttable}, and also uses the ideas of the +\Package{booktabs} package. The \csx{ctable} command does the complete +job of setting the table, placing the caption, and defining the +notes. The ``table'' may consist of diagrams, and a parameter in +\csx{ctable}'s optional argument makes the float that is created a +``figure'' rather than a ``table''. + +If you really want ``real'' footnotes in tables, despite the expert +advice, you can: +\begin{itemize} +\item Use \csx{footnotemark} to position the little marker + appropriately, and then put in \csx{footnotetext} commands to fill in + the text once you've closed the \environment{tabular} environment. + This is described in Lamport's book, but it gets messy if there's + more than one footnote. +\item Stick the table in a \environment{minipage}. Footnotes in the + table then ``work'', in the \environment{minipage}'s style, with no + extra effort. (This is, in effect, somewhat like table notes, but + the typeset appearance isn't designed for the job.) +\item Use \Package{tabularx} or \Package{longtable} from the \LaTeX{} + tools distribution; they're noticeably less efficient than the + standard \environment{tabular} environment, but they do allow + footnotes. +\item Use \Package{tablefootnote}; it provides a command \csx{tablefootnote}, + which does the job without fuss. +\item Use \Package{footnote}, which provides an + \environment{savenotes} which collects all footnotes and emits them + at the end of the environment; thus if you put your + \environment{tabular} environment inside the environment, the + footnotes will appear as needed. Alternatively, you may use + \cmdinvoke{makesavenoteenv}{tabular} in the preamble of your + document, and tables will all behave as if they were inside a + \environment{savenotes} environment. +\item Use \Package{mdwtab} from the same bundle; it will handle + footnotes as you might expect, and has other facilities to increase + the beauty of your tables. Unfortunately, it may be incompatible + with other table-related packages, though not those in the standard `tools' + bundle. +\end{itemize} +All the techniques listed will work, to some extent, whether in a float or +in ordinary text. The author of this \acro{FAQ} answer doesn't actually +recommend any of them, believing that table notes are the way to go\dots{} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ctable.sty]\CTANref{ctable} +\item[footnote.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[footnote] +\item[longtable.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[longtable] +\item[mdwtab.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[mdwtab] +\item[tablefootnote.sty]\CTANref{tablefootnote} +\item[threeparttable.sty]\CTANref{threeparttable} +\item[threeparttablex.sty]\CTANref{threeparttablex} +\item[tabularx.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[tabularx] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-07} + +\Question[Q-ftnsect]{Footnotes in \LaTeX{} section headings} + +The \csx{footnote} command is fragile, so that simply placing the +command in \csx{section}'s arguments isn't satisfactory. Using +\csx{protect}\csx{footnote} isn't a good idea either: the arguments of a +section command are used in the table of contents and (more +dangerously) potentially also in page headers. While footnotes will +work in the table of contents, it's generally not thought a ``good +thing'' to have them there; in the page header, footnotes will simply +fail. Whatever the desirability of the matter, there's no mechanism +to suppress the footnote in the page header while allowing it in the table +of contents, so the footnote may only appear in the section heading itself. + +To suppress the footnote in headings and table of contents: +\begin{itemize} +\item Take advantage of the fact that the mandatory argument doesn't + `move' if the optional argument is present: + + \cmdinvoke{section}[title]% + \texttt{\{title}\cmdinvoke{footnote}{title ftnt}\texttt{\}} +\item Use the \Package{footmisc} package, with package option + \texttt{stable}~--- this modifies footnotes so that they softly and + silently vanish away if used in a moving argument. With this, you + simply need: +\begin{verbatim} +% in the document preamble +\usepackage[stable]{footmisc} +... +% in the body of the document +\section{title\footnote{title ftnt}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[footmisc.sty]\CTANref{footmisc} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-ftncapt]{Footnotes in captions} + +Footnotes in captions are especially tricky: they present problems of +their own, on top of the problems one experiences with +\Qref*{footnotes in section titles}{Q-ftnsect} (footnotes migrating to +to the list of figures or tables, or % ! line break +\Qref{apparently random errors}{Q-extrabrace} because +\csx{footnote} is a fragile command), and with % ! line break +\Qref*{footnotes in tables}{Q-footintab} (typically, the footnote +simply disappears). Fortunately, the requirement for footnotes in +captions is extremely rare: if you are experiencing problems, it is +worth reviewing what you are trying to say by placing this footnote: +other options are to place text at the bottom of the float, or to +place a footnote at the point where you refer to the float. + +Note that the \Package{threeparttable} scheme (see, again, % ! line break +\Qref[question]{footnotes in tables}{Q-footintab}) also applies +to notes in captions, and may very well be preferable to whatever you +were thinking of. + +If you \emph{are} going to proceed: +\begin{itemize} +\item use an optional argument in your \csx{caption} command, that + doesn't have the footnote in it; this prevents the footnote + appearing in the ``List of \dots{}'', and +\item put your whole float in a \environment{minipage} so as to keep + the footnotes with the float. +\end{itemize} +so we have: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} + ... + \caption[Compact Routing Example]% + {Compact Routing\footnote{something} Example} + \end{minipage} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} + ... + \caption[Compact Routing Example]% + {Compact Routing\footnote{something} + Example} + \end{minipage} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +So, we make an entry for the List of Figures, which doesn't hold +troublesome commands, such as \csx{footnote}. + +However, \emph{as well as} all of the above, one \emph{also} has to +deal with the tendency of the \csx{caption} command to produce the +footnote's text twice. For this last problem, there is no tidy +solution this author is aware of. + +If you're suffering the problem, a well-constructed \csx{caption} +command in a \environment{minipage} environment within a float (as +in the example above) can produce \emph{two} copies of the footnote +body ``something''. (In fact, the effect only occurs with captions that are +long enough to require two lines to be typeset, and so wouldn't appear +with such a short caption as that in the example above.) + +The documentation of the \Package{ccaption} package describes a really +rather awful work-around for this problem. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ccaption.sty]\CTANref{ccaption} +\item[threeparttable.sty]\CTANref{threeparttable} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-04-12} + +\Question[Q-repfootnote]{Footnotes whose texts are identical} + +If the \emph{same} footnote turns up at several places within a +document, it's often inappropriate to repeat the footnote in its +entirety over and over again. We can avoid repetition by +semi-automatic means, or by simply labelling footnotes that we know +we're going to repeat and then referencing the result. There is no +completely automatic solution (that detects and suppresses repeats) +available. + +If you know you only have one footnote, which you want to repeat, the +solution is simple: merely use the optional argument of +\csx{footnotemark} to signify the repeats: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +...\footnote{Repeating note} +... +...\footnotemark[1] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\dots{}\@ which is very easy, since we know there will only ever be a +footnote number 1. A similar technique can be used once the footnotes +are stable, reusing the number that \LaTeX{} has allocated. This can +be tiresome, though, as any change of typesetting could change the +relationships of footnote and repeat: labelling is inevitably better. + +Simple hand-labelling of footnotes is possible, using a counter dedicated +to the job: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{fnnumber} +... +...\footnote{Text to repeat}% +\setcounter{fnnumber}{\thefootnote}% +... +...\footnotemark[\thefnnumber] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +but this is somewhat tedious. \LaTeX{}'s labelling mechanism can be +summoned to our aid, but there are ugly error messages before the +\csx{ref} is resolved on a second run through \LaTeX{}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +...\footnote{Text to repeat\label{fn:repeat}} +... +...\footnotemark[\ref{fn:repeat}] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Alternatively, one may use the \csx{footref} command, which has the +advantage of working even when the footnote mark isn't expressed as a +number. The command is defined in the \Package{footmisc} package and +in the \Class{memoir} class (at least); \csx{footref} reduces the above +example to: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +...\footnote{Text to repeat\label{fn:repeat}} +... +...\footref{fn:repeat} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This is the cleanest simple way of doing the job. Note that the +\csx{label} command \emph{must} be inside the argument of +\csx{footnote}. + +The \Package{fixfoot} package takes away some of the pain of the +matter: you declare footnotes you're going to reuse, typically in the +preamble of your document, using a \csx{DeclareFixedFoot} command, and +then use the command you've `declared' in the body of the document: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareFixedFootnote{\rep}{Text to repeat} +... +...\rep{} +...\rep{} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The package ensures that the repeated text appears at most once per +page: it will usually take more than one run of \LaTeX{} to get rid of +the repeats. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fixfoot.sty]\CTANref{fixfoot} +\item[footmisc.sty]\CTANref{footmisc} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-multfoot]{More than one sequence of footnotes} + +The need for more than one series of footnotes is common in critical +editions (and other literary criticism), but occasionally arises in +other areas. + +Of course, the canonical critical edition package, \Package{edmac}, +offers the facility, as does its \LaTeX{} port, the \Package{ledmac} +package. + +Multiple ranges of footnotes are offered to \LaTeX{} users by the +\Package{manyfoot} package. The package provides a fair array of +presentation options, as well. Another critical edition +\Package{ednotes} package is built upon a basis that includes +\Package{manyfoot}, as its mechanism for multiple sets of footnotes. + +The \Package{bigfoot} package also uses \Package{manyfoot} as part of +its highly sophisticated structure of footnote facilities, which was +also designed to support typesetting critical editions. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bigfoot]\CTANref{bigfoot} +\item[edmac]\CTANref{edmac} +\item[ednotes]\CTANref{ednotes} +\item[ledmac]\CTANref{ledmac} +\item[manyfoot.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ncctools}[manyfoot] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-footnpp]{Footnotes numbered ``per page''} + +The obvious solution is to make the footnote number reset whenever the +page number is stepped, using the % ! line break +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} internal mechanism}{Q-addtoreset}. Sadly, the place +in the document where the page number is stepped is unpredictable, not +(``tidily'') at the end of the printed page; so changing the footnote +number only ever works by `luck'. + +As a result, resetting footnotes is inevitably a complicated process, +using labels of some sort. It's nevertheless important, given the +common requirement for footnotes marked by symbols (with painfully +small symbol sets). There are four packages that manage it, one way +or another. + +The \Package{perpage} and \Package{zref-perpage} packages provide a +general mechanism for resetting counters per page, so can obviously be +used for this task. The interface is pretty simple: +\cmdinvoke{MakePerPage}{footnote} (in \Package{perpage}) or +\cmdinvoke{zmakeperpage}{footnote} (in \Package{zref-perpage}). If +you want to restart the counter at something other than~1 (for example +to avoid something in the \LaTeX{} footnote symbol list), you can use: +\cmdinvoke{MakePerPage}[2]{footnote} (in \Package{perpage}) or +\cmdinvoke{zmakeperpage}[2]{footnote} (in \Package{zref-perpage}). +Note that you can also load \Package{zref-perpage} + +\Package{Perpage} is a compact and efficient package; +\Package{zref-perpage}, being a \Package{zref} ``module'', comes with +\Package{zref}'s general mechanism for extending the the +\csx{label}---\csx{[page]ref} of \latex{}, which can offer many other +useful facilities. + +The \Package{footmisc} package provides a variety of means of +controlling footnote appearance, among them a package option +\pkgoption{perpage} that adjusts the numbering per page; if you're +doing something else odd about footnotes, it means you may only need +the one package to achieve your ends. + +The \Package{footnpag} package also does per-page footnotes (and +nothing else). With the competition from \Package{perpage}, it's +probably not particularly useful any more. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[footmisc.sty]\CTANref{footmisc} +\item[footnpag.sty]\CTANref{footnpag} +\item[perpage.sty]Distributed as part \CTANref{bigfoot}[perpage] +%\item[zref.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[zref] +\item[zref-perpage.sty]Distributed as part of \Package{zref} in + \CTANref{oberdiek}[zref] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-run-fn-nos]{Not resetting footnote numbers per chapter} + +Some classes (for example, \Class{book} and \Class{report}) set up a +different set of footnotes per chapter, by resetting the footnote +number at the start of the chapter. This is essentially the same +action as that of % ! line break +\Qref*{equation, figure and table numbers}{Q-running-nos}, +except that footnote numbers don't get ``decorated'' with the chapter +number, as happens with those other numbers. + +The solution is the same: use the \Package{chngcntr} package; since the +numbers aren't ``decorated'' you can use the \csx{counterwithout*} +variant; the code: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\counterwithout*{footnote}{chapter} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +is all you need +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[chngcntr.sty]\CTANref{chngcntr} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Document management} + +\Question[Q-filename]{What's the name of this file} + +One might want this so as to automatically generate a page header or +footer recording what file is being processed. It's not easy\dots{} + +\TeX{} retains what it considers the name of the \emph{job}, only, in +the primitive \csx{jobname}; this is the name of the file first +handed to \TeX{}, stripped of its directory name and of any extension +(such as \extension{tex}). If no file was passed (i.e., you're using +\TeX{} interactively), \csx{jobname} has the value \texttt{texput} +(the name that's given to \extension{log} files in this case). + +This is fine, for the case of a small document, held in a single file; +most significant documents will be held in a bunch of files, and +\TeX{} makes no attempt to keep track of files input to the +\emph{job}. So the user has to keep track, himself~--- the only way +is to patch the input commands and cause them to retain details of the +file name. This is particularly difficult in the case of \plaintex{}, +since the syntax of the \csx{input} command is so peculiar. + +In the case of \LaTeX{}, the input commands have pretty regular +syntax, and the simplest \Qref*{patching techniques}{Q-patch} can be +used on them. (Note that latex{}'s \csx{input} command is itself a +patch on top of the \plaintex{} command. Our patches apply to the +\latex{} version of the command, which is used as \cmdinvoke*{input}{file}) + +%% If you only have one level of input (you never input things from a +%% file that was itself input), the job is almost trivial: +%% \begin{quote} +%% \begin{verbatim} +%% \def\ThisFile{\jobname} +%% \let\OldInput\input +%% \renewcommand{\input}[1]{% +%% \renewcommand{\ThisFile}{#1}% +%% \OldInput#1% +%% } +%% \end{verbatim} +%% \end{quote} +%% With that, the macro \csx{ThisFile} always contains the last thing +%% input: it starts pointing at the base file of your document +%% (\csx{jobname}), and thereafter changes every time you use +%% \cmdinvoke*{input}{file}. Note that this is not satisfactory if your +%% document contains things \emph{other} than \csx{input} commands. For +%% example, in: +%% \begin{quote} +%% \begin{verbatim} +%% \documentclass{article} +%% ... (macros above) +%% \begin{document} +%% \input{preamble} +%% <body of document> +%% \input{postamble} +%% \end{document} +%% \end{verbatim} +%% \end{quote} +%% \csx{ThisFile} contains ``\texttt{preamble}'' throughout the % !line break +%% \meta{body of document}. + +%% Most ordinary users will quickly become irritated with the simplicity +%% of of the \csx{ThisFile} mechanism above. The following code is more +%% cunning: it maintains details of the files you've `come through' to +%% get to where you are, and it restores \csx{ThisFile} to what the +%% previous file was before returning. +%% \begin{quote} +%% \begin{verbatim} +%% \def\ThisFile{\jobname} +%% \newcounter{FileStack} +%% \let\OrigInput\input +%% \renewcommand{\input}[1]{% +%% \stackinput{#1}{\OrigInput}% +%% } +%% \newcommand{\stackinput}[2]{% +%% \stepcounter{FileStack}% +%% \expandafter\let +%% \csname NameStack\theFileStack\endcsname +%% \ThisFile +%% \def\ThisFile{#1}% +%% #2#1% +%% \expandafter\let\expandafter +%% \ThisFile +%% \csname NameStack\theFileStack\endcsname +%% \addtocounter{FileStack}{-1}% +%% } +%% \end{verbatim} +%% \end{quote} +%% To do the same for \csx{include}, we need the simple addition: +%% \begin{quote} +%% \begin{verbatim} +%% \let\OrigInclude\include +%% \renewcommand{\include}[1]{% +%% \stackinput{#1}{\OrigInclude}% +%% } +%% \end{verbatim} +%% \end{quote} +%% Remember, both examples of patching \csx{input} assume you always use +%% \LaTeX{} syntax, i.e., always use braces around the argument. + +It is possible to keep track of the name of the file currently being +processed, but it's surprisingly difficult (these \acro{FAQ}s offered +code, for a long time, that just didn't work in many cases). + +The \Package{currfile} package provides a regular means of keeping +track of the details of the current file (its name in +\csx{currfilename}, directory in \csx{currfiledir}, as well as the +file `base' name (less its extension) and its extension). +\Package{Currfile} does this with the help of a second package, +\Package{filehook}, which spots file operations that use \csx{input}, +\csx{InputIfFileExists} and \csx{include}, as well as package and +class loading. + +The \Package{FiNK} (``File Name Keeper'') package keeps track of the +file name and extension, in a macro \csx{finkfile}. \Package{FiNK} is +now deprecated, in favour of \Package{currfile}, but remains available +for use in old documents. +% +%% If you need the +%% unadorned file name (without its `\extension{tex}'), use the commands: +%% \begin{quote} +%% \begin{verbatim} +%% \def\striptexext#1.tex{#1} +%% ... +%% \edef\ThisFile{\expandafter\stripext\finkfile} +%% \end{verbatim} +%% \end{quote} +% +The \Package{FiNK} bundle includes a \File{fink.el} that provides +support under \ProgName{emacs} with \acro{AUC}-\TeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[currfile.sty]\CTANref{currfile} +\item[filehook.sty]\CTANref{filehook} +\item[fink.sty]\CTANref{fink} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-filesused]{All the files used by this document} + +When you're sharing a document with someone else (perhaps as part of a +co-development cycle) it's as well to arrange that both correspondents +have the same set of auxiliary files, as well as the document in +question. Your correspondent obviously needs the same set of files +(if you use the \Package{url} package, she has to have \Package{url} +too, for example). But suppose you have a bug-free version of the +\Package{shinynew} package but her copy is still the unstable +original; until you both realise what is happening, such a situation +can be very confusing. + +The simplest solution is the \LaTeX{} \csx{listfiles} command. This +places a list of the files used and their version numbers in the log +file. If you extract that list and transmit it with your file, it can +be used as a check-list in case that problems arise. + +Note that \csx{listfiles} only registers things that are input by the +``standard'' \LaTeX{} mechanisms (\csx{documentclass}, \csx{usepackage}, +\csx{include}, \csx{includegraphics} and so on). +The \csx{input} command, as modified by \LaTeX{} and used, with +\LaTeX{} syntax, as: +\begin{verbatim} + \input{mymacros} +\end{verbatim} +records file details for \File{mymacros.tex}, but if you use \TeX{} +primitive syntax for \csx{input}, as: +\begin{verbatim} + \input mymacros +\end{verbatim} +\File{mymacros.tex} \emph{won't} be recorded, and so won't listed by +\csx{listfiles}~--- you've bypassed the mechanism that records its use. + +The \Package{snapshot} package helps the owner of a \LaTeX{} document +obtain a list of the external dependencies of the document, in a form +that can be embedded at the top of the document. The intended use of +the package is the creation of archival copies of documents, but it +has application in document exchange situations too. + +The \ProgName{bundledoc} system uses the \Package{snapshot} to produce an +archive (e.g., \extension{tar.gz} or \extension{zip}) of the files needed by your +document; it comes with configuration files for use with +\ProgName{teTeX} and \ProgName{\miktex{}}. It's plainly useful when +you're sending the first copy of a document. + +The \ProgName{mkjobtexmf} finds which files are used in a `job', +either via the \texttt{-recorder} option of \tex{}, or by using the +(Unix) command \ProgName{strace} to keep an eye on what \tex{} is +doing. The files thus found are copied (or linked) to a directory +which may then be saved for transmission or archiving. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bundledoc]\CTANref{bundledoc} +\item[mkjobtexmf]\CTANref{mkjobtexmf} +\item[snapshot.sty]\CTANref{snapshot} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-changebars]{Marking changed parts of your document} + +One often needs clear indications of how a document has changed, but +the commonest technique, ``change bars'' (also known as ``revision +bars''), requires surprisingly much +trickery of the programmer. The problem is that \TeX{} `proper' +doesn't provide the programmer with any information about the +``current position'' from which a putative start- or end-point of a +bar might be calculated. \PDFTeX{} \emph{does} provide that +information, but no \PDFTeX{}-based changebar package has been +published, that takes advantage of that. + +The simplest package that offers change bars is Peter Schmitt's +\Package{backgrnd.tex}; this was written as a \plaintex{} application +that patches the output routine, but it appears to work at least on +simple \LaTeX{} documents. Wise \LaTeX{} users will be alerted by the +information that \Package{backgrnd} patches their output routine, and +will watch its behaviour very carefully (patching the \LaTeX{} output +routine is not something to undertake lightly\dots{}). + +The longest-established \LaTeX{}-specific solution is the +\Package{changebar} package, +which uses \csx{special} commands supplied by the driver you're using. +You need therefore to tell the package which driver to you're using +(in the same way that you need to tell the \Package{graphics} +package); the list of available drivers is pretty +wide, but does not include \ProgName{dvipdfm}. The package comes with +a shell script \ProgName{chbar.sh} (for use on Unix machines) that +will compare two documents and generate a third which is marked-up +with \Package{changebar} macros to highlight changes. + +The shareware \ProgName{WinEDT} editor has a macro that will generate +\Package{changebar} (or other) macros to show differences from an +earlier version of your file, stored in an \ProgName{RCS}-controlled +repository~--- see +\URL{http://www.winedt.org/Macros/LaTeX/RCSdiff.php} + +The \Package{vertbars} package uses the techniques of the +\Package{lineno} package (which it loads, so the \Package{lineno} +itself must be installed); it's thus the smallest of the packages for +change bar marking, since it leaves all the trickery to another +package. \Package{Vertbars} defines a \environment{vertbar} +environment to create changebars. + +The \Package{framed} package is +another that provides bars as a side-effect of other desirable +functionality: its \environment{leftbar} environment is simply a +stripped-down frame (note, though, that the environment makes a +separate paragraph of its contents, so it is best used when the +convention is to mark a whole changed paragraph. + +Finally, the \Class{memoir} class allows marginal editorial comments, +which you can obviously use to delimit areas of changed text. + +An even more comprehensive way to keep track of changes is employed by +some word-processors~--- to produce a document that embodies both +``old'' and ``new'' versions. + +To this end, the package \Package{changes} allows the user to manually +markup changes of text, such as additions, deletions, or replacements. +Changed text is shown in a different colour; deleted text is crossed +out. The package allows you to define additional authors and their +associated colour; it also allows you to define a markup for authors +or annotations. The documentation (very clearly) demonstrates how the +various functions work. + +The \ProgName{Perl} script \ProgName{latexdiff} may also be used to +generate such markup for \LaTeX{} documents; you feed it the two +documents, and it produces a new \LaTeX{} document in which the +changes are very visible. An example of the output is embedded in the +documentation, +\begin{narrowversion} % actually non-hyperversion + \File{latexdiff-man.pdf}, in the distribution. +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} % actually hyperversion + \href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/support/latexdiff/latexdiff-man.pdf}{latexdiff-man.pdf} + (part of the distribution). +\end{wideversion} +A rudimentary revision facility is provided by another +\ProgName{Perl} script, \ProgName{latexrevise}, which accepts or rejects +all changes. Manual editing of the difference file can be used to +accept or reject selected changes only. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[backgrnd.tex]\CTANref{backgrnd} +\item[changebar.sty]\CTANref{changebar} +\item[changes.sty]\CTANref{changes} +\item[framed.sty]\CTANref{framed} +\item[latexdiff, latexrevise]\CTANref{latexdiff} +\item[lineno.sty]\CTANref{lineno} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[vertbars.sty]\CTANref{vertbars} +\item[winedt]\CTANref{winedt} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-conditional]{Conditional compilation and ``comments''} + +While \LaTeX{} (or any other \TeX{}-derived package) isn't really like a +compiler, people regularly want to do compiler-like things using it. +Common requirements are conditional `compilation' and `block +comments', and several \LaTeX{}-specific means to this end are available. + +The simple \cmdinvoke{newcommand}{\csx{gobble}}[1]\texttt{\{\}} +and \csx{iffalse}\texttt{ ... }\csx{fi} aren't really satisfactory (as +a general solution) for comments, since the matter being skipped is +nevertheless scanned by \TeX{}, not always as you would expect. The +scanning imposes restrictions on what you're allowed to skip; this may +not be a problem in \emph{today's} job, but could return to bite you +tomorrow. For an example of surprises that may come to bite you, +consider the following example (derived from real user experience): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\iffalse % ignoring this bit +consider what happens if we +use \verb+\iftrue+ -- a surprise +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \csx{iftrue} is spotted by \TeX{} as it scans, ignoring the +\csx{verb} command; so the \csx{iffalse} isn't terminated by the +following \csx{fi}. Also, \csx{gobble} is pretty inefficient at +consuming anything non-trivial, since all the matter to be skipped is +copied to the argument stack before being ignored. + +If your requirement is for a document from which whole chapters (or +the like) are missing, consider the \LaTeX{} +\csx{include}/\csx{includeonly} system. If you `\csx{include}' your +files (rather than \csx{input} them~--- see % line wrap! +\Qref[question]{What's going on in my \csx{include} commands?}{Q-include}), +\LaTeX{} writes macro traces of what's going on at the end of each +chapter to the \extension{aux} file; by using \csx{includeonly}, you can give +\LaTeX{} an exhaustive list of the files that are needed. Files that +don't get \csx{include}d are skipped entirely, but the document +processing continues as if they \emph{were} there, and page, footnote, +and other numbers are not disturbed. Note that you can choose which +sections you want included interactively, using the +\Package{askinclude} package. + +A variant on the \csx{includeonly} mechanism is offered by the +\Package{stampinclude} package, which takes advantage of the \pdftex{} +\csx{pdffilemoddate} command. When an \csx{include}d file is +processed in a \latex{} document, an \extension{aux} file is created +holding data such as page-number ranges and chapter/section numbers. +When \csx{stampinclude} is included in a document, it compares the +file system modification times for each file and its corresponding +\extension{aux} file; the file is only compiled in ``this run'' of the +document if the file is newer than its corresponding \extension{aux} +file. The package requires a current \pdftex{}, and will also run on +\luatex{} if the \Package{pdftexcmds} package is available +(\Package{pdftexcmds} emulates the requisite \pdftex{} commands using +\texttt{lua}. Apart from this requirement, \Package{stampinclude} is +a low-maintenace object; include it in your document and it silently +does its job. When you want a final version of your document, delete +all the \extension{aux} files, and and \Package{stampinclude} won't +interfere.) + +The inverse can be done using the \Package{excludeonly} package: this +allows you to exclude a (list of) \csx{include}d files from your +document, by means of an \csx{excludeonly} command. + +If you want to select particular pages of your document, use Heiko +Oberdiek's \Package{pagesel} or the \Package{selectp} packages. You +can do something similar with an existing \acro{PDF} document (which +you may have compiled using \ProgName{pdflatex} in the first place), +using the \Package{pdfpages} package. The job is then done with a +document looking like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage[final]{pdfpages} +\begin{document} +\includepdf[pages=30-40]{yoursource.pdf} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(To include all of the document, you write +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\includepdf[pages=-]{yoursource.pdf} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +omitting the start and end pages in the optional argument.) + +If you want flexible facilities for including or excluding small +portions of a file, consider the \Package{comment}, \Package{version} or +\Package{optional} packages. + +The \Package{comment} package allows you to declare areas of a document to be +included or excluded; you make these declarations in the preamble of +your file. The command \cmdinvoke*{includecomment}{version-name} +declares an environment \environment{version-name} whose content will +be included in your document, while +\cmdinvoke*{excludecomment}{version-name} defines an environment whose +content will be excluded from the document. The package uses a method +for exclusion that is pretty robust, and can cope with ill-formed +bunches of text (e.g., with unbalanced braces or \csx{if} commands). + +These FAQs employ the \Package{comment} package to alter layout +between the printed (two-column) version and the \acro{PDF} version +for browsing; there are \environment{narrowversion} and +\environment{wideversion} for the two versions of the file. + +\Package{version} offers similar facilities to \File{comment.sty} +(i.e., \csx{includeversion} and \csx{excludeversion} commands); +it's far ``lighter weight'', but is less robust (and in particular, +cannot deal with very large areas of text being included/excluded). + +A significant development of \Package{version}, confusingly called +\Package{versions} (i.e., merely a plural of the old package name). +\Package{Versions} adds a command +\cmdinvoke*{markversion}{version-name} which defines an environment +that prints the included text, with a clear printed mark around it. + +\Package{optional} defines a command \csx{opt}; its first argument is +an `inclusion flag', and its second is text to be included or +excluded. Text to be included or excluded must be well-formed +(nothing mismatched), and should not be too big~--- if a large body of +text is needed, \csx{input} should be used in the argument. +The documentation (in the package file itself) tells you +how to declare which sections are to be included: this can be done in +the document preamble, but the documentation also suggests ways in +which it can be done on the command line that invokes \LaTeX{}, or +interactively. + +And, not least of this style of conditional compilation, +\Package{verbatim} (which should be available in any distribution) +defines a \environment{comment} environment, which enables the +dedicated user of the source text editor to suppress bits of a +\LaTeX{} source file. The \Class{memoir} class offers the same +environment. + +An interesting variation is the \Package{xcomment} package. This +defines an environment whose body is all excluded, apart from +environments named in its argument. So, for example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{xcomment}{figure,table} + This text is not included + \begin{figure} + This figure is included + \end{figure} + This is not included, either + \begin{table} + This table also included + \end{table} + ... +\end{xcomment} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +A further valuable twist is offered by the \Package{extract} package. +This allows you to produce a ``partial copy'' of an existing document: +the package was developed to permit production of a ``book of +examples'' from a set of lecture notes. The package documentation +shows the following usage: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[ + active, + generate=foobar, + extract-env={figure,table}, + extract-cmd={chapter,section} +]{extract} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will cause the package to produce a file \File{foobar.tex} +containing all the \environment{figure} and \environment{table} +environments, and the \csx{chapter} and \csx{section} commands, from +the document being processed. The new file \File{foobar.tex} is +generated in the course of an otherwise ordinary run on the `master' +document. The package provides a good number of other facilities, +including (numeric or labelled) ranges of environments to extract, and +an \environment{extract} environment which you can use to create complete +ready-to-run \LaTeX{} documents with stuff you've extracted. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[askinclude.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[askinclude] +\item[comment.sty]\CTANref{comment} +\item[excludeonly.sty]\CTANref{excludeonly} +\item[extract.sty]\CTANref{extract} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[optional.sty]\CTANref{optional} +\item[pagesel.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[pagesel] +\item[pdfpages.sty]\CTANref{pdfpages} +\item[selectp.sty]\CTANref{selectp} +\item[stampinclude.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[stampinclude] +\item[verbatim.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[verbatim] +\item[version.sty]\CTANref{version} +\item[versions.sty]\CTANref{versions} +\item[xcomment.sty]\CTANref{xcomment} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-28} + +\Question[Q-docotherdir]{Bits of document from other directories} + +A common way of constructing a large document is to break it into a +set of files (for example, one per chapter) and to keep everything +related to each of these subsidiary files in a subdirectory. + +Unfortunately, \TeX{} doesn't have a changeable ``current directory'', +so that all files you refer to have to be specified relative to the +same directory as the main file. Most people find this +counter-intuitive. + +It may be appropriate to use the ``path extension'' technique +% beware line break +\Qref[of question]{used in temporary installations}{Q-tempinst} to deal with +this problem. However, if there several files with the same name in +your document, such as \File{chapter1/fig1.eps} and +\File{chapter2/fig1.eps}, you're not giving \TeX{} any hint as to +which you're referring to when in the main chapter file you say +\cmdinvoke{input}{sect1}; while this is readily soluble in the case of +human-prepared files (just don't name them all the same), +automatically produced files have a way of having repetitious names, +and changing \emph{them} is a procedure prone to error. + +The \Package{import} package comes to your help here: it defines an +\csx{import} command that accepts a full path name and the name of a +file in that directory, and arranges things to ``work properly''. +So, for example, if \File{/home/friend/results.tex} contains +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Graph: \includegraphics{picture} +\input{explanation} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +then \cmdinvoke{import}{/home/friend/}{results} will include both +graph and explanation as one might hope. A \csx{subimport} command +does the same sort of thing for a subdirectory (a relative path rather +than an absolute one), and there are corresponding \csx{includefrom} +and \csx{subincludefrom} commands. + +The \Package{chapterfolder} package provides commands to deal with its +(fixed) model of file inclusion in a document. It provides commands +\csx{cfpart}, \csx{cfchapter}, \csx{cfsection} and \csx{cfsubsection}, +each of which takes directory and file arguments, e.g.: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cfpart[pt 1]{Part One}{part1}{part} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which command will issue a `normal' command % ! line break +\cmdinvoke{part}[pt 1]{Part One} and then input the file +\File{part1/part.tex}, remembering that \File{part1/} is now the +``current folder''. There are also commands of the form +\csx{cfpartstar} (which corresponds to a \csx{part*} command). + +Once you're ``in'' a \Package{chapterfolder}-included document, you +may use \csx{cfinput} to input something relative to the ``current +folder'', or you may use \csx{input}, using \csx{cfcurrentfolder} to +provide a path to the file. (There are also +\csx{cfcurrentfolderfigure} for a \path{figure/} subdirectory and +\csx{cfcurrentfolderlistings} for a \path{listings/} subdirectory.) + +Documentation of \Package{chapterfolder} is in French, but the +\File{README} in the directory is in English. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[chapterfolder.sty]\CTANref{chapterfolder} +\item[import.sty]\CTANref{import} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-RCS]{Version control using \acro{RCS}, \acro{CVS} or the like} + +If you use \acro{RCS}, \acro{CVS}, \ProgName{Subversion}, +\ProgName{Bazaar} or \ProgName{Git} to maintain +your \AllTeX{} documents under version control, you may need some +mechanism for including the version details in your document, in such +a way that they can be typeset (that is, rather than just hiding them +inside a comment). + +The most complete solution for \acro{RCS} and \acro{CVS} is to use the +(\LaTeX{}) package \Package{rcs}, which allows you to parse and +display the contents of \acro{RCS} keyword fields in an extremely +flexible way. The package \Package{rcsinfo} is simpler, but does most +of what you want, and some people prefer it; it is explicitly +compatible with \ProgName{LaTeX2HTML}. + +If, however, you need a solution which works without using external +packages, or which will work in \plaintex{}, then you can use the +following minimal solution: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\RCS$#1: #2 ${\expandafter\def\csname RCS#1\endcsname{#2}} +\RCS$Revision: 1.45 $ % or any RCS keyword +\RCS$Date: 2012/12/07 19:34:33 $ +... +\date{Revision \RCSRevision, \RCSDate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\RCS$#1: #2 ${\expandafter + \def\csname RCS#1\endcsname{#2}% +} +\RCS$Revision: 1.45 $ % or any RCS keyword +\RCS$Date: 2012/12/07 19:34:33 $ +... +\date{Revision \RCSRevision, \RCSDate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} + +If you are a user of \ProgName{Subversion}, the package \Package{svn} +may be for you. It has explicit cleverness about dealing with dates: +\begin{quote} +\csx{documentclass}\texttt{\{\meta{foo}\}}\\ +\texttt{...}\\ +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}{svn}\\ +\csx{SVNdate}\texttt{ \$Date\$}\\ +\cmdinvoke{author}{...}\\ +\cmdinvoke{title}{...}\\ +\texttt{...}\\ +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document}\\ +\csx{maketitle}\\ +\texttt{...}\\ +\cmdinvoke{end}{document} +\end{quote} +will (once \ProgName{subversion} has committed a copy of the document) +cause \csx{maketitle} use the date that has been written into the +\texttt{\$Date\$} keyword. + +Another alternative for \ProgName{Subversion} users is the +\Package{svninfo} package, which has much the same mechanisms as does +\Package{svn} but with a rather different focus. \Package{Svninfo} +does the date trick that \Package{svn} performs (controlled by a +package option), and can set up page foot-lines using % ! line break +\Qref*{package \Package{fancyhdr}}{Q-fancyhdr}. There isn't much to +choose between the two packages: you should read the packages' +documentation to see which suits you best. + +An alternative script-based approach to version control has been taken +by the \Package{vc} bundle, that in certain situations might work more +reliably than any of the packages mentioned above. The \Package{vc} +bundle supports \ProgName{Bazaar}, \ProgName{Git} and +\ProgName{Subversion} usage and works with both \LaTeX{} and +\plaintex{}. Note that \Package{vc} is the only option that +currently claims to support \ProgName{Bazaar}-controlled repositories. + +Finally, for now, the \Package{gitinfo} package supports +\ProgName{Git}-controlled documents. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[gitinfo.sty]\CTANref{gitinfo} +\item[rcs.sty]\CTANref{rcs} +\item[rcsinfo.sty]\CTANref{rcsinfo} +\item[svn.sty]\CTANref{svn} +\item[svninfo.sty]\CTANref{svninfo} +\item[vc]\CTANref{vc} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-08-31} + +\Question[Q-make]{Makefiles for \LaTeX{} documents} + +\LaTeX{} is a tricky beast for running \ProgName{make} on: the need to +instruct \LaTeX{} to run several times for essentially different +reasons (for example, ``get the table of contents stable'', ``get the +labels stable'', ``add the bibliography'', ``add the index'') is +actually rather difficult to express in the `ordinary' sort of +dependency graph that one constructs for \ProgName{make}. + +The \ProgName{latex-make} package offers help with this task (far more +sophisticated techniques than in the \acro{FAQ} building script); it +looks good, but reports of its use (other than by its author) are scarce. + +For a long time, the only \ProgName{make}-like package on \acro{CTAN} +was \ProgName{latexmk}, which is a \ProgName{Perl} +script that analyses your \LaTeX{} source for its dependencies, runs +\BibTeX{} or \ProgName{makeindex} as and when it notices that those +programs' input (parts of the \extension{aux} file, or the +\extension{idx} file, respectively) has changed, and so on. +\ProgName{Latexmk} is a fine +solution (and was used in generating printable versions of these +\acro{FAQ}s for a long time); it has recently been upgraded and has +many bells and whistles that allow it to operate as if it were a poor +man's \WYSIWYG{} system. + +A recent strong contender is \ProgName{arara}, written in +\ProgName{Java}. It is (the documentation says) based on ``rules'' +and ``directives''; its aim is to determine what to do from explicit +instructions in its source code, rather than secondary sources such as +log file analysis. \ProgName{Arara} is relatively new on CTAN, and +comes with recommendations from many of the great and good of the +\latex{} world. + +Apparently along the same lines, is Auto\LaTeX{}. The \File{README} +of the distribution is actual a Unix-type man-page output, and shows +great attention to the details of the document production process. + +The \ProgName{mk} (also, apparently, known as \ProgName{latex_maker}) +is a Ruby script for the task in hand; it works well with another of +the author's scripts script called \ProgName{vpp} (View and Print +\PS{}/\acro{PDF}). + +Windows users of the \miktex{} system may use that system's +\ProgName{texify} application. \ProgName{Texify} deals with basic +\LaTeX{} features, including generating a bibliography and an index; +it makes no claim to deal with other things (such as multiple +bibliographies or indexes, or lists of terminology, etc.), which +Auto\LaTeX{} can be configured to process. + +The \Qref*{\Package{texinfo} system}{Q-texinfo} comes with a similar +utility called \ProgName{texi2dvi}, which is capable of ``converting'' +either \LaTeX{} or \Package{texinfo} files into \acro{DVI} (or into +\acro{PDF}, using \PDFTeX{}). + +A later contribution is the bundle \Package{latexmake}, which +offers a set of \ProgName{make} rules that invoke \ProgName{texi2dvi} +as necessary. + +The curious may examine the rules employed to run the present +\acro{FAQ} through \LaTeX{}: we don't present them as a complete +solution, but some of the tricks employed are surely re-usable. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}arara]\CTANref{arara} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}AutoLaTeX]\CTANref{autolatex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\acro{FAQ} distribution]\CTANref{faq} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}latexmake]\CTANref{latexmake} +\item[latex-make]\CTANref{latex-make} +\item[latex\_make]\CTANref{latex_maker} +\item[latexmk]\CTANref{latexmk} +\item[texi2dvi]Distributed as part of \CTANref{texinfo} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-08} + +\Question[Q-howmanypp]{How many pages are there in my document?} + +Simple documents (those that start at page 1, and don't have any +breaks in their page numbering until their last page) present no +problem to the seeker after this truth. The number of pages is +reported by the \Package{lastpage} package in its \texttt{LastPage} label. + +For more complicated documents (most obviously, books with frontmatter +in a different series of page numbers) this simple approach will not +do. + +The \Package{count1to} package defines a label \texttt{TotalPages}; this is +the value of its copy of \csx{count1} (a reserved \TeX{} count +register) at the end of the document. + +Package \Package{totpages} defines a label \texttt{TotPages}, but it also +makes the register it uses available as a \LaTeX{} counter, +\texttt{TotPages}, which you can also reference via \csx{theTotPages}. Of +course, the counter |TotPages| is asynchronous in the same way that +page numbers are, but snapshots may safely be taken in the output +routine. + +The \Class{memoir} class defines two counters \texttt{lastpage} and +\texttt{lastsheet}, which are set (after the first run of a document) +to the equivalent of the \texttt{LastPage} label and the +\texttt{TotalPages} labels. + +Both \Package{count1to} and \Package{totpages} need the support of +the \Package{everyshi} package. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[count1to.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ms}[count1to] +\item[everyshi.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{ms}[everyshi] +\item[lastpage.sty]\CTANref{lastpage} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[totpages.sty]\CTANref{totpages} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-inclplain]{Including \plaintex{} files in \LaTeX{}} + +\LaTeX{}, though originally \Qref*{based on \plaintex{}}{Q-LaTeXandPlain}, does not +contain all of \plaintex{}'s commands. Worse, some \plaintex{} +command names appear in \LaTeX{}, with different semantics. As a +result, special measures need to be taken to allow general \plaintex{} +documents (or parts of documents) to be typeset within \LaTeX{}. + +The truly reliable way is to translate the \plaintex{} commands, to +produce an equivalent of the original's semantics. However, this is +not practical in many circumstances, and for those occasions, the +\Package{plain} package will often come to your aid. The package +defines a \environment{plain} environment, in which a \plaintex{} +document may be processed: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{plain} + \input{plain-doc} +\end{plain} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The package is known to fail, for example, with documents that use +\AMSTeX{}; no doubt it would also fail if asked to load \Eplain{}. +All these things can be overcome (although it's not often easy), but +the environment saves a lot of work on many occasions. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[plain.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{carlisle}[plain-ltx] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Hyphenation} + +\Question[Q-nohyph]{My words aren't being hyphenated} + +Let's assume you've selected the right \TeX{} `language'~--- as +explained in \Qref[question]{``how hyphenation works''}{Q-hyphen}, +you're not likely to get the correct results typesetting one language +using the hyphenation rules of another. (Select the proper language, +using \Package{babel} if you're a \LaTeX{} user. This may reveal that +you need another set of hyphenation patterns; see +% beware line wrap +\Qref[question]{``using a new language''}{Q-newlang} for advice on how +to install it.) + +So what else can go wrong? +\begin{itemize} +\item Since \TeX{} version~3.0, the limits on how near to either end + of a word hyphenation may take place have been programmable (see + \Qref[question]{``weird hyphenation''}{Q-weirdhyphen}), and for some + reason the values in question may have been corrupted in some macros + you are using. \TeX{} won't hyphenate less than \csx{lefthyphenmin} + characters after the start of a word, nor less than + \csx{righthyphenmin} before the end of a word; thus it won't + hyphenate a word shorter than the sum of the two minima, at all. + For example, since the minima are 2 and 3 for English, \TeX{} won't + hyphenate a word shorter than 5 letters long, if it believes the + word to be English. +\item \TeX{} won't hyphenate a word that's already been hyphenated. + For example, the (caricature) English surname Smyth-Postlethwaite + wouldn't hyphenate, which could be troublesome. This is correct + English typesetting style (it may not be correct for other + languages), but if needs must, you can replace the hyphen in the + name with a \csx{hyph} command, defined +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\hyph{-\penalty0\hskip0pt\relax} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + This is \emph{not} the sort of thing this \acro{FAQ} would + ordinarily recommend\dots{} The \Package{hyphenat} package defines a + bundle of such commands (for introducing hyphenation points at + various punctuation characters). +\item There may be accents in the word. The causes of and remedies + for this effect are discussed in + % beware line break + \Qref[question]{accents and hyphens}{Q-hyphenaccents}. +\item The hyphenation may simply not have been spotted; while \TeX{}'s + algorithm is good, it's not infallible, and it does miss perfectly + good hyphenations in some languages. When this happens, you need to + give \TeX{} \emph{explicit} instructions on how to hyphenate. +\end{itemize} +The \csx{hyphenation} command allows you to give explicit instructions. +Provided that the word will hyphenate at all (that is, it is not +prevented from hyphenating by any of the other restrictions above), +the command will override anything the hyphenation patterns might +dictate. The command takes one or more hyphenated words as +argument~--- \cmdinvoke{hyphenation}{ana-lysis pot-able}; note that +(as here, for analysis) you can use the command to overrule \TeX{}'s +choice of hyphenation (ana-lysis is the British etymological +hyphenation; some feel the American hyphenation feels +`unfortunate'\dots{}). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[hyphenat.sty]\CTANref{hyphenat} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-weirdhyphen]{Weird hyphenation of words} + +If your words are being h-yphenated, like this, with jus-t single +letters at the +beginning or the end of the word, you may have a version mismatch +problem. \TeX{}'s hyphenation system changed between version~2.9 +and~3.0, and macros written for use with version~2.9 can have this +effect with a version~3.0 system. If you are using \plaintex{}, make +sure your \File{plain.tex} file has a version number which is at +least~3.0, and rebuild your format. If you are using \LaTeXo{} your +best plan is to upgrade to \LaTeXe{}. If for some reason you can't, +the last version of \LaTeXo{} (released on 25 March 1992) is still +available (for the time being at least) and ought to solve this +problem. + +If you're using \LaTeXe{}, the problem probably arises from your +|hyphen.cfg| file, which has to be created if you're using a +multi-lingual version. + +A further source of oddity can derive from the 1995 release of +\Qref*{Cork-encoded fonts}{Q-ECfonts}, +which introduced an alternative hyphen character. The \LaTeXe{} +configuration files in the font release specified use of the +alternative hyphen, and this could produce odd effects with words +containing an explicit hyphen. The font configuration files in the +December 1995 release of \LaTeXe{} do \emph{not} use the alternative +hyphen character, and therefore removed this source of problems; the +solution, again, is to upgrade your \LaTeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeXo{}]\CTANref{latex209-base} +\item[plain.tex]\CTANref{plain} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-oddhyphen]{(Merely) peculiar hyphenation} + +You may have found that \TeX{}'s famed automatic word-division does +not produce the break-points recommended by your dictionary. This may be +because \TeX{} is set up for American English, whose rules for word +division (as specified, for example, in Webster's Dictionary) are +completely different from the British ones (as specified, for example, +in the Oxford Dictionaries). This problem is being addressed by the \acro{UK} +\TeX{} User community (see \BV{}, issue~4.4) but an entirely +satisfactory solution will take time; the current status is to be +found on \acro{CTAN} (see +% beware line-wrap +\Qref[question]{``using a new language''}{Q-newlang} for instructions +on adding this new ``language''). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[UK patterns]\CTANref{ukhyph} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-hyphenaccents]{Accented words aren't hyphenated} + +\TeX{}'s algorithm for hyphenation gives up when it encounters an +\csx{accent} command; there are good reasons for this, but it means +that quality typesetting in non-English languages can be difficult. + +For \TeX{} macro packages, you can avoiding the effect by using an +appropriately encoded font (for example, a Cork-encoded font~--- see +\Qref[question]{the \acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts}) which contains accented +letters as single glyphs. \LaTeX{} users can achieve this end simply +by adding the command +\begin{verbatim} + \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\end{verbatim} +to the preamble of their document. Other encodings (notably +\acro{LY}1, once promoted by \YandY{} inc) may be used +in place of \acro{T}1. Indeed, most current 8-bit \TeX{} font +encodings will `work' with the relevant sets of hyphenation patterns. + +With the advance of \xetex{} and \luatex{} to the mainstream, a new +regime for generating hyphenation tables is in place. For each +language, a table is written in Unicode, and ``8-bit'' versions are +generated for use with various \latex{} font encodings. Original sets +of patterns remain on \acro{CTAN}, for use when an older environment +is needed. + +\Question[Q-newlang]{Using a new language with Babel} + +\Package{Babel} is capable of working with a large range of +languages, and a new user often wants to use a language that her +\TeX{} installation is not set up to employ. Simply asking Babel to +use the language, with the command +\begin{verbatim} + \usepackage[catalan]{babel} +\end{verbatim} +provokes the warning message +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were loaded for +(babel) the language `Catalan' +(babel) I will use the patterns loaded for \language=0 instead. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns + were loaded for +(babel) the language `Catalan' +(babel) I will use the patterns + loaded for \language=0 instead. +\end{verbatim} +(The first and third lines above have been wrapped to fit in the +column.) +\end{narrowversion} + +The problem is that your \TeX{} system doesn't know how to hyphenate +Catalan text: you need to tell it how before Babel can do its work +properly. To do this, for \LaTeX{} installations, one needs to change +\File{language.dat} (which is part of the Babel installation); it will +contain a line +\begin{verbatim} +%catalan cahyphen.tex +\end{verbatim} +which, if you remove the comment marker, is supposed to instruct +\LaTeX{} to load Catalan hyphenation patterns when you tell it to build +a new format. + +Unfortunately, in many Babel distributions, the line just isn't +right~--- you need to check the name of the file containing the +patterns you're going to use. As you can see, in the author's system, +the name is supposed to be \File{cahyphen.tex}; however the file +actually present on the system is \File{cahyph.tex}~--- fortunately, +the error should prove little more than an inconvenience (most of the +files are in better distributions anyway, but an elusive one +may be found on \acro{CTAN}; if you have to retrieve +a new file, ensure that it's correctly installed, for which see +\Qref[question]{installing a new package}{Q-inst-wlcf}). + +Finally, you need to regenerate the formats used (in fact, most users +of Babel are using it in their \LaTeX{} documents, so regenerating the +\LaTeX{}-related formats will ordinarily be enough; however, the +author always generates the lot, regardless). +\begin{description} +\item[te\TeX{}]It's possible to do the whole operation in one go, by + using the \ProgName{texconfig} command: +\begin{verbatim} +texconfig hyphen latex +\end{verbatim} + which first enters an editor for you to edit \File{language.dat}, + and then regenerates the format you specify (\ProgName{latex} in + this case). + + Otherwise, to regenerate all formats, do: \\ + \texttt{fmtutil -\relax-all} + + If you're willing to think through what you're doing (this is + \emph{not} for the faint-hearted), you can select a sequence of + formats and for each one, run: \\ + \texttt{fmtutil -\relax-byfmt \meta{formatname}}\\ + where \emph{\texttt{formatname}} is something like `\texttt{latex}', + or: \\ + \texttt{fmtutil -\relax-byhyphen \meta{hyphenfile}}\\ + where \emph{\texttt{hyphenfile}} is the file specifying hyphenation + to the format~--- usually \texttt{language.dat} +\item[\miktex{}] On a \Package{\miktex{}} distribution earlier than v2.0, do: \\ + \texttt{Start}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Programs}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{\miktex{}}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Maintenance}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Create all format files} +% this sequence suggested for miktex 1.20e, 2000/12/22, by Giuseppe Bilotta + + or get a DOS window and run:\\ + \texttt{initexmf -\relax-dump} + + On a \Package{\miktex{}} distribution v2.0 or later, the whole + procedure can be done via the \acro{GUI}. To select the new + language, do:\\ + \texttt{Start}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Programs}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{\miktex{} 2}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{\miktex{} Options}, and select the \texttt{Languages} tab. + Select your language from the list, press the \texttt{Apply} button, + and then the \texttt{OK} button. Then select the \texttt{General} + tab and press the \texttt{Update Now} button. + + Otherwise, edit the \File{language.dat} file (as outlined above), + and then run:\\ + \texttt{initexmf -\relax-dump}\\ + just as for a pre-v2.0 system. +\end{description} + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{\emph{Caveat}:} It is (just) possible that +your \TeX{} system may run out of ``pattern memory'' while generating +the new format. Most \TeX{} implementations have fixed-size arrays +for storing the details of hyphenation patterns, but although their +size is adjustable in most modern distributions, actually changing the +size is a fiddle. If you \emph{do} find you've run out of memory, +it may be worth scanning the list of languages in your +\File{language.dat} to see whether any could reasonably be removed. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[babel]\CTANref{babel} +\item[hyphenation patterns]\CTANref{hyphenation} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-hyphoff]{Stopping all hyphenation} + +It may seem an odd thing to want to do (after all, one of \TeX{}'s +great advertised virtues is the quality of its hyphenation) but it's +sometimes necessary. The real problem is, that the quality of +\TeX{}'s output is by default largely dependent on the presence of +hyphenation; if you want to abandon hyphenation, something has to +give. + +\TeX{} (slightly confusingly) offers four possible mechanisms for +suppressing hyphenation (there were only two prior to the extensions +that arrived with \TeX{} version~3). + +First, one can set the hyphenation penalties \csx{hyphenpenalty} and +\csx{exhyphenpenalty} to an `infinite' value (that is to say, 10000). +This means that all hyphenations will sufficiently penalise the line +that would contain them, that the hyphenation won't happen. The +disadvantage of this method is that \TeX{} will re-evaluate any +paragraph for which hyphenations might help, which will slow \TeX{} +down. + +Second, one can select a language for which no hyphenation patterns +exist. Some distributions create a language \texttt{nohyphenation}, +and the \Package{hyphenat} package uses this technique for its +\csx{nohyphens} command which sets its argument without any +hyphenation. You can load \Package{hyphenat} with the command +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[none]{hyphenat} +\end{quote} +to prevent any hyphenation in a single-language document. The +technique cannot work in a document in which \Package{babel} controls +language selection, since \Package{babel} incorporates hyphenation +change into its language change facilities. + +Third, one can set \csx{left-} and/or \csx{righthyphenmin} to a +sufficiently large value that no hyphenation could possibly succeed, +since the minimum is larger than the length of the longest word +\TeX{} is willing to hyphenate (the appropriate value is 62). + +Fourth, one can suppress hyphenation for all text using the current +font by the command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\hyphenchar\font=-1 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This isn't a particularly practical way for users to suppress +hyphenation~--- the command has to be issued for every font the +document uses~--- but it's how \LaTeX{} itself suppresses hyphenation +in \texttt{tt} and other fixed-width fonts. + +Which of the techniques you should use depends on what you actually +want to do. If the text whose hyphenation is to be suppressed runs +for less than a paragraph, your only choice is the no-hyphens +language: the language value is preserved along with the text (in the +same way that the current font is); the values for penalties and +hyphen minima active at the end of a paragraph are used when +hyphenation is calculated. + +Contrariwise, if you are writing a multilanguage document using the +\Package{babel} package, you \emph{cannot} suppress hyphenation +throughout using either the no-hyphens language or the hyphen minima: +all those values get changed at a \Package{babel} language switch: use +the penalties instead. + +If you simply switch off hyphenation for a good bit of text, the +output will have a jagged edge (with many lines seriously overfull), +and your \AllTeX{} run will bombard you with warnings about overfull +and underfull lines. To avoid this you have two options. + +The simplest route is to use \csx{sloppy} (or its environment version +\environment{sloppypar}), and have \TeX{} stretch what would otherwise +be underfull lines to fill the space offered, while prematurely +wrapping overfull lines and stretching the remainder. + +Alternatively, you may set the text \Qref*{ragged right}{Q-ragright}, +and at least get rid of the overfull lines; this technique is +`traditional' (in the sense that typists do it) and may be expected to +appeal to the specifiers of eccentric document layouts (such as those +for dissertations), but for once their sense conforms with typographic +style. (Or at least, style constrained in this curious way.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[hyphenat.sty]\CTANref{hyphenat} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-wdnohyph]{Preventing hyphenation of a particular word} + +It's quite possible for (\emph{any}) hyphenation of a particular word +to seem ``completely wrong'', so that you want to prevent it being +hyphenated. + +If the word occurs in just one place, put it in a box: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\mbox{oddword} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(\plaintex{} users should use \csx{hbox}, and take care at the start +of paragraphs.) However, boxing the word is not really advisable +unless you are sure it only occurs once. + +If the word occurs commonly, the best choice is to assert a +non-hyphenation for it: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\hyphenation{oddword} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This hyphenation exception (with no break points) will be used in +preference to what \TeX{}'s hyphenation algorithm may come up with. + +In a multilingual document, repeat the exception specification for +each language the word may appear in. So: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[french,english]{babel} +\selectlanguage{english} +\hyphenation{oddword} +\selectlanguage{french} +\hyphenation{oddword} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(note that \Package{babel} will select the default language for the +document~--- English, in this case~--- at \cmdinvoke{begin}{document}.) + +A particular instance of this requirement is avoiding the hyphenation +of acronyms; a general rule for those that concoct acronyms seems to +be to make the capital-letter sequence read as near as is possible +like a ``real'' word, but hyphenating an acronym often looks silly. +The \TeX{} flag \csx{uchyph} is designed for suppressing such +behaviour: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\uchyph=0 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will stop hyphenation of upper-case words. (Note that \plaintex{} +syntax is needed here: there's no \LaTeX{} alternative for setting +this value.) + +\Question[Q-hyphexcept]{Hyphenation exceptions} + +While \TeX{}'s hyphenation rules are good, they're not infallible: you +will occasionally find words \TeX{} just gets \emph{wrong}. So for +example, \TeX{}'s default hyphenation rules (for American English) don't +know the word ``\emph{manuscript}'', and since it's a long word you +may find you need to hyphenate it. You \emph{can} ``write the +hyphenation out'' each time you use the word: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... man\-u\-script ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Here, each of the \csx{-} commands is converted to a hyphenated break, +if (\emph{and only if}) necessary. + +That technique can rapidly become tedious: you'll probably only accept +it if there are no more than one or two wrongly-hyphenated words in +your document. The alternative is to set up hyphenations in the +document preamble. To do that, for the hyphenation above, you would +write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\hyphenation{man-u-script} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and the hyphenation would be set for the whole document. Barbara +Beeton publishes articles containing lists of these ``hyphenation +exceptions'', in \textsl{TUGboat}; the hyphenation `man-u-script' +comes from one of those articles. + +What if you have more than one language in your document? Simple: +select the appropriate language, and do the same as above: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[french]{babel} +\selectlanguage{french} +\hyphenation{re-cher-cher} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(nothing clever here: this is the ``correct'' hyphenation of the word, +in the current tables). However, there's a problem here: just as +words with accents in them won't break, so \csx{hyphenation} commands +with accents in them produce an error: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[french]{babel} +\selectlanguage{french} +\hyphenation{r\'e-f\'e-rence} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +tells us that the hyphenation is ``improper'', and that it will be ``flushed''. +But, just as hyphenation of words is enabled by selecting an 8-bit +font encoding, so \csx{hyphenation} commands are rendered proper again +by selecting that same 8-bit font encoding. For the hyphenation +patterns provided in the usual distributions, the encoding is +\Qref*{Cork}{Q-ECfonts}, so the complete sequence is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\usepackage[french]{babel} +\selectlanguage{french} +\hyphenation{r\'e-f\'e-rence} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The same sort of performance goes for any language for which 8-bit +fonts and corresponding hyphenation patterns are available. Since you +have to select both the language and the font encoding to have your +document typeset correctly, it should not be a great imposition to do +the selections before setting up hyphenation exceptions. + +\subsection{Odds and ends} + +\Question[Q-logos]{Typesetting all those \TeX{}-related logos} + +Knuth was making a particular point about the capabilities of \TeX{} +when he defined the logo. Unfortunately (in some people's opinion) he thereby +opened floodgates to give the world a whole range of rather silly +`bumpy road' logos for \TeX{} entities such as \AMSTeX{}, \pictex{}, +\BibTeX{}, and so on, produced in a flurry of different fonts, sizes, +and baselines~--- indeed, everything one might hope to cause them to +obstruct the reading process. In particular, Lamport invented +\LaTeX{} (silly enough in itself, with a raised small `A' and a +lowered `E') and marketing input from Addison-Wesley led to the even +stranger current logo for \LaTeXe{}, which appends a lowered % !line break +\latexhtml{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}{single-stroke Greek letter ε}. + +Sensible users don't have to follow this stuff wherever it goes, +but, for those who insist, a large collection of logos is defined in +the \Package{texnames} package (but note that this set of macros isn't +entirely reliable in \LaTeXe{}). +The \MF{} and \MP{} logos can be set in fonts that \LaTeXe{} +knows about (so that they scale with the surrounding text) using the +\Package{mflogo} package; but be aware that booby-traps surround the +use of the Knuthian font for \MP{} (you might get +\begin{typesetversion} + \textlogo{META\hphantom{P}O\hphantom{S}T}). +\end{typesetversion} +% the following htmlversion stuff seems to do roughly what's required, +% which is nice, given the feebleness of representing all these silly +% logos in html otherwise... +\begin{htmlversion} + something like `META\ \ O\ \ T'). +\end{htmlversion} +You needn't despair, however~--- most versions of the logo font +distributed nowadays contain the missing letters, and the author +himself uses just `MetaPost'. + +A well-designed set of macros is provided by package \Package{hologo}, +which defines a command \csx{hologo}, which one uses as (for example) +\cmdinvoke{hologo}{pdfLaTeX} for what you might get by typing +``\texttt{pdf}\csx{LaTeX}'', as well as a capitalised version +\cmdinvoke{Hologo}{pdfLaTeX} for ``\texttt{Pdf}\csx{LaTeX}''. + +The package \Package{metalogo} deals with a problem of these myriad +logos, that's often ignored nowadays: the geometry of characters from +different fonts is (obviously) different, and they naturally fit +together differently. The package makes it possible for you to adjust +the spacing between the the letters of one of these odd logos (even +the especially weird mirrored ``E'' in \xetex{}). + +For those who don't wish to acquire the `proper' logos, the canonical +thing to do is to say \texttt{AMS-}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} +for \AMSTeX{}, \texttt{Pic}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} +for \pictex{}, \texttt{Bib}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} +for \BibTeX{}, and so on. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[hologo.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[hologo] +\item[metalogo.sty]\CTANref{metalogo} +\item[mflogo.sty]\CTANref{mflogo} +\item[texnames.sty]\CTANref{texnames} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2010-03-24} + +\Question[Q-bold-extras]{How to do bold-tt or bold-sc} + +\LaTeX{}, as delivered, offers no means of handling bold ``teletype'' +or small-caps fonts. There's a practical reason for this (Knuth never +designed such fonts), but there are typographical considerations too +(the ``medium weight'' \texttt{cmtt} font is already pretty bold (by +comparison with other fixed-width fonts), and bold small-caps is not +popular with many professional typographers). + +There's a set of ``extra'' \MF{} files on \acro{CTAN} that provide bold +versions of both \texttt{cmtt} and \texttt{cmcsc} (the small caps font). With +modern \TeX{} distributions, one may bring these fonts into use simply +by placing them in an % ! line break +\Qref*{appropriate place in the \emph{texmf} tree}{Q-install-where} +(these are \AllTeX{}-specific files, so the ``\emph{public}'' supplier +would be an appropriate place). Once you've % ! line break, again +\Qref*{rebuilt the file indexes as necessary}{Q-inst-wlcf}, +\TeX{} (and friends) will automatically build whatever font files they +need when you first make reference to them. There's a jiffy package +\Package{bold-extra} that builds the necessary font data structures +so that you can use the fonts within \LaTeX{}. + +Another alternative is to use the \Qref*{\acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts}, +which come with bold variants of the small-caps fonts. + +If you need to use Type~1 fonts, you can't proceed with Knuth-style +fonts, since there are no Type~1 versions of the \Package{mf-extra} +set. There are, however, Type~1 distributions of the EC~fonts, so you +can switch to EC and use them; alternatives are discussed in +\Qref[question]{8-bit Type~1 fonts}{Q-type1T1}. + +Of course, commercial fixed-width fonts (even the default +\FontName{Courier}) almost always come with a bold variant, so that's +not a problem. Furthermore \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont} +will usually provide ``faked'' small caps fonts, and has no +compunctions about providing them in a bold form. \FontName{Courier} +is (as we all know, to our cost) freely available; a far more +presentable monospace font is \FontName{LuxiMono}, which is also +freely available (monospace text in the typeset version of this +\acro{FAQ} uses \FontName{LuxiMono}, with the metrics and \LaTeX{} +support available on the archive. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bold-extra.sty]\CTANref{bold-extra} +\item[bold tt and small caps fonts]\CTANref{bold} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}LuxiMono fonts]\CTANref{luximono} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-varwidth]{Automatic sizing of \environment{minipage}} + +The \environment{minipage} environment requires you to specify the +width of the ``page'' you're going to create. This is sometimes +inconvenient: you would like to occupy less space, if possible, but +\environment{minipage} sets a box that is exactly the width you +specified. + +The \Package{pbox} package defines a \csx{pbox} whose width is exactly +that of the longest enclosed line, subject to a maximum width that you +give it. So while \cmdinvoke{parbox}{2cm}{Hello\bsbs world!} produces a +box of width exactly \texttt{2cm}, +\cmdinvoke{pbox}{2cm}{Hello\bsbs world!} produces one whose width is +\texttt{1.79cm} (if one's using the default \FontName{cmr} font for the +text, at least). The package also provides a +\cmdinvoke*{settominwidth}[min]{length}{text} (which looks (almost) +like the standard \csx{settowidth} command), and a \csx{widthofpbox} +function analogous to the \csx{widthof} command for use with the +\Package{calc} package. + +The \Package{eqparbox} package extends \Package{pbox}'s idea, by +allowing you to set a series of boxes, all with the same (minimised) +width. (Note that it doesn't accept a limiting maximum width +parameter.) The package documentation shows the following example +drawn from a joke \emph{curriculum vitae}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\noindent% +\eqparbox{place}% + {\textbf{Widgets, Inc.}} + \hfill +\eqparbox{title}% + {\textbf{Senior Widget Designer}} + \hfill +\eqparbox{dates}{\textbf{1/95--present}} + +... + +\noindent% +\eqparbox{place}% + {\textbf{Thingamabobs, Ltd.}} + \hfill +\eqparbox{title}% + {\textbf{Lead Engineer}} + \hfill +\eqparbox{dates}{\textbf{9/92--12/94}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\noindent% +\eqparbox{place}{\textbf{Widgets, Inc.}} \hfill +\eqparbox{title}{\textbf{Senior Widget Designer}} \hfill +\eqparbox{dates}{\textbf{1/95--present}} + +... + +\noindent% +\eqparbox{place}{\textbf{Thingamabobs, Ltd.}} \hfill +\eqparbox{title}{\textbf{Lead Engineer}} \hfill +\eqparbox{dates}{\textbf{9/92--12/94}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +The code makes the three items on each of the heading lines have +exactly the same width, so that the lines as a whole produce a regular +pattern down the page. A command \csx{eqboxwidth} allows you to use +the measured width of a group: the documentation shows how the command +may be used to produce sensible-looking columns that mix \texttt{c}-, +\texttt{r}- or \texttt{l}-rows, with the equivalent of a |p{...}| +entry, by making the fixed-width rows an \Package{eqparbox} group, and +making the last from a \csx{parbox} using the width that's been +measured for the group. + +The \Package{varwidth} package defines a \environment{varwidth} +environment which sets the content of the box to match a ``narrower +natural width'' if it finds one. (You give it the same parameters as +you would give \environment{minipage}: in effect, it is a `drop-in' +replacement.) \Package{Varwidth} provides its own ragged text command: +\csx{narrowragged}, which aims to make narrower lines and to put more +text in the last line of the paragraph (thus producing lines with more +nearly equal lengths than typically happens with \csx{raggedright} +itself). + +The documentation (in the package file) lists various restrictions and +things still to be done, but the package is already proving useful for +a variety of jobs. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[eqparbox.sty]\CTANref{eqparbox} +\item[pbox.sty]\CTANref{pbox} +\item[varwidth.sty]\CTANref{varwidth} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-hyp+pdf.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-hyp+pdf.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2be76882aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-hyp+pdf.tex @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ +% $Id: faq-hyp+pdf.tex,v 1.6 2012/03/31 09:22:17 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Hypertext and \acro{PDF}} + +\Question[Q-acrobat]{Making \acro{PDF} documents from \AllTeX{}} + +There are three general routes to \acro{PDF} output: Adobe's original +`distillation' route (via \PS{} output), direct conversion of a +\acro{DVI} file, and the use of a direct \tex{}-like \acro{PDF} +generator such as \Qref*{\PDFTeX{}}{Q-whatpdftex}. + +For simple documents (with no hyper-references), you can either +\begin{itemize} +\item process the document in the normal way, produce \PS{} + output and distill it; +\item (on a Windows or Macintosh machine with appropriate + tools installed) pass the output through a \acro{PDF}writer in place + of a printer driver. This route is only appropriate for simple + documents: \acro{PDF} writers cannot create hyperlinks; +\item process the document with ``vanilla'' \latex{} and generate \acro{PDF} + direct from the \acro{DVI} using \ProgName{dvipdfm}/\ProgName{dvipdfmx}; or +\item process the document direct to \acro{PDF} with \PDFTeX{}, + \Qref{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, \Qref{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} or V\TeX{}. + \PDFTeX{}, \luatex{} and \xetex{} have the advantage of availability + for a wide range of platforms, but V\TeX{} is available only for + Windows (as a commercial product), or free of charge, but + unsupported, for Linux or \acro{OS/}2. +\end{itemize} + +To translate all the \LaTeX{} cross-referencing into Acrobat +links, you need a \LaTeX{} package to redefine +the internal commands. There are two of these for \LaTeX{}, both +capable of conforming to the +\Qref{Hyper\TeX{} specification}{Q-hyper}: +Heiko Oberdiek's \Package{hyperref}, and Michael Mehlich's +\Package{hyper}. (In practice, almost everyone uses +\Package{hyperref}; \Package{hyper} hasn't been updated since 2000.) +\Package{Hyperref} can often determine how it should generate +hypertext from its environment, but there is a wide set of +configuration options you can give via \csx{usepackage}. The package +can operate using \PDFTeX{} primitives, the hyper\TeX{} +\csx{special}s, or \acro{DVI} driver-specific \csx{special} commands. +Both \ProgName{dvips} and \YandY{}'s \acro{\ProgName{DVIPSONE}} can +translate the \acro{DVI} with these \csx{special} commands into +\PS{} acceptable to Distiller, and +\ProgName{dvipdfm} and \ProgName{dvipdfmx} have \csx{special} commands of +their own. + +If you use \plaintex{}, the \Qref*{\Eplain{} macros}{Q-eplain} can +help you create \acro{PDF} documents with hyper-references. +It can operate using \PDFTeX{} primitives, or \csx{special} commands +for the \ProgName{dvipdfm}/\ProgName{dvipdfmx} \acro{DVI} drivers. + +While there is no free implementation of all of \ProgName{Adobe} +\ProgName{Distiller}'s +functionality, any but the very oldest versions of \ProgName{Ghostscript} +provide pretty reliable distillation (but beware of the problems with +\Qref*{\ProgName{dvips} output for distillation}{Q-dvips-pdf}). + +For viewing (and printing) the resulting files, Adobe's +\ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader} is available for a fair range of +platforms; for those for which Adobe's reader is unavailable, remotely +current versions of \ProgName{ghostscript} combined with +\ProgName{gv} or \ProgName{GSview} can display and print \acro{PDF} +files, as can \ProgName{xpdf}. + +In many circumstances, \ProgName{Ghostscript} combined with a viewer +application is actually preferable to Acrobat Reader. For example, on +Windows Acrobat Reader locks the \extension{pdf} file it's displaying: this +makes the traditional (and highly effective) \AllTeX{} development +cycle of ``Edit\arrowhyph{}Process\arrowhyph{}Preview'' become +rather clumsy~--- \ProgName{GSview} doesn't make the same +mistake. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Acrobat Reader]download from \URL{http://get.adobe.com/reader} +\item[dvipdfm]\CTANref{dvipdfm} +\item[dvipdfmx]\CTANref{dvipdfmx} +\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript} +\item[GSview]Browse \CTANref{gsview} +\item[gv]Browse \CTANref{gv} +\item[hyper.sty]\CTANref{hyper} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-28} + +\Question[Q-hyper]{Making hypertext documents from \TeX{}} + +If you want on-line hypertext with a \AllTeX{} source, probably on the +World Wide Web, there are four technologies to consider: +\begin{itemize} +\item start from \alltex{}, and use one of a number of techniques to + translate (more or less) directly to + \Qref{\acro{HTML}}{Q-LaTeX2HTML}; +% beware line break +\item Start from \Qref*{\Package{texinfo}}{Q-texinfo} source, + and use the \ProgName{info} viewer, or convert the \Package{texinfo} + source to \acro{HTML} using \ProgName{texi2html}; +\item Start from \alltex{}; use \pdftex{}, \xetex{} or \luatex{} to + produce \acro{PDF}, using \Package{hyperref} to construct + hyperlinks. +\item Start from (unconventional) \alltex{} which use the % ! line break + \Qref*{hyper\TeX{} conventions}{Q-hypertex}. +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[texinfo]\CTANref{texinfo} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-hypertex]{The \emph{hyper\tex{}} project} + +The \emph{hyper\tex{}} project extended the functionality of all the +\LaTeX{} cross-referencing commands (including the table of contents) +to produce \csx{special} commands which are parsed by \acro{DVI} processors +conforming to the Hyper\TeX{} guidelines; +it provides general hypertext links, including those +to external documents. + +The Hyper\TeX{} specification says that conformant viewers/translators +must recognize the following set of \csx{special} commands: +\begin{description} +\item[href:] |html:<a href = "href_string">| +\item[name:] |html:<a name = "name_string">| +\item[end:] |html:</a>| +\item[image:] |html:<img src = "href_string">| +\item[base\_name:] |html:<base href = "href_string">| +\end{description} + +The \emph{href}, \emph{name} and \emph{end} commands are used to do +the basic hypertext operations of establishing links between sections +of documents. + +Further details are available on \URL{http://arXiv.org/hypertex/}; there +are two commonly-used implementations of the specification, a +modified \ProgName{xdvi} and (recent releases of) +\ProgName{dvips}. Output from the latter may be used in recent +releases of \ProgName{ghostscript} or Acrobat Distiller. + +\Question[Q-dvips-pdf]{Quality of \acro{PDF} from \PS{}} +\keywords{blurry fuzzy crippled} + +Any reasonable \PS{}, including any output of \ProgName{dvips}, may be +converted to \acro{PDF}, using (for example) a sufficiently recent +version of \ProgName{ghostscript}, Frank Siegert's (shareware) +\href{http://www.pstill.com/}{\ProgName{PStill}}, or Adobe's (commercial) +\ProgName{Distiller}. + +But, although the job may (almost always) be done, the results are +often not acceptable: the most frequent problem is bad presentation of +the character glyphs that make up the document. The following answers +offer solutions to this (and other) problems of bad presentation. +Issues covered are: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Qref*{Wrong type of fonts used}{Q-fuzzy-type3}, which is + the commonest cause of fuzzy text. +\item \Qref*{\ProgName{Ghostscript} too old}{Q-fuzzy-gs}, + which can also result in fuzzy text. +% beware line breaks +\item \Qref*{Switching to font encoding \acro{T}1 encoding}{Q-fuzzy-T1}, + which is yet another possible cause of fuzzy text. +\item Another problem~--- missing characters~--- arises from an + % beware line breaks + \Qref*{aged version of \ProgName{Adobe}~\ProgName{Distiller}}{Q-distill-prob}. +\item Finally, there's the common confusion that arises from using the + \ProgName{dvips} configuration file \texttt{-Ppdf}, the % ! line br + \Qref*{weird characters}{Q-charshift}. +\end{itemize} +It should be noted that \ProgName{Adobe} % \ProgName{Acrobat} no longer + % part of the name +\ProgName{Reader}~6 (released in mid-2003, and later versions) does +not exhibit the ``fuzziness'' that so many of the answers below +address. This is of course good news: however, it will inevitably be +a long time before every user in the world has this (or later) +versions, so the remedies below are going to remain for some time to +come. + +The problems are also discussed, with practical examples, in Mike +Shell's \Package{testflow} package, which these FAQs recommend as a +``\Qref*{specialised tutorial}{Q-tutbitslatex}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[testflow]\CTANref{testflow} +\end{ctanrefs} + + +\Question[Q-fuzzy-type3]{The wrong type of fonts in \acro{PDF}} +\keywords{crippled blurry} + +This is far the commonest problem: the symptom is that text in the +document looks ``fuzzy''. + +Most people use \ProgName{Adobe} \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader} +to view their \acro{PDF}: \ProgName{Reader} is distributed free of +charge, and is widely available, for all its faults. One of those +faults is its failure to deal with bitmap fonts (at least, in all +versions earlier than version~6, all of which copies are pretty old, +now~\dots{} but some are occasionally found). + +So we don't want bitmap fonts in our \PS{}: with them, characters show +up in \ProgName{Reader}'s display as blurred blobs which are often not +even recognisable as the original letter, and are often not properly placed +on the line. Nevertheless, even now, most \TeX{} systems have +\ProgName{dvips} configured to use +\Qref*{\extension{pk} files}{Q-pk} in its output. Even +\PDFTeX{} will use \extension{pk} files if it can see no alternative for +a font in the document it is processing. + +Our remedy is to use +``\Qref*{Adobe Type~1}{Q-adobetypen}'' +versions of the fonts we need. Since Adobe are in the +business of selling Type~1 fonts, \ProgName{Reader} was of course made +to deal with them really rather well, from the very beginning. + +Of course, if your document uses nothing but fonts that came from +Adobe in the first place~--- fonts such as \FontName{Times} that +appear in pretty much every \PS{} printer, or such as Adobe +\FontName{Sabon} that you pay extra for~--- then there's no problem. + +But most people use \FontName{Computer} \FontName{Modern} to start +with, and even those relative sophisticates who use something as +exotic as \ProgName{Sabon} often find themselves using odd characters +from \acro{CM} without really intending to do so. Fortunately, rather +good versions of the \acro{CM} fonts are available from the \acro{AMS} +(who have them courtesy of % ! line break +\Qref{Blue Sky Research}{Q-commercial} and \YandY{}). + +Most modern systems have the fonts installed ready to use; and any +system installed less than 3~years ago has a \ProgName{dvips} +configuration file `\texttt{pdf}' that signals the use of the +\acro{CM} fonts, and also sets a few other parameters to improve +\ProgName{dvips}' output. Use this configuration as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +dvips -Ppdf myfile -o myfile.ps +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This may produce a warning message about failing to find the +configuration file: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +dvips: warning: no config file for `pdf' +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or something similar, or about failing to find a font file: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +dvips: ! Couldn't find header file cmr10.pfb +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Either of these failures signals that your +system doesn't have the fonts in the first place. + +A way of using the fonts that doesn't involve the sophistication of +the \texttt{-Ppdf} mechanism is simply to load maps: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +dvips -Pcmz -Pamz myfile -o myfile.ps +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +You may encounter the same warning messages as listed above. + +If your system does not have the fonts, it won't have the +configuration file either; however, it might have the configuration +file without the fonts. In either case, you need to +\Qref*{install the fonts}{Q-inst1cm}. + + +\Question[Q-fuzzy-gs]{Fuzzy fonts because \ProgName{Ghostscript} too old} +\keywords{crippled blurry} + +So you've done everything the \acro{FAQ} has told you that you need, +correct fonts properly installed and appearing in the \ProgName{dvips} +output, but \emph{still} you get fuzzy character output after +distilling with \ProgName{ghostscript}. + +The problem could arise from too old a version of +\ProgName{ghostscript}, which you may be using directly, or via a +script such as \ProgName{ps2pdf} (distributed with +\ProgName{ghostscript} itself), \ProgName{dvipdf}, or similar. +Though \ProgName{ghostscript} was capable of distillation from +version~5.50, that version could only produce bitmap Type~3 output of +any font other than the fundamental 35~fonts (\FontName{Times}, +\FontName{Helvetica}, etc.). Later versions added `complete' +distillation, but it wasn't until version~6.50 that one could rely on +it for everyday work. + +So, if your \acro{PDF} output still looks fuzzy in \ProgName{Acrobat} +\ProgName{Reader}, upgrade \ProgName{ghostscript}. The new version +should be at least version~6.50, of course, but it's usually good +policy to go to the most recent version (version~8.12 at the time of +writing~--- 2003). + +\Question[Q-fuzzy-T1]{Fonts go fuzzy when you switch to \acro{T}1} +\keywords{crippled blurry} + +You've been having problems with hyphenation, and someone has +suggested that you should use ``\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc}'' +to help sort them out. Suddenly you find that your final \acro{PDF} +has become fuzzy. The problem may arise whether you are using \PS{} +output and then distilling it, or you are using \PDFTeX{} for the +whole job. + +In fact, this is the same problem as most others about the +\Qref*{quality of \acro{PDF}}{Q-dvips-pdf}: you've abandoned +your previous setup using Type~1 versions of the \acro{CM} fonts, and +\ProgName{dvips} has inserted Type~3 versions of the \acro{EC} fonts +into your document output. (See % beware line break +``\Qref*{Adobe font types}{Q-adobetypen} +for details of these font types; also, note that the font +\emph{encoding}~\acro{T}1 +has nothing directly to do with the font \emph{format}~Type~1). + +However, as noted in % beware line break +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{8-bit Type~1 fonts}{Q-type1T1}\htmlonly{''}, +Type~1 versions of \acro{CM}-like fonts in \acro{T}1 (or equivalent) encoding +are now available, both as ``real'' fonts, and as virtual font sets. +One solution, therefore, is to use one of these alternatives. + +The alternative is to switch font family altogether, to something like +\FontName{Times} (as a no-thought default) or one of the many more pleasing +Adobe-encoded fonts. The default action of \Package{fontinst}, when +creating metrics for such a font, is to create settings for both \acro{OT}1 +and \acro{T}1 encodings, so there's little change in what goes on (at the +user level) even if you have switched to \acro{T}1~encoding when using the +fonts. + +\Question[Q-distill-prob]{Characters missing from \acro{PDF} output} + +If you're using \ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Distiller} to create your +\acro{PDF} output, you may find +characters missing. This may manifest +itself as messed-up maths equations (missing +``\latexhtml{\ensuremath{-}}{-}'' signs, for example), or bits missing +from large symbols. Early versions of \ProgName{Distiller} used to +ignore character positions 0--31 and 128--159 of every font: Adobe's +fonts never use such positions, so why should \ProgName{Distiller}? + +Well, the answer to this question is ``because Adobe don't produce all +the world's fonts''~--- fonts like \FontName{Computer} +\FontName{Modern} were around before Adobe came on the scene, and +\emph{they} use positions 0--31. Adobe don't react to complaints like +that in the previous sentence, but they do release new versions of +their programs; and \ProgName{Distiller}, since at least version~4.0, +\emph{has} recognised the font positions it used to shun. + +Meanwhile, \TeX{} users with old versions of \ProgName{Distiller} need +to deal with their fonts. \ProgName{Dvips} comes to our aid: the +switch \texttt{-G1} (``remap characters''), which moves the offending +characters out of the way. The \acro{PDF} configuration file +(\texttt{-Ppdf}), recommended % beware line break +\latexhtml{above}{in ``\Qref{the wrong type of fonts}{Q-fuzzy-type3}''}, +includes the switch. + +The switch is not without its problems; pre-2003 versions of +\ProgName{dvips} will apply it to Adobe fonts as well, causing +\Qref*{havoc}{Q-charshift}, but fortunately +that problem is usually soluble. However, a document using both +\acro{CM} and Adobe-specified fonts is stuck. The only real solution +is either to upgrade \ProgName{dvips}, or to spend money to upgrade +\ProgName{Distiller}. + +\Question[Q-type1T1]{Finding `8-bit' Type~1 fonts} +\keywords{eight} + +Elsewhere, answers to these \acro{FAQ}s recommend that you use an +`8-bit' font to permit % line break!! +\Qref*{accentuation of inflected languages}{Q-hyphenaccents}, +and also recommend the use of Type~1 fonts to ensure that +you get \Qref*{good quality \acro{PDF}}{Q-fuzzy-type3}. These +recommendations used to be contradictory: one could not just +``switch'' from the free \acro{CM} fonts to free Cork- (or similarly) +encoded Type~1 fonts. The first approach that started to alleviate +these problems, was the development of virtual fonts that make +a good approach to the Cork encoding (see below). Now, however, we +have ``true'' Type~1 fonts available: as always, we have an +embarrassment of riches with three free alternatives, and one +commercial and one shareware version. + +\Package{CM-super} is an +auto-traced set which encompasses all of the \acro{T}1 and \acro{TS}1 +encodings as well as the \acro{T}2* series (the family of encodings +that cover languages based on Cyrillic alphabets). These fonts are +pretty easy to install (the installation instructions are clear), but +they are huge: don't try to install them if you're short of disc +space. + +\Package{CM-LGC} is a similar ``super-font'' set, but of much more +modest size; it covers \acro{T}1, \acro{TS}1 and \acro{T}2{A} +encodings (as does \Package{CM-super}, and also covers the \acro{LGR} +encoding (for typesetting Greek, based on Claudio Beccari's \MF{} +sources). \Package{CM-LGC} manages to be small by going to the +opposite extreme from \Package{CM-super}, which includes fonts at all +the sizes supported by the original \acro{EC} (a huge range); +\Package{CM-LGC} has one font per font shape, getting other sizes by +scaling. There is an inevitable loss of quality inherent in this +approach, but for the disc-space-challenged machine, \Package{CM-LGC} +is an obvious choice. + +\Package{Tt2001} is a simple scan of the \acro{EC} and \acro{TC} +fonts, and has some virtues~--- it's noticeably smaller than +\Package{CM-super} while being less stark than \Package{CM-LGC}. + +\Package{Latin} \Package{Modern} is produced using the +program \Qref*{\ProgName{MetaType1}}{Q-textrace}. The +\Package{Latin} \Package{Modern} set comes with \acro{T}1, \acro{TS}1 +\acro{LY}1 encoded variants (as well as a variant using the Polish +\acro{QX} encoding); for the glyph set it covers, its outlines seem +rather cleaner than those of \Package{CM-super}. \Package{Latin} +\Package{Modern} is more modest in its disc space demands than is +\Package{CM-super}, while not being nearly as stark in its range of +design sizes as is \Package{CM-LGC}~--- \Package{Latin} +\Package{Modern}'s fonts are offered in the same set of sizes as the +original \Package{CM} fonts. It's hard to argue with the choice: +Knuth's range of sizes has stood the test of time, and is one of the +bases on which the excellence of the \TeX{} system rests. + +\Qref*{Virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts} help us deal with the problem, +since they allow us to map ``bits of \acro{DVI} file'' to single +characters in the virtual font; so we can create an ``\'e'' character +by recreating the \acro{DVI} commands that would result from the code +``\csx{'}\texttt{e}''. However, since this involves two characters being +selected from a font, the arrangement is sufficient to fool +\ProgName{Acrobat} \ProgName{Reader}: you can't use the program's +facilities for searching for text that contains inflected characters, +and if you \emph{cut} text from a window that contains such a +character, you'll find something unexpected (typically the accent and +the `base' characters separated by a space) when you \ProgName{paste} +the result. However, if you can live with this difficulty, virtual +fonts are a useful and straightforward solution to the problem. + +There are two virtual-font offerings of \acro{CM}-based 8-bit +fonts~--- the \Package{ae} (``almost \acro{EC}'') and +\Package{zefonts} sets; the \Package{zefonts} set has wider coverage +(though the \Package{ae} set may be extended to offer guillemets by +use of the \Package{aeguill} package). Neither offers characters such +as \texttt{eth} and \texttt{thorn} (used in, for example, in +Icelandic), but the \Package{aecompl} package works with the +\Package{ae} fonts to provide the missing characters from the +\acro{EC} fonts (i.e., as bitmaps). + +The sole remaining commercial \acro{CM}-like 8-bit font comes from +Micropress, who offer the complete \acro{EC} set +in Type~1 format, as part of their range of outline versions of fonts +that were originally distributed in \MF{} format. See +\Qref[question]{``commercial distributions''}{Q-commercial}. + +The shareware % ! line break +\Qref*{BaKoMa \TeX{} distribution}{Q-TeXsystems} offers a +set of Type~1 \acro{EC} fonts, as an extra shareware option. (As far +as the present author can tell, these fonts are \emph{only} available +to users of BaKoMa \TeX{}: they are stored in an archive format that +seems not to be publicly available.) + +Finally, you can use one of the myriad text fonts available in Type~1 +format (with appropriate \acro{PSNFSS} metrics for \acro{T}1 encoding, +or metrics for some other 8-bit encoding such as \acro{LY}1). However, +if you use someone else's text font (even something as simple as +Adobe's Times family) you have to find a matching family of +mathematical fonts, which is a non-trivial undertaking~--- +\htmlonly{see }\Qref{``choice of scalable fonts''}{Q-psfchoice}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}ae fonts]\CTANref{ae} +\item[aecompl.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{ae} +\item[aeguill.sty]\CTANref{aeguill} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}BaKoMa fonts]Browse \CTANref{bakoma-texfonts} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM-LGC fonts]\CTANref{cm-lgc} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CM-super fonts]\CTANref{cm-super} (beware: + very large download) +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Latin Modern fonts]\CTANref{lm} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}tt2001 fonts]\CTANref{tt2001} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}zefonts]\CTANref{zefonts} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-pkfix]{Replacing Type 3 fonts in \PS{}} + +One often comes across a \PS{} file generated by +\ProgName{dvips} which contains embedded \acro{PK} fonts; if you try +to generate \acro{PDF} from such a file, the quality will be poor. + +Of course, the proper solution is to regenerate the \PS{} file, +but if neither the sources nor the \acro{DVI} file are available, one +must needs resort to some sort of patching to replace the bitmap fonts +in the file by outline fonts. + +The program \ProgName{pkfix} (by Heiko Oberdiek) will do this +patching, for files created by ``not too old versions'' of +\ProgName{dvips}: it finds the fonts to be replaced by examining the +\PS{} comments \ProgName{dvips} has put in the file. For each +font, \ProgName{pkfix} puts appropriate \TeX{} commands in a file, +which it then processes and runs through \ProgName{dvips} (with switch +\texttt{-Ppdf}) to acquire an appropriate copy of the font; these copies are +then patched back into the original file. + +If your source file is older than \ProgName{pkfix} can deal with, +there's still a modicum of hope: \ProgName{pkfix-helper} examines the +bitmap fonts in a document, compares them with the metric +(\extension{tfm}) fonts on your system and comes to a view of which +font might be which. The program reports on ``poor'' matches, and +there are options for confirming, or replacing, its guesses. The +technique (which sounds implausible) is successful enough to be worth +a try. + +A further option is Frank Siegert's (shareware) +\href{http://www.pstill.com}{PStill}, which is capable of processing +the \PS{} it is distilling, and one option is to replace bitmap fonts +in the file with Type~1 versions. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[pkfix]\CTANref{pkfix} +\item[pkfix-helper]\CTANref{pkfix-helper} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-pdfpagelabels]{\Package{Hyperref} and repeated page numbers} + +The \Class{book} class (and its friends and relations) automatically +changes the display of page numbers in the frontmatter of the document +to lower-case roman. This is fine for human readers, but if +\Package{hyperref} has been misconfigured, the existence of pages have +the same page number can cause problems. Fortunately, the +configuration options to make \Package{hyperref} ``do the right +thing'' are (by default) set up to avoid problems. + +The two options in question are: +\begin{description} +\item[\pkgoption{plainpages=false}] Make page anchors using the + formatted form of the page number. With this option, + \Package{hyperref} writes different anchors for pages `ii' and `2'. + (This is the default value for the option, which is a % ! line break + \emph{good thing}\dots) + If the option is set `\texttt{true}' \Package{hyperref} writes page + anchors as the arabic form of the page number, rather than the + formatted form that gets printed; this is not usually appropriate. +\item[\pkgoption{pdfpagelabels}] Set \acro{PDF} page labels; i.e., + write the value of \csx{thepage} to the \acro{PDF} file so that + \Package{Acrobat Reader} can display the page number as (say) `ii (4 + of 40)' rather than simply `4 of 40'. +\end{description} +The two should be used whenever page numbering is not just +`1\texttt{..}\ensuremath{n}'; they may be used independently, but +usually are not. + +The recipe isn't perfect: it relies on \csx{thepage} being different +for every page in the document. A common problem arises when there is +an unnumbered title page, after which page numbers are reset: the +\PDFTeX{} warning of ``\Qref*{duplicate destinations}{Q-hyperdupdest}'' +will happen in this case, regardless of the options. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-srchpdf]{Searching \acro{PDF} files} + +In principle, you can search a \acro{PDF} file: the text of the file +is available to the viewer, and at least some viewers provide a search +facility. (It's not the fastest thing in the world, but it does help +in some circumstances.) + +However, there is a problem: the viewer wants to look at Unicode text, +but no ordinary \TeX{}-based system deals in Unicode text. +Fortunately for us Anglophones, this is is hardly ever a problem for +our text, since even Knuth's ``\acro{OT}1'' encoding matches ASCII (and hence +the lowest 128 characters of Unicode) for most things printable. +However, using the inflected characters of Continental European +languages, or anything that doesn't use a Latin alphabet, there is +potential for problems, since \TeX{}'s view of what a font is doesn't +map \acro{PDF}'s and the reader won't understand\dots{} + +\dots{} Unless you use the \Package{cmap} package with \PDFLaTeX{}, +that is. The package will instruct \PDFTeX{} to load character +maps into your \acro{PDF} for output fonts encoded according to the \acro{T}1 +(Western European Languages), T2A, T2B, or T2C (Cyrillic Languages), +or T5 (Vietnamese) encodings. If your document uses such encodings, +viewers that can search will use the maps to interpret what they find +in the file. + +Unfortunately, the package only works with fonts that are directly +encoded, such as the \FontName{cm-super} distribution. Fonts like Adobe +Times Roman (which are encoded for \AllTeX{} use via virtual fonts) +are not amenable to this treatment. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[cmap.sty]\CTANref{cmap} +\item[cm-super \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{cm-super} +\end{ctanrefs} + +% \Question[Q-hypertex]{The Hyper\tex{} project} +% +% The Hyper\TeX{} project extended the functionality of all the +% \LaTeX{} cross-referencing commands (including the table of contents) +% to produce \csx{special} commands which are parsed by \acro{DVI} processors +% conforming to the Hyper\TeX{} guidelines; +% it provides general hypertext links, including those +% to external documents. +% +% The Hyper\TeX{} specification says that conformant viewers/translators +% must recognize the following set of \csx{special} commands: +% \begin{description} +% \item[href:] |html:<a href = "href_string">| +% \item[name:] |html:<a name = "name_string">| +% \item[end:] |html:</a>| +% \item[image:] |html:<img src = "href_string">| +% \item[base\_name:] |html:<base href = "href_string">| +% \end{description} +% +% The \emph{href}, \emph{name} and \emph{end} commands are used to do +% the basic hypertext operations of establishing links between sections +% of documents. +% +% Further details are available on \URL{http://arXiv.org/hypertex/}; there +% are two commonly-used implementations of the specification, a +% modified \ProgName{xdvi} and (recent releases of) +% \ProgName{dvips}. Output from the latter may be used in recent +% releases of \ProgName{ghostscript} or Acrobat Distiller. + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-images.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-images.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..714c628f0af --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-images.tex @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} +\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview} +\begin{document} +\large + +% image 1: wobbly subscript +\begin{preview} + $ X^{1}_{2} X_{2} $ +\end{preview} + +% image 2: even subscript pushed down by null superscript +\begin{preview} + $ X^{1}_{2} X^{}_{2} $ +\end{preview} + +% image 3: simple use of maths: +\begin{preview} + \texttt{fi}\ensuremath\Rightarrow``fi'' +\end{preview} +\end{document} + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: t +%%% End: diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-install.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-install.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b65ecb06130 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-install.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@ +% $Id: faq-install.tex,v 1.16 2012/02/08 21:59:32 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Installing \AllTeX{} files} + +\Question[Q-installthings]{Installing things on a \AllTeX{} system} +\AliasQuestion{Q-instpackages} + +Installing (or replacing) things on your \AllTeX{} system has the +potential to be rather complicated; the following questions attempt to +provide a step-by-step approach, starting from the point where you've +decided what it is that you want to install: +\begin{itemize} +\item You must \Qref*{find the file you need}{Q-install-find}; +\item If you are going to install a \LaTeX{} package, you may need to + \Qref*{unpack the distributed files}{Q-install-unpack}; +\item It may be necessary to % ! line break + \Qref*{generate some documentation to read}{Q-install-doc}; +\item You need to % ! line break + \Qref*{decide where to install the files}{Q-install-where}; +\item You must now \Qref*{install the files}{Q-inst-wlcf}; and + finally +\item You may need to \Qref*{tidy up}{Q-inst-tidy} after the installation. +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-install-find]{Finding packages to install} + +How did you learn about the package? + +If the information came from these \acro{FAQ}s, you should already +have a link to the file (there are lists of packages at the end of +each answer). +\begin{narrowversion} + Make a browser link from \URL{http://mirror.ctan.org/} and the text + in the package list; if the link returns a directory listing, you can + generally retrieve the whole directory by appending the link with + \extension{zip}~--- so, for example + \URL{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc.zip} for the \latex{} + documentation directory. +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + Click on one of the links associated with the package, and you can + get the package (which may be one file or several). +% need separate wording for pdfversion and htmlversion, here +\end{wideversion} + +If you heard about the file somewhere else, it's possible that the +source told you where to look; if not, try the \acro{CTAN} searching +facilities, such as \URL{http://www.tex.ac.uk/search/}. That (rather +simple) search engine can return data from a search of the CTAN +catalogue (which covers most useful packages), or data from a search +of the names of files on the archive. + +Packages come in a variety of different styles of distribution; the +very simplest will actually offer just \File{package.sty}~--- in this +case, just download the file and % ! line break +\Qref*{get on with installation}{Q-inst-wlcf}. + +You will regularly find that the file you want (e.g., \File{foo.sty}) +is distributed in a \LaTeX{} documented source file \File{foo.dtx}; +thus you should search just for \emph{foo}~--- \File{foo.sty} won't be +visible anywhere on the archive or in the catalogue. + +Since most packages are distributed in this +\extension{dtx}/\extension{ins} way, they usually occupy their own +directory on the archive. Even if that directory contains other +packages, you should download everything in the directory: as often as +not, packages grouped in this way depend on each other, so that you +really \emph{need} the other ones. + +Having acquired the package distribution, % ! line break +``\Qref*{unpacking \LaTeX{} packages}{Q-install-unpack}'' outlines +your next step. + +\Question[Q-install-unpack]{Unpacking \LaTeX{} packages} + +As discussed \Qref*{elsewhere}{Q-dtx}, the `ordinary' way to +distribute a \LaTeX{} package is as a pair of files \File{package.dtx} +and \File{package.ins}. If you've acquired such a pair, you simply +process \File{package.ins} with \LaTeX{}, and the files will appear, +ready for installation. + +Other sorts of provision should ordinarily be accompanied by a +\File{README} file, telling you what to do; we list a few example +configurations. + +Sometimes, a directory comes with a bunch of \extension{dtx} files, but +fewer (often only one) \extension{ins} files (\LaTeX{} itself comes +looking like this). If there is more than one \extension{ins} file, +and in the absence of any instruction in the \File{README} file, simply +process the \extension{ins} file(s) one by one. + +If you're missing the \File{package.ins} altogether, you need to play +around until something works. Some \extension{dtx} files are +``self-extracting''~--- they do without an \extension{ins} file, and once +you've processed the \File{package.dtx}, \File{package.sty} has +automagically appeared. Various other oddities may appear, but the +archivists aim to have \File{README} file in every package, which +should document anything out of the ordinary with the distribution. + +\Question[Q-install-doc]{Generating package documentation} + +We are faced with a range of ``normal'' provision, as well as several +oddities. One should note that documentation of many packages is +available on \acro{CTAN}, without the need of any further effort by +the user~--- such documentation can usually be browsed \emph{in situ}. + +However, if you find a package that does not offer documentation on +the archive, or if you need the documentation in some other format +than the archive offers, you can usually generate the documentation +yourself from what you download from the archive. + +The standard mechanism, for \LaTeX{} packages, is simply to run +\LaTeX{} on the \File{package.dtx} file, as you would any ordinary +\LaTeX{} file (i.e., repeatedly until the warnings go away). + +A variant is that the unpacking process provides a file +\File{package.drv}; if such a thing appears, process it in preference +to the \File{package.dtx} (it seems that when the documented \LaTeX{} +source mechanism was first discussed, the \File{.drv} mechanism was +suggested, but it's not widely used nowadays). + +Sometimes, the \LaTeX{} run will complain that it can't find +\File{package.ind} (the code line index) and/or \File{package.gls} +(the list of change records, not as you might imagine, a glossary). +Both types of file are processed with special \ProgName{makeindex} +style files; appropriate commands are: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +makeindex -s gind package +makeindex -s gglo -o package.gls package.glo +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This author finds that the second (the change record) is generally of +limited utility when reading package documentation; it is, however, +valuable if you're part of the package development team. If you don't +feel you need it, just leave out that step + +Another common (and reasonable) trick performed by package authors is +to provide a separate file \File{package-doc.tex} or even simply +\File{manual.tex}; if the file \File{package.dtx} doesn't help, simply +look around for such alternatives. The files are treated in the same +way as any ``ordinary'' \LaTeX{} file. + +\Question[Q-inst-wlcf]{Installing files ``where \AllTeX{} can find them''} +\AliasQuestion{Q-wherefiles} + +In the past, package documentation used always to tell you to put your +files ``where \LaTeX{} can find them''; this was always unhelpful~--- +if you knew where that \emph{was}, you didn't need telling, but if you +\emph{didn't} know, you were completely stuck. + +It was from this issue that the whole idea of the \acro{TDS} sprang; +``where to put'' questions now come down to ``where's the \acro{TDS} +tree?''. + +We therefore answer the question by considering: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Qref*{what tree to use}{Q-what-TDS}, and +\item \Qref*{where in the tree to put the files}{Q-install-where}. +\end{itemize} + +Once we know the answer to both questions, and we've created any +directories that are needed, we simply copy files to their rightful +location. + +This has done what the old requirement specified: \LaTeX{} (or +whatever) \emph{can} (in principle) find the files. However, in order +that the software \emph{will} find the files, we need to update an +index file. + +On a \miktex{} system, open the window + \texttt{Start}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{All Programs}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{\miktex{} \meta{version}}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Settings}, +and click on \texttt{Refresh FNDB}. +The job may also be done in a command window, using the command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +initexmf --update-fndb +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The % ! line break +\href{http://docs.miktex.org/manual/initexmf.html}{\miktex{} documentation} +gives further details about \texttt{initexmf}. + +On a te\TeX{} or \texlive{}-based system, use the command +\texttt{texhash} (or if that's not available, \texttt{mktexlsr}~--- +they ought to be different names for the same program). + +Having done all this, the new package will be available for use. + +\Question[Q-what-TDS]{Which tree to use} + +In almost all cases, new material that you install should go into the +``local'' tree of your \AllTeX{} installation. (A discussion of +reasons \emph{not} to use the local tree appears below.) + +On a Unix(-alike) system, using te\TeX{} or \texlive{}, the root +directory will be named something like \path{/usr/share/texmf-local/} +or \path{/usr/local/share/texmf/} +You can ask such a system where it believes a local tree should be: +\begin{quote} + +\begin{verbatim} +kpsewhich -var-value TEXMFLOCAL +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the output being the actual path, for example (on the workstation the +author is using today): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +/usr/local/share/texmf +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +In a \miktex{} installation, the location will in fact typically be +something you specified yourself when you installed \miktex{} in the +first place, but you may find you need to create one. The \miktex{} +``Settings'' window (% + \texttt{Start}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Programs}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{\miktex{}}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Settings}) +has a tab ``\texttt{Roots}''; that tab gives a list of current +\acro{TDS} roots (they're typically not called +\texttt{texmf}-anything). If there's not one there with +``\texttt{local}'' in its name, create an appropriate one (see below), +and register it using the window's +``\texttt{Add}'' button. + +The % ! line break +\href{http://docs.miktex.org/faq/maintenance.html}{\miktex{} \acro{FAQ}} +suggests that you should create % ! line break +``\texttt{C:\textbackslash Local TeX Files}'', which is good if you +manage your own machine, but often not even possible in corporate, or +similar, environments~--- in such situations, the user may have no +control over the hard disc of the computer, at all. + +So the real criterion is that your local tree should be somewhere that +\emph{you}, rather than the system, control. Restrictive systems often +provide a ``home directory'' for each user, mounted as a network +drive; this is a natural home for the user's local tree. Other (often +academic) environments assume the user is going to provide a memory +stick, and will assign it a defined drive letter~--- another good +candidate location. Note that the semantics of such a tree are +indistinguishable from those of a % ! line break +\Qref*{``home'' \acro{TEXMF} tree}{Q-privinst}. + +There are circumstances when you might not wish to use the `local' tree: +\begin{itemize} +\item if the package, or whatever, is ``personal'' (for example, + something commercial that has been licensed to you alone, or + something you're developing yourself), it should go in your + \Qref*{``home'' \acro{TEXMF} tree}{Q-privinst}; +\item if you \emph{know} that the package you are installing is a + replacement for the copy on the \acro{TEXMF} tree of your \AllTeX{} + distribution, you should replace the existing copy in the + \acro{TEXMF} tree. +\end{itemize} +The reason one would put things on a local tree is to avoid their +disappearance if the system is upgraded (or otherwise re-installed). + +The reason one might place upgrades the distribution's main tree is to +avoid confusion. Suppose you were to place the file on the local +tree, and then install a new version of the distribution~--- you might +have an effect like: +\begin{itemize} +\item distribution comes with package version \ensuremath{n}; +\item you install package version \ensuremath{n+1} on the local tree; and +\item the updated distribution provides package version \ensuremath{n+2}. +\end{itemize} +In such a situation, you will find yourself using version +\ensuremath{n+1} (from the local tree) \emph{after} the new +distribution has been installed. + +If you install in the local tree, the only way to avoid such problems +is to carefully purge the local tree when installing a new +distribution. This is tedious, if you're maintaining a large +installation. + +\Question[Q-install-where]{Where to install packages} + +We assume here that you have decided what tree to put your files in, +after reading % ! line break +``\Qref*{choosing a \acro{TDS} tree}{Q-what-TDS}''. We will therefore +write \texttt{\$TEXMF} for it, and you need to substitute the tree +you decided on. + +The basic idea is to imitate the directory structure in your +existing tree(s). Here are some examples of where various sorts of +files should go: +\begin{verbatim} +.sty, .cls or .fd: $TEXMF/tex/<format>/<package>/ +.mf: $TEXMF/fonts/source/<supplier>/<font>/ +.tfm: $TEXMF/fonts/tfm/<supplier>/<font>/ +.vf: $TEXMF/fonts/vf/<supplier>/<font>/ +.afm: $TEXMF/fonts/afm/<supplier>/<font>/ +.pfb: $TEXMF/fonts/type1/<supplier>/<font>/ +.ttf: $TEXMF/fonts/truetype/<supplier>/<font>/ +.otf: $TEXMF/fonts/opentype/<supplier>/<font>/ +.pool, .fmt, .base or .mem: $TEXMF/web2c +\end{verbatim} +and for modern systems (those distributed in 2005 or later, using \acro{TDS} +v1.1 layouts): +\begin{verbatim} +.map: $TEXMF/fonts/map/<syntax>/<bundle>/ +.enc: $TEXMF/fonts/enc/<syntax>/<bundle>/ +\end{verbatim} +(Map and encoding files went to directories under +\File{$TEXMF/dvips/}, %$ +in earlier distributions.) + +In the lists above \meta{format} identifies the format the macros +are designed for~--- it can be things such as \texttt{plain}, +\texttt{generic} (i.e., any format), \texttt{latex} or +\texttt{context} (or several less common formats). + +For fonts, \meta{font} refers to the font family (such as \texttt{cm} +for Knuth's Computer Modern, \texttt{times} for Adobe's Times Roman). +The supplier is usually obvious~--- the supplier +``public'' is commonly used for free fonts. + +The \meta{syntax} (for \extension{map} and \extension{enc} files) is a +categorisation based on the way the files are written; candidates are +names of programs such as \ProgName{dvips} or \ProgName{pdftex}. + +``Straight'' \AllTeX{} input can take other forms than the +\extension{sty}, \extension{cls} or \extension{fd} listed above, too +(apart from the `obvious' \extension{tex}). Examples are (the +obvious) \extension{tex}, \extension{lfd} for \Package{babel} language +definitions, \extension{sto} and \extension{clo} for package and class +options, \extension{cfg} for configuration information, +\extension{def} for variants (such as the types of devices +\Package{graphics} drives). The \File{README} of the package should +tell you of any others, though sometimes that information is printed +when the package's \Qref*{comments are stripped}{Q-install-unpack}. +All of these files should live together with the main package files. + +Note that \meta{font} may stand for a single font or an entire family: +for example, files for all of Knuth's Computer Modern fonts are to be +found in \texttt{.../public/cm}, with various prefixes as appropriate. + +The font ``supplier'' \emph{public} is a sort of hold-all for +``free fonts produced for use with \AllTeX{}'': as well as Knuth's +fonts, \emph{public}'s directory holds fonts designed by others +(originally, but no longer exclusively, in \MF{}). + +Documentation for each package should all go, undifferentiated, into a +directory on the \path{doc/} subtree of the \acro{TDS}. The layout of +the subtree is slightly different: \path{doc/latex} hosts all +\LaTeX{} documentation directories, but more fundamental things are +covered, e.g., by \path{doc/etex} or \path{doc/xetex}. + +\Question[Q-inst-tidy]{Tidying up after installation} + +There's not usually a lot to do after you've completed the steps +above~--- indeed, if you're merely installed files direct from the +archive, or whatever, there will be precisely nothing left, by way of +debris. + +Things you might care to clean up are: +\begin{itemize} +\item the archive file, if you retrieved your data from the archive + as a \extension{zip} file, or the like; +\item the \extension{dtx} and \extension{ins} files, if you chose not + to install them with the documentation; and +\item the \extension{aux}, \extension{log}, \extension{idx}, etc., + from building the documentation. +\end{itemize} +A simple way of achieving all this is to download to a working +directory that was created for the purpose, and then to delete that +directory and all its contents after you've finished installing. + +\Question[Q-inst-scut]{Shortcuts to installing files} + +There are circumstances in which most of the fuss of installation can +be bypassed: +\begin{itemize} +\item If you are a \miktex{} user, the +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{\miktex{} package management system}{Q-inst-miktex*} + can usually help; +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + \miktex{} package management system can usually help + (\Qref{}{Q-inst-miktex*}); +\end{flatversion} +\item Similarly, if you are a \texlive{} user, the +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{\texlive{} manager}{Q-inst-texlive} + can usually help; +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + \texlive{} package management system can usually help + (\Qref{}{Q-inst-texlive}); +\end{flatversion} +\item The package you want may already exist as a \acro{ZIP} file +\begin{wideversion} + formatted for \Qref{direct installation}{Q-inst-tds-zip}. +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + formatted for direct installation (\Qref{}{Q-inst-tds-zip}). +\end{narrowversion} +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-inst-miktex*]{Installation using \miktex{} package manager} +\AliasQuestion{Q-inst-miktex} + +Packages for use with \miktex{} are maintained very efficiently by the +project managers (new packages and updates on \acro{CTAN} ordinarily +make their way to the \miktex{} package repository within a week). +Thus it makes sense for the \miktex{} user to take advantage of the +system rather than grinding through the steps of installation. + +\miktex{} maintains a database of packages it ``knows about'', +together with (coded) installation instructions that enable it to +install the packages with minimal user intervention; you can update +the database over the internet. + +If \miktex{} does know about a package you need installed, it's worth +using the system: +first, open the \miktex{} packages window: click on + \texttt{Start}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{Programs}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{MiKTeX}\arrowhyph{}% + \texttt{MiKTeX Options}, and select the + \texttt{Packages} tab. + +On the tab, there is an Explorer-style display of packages. +Right-click on the root of the tree, ``\texttt{MiKTeX Packages}'', +and select ``\texttt{Search}'': enter the name of the package you're +interested in, and press the ``\texttt{Search}'' button. If +\miktex{} knows about your package, it will open up the tree to show +you a tick box for your package: check that box. + +If you prefer a command-line utility, there's \ProgName{mpm}. Open a +command shell, and type: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +mpm --install=<package> +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(which of course assumes you know the name by which \miktex{} refers to +your package). + +\Question[Q-inst-texlive]{Installation using \texlive{} manager} + +\texlive{} manager (\ProgName{tlmgr}) is, by default, a shell (or +Windows terminal window) command. There is voluminous documentation +about it from the command +\begin{quote} + \texttt{tldoc tlmgr} +\end{quote} +but basic operation is pretty straightforward. The manager needs to +know where to download stuff from; the canonical setup is +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +tlmgr option repository \ + http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet +\end{verbatim} +(line wrapped to fit in the narrow column) +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +which passes the decision to the mirror selector. You can (of course) +specify a particular archive or mirror that you ``trust'', or even a +local disc copy that you keep up-to-date (disc space and bandwidth are +so cheap nowadays, that a ``home mirror'' of \acro{CTAN} is a feasible +proposition). + +To update a single package, use: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +tlmgr update <package> +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +To update everything you already have in your installation, use: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +tlmgr update --all +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-inst-tds-zip]{Installing using ready-built \acro{ZIP} files} + +Installing packages, as they (``traditionally'') appear on +\acro{CTAN}, involves: +\begin{itemize} +\item identifying where to put the various files on an \acro{TDS} + tree, +\item installing them, and +\item a few housekeeping operations. +\end{itemize} +Most people, for most packages, find the first two steps onerous, the +last being easy (unless it is forgotten!). + +Ready-built \acro{ZIP} files~--- also known as % ! line break +\Qref*{\acro{TDS}-\acro{ZIP} files}{Q-tds-zip}~--- are designed to lighten +the load of performing the first two steps of installation: they +contain all the files that are to be installed for a given +package, in their ``correct'' locations in a % ! line break +\Qref*{\acro{TDS} tree}{Q-tds}. + +To install such a file on a Unix system (we assume that you'll install +into the local \acro{TEXMF} tree, at \texttt{\$TEXMFLOCAL}): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +cd $TEXMFLOCAL +unzip $package.tds.zip +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +On a Windows system that is modern enough that it has a built-in +\acro{ZIP} unpacker, simply double-click on the file, and browse to +where it's to be unpacked. (We trust that those using earlier +versions of Windows will already have experience of using +\ProgName{WinZIP} or the like.) + +Having unpacked the \extension{zip} archive, in most cases the only +remaining chore is to update the file indexes~--- as in % ! line break +\Qref*{normal installation instructions}{Q-inst-wlcf}. However, if +the package provides a font, you also need to enable the font's map, +which is discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{Installing a Type~1 font}{Q-instt1font}'' +\LastEdit{2012-02-08} + +\Question[Q-tempinst]{``Temporary'' installation of \AllTeX{} files} + +Operating systems and applications need to know where to find files: +many files that they need are ``just named''~--- the user doesn't +necessarily know \emph{where} they are, but knows to ask for them. +The commonest case, of course, is the commands whose names you type to +a shell (yes, even Windows' ``\MSDOS{} prompt'') are using a shell to read what +you type: many of the commands simply involve loading and executing a +file, and the \texttt{PATH} variable tells the shell where to find those files. + +Modern \TeX{} implementations come with a bunch of search paths +built in to them. In most circumstances these paths are adequate, but +one sometimes needs to extend them to pick up files in strange +places: for example, we may wish to try a new bundle of packages +before \Qref*{installing them `properly'}{Q-installthings}. To do +this, we need to change the relevant path as \TeX{} perceives it. +However, we don't want to throw away \TeX{}'s built-in path (all of a +sudden, \TeX{} won't know how to deal with all sorts of things). + +To \emph{extend} a \TeX{} path, we define an operating system +environment variable in `path format', but leaving a gap which \TeX{} +will fill with its built-in value for the path. The commonest case is +that we want to place our extension in front of the path, so that our +new things will be chosen in preference, so we leave our `gap to be +filled' at the end of the environment variable. The syntax is simple +(though it depends which shell you're actually using): so on a +Unix-like system, using the \ProgName{bash} shell, the job might be +done like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +export TEXINPUTS=/tmp: +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +while in a Windows system, within a \MSDOS{} window, it would be: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +set TEXINPUTS=C:/temp; +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In either case, we're asking \TeX{} to load files from the root disc +temporary files directory; in the Unix case, the ``empty slot'' is +designated by putting the path separator `|:|' on its own at the end +of the line, while in the Windows case, the technique is the same, but +the path separator is `|;|'. + +Note that in either sort of system, the change will only affect +instances of \TeX{} that are started from the shell where the +environment variable was set. If you run \TeX{} from another window, +it will use the original input path. To make a change of input path +that will ``stick'' for all windows, set the environment variable in +your login script or profile (or whatever) in a Unix system and log +out and in again, or in \File{autoexec.bat} in a Windows system, and +reboot the system. + +While all of the above has talked about where \TeX{} finds its macro +files, it's applicable to pretty much any sort of file any +\TeX{}-related program reads~--- there are lots of these paths, and of +their corresponding environment variables. In a +\ProgName{web2c}-based system, the copious annotations in the +\File{texmf.cnf} system configuration file help you to learn which +path names correspond to which type of file. + +\Question[Q-privinst]{``Private'' installations of files} + +It sometimes happens that you need a new version of some macro package +or font, but that the machine you use is maintained by someone who's +unwilling to update and won't give you privileges to do the job +yourself. A \Qref*{``temporary'' installation}{Q-tempinst} is +sometimes the correct approach, but if there's the slightest chance +that the installation will be needed on more than one project, +temporary installations aren't right. + +In circumstances where you have plenty of quota on backed-up media, or +adequate local scratch space, the correct approach is to create a +private installation of \AllTeX{} which includes the new stuff you +need; this is the ideal, but is not generally possible. + +So, since you can't install into the public \texttt{texmf} tree, you +have to install into a \File{texmf} tree of your own; fortunately, the +\acro{TDS} standard allows for this, and modern distributions allow +you to do it. The most modern distributions refer to the tree as +\texttt{\$TEXMFHOME}, but it used to be called \texttt{\$HOMETEXMF}; +so to check that your \TeX{} system does indeed support the mechanism +you should start with +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +kpsewhich -var-value TEXMFHOME +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(for example). This will almost invariably return a pointer to a +subdirectory \File{texmf} of your home directory; the commonest +exception is Macintoshes, using Mac\TeX{}, where the diretory is +conventionally \File{Library/texmf} in your home directory. + +If you can confirm that the technique does indeed work, install your +new package (or whatever) in the \Qref*{correct place}{Q-install-where} +in a tree based on \File{$HOME/texmf}, %$ +and generate an index of that tree +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +texhash $HOME/texmf +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the argument specifies which tree you are indexing: it's necessary +since you don't, by hypothesis, have access to the main tree, and +\ProgName{texhash} without the argument would try to write the main +tree. + +There are two wrinkles to this simple formula: first, the installation +you're using may \emph{not} define a home TEXMF directory, and second, +there may be some obstruction to using \File{$HOME/texmf} %$ +as the +default name. In either case, a good solution is to have your own +\File{texmf.cnf}~--- an idea that sounds more frightening that it +actually is. The installation's existing file may be located with the +command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +kpsewhich texmf.cnf +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Take a copy of the file and put it into a directory of your own; this +could be any directory, but an obvious choice is the \File{web2c} +directory of the tree you want to create, i.e., +\File{$HOME/texmf/web2c} %$ +or the like. Make an environment variable to +point to this directory: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +TEXMFCNF=$HOME/texmf/web2c +export TEXMFCNF +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(for a Bourne shell style system), or +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +setenv TEXMFCNF $HOME/texmf/web2c +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(for a C-shell style system). Now edit the copy of \File{texmf.cnf} + +There will be a line in the existing file that defines the tree where +everything searches; the simplest form of the line is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +TEXMF = !!$TEXMFMAIN +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +but, there are likely to be several alternative settings behind +comment markers (``\texttt{\textpercent}''), and the person who +installed your system may have left them there. Whatever, you need to +modify the line that's in effect: change the above to three lines: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +HOMETEXMF = $HOME/texmf +TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} +% TEXMF = !!$TEXMFMAIN +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the important point being that \texttt{\$HOMETEXMF} must come before +whatever was there before, inside the braces. For example, if the +original was +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +TEXMF = {!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +it should be converted to: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +HOMETEXMF = $HOME/texmf +TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,!!$LOCALTEXMF, + !!$TEXMFMAIN} +% TEXMF = {!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} +\end{verbatim} +{\small Note that the \texttt{TEXMF} line is only wrapped to make it + fit in the column; there should be no line break or space between + the final comma on the line and the \texttt{!!} on the next line.\par +}% +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +HOMETEXMF = $HOME/texmf +TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} +% TEXMF = {!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +(retaining the original, as a comment, is merely an aide-memoir in +case you need to make another change, later). The \texttt{!!} signs +tell the file-searching library that it should insist on a +\ProgName{texhash}-ed directory tree; if you can count on yourself +remembering to run \ProgName{texhash} on your new tree every time you +change it, then it's worth adding the marks to your tree: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +TEXMF = {!!$HOMETEXMF,!!$LOCALTEXMF, + !!$TEXMFMAIN} +\end{verbatim} +{\small Note that the line is only wrapped to make it + fit in the column; there should be no line break or space between + the final comma on the line and the \texttt{!!} on the next line.\par +}% +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +TEXMF = {!!$HOMETEXMF,!!$LOCALTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +as this will make \AllTeX{} find its files marginally faster. + +Having made all these changes, \AllTeX{} should ``just use'' files in +your new tree, in preference to anything in the main tree~--- you can +use it for updates to packages in the main tree, as well as for +installing new versions of things. +\LastEdit{2011-04-13} + +\Question[Q-instfont]{Installing a new font} + +Fonts are really ``just another package'', and so should be installed +in the same sort of way as packages. However, fonts tend to be more +complicated than the average package, and as a result it's sometimes +difficult to see the overall structure. + +Font files may appear in any of a large number of different formats; +each format has a different function in a \TeX{} system, and each is +stored in a directory its own sub-tree in the installation's +\acro{TDS} tree; all these sub-trees have the directory +\File{$TEXMF/fonts} %$ +as their root. A sequence of answers\nothtml{, below,} describes the +installation of fonts\latexhtml{.}{:} +\begin{htmlversion} +follow the list through the ``next question'' links at the bottom of +this answer to view them all. +\end{htmlversion} +Other answers discuss specific font families~--- for example, +% ! line break +``\Qref*{using the concrete fonts}{Q-concrete}''. + +\Question[Q-instmffont]{Installing a font provided as \MF{} source} + +Installing Metafont fonts is (by comparison with other sorts of font) rather +pleasingly simple. Nowadays, they are mostly distributed just as the +\MF{} source, since modern \TeX{} distributions are able to produce +everything the user needs ``on the fly''; however, if the distribution +\emph{does} include \acro{TFM} files, install them too, since they +save a little time and don't occupy much disc space. Always distrust +distributions of \acro{PK} font bitmap files: there's no way of +learning from them what printer they were generated for, and naming +schemes under different operating systems are another source of +confusion. + +``\Qref*{Where to install files}{Q-install-where}'' +specifies where the files should go. + +Further confusion is introduced by font families whose authors devise rules +for automatic generation of \MF{} sources for generating fonts at +particular sizes; the installation has to know about the rules, as +otherwise it cannot generate font files. No general advice is +available, but most such font families are now obsolescent. + +\Question[Q-instprinterfont]{`Installing' a \PS{} printer built-in font} + +There is a ``standard'' set of fonts that has appeared in every \PS{} +printer since the second generation of the type. These fonts +(8~families of four text fonts each, and three special-purpose fonts) +are of course widely used, because of their simple availability. The +set consists of: +\begin{itemize} +\item \FontName{Times} family (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{Palatino} family (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{New} \FontName{Century} \FontName{Schoolbook} family (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{Bookman} family (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{Helvetica} family (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{Avant} \FontName{Garde} (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{Courier} family (4 fonts) +\item \FontName{Utopia} family (4 fonts) +\item Zapf \FontName{Chancery} (1 font) +\item Zapf \FontName{Dingbats} (1 font) +\item \FontName{Symbol} (1 font) +\end{itemize} +All these fonts are supported, for \LaTeX{} users, by the +\Package{psnfss} set of metrics and support files in the file +\File{lw35nfss.zip} on \acro{CTAN}. Almost any remotely modern \TeX{} +system will have some version of \Package{psnfss} installed, but +users should note that the most recent version has much improved +coverage of maths with \FontName{Times} (see package +\Package{mathptmx}) and with \FontName{Palatino} (see package +\Package{mathpazo}, as well as a more reliable set of font metrics. + +The archive \File{lw35nfss.zip} is laid out according to the +\acro{TDS}, so in principle, installation consists simply of +``unzipping'' the file at the root of a \path{texmf} tree. + +Documentation of the \Package{psnfss} bundle is provided in +\File{psnfss2e.pdf} in the distribution. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[mathpazo.sty]Part of the \Package{psnfss} bundle +\item[mathptmx.sty]Part of the \Package{psnfss} bundle +\item[psnfss \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{psnfss} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-prept1font]{Preparing a Type~1 font} + +The process of installing a Type~1 font set is rather convoluted, and +we will deal with it in two chunks: first (in the present answer) +preparing the font for installation, and second % ! line break +\Qref*{installing a Type~1 font}{Q-instt1font}). + +Many fonts are supplied in \AllTeX{} ready form: such fonts need no +preparation, and may be installed immediately. + +However, if you purchase a font from a Type foundry (either direct or +via one of the web stores), you are likely to need to `prepare' it for +use with \AllTeX{}. The rest of this answer discusses this preparation. +\begin{itemize} +\item Acquire the font. A very small set of Type~1 fonts is installed + in most \PS{} printers you will encounter. For those few (whose use + is covered by the basic \acro{PSNFSS} package), you don't need the + Type~1 font itself, to be able to print using the font. + + For all the myriad other Type~1 fonts, to be able to print using + the font you need the Type~1 file itself. Some of these are + available for free (they've either been donated to the public + domain, or were developed as part of a free software project), but + the vast majority are commercial products, requiring you to spend + real money. +\item Acquire the fonts' \acro{AFM} files. \acro{AFM} files contain + information from the font foundry, about the sizes of the characters + in the font, and how they fit together. One measure of the quality + of a font-supplier is that they provide the \acro{AFM} files by + default: if the files are not available, you are unlikely to be able + to use the font with \AllTeX{}. +\item Rename the \acro{AFM} files and the Type~1 files to match the + \Qref*{Berry font naming scheme}{Q-fontname}. +\item Generate \TeX{} metric files from the \acro{AFM} files. The + commonest tool for this task is \Package{fontinst}; the package + documentation helps, but other guides are available (see below). + The simplest possible script to pass to \Package{fontinst} is: + \begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\latinfamily{xyz}{} +\bye +\end{verbatim} + \end{quote} + where \texttt{xyz} is the Berry name of the font family. This + simple script is adequate for most purposes: its output covers the + font family in both \acro{T}1 and \acro{OT}1 font encodings. Nevertheless, + with fancier fonts, more elaborate things are possible with + \Package{fontinst}: see its documentation for details. + + \Package{Fontinst} also generates map files, and \LaTeX{} font + definition (\extension{fd}) files. +\end{itemize} +Having traversed this list, you have a set of font files ready for +installation. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fontinst.sty]\CTANref{fontinst} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Type 1 installation guide]\CTANref{T1instguide} +\end{ctanrefs} + + +\Question[Q-instt1font]{Installing a Type~1 font} + +Once you have a prepared Type~1 font, either direct from \acro{CTAN} +or the like, or having \Qref*{`prepared' it yourself}{Q-prept1font}, +you can get on with installation. + +The procedure is merely an extension of that for packages, etc., so +much of what follows will be familiar: +\begin{itemize} +\item Install the files, in your local \texttt{texmf} tree (the advice + about installing non-standard things applies here, too). The + following list gives reasonable destinations for the various files + related to a font family \meta{fname}: +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +.pfb, +.pfa .../fonts/type1/<foundry>/<fname> +.tfm .../fonts/tfm/<foundry>/<fname> +.vf .../fonts/vf/<foundry>/<fname> +.sty, +.fd .../tex/latex/<fname> +.map .../fonts/map/dvips/<foundry> +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +.pfb, +.pfa .../fonts/type1/<foundry>/<fname> +.tfm .../fonts/tfm/<foundry>/<fname> +.vf .../fonts/vf/<foundry>/<fname> +.sty, +.fd .../tex/latex/<fname> +.map .../fonts/map/dvips/<foundry> +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} + but if you are lucky, you will be starting from a distribution from + \acro{CTAN} and there is a corresponding \extension{tds.zip} file: + using this \acro{TDS}-file saves the bother of deciding where to put + your files in the \acro{TDS} tree. +\item Regenerate the file indexes (as described in + \Qref[question]{package installation}{Q-inst-wlcf}). +\item Update the \ProgName{dvips}, \PDFTeX{} and other maps: + \begin{itemize} + \item On any current \texlive{}-based system, or a te\TeX{} v3.0 + system, execute the command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +updmap-sys --enable Map <fname>.map +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + as root. (If you \emph{can} use \ProgName{updmap-sys}~--- do; if + not~--- presumably because your \alltex{} system was set up by + someone else~--- you have to fall back on plain \ProgName{updmap}, + but be aware that it's a potent source of confusion, setting up + map sets that might be changed behind your back.) + \item On a current \miktex{} system, update the system file + \File{updmap.cfg}, using the shell command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +initexmf --edit-config-file updmap +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + adding a line at the end: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Map <fname>.map +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + for each font family \meta{fname} you are adding to the system. + Now generate revised maps with the shell command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +initexmf --mkmaps +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + This, and other matters, are described in \miktex{} % beware line break + \href{http://docs.miktex.org/manual/advanced.html}{``advanced'' documentation}. + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +Both processes (preparing and installing a font) are very well (and +thoroughly) described in Philipp Lehman's guide to font installation, +which may be found on \acro{CTAN}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fontinst.sty]\CTANref{fontinst} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Type 1 installation guide]\CTANref{T1instguide} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-inst1cm]{Installing the Type~1 versions of the CM~fonts} + +This is a specialised case of \Qref*{installing a font}{Q-instfont}, +but it is almost never necessary~--- it's inconceivable that any (even +remotely) recent system will \emph{not} have the fonts already +installed. You can confirm this (near-inevitable) fact by trying the +fonts. On a system that uses \ProgName{dvips} (almost all do), try +the sequence: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +latex sample2e +dvips -o sample2e.ps sample2e +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +at a ``command prompt'' (\ProgName{shell}, in a Unix-style system, +``\acro{DOS} box'' in a Windows system). + +If the command works at all, the console output of the command will +include a sequence of Type~1 font file names, listed as +\texttt{<\emph{path}/cmr10.pfb>} and so on; this is \ProgName{dvips} +telling you it's copying information from the Type~1 font, and you +need do no more. + +If the test has failed, you need to install your own set of the fonts; +the distribution (including all the fonts the \acro{AMS} designed and +produced themselves) is now described as \Package{amsfonts}. The +bundle contains metric and map files~--- all you need to +\Qref*{install the fonts}{Q-instt1font}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[AMS and CM fonts, in Type 1 format]\CTANref{amsfonts} +\end{ctanrefs} + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-intro.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-intro.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ca9381369b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-intro.tex @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +% $Id: faq-intro.tex,v 1.30 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +% this environment is for the benefit of new-style file generation +\begin{introduction} +% suppress section numbers until end environment +\nothtml{\csname c@secnumdepth\endcsname=-1 } +\section{Introduction} + +This is a set of Frequently Asked Questions (\acro{FAQ}) for +English-speaking users of \TeX{}. + +The questions answered here cover a wide range of topics, but +typesetting issues are mostly covered from the viewpoint of a \LaTeX{} +user. Some of the questions answered have little relevance to today's +users; this is inevitable~--- it's easier to add information than it +is to decide that information is no longer needed. The set of +answered questions is therefore in a state of slow flux: new questions +are answered, while old questions are deleted~\dots{}~but the whole +process depends on the time available for \acro{FAQ} maintenance. +<p/> +You may use the \acro{FAQ} +\begin{itemize} +\item by reading a printed document, +\item by viewing a \acro{PDF} file, with hyperlinks to assist + browsing: copies are available formatted so that they could be + printed on \CTANhref{faq-a4}{A4 paper} or on % ! line break + \CTANhref{faq-letter}{North American ``letter'' paper}, \htmlonly{or} +\begin{typesetversion} +\item by using the \acro{FAQ}'s web interface (base \acro{URL}: + \URL{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}); this version provides simple + search capabilities, as well as a link to Google for a more + sophisticated search restricted to the \acro{FAQ} itself, or +\end{typesetversion} +\item via Scott Pakin's \CTANhref{visualFAQ}{Visual FAQ}, which shows + \LaTeX{} constructions with links to \acro{FAQ} explanations of how + they may be created. +\end{itemize} + +\subsection{Finding the Files} +\begin{typesetversion} +Unless otherwise specified, all files mentioned in this \acro{FAQ} +are available from a \ctan{} archive, or from a mirror of +\ctan{}~--- see \Qref[question]{later discussion}{Q-archives}% ! space +\narrowonly{, which gives details} of the \ctan{} +archives\wideonly{ and}\narrowonly{, including} how to retrieve files +from them. +%% If you don't have access to the internet, the +%% \Qref*{\texlive{} distribution}{Q-CD} offers off-line snapshots of the +%% archives. + +The reader should also note that the first directory name of the path +name of every file on \ctan{} is omitted from what follows, for +the simple reason that, while it's always the same +(\path{tex-archive/}) on the main sites, mirror sites often choose +something else. + +To avoid confusion, we also omit the full stop from the end of any +sentence whose last item is a path name (such sentences are rare, and +only occur at the end of paragraphs). Though the path names are set +in a different font from running text, it's not easy to distinguish +the font of a single dot! +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} +Almost all files suggested in any answer in these \acro{FAQ}s are +available from \Qref{\ctan{} archives}{Q-archives}, and may be +reached via links in the file list at the end of the answer. In +particular, documentation (when available) is linked from the +\ctan{} Catalogue entry, which is also listed in the file list. + +Unless doing so is unavoidable, the answers do not mention things that +are not on the \ctan{} archives. An obvious exception is web +resources such as supplementary documents, etc. +\end{htmlversion} + +\begin{typesetversion} + \subsection*{Origins} +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} + \textbf{Origins} +\end{htmlversion} +The \acro{FAQ} was originated by the Committee of the \acro{UK} +\TeX{} Users' Group (\acro{UK}~\acro{TUG}), in 1994, as a development of a +regular posting to the \emph{Usenet} newsgroup +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} that was maintained for some time by Bobby +Bodenheimer. The first \acro{UK} version was much re-arranged and +corrected from the original, and little of Bodenheimer's work now +remains. + +\htmlignore +The following people (at least~--- there are almost certainly others +whose names weren't correctly recorded) have contributed help or +advice on the development of the \acro{FAQ}: +William Adams, % spotting dead url +Donald Arseneau, % indefatigable +Rosemary Bailey, % lots of initial set of maths answers +Barbara Beeton, % one of first reviewers outside cttee +Karl Berry, % often provides comments & suggestions +Giuseppe Bilotta, +Charles Cameron, +Fran\c{c}ois Charette, % update of q-xetex +Damian Cugley, +Michael Dewey, +Michael Downes, % (RIP) on (ams)maths stuff +Jean-Pierre Drucbert, % corrected my interpretation of minitoc +David Epstein, % comment on q-algorithms, suggestion of tex-sx +Michael Ernst, % alert on confusing colloquialism +Thomas Esser, +Ulrike Fischer, % spotted boondoggle in q-tabcellalign + % args like \section improvement; general typos +Bruno Le Floch, % alert to mess in q-latex3 +Anthony Goreham, +Norman Gray, +Enrico Gregorio, % new definition for q-seccntfmt +Werner Grundlingh, % xparse for *-commands +Eitan Gurari, % (RIP) comparative html translators +William Hammond, % lots of work on xml-related answers +John Hammond, % corrections to q-protect +John Harper, % patient help with q-robust ;-) +Gernot Hassenpflug, % impetus and suggestions for q-printvar +Troy Henderson, % metapost tutorials update +Hartmut Henkel, +Stephan Hennig, % text about vc in Q-RCS +John Hobby, +Morten H\textoslash gholm, % eagle eyes in search for problems +Berthold Horn, % lots of stuff on fonts +Ian Hutchinson, % comparative html translators +Werner Icking, % (RIP) answer on tex-music +William Ingram, % extension of transcinit +David Jansen, % error in errmissitem example code +Alan Jeffrey, % another founding father +Regnor Jernsletten, +David Kastrup, % inter alia, suggested mention of lilypond +Oleg Katsitadze, % revision of q-eplain +Isaac Khabaza, % kindersley book +Ulrich Klauer, % pointed out twaddle in TeXpronounce +Markus Kohm, % help with functionality of Koma-script +Stefan Kottwitz % picked up text of q-wideflt +David Kraus, % help with tocbibind (spotted embarrassing typo :-} ) +Ryszard Kubiak, % comment about q-driver +Simon Law, +Uwe L\"uck, % correction of typo +Daniel Luecking, % typos +Aditya Mahajan, % rewrite of q-context +Sanjoy Mahajan, +Diego Andres Alvarez Marin, % suggestion of lacheck +Andreas Matthias, % most recently q-isitanum +Steve Mayer, % proof reading +Brooks Moses, % editorial suggestion +Peter Moulder, % improvement of q-widows +Iain Murray, % alternative solution in q-hyperdupdest +Vilar Camara Neto, % explain breakurl pkg, suggest use of numprint +Dick Nickalls, +Ted Nieland, +Hans Nordhaug, +Pat Rau, +Heiko Oberdiek, +Piet van Oostrum, +Scott Pakin, % bug reports (at least) +Oren Patashnik, +Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, % improvement of q-luatex +Steve Peter, % comprehensive review, lots of typos etc +Sebastian Rahtz, % without whom there would be no... +Philip Ratcliffe, % help with a bibtex oddity, editorial comment +Chris Rowley, % founding father +Jos\'e Carlos Santos, % assiduous reader of new versions +Walter Schmidt, +Hans-Peter Schr\"ocker, +Joachim Schrod, +Uwe Siart, % correction for manymathalph +Maarten Sneep, % summary of c.t.t thread for outszwrng, inter alia +Axel Sommerfeldt, % suggested rewrite of q-hyperdupdest +Philipp Stephani, % xlation of komascript keyval stuff +James Szinger, % who responded on c.t.t to request for answer +Nicola Talbot, % correction of link +Bob Tennent, % urw classico + sansmath +Tomek Trzeciak, % suggested docmute and standalone together +Ulrik Vieth, +Mike Vulis, % details of micropress offerings +Chris Walker, % revtex alert, ite suggestion (q-labelfig) +Peter Wilson, % several, incl functionality of memoir +Joseph Wright, % help with keyval, l3keys, etc. +Rick Zaccone, +Gregor Zattler % typo spotted +and +Reinhard Zierke. + +That list does \emph{not} cover the many people whose ideas were +encountered on various lists, newsgroups or (lately) web forums. Many +such people have helped, even if simply to highlight an area in which +\acro{FAQ} work would be useful. +\endhtmlignore +% \LastEdit{2013-01-28} % not to be typeset or converted to html... +\end{introduction} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-jot-err.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-jot-err.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..23dd355da04 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-jot-err.tex @@ -0,0 +1,2415 @@ +% $Id: faq-jot-err.tex,v 1.23 2012/11/10 14:25:12 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{The joy of \TeX{} errors} + +\Question[Q-erroradvice]{How to approach errors} + +Since \TeX{} is a macroprocessor, its error messages are often +difficult to understand; this is a (seemingly invariant) property of +macroprocessors. Knuth makes light of the problem in the \TeX{}book, +suggesting that you acquire the sleuthing skills of a latter-day +Sherlock Holmes; while this approach has a certain romantic charm to +it, it's not good for the `production' user of \AllTeX{}. This +answer (derived, in part, from an article by Sebastian Rahtz in +\TUGboat{} 16(4)) offers some general guidance in dealing with \TeX{} +error reports, and other answers in this section deal with common (but +perplexing) errors that you may encounter. There's a long list of +``hints'' in Sebastian's article, including the following: +\begin{itemize} +\item Look at \TeX{} errors; those messages may seem cryptic at first, + but they often contain a straightforward clue to the problem. See + \Qref[question]{the structure of errors}{Q-errstruct} for further + details. +\item Read the \extension{log} file; it contains hints to things you may + not understand, often things that have not even presented as error + messages. +\item Be aware of the amount of context that \TeX{} gives you. The + error messages gives you some bits of \TeX{} code (or of the + document itself), that show where the error ``actually happened''; + it's possible to control how much of this `context' \TeX{} actually + gives you. \LaTeX{} (nowadays) instructs \TeX{} only to give you + one line of context, but you may tell it otherwise by saying +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setcounter{errorcontextlines}{999} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + in the preamble of your document. (If you're not a confident macro + programmer, don't be ashamed of cutting that 999 down a bit; some + errors will go on and \emph{on}, and spotting the differences + between those lines can be a significant challenge.) +\item As a last resort, tracing can be a useful tool; reading a full + \AllTeX{} trace takes a strong constitution, but once you know how, + the trace can lead you quickly to the source of a problem. You need + to have read the \TeX{}book (see +% beware line break + \Qref[question]{books about \TeX{}}{Q-tex-books}) in some detail, fully + to understand the trace. + + The command \csx{tracingall} sets up maximum tracing; it also sets + the output to come to the interactive terminal, which is somewhat of + a mixed blessing (since the output tends to be so vast~--- all but + the simplest traces are best examined in a text editor after the event). + + The \LaTeX{} \Package{trace} package (first distributed with the + 2001 release of \LaTeX{}) provides more manageable tracing. Its + \csx{traceon} command gives you what \csx{tracingall} offers, but + suppresses tracing around some of the truly verbose parts of + \LaTeX{} itself. The package also provides a \csx{traceoff} + command (there's no ``off'' command for \csx{tracingall}), and a + package option (|logonly|) allows you to suppress output to the + terminal. +\end{itemize} +The best advice to those faced with \TeX{} errors is not to panic: +most of the common errors are plain to the eye when you go back to the +source line that \TeX{} tells you of. If that approach doesn't work, +the remaining answers in this section deal with some of the odder +error messages you may encounter. You should not ordinarily need to +appeal to the \Qref*[question]{wider public}{Q-gethelp} +for assistance, but if you do, be sure to +report full backtraces (see |errorcontextlines| above) and so on. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[trace.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[trace] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-errstruct]{The structure of \TeX{} error messages} + +\TeX{}'s error messages are reminiscent of the time when \TeX{} itself +was conceived (the 1970s): they're not terribly user-friendly, though +they do contain all the information that \TeX{} can offer, usually in +a pretty concise way. + +\TeX{}'s error reports all have the same structure: +\begin{itemize} +\item An error message +\item Some `context' +\item An error prompt +\end{itemize} +The error message will relate to the \emph{\TeX{}} condition that is +causing a problem. Sadly, in the case of complex macro packages such +as \LaTeX{}, the underlying \TeX{} problem may be superficially +difficult to relate to the actual problem in the ``higher-level'' +macros. Many \LaTeX{}-detected problems manifest themselves as +`generic' errors, with error text provided by \LaTeX{} itself (or by a +\LaTeX{} class or package). + +The context of the error is a stylised representation of what \TeX{} +was doing at the point that it detected the error. As noted in +\Qref[question]{approaching errors}{Q-erroradvice}, a macro package +can tell \TeX{} how much context to display, and the user may need to +undo what the package has done. Each line of context is split at the +point of the error; if the error \emph{actually} occurred in a macro +called from the present line, the break is at the point of the call. +(If the called object is defined with arguments, the ``point of call'' +is after all the arguments have been scanned.) For example: +\begin{verbatim} +\blah and so on +\end{verbatim} +produces the error report +\begin{verbatim} +! Undefined control sequence. +l.4 \blah + and so on +\end{verbatim} +while: +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\blah}[1]{\bleah #1} +\blah{to you}, folks +\end{verbatim} +produces the error report +\begin{verbatim} +! Undefined control sequence. +\blah #1->\bleah + #1 +l.5 \blah{to you} + , folks +\end{verbatim} +If the argument itself is in error, we will see things such as +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\blah}[1]{#1 to you} +\blah{\bleah}, folks +\end{verbatim} +producing +\begin{verbatim} +! Undefined control sequence. +<argument> \bleah + +l.5 \blah{\bleah} + , folks +\end{verbatim} + +The prompt accepts single-character commands: the list of what's +available may be had by typing |?|\@. One immediately valuable +command is |h|, which gives you an expansion of \TeX{}s original +pr\'ecis message, sometimes accompanied by a hint on what to do to +work round the problem in the short term. If you simply type `return' +(or whatever else your system uses to signal the end of a line) at the +prompt, \TeX{} will attempt to carry on (often with rather little +success). + +\Question[Q-extrabrace]{An extra `\texttt{\cbracesymbol{}}'??} +\keywords{caption heading} + +You've looked at your \LaTeX{} source and there's no sign of a misplaced +\texttt{\cbracesymbol{}} on the line in question. + +Well, no: this is \TeX{}'s cryptic way of hinting that you've put a +\begin{wideversion} % hyper +\Qref{fragile command}{Q-protect} in a moving argument. +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +fragile command in a moving argument (\Qref{}{Q-protect}). +\end{narrowversion} + +For example, \csx{footnote} is fragile, and if we put that in the +moving argument of a \csx{section} command, as +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\section{Mumble\footnote{% + I couldn't think of anything better}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\section{Mumble\footnote{I couldn't think of anything better}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +we get told +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Argument of \@sect has an extra }. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The same happens with captions (the following is a simplification of a +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} post): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\caption{Energy: \[e=mc^2\]} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +giving us the error message +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Argument of \@caption has an extra }. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The similar (but more sensible): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\caption{Energy: \(e=mc^2\)} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +is more tiresome, still: there's no error when you first run the +job~\dots{} but there is on the second pass, when the list of figures +(or tables) is generated, giving: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Bad math environment delimiter. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +in the \csx{listoffigures} processing. + +The solution is usually to use a robust command in place of the one +you are using, or to force your command to be robust by prefixing it +with \csx{protect}, which in the \csx{section} case would show as +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\section{Mumble\protect\footnote{% + I couldn't think of anything better}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\section{Mumble\protect\footnote{I couldn't think of anything better}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +However, in both the \csx{section} case and the \csx{caption} case, +you can separate the moving argument, as in +\cmdinvoke*{section}[moving]{static}; this gives us another standard +route~--- simply to omit (or otherwise sanitise) the fragile command +in the moving argument. So, one might rewrite the \csx{caption} +example as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\caption[Energy: (Einstein's equation)]% + {Energy: \(E=mc^2\)} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\caption[Energy: (Einstein's equation)]{Energy: \(E=mc^2\)} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +In practice, inserting mathematics in a moving argument has already +been addressed in \latexe{} by the robust command \csx{ensuremath}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\caption{Energy: \ensuremath{E=mc^2}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +So: always look for alternatives to the \csx{protect} route. + +Footnotes can be even more complex; % ! line break +``\Qref*[question]{footnotes in \LaTeX{} section headings}{Q-ftnsect}'' +deals specifically with that issue. +\LastEdit{2012-02-09} + +\Question[Q-semanticnest]{Capacity exceeded [semantic nest\,\dots{}]} + +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [semantic nest + size=100]. +... +If you really absolutely need more capacity, +you can ask a wizard to enlarge me. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [semantic nest size=100]. +... +If you really absolutely need more capacity, +you can ask a wizard to enlarge me. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +Even though \TeX{} suggests (as always) that enlargement by a wizard +may help, this message usually results from a broken macro or bad +parameters to an otherwise working macro. + +The ``semantic nest'' \TeX{} talks about is the nesting +of boxes within boxes. A stupid macro can provoke the error pretty +easily: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\silly{\hbox{here's \silly + being executed}} +\silly +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\silly{\hbox{here's \silly being executed}} +\silly +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +The extended traceback +% beware of filling this line... +(see \Qref{\emph{general advice} on errors}{Q-erroradvice}) +\emph{does} help, though it does rather run on. In the case above, +the traceback consists of +\begin{verbatim} +\silly ->\hbox { + here's \silly being executed} +\end{verbatim} +followed by 100 instances of +\begin{verbatim} +\silly ->\hbox {here's \silly + being executed} +\end{verbatim} +The repeated lines are broken at exactly the offending macro; of +course the loop need not be as simple as this~--- if \csx{silly} calls +\csx{dopy} which boxes \csx{silly}, the effect is just the same and +alternate lines in the traceback are broken at alternate positions. + +There are in fact two items being consumed when you nest boxes: the +other is the grouping level. Whether you exhaust your % !line wrap +\emph{semantic nest} or your permitted \emph{grouping levels} first is +controlled entirely by the relative size of the two different sets of +buffers in your \AllTeX{} executable. + +\Question[Q-noroom]{No room for a new `\emph{thing}'} + +The technology available to Knuth at the time \TeX{} was written is +said to have been particularly poor at managing dynamic storage; as a +result much of the storage used within \TeX{} is allocated as fixed +arrays, in the reference implementations. Many of these fixed arrays +are expandable in modern \TeX{} implementations, but size of the +arrays of ``registers'' is written into the specification as being 256 +(usually); this number may not be changed if you still wish to call +the result \TeX{} +%% beware line wrap +(see \Qref[question]{testing \TeX{} implementations}{Q-triptrap}). + +If you fill up one of these register arrays, you get a \TeX{} error +message saying +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! No room for a new \<thing>. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \csx{thing}s in question may be \csx{count} (the object underlying +\LaTeX{}'s \csx{newcounter} command), \csx{skip} (the object underlying +\LaTeX{}'s \csx{newlength} command), \csx{box} (the object underlying +\LaTeX{}'s \csx{newsavebox} command), or \csx{dimen}, \csx{muskip}, +\csx{toks}, \csx{read}, \csx{write} or \csx{language} (all types of object +whose use is ``hidden'' in \LaTeX{}; the limit on the number of +\csx{read} or \csx{write} objects is just 16). + +There is nothing that can directly be done about this error, as you can't +extend the number of available registers without extending \TeX{} +itself. +\begin{htmlversion} + Of course, \Qref{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex}, \Qref{Omega}{Q-omegaleph} and + \Qref{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex} +\end{htmlversion} +\htmlignore +% beware line wrap here + Of course \Qref[question]{\etex{}}{Q-etex}, + \Qref[question]{\ensuremath{\Omega}}{Q-omegaleph} and + \Qref[question]{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex} +\endhtmlignore +all do this, as does \Qref*{MicroPress Inc's V\TeX{}}{Q-commercial}. + +The commonest way to encounter one of these error messages is to have +broken macros of some sort, or incorrect usage of macros (an example +is discussed in \Qref[question]{epsf problems}{Q-epsf}). + +However, sometimes one just \emph{needs} more than \TeX{} can offer, +and when this happens, you've just got to work out a different way of +doing things. An example is the % beware line wrap +\Qref*{difficulty of loading \PiCTeX{} with \LaTeX{}}{Q-usepictex}. +The more modern drawing package, \Package{pgf} with its higher-level +interface \Package{TikZ} is also a common source of such problems. + +In such cases, it is usually possible to use the +\Qref*{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex} extensions (all modern distributions provide +them). The \LaTeX{} package \Package{etex} modifies the register allocation +mechanism to make use of \eTeX{}'s extended register sets. +\Package{Etex} is a +derivative of the \plaintex{} macro file \Package{etex.src}, which is +used in building the \eTeX{} Plain format; both files are part of the +\eTeX{} distribution and are available in current distributions. + +It is possible that, even with \Package{etex} loaded, you still find +yourself running out of things. Problems can be caused by packages +that use large numbers of ``inserts'' (inserts are combinations of +counter, box, dimension and skip registers, used for storing floats +and footnotes). \Package{Morefloats} does this, of course (naturally enough, +allocating new floats), and footnote packages such as +\Package{manyfoot} and \Package{bigfoot} (which uses \Package{manyfoot}) +can also give problems. The \Package{etex} extensions allow you to deal with +these things: the command \cmdinvoke*{reserveinserts}{n} ensures there +is room for \meta{n} more inserts. Hint: by default +\Package{morefloats} adds 18 inserts (though it can be instructed to +use more), and \Package{manyfoot} seems to be happy with 10 reserved, +but there are `hard' limits that we cannot program around~--- the +discussion of \Qref*{running out of floats}{Q-tmupfl} has more about this. +It is essential that you load \Package{etex} before any other +packages, and reserve any extra inserts immediately: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[...]{...} +\usepackage{etex} +\reserveinserts{28} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The \eTeX{} extensions don't help with \csx{read} or \csx{write} +objects (and neither will the \Package{etex} package), but the +\Package{morewrites} package can provide the \emph{illusion} of large +numbers of \csx{write} objects. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[morewrites.sty]\CTANref{morewrites} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-epsf]{\texttt{epsf} gives up after a bit} + +Some copies of the documentation of \File{epsf.tex} seemed once to +suggest that the command +\begin{verbatim} + \input epsf +\end{verbatim} +is needed for every figure included. If you follow this suggestion +too literally, you get an error +\begin{verbatim} + ! No room for a new \read . +\end{verbatim} +after a while; this is because each time \File{epsf.tex} is loaded, it +allocates itself a \emph{new} file-reading handle to check the figure +for its bounding box, and there just aren't enough of these things +(see \Qref[question]{no room for a new thing}{Q-noroom}). + +The solution is simple~--- this is in fact an example of misuse of +macros; one only need read \File{epsf.tex} once, so change +\begin{verbatim} + ... + \input epsf + \epsffile{...} + ... + \input epsf + \epsffile{...} +\end{verbatim} +(and so on) with a single +\begin{verbatim} + \input epsf +\end{verbatim} +somewhere near the start of your document, and then decorate your +\csx{epsffile} statements with no more than adjustments of +\csx{epsfxsize} and so on. + +\Question[Q-badhyph]{Improper \csx{hyphenation} will be flushed} + +For example +\begin{verbatim} +! Improper \hyphenation will be flushed. +\'#1->{ + \accent 19 #1} +<*> \hyphenation{Ji-m\'e + -nez} +\end{verbatim} +(in \plaintex{}) or +\begin{verbatim} +! Improper \hyphenation will be flushed. +\leavevmode ->\unhbox + \voidb@x +<*> \hyphenation{Ji-m\'e + -nez} +\end{verbatim} +in \LaTeX{}. + +As mentioned in +\begin{flatversion} + \Qref[question]{hyphenation failures}{Q-nohyph}, +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + ``\Qref[question]{hyphenation failures}{Q-nohyph}'', +\end{hyperversion} +``words'' containing \csx{accent} commands may not be hyphenated. As +a result, any such word is deemed improper in a \csx{hyphenation} +command. + +Hyphenation happens as paragraphs are laid out; by this time, \tex{} +knows what font is used for each glyph; thus it knows the encoding +being used. So the solution to the problem is to use a font that +contains the accented character; doing this this ``hides'' the accent +from the hyphenation mechanisms. + +For \LaTeX{} users, this is quite an easy task; they select an 8-bit +font with the package, as in \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc}, and +accented-letter commands such as the \csx{'}\texttt{e} in +\cmdinvoke{hyphenation}{Ji-m\csx{'}e-nez} automatically become the +single accented character by the time the hyphenation gets to look at +it. + + +\Question[Q-optionclash]{Option clash for package} + +So you've innocently added: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{foo} +\end{quote} +to your document, and \LaTeX{} responds with +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package foo. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package foo. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} + +The error is a complaint about loading a package % ! line break +\emph{with options}, more than once. \LaTeX{} complains because it +has no means of examining the options, rather than because it +\emph{knows} there is a problem. (You may load a package any number +of times in a document's preamble, with no options, and \LaTeX{} will +ignore every loading request after the first; but you may only supply +options when you first load the package.) + +So perhaps you weren't entirely innocent~--- the error would have +occurred on the second line of: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[dvips]{graphics}\\ +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{graphics} +\end{quote} +which could quite reasonably (and indeed correctly) have been typed: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[dvips,draft]{graphics} +\end{quote} + +But if you've not made that mistake (even with several lines +separating the \csx{usepackage} commands, it's pretty easy to spot), +the problem could arise from something else loading the package for +you. How do you find the culprit? The "\texttt{h}" response to the +error message tells you which options were loaded each time. +Otherwise, it's down to the log analysis games discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{How to approach errors}{Q-erroradvice}''; the trick to remember +is that that the process of loading each file is parenthesised in the +log; so if package \Package{foo} loads \Package{graphics}, the log +will contain something like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +(<path>/foo.sty ... +... +(<path>/graphics.sty ... +...) +... +) +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the parentheses for \Package{graphics} are completely enclosed in +those for \Package{foo}; the same is of course true if your class +\Class{bar} is the culprit, except that the line will start with the +path to \texttt{bar.cls}). + +If we're dealing with a package that loads the package you are +interested in, you need to ask \LaTeX{} to slip in options when +\Package{foo} loads it. Instead of: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}{foo}\\ +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{graphics} +\end{quote} +you would write: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{PassOptionsToPackage}{draft}{graphics}\\ +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}{foo} +\end{quote} +The command \csx{PassOptionsToPackage} tells \LaTeX{} to behave as if +its options were passed, when it finally loads a package. As you would +expect from its name, \csx{PassOptionsToPackage} can deal with a list +of options, just as you would have in the the options brackets of +\csx{usepackage}. + +The problem is more tricky if your document class loads a package you +want options for. In this case, instead of: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{documentclass}[...]{bar}\\ +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{graphics} +\end{quote} +you would write: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{PassOptionsToPackage}{draft}{graphics}\\ +\cmdinvoke{documentclass}[...]{bar} +\end{quote} +with \csx{PassOptionsToPackage} \emph{before} the \csx{documentclass} +command. + +However, if the \Package{foo} package or the \Class{bar} class loads +\Package{graphics} with an option of its own that clashes with +what you need in some way, you're stymied. For example: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{PassOptionsToPackage}{draft}{graphics} +\end{quote} +where the package or class does: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[final]{graphics} +\end{quote} +sets \pkgoption{final} \emph{after} it's dealt with option you passed to +it, so your \pkgoption{draft} will get forgotten. In extreme cases, +the package might generate an error here (\Package{graphics} doesn't +go in for that kind of thing, and there's no indication that +\pkgoption{draft} has been forgotten). + +In such a case, you have to modify the package or class itself +(subject to the terms of its licence). It may prove useful to contact +the author: she may have a useful alternative to suggest. + +\Question[Q-optclash]{Option clash for package} + +The error message +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package footmisc +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +means what it says~--- your document contains a (potentially) clashing +pair of options; sadly, it is not always obvious how the error has +arisen. + +If you simply write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[a]{foo} +... +\usepackage{foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\latex{} is happy, as it is with: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[a]{foo} +... +\usepackage[a]{foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +since \latex{} can see there's no conflict (in fact, the second load +does nothing). + +Similarly, +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[a,b]{foo} +... +\usepackage[a]{foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces no error and does nothing for the second load. + +However +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[a]{foo} +... +\usepackage[b]{foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces the error; even if option `\pkgoption{b}' is an alias for +option `\pkgoption{a}'~--- \latex{} doesn't ``look inside'' the package +to check anything like that. + +The general rule is: the first load of a package defines a set of +options; if a further \csx{usepackage} or \csx{RequirePackage} also +calls for the package, the options on that call may not extend the set +on the first load. + +Fortunately, the error (in that sort of case) is easily curable +once you've examined the preamble of your document. + +Now, suppose package \Package{foo} loads \Package{bar} with option +\pkgoption{b}, and your document says: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{foo} +... +\usepackage[a]{bar} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[a]{bar} +... +\usepackage{foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the error will be detected, even though you have only explicitly +loaded \Package{bar} once. Debugging such errors is tricky: it may +involve reading the logs (to spot which packages were called), or the +documentation of package \Package{foo}. + +\Question[Q-tmupfl]{``Too many unprocessed floats''} + +If \LaTeX{} responds to a \cmdinvoke{begin}{figure} or +\cmdinvoke{begin}{table} command with the error message +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Too many unprocessed floats. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Too many unprocessed floats. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion +... for explanation. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +your figures (or tables) are not being placed properly. \LaTeX{} +has a limited amount of storage for `floats' (figures, tables, or +floats you've defined yourself with the \Package{float} package); if +something you have done has prevented \latex{} from typesetting +floats, it will run out of storage space. + +This failure usually occurs in extreme cases of % ! line break +\Qref*{floats moving ``wrongly''}{Q-floats}; +\LaTeX{} has found it can't place a float, and floats of the same type +have piled up behind it. + +How does this happen?~--- \LaTeX{} guarantees that caption numbers are +sequential in the document, but the caption number is allocated when +the figure (or whatever) is created, and can't be changed. Thus, if +floats are placed out of order, their caption numbers would also +appear out of order in the body of the document (and in the list of +figures, or whatever). As a result, enforcement of the guarantee +means that simple failure to place a float means that no subsequent +float can be placed; and hence (eventually) the error. + +Techniques for solving the problem are discussed in the % ! line break +\Qref*{floats question}{Q-floats} already referenced. + +An alternative \emph{may} be to use the \Package{morefloats} package. +The package will allocate more ``float skeletons'' than \latex{} +does by default; each such skeleton may then be used to store a +float. Beware that even with \Package{morefloats}, the number you can +allocate is limited; even with the \Package{etex} package (which makes +available many more registers, etc., than \latex{} does by default; +\etex{} can create lots more registers, but none of those ``beyond +the original \TeX{} default'' may be used in float skeletons). Thus, +\Package{etex} may offer some relief, but it can \emph{not} be +regarded as a panacea + +The error also occurs in a long sequence of float environments, with +no intervening text. Unless the environments will fit ``here'' (and +you've allowed them to go ``here''), there will never be a page break, +and so there will never be an opportunity for \LaTeX{} to reconsider +placement. (Of course, the floats can't all fit ``here'' if the +sequence is sufficiently prolonged: once the page fills, \LaTeX{} +won't place any more floats, leading to the error. + +Techniques for resolution may involve redefining the floats using the +\Package{float} package's \texttt{[H]} float qualifier, but you are unlikely +to get away without using \csx{clearpage} from time to time. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\item[morefloats.sty]\CTANref{morefloats} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-atvert]{\csx{spacefactor} complaints} + +The errors +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! You can't use `\spacefactor' in +... vertical mode. +\@->\spacefactor + \@m +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical mode. +\@->\spacefactor + \@m +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +or +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! You can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode. +\@->\spacefactor + \@m +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or simply +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Improper \spacefactor. +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +bite the \LaTeX{} programmer who uses an internal command without +taking ``precautions''. An internal-style command such as \csx{@foo} +has been defined or used in a private macro, and it is interpreted as +\csx{@}, followed by the `text' \texttt{foo}. (\csx{@} is used, for +real, to set up end-of-sentence space in some circumstances; it uses +\csx{spacefactor} to do that.) + +The problem is discussed in detail in +% beware line wrap +``\Qref*[question]{\texttt{@} in macro names}{Q-atsigns}'', +together with solutions. + +\Question[Q-endingroup]{\csx{end} occurred inside a group} + +The actual error we observe is: + +\nothtml{\noindent}% +|(\end occurred inside a group at level <|\texttt{\emph{n}}|>)| + +\nothtml{\noindent}% +and it tells us that something we started in the document never got +finished before we ended the document itself. The things involved +(`groups') are what \TeX{} uses for restricting the scope of things: +you see them, for example, in the ``traditional'' font selection +commands: |{\it stuff\/}|~--- if the closing brace is left off such a +construct, the effect of \csx{it} will last to the end of the document, +and you'll get the diagnostic. + +\TeX{} itself doesn't tell you where your problem is, but you can +often spot it by looking at the typeset output in a previewer. +Otherwise, you can usually find mismatched braces using an intelligent +editor (at least \ProgName{emacs} and \ProgName{winedt} offer this facility). +However, groups are not \emph{only} created by matching +\texttt{\obracesymbol{}} with \texttt{\cbracesymbol{}}: +other grouping commands are discussed elsewhere in these \acro{FAQ}s, +and are also a potential source of unclosed group. + +\cmdinvoke{begin}{\meta{environment}} encloses the environment's body +in a group, and establishes its own diagnostic mechanism. If you end +the document before closing some other environment, you get the +`usual' \LaTeX{} diagnostic +\htmlignore +\begin{dviversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: \begin{blah} on input line 6 + ended by \end{document}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{dviversion} +\begin{pdfversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: \begin{blah} on input line 6 ended by \end{document}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{pdfversion} +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: \begin{blah} on input line 6 ended by \end{document}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{htmlversion} +which (though it doesn't tell you which \emph{file} the +\cmdinvoke{begin}{blah} was in) is usually enough to locate the +immediate problem. If you press on past the \LaTeX{} error, you get +one or more repetitions of the ``occurred inside a group'' message +before \LaTeX{} finally exits. The \Package{checkend} package +recognises other unclosed \cmdinvoke{begin}{blob} commands, and +generates an ``ended by'' error message for each one, rather than +producing the ``occurred inside a group'' message, which is sometimes +useful (if you remember to load the package). + +In the absence of such information from \LaTeX{}, you need to use +``traditional'' binary search to find the offending group. Separate +the preamble from the body of your file, and process each half on its +own with the preamble; this tells you which half of the file is at +fault. Divide again and repeat. The process needs to be conducted +with care (it's obviously possible to split a correctly-written group +by chopping in the wrong place), but it will usually find the problem +fairly quickly. + +\eTeX{} (and \elatex{}~--- \LaTeX{} run on \eTeX{}) gives you +further diagnostics after the traditional infuriating \TeX{} one~--- it +actually keeps the information in a similar way to \LaTeX{}: +\htmlignore +\begin{dviversion} +\begin{verbatim} +(\end occurred inside a group at level 3) + +### semi simple group (level 3) entered + at line 6 (\begingroup) +### simple group (level 2) entered at line 5 ({) +### simple group (level 1) entered at line 4 ({) +### bottom level +\end{verbatim} +\end{dviversion} +\begin{pdfversion} +\begin{verbatim} +(\end occurred inside a group at level 3) + +### semi simple group (level 3) entered at line 6 (\begingroup) +### simple group (level 2) entered at line 5 ({) +### simple group (level 1) entered at line 4 ({) +### bottom level +\end{verbatim} +\end{pdfversion} +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\begin{verbatim} +(\end occurred inside a group at level 3) + +### semi simple group (level 3) entered at line 6 (\begingroup) +### simple group (level 2) entered at line 5 ({) +### simple group (level 1) entered at line 4 ({) +### bottom level +\end{verbatim} +\end{htmlversion} +The diagnostic not only tells us where the group started, but also the +\emph{way} it started: \csx{begingroup} or |{| (which is an alias of +\csx{bgroup}, and the two are not distinguishable at the \TeX{}-engine +level). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[checkend.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{bezos}[checkend] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-nonum]{``Missing number, treated as zero''} + +In general, this means you've tried to assign something to a count, +dimension or skip register that isn't (in \TeX{}'s view of things) a +number. Usually the problem will become clear using the +\Qref*{ordinary techniques of examining errors}{Q-erroradvice}. + +Two \LaTeX{}-specific errors are commonly aired on the newsgroups. + +The commonest arises from attempting to use an example from the +\Qref*{\emph{The \LaTeX{} Companion} (first edition)}{Q-latex-books}, and is +exemplified by the following error text: +\begin{verbatim} +! Missing number, treated as zero. +<to be read again> + \relax +l.21 \begin{Ventry}{Return values} +\end{verbatim} +The problem arises because, in its first edition, the +\emph{Companion}'s examples always assumed that the \Package{calc} +package is loaded: this fact is mentioned in the book, but often not +noticed. The remedy is to load the \Package{calc} package in any +document using such examples from the \emph{Companion}. (The problem +does not really arise with the second edition; copies of all the +examples are available on the accompanying \CDROM{}, or on +\acro{CTAN}.) + +The other problem, which is increasingly rare nowadays, arises from +misconfiguration of a system that has been upgraded from \LaTeXo{}: +the document uses the \Package{times} package, and the error appears +at \cmdinvoke{begin}{document}. The file search paths are wrongly set +up, and your \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{times} has picked up a \LaTeXo{} +version of the package, which in its turn has invoked another which +has no equivalent in \LaTeXe{}. The obvious solution is to rewrite +the paths so that \LaTeXo{} packages are chosen only as a last resort +so that the startlingly simple \LaTeXe{} \Package{times} package will +be picked up. Better still is to replace the whole thing with +something more modern still; current \Package{psnfss} doesn't provide +a \Package{times} package~--- the alternative \Package{mathptmx} +incorporates \FontName{Times}-like mathematics, and a sans-serif face +based on \FontName{Helvetica}, but scaled to match \FontName{Times} +text rather better. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[calc.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[calc] +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples for \nothtml{\upshape}\LaTeX{} Companion]\CTANref{tlc2} +\item[The psnfss bundle]\CTANref{psnfss} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-typend]{``Please type a command or say \csx{end}''} + +Sometimes, when you are running \AllTeX{}, it will abruptly stop and +present you with a prompt (by default, just a |*| character). Many +people (including this author) will reflexively hit the `return' +key, pretty much immediately, and of course this is no help at all~--- +\TeX{} just says: +\begin{verbatim} +(Please type a command or say `\end') +\end{verbatim} +and prompts you again. + +What's happened is that your \AllTeX{} file has finished prematurely, +and \TeX{} has fallen back to a supposed including file, from the +terminal. This could have happened simply because you've omitted +the \csx{bye} (\plaintex{}), \cmdinvoke{end}{document} (\LaTeX{}), or +whatever. Other common errors are failure to close the braces round a +command's argument, or (in \LaTeX{}) failure to close a verbatim +environment: in such cases you've already read and accepted an +error message about encountering end of file while scanning something. + +If the error is indeed because you've forgotten to end your document, +you can insert the missing text: if you're running \plaintex{}, the +advice, to ``say \csx{end}'' is good enough: it will kill the run; if +you're running \LaTeX{}, the argument will be necessary: +\cmdinvoke{end}{document}. + +However, as often as not this isn't the problem, and (short of +debugging the source of the document before ending) brute force is +probably necessary. Excessive force (killing the job that's +running \TeX{}) is to be avoided: there may well be evidence in the +\extension{log} file that will be useful in determining what the +problem is~--- so the aim is to persuade \TeX{} to shut itself down +and hence flush all log output to file. + +If you can persuade \TeX{} to read it, an end-of-file indication +(control-|D| under Unix, control-|Z| under Windows) will provoke +\TeX{} to report an error and exit immediately. Otherwise you should +attempt to provoke an error dialogue, from which you can exit (using +the |x| `command'). An accessible error could well be inserting an +illegal character: what it is will depend on what macros you are +running. If you can't make that work, try a silly command name or +two. + +\Question[Q-unkgrfextn]{``Unknown graphics extension''} + +The \LaTeX{} graphics package deals with several different types of +\acro{DVI} (or other) output drivers; each one of them has a potential +to deal with a different selection of graphics formats. The package +therefore has to be told what graphics file types its output driver +knows about; this is usually done in the \meta{driver}\extension{def} file +corresponding to the output driver you're using. + +The error message arises, then, if you have a graphics file whose +extension doesn't correspond with one your driver knows about. Most +often, this is because you're being optimistic: asking +\ProgName{dvips} to deal with a \extension{png} file, or \PDFTeX{} to deal with +a \extension{eps} file: the solution in this case is to transform the graphics +file to a format your driver knows about. + +If you happen to \emph{know} that your device driver deals with the +format of your file, you are probably falling foul of a limitation of +the file name parsing code that the graphics package uses. Suppose +you want to include a graphics file \File{home.bedroom.eps} using the +\ProgName{dvips} driver; the package will conclude that your file's +extension is \extension{bedroom.eps}, and will complain. + +The \Package{grffile} package deals with the last problem (and +others~--- see the package documentation); using the package, you may +write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{grffile} +... +\includegraphics{home.bedroom.eps} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or you may even write +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics{home.bedroom} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and \Package{graphicx} will find a \extension{eps} or \extension{pdf} +(or whatever) version, according to what version of \AllTeX{} you're +running. + +If for some reason you can't use \Package{grffile}, you have three +unsatisfactory alternatives: +\begin{itemize} +\item Rename the file~--- for example \File{home.bedroom.eps}\arrowhyph{}% + \File{home-bedroom.eps} +\item Mask the first dot in the file name: +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand*{\DOT}{.} +\includegraphics{home\DOT bedroom.eps} +\end{verbatim} +\item Tell the graphics package what the file is, by means of options + to the \csx{includegraphics} command: +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[type=eps,ext=.eps, + read=.eps]{home.bedroom} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[type=eps,ext=.eps,read=.eps]{home.bedroom} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[grffile.sty]Distributed as part of the Oberdiek collection + \CTANref{oberdiek}[grffile] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-nodollar]{``Missing \texttt{\$} inserted''} + +There are certain things that \emph{only} work in maths mode. If your +document is not in maths mode and you have an |_| or a |^| character, +\TeX{} (and by inheritance, \LaTeX{} too) will say +\begin{verbatim} +! Missing $ inserted +\end{verbatim} +as if you couldn't possibly have misunderstood the import of what you +were typing, and the only possible interpretation is that you had +committed a typo in failing to enter maths mode. \TeX{}, therefore, +tries to patch things up by inserting the \texttt{\$} you `forgot', so that +the maths-only object will work; as often as not this will land you in +further confusion. + +It's not just the single-character maths sub- and superscript +operators: anything that's built in or declared as a maths operation, +from the simplest lower-case \csx{alpha} through the inscrutable +\csx{mathchoice} primitive, and beyond, will provoke the error if +misused in text mode. + +\LaTeX{} offers a command \csx{ensuremath}, which will put you in maths +mode for the execution of its argument, if necessary: so if you want +an \csx{alpha} in your running text, say +\cmdinvoke{ensuremath}{\csx{alpha}}; if the bit of running text somehow +transmutes into a bit of mathematics, the \csx{ensuremath} will become +a no-op, so it's pretty much always safe. + +\Question[Q-fontunavail]{Warning: ``Font shape \dots{}\ not available''} + +\LaTeX{}'s font selection scheme maintains tables of the font families +it has been told about. These tables list the font families that +\LaTeX{} knows about, and the shapes and series in which those font +families are available. In addition, in some cases, the tables list +the sizes at which \LaTeX{} is willing to load fonts from the family. + +When you specify a font, using one of the \LaTeX{} font selection +commands, \LaTeX{} looks for the font (that is, a font that matches +the encoding, family, shape, series and size that you want) in its +tables. If the font isn't there at the size you want, you will see a +message like: +\htmlignore +\begin{dviversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/m/n' in +... size <11.5> not available +(Font) size <12> substituted on +... input line ... +\end{verbatim} +(All the message texts in this answer have been wrapped so that they +will fit in the narrow columns of this version of the \acro{FAQ}. The +continuation marker is |...| at the start of the broken-off portion of +the line.) + +\end{dviversion} +\begin{pdfversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/m/n' in size <11.5> not available +(Font) size <12> substituted on input line ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{pdfversion} +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/m/n' in size <11.5> not available +(Font) size <12> substituted on input line ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{htmlversion} +There will also be a warning like: +\htmlignore +\begin{dviversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Size substitutions with +... differences +(Font) up to 0.5pt have occurred. +\end{verbatim} +\end{dviversion} +\begin{pdfversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Size substitutions with differences +(Font) up to 0.5pt have occurred. +\end{verbatim} +\end{pdfversion} +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Size substitutions with differences +(Font) up to 0.5pt have occurred. +\end{verbatim} +\end{htmlversion} +after \LaTeX{} has encountered \cmdinvoke{end}{document}. + +The message tells you that you've chosen a font size that is not in +\LaTeX{}'s list of ``allowed'' sizes for this font; \LaTeX{} has +chosen the nearest font size it knows is allowed. In fact, you can +tell \LaTeX{} to allow \emph{any} size: the restrictions come from the +days when only bitmap fonts were available, and they have never +applied to fonts that come in scaleable form in the first place. +Nowadays, most of the fonts that were once bitmap-only are also +available in scaleable (Adobe Type~1) form. If your installation uses +scaleable versions of the Computer Modern or European Computer Modern +(\acro{EC}) fonts, you can tell \LaTeX{} to remove the restrictions; +use the \Package{type1cm} or \Package{type1ec} package as appropriate. + +If the combination of font shape and series isn't available, \LaTeX{} +will usually have been told of a fall-back combination that may be +used, and will select that: +\htmlignore +\begin{dviversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/bx/sc' +... undefined +(Font) using `OT1/cmr/bx/n' +... instead on input line 0. +\end{verbatim} +\end{dviversion} +\begin{pdfversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/bx/sc' undefined +(Font) using `OT1/cmr/bx/n' instead on input line 0. +\end{verbatim} +\end{pdfversion} +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OT1/cmr/bx/sc' undefined +(Font) using `OT1/cmr/bx/n' instead on input line 0. +\end{verbatim} +\end{htmlversion} + +Substitutions may also be ``silent''; in this case, there is no more +than an ``information'' message in the log file. For example, if you +specify an encoding for which there is no version in the current font +family, the `default family for the encoding' is selected. This +happens, for example, if you use command \csx{textbullet}, which is +normally taken from the maths symbols font, which is in |OMS| +encoding. My test log contained: +\htmlignore +\begin{dviversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OMS/cmr/m/n' in +... size <10> not available +(Font) Font shape `OMS/cmsy/m/n' +... tried instead on input +... line ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{dviversion} +\begin{pdfversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OMS/cmr/m/n' in size <10> not available +(Font) Font shape `OMS/cmsy/m/n' tried instead on input line ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{pdfversion} +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OMS/cmr/m/n' in size <10> not available +(Font) Font shape `OMS/cmsy/m/n' tried instead on input line ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{htmlversion} + +In summary, these messages are not so much error messages, as +information messages, that tell you what \LaTeX{} has made of your +text. You should check what the messages say, but you will ordinarily +not be surprised at their content. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[type1cm.sty]\CTANref{type1cm} +\item[type1ec.sty]\CTANref{type1ec} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-buffovl]{Unable to read an entire line} + +\TeX{} belongs to the generation of applications written for +environments that didn't offer the sophisticated string and i/o +manipulation we nowadays take for granted (\TeX{} was written in +Pascal, and the original Pascal standard made no mention of i/o, so +that anything but the most trivial operations were likely to be +unportable). + +When you overwhelm \TeX{}'s input mechanism, you get told: +\begin{verbatim} +! Unable to read an entire line---bufsize=3000. + Please ask a wizard to enlarge me. +\end{verbatim} +(for some value of `3000'~--- the quote was from a +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} posting by a someone who was presumably +using an old \TeX{}). + +As the message implies, there's (what \TeX{} thinks of as a) line in +your input that's ``too long'' (to \TeX{}'s way of thinking). Since +modern distributions tend to have tens of thousands of bytes of input +buffer, it's somewhat rare that these messages occur ``for real''. +Probable culprits are: +\begin{itemize} +\item A file transferred from another system, without translating + record endings. With the decline of fixed-format records (on + mainframe operating systems) and the increased intelligence of + \TeX{} distributions at recognising other systems' explicit + record-ending characters, this is nowadays rather a rare cause of + the problem. +\item A graphics input file, which a package is examining for its + bounding box, contains a binary preview section. Again, + sufficiently clever \TeX{} distributions recognise this situation, + and ignore the previews (which are only of interest, if at all, to a + \TeX{} previewer). +\end{itemize} + +The usual advice is to ignore what \TeX{} says (i.e., anything about +enlarging), and to put the problem right in the source. + +If the real problem is over-long text lines, most self-respecting text +editors will be pleased to automatically split long lines (while +preserving the ``word'' structure) so that they are nowhere any longer +than a given length; so the solution is just to edit the file. + +If the problem is a ridiculous preview section, try using +\ProgName{ghostscript} to reprocess the file, outputting a ``plain +\extension{eps}'' file. (\ProgName{Ghostscript} is distributed with a script +\ProgName{ps2epsi} which will regenerate the preview if necessary.) +Users of the shareware program \ProgName{GSview} will find buttons to +perform the required transformation of the file being displayed. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript} +\item[GSview]Browse \CTANref{gsview} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-formatstymy]{``Fatal format file error; I'm stymied''} + +\AllTeX{} applications often fail with this error when you've been +playing with the configuration, or have just installed a new version. + +The format file contains the macros that define the system you want to +use: anything from the simplest (\plaintex{}) all the way to the most +complicated, such as \LaTeX{} or \CONTeXT{}. From the command you +issue, \TeX{} knows which format you want. + +The error message +\begin{verbatim} + Fatal format file error; I'm stymied +\end{verbatim} +means that \TeX{} itself can't understand the format you want. +Obviously, this could happen if the format file had got corrupted, but +it usually doesn't. The commonest cause of the message, is that a new +binary has been installed in the system: no two \TeX{} binaries on the +same machine can +understand each other's formats. So the new version of \TeX{} you +have just installed, won't understand the format generated by the one +you installed last year. + +Resolve the problem by regenerating the format; of course, this +depends on which system you are using. +\begin{itemize} +\item On a te\TeX{}-based system, run +\begin{verbatim} + fmtutil --all +\end{verbatim} + or +\begin{verbatim} + fmtutil --byfmt=<format name> +\end{verbatim} + to build only the format that you are interested in. +\item On a \miktex{} system, click \texttt{Start}\arrowhyph{}% +\texttt{Programs}\arrowhyph{}% +\texttt{\miktex{} \emph{version}}\arrowhyph{}% +\texttt{\miktex{} Options}, and in the options window, click + \texttt{Update now}. +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-nonpdfsp]{Non-\acro{PDF} special ignored!} + +This is a \PDFTeX{} error: \PDFTeX{} is running in \acro{PDF} output +% beware line break at end line +mode, and it has encountered a \nothtml{\csx{special} command (}% +\Qref{\csx{special}}{Q-specials}\latexhtml{)}{ command}. \PDFTeX{} is +able to generate its own output, and in this mode of operation has no +need of \csx{special} commands (which allow the user to pass +information to the driver being used to generate output). + +Why does this happen? \LaTeX{} users, nowadays, hardly ever use +\csx{special} commands on their own~--- they employ packages to do the +job for them. Some packages will generate \csx{special} commands +however they are invoked: \Package{pstricks} is an example (it's very +raison d'\^etre is to emit \PS{} code in a sequence of \csx{special} +commands). \Package{Pstricks} may be dealt with by other means (the +\Package{pdftricks} package offers a usable technique). + +More amenable to correction, but more confusing, are packages (such as +\Package{color}, \Package{graphics} and \Package{hyperref}) that +specify a ``driver''. These packages have plug-in modules that +determine what \csx{special} (or other commands) are needed to generate +any given effect: the \texttt{pdftex} driver for such packages knows not to +generate \csx{special} commands. In most circumstances, you can let +the system itself choose which driver you need; in this case +everything will act properly when you switch to using \PDFLaTeX{}. If +you've been using \ProgName{dvips} (and specifying the |dvips| driver) +or \ProgName{dvipdfm} (for which you have to specify the driver), and +decide to try \PDFLaTeX{}, you \emph{must} remove the |dvips| or +|dvipdfm| driver specification from the package options, and let the +system recognise which driver is needed. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[pdftricks.sty]\CTANref{pdftricks} +\item[pstricks.sty]\CTANref{pstricks} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-8000]{Mismatched mode ljfour and resolution 8000} + +You're running \ProgName{dvips}, and you encounter a stream of error +messages, starting with ``\texttt{Mismatched mode}''. The mode is the +default used in your installation~--- it's set in the \ProgName{dvips} +configuration file, and \texttt{ljfour} is commonest (since it's the +default in most distributions), but not invariable. + +The problem is that \ProgName{dvips} has encountered a font for which +it must generate a bitmap (since it can't find it in Type~1 format), +and there is no proforma available to provide instructions to give to +\MF{}. + +So what to do? The number 8000 comes from the `\texttt{-Ppdf}' option +to \ProgName{dvips}, which you might have found from the answer +\nothtml{``wrong type of fonts'' (}% beware % beware line breaks +\Qref{``wrong type of fonts''}{Q-fuzzy-type3}\nothtml{)}. The obvious +solution is to switch to the trivial substitute `\texttt{-Pwww}', +which selects the necessary type~1 fonts for \acro{PDF} generation, +but nothing else: however, this will leave you with undesirable bitmap +fonts in your \acro{PDF} file. The ``proper'' solution is to find a +way of expressing what you want to do, using type~1 fonts. + +\Question[Q-toodeep]{``Too deeply nested''} + +This error appears when you start a \LaTeX{} list. + +\LaTeX{} keeps track of the nesting of one list inside another. There +is a set of list formatting parameters built-in for application to +each of the list nesting levels; the parameters determine indentation, +item separation, and so on. The \environment{list} environment (the +basis for list environments like \environment{itemize} and +\environment{enumerate}) ``knows'' there are only 6 of these sets. + +There are also different label definitions for the +\environment{enumerate} and \environment{itemize} environments at +their own private levels of nesting. Consider this example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{enumerate} +\item first item of first enumerate + \begin{itemize} + \item first item of first itemize + \begin{enumerate} + \item first item of second enumerate + ... + \end{enumerate} + ... + \end{itemize} +... +\end{enumerate} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In the example, +\begin{itemize} +\item the first \environment{enumerate} has labels as for a + first-level \environment{enumerate}, and is indented as for a + first-level list; +\item the first \environment{itemize} has labels as for a first level + \environment{itemize}, and is indented as for a second-level list; + and +\item the second \environment{enumerate} has labels as for a + second-level \environment{enumerate}, and is indented as for a + third-level list. +\end{itemize} +Now, as well as \LaTeX{} \emph{knowing} that there are 6~sets of +parameters for indentation, it also \emph{knows} that there are only +4~types of labels each, for the environments \environment{enumerate} +and \environment{itemize} (this ``knowledge'' spells out a requirement +for class writers, since the class supplies the sets of parameters). + +From the above, we can deduce that there are several ways we can run +out of space: we can have 6~lists (of any sort) nested, and try to +start a new one; we can have 4~\environment{enumerate} environments +somewhere among the set of nested lists, and try to add another one; +and we can have 4~\environment{itemize} environments somewhere among +the set of nested lists, and try to add another one. + +What can be done about the problem? Not much, short of rewriting +\LaTeX{}~--- you really need to rewrite your document in a slightly +less labyrinthine way. + +\Question[Q-inputlev]{Capacity exceeded~--- input levels} + +The error +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [text input levels=15]. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! TeX capacity exceeded, sorry + [text input levels=15]. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +is caused by nesting your input too deeply. You can provoke it with +the trivial (\plaintex{}) file \File{input.tex}, which contains +nothing but: +\begin{verbatim} +\input input +\end{verbatim} +In the real world, you are unlikely to encounter the error with a +modern \TeX{} distribution. Te\TeX{} (used to produce the error +message above) allows 15 files open for \TeX{} input at any one time, +which is improbably huge for a document generated by real human +beings. + +However, for those improbable (or machine-generated) situations, +some distributions offer the opportunity to adjust the parameter +|max_in_open| in a configuration file. + +\Question[Q-hyperdupdest]{\PDFTeX{} destination \dots{}\ ignored} + +The warning: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier +(name{page.1}) has been already used, duplicate ignored +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with + the same identifier (name{page.1}) has + been already used, duplicate ignored +\end{verbatim} +{\small NB: message text wrapped to fit in the column\par} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +arises because of duplicate page numbers in your document. The +problem is usually soluble: see % beware line break +\Qref*[question]{\acro{PDF} page destinations}{Q-pdfpagelabels}~--- which +answer also describes the problem in more detail. + +If the identifier in the message is different, for example +\texttt{name\{figure.1.1\}}, the problem is (often) due to a problem of +package interaction. The \File{README} in the \Package{hyperref} +distribution mentions some of these issues~--- for example, +\environment{equation} and \environment{eqnarray} as supplied by the +\Package{amsmath} package; means of working around the problem are +typically supplied there. + +Some packages are simply incompatible with +\Package{hyperref}, but most work simply by ignoring it. In most +cases, therefore, you should load your package before you load +\Package{hyperref}, and \Package{hyperref} will patch things up so +that they work, so you can utilise your (patched) package \emph{after} +loading both: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{\emph{your package}}\\ + \texttt{...}\\ + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[\emph{opts}]{hyperref}\\ + \texttt{...}\\ + \meta{code that uses your package} +\end{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{float} % defines \newfloat +... +\usepackage[...]{hyperref} % patches \newfloat +... +\newfloat{...}{...}{...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +So, if we need \csx{newfloat}: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}{float} +\end{quote} +will define the command, +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[\emph{opts}]{hyperref} +\end{quote} +will patch it, and now: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{newfloat}{...}{...}{...} +\end{quote} +will use the command, patched to create `proper' hyperreferences. +\end{narrowversion} +You should load packages in this order as a matter of course, unless +the documentation of a package says you \emph{must} load it after +\Package{hyperref}. (There are few packages that require to be +loaded after hyperref: one such is \Class{memoir}'s +``\Package{hyperref} fixup'' package \Package{memhfixc}.) + +If loading your packages in the (seemingly) ``correct'' order doesn't +solve the problem, you need to \Qref*{seek further help}{Q-gethelp}. + +\Question[Q-altabcr]{Alignment tab changed to \csx{cr}} + +This is an error you may encounter in \LaTeX{} when a tabular +environment is being processed. ``Alignment tabs'' are the +\texttt{\&} signs that separate the columns of a \environment{tabular} +(or \environment{array} or matrix) environment; so the error message +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! Extra alignment tab has been + changed to \cr +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! Extra alignment tab has been changed to \cr +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +could arise from a simple typo, such as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + hello & there & jim \\ + goodbye & now +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +where the second \texttt{\&} in the first line of the table is more than the +two-column \texttt{ll} column specification can cope with. In this +case, an extra ``\texttt{l}'' in that solves the problem. (If you +continue from the error in this case, ``\texttt{jim}'' will be moved +to a row of his own.) Another simple typo that can provoke the error +is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + hello & there + goodbye & now +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +where the `\texttt{\bsbs }' has been missed from the first line of the table. +In this case, if you continue from the error, you will find that +\LaTeX{} has made a table equivalent to: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + hello & there goodbye\\ + now +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(with the second line of the table having only one cell). + +Rather more difficult to spot is the occurrence of the error when +you're using alignment instructions in a ``\texttt{p}'' column: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{array} +... +\begin{tabular}{l>{\raggedright}p{2in}} +here & we are again \\ +happy & as can be +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the problem here (as explained in % ! line break +\Qref[question]{tabular cell alignment}{Q-tabcellalign}) is that the +\csx{raggedright} command in the column specification has overwritten +\environment{tabular}'s definition of \texttt{\bsbs }, so that +``\texttt{happy}'' appears in a new line of the second column, and the +following \texttt{\&} appears to \LaTeX{} just like the second +\texttt{\&} in the first example above. + +Get rid of the error in the way described in % ! linebreak +\Qref[question]{tabular cell alignment}{Q-tabcellalign}~--- either use +\csx{tabularnewline} explicitly, or use the \csx{RBS} trick described +there. + +The \Package{amsmath} package adds a further twist; when typesetting +a matrix (the package provides many matrix environments), it has a +fixed maximum number of columns in a matrix~--- exceed that maximum, +and the error will appear. By default, the maximum is set to 10, but +the value is stored in counter \texttt{MaxMatrixCols} and may be +changed (in the same way as any counter): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[array.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[array] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-07-06} + +\Question[Q-divzero]{Graphics division by zero} + +While the error +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Package graphics Error: Division by 0. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +can actually be caused by offering the package a figure which claims +to have a zero dimension, it's more commonly caused by rotation. + +Objects in \TeX{} may have both height (the height above the baseline) +and depth (the distance the object goes below the baseline). If you +rotate an object by 180\,degrees, you convert its height into depth, +and vice versa; if the object started with zero depth, you've +converted it to a zero-height object. + +Suppose you're including your graphic with a command like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[angle=180,height=5cm]{myfig.eps} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[angle=180,% + height=5cm]{myfig.eps} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +In the case that \File{myfig.eps} has no depth to start with, the +scaling calculations will produce the division-by-zero error. + +Fortunately, the \Package{graphicx} package has a keyword +\pkgoption{totalheight}, which allows you to specify the size of the +image relative to the sum of the object's \pkgoption{height} and +\pkgoption{depth}, so +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[angle=180,totalheight=5cm]{myfig.eps} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\includegraphics[angle=180,% + totalheight=5cm]{myfig.eps} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +will resolve the error, and will behave as you might hope. + +If you're using the simpler \Package{graphics} package, use the +\texttt{*} form of the \csx{resizebox} command to specify the use of +\pkgoption{totalheight}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\resizebox*{!}{5cm}{% + \rotatebox{180}{% + \includegraphics{myfig.eps}% + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[graphics.sty,graphicx.sty]Both parts of the \CTANref{graphics} bundle +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-missbegdoc]{Missing \csx{begin}\marg{document}} + +The \emph{preamble} of your document is the stuff before +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document}; you put \csx{usepackage} commands and +your own macro definitions in there. \latex{} doesn't like +\emph{typesetting} anything in the preamble, so if you have: +\begin{itemize} +\item typed the odd grumble, +\item created a box with \csx{newsavebox} and put something in it + using \csx{sbox} (or the like), +\item forgotten to put \cmdinvoke{begin}{document} into the document, + at all, or even +\item gave it the wrong file +\end{itemize} +the error is inevitable and the solution is simple~--- judicious use +of comment markers (`\texttt{\textpercent{}}') at the beginning of a +line, moving things around, providing something that was +missing~\dots{} or switching to the correct file. + +The error may also occur while reading the \extension{aux} file from an +earlier processing run on the document; if so, delete the +\extension{aux} file and start again from scratch. If the error +recurs, it could well be due to a buggy class or package. + +However, it may be that none of the above solves the problem. + +If so, remember that things that appear before \csx{documentclass} are +also problematical: they are inevitably before +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document}! + +Unfortunately, modern editors are capable of putting things there, and +preventing you from seeing them. This can happen when your document +is being `written' in \Qref*{Unicode}{Q-unicode}. The Unicode +standard defines ``Byte Order Marks'' (\acro{BOM}), that reassure a +program (that reads the document) of the way the Unicode codes are +laid out. Sadly ordinary \latex{} or \pdflatex{} choke on +\acro{BOM}s, and consider them typesetting requests. The error +message you see will look like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. +... +l.1 <?> + <?><?>\documentclass{article} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(Those \texttt{<?>}s are your operating system's representation of an +unknown character; on the author's system it's a reverse video +`\texttt{?}' sign.) + +You can spot the \acro{BOM} by examining the bytes; for example, the +Unix \ProgName{hexdump} application can help: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ hexdump -C <file> +00000000 ef bb bf 5c 64 6f 63 75 ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \texttt{5c 64 6f 63 75} are the ``\csx{docu}'' at the start of +(the `real' part of) your document; the three bytes before it form the +\acro{BOM}. + +How to stop your editor from doing this to you depends, of course, on +the editor you use; if you are using \acro{GNU E}macs, you have to +change the encoding from \texttt{utf-8-with-signature} to `plain' +\texttt{utf-8}; instructions for that are found on +% ! line break +\href{http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3859274/}{the ``stack overflow'' site} + +(So far, all instances of this problem that the author has seen have +afflicted \acro{GNU E}macs users.) + +Fortunately \xetex{} and \luatex{} know about \acro{BOM}s and what to +do with them, so \latex{} using them is ``safe''. + +\Question[Q-normalszmiss]{\csx{normalsize} not defined} + +The \LaTeX{} error: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +The font size command \normalsize is not + defined: there is probably something + wrong with the class file. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +The font size command \normalsize is not defined: +there is probably something wrong with the class file. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +is reporting something pretty fundamental (document base font size not +set up). While this \emph{can}, as the message implies, be due to a +broken class file, the more common cause is that you have simply +forgotten to put a \csx{documentclass} command in your document. + +\Question[Q-manymathalph]{Too many math alphabets} + +\TeX{} mathematics is one of its most impressive features, yet the +internal structure of the mechanism that produces it is painfully +complicated and (in some senses) pathetically limited. One area of +limitation is that one is only allowed 16~''maths alphabets'' + +\LaTeX{} offers the user quite a lot of flexibility with allocating +maths alphabets, but few people use the flexibility directly. +Nevertheless, there are many packages that provide symbols, or that +manipulate them, which allocate themselves one or more maths alphabet. + +If you can't afford to drop any of these packages, there's +still hope if you're using the \Package{bm} package to support +\Qref*{bold maths}{Q-boldgreek}: \Package{bm} is capable +of gobbling alphabets as if there is no tomorrow. The package defines +two limiter commands: \csx{bmmax} (for \emph{bold} symbols; default~4) +and \csx{hmmax} (for \emph{heavy} symbols, if you have them; +default~3), which control the number of alphabets to be used. + +Any reduction of the \csx{\emph{xx}max} variables will slow +\Package{bm} down~--- but that's surely better than the document not +running at all. So unless you're using maths fonts (such as +\FontName{Mathtime Plus}) that feature a heavy symbol weight, suppress all +use of heavy families by +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} + \newcommand{\hmmax}{0} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(before loading \Package{bm}), and then steadily reduce the bold +families, starting with +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} + \newcommand{\bmmax}{3} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(again before loading \Package{bm}), until (with a bit of luck) the +error goes away. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bm.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[bm] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-ouparmd]{Not in outer par mode} + +The error: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Not in outer par mode. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +comes when some ``main'' document feature is shut up somewhere it +doesn't like. + +The commonest occurrence is when the user wants a figure somewhere +inside a table: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|l|} + \hline + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics{foo} + \end{figure} + \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +a construction that was supposed to put a frame around the diagram, +but doesn't work, any more than: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\framebox{\begin{figure} + \includegraphics{foo} + \end{figure}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The problem is, that the \environment{tabular} environment, and the +\csx{framebox} command restrain the \environment{figure} environment +from its natural m\'etier, which is to float around the document. + +The solution is simply not to use the \environment{figure} environment +here: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{|l|} + \hline + \includegraphics{foo} + \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +What was the float for?~--- as written in the first two examples, it +serves no useful purpose; but perhaps you actually wanted a diagram +and its caption framed, in a float. + +It's simple to achieve this~--- just reverse the order of the +environments (or of the \environment{figure} environment and the +command): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{tabular}{|l|} + \hline + \includegraphics{foo} + \caption{A foo} + \hline + \end{tabular} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The same goes for \environment{table} environments (or any other sort +of float you've defined for yourself) inside tabulars or box commands; +you \emph{must} get the float environment out from inside, one way or +another. + +\Question[Q-errmissitem]{Perhaps a missing \csx{item}?} + +Sometimes, the error +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +actually means what it says: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{itemize} + boo! +\end{itemize} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces the error, and is plainly in need of an \csx{item} command. + +You can also have the error appear when at first sight things are +correct: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{l} + \begin{enumerate} + \item foo\\ + \item bar + \end{enumerate} +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces the error at the \texttt{\bsbs }. This usage is just wrong; if you +want to number the cells in a table, you have to do it ``by hand'': +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{tablecell} +... +\begin{tabular}{l} + \stepcounter{tablecell} + \thetablecell. foo\\ + \stepcounter{tablecell} + \thetablecell. bar +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This is obviously untidy; a command \csx{numbercell} defined as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{tablecell} +... +\newcommand*{\numbercell}{% + \stepcounter{tablecell}% + \thetablecell. % ** +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +could make life easier: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tabular}{l} + \numbercell foo\\ + \numbercell bar +\end{tabular} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note the deliberate introduction of a space as part of the command, +marked with asterisks. Omitted above, the code needs to set the +counter \ltxcounter{tablecell} to zero +(\cmdinvoke{setcounter}{tablecell}{0}) before each tabular that uses it. + +The error also regularly appears when you would never have thought +that a \csx{item} command might be appropriate. For example, the +seemingly innocent: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\fbox{% + \begin{alltt} + boo! + \end{alltt}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces the error (the same happens with \csx{mbox} in place of +\csx{fbox}, or with either of their ``big brothers'', \csx{framebox} and +\csx{makebox}). This is because the \environment{alltt} environment +uses a ``trivial'' list, hidden inside its definition. (The +\environment{itemize} environment also has this construct inside +itself, in fact, so \cmdinvoke{begin}{itemize} won't work inside an +\csx{fbox}, either.) The list construct wants to happen between +paragraphs, so it makes a new paragraph of its own. Inside the +\csx{fbox} command, that doesn't work, and subsequent macros convince +themselves that there's a missing \csx{item} command. + +To solve this rather cryptic error, one must put the +\environment{alltt} inside a paragraph-style box. The following +modification of the above \emph{does} work: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\fbox{% + \begin{minipage}{0.75\textwidth} + \begin{alltt} + hi, there! + \end{alltt} + \end{minipage} +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The code above produces a box that's far too wide for the text. One +may want to use something that allows % ! line break +\Qref*{variable size boxes}{Q-varwidth} in place of the +\environment{minipage} environment. + +Oddly, although the \environment{verbatim} environment wouldn't work +inside a \csx{fbox} command argument (see % ! line break +\Qref[question]{verbatim in command arguments}{Q-verbwithin}), you +get an error that complains about \csx{item}: the environment's +internal list bites you before \environment{verbatim} has even had a +chance to create its own sort of chaos. + +Another (seemingly) obvious use of \csx{fbox} also falls foul of this +error: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\fbox{\section{Boxy section}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This is a case where you've simply got to be more subtle; you should +either write your own macros to replace the insides of \LaTeX{}'s +sectioning macros, or look for some alternative in the packages +discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*[question]{The style of section headings}{Q-secthead}''. + +\Question[Q-errparnum]{Illegal parameter number in definition} + +The error message means what it says. In the simple case, you've +attempted a definition like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\abc}{joy, oh #1!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or (using \TeX{} primitive definitions): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\abc{joy, oh #1!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In either of the above, the definition uses an argument, but the +programmer did not tell \AllTeX{}, in advance, that she was going to. +The fix is simple~--- \cmdinvoke{newcommand}{\csx{abc}}[1], in the +\LaTeX{} case, |\def\abc#1| in the basic \TeX{} case. + +The more complicated case is exemplified by the attempted definition: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\abc}{joy, oh joy!% + \newcommand{\ghi}[1]{gloom, oh #1!}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will also produce this error, as will its \TeX{} primitive equivalent: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\abc{joy, oh joy!% + \def\ghi#1{gloom, oh #1!}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This is because special care is needed when defining one macro within +the code of another macro. This is explained elsewhere, separately +for \Qref*[question]{\LaTeX{} definitions}{Q-ltxhash} and for +\Qref*[question]{\TeX{} primitive definitions}{Q-hash} + +\Question[Q-fllost]{Float(s) lost} + +The error +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Float(s) lost. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +seldom occurs, but always seems deeply cryptic when it \emph{does} +appear. + +The message means what it says: one or more figures, tables, etc., or +marginpars has not been typeset. (Marginpars are treated internally +as floats, which is how they come to be lumped into this error +message.) + +The most likely reason is that you placed a float or a \csx{marginpar} +command inside another float or marginpar, or inside a +\environment{minipage} environment, a \csx{parbox} or \csx{footnote}. +Note that the error may be detected a long way from the problematic +command(s), so the techniques of % ! line break +\Qref*{tracking down elusive errors}{Q-erroradvice} all need to be +called into play. + +This author has also encountered the error when developing macros that +used the \LaTeX{} internal float mechanisms. Most people doing that +sort of thing are expected to be able to work out their own problems\dots{} + +\Question[Q-texorpdf]{Token not allowed in PDFDocEncoded string} + +The package \Package{hyperref} produces this error when it doesn't +know how to make something into a ``character'' that will go into one +of its \acro{PDF} entries. For example, the (unlikely) sequence +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\filled}[2]{% + #1% + \hfil + #2% +} +\section{\filled{foo}{bar}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +provokes the error. \Package{Hyperref} goes on to tell you: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +removing `\hfil' on input line ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +It's not surprising: how would \emph{you} put the +typesetting instruction \csx{hfil} into a \acro{PDF} bookmark? + +\Package{Hyperref} allows you to define an alternative for such +things: the command \csx{texorpdfstring}, which takes two +arguments~--- the first is what is typeset, the second is what is put +into the bookmark. For example, what you would probably like in this +case is just a single space in the bookmark; if so, the erroneous +example above would become: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\filled}[2]{% + #1% + \texorpdfstring{\hfil}{\space}% + #2% +} +\section{\filled{foo}{bar}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and with that definition, the example will compile succesfully +(\Package{hyperref} knows about the macro \csx{space}). +\LastEdit*{2009-05-29} + +\Question[Q-checksum]{Checksum mismatch in font} + +When \MF{} generates a font it includes a checksum in the font bitmap +file, and in the font metrics file (\acro{TFM}). \AllTeX{} includes +the checksum from the \acro{TFM} file in the \acro{DVI} file. + +When \ProgName{dvips} (or other \acro{DVI} drivers) process a +\acro{DVI} file, they compare checksums in the \acro{DVI} file to +those in the bitmap fonts being used for character images. If the +checksums don't match, it means the font metric file used by \AllTeX{} +was not generated from the same \MF{} program that generated the +font. + +This commonly occurs when you're processing someone else's \acro{DVI} +file. + +The fonts on your system may also be at fault: possibilities are that +the new \acro{TFM} was not installed, or installed in a path after an +old \acro{TFM} file, or that you have a personal cache of bitmaps from +an old version of the font. + +In any case, look at the output -- the chances are that it's perfectly +\acro{OK}, since metrics tend not to change, even when the bitmaps are +improved. (Indeed, many font designers~--- Knuth included~--- +maintain the metrics come what may.) + +If the output \emph{does} look bad, your only chance is to regenerate +things from scratch. Options include: flushing your bitmap cache, +rebuild the \acro{TFM} file locally, and so on. + +\Question[Q-entercompmode]{Entering compatibility mode} + +You run your \LaTeX{} job, and it starts by saying +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Entering LaTeX 2.09 COMPATIBILITY MODE +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +followed by lines of asterisks and \texttt{!!WARNING!!}. + +This means that the document is not written in ``current'' \LaTeX{} +syntax, and that there is no guarantee that all parts of the document +will be formatted correctly. + +If the document is someone else's, and you want no more than a copy to +read, ignore the error. The document may fail elsewhere, but as often +as not it will provide a \extension{dvi} or \extension{pdf} that's +adequate for most purposes. + +If it's a new document you have just started working on, you have been +misled by someone. You have written something like: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{documentstyle}{article} +\end{quote} +or, more generally: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke*{documentstyle}[options]{class} +\end{quote} +These forms are (as the warning says) \LaTeXo{} syntax, and to get rid +of the warning, you must change the command. + +The simple form is easy to deal with: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{documentstyle}{article} +\end{quote} +should become: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{documentclass}{article} +\end{quote} +The complex form is more difficult, since \LaTeXo{} ``options'' +conflate two sorts of things~--- options for the class (such as +\pkgoption{11pt}, \pkgoption{fleqn}), and packages to be loaded. +So: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{documentstyle}[11pt,verbatim]{article} +\end{quote} +should become: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{documentclass}[11pt]{article}\\ + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}{verbatim} +\end{quote} +because \pkgoption{11pt} happens to be a class option, while +\Package{verbatim} is a package. + +There's no simple way to work out what are class options under +\LaTeXo{}; for \Class{article}, the list includes \pkgoption{10pt}, +\pkgoption{11pt}, \pkgoption{12pt}, \pkgoption{draft}, +\pkgoption{fleqn}, \pkgoption{leqno}, \pkgoption{twocolumn} and +\pkgoption{twoside}~--- anything else must be a package. + +Your document may well ``just work'' after changes like those above; +if not, you should think through what you're trying to do, and consult +documentation on how to do it~--- there are lots of % ! line break +\Qref*{free tutorials}{Q-tutorials*} to help you on your way, if you +don't have access to a \LaTeX{} manual of any sort. + +\Question[Q-includeother]{\latex{} won't include from other directories} + +You wanted to \cmdinvoke{include}{../bar/xyz.tex}, but \latex{} says: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +latex: Not writing to ../bar/xyz.aux (openout_any = p). +! I can't write on file `../bar/xyz.aux'. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +LaTeX: Not writing to ../bar/xyz.aux + (openout_any = p). +! I can't write on file `../bar/xyz.aux'. +\end{verbatim} +(The first line of that message is wrapped, here.) +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +The error comes from \tex{}'s protection against writing to +directories that aren't descendents of the one where your document +resides. (The restriction protects against problems arising from +\latex{}ing someone else's malicious, or merely broken, document. If +such a document overwrites something you wanted kept, there is obvious +potential for havoc.) + +Document directory structures that can lead to this problem will look +like the fictional \File{mybook}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +./base/mybook.tex +./preface/Preface.tex +./preface/*** +./chapter1/Intro.tex +... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +With such a structure, any document directory (other than the one +where \File{mybook.tex} lives), seems ``up'' the tree from the +base directory. (References to such files will look like +\cmdinvoke{include}{../preface/Preface}: the ``\texttt{..}'' is the +hint.) + +But why did it want to write at all?~--- % ! line break +``\Qref*{what's going in in my \csx{include}}{Q-include}'' explains +how \csx{include} works, among other things by writing an +\extension{aux} file for every \csx{includ}ed file. + +Solutions to the problem tend to be drastic: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Restructure the directories that hold your document so that the + master file is at the root of the tree: + \begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +./mybook.tex +./mybook/preface/Preface.tex +./mybook/preface/*** +./mybook/chapter1/Intro.tex +... +\end{verbatim} + \end{quote} + and so on. +\item Did you actually \emph{need} \csx{include}?~--- if not, you can + replace \csx{include} by \csx{input} throughout. (This only works + if you don't need \csx{includeonly}.) +\item You \emph{could} patch your system's \File{texmf.cnf}~--- if you + know what you're doing, the error message should be enough of a + hint; this action is definitely not recommended, and is left to + those who can ``help themselves'' in this respect. +\end{enumerate} +\LastEdit*{2012-02-13} + +\Question[Q-expl3-old]{Support package \Package{expl3} too old} + +Some (rather modern) packages are written using the % ! line break +\Qref*{\latex{}3 programming environment}{Q-LaTeX3}. Since \latex{}3 +is still under development, the author cannot reliably guess what +version of \latex{}3 the user has installed, and whether that version +is adequate for the current package. Thus the package's code often +checks the user's installation, and complains if it's older than the +author's installation at time of testing. The error message is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Support package expl3 too old. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The ``additional help'' tells you the solution: update your \latex{}3 +installation. The relevant things are \Package{l3kernel} (the +programming environment, which contains the \Package{expl3} mentioned +in the error message) and \Package{l3packages} (\latex{}3 constructs +such as command definitions). + +While this sounds a drastic remedy, it is no longer the major +undertaking it once was~--- if you are using a modern \tex{} +distribution that you installed yourself, ask it to update over the +internet; if that choice is not available, install from the +\extension{tds.zip} files available for both packages on \ctan{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[l3kernel \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3kernel} +\item[l3packages \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3packages} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2013-02-20} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-lab-ref.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-lab-ref.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d1629fd7b7c --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-lab-ref.tex @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +% $Id: faq-lab-ref.tex,v 1.4 2011/05/08 10:16:43 rf10 Exp $ + +\subsection{Labels and references} + +\Question[Q-nameref]{Referring to things by their name} + +\LaTeX{}'s labelling mechanism is designed for the impersonal world of +the academic publication, in which everything has a number: an +extension is necessary if we are to record the \emph{name} of things +we've labelled. The two packages available extend the \LaTeX{} +sectioning commands to provide reference by the name of the section. + +The \Package{titleref} package is a simple extension which provides +the command \csx{titleref}; it is a stand-alone package~--- don't use it +in a document in which you also need to use \Package{hyperref}. + +The \Package{byname} package is part of the \Package{smartref} bundle +and works well with \Package{smartref}, and works (to an extent) with +\Package{hyperref}, but the links it defines are not hyperlinks. + +The \Class{memoir} class incorporates the functionality of +\Package{titleref}, but doesn't work with \Package{byname} (though a +search of \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} on \URL{groups.google.com} will +find a patch to \Package{byname} to remedy the problem). + +The \Package{hyperref} bundle includes a package \Package{nameref}, +which will work standing alone (i.e., without \Package{hyperref}: of +course, in this mode its references are not hyperlinked). If you load +\Package{hyperref} itself, \Package{nameref} is automatically loaded. +\Class{Memoir} requires the \Package{memhfixc} when running with +\Package{hyperref}; following the sequence: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[...]{memoir} +... +\usepackage[...]{hyperref} +\usepackage{memhfixc} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\Package{nameref} commands may be used in a \Class{memoir} document. + +\Package{Zref} defines a proposed replacement for all of the \LaTeX{} +reference mechanisms, and among other things provides +name-referencing mechanisms: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[user,titleref]{zref} +... +\section{hello}\zlabel{sec:one} +The section name is: \ztitleref{sec:one}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(One might hope that something of this sort would be the ``way of the +future'', but things move slowly in the \LaTeX{} world: don't hold +your breath.) + +Each of \Package{titleref}, \Package{byname} and \Package{nameref} +defines a reference command with the same name as the package: +\csx{titleref}, \csx{byname} and \csx{nameref}. The \Package{nameref} +package also defines a command \csx{byshortnameref}, which uses the +optional `short' title argument to the chapter and section commands. +(Although it comes from the same author, \Package{zref} \emph{doesn't} +define a short-name variant.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[byname.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{smartref} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[nameref.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{hyperref} +\item[smartref.sty]\CTANref{smartref} +\item[titleref.sty]\CTANref{titleref} +\item[zref.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[zref] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-extref]{Referring to labels in other documents} + +When producing a set of inter-related documents, you'll often want to +refer to labels in another document of the set; but \LaTeX{}, of its +own accord, doesn't permit this. + +So the package \Package{xr} was written: if you say +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr} +\externaldocument{volume1} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will load all the references from \File{volume1} into your present +document. + +But what if the documents both have a section labelled +``\environment{introduction}'' (likely enough, after all)? The +package provides a means to transform all the imported labels, so you +don't have to change label names in either document. For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr} +\externaldocument[V1-]{volume1} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +loads the references from \File{volume1}, but prefixes every one with +the string \texttt{V1-}. So you would refer to the introduction to volume~1 +as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr} +\externaldocument[V1-]{volume1} +... +... the introduction to volume1 + (\ref{V1-introduction})... +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr} +\externaldocument[V1-]{volume1} +... +... the introduction to volume1 (\ref{V1-introduction})... +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +To have the facilities of \Package{xr} working with +\Package{hyperref}, you need \Package{xr-hyper}. For simple +hyper-cross-referencing (i.e., to a local \acro{PDF} file you've just +compiled), write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr-hyper} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\externaldocument[V1-]{volume1} +... +... the \nameref{V1-introduction})... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and the name reference will appear as an active link to the +``introduction'' chapter of \File{volume1.pdf}. + +To link to a \acro{PDF} document on the Web, for which you happen to +have the .aux file, write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr-hyper} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\externaldocument[V1-]{volume1}[http://mybook.com/volume1.pdf] +... +... the \nameref{V1-introduction})... +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xr-hyper} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\externaldocument[V1-]{volume1}% + [http://mybook.com/volume1.pdf] +... +... the \nameref{V1-introduction})... +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +Heiko Oberdiek's experimental \Package{zref} bundle includes a +hyper-crossreferencing mechanism using its \Package{zref-xr} module. +Usage is closely modelled on \Package{xr} and \Package{xr-hyper}; a +trivial example (from a \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} posting) is +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{zref-xr,zref-user} +\zexternaldocument*{xr02} +... +\zref{foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The module provides all the facilities of the older packages, and can +deal both with ``traditional'' \LaTeX{} labels and with +\Package{zref}'s style of labels. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[xr.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[xr] +\item[xr-hyper.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{hyperref}[xr-hyper] +\item[zref \nothtml{\rmfamily\itshape}bundle]Distributed as part of + \CTANref{oberdiek}[zref] +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-litprog.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-litprog.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e5ba9eb6712 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-litprog.tex @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +% $Id: faq-litprog.tex,v 1.3 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{Literate programming} + +\Question[Q-lit]{What is Literate Programming?} + +Literate programming is the combination of documentation and source +together in a fashion suited for reading by human beings. +In general, literate programs combine source +and documentation in a single file. Literate programming tools then +parse the file to produce either readable documentation or compilable +source. The \acro{WEB} style of literate programming was created by +D.~E.~Knuth during the development of \TeX{}. + +\htmlignore +The ``\Qref*{documented \LaTeX{}}{Q-dtx}'' style of programming +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} + The ``\Qref{documented \LaTeX{}}{Q-dtx}'' style of programming +\end{htmlversion} +is regarded by some as a form of literate programming, though it only +contains a subset of the constructs Knuth used. + +Discussion of literate programming is conducted in the newsgroup +\Newsgroup{comp.programming.literate}, whose \acro{FAQ} is stored on +\acro{CTAN}. Another good source of information is +\URL{http://www.literateprogramming.com/} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Literate Programming \acro{FAQ}]% + \CTANref{LitProg-FAQ} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-16} + +\Question[Q-webpkgs]{\acro{WEB} systems for various languages} + +\TeX{} is written in the programming language \acro{WEB}; \acro{WEB} +is a tool to implement the concept of ``literate programming''. +Knuth's original implementation will be in any respectable +distribution of \TeX{}, but the sources of the two tools +(\ProgName{tangle} and \ProgName{weave}), together with a manual +outlining the programming techniques, may be had from \acro{CTAN}. + +\acro{\ProgName{CWEB}}, by Silvio Levy, is a \acro{WEB} for \acro{C} programs. + +\acro{\ProgName{FWEB}}, by John Krommes, is a version for Fortran, +Ratfor,\acro{C}, \acro{C}++, working with \latex{}; it was derived +from \ProgName{CWEB}. + +Spidery \acro{WEB}, by Norman Ramsey, supports many +languages including Ada, \texttt{awk}, and \acro{C} +and, while not in the public domain, is usable without charge. It is +now superseded by \ProgName{noweb} (also by Norman Ramsay) which +incorporates the lessons learned in implementing spidery \acro{WEB}, +and which is a simpler, equally powerful, tool. + +\ProgName{Scheme}\acro{\ProgName{WEB}}, by John Ramsdell, is a Unix filter that +translates Scheme\acro{WEB} into \LaTeX{} source or Scheme source. + +\acro{\ProgName{APLWEB}} is a version of \acro{WEB} for \acro{APL}. + +\ProgName{FunnelWeb} is a version of \acro{WEB} that is language independent. + +Other language independent versions of \acro{WEB} are \ProgName{nuweb} (which +is written in \acro{ANSI} \acro{C}). + +\ProgName{Tweb} is a \acro{WEB} for \plaintex{} macro files, using +\ProgName{noweb}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[aplweb]\CTANref{aplweb} +\item[cweb]\CTANref{cweb} +\item[funnelweb]\CTANref{funnelweb} +\item[fweb]\CTANref{fweb} +\item[noweb]\CTANref{noweb} +\item[nuweb]\CTANref{nuweb} +\item[schemeweb]\CTANref{schemeweb} +\item[spiderweb]\CTANref{spiderweb} +\item[tangle]\CTANref{web} +\item[tweb]\CTANref{tweb} +\item[weave]\CTANref{web} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-mac-prog.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-mac-prog.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b91150cbe73 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-mac-prog.tex @@ -0,0 +1,3671 @@ +% $Id: faq-mac-prog.tex,v 1.33 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Macro programming} + +\subsection{``Generic'' macros and techniques} + +\Question[Q-linmacnames]{Non-letters in macro names} + +New \LaTeX{} users are often suprised that macro definitions +containing non-letters, such as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\cul8r}{Goodbye!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +fail to compile. The reason is that the \TeX{} macro language, unlike +most programming languages, allows % ! loin break (twatbili) +\Qref*{nothing but letters in macro names}{Q-whatmacros}. + +There are a number of techniques for defining a macro with a name like +\csx{cul8r}. Unfortunately, none of the techniques is particularly +good: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Use \csx{csname}\dots\csx{endcsname} to define and invoke the + macro: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\expandafter\newcommand + \csname cul8r\endcsname{Goodbye!} +I said, ``\csname cul8r\endcsname''. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\expandafter\newcommand\csname cul8r\endcsname{Goodbye!} +I said, ``\csname cul8r\endcsname''. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} + \begin{description} + \item[Pro:] No unexpected side effects + \item[Con:] So verbose as to be unusable + \end{description} +\item Define a ``special-command generator'', and use the resulting + commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\DefineRemark}[2]{% + \expandafter\newcommand + \csname rmk-#1\endcsname{#2}% +} +\newcommand{\Remark}[1]{% + \csname rmk-#1\endcsname% +} +... +\DefineRemark{cul8r}{Goodbye!} +... +I said, ``\Remark{cul8r}''. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\DefineRemark}[2]{% + \expandafter\newcommand\csname rmk-#1\endcsname{#2}% +} +\newcommand{\Remark}[1]{\csname rmk-#1\endcsname} +... +\DefineRemark{cul8r}{Goodbye!} +... +\Remark{cul8r} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} + \begin{description} + \item[Pro:] Straightforward to use, not too untidy + \item[Con:] It's hardly doing what we set out to do (experts will + see that you are defining a macro, but others likely won't) + \end{description} +\item Convince \TeX{} that ``\texttt{8}'' is a letter: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\catcode`8 = 11 +\newcommand{\cul8r}{Goodbye!} +I said, ``\cul8r''. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + \begin{description} + \item[Pro:] \csx{cul8r} can be used directly + \item[Con:] Likely to break other uses of ``\texttt{8}'' (such as + numbers or dimensions; so + \cmdinvoke{setlength}{\csx{paperwidth}}{8in} tells us: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Missing number, treated as zero. +<to be read again> + 8 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + \end{description} + As a general rule, changing category codes is something to use + \emph{in extremis}, after detailed examination of options. It is + conceivable that such drastic action could be useful for you, but + most ordinary users are well advised not even to try such a + technique. +\item Define a macro \csx{cul} which must always be followed by + ``\texttt{8r}'': +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\cul8r{Goodbye!} +I said, ``\cul8r''. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + \begin{description} + \item[Pro:] \csx{cul8r} can be used directly + \item[Con~\#1:] Breaks if \csx{cul} is followed by anything other + than ``\texttt{8r}'', with a confusing diagnostic~--- + \csx{cul99} produces: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! Use of \cul doesn't match its definition. +<*> \cul9 + 9 +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! Use of \cul doesn't match its + definition. +<*> \cul9 + 9 +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} + (which would confuse someone who hadn't even realised there + \emph{was} a definition of \csx{cul} in the document). + \item[Con~\#2:] Silently redefines existing \csx{cul}, if any; + as a result, the technique cannot be used to define both a + \csx{cul8r} and, say, a \csx{cul123} macro in the same + document. + \end{description} +\end{enumerate} +Technique~3 is in fact commonly used~--- in a limited form~--- within +most \LaTeX{} packages and within \LaTeX{} itself. The convention is to +use ``\texttt{@}'' within the names of internal macros to hide them +from the user and thereby prevent naming conflicts. To this end, +\LaTeX{} automatically treats ``\texttt{@}'' as a letter while +processing classes and packages and as a non-letter while processing +the user's document. The key to this technique is the separation: +internally a non-letter is used for macro names, and the user doesn't +see anything of it, while the status remains ``frozen'' in all the +definitions created within the class or package. See % ! line break +\Qref[question]{\csx{@} and \texttt{@} in macro names}{Q-atsigns} for +more information. + +Note that analogous use of technique~3 in this example would give us +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begingroup + \catcode`8 = 11 + \gdef\cul8r{Goodbye!} + \gdef\later{\cul8r} +\endgroup +I said, ``\later''. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which works, but rather defeats the object of the exercise. +(\csx{later} has the ``frozen'' catcode for `8', even though the value +has reverted to normal by the time it's used; note, also, the use of +the primitive command \csx{gdef}, since \csx{newcommand} can't make a +macro that's available outside the group.) + +\emph{Recommendation}: Either choose another mechanism (such as +\csx{DefineRemark} above), or choose another name for your macro, one +that contains only ordinary letters. A common approach is to use +roman numerals in place of arabic ones: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\culVIIIr}{Goodbye!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which rather spoils the intent of the joke implicit in the example +\csx{cul8r}! +\LastEdit*{2009-06-03} + +\Question[Q-repeat-num]{Repeating a command \emph{n} times} + +\tex{} \emph{isn't} a programming language, but there are occasions +when you want to repeat some part of your document, just as parts of +programs need to run several times. An obvious +example is \tex{}-based drawing: \latex{}'s \environment{picture} +environment and \Package{pgf} (at least) provide repeat facilities~--- +they are useful for drawing repeating patterns. + +This answer deals with repeating an operation a given number of times; +repeating operations once for each of a set of objects is dealt with +in the answer \Qref*{repeating ``over a set''}{Q-repeat-set}. + +Plain \tex{} itself provides a \csx{loop} \dots{} \csx{repeat} +contruct, which enables you to repeat a command (or set of commands). +The syntax is simple enough, but it use of \tex{} conditionals is +different enough that many people find it confusing. +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcount\foo +\foo=10 +\loop + \message{\the\foo} + \advance \foo -1 +\ifnum \foo>0 +\repeat +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In this slightly tricky code, \csx{loop} starts the construct ended by +\csx{repeat}, but \csx{repeat} also ``serves as'' the \csx{fi} to the +\csx{ifnum}. The loop above prints the numbers from 10 down to 1 via +\tex{} \csx{message} (i.e., on the console output). + +The \Package{multido} package is also `generic' (usable both in +\plaintex{} and latex{}); it defines a command \csx{multido} with +three arguments: +\begin{quote} + % ! line break + \cmdinvoke{multido}{\meta{variables}}{\meta{repetitions}}{\meta{stuff to repeat}} +\end{quote} +When the macro is executing, the \meta{stuff to repeat} gets executed +\meta{repetitions} times; the \meta{variables} gives a list of +variables that can be used in \meta{stuff}. Each variable is a +composite of a command sequence and how it varies; so a variable +``\csx{iz}\texttt{=2+4}'' sets \csx{iz} to \texttt{2} first time +around, then \texttt{6} and \texttt{10} in the next two iterations, +and so on. (The variable \csx{iz} is an integer; variables with other +initial letters represent different data types.) + +% [do these things matter?] +% The \latexe{} kernel has commands \csx{@for} and \csx{@tfor}. +% +% The \latex{}3 kernel includes the command |\prg_replicate:nn|; this +% information isn't much use unless you're a \latex{}3 user. +Both current \latex{} and (experimental) \latex{}3 have iteration +commands for internal use and for package writers; their use is +probably not recommendable. + +The \latex{} distribution package \Package{ifthen} offers the macro +\csx{whiledo}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{ct} +... +\setcounter{ct}{1} +\whiledo {\value{ct} < 5}% +{% + \thect\ + \stepcounter {ct}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The \Package{forloop} package provides nothing but \csx{forloop}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{ct} +... +\forloop{ct}{1}{\value{ct} < 5}% +{% + \thect\ +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +as you can see, the arguments are counter, starting value and +termination condition; an optional argument supplies a step value +(default step is 1). + +The \latex{} \environment{picture} environment has a simple command +for repeated drawing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\multiput(x,y)(xstep,ystep){n}{obj} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which places \meta{obj} (intended to be a bit of picture) +\meta{n} times at positions (\meta{x}, \meta{y}), +(\meta{x}+\meta{xstep}, \meta{y}+\meta{ystep}), +(\meta{x}+2\meta{xstep}, \meta{y}+2\meta{ystep}) and so on, adding the +displacement again each time. The command was designed for use in +\environment{picture}, but it makes no check, and may even be used to +provide eccentric typesetting in a ``regular'' sentence, such as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Here \multiput(0,0)(1,1){3}{we} are again. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +with predictable (if not actually desirable) effect. It may be used +with nothing but an iterative calculation in the braced argument, in +which case its graphical capabilities have no effect. + +The \Package{pgffor} package, which is part of the % ! line break +\Qref*{\Package{pgf} distribution}{Q-drawing}, also +provides iterations to support the needs of graphics. Its syntax is +in the style of common programming languages: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{pgffor} +\newcommand{\cmd}{-x-} +... +\foreach \n in {1,...,4}{\cmd{}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +typesets ``\texttt{-x-\relax-x-\relax-x-\relax-x-}'' + +The \csx{foreach} command has the potential drawback that its repeated +unit is executed in a group, so that any calculations done within the +loop are lost (unless their result is made \csx{global}); however, it +does not `build in' its graphical origins (as \csx{multiput} does) so +its potential outside its own graphics environment ``home'' is more +clear. +% +%% can't convince myself that \naturalloop helps with anything +% The \Package{etextools} package provides \csx{naturalloop}, which +% repeats material according to a count argument that you give it. +% +%% this stuff removed, following the observation that the package's use +%% of \repeat is inconsistent with both plain tex and latex; pity -- +%% it's a nice package apart from being totally unusable :-( +% +% The \Package{repeat} package provides a \csx{for} command that +% encompasses a lot of the above; for example: +% \begin{quote} +% \begin{verbatim} +% \input repeat +% \newcount\foo +% \repeat +% \for{foo} \from{1} \to{10} \do{x*} +% \end{verbatim} +% \end{quote} +% which will typeset \texttt{x*} ten times (the count \csx{foo} will +% end up with value 11). +% +% Note the \plaintex{} usage: \Package{repeat} is ``generic'' and +% defines commands that are comfortable to \plaintex{} users, while +% remaining usable by \latex{} users. +% +% The complete syntax is given in the meta-expression: +% \begin{quote} +% \begin{verbatim} +% \repeat +% \for{var} +% \from{<start>} \by{<step>} \to{<end>} +% \downto{<end>} \until{<cond>} \while{<cond>} +% \do{<operate on something>} +% \end{verbatim} +% \end{quote} +% You must choose a consistent set of \csx{from}, \csx{by}, \csx{to}, +% \csx{downto}, \csx{until} and \csx{while} (none is actually required, +% but of course any loop has to have \emph{some}). + +% In summary, while it is certainly possible to write this sort of code as +% a private project (for example, using the \etex{} \csx{numexpr} +% primitive), one cannot deny that plenty of choice for the task is +% readily available. +% +% (the above ignore Pic\tex{}, which almost certainly has similar +% functions, but in the absence of a manual\dots{}) +\begin{ctanrefs} +%\item[etextools.sty]\CTANref{etextools} +\item[forarray.sty]\CTANref{forarray} +\item[forloop.sty]\CTANref{forloop} +\item[ifthen.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{latex} +\item[multido.sty]\CTANref{multido} +\item[pgffor.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{pgf} +%\item[repeat.tex]\CTANref{repeat} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-repeat-set]{Repeating something for each `thing' in a set} + +A common alternative requirement is to repeatedly apply a command to a +set of ``objects''; this can arise, for example, when you have input +that specifies a list. + +The \Package{etoolbox} package provides iteration over a +comma-separated list of items, in its \csx{docsvlist} and +\csx{forcsvlist} commands; they are well-described in the package +documentation. The \Package{datatool} package manages ``databases'' +(of its own definition) and you may iterate over entries in such a +database using the command \csx{DTLforeach}. + +The \Package{forarray} package defines its own ``list'' and ``array'' +structures, together with commands \csx{ForEach} and \csx{ForArray} +which enable a command to be executed for each element in a list or +array, respectively. + +The \Package{dowith} defines a pair of macros \csx{DoWith} and +\csx{StopDoing} that process each ``thing'' between them; a trivial +example of use is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{dowith} +... +\begin{document} +\newcommand{\foo}[1]{\message{#1+} +\DoWith\foo a{BBB}c\StopDoing +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which produces terminal output: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +a+ BBB+ c+ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +so, the macros have found 3 ``things'', including one with braces +around it. (The interpolated spaces come from the primitive +\csx{message} command.) + +The only constraint is that all commands in the enclosed stuff are +``expandable'' (which means, for example, that you may not use +commands with optional arguments). + +From the same stable (as \Package{dowith}) comes the package +\Package{commado}, that provides commands \csx{DoWithCSL} (apply a +command to each element of a comma-separated-variable list) and +\csx{DoWithBasesExts} (apply a command to each of a set of files, +defined by base name and ``extension''). Use of these \csx{DoWith*} +macros is also expandable (if the command applied to the list elements +is itself expandable). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[commado.sty]\CTANref{commado} +\item[datatool.sty]\CTANref{datatool} +\item[dowith.sty]\CTANref{dowith} +\item[etoolbox.sty]\CTANref{etoolbox} +\item[filesdo.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{commado} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} + +%See \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/16189/repeat-command-n-times} +%for details (do i need this any more?) + +\Question[Q-findwidth]{Finding the width of a letter, word, or phrase} + +Put the word in a box, and measure the width of the box. For example, +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newdimen\stringwidth +\setbox0=\hbox{hi} +\stringwidth=\wd0 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that if the quantity in the \csx{hbox} is a phrase, the actual +measurement only approximates the width that the phrase will occupy in +running text, since the inter-word glue can be adjusted in paragraph +mode. + +The same sort of thing is expressed in \LaTeX{} by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newlength{\gnat} +\settowidth{\gnat}{\textbf{small}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This sets the value of the length command |\gnat| to the width of ``small'' +in bold-face text. + +\Question[Q-patch]{Patching existing commands} + +In the general case (possibly sticking something in the middle of an +existing command) this is difficult. However, the common requirement, +to add some code at the beginning or the end of an existing command, +is conceptually quite easy. Suppose we want to define a version of a +command that does some small extension of its original definition: we +would naturally write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\splat}{\mumble\splat} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +However, this would not work: a call to \csx{splat} would execute +\csx{mumble}, and then call the redefined \csx{splat} again; this is an +`unterminated recursion', that will quickly exhaust \TeX{}'s memory. + +Fortunately, the \TeX{} primitive \csx{let} command comes to our +rescue; it allows us to take a ``snapshot'' of the current state of a +command, which we can then use in the redefinition of the command. +So: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\OldSmooth\smooth +\renewcommand{\smooth}{\mumble\OldSmooth} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +effects the required patch, safely. Adding things at the end of a +command works similarly. + +If \csx{smooth} takes arguments, one must pass them on: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\OldSmooth\smooth +\renewcommand{\smooth}[2]{\mumble\OldSmooth{#1}{#2}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\OldSmooth\smooth +\renewcommand{\smooth}[2]% + {\mumble\OldSmooth{#1}{#2}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} + +The situation is more difficult still if \csx{smooth} takes an +optional argument; the structure of the command is so complex that the +simple \csx{let} command does not retain the necessary detail. In +this case, we need the \Package{letltxmacro} package which knows about all +sorts of \latex{} commands and how to replicate them. Suppose we have +a command defined as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\rough}[1][\default]{...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +with an optional argument (substituted with \csx{default} if it's not +present) as well as an ordinary one. In this case we copy it using +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\LetLtxMacro{\NewRough}{\rough} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and then repeat the technique we had above, with one extension: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\rough}[1][\newdef]% + {\mumble\OldRough[{#1}]{#2}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +We see here that (for tedious argument-matching reasons) it is +necessary to provide braces arround the optional argument that is +being passed on. + +The general case may be achieved in two ways. First, one can use the +\LaTeX{} command \csx{CheckCommand}; this compares an existing command +with the definition you give it, and issues a warning if two don't +match. Use is therefore: +\begin{quote} + |\CheckCommand{\complex}{|\meta{original definition}|}|\\ + |\renewcommand{\complex}{|\meta{new definition}|}| +\end{quote} +This technique is obviously somewhat laborious, but if the original +command comes from a source that's liable to change under the control +of someone else, it does at least warn you that your patch is in +danger of going wrong. + +Otherwise, \LaTeX{} users may use one of the \Package{patchcmd}, +\Package{ted} or \Package{etoolbox} packages. + +The \Package{patchcmd} package addresses a slightly simpler task, by +restricting the set of commands that you may patch; you mayn't patch +any command that has an optional argument, though it does deal with +the case of commands defined with \csx{DeclareRobustCommand}. The +package defines a \csx{patchcommand} command, that takes three +arguments: the command to patch, stuff to stick at the front of its +definition, and stuff to stick on the end of its definition. So, +after +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\b{b} +\patchcmd\b{a}{c} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +we will have a new version of \csx{b} defined as ``\texttt{abc}''. + +The \Package{ted} package is a `token list editor', and provides a +command \csx{substitute} which will patch the +contents of a macro, putting the result in a token-list, or +(in the form \csx{Substitute*}) using the result to (re)define a +macro. The following example defines a simple macro, and then changes +its definition: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\myfont}% + {\Large\sffamily\selectfont} +\Substitute*[\renewcommand{\myfont}]{\myfont}% + {\Large\sffamily}{\huge\itshape} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The macro's definition is now: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\huge\itshape\selectfont +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The package also offers a command \csx{ShowTokens}, which shows the +content of its argument, one token to a line, with details of the +token's category code, etc. This is recommended as a debugging tool. + +The \Package{etoolbox} package (which provides user access to \eTeX{}'s +programming facilities) provides a command \csx{patchcmd} which is +very similar to \csx{Substitute}, except that it only replaces a +single instance of the token(s) in its search pattern. Since not all +commands may be patched in this way, \csx{patchcmd} takes extra +arguments for \emph{success} and \emph{failure} cases. The +package also provides commands that prepend (\csx{pretocmd}) or append +(\csx{apptocmd}) to the definition of a command. Not all commands may +be patched in this way; the package provides a command +\csx{ifpatchable} which checks the prerequisites, and checks that the +target command's body does indeed include the patch string you propose +to use. (The command \csx{ifpatchable*} omits the test on the patch +string.) + +The \Package{regexpatch} package deals with cases that are +inaccessible with \Package{etoolbox}; it uses the regular expression +(pattern-matching) package \Package{l3regex} from the \latex{}3 +distribution to find the code you need to patch. The package also +``knows about'' robust commands and about +\Qref*{\Package{biblatex}}{Q-biblatex}. + +Finally, we'll briefly consider a package that is (just about) +usable, but not really recommendable. \Package{Patch} gives you an +ingenious (and difficult to understand) mechanism, and comes as an +old-style \LaTeX{} documented macro file, which can no longer be +processed to \Qref*{produce formatted documentation, etc.\@}{Q-install-doc}. +Fortunately, the file (\File{patch.doc}) may be input directly, and +``documentation'' may found by reading the source of the package. +Roughly speaking, one gives the command a set of instructions +analogous to \ProgName{sed} substitutions, and it regenerates the +command thus amended. Unless you can't do your job any other way, +\Package{patch} is best avoided. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[etoolbox.sty]\CTANref{etoolbox} +\item[l3regex.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3experimental}[l3regex] +\item[letltxmacro.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[letltxmacro] +\item[patch.doc]\CTANref{patch} +\item[patchcommand.sty]\CTANref{patchcmd} +\item[regexpatch.sty]\CTANref{regexpatch} +\item[ted.sty]\CTANref{ted} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-12-21} + +\Question[Q-compjobnam]{Comparing the ``job name''} + +The token \csx{jobname} amusingly produces a sequence of characters +whose category code is 12 (`other'), regardless of what the characters +actually are. Since one inevitably has to compare a macro with the +contents of another macro (using \csx{ifx}, somewhere) one needs to +create a macro whose expansion looks the same as the expansion of +\csx{jobname}. We find we can do this with \csx{meaning}, if we strip +the ``\csx{show} command'' prefix. + +The full command looks like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\StripPrefix#1>{} +\def\jobis#1{FF\fi + \def\predicate{#1}% + \edef\predicate{\expandafter\StripPrefix\meaning\predicate}% + \edef\job{\jobname}% + \ifx\job\predicate +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\StripPrefix#1>{} +\def\jobis#1{FF\fi + \def\predicate{#1}% + \edef\predicate{\expandafter\StripPrefix + \meaning\predicate}% + \edef\job{\jobname}% + \ifx\job\predicate +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +And it's used as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\if\jobis{mainfile}% + \message{YES}% +\else + \message{NO}% +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that the command \csx{StripPrefix} need not be defined if you're +using \LaTeX{}~--- there's already an % line break! +\Qref*{internal command}{Q-atsigns} \csx{strip@prefix} that you can +use. + +\Question[Q-isitanum]{Is the argument a number?} + +\TeX{}'s own lexical analysis doesn't offer the macro programmer +terribly much support: while category codes will distinguish letters +(or what \TeX{} currently thinks of as letters) from everything else, +there's no support for analysing numbers. + +The simple-minded solution is to compare numeric characters with the +characters of the argument, one by one, by a sequence of direct tests, +and to declare the argument ``not a number'' if any character fails +all comparisons: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifx1#1 +\else\ifx2#1 +... +\else\ifx9#1 +\else\isanumfalse +\fi\fi...\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which one would then use in a tail-recursing macro to gobble an +argument. One could do slightly better by assuming (pretty safely) +that the digits' character codes are consecutive: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifnum`#1<`0 \isanumfalse +\else\ifnum`#1>`9 \isanumfalse + \fi +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +again used in tail-recursion. However, these forms aren't very +satisfactory: getting the recursion ``right'' is troublesome (it has a +tendency to gobble spaces in the argument), and in any case \TeX{} +itself has mechanisms for reading numbers, and it would be nice to use +them. + +Donald Arseneau's \Package{cite} package offers the following test +for an argument being a strictly positive integer: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\IsPositive#1{% + TT\fi + \ifcat_\ifnum0<0#1 _\else A\fi +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which can be adapted to a test for a non-negative integer thus: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\IsNonNegative{% + \ifcat_\ifnum9<1#1 _\else A\fi +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or a test for any integer: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\gobbleminus#1{\ifx-#1\else#1\fi} +\def\IsInteger#1{% + TT\fi + \ifcat_\ifnum9<1\gobbleminus#1 _\else A\fi +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +but this surely stretches the technique further than is reasonable. + +If we don't care about the sign, we can use \TeX{} to remove the +entire number (sign and all) from the input stream, and then look at +what's left: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\testnum#1{\afterassignment\testresult + \count255=0#1 \end} +\def\testresult#1\end{\ifx\end#1\end} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\testnum#1{\afterassignment\testresult\count255=0#1 \end} +\def\testresult#1\end{\ifx\end#1\end\isanumtrue\else\isanumfalse\fi} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +(which technique is due to David Kastrup; the trick for avoiding the +errors, noted in an earlier version of this answer, was suggested by +Andreas Matthias). +In a later thread on the same topic, Michael Downes offered: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\IsInteger#1{% + TT\fi + \begingroup \lccode`\-=`\0 \lccode`+=`\0 + \lccode`\1=`\0 \lccode`\2=`\0 \lccode`\3=`\0 + \lccode`\4=`\0 \lccode`\5=`\0 \lccode`\6=`\0 + \lccode`\7=`\0 \lccode`\8=`\0 \lccode`\9=`\0 + \lowercase{\endgroup + \expandafter\ifx\expandafter\delimiter + \romannumeral0\string#1}\delimiter +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\IsInteger#1{% + TT\fi + \begingroup \lccode`\-=`\0 \lccode`+=`\0 + \lccode`\1=`\0 \lccode`\2=`\0 + \lccode`\3=`\0 \lccode`\4=`\0 + \lccode`\5=`\0 \lccode`\6=`\0 + \lccode`\7=`\0 \lccode`\8=`\0 + \lccode`\9=`\0 + \lowercase{\endgroup + \expandafter\ifx\expandafter\delimiter + \romannumeral0\string#1}\delimiter +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +which relies on \csx{romannumeral} producing an empty result if its +argument is zero. Sadly, this technique has the unfortunate property +that it accepts simple expressions such as `\texttt{1+2-3}'; this +could be solved by an initial \csx{gobbleminus}-like construction. + +All the complete functions above are designed to be used in \TeX{} +conditionals written ``naturally''~--- for example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\if\IsInteger{<subject of test>}% + <deal with integer>% +\else + <deal with non-integer>% +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The \LaTeX{} \Class{memoir} class has an internal command of its own, +\cmdinvoke*{checkifinteger}{num}, that sets the conditional command +\csx{ifinteger} according to whether the argument was an integer. + +Of course, all this kerfuffle would be (essentially) void if there was +a simple means of ``catching'' \TeX{} errors. Imagining an +error-catching primitive \csx{ifnoerror}, one might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\IsInteger#1{% + TT% + \ifnoerror + \tempcount=#1\relax +% carries on if no error + \expandafter\iftrue + \else +% here if there was an error + \expandafter\iffalse + \fi +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +thus using \TeX{}'s own integer-parsing code to do the check. It's a +pity that such a mechanism was never defined (it could be that it's +impossible to program within \TeX{}!). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-hash]{Defining macros within macros} + +The way to think of this is that |##| gets replaced by |#| in just the +same way that |#1| gets replaced by `whatever is the first argument'. + +So if you define a macro: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\a[1]{+#1+#1+#1+} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or (using the \tex{} primitive \csx{def}): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\a#1{+#1+#1+#1+} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and use it as \cmdinvoke{a}{b}, +the macro expansion produces `+b+b+b+', +as most people would expect. + +However, if we now replace part of the macro: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\a[1]{+#1+% + \newcommand\x[1]{xxx#1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\a[1]{+#1+\newcommand\x[1]{xxx#1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +then \cmdinvoke{a}{b} will give us the rather odd +\begin{quote} + +b+\cmdinvoke{newcommand}{x}[1]{xxxb} +\end{quote} +so that the new \csx{x} ignores its argument. + +If we use the \tex{} primitive: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\a#1{+#1+\def\x #1{xxx#1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\cmdinvoke{a}{b} will expand to `+b+|\def\x b{xxxb}|'. This +defines \csx{x} to be a macro \emph{delimited} by |b|, and taking no +arguments, which is surely not what was intended! + +Actually, to define \csx{x} to take an argument, we need +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\a[1]{+#1+% + \newcommand\x[1]{xxx##1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\a[1]{+#1+\newcommand\x[1]{xxx##1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +or, using the \tex{} primitive definition: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\a#1{+#1+\def\x ##1{xxx##1}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and \cmdinvoke{a}{b} will expand to +\begin{quote} + +b+|\def\x #1{xxx#1}| +\end{quote} +because |#1| gets replaced by `b' +and |##| gets replaced by |#|. + +To nest a definition inside a definition inside a definition then you +need |####1|, doubling the number of |#| signs; and at the next level +you need 8~|#|s each time, and so on. + +\Question[Q-spinmacro]{Spaces in macros} + +It's very easy to write macros that produce space in the typeset +output where it's neither desired nor expected. Spaces introduced by +macros are particularly insidious because they don't amalgamate with +spaces around the macro (unlike consecutive spaces that you +type), so your output can have a single bloated space that proves +to be made up of two or even more spaces that haven't amalgamated. +And of course, your output can also have a space where none was wanted +at all. + +Spaces are produced, inside a macro as elsewhere, by space or tab +characters, or by end-of-line characters. There are two basic rules +to remember when writing a macro: first, the rules for ignoring spaces +when you're typing macros are just the same as the rules that apply +when you're typing ordinary text, and second, rules for ignoring +spaces do \emph{not} apply to spaces produced while a macro is being +obeyed (``expanded''). + +Spaces are ignored in vertical mode (between paragraphs), at the +beginning of a line, and after a command name. Since sequences of +spaces are collapsed into one, it `feels as if' spaces are ignored if +they follow another space. Space can have syntactic meaning after +certain sorts of non-braced arguments (e.g., \emph{count} and +\emph{dimen} variable assignments in \plaintex{}) and after certain +control words (e.g., in \csx{hbox} |to|, so again we have instances +where it `feels as if' spaces are being ignored when they're merely +working quietly for their living. + +Consider the following macro, fairly faithfully adapted from one that +appeared on \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}: +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\stline}[1] + { \bigskip \makebox[2cm]{ \textbf{#1} } } +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the original appeared on a single line: it's wrapped here to fit in +the printed \acro{FAQ}'s narrow columns). + +\noindent +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\stline}[1]{ \bigskip \makebox[2cm]{ \textbf{#1} } } +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +The macro definition contains five spaces: +\begin{itemize} +\item after the opening |{| of the macro body; this space will be + ignored, not because ``because the macro appears at the start of a + line'', but rather because the macro was designed to operate between + paragraphs +\item after \csx{bigskip}; this space will be ignored (while the macro + is being defined) because it follows a command name +\item after the |{| of the mandatory argument of \csx{makebox}; even + though this space will inevitably appear at the start of an output + line, it will \emph{not} be ignored +\item after the |}| closing the argument of \csx{textbf}; this space + will not be ignored, but may be overlooked if the argument is well + within the |2cm| allowed for it +\item after the |}| closing the mandatory argument of \csx{makebox}; + this space will not be ignored +\end{itemize} +The original author of the macro had been concerned that the starts of +his lines with this macro in them were not at the left margin, and +that the text appearing after the macro wasn't always properly +aligned. These problems arose from the space at the start of the +mandatory argument of \csx{makebox} and the space immediately after the +same argument. He had written his macro in that way to emphasise the +meaning of its various parts; unfortunately the meaning was rather +lost in the problems the macro caused. + +The principal technique for suppressing spaces is the use of +\texttt{\textpercent} characters: everything after a +\texttt{\textpercent} is ignored, even the end of line itself (so +that not even the end of line can contribute an unwanted space). The +secondary technique is to ensure that the end of line is preceded by a +command name (since the end of line behaves like a space, it will be +ignored following a command name). Thus the above command would be +written (by an experienced programmer with a similar eye to +emphasising the structure): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\stline}[1]{% + \bigskip + \makebox[2cm]{% + \textbf{#1}\relax + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Care has been taken to ensure that every space in the revised +definition is ignored, so none appears in the output. The revised +definition takes the ``belt and braces'' approach, explicitly dealing +with every line ending (although, as noted above, a space introduced +at the end of the first line of the macro would have been ignored in +actual use of the macro. This is the best technique, in fact~--- it's +easier to blindly suppress spaces than to analyse at every point +whether you actually need to. Three techniques were used to suppress +spaces: +\begin{itemize} +\item placing a \texttt{\textpercent} character at the end of a line + (as in the 1st, 3rd and 5th lines), +\item ending a line `naturally' with a control sequence, as in line 2, + and +\item ending a line with an `artificial' control sequence, as in line + 4; the control sequence in this case (\csx{relax}) is a no-op in many + circumstances (as here), but this usage is deprecated~--- a + \texttt{\textpercent} character would have been better. +\end{itemize} +Beware of the (common) temptation to place a space \emph{before} a +\texttt{\textpercent} character: if you do this you might as well omit +the \texttt{\textpercent} altogether. + +In ``real life'', of course, the spaces that appear in macros are far +more cryptic than those in the example above. The most common spaces +arise from unprotected line ends, and this is an error that +occasionally appears even in macros written by the most accomplished +programmers. + +\Question[Q-moren9]{How to break the 9-argument limit} + +If you think about it, you will realise that Knuth's command +definition syntax: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\blah#1#2 ... #9{<macro body>} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +is intrinsically limited to just 9 arguments. There's no direct way +round this: how would you express a 10th argument?~--- and ensure that +the syntax didn't gobble some other valid usage? + +If you really must have more than 9 arguments, the way to go is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\blah#1#2 ... #9{% + \def\ArgI{{#1}}% + \def\ArgII{{#2}}% + ... + \def\ArgIX{{#9}}% + \BlahRelay +} +\def\BlahRelay#1#2#3{% + % arguments 1-9 are now in + % \ArgI-\ArgIX + % arguments 10-12 are in + % #1-#3 + <macro body>% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This technique is easily extendible by concert pianists of the \TeX{} +keyboard, but is really hard to recommend. + +\LaTeX{} users have the small convenience of merely giving a number of +arguments in the \csx{newcommand} that defines each part of the +relaying mechanism: Knuth's restriction applies to \csx{newcommand} +just as it does to \csx{def}. However, \LaTeX{} users also have the +way out of such barbarous command syntax: the \Package{keyval} +package. With \Package{keyval}, and a bit of programming, one can +write really quite sophisticated commands, whose invocation might look +like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\flowerinstance{species=Primula veris, + family=Primulaceae, + location=Coldham's Common, + locationtype=Common grazing land, + date=1995/04/24, + numplants=50, + soiltype=alkaline +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The merit of such verbosity is that it is self-explanatory: the typist +doesn't have to remember that argument twelve is |soiltype|, and so +on: the commands may be copied from field notes quickly and +accurately. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[keyval.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{graphics}[keyval] +\end{ctanrefs} + + * faq-mac-prog.tex (q-keyval): tweak words about getoptk + +\Question[Q-keyval]{Key-value input for macros and package options} + +When we discussed % !line break +\Qref*{extending the number of arguments to a macro}{Q-moren9}, we +suggested that large numbers of arguments, distinguished only by their +position, aren't very kind to the user, and that a package such as +\Package{keyval} offers a more attractive user interface. We now +consider the packages that the macro programmer might use, to create +such a user interface. + +The simplest key-value processor (for \latex{}, at least) remains +\Package{keyval}; it has a command \csx{define@key} to declare a key +and a \emph{handler} to process it, and a macro \csx{setkeys} to offer +values to the handler of one or more keys. Thus: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\define@key{my}{foo}{Foo is #1\par} +\define@key{my}{bar}[99]{Bar is #1\par} +... +\setkeys{my}{foo=3,bar} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will produce output saying: +\begin{quote} + Foo is 3\par{} + Bar is 99 +\end{quote} +This has defined two keys `\texttt{foo}' and `\texttt{bar}' in family +`\texttt{my}', and then executed them, the first with argument +`\texttt{3}' and the second with no argument, so that the default +value of `\texttt{99}' is picked up. In effect, the two calls to +\csx{define@key} are simply defining commands, as (for example): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\KV@my@foo}[1]{Foo is #1} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the definition of \csx{KV@my@bar} is similar, but trickier). The +command \csx{setkeys} knows how to find those commands when it needs to +process each key~--- it is easy to regurgitate the structure of the +command name, with family name (`\texttt{my}', here) after the first +`\texttt{@}', and the key name after the second `\texttt{@}'. (The +`\texttt{KV}' part is fixed, in \Package{keyval}.) + +These simple commands are enough, in fact, to process the botanical +example offered as replacement for multi-argument commands in % ! line break +\Qref[question]{the question mentioned above}{Q-moren9}, or the +optional arguments of the \csx{includegraphics} command of the +\Package{graphicx} package. (The last is, in fact, what +\Package{keyval} was designed to do.) + +However, we need more if we're to to have package options in +`key-value' form. Packages like \Package{hyperref} have enormously +complicated package options which need key-value processing at +\csx{ProcessOptions} time: \Package{keyval} can't do that on its own. + +Heiko Oberdiek's \Package{kvoptions} package comes to our help: it +enables the programmer to declare class or package options that +operate as key and value pairs. The package defines commands +\csx{DeclareBoolOption} for options whose value should be either +\emph{true} or \emph{false}, and \csx{DeclareStringOption} for all +other options that have a value. Keys are declared using +\Package{keyval} and may remain available for use within the document, +or may be `cancelled' to avoid confusion. If you have loaded +\Package{kvoptions}, the \LaTeX{} kernel's \csx{DeclareOption} becomes +\csx{DeclareVoidOption} (it's an option with no value), and +\csx{DeclareOption*} becomes \csx{DeclareDefaultOption}. + +Heiko also provides \Package{kvsetkeys} which is a more robust version +of \Package{setkeys}, with some of the rough edges made smoother. + +Hendri Adriaens' \Package{xkeyval} offers more flexibility than +the original \Package{keyval} and is more robust than the original, +too. Like \Package{kvoptions}, the package also has mechanisms to +allow class and package options in key-value form (macros +\csx{DeclareOptionX}, \csx{ExecuteOptionsX} and \csx{ProcessOptionsX}. +\Package{Pstricks} bundle packages use a \Package{xkeyval} derivative +called \Package{pst-xkey} for their own key-value manipulation. +% xkvview? (i think we can ignore xkvltxp for these purposes) + +The (widely-respected) \Package{pgf} graphics package has its own +key-value package called \Package{pgfkeys}. The documentation of the +package (part of the huge \Package{pgf} manual, in part 5, +``utilities'') contains a useful comparison with other key-value +systems; some notable differences are: +\begin{itemize} +\item key organisation: \Package{pgfkeys} uses a tree structure, while + \Package{keyval} and \Package{xkeyval} both associate keys with a family; +\item \Package{pgfkeys} supports multi-argument key code; and +\item \Package{pgfkeys} can support call-backs when an unknown key + appears (these things are called \emph{handlers}. +\end{itemize} +Keys are organized in a tree that is reminiscent of the Unix fille +tree. A typical key might be, \File{/tikz/coordinate system/x} or +just \File{/x}. When you specify keys you can provide the complete +path of the key, but you usually just provide the name of the key +(corresponding to the file name without any path) and the path is +added automatically. So a \csx{pgfkeys} command might be: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\pgfkeys{/my key=hello,/your keys/main key=something\strange, + key name without path=something else} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\pgfkeys{/my key=hello, + /your keys/main key=something\strange, + key name without path=something else} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +and for each key mentioned, the associated code will be executed. +\dots{} and that code is also set up using \csx{pgfkeys}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\pgfkeys{/my key/.code=The value is '#1'.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +after which +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\pgfkeys{/my key=hi!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will produce just +\begin{quote} + The value is 'hi!'. +\end{quote} +The manual goes on, showing how to define a key with two arguments, +how to provide default value for a key, and how to define aliases for +particular key sequences (which are called ``styles''). All in all, +it seems a well thought-out system, offering a lot of flexibility that +isn't available with the other keys packages. However, there seems to +be no mechanism for using \Package{pgfkeys} keys as part of the +options of another package, in the way that \Package{kvoptions} does. + +The \Package{l3kernel} programming layer for \Qref*{\LaTeX{}3}{Q-LaTeX3} +includes the \Package{l3keys} module. Inspired by \Package{pgfkeys}, +it provides a keyval-based method for the programmer to create keys. +As with keyval and derivatives, \Package{l3keys} uses separate macros +for defining and setting keys. The package \Package{l3keys2e} makes +it possible for \latexe{} class and package +options to be processed using \Package{l3keys}. \Package{L3kernel} +code can be used within existing LaTeX2e documents, so +\Package{l3keys} is also available to the \latexe{} programmer `direct'. + +Another key-value system that's part of larger set of macros is +\Package{scrbase}, which uses the facilities of \Package{keyval} to +build a larger set of facilities, originally for use within the +\Class{KOMA-script} bundle. For English-speaking authors, there are +difficulties from the German-only documentation; however, from a +partial translation available to the author of this answer, a summary +is possible. The package may build on the facilities either of +\Package{kyeval} or of \Package{xkeyval}, and builds its functionality +on the structure of the `key family'. The user may define family +`members' and keys are defined relative to the members. (For example, +the package \Package{scrbase} is part of the \Class{KOMA-script} +bundle; so its keys are all members of the \Package{scrbase.sty} +family within the \Package{KOMA} family. The function +\csx{FamilyProcessOptions} allows the programmer to decode the options +of the package in terms of the package's key family. Note that there +is no special provision made for ``traditional'' package options, as +in the \Package{kvoptions} package. + +This brief summary was guided by input from two sources: a draft article +for \textsl{TUGboat} by Joseph Wright, and the partial translation of the +documentation of package \Package{scrbase} prepared by Philipp +Stephani. + +All the above are (at least) aimed at \latex{} programming; there is +one package, \Package{getoptk}, aimed at the \plaintex{} programmer. +\Package{Getoptk} uses syntax inspired by that offered by \tex{} +primitives such as \csx{hrule} and \csx{hbox}, so we are offered +syntax such as: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begindisplay file {chapter1} literal offset 20pt +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(taken from the package manual). +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begindisplay file {chapter1} % + literal offset 20pt +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(taken from the package manual, but wrapped to fit into narrow +columns). +\end{narrowversion} + +There are (we know) people who would swear that such syntax is +wonderful (the present author wouldn't), but the package earns its +place as the only stand-alone key-value macros that will work in \plaintex{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[getoptk.tex]\CTANref{getoptk} +\item[keyval.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{graphics}[keyval] +\item[kvoptions.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[kvoptions] +\item[kvsetkeys.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[kvsetkeys] +\item[l3keys.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3kernel} +\item[l3keys2e.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3packages} +\item[pgfkeys.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{pgf} +\item[scrbase.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script} +\item[xkeyval.sty]\CTANref{xkeyval} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-09-06} + +\Question[Q-activechars]{Defining characters as macros} + +Single characters can act as macros (defined commands), and both +\plaintex{} and \LaTeX{} define the character +``\texttt{\textasciitilde}'' as a ``non-breakable space''. A +character is made definable, or ``active'', by setting its +\emph{category code} (catcode) to be \csx{active} (13): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\catcode`\_=\active +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Any character could, in principle, be activated this way and defined +as a macro: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def_{\_} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which could be characterised as an over-simple answer to % ! line break +\Qref[question]{using underscores}{Q-underscore}. However, you must be +wary: whereas people expect an active tilde, other active characters +may be unexpected and interact badly with other macros. Furthermore, +by defining an active character, you preclude the character's use for +other purposes, and there are few characters ``free'' to be subverted +in this way. + +To define the character ``\texttt{z}'' as a command, one would say something +like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\catcode`\z=\active +\def z{Yawn, I'm tired}% +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and each subsequent ``\texttt{z}'' in the text would become a +yawn. This would be an astoundingly bad idea for most documents, but +might have special applications. (Note that, in ``\csx{def}\texttt{ + z}'', ``\texttt{z}'' is no longer interpreted as a letter; the space +is therefore not necessary~--- ``\csx{defz}'' would do; we choose to +retain the space, for what little clarity we can manage.) +Some \LaTeX{} packages facilitate such definitions. For example, the +\Package{shortvrb} package with its \csx{MakeShortVerb} command. + +\TeX{} uses category codes to interpret characters as they are read +from the input. +% beware line break +\emph{Changing a catcode value will not affect characters that have already been read}. +Therefore, it is best if characters have fixed category codes for the +duration of a document. If catcodes are changed for particular +purposes (the \csx{verb} command does this), then the altered +characters will not be interpreted properly when they appear in the +argument to another command (as, for example, in +% beware line-break +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{\csx{verb} in command arguments}{Q-verbwithin}\htmlonly{''}). +An exemplary case is the \Package{doc} package, which processes .dtx +files using the \Package{shortvrb} package to define +\texttt{\textbar\dots{}\textbar} as a shorthand for +\csx{verb}\texttt{\textbar\dots{}\textbar}. But \texttt{\textbar} is +also used in the preambles of tabular environments, so that tables in +\extension{dtx} files can only have vertical line separation between +columns by employing special measures of some sort. + +Another consequence is that catcode assignments made +in macros often don't work as expected % beware linebreak +(\htmlonly{see ``}\Qref{Active characters in command arguments}{Q-actinarg}\htmlonly{''}). +For example, the definition +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\mistake{% +\catcode`_=\active +\def_{\textunderscore\-}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +does not work because it attempts to define an ordinary \texttt{\_} character: +When the macro is used, the category change does not apply to the +underscore character already in the macro definition. Instead, one may +use: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begingroup +\catcode`_=\active +\gdef\works{% note the global \gdef + \catcode`_=\active + \def_{\textunderscore\-}% +} +\endgroup +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The alternative (``tricksy'') way of creating such an isolated +definition depends on the curious properties of \csx{lowercase}, which +changes characters without altering their catcodes. Since there is +always \emph{one} active character (``\texttt{\textasciitilde}''), we +can fool \csx{lowercase} into patching up a definition without ever +explicitly changing a catcode: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begingroup + \lccode`\~=`\_ + \lowercase{\endgroup + \def~{\textunderscore\-}% + }% +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The two definitions have the same overall effect (the character is +defined as a command, but the character does not remain active), +except that the first defines a \csx{global} command. + +For active characters to be used only in maths mode, it is much better +to leave the character having its ordinary catcode, but assign it a +special active \emph{maths code}, as with +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begingroup + \lccode`~=`x + \lowercase{\endgroup + \def~{\times}% + }% +\mathcode`x="8000 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The special character does not need to be redefined whenever it is +made active~--- the definition of the command persists even if the +character's catcode reverts to its original value; the definition +becomes accessible again if the character once again becomes active. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[doc.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution \CTANref{latex}[doc] +\item[shortvrb.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution \CTANref{latex}[shortvrb] +\end{ctanrefs} + + +\Question[Q-actinarg]{Active characters in command arguments} + +Occasionally, it's nice to make one or two characters active in the +argument of a command, to make it easier for authors to code the +arguments. + +Active characters \emph{can} be used safely in such situations; but +care is needed. + +An example arose while this answer was being considered: an aspirant +macro writer posted to \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} asking for help to +make |#| and |b| produce musical sharp and flat signs, respectively, +in a macro for specifying chords. + +The first problem is that both |#| and |b| have rather important uses +elsewhere in \TeX{} (to say the least!), so that the characters can +only be made active while the command is executing. + +Using the techniques discussed in % beware line break, next line +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{characters as commands}{Q-activechars}\htmlonly{''}, +we can define: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begingroup + \catcode`\#=\active + \gdef#{$\sharp$} +\endgroup +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begingroup + \lccode`\~=`\b + \lowercase{\endgroup + \def~{$\flat$}% + } +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The second problem is one of timing: the command has to make each +character active \emph{before} its arguments are read: this means that +the command can't actually ``have'' arguments itself, but must be +split in two. So we write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\chord{% + \begingroup + \catcode`\#=\active + \catcode`\b=\active + \Xchord +} +\def\Xchord#1{% + \chordfont#1% + \endgroup +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and we can use the command as \cmdinvoke{chord}{F\#} or +\cmdinvoke{chord}{Bb minor}. + +Two features of the coding are important: +\begin{itemize} +\item \csx{begingroup} in \csx{chord} opens a group that is closed by + \csx{endgroup} in \csx{Xchord}; this group limits the change of + category codes, which is the \emph{raison d'\^etre} of the whole + exercise. +\item Although |#| is active while \csx{Xchord} is executed, it's + \emph{not} active when it's being defined, so that the use of |#1| + doesn't require any special attention. +\end{itemize} + +Note that the technique used in such macros as \csx{chord}, here, is +analogous to that used in such commands as \csx{verb}; and, in just the +same way as \csx{verb} (see +% beware breaking long line +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{\csx{verb} doesn't work in arguments}{Q-verbwithin}\htmlonly{''}), +\csx{chord} won't work inside the argument of another command (the +error messages, if they appear at all, will probably be rather odd). + + +\Question[Q-csname]{Defining a macro from an argument} + +It's common to want a command to create another command: often one +wants the new command's name to derive from an argument. \LaTeX{} +does this all the time: for example, \csx{newenvironment} creates +start- and end-environment commands whose names are derived from the +name of the environment command. + +The (seemingly) obvious approach: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\relay#1#2{\def\#1{#2}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +doesn't work (the \TeX{} engine interprets it +as a rather strange redefinition of |\#|). The trick is to use +\csx{csname}, which is a \TeX{} primitive for generating command names +from random text, together with \csx{expandafter}. The definition +above should read: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\relay#1#2{% + \expandafter\def\csname #1\endcsname{#2}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +With this definition, \cmdinvoke{relay}{blah}{bleah} is equivalent to +\csx{def}\cmdinvoke{blah}{bleah}. + +Note that the definition of \csx{relay} omits the braces round the +`command name' in the \csx{newcommand} it executes. This is +because they're not necessary (in fact they seldom are), and in this +circumstance they make the macro code slightly more tedious. + +The name created need not (of course) be \emph{just} the argument: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\newrace#1#2#3{\expandafter\def + \csname start#1\endcsname{% + #2% + }% + \expandafter\def + \csname finish#1\endcsname{% + #3% + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\newrace#1#2#3{% + \expandafter\def\csname start#1\endcsname{% + #2% + }% + \expandafter\def\csname finish#1\endcsname{% + #3% + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +With commands +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\start#1{\csname start#1\endcsname} +\def\finish#1{\csname finish#1\endcsname} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +these `races' could behave a bit like \LaTeX{} environments. + +\Question[Q-cvtlatex]{Transcribing \LaTeX{} command definitions} + +At several places in this \acro{FAQ}, questions are answered in terms +of how to program a \LaTeX{} macro. Sometimes, these macros might +also help users of \plaintex{} or other packages; this answer +attempts to provide a rough-and-ready guide to transcribing such macro +definitions for use in other packages. + +The reason \LaTeX{} has commands that replace \csx{def}, is that +there's a general philosophy within \LaTeX{} that the user should be +protected from himself: the user has different commands according to +whether the command to be defined exists (\csx{renewcommand}) or not +(\csx{newcommand}), and if its status proves not as the user expected, +an error is reported. A third definition command, +\csx{providecommand}, only defines if the target is not already +defined; \LaTeX{} has no direct equivalent of \csx{def}, which ignores +the present state of the command. The final command of this sort is +\csx{DeclareRobustCommand}, which creates a command which is ``robust'' +(i.e., will not expand if subjected to \LaTeX{} ``protected +expansion''); from the \plaintex{} user's point of view, +\csx{DeclareRobustCommand} should be treated as a non-checking version +of \csx{newcommand}. + +\LaTeX{} commands are, by default, defined \csx{long}; an optional \texttt{*} +between the \csx{newcommand} and its (other) arguments specifies that +the command is \emph{not} to be defined \csx{long}. The \texttt{*} is +detected by a command \csx{@ifstar} which uses \csx{futurelet} to switch +between two branches, and gobbles the \texttt{*}: \LaTeX{} users are +encouraged to think of the \texttt{*} as part of the command name. + +\LaTeX{}'s checks for unknown command are done by \csx{ifx} comparison +of a \csx{csname} construction with \csx{relax}; since the command name +argument is the desired control sequence name, this proves a little +long-winded. Since \texttt{\#1} is the requisite argument, we have: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\expandafter\ifx + \csname + \expandafter\@gobble\string#1% + \endcsname + \relax + ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\expandafter\ifx + \csname\expandafter\@gobble\string#1\endcsname + \relax + ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +(\csx{@gobble} simply throws away its argument). + +The arguments of a \LaTeX{} command are specified by two optional +arguments to the defining command: a count of arguments (0--9: if the +count is 0, the optional count argument may be omitted), and a default +value for the first argument, if the defined command's first argument +is to be optional. So: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\foo{...} +\newcommand\foo[0]{...} +\newcommand\foo[1]{...#1...} +\newcommand\foo[2][boo]{...#1...#2...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In the last case, \csx{foo} may be called as \cmdinvoke{foo}{goodbye}, +which is equivalent to \cmdinvoke{foo}[boo]{goodbye} (employing the +default value given for the first argument), or as +\cmdinvoke{foo}[hello]{goodbye} (with an explicit first argument). + +Coding of commands with optional arguments is exemplified by the +coding of the last \csx{foo} above: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\foo{\futurelet\next\@r@foo} +\def\@r@foo{\ifx\next[% + \let\next\@x@foo + \else + \def\next{\@x@foo[boo]}% + \fi + \next +} +\def\@x@foo[#1]#2{...#1...#2...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-empty]{Detecting that something is empty} + +Suppose you need to know that the argument of your command is empty: +that is, to distinguish between \cmdinvoke{cmd}{\relax} % \relax doesn't print +and \cmdinvoke{cmd}{blah}. This is pretty simple: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\cmd#1{% + \def\tempa{}% + \def\tempb{#1}% + \ifx\tempa\tempb + <empty case> + \else + <non-empty case> + \fi +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The case where you want to ignore an argument that consists of nothing +but spaces, rather than something completely empty, is more tricky. +It's solved in the code fragment \Package{ifmtarg}, which defines +commands \csx{@ifmtarg} and \csx{@ifnotmtarg}, which examine their +first argument, and select (in opposite directions) their second or +third argument. The package's code also appears in the \LaTeX{} +\Class{memoir} class. + +\Package{Ifmtarg} makes challenging reading; there's also a discussion of the +issue in number two of the ``around the bend'' articles by the late +lamented Mike Downes. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Around the bend series]\CTANref{aro-bend} +\item[ifmtarg.sty]\CTANref{ifmtarg} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-whatengine]{Am I using \pdftex{}, \xetex{} or \luatex{}?} +\AliasQuestion{Q-ifpdf} + +You often need to know what ``engine'' your macros are running on (the +engine is the \tex{}-derivative or \tex{}-alike processor that +typesets your document). The reason that you need to know is that the +set of functions available in each engine is different. Thus, for +\tex{} macros to run on any engine, they need to ``know'' what they +can and cannot do, which depends on the engine in use. Getting the +right answer is surprisingly tricky (see below for an elaboration of +one apparently simple test). + +There is now a comprehensive set of packages that answer the question +for you. They all create a \tex{} conditional command: +\begin{itemize} +\item \Package{ifpdf} creates a command \csx{ifpdf}, +\item \Package{ifxetex} creates a command \csx{ifxetex} and +\item \Package{ifluatex} creates a command \csx{ifluatex}. +\end{itemize} +These \tex{} commands may be used within the \latex{} conditional +framework, as (for example): +\begin{quote} + \csx{ifthenelse}\texttt{\obracesymbol{}}\cmdinvoke{boolean}{pdf}\texttt{\cbracesymbol{}}\texttt{\obracesymbol{}}\meta{if pdf}\texttt{\cbracesymbol{}}\texttt{\obracesymbol{}}\meta{if not pdf}\texttt{\cbracesymbol{}} +\end{quote} + +The \Package{ifxetex} package also provides a command +\csx{RequireXeTeX} which creates an error if the code is not running +under \xetex{}; while the other packages don't provide such a command, +it's not really difficult to write one for yourself. + +% khalighi's iftex package, too -- \require's for all engines, but i'm +% not entirely sure of the conditionals, so "for later" if at all + +Now for those who want to do the job for themselves: here's a +discussion of doing the job for \pdftex{} and \csx{ifpdf}~--- the +eager programmer can regenerate \csx{ifxetex} or \csx{ifluatex} in the +same fashion. It's not recommended\dots + +Suppose you need to test whether your output will be \acro{PDF} or +\acro{DVI}. The natural thing is to check whether you have access to +some \PDFTeX{}-only primitive; a good one to try (not least because it +was present in the very first releases of \PDFTeX{}) is +\csx{pdfoutput}. So you try +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined + ... % not running PDFTeX +\else + ... % running PDFTeX +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Except that neither branch of this conditional is rock-solid. The +first branch can be misleading, since the ``awkward'' user could have +written: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\pdfoutput\undefined +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +so that your test will falsely choose the first alternative. While +this is a theoretical problem, it is unlikely to be a major one. + +More important is the user who loads a package that uses +\LaTeX{}-style testing for the command name's existence (for example, +the \LaTeX{} \Package{graphics} package, which is useful even to the +\plaintex{} user). Such a package may have gone ahead of you, so the +test may need to be elaborated: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined + ... % not running PDFTeX +\else + \ifx\pdfoutput\relax + ... % not running PDFTeX + \else + ... % running PDFTeX + \fi +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +If you only want to know whether some \PDFTeX{} extension (such as +marginal kerning) is present, you can stop at this point: you know as +much as you need. + +However, if you need to know whether you're creating \acro{PDF} +output, you also need to know about the value of \csx{pdfoutput}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined + ... % not running PDFTeX +\else + \ifx\pdfoutput\relax + ... % not running PDFTeX + \else + % running PDFTeX, with... + \ifnum\pdfoutput>0 + ... % PDF output + \else + ... % DVI output + \fi + \fi +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ifpdf.sty]Distributed as part Heiko Oberdiek's bundle + \CTANref{oberdiek}[ifpdf] +\item[ifluatex.sty]Distributed as part of Heiko Oberdiek's bundle + \CTANref{oberdiek}[ifluatex] +\item[ifxetex.sty]\CTANref{ifxetex} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-13} + +\Question[Q-subverttoks]{Subverting a token register} + +A common requirement is to ``subvert'' a token register that other +macros may use. The requirement arises when you want to add something +to a system token register (\csx{output} or \csx{every*}), but know +that other macros use the token register, too. (A common requirement +is to work on \csx{everypar}, but \LaTeX{} changes \csx{everypar} at +every touch and turn.) + +The following technique, due to David Kastrup, does what you need, and +allows an independent package to play the exact same game: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\mypkg@@everypar\everypar +\newtoks\mypkg@everypar +\mypkg@everypar\expandafter{\the\everypar} +\mypkg@@everypar{\mypkgs@ownstuff\the\mypkg@everypar} +\def\mypkgs@ownstuff{% + <stuff to do at the start of the token register>% +} +\let\everypar\mypkg@everypar +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\let\mypkg@@everypar\everypar +\newtoks\mypkg@everypar +\mypkg@everypar\expandafter{\the\everypar} +\mypkg@@everypar{\mypkgs@ownstuff + \the\mypkg@everypar} +\def\mypkgs@ownstuff{% + <stuff to do at the start of + the token register>% +} +\let\everypar\mypkg@everypar +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +As you can see, the package (\Package{mypkg}) +\begin{itemize} +\item creates an alias for the existing ``system'' \csx{everypar} + (which is frozen into any surrounding environment, which will carry + on using the original); +\item creates a token register to subvert \csx{everypar} and + initialises it with the current contents of \csx{everypar}; +\item sets the ``old'' \csx{everypar} to execute its own extra code, + as well as the contents of its own token register; +\item defines the macro for the extra code; and +\item points the token \csx{everypar} at the new token register. +\end{itemize} +and away we go. + +The form \csx{mypkg@...} is (sort of) blessed for \LaTeX{} package +internal names, which is why this example uses macros of that form. + +\Question[Q-isdef]{Is this command defined?} + +Macro sets from the earliest days of \TeX{} programming may be +observed to test whether commands exist by using +\begin{quote} +\csx{ifx} \csx{}\texttt{\emph{command}} \csx{undefined} \meta{stuff} \dots{} +\end{quote} +(which of course actually tests that the command \emph{doesn't} +exist). \LaTeX{} programmers can make use of the internal command +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke*{@ifundefined}{cmd name}{action1}{action2} +\end{quote} +which executes \texttt{action1} if the command is undefined, and +\texttt{action2} if it is defined +(\emph{cmd name} is the command name only, omitting the `|\|' character). + +The \csx{@ifundefined} command is based on the sequence +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\expandafter + \ifx\csname cmd name\endcsname\relax +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\expandafter \ifx \csname cmd name\endcsname \relax +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +which relies on the way \csx{csname} works: if the command doesn't +exist, it simply creates it as an alias for \csx{relax}. + +So: what is wrong with these techniques? + +Using \csx{undefined} blithely assumes that the command is indeed not +defined. This isn't entirely safe; one could make the name more +improbable, but that may simply make it more difficult to spot a +problem when things go wrong. \LaTeX{} programmers who use the +technique will typically employ \csx{@undefined}, adding a single +level of obscurity. + +The \csx{@ifundefined} mechanism has the unfortunate property of +polluting the name space: each test that turns out undefined adds a +name to the set \TeX{} is holding, and often all those ``\csx{relax}'' +names serve no purpose whatever. Even so (sadly) there are places in +the code of \LaTeX{} where the existence of the \csx{relax} is relied +upon, after the test, so we can't get away from \csx{@ifundefined} +altogether. + +David Kastrup offers the (rather tricky) +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\expandafter}\expandafter\ifx \csname cmd name\endcsname\relax ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\expandafter}\expandafter + \ifx \csname cmd name\endcsname \relax ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +which ``creates'' the \csx{relax}-command inside the group of the first +\csx{expandafter}, therefore forgets it again once the test is done. +The test is about as good as you can do with macros. + +The \Qref*{\eTeX{} system}{Q-etex} system comes to our help here: it +defines two new primitives: +\begin{itemize} +\item \csx{ifdefined}, which tests whether a thing is defined (the + negative of comparing with \csx{undefined}, as it were), and +\item \csx{ifcsname} \texttt{cmd name}\csx{endcsname}, which does the + negative of \csx{@ifundefined} without the \csx{relax}-command + side-effect. +\end{itemize} +So, in an \eTeX{}-based system, the following two conditional clauses do +the same thing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifdefined\foo + \message{\string\foo\space is defined}% +\else + \message{no command \string\foo}% +\fi +% +\ifcsname foo\endcsname + \message{\string\foo\space is defined}% +\else + \message{no command \string\foo}% +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +However, after using the \LaTeX{} +\cmdinvoke{@ifundefined}{foo}\dots{}, the conditionals will detect the +command as ``existing'' (since it has been \csx{let} to \csx{relax}); +so it is important not to mix mechanisms for detecting the state of a +command. + +Since most distributions nowadays use \eTeX{} as their base executable +for most packages, these two primitives may be expected appear widely +in new macro packages. + +\subsection{\LaTeX{} macro tools and techniques} + +\Question[Q-plninltx*]{Using Plain or primitive commands in \LaTeX{}} + +It's well-known that \LaTeX{} commands tend to be more complex, and to +run more slowly than, any \plaintex{} (or primitive) command that they +replace. There is therefore great temptation not to use \LaTeX{} +commands when macro programming. Nevertheless, the general rule is +that you should use \LaTeX{} commands, if there are seeming +equivalents. The exception is when you are sure you know the +differences between the two commands and you know that you need the +\plaintex{} version. So, for example, use \csx{mbox} in place of \csx{hbox} +unless you know that the extras that \LaTeX{} provides in \csx{mbox} +would cause trouble in your application. Similarly, use +\csx{newcommand} (or one of its relatives) unless you need one of the +constructs that cannot be achieved without the use of \csx{def} (or friends). + +As a general rule, any \LaTeX{} text command will start a new +paragraph if necessary; this isn't the case with \plaintex{} +commands, a fact which has a potential to confuse. + +The commands \csx{smallskip}, \csx{medskip} and \csx{bigskip} exist both +in \plaintex{} and \LaTeX{}, but behave slightly differently: in +\plaintex{} they terminate the current paragraph, but in \LaTeX{} they +don't. The command \csx{line} is part of picture mode in \LaTeX{}, +whereas it's defined as ``\csx{hbox}\texttt{ to }\csx{hsize}'' in +\plaintex{}. (There's no equivalent for users of the \plaintex{} command in +\LaTeX{}: an equivalent appears as the internal command \csx{@@line}). + +Maths setting shows a case where the \LaTeX{} version \emph{is} +essentially equivalent to the \TeX{} primitive commands: the \LaTeX{} +\csx{(}\texttt{\ ...\ }\csx{)} does essentially no different to the +\TeX{} \texttt{\$\ ...\ \$} +(except for checking that you're not attempting to open a maths +environment when you're already in one, or vice versa). % ! line break +However, \csx{[}\texttt{\ ...\ }\csx{]} \emph{isn't} the same as +\texttt{\$\$\ ...\ \$\$}: the \TeX{} version, used +in \LaTeX{}, can miss the effect of the class option \pkgoption{fleqn}. + +Font handling is, of course, wildly different in \plaintex{} and +\LaTeX{}. \plaintex{}'s font loading command +(\csx{font}\csx{foo=}\meta{fontname}) and its \LaTeX{} equivalent +(\csx{newfont}) should be avoided wherever possible. They are only +safe in the most trivial contexts, and are potential sources of great +confusion in many circumstances. Further discussion of this issue +may be found in ``\Qref*{What's wrong with \csx{newfont}?}{Q-newfont*}''. +%% +%% Consider \csx{vskip} (or \plaintex{} users of it like \csx{medskip}) +%% \emph{vs}.\nothtml{\@} \csx{vspace} or \csx{vspace*}, but most +%% especially \csx{addvspace}. +%% \begin{ctanrefs} +%% \item[fntguide.pdf]\CTANref{fntguide.pdf} +%% \item[fntguide.tex]Distributed with \CTANref{latex} +%% \end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-atsigns]{\csx{@} and \texttt{@} in macro names} + +Macro names containing \texttt{@} are \emph{internal} to \LaTeX{}, and +without special treatment just don't work in ordinary use. A nice +example of the problems caused is discussed in % ! beware line break +\Qref*{\csx{@} in vertical mode}{Q-atvert}''. + +The problems users see are caused by copying bits of a class +(\extension{cls} file) or +package (\extension{sty} file) into a document, or by including a class or +package file into a \LaTeX{} document by some means other than +\csx{documentclass} or \csx{usepackage}. \LaTeX{} defines internal +commands whose names contain the character \texttt{@} to +avoid clashes between its internal names and names that we would +normally use in our documents. In order that these commands may work +at all, \csx{documentclass} and \csx{usepackage} play around with the +meaning of \texttt{@}. + +If you've included a file some other way (for example, using +\csx{input}), you can probably solve the problem by using the correct +command. + +If you're using a fragment of a package or class, you may well feel +confused: books such as the first edition of the % ! line break +\Qref*{The \LaTeX{} Companion}{Q-latex-books} +are full of fragments of packages as examples for you to employ. +The second edition of the \emph{Companion} makes clearer how you +should use these fragments, and in addition, the code of +all the examples is now available on \acro{CTAN}. +To see the technique in practice, look at the example below, from file +\File{2-2-7.ltx} in the \emph{Companion} examples directory: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection + {subsection}{2}{0mm}%name, level, indent + {-\baselineskip}% beforeskip + {0.5\baselineskip}% afterskip + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}% style +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(That example appears on page 29 of \emph{The \LaTeX{} Companion}, +second edition.) + +The alternative is to treat all these fragments as a package proper, +bundling them up into a \extension{sty} file and including them with +\csx{usepackage}; this way you hide your \LaTeX{} internal code somewhere +that \LaTeX{} internal code is expected, which often looks `tidier'. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Examples from the Companion]\CTANref{tlc2} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-protect]{What's the reason for `protection'?} + +Sometimes \LaTeX{} saves data it will reread later. These data are +often the argument of some command; they are the so-called moving +arguments. (`Moving' because data are moved around.) Candidates +are all arguments that may go into table of contents, list of figures, +\emph{etc}.; namely, data that are written to an auxiliary file and +read in later. Other places are those data that might appear in head- +or footlines. Section headings and figure captions are the most +prominent examples; there's a complete list in Lamport's book +(see \Qref[question]{\TeX{}-related books}{Q-latex-books}). + +What's going on really, behind the scenes? The commands in moving +arguments are normally expanded to their internal structure during the +process of saving. Sometimes this expansion results in invalid \TeX{} +code, which shows either during expansion or when the code is +processed again. Protecting a command, using +``\csx{protect}\csx{cmd}'' tells \LaTeX{} to save \csx{cmd} as +\csx{cmd}, without expanding it at all. + +So, what is a `fragile command'?~--- it's a command that expands into +illegal \TeX{} code during the save process. + +What is a `robust command'?~--- it's a command that expands into legal +\TeX{} code during the save process. + +Lamport's book says in its description of every LaTeX command whether +it is `robust' or `fragile'; it also says that every command with an +optional argument is fragile. The list isn't reliable, and neither +is the assertion about optional arguments; the statements may have +been true in early versions of \LaTeXe{} but are not any longer +necessarily so: +\begin{itemize} +\item Some fragile commands, such as \csx{cite}, have been made robust + in later revisions of \LaTeX{}. +\item Some commands, such as \csx{end} and \csx{nocite}, are fragile + even though they have no optional arguments. +\item The ``user's way'' of creating a command with an optional + argument (using \csx{newcommand} or \csx{newcommand*}) now always + creates a robust command (though macros without optional arguments + may still be fragile if they do things that are themselves fragile). +\item There is no reason that a package author should not also make + robust commands with optional arguments as part of the package. +\item Some robust commands are redefined by certain packages to be + fragile (the \csx{cite} command commonly suffers this treatment). +\end{itemize} +Further, simply ``hiding'' a fragile command in another command, has +no effect on fragility. So, if \csx{fred} is fragile, and you write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\jim}{\fred} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +then \csx{jim} is fragile too. There is, however, the +\csx{newcommand}-replacement \csx{DeclareRobustCommand}, which +\emph{always} creates a robust command (whether or not it has optional +arguments). The syntax of \csx{DeclareRobustCommand} is substantially +identical to that of \csx{newcommand}, and if you do the wrapping +trick above as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareRobustCommand{\jim}{\fred} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +then \csx{jim} is robust. + +Finally, we have the \Package{makerobust} package, which defines +\csx{MakeRobustCommand} to convert a command to be robust. With the +package, the ``wrapping'' above can simply be replaced by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\MakeRobustCommand\fred +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Whereafter, \csx{fred} is robust. Using the package may be reasonable +if you have lots of fragile commands that you need to use in moving +arguments. + +In short, the situation is confusing. No-one believes this is +satisfactory; the \LaTeX{} team have removed the need for +protection of some things, but the techniques available in +current \LaTeX{} mean that this is an expensive exercise. It remains +a long-term aim of the team to remove all need for \csx{protect}ion. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[makerobust.sty]Distributed as part of Heiko Oberdiek's bundle + \CTANref{oberdiek}[makerobust] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +\Question[Q-edef]{\csx{edef} does not work with \csx{protect}} + +Robust \LaTeX{} commands are either ``naturally robust''~--- meaning that +they never need \csx{protect}, or ``self-protected''~--- meaning that +they have \csx{protect} built in to their definition in some +way. Self-protected commands, and fragile commands with +\csx{protect}ion are only robust in a context where the \csx{protect} +mechanism is properly handled. The body of an \csx{edef} definition +doesn't handle \csx{protect} properly, since \csx{edef} is a \TeX{} +primitive rather than a \LaTeX{} command. + +This problem is resolved by a \LaTeX{} internal command +\csx{protected@edef}, which does the job of \csx{edef} while keeping the +\csx{protect} mechanism working. There's a corresponding +\csx{protected@xdef} which does the job of \csx{xdef}. + +Of course, these commands need to be tended carefully, since they're +% beware line break on next line +internal: see \Qref[question]{'@' in control sequence names}{Q-atsigns}. + +\Question[Q-ltxcmds]{The definitions of \LaTeX{} commands} + +There are several reasons to want to know the definitions of \LaTeX{} +commands: from the simplest ``idle curiosity'', to the pressing need +to patch something to make it ``work the way you want it''. None of +these are \emph{pure} motives, but knowledge and expertise seldom +arrive through the purest of motives. + +Using a \tex{} executable of some sort, the simple answer is to try +\csx{show}, in a run that is taking commands from the terminal: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +*\makeatletter +*\show\protected@edef +> \protected@edef=macro: +->\let \@@protect \protect + \let \protect \@unexpandable@protect + \afterassignment \restore@protect \edef . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(I've rearranged the output there, from the rather confused version +\TeX{} itself produces.) + +So, what about \csx{@unexpandable@protect}?: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +*\show\@unexpandable@protect +> \@unexpandable@protect=macro: +->\noexpand \protect \noexpand . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and we're starting to see how one part of the \csx{protect}ion +mechanism works (one can probably fairly safely guess what +\csx{restore@protect} does). + +Many kernel commands are declared robust: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +*\show\texttt +> \texttt=macro: +->\protect \texttt . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +so that \csx{show} isn't much help. Define a command \csx{pshow} as +shown below, and simply execute the command to find its definition: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +*\def\pshow#1{{\let\protect\show #1}} +*\pshow\texttt +> \texttt =\long macro: +#1->\ifmmode \nfss@text {\ttfamily #1}% + \else \hmode@bgroup \text@command {#1}% + \ttfamily \check@icl #1\check@icr + \expandafter \egroup \fi . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that the command name that is protected is the `base' command, +with a space appended. This is cryptically visible, in a couple of +places above. (Again, the output has been sanitised.) +% Similar provisions are made in the package \Package{show2e} but i +% don't understand them yet... + +The command \ProgName{texdef} (or \ProgName{latexdef}~--- the same +command with a different name) will do all that for you and return the +results slightly more tidily than \latex{} itself manages. For +example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef texttt +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +gives: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +macro:->\protect \texttt + +\texttt : +#1->\ifmmode \nfss@text {\ttfamily #1}% + \else \hmode@bgroup \text@command {#1}% + \ttfamily \check@icl #1\check@icr + \expandafter \egroup \fi . +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(again, the output has been sanitised~--- but we see that +\ProgName{latexdef} has useful `intelligence' in it, as it has spotted +and dealt with the \csx{protect}.) + +With the \texttt{-s} switch, \ProgName{latexdef} will give you a +source location: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef -s texttt +% latex.ltx, line 3736: +\DeclareTextFontCommand{\texttt}{\ttfamily} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +though one should note that it doesn't give you the detail of the +actual coding, merely the definition's location. + +Environments also surrender their details to \ProgName{latexdef}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef -E itemize + +\itemize: +macro:->\ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@ \@toodeep + \else \advance \@itemdepth \@ne + \edef \@itemitem {labelitem\romannumeral \the \@itemdepth}% + \expandafter \list \csname \@itemitem \endcsname + {\def \makelabel ##1{\hss \llap {##1}}}% + \fi + +\enditemize: +macro:->\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne \endtrivlist +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef -E itemize + +\itemize: +macro:->\ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@ \@toodeep + \else \advance \@itemdepth \@ne + \edef \@itemitem {labelitem\romannumeral + \the \@itemdepth}% + \expandafter \list + \csname \@itemitem \endcsname + {\def \makelabel ##1{\hss \llap {##1}}}% + \fi + +\enditemize: +macro:->\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne + \endtrivlist +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +(Yet again, this is a sanitised version of the macro definition +output, which appears as a single very wide line for each definition.) + +If one has a malleable text editor, the same investigation may be +conducted by examining the file \File{latex.ltx} (which is usually to +be found, in a \acro{TDS} system, in directory \path{tex/latex/base}). + +In fact, \File{latex.ltx} is the product of a \ProgName{docstrip} +process on a large number of \Qref*{\extension{dtx} files}{Q-dtx}, and +you can refer to those instead. The \LaTeX{} distribution includes a file +\File{source2e.tex}, and most systems retain it, again in +\path{tex/latex/base}. \File{Source2e.tex} may be processed to +provide a complete source listing of the \LaTeX{} kernel (in fact the +process isn't entirely straightforward, but the file produces messages +advising you what to do). The result is a huge document, with a +line-number index of control sequences the entire kernel and a +separate index of changes recorded in each of the files since the +\LaTeX{} team took over. + +The printed kernel is a nice thing to have, but it's unwieldy and sits +on my shelves, seldom used. One problem is that the comments are +patchy: the different modules range from well and lucidly documented, +through modules documented only through an automatic process that +converted the documentation of the source of \LaTeXo{}, to modules +that hardly had any useful documentation even in the \LaTeXo{} original. + +In fact, each kernel module \extension{dtx} file will process separately +through \LaTeX{}, so you don't have to work with the whole of +\File{source2e}. You can easily determine which module defines the +macro you're interested in: use your ``malleable text editor'' to find +the definition in \File{latex.ltx}; then search backwards from that +point for a line that starts % ! line break +\texttt{\textpercent\textpercent\textpercent\ From File:}~--- that line +tells you which \extension{dtx} file contains the definition you are interested +in. Doing this for \csx{protected@edef}, we find: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +%%% From File: ltdefns.dtx +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +When we come to look at it, \File{ltdefns.dtx} proves to contain +quite a dissertation on the methods of handling \csx{protect}ion; it +also contains some automatically-converted \LaTeXo{} documentation. + +And of course, the kernel isn't all of \LaTeX{}: your command may be +defined in one of \LaTeX{}'s class or package files. For example, we +find a definition of \csx{thebibliography} in \Class{article}, but +there's no \File{article.dtx}. Some such files are generated from +parts of the kernel, some from other files in the distribution. You +find which by looking at the start of the file: in \File{article.cls}, +we find: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +%% This is file `article.cls', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% classes.dtx (with options: `article') +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +so we need to format \File{classes.dtx} to see the definition in +context. + +All these .dtx files are on \acro{CTAN} as part of the main \LaTeX{} +distribution. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeX{} distribution]\CTANref{latex} +\item[texdef, \nothtml{{\rmfamily aka }}latexdef]\CTANref{texdef} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-09} + +\Question[Q-oarglikesect]{Optional arguments like \csx{section}} + +Optional arguments, in macros defined using \csx{newcommand}, don't +quite work like the optional argument to \csx{section}. The default +value of \csx{section}'s optional argument is the value of the +mandatory argument, but \csx{newcommand} requires that you `know' the +value of the default beforehand. + +The requisite trick is to use a macro in the optional argument: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{article} +\newcommand\thing[2][\DefaultOpt]{% + \def\DefaultOpt{#2}% + optional arg: #1, mandatory arg: #2% +} +\begin{document} +\thing{manda}% #1=#2 + +\thing[opti]{manda}% #1="opti" +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\LaTeX{} itself has a trickier (but less readily understandable) +method, using a macro \csx{@dblarg}; inside \LaTeX{}, the example +above would have been programmed: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\thing{\@dblarg\@thing} +\newcommand\@thing[2][\@error]{% + optional arg: #1, mandatory arg: #2% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In that code, \csx{@thing} is only ever called with an optional and a +mandatory argument; if the default from the \csx{newcommand} is +invoked, a bug in user code has bitten\dots{} + +\Question[Q-twooptarg]{More than one optional argument} + +If you've already read % ! line break +``\Qref*[question]{breaking the 9-argument limit}{Q-moren9}''. +you can probably guess the ``simple'' solution to this problem: +command relaying. + +\LaTeX{} allows commands with a single optional argument thus: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} + \newcommand{\blah}[1][Default]{...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +You may legally call such a command either with its optional argument +present, as +\cmdinvoke{blah}[nonDefault] or without, as \csx{blah}; in the latter +case, the code of \csx{blah} will have an argument of |Default|. + +To define a command with two optional arguments, we use the relaying +technique, as follows: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\blah}[1][Default1]{% + \def\ArgI{{#1}}% + \BlahRelay +} +\newcommand\BlahRelay[1][Default2]{% + % the first optional argument is now in + % \ArgI + % the second is in #1 + ...% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Of course, \csx{BlahRelay} may have as many mandatory arguments as are +allowed, after allowance for the one taken up with its own +optional argument~--- that is, 8. + +Variants of \csx{newcommand} (and friends), with names like +\csx{newcommandtwoopt}, are available in the \Package{twoopt} package. +However, if you can, it's probably better to learn to write the commands +yourself, just to see why they're not even a good idea from the +programming point of view. + +A command with two optional arguments strains the limit of what's +sensible: obviously you can extend the technique to provide as many +optional arguments as your fevered imagination can summon. However, +see the comments on the use of the \Package{keyval} package, in +``\Qref*[question]{breaking the 9-argument limit}{Q-moren9}'', +which offers an alternative way forward. + +If you must, however, consider the \Package{optparams} or +\Package{xargs} packages. \Package{Optparams} +provides a \csx{optparams} command that you use as an intermediate in +defining commands with up to nine optional arguments. The +documentation shows examples of commands with four optional arguments +(and this from an author who has his own key-value package!). + +The \Package{xargs} package uses a key-value package +(\Package{xkeyval}) to \emph{define} the layout of the optional +arguments. Thus +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xargs} +... +\newcommandx{\foo}[3][1=1, 3=n]{...} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +defines a command \csx{foo} that has an optional first argument +(default 1), a mandatory second argument, and an optional third +argument (default n). + +An alternative approach is offered by Scott Pakin's +\ProgName{newcommand} program, which takes a command name and a +definition of a set of command arguments (in a fairly +readily-understood language), and emits \AllTeX{} macros which enable +the command to be defined. The command requires that a +\ProgName{Python} interpreter (etc.\@) be installed on your computer. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[newcommand.py]\CTANref{newcommand} +\item[optparams.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{sauerj}[optparams] +\item[twoopt.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[twoopt] +\item[xargs.sty]\CTANref{xargs} +\item[xkeyval.sty]\CTANref{xkeyval} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-cmdstar]{Commands defined with * options} + +\LaTeX{} commands commonly have ``versions'' defined with an asterisk +tagged onto their name: for example \csx{newcommand} and +\csx{newcommand*} (the former defines a \csx{long} version of the +command). + +The simple-minded way for a user to write such a command involves use +of the \Package{ifthen} package: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\mycommand}[1]{\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{*}}% + {\mycommandStar}% + {\mycommandNoStar{#1}}% +} +\newcommand{\mycommandStar}{starred version} +\newcommand{\mycommandNoStar}[1]{normal version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\mycommand}[1]{% + \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{*}}% + {\mycommandStar}% + {\mycommandNoStar{#1}}% +} +\newcommand{\mycommandStar}% + {starred version} +\newcommand{\mycommandNoStar}[1]% + {normal version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +This does the trick, for sufficiently simple commands, but it has +various tiresome failure modes, and it requires \csx{mycommandnostar} +to take an argument. + +Of course, the \LaTeX{} kernel has something slicker than this: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\mycommand}{\@ifstar + \mycommandStar% + \mycommandNoStar% +} +\newcommand{\mycommandStar}[2]{starred version} +\newcommand{\mycommandNoStar}[1]{normal version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\mycommand}{\@ifstar + \mycommandStar% + \mycommandNoStar% +} +\newcommand{\mycommandStar}[2]{starred version} +\newcommand{\mycommandNoStar}[1]{normal version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +(Note that arguments to \csx{mycommandStar} and \csx{mycommandNoStar} +are independent~--- either can have their own arguments, unconstrained +by the technique we're using, unlike the trick described above.) +The \csx{@ifstar} trick is all very well, is fast and efficient, but +it requires the definition to be % ! line break +\Qref*{\csx{makeatletter} protected}{Q-atsigns}. + +A pleasing alternative is the \Package{suffix} package. This elegant +piece of code allows you to define variants of your commands: +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\mycommand{normal version} +\WithSuffix\newcommand\mycommand*% + {starred version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand\mycommand{normal version} +\WithSuffix\newcommand\mycommand*{starred version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +The package needs \Qref*{\elatex{}}{Q-etex}, but any new enough +distribution defines \LaTeX{} as \elatex{} by default. Command +arguments may be specified in the normal way, in both command +definitions (after the ``\texttt{*}'' in the \csx{WithSuffix} +version). You can also use the \TeX{} primitive commands, creating a +definition like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\WithSuffix\gdef\mycommand*{starred version} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +For those of an adventurous disposition, a further option is to use +the \Package{xparse} package from the \Package{l3packages} +distribution. The package defines a bunch of commands (such as +\csx{NewDocumentCommand}) which are somewhat analagous to +\csx{newcommand} and the like, in \latexe{}. The big difference is +the specification of command arguments; for each argument, you have a +set of choices in the command specification. So, to create a +*-command (in \latexe{} style), one might write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\NewDocumentCommand \foo { s m } {% + % #1 is the star indicator + % #2 is a mandatory argument + ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The ``star indicator'' (\texttt{s}) argument appears as \texttt{\#1} +and will take values \csx{BooleanTrue} (if there was a star) or +\csx{BooleanFalse} (otherwise); the other (\texttt{m}) argument is a +normal \tex{}-style mandatory argument, and appears as \texttt{\#2}. + +While \Package{xparse} provides pleasing command argument +specifications, it \emph{is} part of the % ! line break +\Qref*{\latex{}~3 experimental harness}{Q-LaTeX3}. +Simply loading the package to provide \csx{DeclareDocumentCommand} +``pulls in'' all of the \latex{}3 kernel (a large bunch of packages) +via the \Package{expl3} package. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ifthen.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution +\item[suffix.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{bigfoot}[suffix] +\item[xparse.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3packages}[xparse] +\item[expl3.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3kernel}[expl3] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-01} + +\nothtml{\hrule height 0pt \nobreak\vskip0pt plus2.5in\vskip 0pt\relax} +\Question[Q-ltxabbrv]{\LaTeX{} internal ``abbreviations'', etc.} + +In the deeps of time, when \TeX{} first happened, computers had +extremely limited memory, and were (by today's standards) painfully +slow. When \LaTeX{} came along, things weren't much better, and even +when \LaTeXe{} appeared, there was a strong imperative to save memory +space (and to a lesser extent) \acro{CPU} time. + +From the very earliest days, Knuth used shortcut macros to speed +things up. \LaTeX{}, over the years, has extended Knuth's list by a +substantial amount. An interesting feature of the ``abbreviations'' is +that on paper, they may look longer than the thing they stand for; +however, to \AllTeX{} they \emph{feel} smaller\dots{} + +The table at the end of this answer lists the commonest of these +``abbreviations''. It is not complete; as always, if the table +doesn't help, try the \LaTeX{} source. The table lists each +abbreviation's \emph{name} and its \emph{value}, which provide most of +what a user needs to know. The table also lists the abbreviation's +\emph{type}, which is a trickier concept: if you need to know, the +only real confusion is that the abbreviations labelled `defn' are +defined using an \csx{\emph{xxxx}def} command. + +\begin{tabular}{lll} +Name \tbamp Type \tbamp Value \tbeol +\tbhline +\csx{m@ne} \tbamp count \tbamp \ensuremath{-1} \tbeol +\csx{p@} \tbamp dimen \tbamp 1pt \tbeol +\csx{z@} \tbamp dimen \tbamp 0pt \tbeol +\csx{z@skip} \tbamp skip \tbamp 0pt plus 0pt minus 0pt \tbeol +\tbhline +\csx{@ne} \tbamp defn \tbamp 1 \tbeol +\csx{tw@} \tbamp defn \tbamp 2\tbeol +\csx{thr@@} \tbamp defn \tbamp 3 \tbeol +\csx{sixt@@n} \tbamp defn \tbamp 16 \tbeol +\csx{@cclv} \tbamp defn \tbamp 255 \tbeol +\csx{@cclvi} \tbamp defn \tbamp 256 \tbeol +\csx{@m} \tbamp defn \tbamp 1000 \tbeol +\csx{@M} \tbamp defn \tbamp 10000 \tbeol +\csx{@MM} \tbamp defn \tbamp 20000 \tbeol +\tbhline +\csx{@vpt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 5 \tbeol +\csx{@vipt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 6 \tbeol +\csx{@viipt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 7 \tbeol +\csx{@viiipt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 8 \tbeol +\csx{@ixpt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 9 \tbeol +\csx{@xpt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 10 \tbeol +\csx{@xipt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 10.95 \tbeol +\csx{@xiipt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 12 \tbeol +\csx{@xivpt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 14.4 \tbeol +\csx{@xviipt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 17.28 \tbeol +\csx{@xxpt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 20.74 \tbeol +\csx{@xxvpt} \tbamp macro \tbamp 24.88 \tbeol +\tbhline +\csx{@plus} \tbamp macro \tbamp ``\texttt{plus}'' \tbeol +\csx{@minus} \tbamp macro \tbamp ``\texttt{minus}'' \tbeol +%\csx{hb@xt@} \tbamp macro \tbamp ``\csx{hbox} \texttt{to}'' +\end{tabular} + +\Question[Q-ltxhash]{Defining \LaTeX{} commands within other commands} + +\LaTeX{} command definition is significantly different from the \TeX{} +primitive form discussed in an % ! line break +\Qref*[\htmlonly]{earlier question}{Q-hash} about definitions within +macros. + +In most ways, the \LaTeX{} situation is simpler (at least in part +because it imposes more restrictions on the user); however, defining a +command within a command still requires some care. + +The earlier question said you have to double the |#| signs in command +definitions: in fact, the same rule holds, except that \LaTeX{} +already takes care of some of the issues, by generating argument lists +for you. + +The basic problem is that: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\abc}[1]{joy, oh #1!% + \newcommand{\ghi}[1]{gloom, oh #1!}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +followed by a call: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cmdinvoke{abc}{joy} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +typesets ``joy, oh joy!'', but defines a command \csx{ghi} that takes +one parameter, which it ignores; \cmdinvoke{ghi}{gloom} will expand to +``gloom, oh joy!'', which is presumably not what was expected. + +And (as you will probably guess, if you've read the earlier question) +the definition: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\abc}[1]{joy, oh #1!% + \newcommand{\ghi}[1]{gloom, oh ##1!}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +does what is required, and \cmdinvoke{ghi}{gloom} will expand to +``gloom, oh gloom!'', whatever the argument to \csx{abc}. + +The doubling is needed whether or not the enclosing command has an +argument, so: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\abc}{joy, oh joy!% + \newcommand{\ghi}[1]{gloom, oh ##1!}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +is needed to produce a replica of the \csx{ghi} we defined earlier. + +\Question[Q-printvar]{How to print contents of variables?} +\keywords{typeout, print variables, showthe} + +It is often useful to print out the values of variables in the log +file or on the terminal. Three possible ways to print out the +contents of \csx{textheight} variable are: +\begin{enumerate} +\item \csx{showthe}\csx{textheight} +\item \cmdinvoke{message}{The text height is \csx{the}\csx{textheight}} +\item \cmdinvoke{typeout}{The text height is \csx{the}\csx{textheight}} +\end{enumerate} +These techniques use the \TeX{} primitives \csx{the} (which provides +the value of a variable), \csx{showthe} (print a variable to the +terminal and the log, on a line of its own), and \csx{message}, which +interpolates something into the log. The command \csx{typeout} is +\LaTeX{}'s general message output mechanism. + +In each case, the variable's value is printed as a number of points. + +To typeset the value of \csx{textheight}, just +\csx{the}\csx{textheight} is enough, but a more flexible alternative is +to use the \Package{printlen} package. \Package{Printlen} allows you +to choose the units in which you print a variable; this is useful, +given that the most ordinary people don't think in points +(particularly Knuth's points, of which there are 72.27 to the inch). + +So, using \Package{printlen}, we could say: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newlength{\foo} +\setlength{\foo}{12pt} +\verb|\foo| is \printlength{\foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and get: +\begin{quote} +\csx{foo} is 12pt +\end{quote} +while, if we say: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newlength{\foo} +\setlength{\foo}{12pt} +\uselengthunit{mm} +\verb|foo| is \printlength{\foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +we get: +\begin{quote} +\csx{foo} is 4.21747mm +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[printlen.sty]\CTANref{printlen} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-16} + +\Question[Q-labelcount]{Using labels as counter values} + +Labels are tempting sources of `numbers'~--- their most common use, +after all, is simply to typeset a number. However, their seeming +simplicity is deceptive; the packages \Package{babel} and +\Package{hyperref}, at least, fiddle with the definition of +\csx{ref} and \csx{pageref} in ways that make +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setcounter{foo}{\ref{bar}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(etc.\@) not work; thus the technique may not be relied upon. + +The solution is to use the \Package{refcount} package (incidentally, +by the author of \Package{hyperref}). The package provides four +commands, all similar to: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{refcount} +... +\label{bar} +... +\setcounterref{foo}{bar} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the other three are \csx{addtocounterref}, \csx{setcounterpageref} +and \csx{addtocounterpageref}). + +The package also provides a command +\cmdinvoke*{getrefnumber}{label-name} that may be used where a +`number' value is needed. For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... \footnote{foo bar ...\label{foofoot}} +... +\footnotemark[\getrefnumber{foofoot}] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which gives you a second footnote mark reference the the footnote. +(There is also a command \csx{getpagerefnumber}, of course). + +The commands could be used by one determined not to use +\Package{changepage} to determine whether % ! line break +\Qref*{the current page is odd}{Q-oddpage}, but it's probably no more +trouble to use the fully-developed tool in this case. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[refount.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2011-09-08} + +\subsection{\LaTeX{} macro programming} + +\Question[Q-fixnam]{How to change \LaTeX{}'s ``fixed names''} + +\LaTeX{} document classes define several typographic operations that +need `canned text' (text not supplied by the user). In the earliest +days of \LaTeXo{} these bits of text were built in to the body of +\LaTeX{}'s macros and were rather difficult to change, but ``fixed +name'' macros were introduced for the benefit of those wishing to use +\LaTeX{} in languages other than English. +For example, the special section produced by the \csx{tableofcontents} +command is always called \csx{contentsname} (or rather, what +\csx{contentsname} is defined to mean). +Changing the canned text is now one of the easiest customisations a +user can do to \LaTeX{}. + +The canned text macros are all of the form +\csx{\meta{thing}name}, and changing them is simplicity +itself. Put: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{renewcommand}{\csx{\meta{thing}name}}{Res minor} +\end{quote} +in the preamble of your document, and the job is done. +(However, beware of the \Package{babel} package, which requires you to +use a different mechanism: be sure to check +% beware line wrap +\Qref[question]{changing \Package{babel} names}{Q-latexwords} if +you're using it.) + +The names that are defined in the standard \LaTeX{} classes (and the +\Package{makeidx} package) are listed +below. Some of the names are only defined in a subset of the classes +(and the \Class{letter} class has a set of names all of its own); +the list shows the specialisation of each name, where appropriate. + +\nothtml{\noindent}\begin{tabular}{@{}ll} +\csx{abstractname} \tbamp Abstract\tbeol +\csx{alsoname} \tbamp see also (\Package{makeidx} package)\tbeol +\csx{appendixname} \tbamp Appendix\tbeol +\csx{bibname} \tbamp Bibliography (\Class{report},\Class{book})\tbeol +\csx{ccname} \tbamp cc (\Class{letter})\tbeol +\csx{chaptername} \tbamp Chapter (\Class{report},\Class{book})\tbeol +\csx{contentsname} \tbamp Contents\tbeol +\csx{enclname} \tbamp encl (\Class{letter})\tbeol +\csx{figurename} \tbamp Figure (for captions)\tbeol +\csx{headtoname} \tbamp To (\Class{letter})\tbeol +\csx{indexname} \tbamp Index\tbeol +\csx{listfigurename} \tbamp List of Figures\tbeol +\csx{listtablename} \tbamp List of Tables\tbeol +\csx{pagename} \tbamp Page (\Class{letter})\tbeol +\csx{partname} \tbamp Part\tbeol +\csx{refname} \tbamp References (\Class{article})\tbeol +\csx{seename} \tbamp see (\Package{makeidx} package)\tbeol +\csx{tablename} \tbamp Table (for caption) +\end{tabular} + +\Question[Q-latexwords]{Changing the words \Package{babel} uses} + +\LaTeX{} uses symbolic names for many of the automatically-generated +text it produces (special-purpose section headings, captions, etc.). +As noted in \Qref[question]{``\LaTeX{} fixed names''}{Q-fixnam} (which +includes a list of the names themselves), +this enables the user to change the +names used by the standard classes, which is particularly useful if +the document is being prepared in some language other than \LaTeX{}'s +default English. So, for example, a Danish author may wish that her +table of contents was called ``Indholdsfortegnelse'', and so +would expect to place a command +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\contentsname}% + {Indholdsfortegnelse} +\end{verbatim} +in the preamble of her document. + +However, it's natural for a user of a non-English language to use +\Package{babel}, because it offers many conveniences and typesetting +niceties for those preparing documents in those languages. In +particular, when \Package{babel} is selecting a new language, it +ensures that \LaTeX{}'s symbolic names are translated appropriately +for the language in question. Unfortunately, \Package{babel}'s choice +of names isn't always to everyone's choice, and there is still a need +for a mechanism to replace the `standard' names. + +Whenever a new language is selected, \Package{babel} resets all the +names to the settings for that language. In particular, +\Package{babel} selects the document's main language when +\cmdinvoke{begin}{document} is executed, which immediately destroys +any changes to these symbolic names made in the prologue of a document +that uses \Package{babel}. + +Therefore, babel defines a command to enable users to change the +definitions of the symbolic names, on a per-language basis: +\csx{addto}\csx{captions}\texttt{\meta{language}} is the thing +(\texttt{\meta{language}} being the language option you gave to +\Package{babel} in the first place). For example: +\begin{verbatim} +\addto\captionsdanish{% + \renewcommand{\contentsname}% + {Indholdsfortegnelse}% +} +\end{verbatim} + +\Question[Q-running-nos]{Running equation, figure and table numbering} + +Many \LaTeX{} classes (including the standard \Class{book} class) +number things per chapter; so figures in chapter 1 are numbered 1.1, +1.2, and so on. Sometimes this is not appropriate for the user's +needs. + +Short of rewriting the whole class, one may use the \Package{chngcntr} +package, which provides commands \csx{counterwithin} (which +establishes this nested numbering relationship) and +\csx{counterwithout} (which undoes it). + +So if you have figures numbered by chapter as 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, \dots{}, +the command +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\counterwithout{figure}{chapter} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will convert them to figures 1, 2, 3, \dots{}. (Note that the command +has also removed the chapter number from the counter's definition.) + +More elaborate use could change things numbered per section to things +numbered per chapter: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\counterwithout{equation}{section} +\counterwithin{equation}{chapter} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(assuming there was a class that did such a thing in the first place...) + +The \Package{chngcntr} approach doesn't involve much programming, and +the enthusiastic \LaTeX{} programmer might choose to try the technique +that we had to use before the advent of \Package{chngcntr}. Each of +the packages \Package{removefr} and \Package{remreset} defines a +\csx{@removefromreset} command, and having included the package one +writes something like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\@removefromreset{figure}{chapter} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and the automatic renumbering stops. You may then need to redefine the +way in which the figure number (in this case) is printed: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\@arabic\c@figure} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(remember to do the whole job, for every counter you want to +manipulate, within \csx{makeatletter} \dots{}\@ \csx{makeatother}). + +This technique, too, may be used to change where in a multilevel +structure a counter is reset. Suppose your class numbers figures as +\meta{chapter}.\meta{section}.\meta{figure}, and you want figures +numbered per chapter, try: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\@removefromreset{figure}{section} +\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter} +\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\@removefromreset{figure}{section} +\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter} +\renewcommand{\thefigure}% + {\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +(the command \csx{@addtoreset} is a part of \LaTeX{} itself). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[chngcntr.sty]\CTANref{chngcntr} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[removefr.tex]\CTANref{removefr} (note, this is constructed as a + ``fragment'' for use within other packages: load by + \cmdinvoke{input}{removefr}) +\item[remreset.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{carlisle}[remreset] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-labelctr]{Making labels from a counter} + +Suppose we have a \LaTeX{} counter, which we've defined with +\cmdinvoke{newcounter}{foo}. We can increment the value of the counter +by \cmdinvoke{addtocounter}{foo}{1}, but that's pretty clunky for an +operation that happens so often \dots{}~so there's a command +\cmdinvoke{stepcounter}{foo} that does this special case of +increasing-by-one. + +There's an internal \LaTeX{} variable, the ``current label'', that +remembers the last `labellable' thing that \LaTeX{} has processed. +You could (if you were to insist) set that value by the relevant +\TeX{} command (having taken the necessary precautions to ensure that +the internal command worked)~--- but it's not necessary. If, instead +of either of the stepping methods above, you say +\cmdinvoke{refstepcounter}{foo}, the internal variable is set to the +new value, and (until something else comes along), \csx{label} will +refer to the counter. + +\Question[Q-oddpage]{Finding if you're on an odd or an even page} + +\Qref[Question]{Another question}{Q-marginparside} discusses the issue +of getting \csx{marginpar} commands to put their output in the correct +margin of two-sided documents. This is an example of the general +problem of knowing where a particular bit of text lies: the output +routine is asynchronous, and \AllTeX{} will usually process quite a +bit of the ``next'' page before deciding to output any page. As a +result, the |page| counter (known internally in \LaTeX{} as +\csx{c@page}) is normally only reliable when you're actually \emph{in} +the output routine. + +The solution is to use some version of the \csx{label} mechanism to +determine which side of the page you're on; the value of the page +counter that appears in a \csx{pageref} command has been inserted in +the course of the output routine, and is therefore safe. + +However, \csx{pageref} itself isn't reliable: one might hope that +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{foo}}}{odd}{even} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +would do the necessary, but both the \Package{babel} and +\Package{hyperref} packages have been known to interfere with the +output of \csx{pageref}; be careful! + +The \Package{changepage} package needs to provide this functionality +for its own use, and therefore provides a command \csx{checkoddpage}; +this sets a private-use `label', and the page reference part of that +label is then examined (in a \Package{hyperref}-safe way) to set a +conditional \csx{ifoddpage} true if the command was issued on an odd +page. (The \Class{memoir} class has the same command.) \latex{} +users who are unfamiliar with \tex{}'s \csx{if...} commands may use +the \Package{ifthen} package: +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{ifthen,changepage} +... +\checkoddpage +\ifthenelse{\boolean{oddpage}}{<odd page stuff>}{<even page stuff>} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{ifthen,changepage} +... +\checkoddpage +\ifthenelse{\boolean{oddpage}}% + {<odd page stuff>}% + {<even page stuff>} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{narrowversion} + +Of course, the `label' contributes to \LaTeX{}'s ``Rerun to get +cross-references right'' error messages\dots{} + +The Koma-Script classes have an \environment{addmargin*} environment +that also provides the sorts of facilities that the \Package{changepage} +offers. Koma-Script's supporting command: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke{ifthispageodd}{<true>}{<false>} +\end{quote} +executes different things depending on the page number. + +The package \Package{ifoddpage} is designed to provide the same +facility; crucially, it can behave ``sensibly'' even if you are +typesetting for one-side printing only; like the \Package{changepage} +it uses a `check' command \csx{checkoddpage}. The conditional `side' +flags are set using (Plain) \TeX{} conditionals; they are defined +locally, so that you can minimise their use of \tex{} workspace~--- +see the package documentation for the somewhat tricky sequence +involved. In addition the package provides a command +\csx{ifoddpageoroneside}, which is true on odd pages of a two-side +document, or on all pages of a one-side document. Usage is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\checkoddpage +\ifoddpage + odd-side text +\else + even-side text +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The author's recommended usage (trickily) includes the whole operation +in a box; this has the advantage that your test will always work, but +the usual disadvantage that boxes may not split. In common uses, the +whole work will be done inside a box (as, for example, in the case of +a float), so the elaborate work proposed by the author is not +necessary. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[changepage.sty]\CTANref{changepage} +\item[ifoddpage.sty]\CTANref{ifoddpage} +\item[ifthen.sty]Part of the \latex{} distribution: \CTANref{latex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-labelformat]{How to change the format of labels} + +By default, when a label is created, it takes on the appearance of the +counter labelled, so the label appears as +\csx{the}\texttt{\meta{counter}}~--- what would be used if you +asked to typeset the counter in your text. This isn't always what you +need: for example, if you have nested enumerated lists with the outer +numbered and the inner labelled with letters, one might expect to want +to refer to items in the inner list as ``2(c)''. (Remember, you can +\nothtml{change the structure of list items~--- }% +\Qref{change the structure of list items}{Q-enumerate}.) +The change is of course +possible by explicit labelling of the parent and using that label to +construct the typeset result~--- something like +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\ref{parent-item}(\ref{child-item}) +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which would be both tedious and error-prone. What's more, it would be +undesirable, since you would be constructing a visual representation +which is inflexible (you couldn't change all the references to elements +of a list at one fell swoop). + +\LaTeX{} in fact has a label-formatting command built into every label +definition; by default it's null, but it's available for the user to +program. For any label \meta{counter} there's a \LaTeX{} internal +command \csx{p@}\meta{\texttt{counter}}; for example, a label definition +on an inner list item is supposedly done using the command +\cmdinvoke{p@enumii}{\csx{theenumii}}. Unfortunately, the internal +workings of this aren't quite right, and you need to patch the +\csx{refstepcounter} command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*\refstepcounter[1]{% + \stepcounter{#1}% + \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% + \csname p@#1\expandafter\endcsname + \csname the#1\endcsname + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*\refstepcounter[1]{\stepcounter{#1}% + \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% + \csname p@#1\expandafter\endcsname + \csname the#1\endcsname + }% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +With the patch in place you can now, for example, change the labels on +all inner lists by adding the following code in your preamble: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\makeatletter +\renewcommand{\p@enumii}[1]{\theenumi(#1)} +\makeatother +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This would make the labels for second-level enumerated lists appear as +``1(a)'' (and so on). The analogous change works for any counter that +gets used in a \csx{label} command. + +In fact, the \Package{fncylab} package does all the above (including +the patch to \LaTeX{} itself). With the package, the code above is +(actually quite efficiently) rendered by the command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\labelformat{enumii}{\theenumi(#1)} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In fact, the above example, which we can do in several different ways, +has been rendered obsolete by the appearance of the \Package{enumitem} +package, which is discussed in the answer about % ! line break +\Qref*{decorating enumeration lists}{Q-enumerate}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[enumitem.sty]\CTANref{enumitem} +\item[fncylab.sty]\CTANref{fncylab} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-seccntfmt]{Adjusting the presentation of section numbers} + +The general issues of adjusting the appearance of section headings are +pretty complex, and are covered in % beware line breaks (2 lines) +\latexhtml{question}{the question on} +\Qref[\htmlonly]{the style of section headings}{Q-secthead}. + +However, people regularly want merely to change the way the section +number appears in the heading, and some such people don't mind writing +out a few macros. This answer is for \emph{them}. + +The section number is typeset using the +\begin{dviversion} + \LaTeX{} internal +\end{dviversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref{\LaTeX{} internal}{Q-atsigns} +\end{hyperversion} +\csx{@seccntformat} command, which is given the ``name'' (section, +subsection, \dots{}) of the heading, as argument. Ordinarily, +\csx{@seccntformat} +merely outputs the section number, and then a \csx{quad} of space: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*{\@seccntformat}[1]{% + \csname the#1\endcsname\quad +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Suppose you want to put a stop after every section (subsection, +subsubsection, \dots{}) number, a trivial change may be implemented by +simple modification of the command: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*{\@seccntformat}[1]{% + \csname the#1\endcsname.\quad +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +However, many people want to modify section numbers, but not +subsection numbers, or any of the others. To do this, one must make +\csx{@seccntformat} switch according to its argument. The following +technique for doing the job is slightly wasteful, but is efficient +enough for a relatively rare operation: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand*{\@seccntformat}[1]{% + \csname the#1\endcsname + \csname adddot@#1\endcsname\quad +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which uses a second-level command to provide the dot, if it has been +defined; otherwise it merely appends \csx{relax} (which does nothing +in this context). The definition of the second-level command (the +version for the \texttt{section}, here) specifies what to put after a +section number, but it could be used to put anything after it: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand*{\adddot@section}{.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that all the command definitions above are dealing in +\Qref*{\LaTeX{} internal commands}{Q-atsigns}, so the above +code should be in a package file, for preference. + +The \Class{Koma-script} classes have different commands for specifying +changes to section number presentation: \csx{partformat}, +\csx{chapterformat} and \csx{othersectionlevelsformat}, but otherwise +their facilities are similar to those of ``raw'' \LaTeX{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-spaftend]{There's a space added after my environment} + +You've written your own environment \environment{env}, and it works +except that a space appears at the start of the first line of typeset +text after \cmdinvoke{end}{env}. This doesn't happen with similar +\LaTeX{}-supplied environments. + +You could impose the restriction that your users always put a +``\texttt{\textpercent}'' sign after the environment~\dots{}\nothtml{\@} but +\LaTeX{} environments don't require that, either. + +The \LaTeX{} environments' ``secret'' is an internal flag which causes +the unwanted spaces to be ignored. Fortunately, you don't have to use +the internal form: since 1996, \LaTeX{} has had a user command +\csx{ignorespacesafterend}, which sets the internal flag. + +\Question[Q-labundef]{Finding if a label is undefined} + +People seem to want to know (at run time) if a label is undefined (I +don't actually understand \emph{why}, particularly: it's a transient +state, and \LaTeX{} deals with it quite well). + +A resolved label is simply a command: +\csx{r@}\texttt{\meta{label-name}}; determining if the label is set is +then simply a matter of detecting if the command exists. The usual +\LaTeX{} internal way of doing this is to use the command +\csx{@ifundefined}: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke*{@ifundefined}{\textup{r@}label-name}{undef-cmds}{def-cmds} +\end{quote} +In which, \meta{label-name} is exactly what you would use in +a \csx{label} command, and the remaining two arguments are command +sequences to be used if the label is undefined +(\meta{undef-cmds}) or if it is defined +(\meta{def-cmds}). + +Note that any command that incorporates \csx{@ifundefined} is naturally +fragile, so remember to create it with \csx{DeclareRobustCommand} or to +use it with \csx{protect} in a moving argument. + +If you're into this game, you may well not care about \LaTeX{}'s +warning about undefined labels at the end of the document; however, +if you are, include the command \csx{G@refundefinedtrue} in +\meta{\texttt{undef-cmds}}. + +And of course, remember you're dealing in internal commands, and pay +attention to the \Qref*{at-signs}{Q-atsigns}. + +All the above can be avoided by using the \Package{labelcas} package: +it provides commands that enable you to switch according to the state +of a single label, or the states of a list of labels. The package's +definition is a bit complicated, but the package itself is pretty +powerful. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[labelcas.sty]\CTANref{labelcas} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-addtoreset]{Master and slave counters} + +It's common to have things numbered ``per chapter'' (for example, in +the standard \Class{book} and \Class{report} classes, figures, tables +and footnotes are all numbered thus). The process of resetting is +done automatically, when the ``master'' counter is stepped (when the +\csx{chapter} command that starts chapter \meta{n} happens, the +\texttt{chapter} counter is stepped, and all the dependent counters are set +to zero). + +How would you do that for yourself? You might want to number +algorithms per section, or corollaries per theorem, for example. If +you're defining these things by hand, you declare the relationship +when you define the counter in the first place: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke*{newcounter}{new-name}[master] +\end{quote} +says that every time counter \meta{master} is stepped, counter +\meta{new-name} will be reset. + +But what if you have an uncooperative package, that defines the +objects for you, but doesn't provide a programmer interface to make +the counters behave as you want? + +The \csx{newcounter} command uses a \LaTeX{} internal command, and you +can also use it: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke*{@addtoreset}{new-name}{master} +\end{quote} +(but remember that it needs to be between \csx{makeatletter} and +\csx{makeatother}, or in a package of your own). + +The \Package{chngcntr} package encapsulates the \csx{@addtoreset} +command into a command \csx{counterwithin}. So: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\counterwithin*{corrollary}{theorem} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will make the corollary counter slave to theorem counters. The +command without its asterisk: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\counterwithin{corrollary}{theorem} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will do the same, and also redefine \csx{thecorollary} as % line brk! +\meta{theorem number}.\meta{corollary number}, which is a good scheme +if you ever want to refer to the corollaries~--- there are potentially +many ``corollary~1'' in any document, so it's as well to tie its number +to the counter of the theorem it belongs to. This is true of pretty +much any such counter-within-another; if you're not using the +\Package{chngcntr}, refer to the answer to % line break! +\Qref*{redefining counters' \csx{the-}commands}{Q-the-commands} for +the necessary techniques. + +Note that the technique doesn't work if the master counter is |page|, +the number of the current page. The |page| counter is stepped deep +inside the output routine, which usually gets called some time after +the text for the new page has started to appear: so special +techniques are required to deal with that. One special case is dealt +with elsewhere: \Qref*{footnotes numbered per page}{Q-footnpp}. One +of the techniques described there, using package \Package{perpage}, +may be applied to any counter. The command: +\begin{quote} +\cmdinvoke*{MakePerPage}{counter} +\end{quote} +will cause \meta{counter} to be reset for each page. The package uses +a label-like mechanism, and may require more than one run of \LaTeX{} +to stabilise counter values~--- \LaTeX{} will generate the usual +warnings about labels changing. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[chngcntr.sty]\CTANref{chngcntr} +\item[perpage.sty]Distributed as part \CTANref{bigfoot}[perpage] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-fontsize]{Fonts at arbitrary sizes} + +Almost all fonts, nowadays, are provided with \LaTeX{} control +(\extension{fd}) files, so the temptation to risk the +\Qref*{problems of \csx{newfont}}{Q-newfont*} is usually easy to +resist. + +However, one temptation remains, arising from the way that \LaTeX{} +restricts the sizes of fonts. In fact, the restriction only +significantly applies to the default (Computer Modern) and the +Cork-encoded (\acro{T}1) EC fonts, but it is widely considered to be +anomalous, nowadays. In recognition of this problem, there is a +package \Package{fix-cm} which will allow you to use the fonts, within +\LaTeX{}, at any size you choose. If you're not using scaleable +versions of the fonts, most modern distributions will just generate an +appropriate bitmap for you. + +So, suppose you want to produce a heading in Computer Modern Roman at +30 points, you might be tempted to write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newfont{\bigfont}{cmr10 at 30pt} +\begin{center} + \bigfont Huge text +\end{center} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will indeed work, but will actually produce a worse result than +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{fix-cm} +... +\begin{center} + \fontsize{30}{36}\selectfont + Huge text +\end{center} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that the \Package{fix-cm} package was not distributed until the +December 2003 edition of \LaTeX{}; if you have an older distribution, +the packages \Package{type1cm} (for \acro{CM} fonts) and +\Package{type1ec} (for \acro{EC} fonts) are available. + +If \Package{fix-cm} doesn't do the job for you, try one of the other +two; \Package{fix-cm} has one or two omissions~--- fonts the \latex{} +team did not consider useful, or something; the CM dunhill fonts (as +CM, but with stretched ascenders) and the CM fibonacci (which is only +available in 8-point design size) are certainly missing. + +A further alternative might be to switch to the +\Qref*{\FontName{Latin} \FontName{Modern} fonts}{Q-uselmfonts} (which +provide a close simulacrum of the \FontName{Computer} +\FontName{Modern} set); these fonts were scaleable from their first +distribution, and don't therefore need any such trick as the above. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fix-cm.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{latex}[fix-cm] (an unpacked + version is available at \CTANref{fix-cm}) +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\FontName{Latin} \FontName{Modern} fonts]\CTANref{lm} +\item[type1cm.sty]\CTANref{type1cm} +\item[type1ec.sty]\CTANref{type1ec} (the package is actually part of + the \CTANref{cm-super} distribution, but it works happily in + the absence of the scaled fonts) +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-02} + +\Question[Q-latexqual]{The quality of your \LaTeX{}} + +The \Package{l2tabu} tutorial (mentioned in % ! line break +\Qref[question]{online introductions}{Q-man-latex}) is undoubtedly a +good read. + +However, it's always difficult to remember the things you should +\emph{not} do, when there are so many things to remember that you +really must do: some automation is useful\dots{}. + +The nicely-named \Package{nag} allows you to apply a configurable set +of checks to your document, as you run it through \LaTeX{}; you get +messages like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +Package nag Warning: Command \bf is an old LaTeX 2.09 command. +(nag) Use \bfseries or \textbf instead on input line 30. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +Package nag Warning: Command \bf is an old + LaTeX 2.09 command. +(nag) Use \bfseries or \textbf + instead on input line 30. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +\begin{wideversion} + (the package provides a demo file which contains most of the sorts + of errors you might make~--- the example is one of them). +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + (the error lines above represent two lines which have been wrapped; + the package provides a demo file which contains most of the sorts of + errors you might make~--- the example is one of them). +\end{narrowversion} +While \Package{l2tabu} and \Package{nag} alert you to \emph{possible} +programming errors, you should not forget that they are merely +commenting on \emph{style}; don't assume that a \Package{nag} error is +going to damn your code~--- rather, note the issue and try to train +your fingers not to do the same ``next time''. + +The \ProgName{lacheck} program analyses your source and comments on +it; its view of what is ``bad'' is \emph{very} subjective (the +documentation says), but it can be useful. + +There's also a web site +\href{http://www.kohm.name/markus/texidate.html}{TeXidate} +which will do a static analysis of your document (unfortunately, you +have to paste your document source into a text window). The site +doesn't seem as comprehensive as \Package{nag}, but it allows you to +download its script, which you can then juggle with to make it more +draconian. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[l2tabu]Browse \CTANref{l2tabu} for a copy of the document in a + language that is convenient for you +\item[lacheck]\CTANref{lacheck} +\item[nag.sty]\CTANref{nag} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-09}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-projects.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-projects.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f4b93ef1e1a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-projects.tex @@ -0,0 +1,665 @@ +% $Id: faq-projects.tex,v 1.28 2012/02/07 21:46:08 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{Current \TeX{}-related projects} + +\Question[Q-LaTeX3]{The \LaTeX{} project} + +The \LaTeX{} project team (see \URL{http://www.latex-project.org/latex3.html}) +is a small group of volunteers whose aim is +to produce a major new document processing system based on the +principles pioneered by Leslie Lamport in the current \LaTeX{}. The +new system is (provisionally) called \LaTeX{}3; it +will remain freely available and it will be fully documented at +all levels. + +The \LaTeX{} team's first product (\LaTeXe{}) was delivered in 1994 +(it's now properly called ``\LaTeX{}'', since no other version is current). + +\LaTeXe{} was intended as a consolidation exercise, unifying several +sub-variants of \LaTeX{} while changing nothing whose change wasn't +absolutely necessary. This has permitted the team to support a single +version of \LaTeX{}, in parallel with development of \LaTeX{}3. + +Some of the older discussion papers about directions for \LaTeX{}3 are +to be found on \acro{CTAN}; other (published) articles are to be found +on the project web site (\URL{http://www.latex-project.org/papers/}). + +Some of the project's experimental code is visible on the net: +\begin{itemize} +\item via \URL{http://www.latex-project.org/code.html}, which points + to the project's \acro{SVN} repository; +\item via the project's + \href{https://github.com/latex3/svn-mirror}{\emph{GitHub} mirror}; +\item from \acro{CTAN}: snapshots of two major collections from the + code, \Package{l3kernel} (supporting \LaTeX{}3 coding conventions in + a \LaTeXe{} environment), \Package{l3packages} (a first cut of a + ``document designer's interface'') as well as + \Package{l3experimental} (new stuff that's still under + development). +\end{itemize} +The packages \Package{l3kernel} and \Package{l3packages} provide an +``experimental harness'' that may be used as a testbed for \latex{}3 +work. + +Note that \Package{l3kernel} introduces a coding structure quite +different from earlier \latex{} code; a few hardy authors, who are not +members of the project, are nevertheless using it in their development +work. + +Anyone may participate in discussions of the future of \LaTeX{} +through the mailing list \texttt{latex-l}; some development work +(outside the project) is discussed on the list. Subscribe to the list +by sending a message `\texttt{subscribe latex-l <\emph{your name}>}' +to \mailto{listserv@urz.Uni-Heidelberg.de} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[l3experimental \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3experimental} +\item[l3kernel \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3kernel} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeX{} project publications]\CTANref{ltx3pub} +\item[l3packages \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3packages} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-02-07} + +\Question[Q-mathml]{Future \acro{WWW} technologies and \AllTeX{}} + +An earlier answer % ! line break +(\Qref[number]{``converting to \acro{HTML}''}{Q-LaTeX2HTML}) +addresses the issue of converting existing \AllTeX{} documents for +viewing on the Web as \acro{HTML}. All the present techniques are +somewhat flawed: the answer explains why. + +However, things are changing, with +better font availability, cunning \acro{HTML} programming and the +support for new Web standards. +\begin{description} +\item[Font technologies] Direct representation of mathematics in + browsers has been hampered up to now by the limited range of symbols + in the fonts whose availability designers can count on. Some existing + \AllTeX{} to \acro{HTML} converters provide maths symbols by + hitching them to alternate font face specifications for standard + code points in a non-standard way. This does nothing for the + universality of the \acro{HTML} so generated. + + Now, however, free Unicode-encoded OpenType fonts, with coverage of + mathematical symbols, are starting to appear. The much-heralded + \href{http://www.stixfonts.org/}{\FontName{STIX} fonts} are now + available on \acro{CTAN}, and a tweaked version + (\FontName{XITS}) and \FontName{Asana Math} are also + available. The \acro{STIX} project has still not released macros + for using the fonts, but the \Package{unicode-math} package will do + what is necessary under \xetex{} and \luatex{}, and the fonts can of + course be used in browsers. +%% In the near future, we can expect rather wide availability of +%% Unicode fonts with good coverage of symbols, which should make life +%% easier for those who need to represent mathematics. +\item[\acro{XML}] The core of the range of new standards is + \acro{XML}, which provides a framework for better structured markup; + limited support for it has already appeared in some browsers. + + Conversion of \AllTeX{} source to \acro{XML} is already available + (through \TeX{}4ht at least), and work continues in that arena. The + alternative, authoring in \acro{XML} (thus producing documents that + are immediately Web-friendly, if not ready) and using \AllTeX{} to + typeset is also well advanced. One useful technique is + \Qref*{\emph{transforming} the \acro{XML} to \LaTeX{}}{Q-SGML2TeX}, + using an \acro{XSLT} stylesheet or code for an \acro{XML} library, + and then simply using \LaTeX{}; alternatively, one may + \Qref*{typeset direct from the \acro{XML} source}{Q-readML}. +\item[Direct representation of mathematics] + Math\acro{ML} is a standard for representing maths on the Web; its + original version was distinctly limited, but version 2 of Math\acro{ML} + has had major browser support since 2002 with richness of mathematical + content for online purposes approaching that of \TeX{} for print. + Browser support for Math\acro{ML} is provided by \ProgName{amaya}, the + `Open Source' browser \ProgName{mozilla} (and its derivatives + including \ProgName{NetScape}, \ProgName{Firefox} and \ProgName{Galeon}) and + \ProgName{Internet Explorer} when equipped with a suitable plug-in + such as \ProgName{MathPlayer}. + There's evidence that \AllTeX{} users are starting to use such + browsers. Some believe that \acro{XHTML}+Math\acro{ML} now provides + better online viewing than \acro{PDF}. + Work to produce \acro{XHTML}+Math\acro{ML} is well advanced in both the + \TeX{}4ht and \ProgName{TtH} projects for \AllTeX{} conversion. +%% Such conversion, however, has limits of soundness unless one +%% is very much aware of the needs of one's conversion program +%% and adapts one's usage of \AllTeX{} accordingly. + + The \href{http://www.mathjax.org}{\ProgName{MathJax}} engine will process the + content of \latex{} \csx{[} \dots{}~\csx{]} and \csx{(} \dots{}~\csx{)} + `environments' in an \acro{HTML} document, to produce mathematical + output that may (for example) be cut-and-pasted into other programs. + + Incorporation into your document can be +\begin{wideversion} + as simple as incorporating: +\begin{verbatim} +<script type="text/javascript" + src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"> +</script> +\end{verbatim} + into the header of your \acro{HTML} document, +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + incorporating the script~--- + \url{http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML} + ---~as the \texttt{src} tab of a \texttt{script type="text/javascript"} + element in the header of your \acro{HTML} document, +\end{narrowversion} + though the \href{http://www.mathjax.org/}{MathJax project's site} + also allows you to download your own copy and install it on one of + \emph{your} servers. \ProgName{MathJax} is open source software, so + you could, in principle, extend it to do even more eccentric tasks. + + An approach different from \AllTeX{} conversion is taken by + the \href{http://www.albany.edu/~hammond/gellmu/}{\emph{GELLMU} Project}. + Its \emph{article} \acro{XML} document type, which has a markup vocabulary + close to \LaTeX{} that can be edited using \LaTeX{}-like markup + (even though it is not \LaTeX{}~--- so far), comes with translators + that make both \acro{PDF} (via \emph{pdflatex}) and + \acro{XHTML}+Math\acro{ML}. Such an approach avoids the inherent + limitations of the ``traditional'' \AllTeX{} translation processes, + which have traps that can be sprung by unfettered use of \AllTeX{} + markup. +\item[Graphics] + \acro{SVG} is a standard for graphics representation on the web. + While the natural use is for converting existing figures, + representations of formulas are also possible, in place of the separate + bitmaps that have been used in the past (and while we wait for the + wider deployment of Math\acro{ML}). + + Browser plug-ins, that deal with \acro{SVG} are already available + (Adobe offer one, for example). More recently, the open source + graphics editor \href{http://www.inkscape.org/}{\ProgName{Inkscape}} + has appeared, and has been reported to be useful for + \acro{SVG}-related work in at least one \TeX{}-related project. Be + aware that the developers of \ProgName{Inkscape} have no illusions + about being able to replace commercial software, yet\dots{} +\item[Direct use of \TeX{} markup] + Some time back, \acro{IBM} developed a browser plug-in called + TechExplorer, which would display \AllTeX{} documents direct in a + browser. Over the years, it developed into a Math\acro{ML} browser + plug-in, while still retaining its \AllTeX{} abilities, but it's now + distributed (free for Linux and Windows platforms) by + \href{http://www.integretechpub.com/}{Integre Technical Publishing}. + + The disadvantage of the TechExplorer approach is that it places the + onus on the browser user; and however technically proficient + \emph{you} are, it's never safe to assume too much of your readers. + An interesting alternative is + \href{http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.html}{Math\TeX{}}, which sits + on your server as a \acro{CGI} script, and you use it to include + your \TeX{}, in your \acro{HTML}, as if it were an image: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +<img src="/cgi-bin/mathtex.cgi?f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"> +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +<img src="/cgi-bin/mathtex.cgi?f(x)= + \int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"> +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +(\Package{Mathtex} supersedes the author's earlier \Package{mimetex}.) +\end{description} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Asana Math fonts]\CTANref{asana-math} +\item[GELLMU]\CTANref{gellmu} +\item[MathTeX]\CTANref{MathTeX} +\item[MimeTeX]\CTANref{MimeTeX} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}STIX fonts]\CTANref{stix} +\item[tex4ht]\CTANref{tex4ht} (but see \url{http://tug.org/tex4ht/}) +\item[unicode-math.sty]\CTANref{unicode-math} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}XITS fonts]\CTANref{xits} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-10-17} + +\Question[Q-textrace]{Making outline fonts from \MF{}} + +\ProgName{TeXtrace}, originally developed by P\'eter Szab\'o, is a +bundle of Unix scripts that use Martin Weber's freeware boundary +tracing package +\href{http://autotrace.sourceforge.net}{\ProgName{autotrace}} to +generate Type~1 outline fonts from \MF{} bitmap +font outputs. The result is unlikely ever to be of the quality of +the commercially-produced Type~1 font, but there's always the +\href{http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/}{\ProgName{FontForge}} font +editor to tidy things. Whatever, there +remain fonts which many people find useful and which fail to attract +the paid experts, and auto-tracing is providing a useful service here. +Notable sets of +fonts generated using \ProgName{TeXtrace} are P\'eter Szab\'o's own +\acro{EC}/\acro{TC} font set \FontName{tt2001} and Vladimir Volovich's +\acro{CM}-Super set, which covers the \acro{EC}, \acro{TC}, and the +Cyrillic \acro{LH} font sets (for details of both of which sets, see +\Qref[answer]{``8-bit'' type 1 fonts}{Q-type1T1}). + +Another system, which arrived slightly later, is +\href{http://www.cs.uu.nl/~hanwen/mftrace/}{\ProgName{mftrace}}: +this is a small \ProgName{Python} program that does the same job. +\ProgName{Mftrace} may use either \ProgName{autotrace} (like +\ProgName{TeXtrace}) or Peter Selinger's +\href{http://potrace.sourceforge.net}{\ProgName{potrace}} to produce +the initial outlines to process. \ProgName{Mftrace} is said to be +more flexible, and easier to use, than is \ProgName{TeXtrace}, but both systems +are increasingly being used to provide Type~1 fonts to the public domain. + +The \ProgName{MetaType1} system aims to use \MF{} font sources, by way +of \MP{} and a bunch of scripts and so on, to produce high-quality +Type~1 fonts. The first results, the % ! line break +\Qref*{\Package{Latin Modern} fonts}{Q-type1T1}, are now +well-established, and a bunch of existing designs have been reworked +in MetaType1 format. + +\Package{Mf2pt1} is another translator of \MF{} font sources by way of +\MP{}; in addition, +available, \Package{mf2pt1} will use +\href{http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/}{\ProgName{fontforge}} (if it's +available) to auto-hint the result of its conversion. +(\Package{Mf2pt1} is also written in \ProgName{perl}.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[MetaType1]\CTANref{metatype1} +\item[mf2pt1]\CTANref{mf2pt1} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-WYGexpts]{The \TeX{} document preparation environment} + +``\Qref*{Why \TeX{} is not \WYSIWYG{}}{Q-notWYSIWYG}'' +outlines the reasons (or excuses) for the huge disparity of user +interface between ``typical'' \TeX{} environments and commercial word +processors. + +Nowadays, at last, there is a range of tools available that try either +to bridge or to close the gap. One range modestly focuses on +providing the user with a legible source document. At the other +extreme we have \href{http://www.texmacs.org}{\ProgName{TeXmacs}}, +a~document processor using +\TeX{}'s algorithms and fonts for both editor display and printing. +\ProgName{TeXmacs} does not use the \TeX{} +language itself (though among other formats, \LaTeX{} may be exported +and imported). A bit closer to \LaTeX{} is +\href{http://www.lyx.org/}{LyX}, which has its own +editor display and file formats as well, but does its print output by +exporting to \LaTeX{}. The editor display merely resembles the +printed output, but you have the possibility of entering arbitrary +\LaTeX{} code. If you use constructs that LyX does not +understand, it will just display them as source text marked red, but +will properly export them. + +Since a lot of work is needed to create an editor from scratch that +actually is good at editing (as well as catering for \TeX{}), it is +perhaps no accident that several approaches have been implemented +using the extensible \ProgName{emacs} editor. The low end of the +prettifying range is occupied by syntax highlighting: marking \TeX{} +tokens, comments and other stuff with special colours. +Many free editors (including \ProgName{emacs}) can cater for \TeX{} in +this way. Under Windows, one of the more popular editors with such +support is the +Shareware product \href{http://www.winedt.com/}{\ProgName{winedt}}. +Continuing the range of +tools prettifying your input, we have the \ProgName{emacs} package +\href{http://x-symbol.sourceforge.net}{\Package{x-symbol}}, which does +the \WYSIWYG{} part of its work by replacing single \TeX{} tokens and +accented letter sequences with appropriate-looking characters on the +screen. + +A different type of tool focuses on making update and access to +previews of the typeset document more immediate. A recent addition +in several viewers, editors and \TeX{} executables are so-called +`source specials' for cross-navigation. When \TeX{} compiles a +document, it will upon request insert special markers for every input +line into the typeset output. The markers are interpreted by the \acro{DVI} +previewer which can be made to let its display track the page +corresponding to the editor input position, or to let the editor jump +to a source line corresponding to a click in the preview window. + +An \ProgName{emacs} package that combines this sort of editor movement +tracking with automatic fast recompilations (through the use of dumped +formats) is +\href{http://pauillac.inria.fr/whizzytex/}{\Package{WhizzyTeX}} + which is best used with a previewer by the +same author. + +Another \ProgName{emacs} package called +\href{http://preview-latex.sourceforge.net}{\Package{preview-latex}} +tries to solve +the problem of visual correlation between source and previews in a +more direct way: it uses a \LaTeX{} package to chop the document source +into interesting fragments (like figures, text or display math) which +it runs through \LaTeX{} and replaces the source text of those +fragments with the corresponding rendered output images. Since it +does not know about the structure of the images, at the actual cursor +position the source text is displayed while editing rather than the +preview. This approach is more or less a hybrid of the source +prettifying and fast preview approaches since it works in the source +buffer but uses actual previews rendered by \LaTeX{}. + +A more ambitious contender is called \TeX{}lite. This +system is only available on request from its author; +it continuously updates its screen with the help of a special version +of \TeX{} dumping its state in a compressed format at each page and +using hooks into \TeX{}'s line breaking mechanism for reformatting +paragraphs on the fly. That way, it can render the output from the +edited \TeX{} code with interactive speed on-screen, and it offers the +possibility of editing directly in the preview window. + +That many of these systems occupy slightly different niches can be +seen by comparing the range of the +\ProgName{emacs}-based solutions ranging from syntax highlighting to instant +previewing: all of them can be activated at the same time without +actually interfering in their respective tasks. + +The different approaches offer various choices differing in the +immediacy of their response, the screen area they work on (source or +separate window), degree of correspondence of the display to the final +output, and the balance they strike between visual aid and visual +distraction. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[preview-latex]Distributed as part of \CTANref{auctex}[preview-latex] +\item[texmacs]Browse \CTANref{texmacs} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-omegaleph]{Omega and Aleph} + +Omega\nothtml{ (\ensuremath{\Omega})} was developed as an extension of +\TeX{}, to use with multilingual texts, expressed in a variety of +input encodings. Omega uses 16-bit, Unicode-encoded, characters. It +provides many innovative concepts, notably including the ``translation +process'' that takes a character stream and transforms it according to +various processes that may be internally specified, or be a separate +program. + +While Omega showed a lot of promise at its mid-1990s announcement, +progress was slow, and development was essentially dead by the time +that one of the original developers withdrew (taking with him a bunch +of research students). + +Before that distressing event, a separate thread of development had +started, to produce a program % !avoid space between Aleph and comma +called Aleph\nothtml{ (\ensuremath{\aleph})}, which merged the facilities of +\Qref*{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex} into a stable Omega codebase and added other +extensions. Aleph also proved an attractive platform for many people; +but its development, too, has dried up. + +A presentation at Euro\TeX{} 2006 claimed that development of Omega +was picking up again, in parallel with research into what the (new) +developers consider a rational scheme for supporting \TeX{}-style +typesetting. The new system was to be known as Omega-2 +(\latexhtml{\ensuremath{\Omega_2}}{Omega subscript 2}), and was to be +designed in a modular fashion so that support of new facilities (such +as use of advanced OpenType fonts) could be added in a relatively +straightforward fashion. A quick web search leads to a recommendation +that potential users consider \Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex} instead; +fortunately, lessons learned in Aleph project have been carried +forward in the development of \luatex{}. + +\Question[Q-xetex]{\xetex{}} + +\href{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}{\xetex{}}, by Jonathan Kew, is a +successor to the shareware TeX/GX program for Macintoshes. It was +developed as a \acro{WEB} `change file' applied to the original source +of \tex{}; the main changes include: +\begin{description} +\item[The input stage] \xetex{} by default reads Unicode (UTF-8, for + instance), although it's also capable of interpreting differently + encoded files (for backwards compatibility). Multibyte characters + are reduced to a single internal character upon reading, so they are + considered as a unique entity when tokenization is performed. (So, + for example, you can have command names in cyrillic, if you must, + but such a practice is not recommended.) +\item[The font management] a substantial revision has added support + for OpenType and TrueType fonts, delegating some parts to + third-party libraries. +\item[The maths font set up] \xetex{} introduces new primitives for + extending the \csx{mathcode} and \csx{mathchardef} commands in TeX, + allowing the user to specify characters in the whole Unicode set and + in 256 `math families' (\tex{} only has 16, which limits some maths + coding techniques). +\item[``Post-processing'' features (A)] \xetex{} links to the + \ProgName{teckit} library so it can apply a \extension{map} file + that allows transformation of characters in already formed token + lists, before they are processed in the ``stomach'' for typesetting. + In this way, a declaration ``\texttt{Ligatures=TeX}'' is provided, + which attaches a map directive to the font that transforms the + character combinations (familiar to \tex{} users) into a single + character; for instance \texttt{-{}-{}-} is transformed into + ``\textemdash''. +\item[``Post-processing'' features (B)] Characters can be assigned to + an ``interchar token class'' and it is possible to specify tokens to + be added when there is a transition from one class to another. The + packages \Package{polyglossia}, \Package{xeCJK} and + \Package{ucharclasses} exploit this feature. +\end{description} +Otherwise, the process of typesetting is essentially the same as +\tex{}'s. (However some changes have also been made in the +hyphenation stage that may give slightly different results if the same +document is compiled with \pdftex{} or \xetex{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[polyglossia.sty]\CTANref{polyglossia} +\item[xeCJK.sty]\CTANref{xecjk} +\item[ucharclasses.sty]\CTANref{ucharclasses} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-21} + +% \href{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}{\xetex{}}, by Jonathan Kew, is a +% successor to the shareware \TeX{}/\acro{GX} program for Macintoshes. +% It is a Unicode-based \TeX{} implementation which is able to make +% direct use of the fonts installed on a system. It supports the +% advanced typographical features available in modern font technology +% (OpenType, \acro{AAT} on Mac~\acro{OS}~X, Graphite). \xetex{} was +% originally developed for Mac~\acro{OS}~X but it is now fully +% integrated in \texlive{} on a wide range of platforms, as well as +% being available as part of \miktex{}. \xetex{} supports Unicode +% character sets and bidirectional typesetting (via \eTeX{} primitives). +% It is popular among linguists and scholars in the humanities, as well +% as an increasing range of people working in other fields. Support for +% mathematical Unicode fonts (such as Asana Math and Cambria) is +% progressing. + +% The project has an active % ! line break +% \href{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/xetex}{mailing list}; a +% collection of other information is to be found in a set of % ! line break +% \href{http://www.tug.org/xetex/}{links on the \acro{TUG} web site}. +% \begin{ctanrefs} +% \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}XeTeX reference]\CTANref{xetexref} +% \end{ctanrefs} + + + +\Question[Q-luatex]{\PDFTeX{} and \LuaTeX{}} + +As is said elsewhere in these \acro{FAQ}s, development of +\Qref*{\PDFTeX{}}{Q-whatpdftex} is ``in essence'' complete~--- no new +facilities are being developed at the time of writing. The \PDFTeX{} +team has announced that they have frozen \PDFTeX{}'s specification in +its current state (version 1.40.11), and that nothing but bug +corrections will be provided up to the time of the final release, +\PDFTeX{} 1.50.0. (The interpretation of the statement seems to allow +sensible changes that are beyond any reasonable definition of +\emph{bug}\dots) + +In parallel with the running-down of \PDFTeX{} development, +development of a new system, \LuaTeX{} is under way. +\href{http://www.lua.org/}{\ProgName{Lua}} is a script +language, designed to offer an interpreter that may be incorporated +into other applications. \LuaTeX{} consists of a \TeX{}-like engine +with a \ProgName{lua} interpreter `embedded' in it; the \ProgName{lua} +interpreter has access to many of the data structures used for +typesetting, and the user may also interpolate chunks of +\ProgName{lua} code into their \AllTeX{} macros, or as `call-backs' +for use when the \TeX{}-like engine does certain operations. + +This arrangement offers the prospect of a ``semi-soft'' typesetting +engine: it will have its basic behaviour, but the user gets to +redefine functionality if an idea occurs~--- there will be no need to +persuade the world first, and then find a willing developer to work on +the sources of of the distribution. + +The \href{http://www.luatex.org/}{\LuaTeX{} project} is (with monetary +support from various sources) pursuing avenues that many of the other +current projects have in their sights, notably Unicode character +representations and support for OpenType fonts. The intention is +to integrate the extensions pioneered by \Qref*{Aleph}{Q-omegaleph}. +Users may also care to view the % ! line break +\href{http://www.luatex.org/documentation.html}{\luatex{} documentation page} + +The current released version (0.70.1, in June 2011) of \LuaTeX{} +is supposed at least to demonstrate the final functionality. This +stability was declared with version 0.50.0, released near the end of +December 2009. Much work remains to be done, and this remains a +beta-release. \texlive{} 2011 incorporates (at the time of writing) +\LuaTeX{} version 0.70.1, and current \miktex{} (version 2.9) +offers version 0.70.0. + +\CONTeXT{} `Mark 4' can already make use of \LuaTeX{}; much of its +code already appears in two forms~--- a \TeX{}-based version +(\extension{mkii}) and a `\extension{mkiv}' version (new functionality +typically \emph{only} appears in `\extension{mkiv}' form), which uses +\luatex{} extensions (including \ProgName{lua} scripting). \LaTeX{} +packages that support its use are appearing (some of them providing +re-implementations of existing \context{} code). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\luatex{} snapshot]\CTANref{luatex} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\pdftex{} distribution]\CTANref{pdftex} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-11-02} + +\Question[Q-ant]{The \textsf{ANT} typesetting system} + +Achim Blumensath's \href{http://ant.berlios.de}{\textsf{ANT}} project +aims not to replicate \TeX{} with a different implementation +technique, but rather to provide a replacement for \TeX{} which uses +\TeX{}-like typesetting algorithms in a very different programming +environment. \textsf{ANT} remains under development, but it is now +approaching the status of a usable typesetting system. + +\textsf{ANT}'s markup language is immediately recognisable to the +\AllTeX{} user, but the scheme of implementing design in +\textsf{ANT}'s own implementation language (presently +\ProgName{OCaml}) comes as a pleasant surprise to the jaded \acro{FAQ} +writer. This architecture holds the promise of a system that avoids a +set of serious problems with \TeX{}'s user interface: those that +derive from the design language being the same as the markup language. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\textsf{ANT}]\CTANref{ant} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-extex]{The \ExTeX{} project} + +\href{http://www.extex.org/}{The \ExTeX{} project} is +building on the experience of the many existing \TeX{} development and +extension projects, to develop a new \TeX{}-like system. The system +is to be developed in Java (like the ill-fated \NTS{} project). + +While \ExTeX{} will implement all of \TeX{}'s primitives, some may be +marked as obsolete, and ``modern'' alternatives provided (an obvious +example is the primitive \csx{input} command, whose syntax inevitably +makes life difficult for users of modern operating system file +paths). Desirable extensions from \Qref*{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex}, +\Qref*{\PDFTeX{}}{Q-whatpdftex} and \Qref*{\ensuremath{\Omega}}{Q-omegaleph} +have been identified. + +Usability will be another focus of the work: debugging support and log +filtering mechanisms will please those who have long struggled with +\TeX{} macros. + +\ExTeX{} will accept Unicode input, from the start. In the longer +term, drawing primitives are to be considered. + +\Question[Q-biblatex]{Replacing the \BibTeX{}--\LaTeX{} mechanism} + +Producing a successor to \BibTeX{} has long been a favoured activity +among a certain class of \TeX{}-users; the author has seen reports of +progress (on several projects), over the years, but few that claim to +be ready for ``real-world'' use. + +Few would deny that \BibTeX{} is ripe for renewal: as originally +conceived, it was a program for creating bibliographies for technical +documents, in English. People have contributed mechanisms for a +degree of multilingual use (whose techniques are arcane, and quite +likely inextensible), while an extension (\ProgName{bibtex8}) allows +use with 8-bit character codes, thus providing some multilingual +capabilities. In addition, specialist \BibTeX{} style files are +available for use in non-technical papers. + +\BibTeX{} uses a style language whose mechanisms are unfamiliar to +most current programmers: it's difficult to learn, but since there are +few opportunities to write the language, it's also difficult to become +fluent (in the way that so many people fluently write the equally +arcane \TeX{} macro language). + +Oren Patashnik (the author of \BibTeX{}) summarises the issues as he +sees them, in a % !line break +\href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb24-1/patashnik.pdf}{\acro{TUG} conference paper from 2003} +that seems to suggest that we might expect a +\BibTeX{}~1.0 \dots{} which hasn't (yet) appeared. + +In the absence of \BibTeX{}~1.0, what do we need from the bibliography +system of the future?~--- simple: a superset of what \BibTeX{} does +(or can be made to do), preferably implementing a simpler style +language, and with coherent multilingual capabilities. + +There are two parts to a bibliography system; processing the database +of citations, and typesetting the results. The existing \bibtex{} +system provides a means of processing the database, and there are +macros built into \latex{}, as well as many \latex{} packages, that +process the results. + +Of the direct \BibTeX{} replacements, only two have been submitted to +\acro{CTAN}: Cross\TeX{} and \ProgName{biber}. + +Cross\TeX{}'s language feels familiar to the existing user of +\BibTeX{}, but it's redesigned in an object-oriented style, and looks +(to a non-user) as if it may well be adequately flexible. It is said +to operate as a \bibtex{} replacement. + +Cross\TeX{}'s team respond to queries, and seem well aware of the +need for multilingual support, though it isn't currently offered. + +\ProgName{Biber} is intimately associated with the \latex{} package +\Package{biblatex}; it is logically a \bibtex{} replacement, but is also +capable of using bibliography databases in its own +\ProgName{biblatexml} (\acro{XML}-based) format. \Package{Biblatex} +can also use \bibtex{}, but \ProgName{biber} opens up a far wider +range of possibilities, including full Unicode support. + +\Package{Biblatex} is a processor for the output of an application +such as \ProgName{biber} or \bibtex{}; the style of citations and of +the bibliography itself (in your document) is determined by the way +your \Package{biblatex} style has been set up, not on some +\bibtex{}-\latex{} package combination. \Package{Biblatex}'s +structure thus eliminates the collections of \BibTeX{} styles, at a +stroke; it comes with a basic set of styles, and details are +determined by options, set at package loading time. The author, +Philipp Lehman, evaluated the whole field of bibliography software +before starting, and as a result the package provides answers to +many of the questions asked in the bibliography sections of these +\acro{FAQ}s. + +\Package{Biblatex} was released as experimental software, but it's +clear that many users are already using it happily; Lehman is +responsive to problem reports, at the moment, but a \emph{de facto} +set of expert users is already establishing itself. A set of +contributed styles has appeared, which cover some of the trickier +bibliography styles. The road map of the project shows that we are +now working on the final \emph{beta} releases before the ``stable'' +\Package{biblatex}~1.0. + +Finally, \Package{Amsrefs} uses a transformed \extension{bib} file, +which is expressed as \LaTeX{} macros. (The package provides a +\BibTeX{} style that performs the transformation, so that a \LaTeX{} +source containing a \cmdinvoke{nocite}{*} command enables \BibTeX{} to +produce a usable \Package{amsrefs} bibliography database.) + +\Package{Amsrefs} is maintained by the AMS as part of its author +support programme, +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsrefs.sty]\CTANref{amsrefs} +\item[biber]\CTANref{biber} +\item[biblatex.sty]\CTANref{biblatex} +\item[bibtex8]\CTANref{bibtex8} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}biblatex contributions]\CTANref{biblatex-contrib} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}CrossTeX]\CTANref{crosstex} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-support.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-support.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7e4f88560f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-support.tex @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +% $Id: faq-support.tex,v 1.8 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Support Packages for \TeX{}} + +\Question[Q-xfigetc]{\AllTeX{}-friendly drawing packages} +\AliasQuestion{Q-xfig} +\AliasQuestion{Q-figetc} + +\ProgName{(X)Fig} is a menu driven tool that allows you to +draw objects on the screen of an \acro{X} workstation; \ProgName{transfig} +is a set of tools which translate the code \ProgName{fig}. The list +of export formats is very long, and includes \MF{} and \MP{}, +Encapsulated \PS{} and \acro{PDF}, as well as combinations that wrap +a graphics format in a \LaTeX{} import file, which may include +\LaTeX{} commands to place text (compiled by \LaTeX{} itself) as +labels, etc., in the figures. + +There's no explicit port of \ProgName{xfig} to windows (although it is +believed to work under \ProgName{cygwin} with its X-windows system). +However, the program % ! line break +\href{http://tams-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/applets/jfig/}{\ProgName{jfig}} +is thought by many to be an acceptable substitute, written in Java. + +\ProgName{Asymptote} is a widely-praised development of the \MP{} +language, which can draw 2D or 3D diagrams, and can also label +diagrams with \LaTeX{} text; copious documentation is available via +\href{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}{\ProgName{asymptote}'s web site}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[asymptote]\CTANref{asymptote} +\item[xfig]\CTANref{xfig} +\item[transfig]\CTANref{transfig} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-05-02} + +\Question[Q-texcad]{\TeX{}\acro{CAD}, a drawing package for \LaTeX{}} + +\TeX{}\acro{CAD} is a program for the \acro{PC} which enables the user to draw diagrams +on screen using a mouse or arrow keys, with an on-screen menu of available +picture-elements. Its output is code for the \LaTeX{} +\environment{picture} environment. +Optionally, it can be set to include lines at all angles using +the em\TeX{} driver-family +\htmlignore +(\Qref*{\csx{special}s}{Q-specials}). +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} +\Qref{\csx{special}s}{Q-specials}. +\end{htmlversion} +\TeX{}\acro{CAD} is part of the em\TeX{} distribution. + +A Unix port of the program (\ProgName{xtexcad}) has been made. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[emtex]\CTANref{emtex} +\item[xtexcad]\CTANref{xtexcad} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-spell]{Spelling checkers for work with \TeX{}} + +Most approaches to the problem (of checking your spelling) are +designed to work with a plain text file; in our case, this is \alltex{} +source. For the user, this is a simple-to-understand way to do the +job; but for the spell-checker programmer, it requires heuristic (and +hence fallible) analysis of \alltex{} macros and so on. The +alternative, of viewing the text \emph{after} \alltex{} has processed +the results, is covered below. + +For Unix, \ProgName{ispell} was long the program of choice; it is well +integrated with \ProgName{emacs}, and deals with some \TeX{} syntax. +However, it has more-or-less been replaced everywhere, by +\ProgName{aspell}, which was designed as a successor, and certainly +performs better on most metrics; there remains some question as to its +performance with \AllTeX{} sources. + +For Windows, there is a good spell checker incorporated into many of +the \Qref*{shell/editor}{Q-editors} combinations that are available. +The spell checker from the (now defunct) 4All\TeX{} shell remains +available as a separate package, \ProgName{4spell}. + +For the Macintosh, \ProgName{Excalibur} has long been used; its +distribution comes with dictionaries for several languages. + +The \acro{VMS} Pascal program \ProgName{spell} makes special cases of +some important features of \LaTeX{} syntax. + +For \MSDOS{}, there are several programs. \ProgName{Amspell} can be +called from within an editor, and \ProgName{jspell} is an extended +version of \ProgName{ispell}. + +An alternative approach takes \alltex{} output, and checks that. A +straightforward approach is to produce \acro{PDF} output, and process +it with \ProgName{pdftotext}, using any plain text checker on the +result (the checkers listed above all work in this r\^ole). For this +to work reasonably well, the user should disable hyphenation before +making the \acro{PDF} output. + +The (experimental) \luatex{}/\latex{} package \Package{spelling} goes +one step further: it uses \ProgName{lua} code to extract words +\emph{while typesetting is going on}, but before hyphenation is +applied. Each word is looked up in a list of known bad spellings, and +the word highlighted if it appears there. In parallel, a text file is +created, which can be processed by a `normal' spelling checker to +produce a revised ``bad spelling'' list. (The package documentation +shows the end result; it includes words such as `spellling', which are +duly highlighted.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[4spell]\CTANref{4spell} +\item[amspell]\CTANref{amspell} +\item[aspell]Browse \CTANref{aspell}~--- choose just those language + dictionaries (under subdirectory \File{dict/}) that you need. +\item[excalibur]\CTANref{Excalibur} +\item[ispell]\CTANref{ispell} +\item[jspell]\CTANref{jspell} +\item[spelling.sty]\CTANref{spelling} +\item[\nothtml{\bgroup\rmfamily}\acro{VMS}\nothtml{\egroup} spell]% + \CTANref{vmspell} +\item[winedt]\CTANref{winedt} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-21} + +\Question[Q-wordcount]{How many words have you written?} + +One often has to submit a document (e.g., a paper or a dissertation) +under some sort of constraint about its size. Sensible people set a +constraint in terms of numbers of pages, but there are some that +persist in limiting the numbers of words you type. + +A simple solution to the requirement can be achieved following a +simple observation: the powers that be are unlikely to count all the +words of a document submitted to them. Therefore, a statistical +method can be employed: find how many words there are on a full page; +find how many full pages there are in the document (allowing for +displays of various sorts, this number will probably not be an +integer); multiply the two. However, if the document to be submitted +is to determine the success of the rest of one's life, it takes a +brave person to thumb their nose at authority quite so +comprehensively\dots{} + +The simplest method is to strip out the \AllTeX{} markup, and to count +what's left. On a Unix-like system, this may be done using +\ProgName{detex} and the built-in \ProgName{wc}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +detex <filename> | wc -w +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The technique is beguilingly simple, but it's not terribly accurate + +The \ProgName{latexcount} script does the same sort of job, in one +``step''; being a \ProgName{perl} script, it is in principle rather +easily configured (see documentation inside the script). +Several \Qref*{editors and shells}{Q-editors} offer something similar. + +\ProgName{TeXcount} goes a long way with heuristics for counting, +starting from a \LaTeX{} file; the documentation is comprehensive, and +you may try the script on-line via the % ! line break +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{http://folk.uio.no/einarro/Comp/texwordcount.html}{package home page}. +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + package home page~(see + \URL{http://folk.uio.no/einarro/Comp/texwordcount.html}). +\end{flatversion} + +However, even quite sophisticated stripping of \AllTeX{} markup can +never be entirely reliable: markup itself may contribute typeset +words, or even consume words that appear in the text. + +The \Package{wordcount} package +contains a Bourne shell (i.e., typically Unix) script for running a +\LaTeX{} file with a special piece of supporting \TeX{} code, and then +counting word indications in the log file. This is probably as +accurate automatic counting as you can get, if it works for you. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[detex]\CTANref{detex} +\item[latexcount.pl]\CTANref{latexcount} +\item[TeXcount]\CTANref{texcount} +\item[wordcount]\CTANref{wordcount} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-symbols.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-symbols.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..34f7e5e4be1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-symbols.tex @@ -0,0 +1,587 @@ +% $Id: faq-symbols.tex,v 1.14 2012/01/16 23:37:15 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Symbols, etc.} + +\Question[Q-usesymb]{Using symbols} + +Most symbol font sets come with a package that defines commands for +every symbol in the font. While this is convenient, it can lead to +difficulties, particularly with name clashes when you load packages +that cover fonts which duplicate symbols~--- an issue which is +discussed in +\begin{narrowversion} + \Qref[question]{}{Q-alreadydef}. +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + ``\Qref{symbol already defined}{Q-alreadydef}''. +\end{wideversion} +Some font sets (for example the related set: \FontName{FdSymbol}, +\FontName{MdSymbol} and \FontName{MnSymbol}) are huge, and the +accompanying macros cover so many symbols that name clashes are surely +a serious problem. + +The \Package{pifont} package (originally designed to use the Adobe +\FontName{Zapf Dingbats} font) avoids this sort of problem: it requires +you to know the font position of any symbol you want to use (the +documentation provides font tables). The basic command is +\cmdinvoke*{ding}{number} for a single symbol; there are commands for +other fancier uses. \Package{Pifont} also allows you to select other +fonts, for similar use. + +The \Package{yagusylo} describes itself as ``an extended version of +\Package{pifont}, gone technicolor''. It provides all the facilities +of \Package{pifont}, but allows you to create your own mnemonic names +for symbols. Thus, while you can say % ! line break +\cmdinvoke*{yagding}[family]{symbol number}[colour], you can also +define symbol names with \csx{defdingname}, and then use them +with \cmdinvoke*{yagding*}{symbol name} (the defined name carries the +font family and colour specified in the arguments of +\csx{defdingname}). + +\Package{Yagusylo} is somewhat complicated, but its documentation is +clear; it is probably the best tool to use for picking and choosing +symbols from a variety of font families. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[FdSymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{fdsymbol} +\item[MdSymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mdsymbol} +\item[MnSymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mnsymbol} +\item[pifont.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{psnfss} +\item[yagusylo.sty]\CTANref{yagusylo} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-numbersets]{Symbols for the number sets} + +Mathematicians commonly use special lettering for the real numbers and +other standard number sets. Traditionally these were typeset in bold. +In the ordinary course of events, mathematicians do not have +access to bold chalk, so they invented special symbols that are now +often used for the number sets. Such symbols are known as +``blackboard bold'' (or double-stroked) letters; in place of the heavier +strokes of a bold font, (some) strokes of the letters are doubled. +The minimum useful set is upper-case letters `I', `N', `R', `Q' and +`Z'; some fonts offer a figure `1' (for a unit matrix~--- not a number +set at all). + +A set of blackboard bold capitals is available in the \acro{AMS} +\FontName{msbm} fonts (\FontName{msbm} is available at a range of +design sizes, with names such as \FontName{msbm10}). The \acro{AMS} +actually provides a pair of font +families (the other is called \FontName{msam}), which offer a large number of +mathematical symbols to supplement those provided in Knuth's fonts. +The fonts are available in Type~1 format in +modern distributions. Support for using the fonts under +\LaTeX{} is available in packages \Package{amssymb} and +\Package{amsfonts}. The font shape is a rather +austere sans, which many people don't like (though it captures the +essence of quickly-chalked writing rather well). + +The \FontName{bbold} family is set of blackboard bold fonts written in +\MF{}. This set offers blackboard bold forms of lower-case letters; +the font source directory also contains sources for a \LaTeX{} package +that enables use of the fonts. The fonts are not available in Type~1 format. + +The \FontName{bbm} family claims to provide +`blackboard' versions of most of the \FontName{cm} fonts~\dots{} including +the bold and bold-extended series. Again, the fonts are designed in +\MF{} and are not available in Type~1 format. \LaTeX{} macro support +comes from a package by Torsten Hilbrich. + +The \FontName{doublestroke} family comes in just roman +and sans shapes, at a single weight, and is available both as \MF{} +sources and as Type~1; the font covers the uppercase latin letters, +lowercase `h' and 'k', and the digit `1'. + +A document that shows the \FontName{bbm}, \FontName{bbold}, +\FontName{doublestroke} and \FontName{msbm} fonts, so that you can get +a feel for their appearance, is available (\acro{CTAN} package +\Package{blackboard}). + +An alternative source of Type~1 fonts with blackboard bold characters +may be found in the steadily increasing set of complete families, both +commercial and free, that have been prepared for use with \AllTeX{} +(see % beware line break +\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{choice of outline fonts}{Q-psfchoice}\htmlonly{''}). +Of the free sets, the \FontName{txfonts} and \FontName{pxfonts} families +both come with replicas of \FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm} +(though, as noted elsewhere, there are other reasons not to use these +fonts). The \FontName{mathpazo} family includes a ``mathematically +significant'' choice of blackboard bold characters, and the +\FontName{fourier} fonts contain blackboard bold upper-case letters, +the digit `1', and lower-case `k'. + +The ``lazy person's'' blackboard bold macros: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\R}{{\textsf{R}\hspace*{-0.9ex}% + \rule{0.15ex}{1.5ex}\hspace*{0.9ex}}} +\newcommand{\N}{{\textsf{N}\hspace*{-1.0ex}% + \rule{0.15ex}{1.3ex}\hspace*{1.0ex}}} +\newcommand{\Q}{{\textsf{Q}\hspace*{-1.1ex}% + \rule{0.15ex}{1.5ex}\hspace*{1.1ex}}} +\newcommand{\C}{{\textsf{C}\hspace*{-0.9ex}% + \rule{0.15ex}{1.3ex}\hspace*{0.9ex}}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +are almost acceptable at normal size if the surrounding text is +\FontName{cmr10} (the position of the vertical bar can be affected by +the surrounding font). However, they are not part of a proper maths font, +and do not work in sub- and superscripts. As we've seen, there are +plenty of alternatives: that mythical ``lazy'' person can inevitably +do better than the macros, or anything similar using capital `I' +(which looks even worse!). Voluntary \AllTeX{} effort has redefined +the meaning of laziness (in this respect!). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[AMS support files]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[AMS symbol fonts]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[bbm fonts]\CTANref{bbm} +\item[bbm macros]\CTANref{bbm-macros} +\item[bbold fonts]\CTANref{bbold} +\item[blackboard \nothtml{\rmfamily}evaluation set]\CTANref{blackboard} +\item[doublestroke fonts]\CTANref{doublestroke} +\item[fourier fonts]\CTANref{fourier} +\item[mathpazo fonts]\CTANref{mathpazo} +\item[pxfonts]\CTANref{pxfonts} +\item[txfonts]\CTANref{txfonts} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-scriptfonts]{Better script fonts for maths} + +The font selected by \csx{mathcal} is the only script font `built +in'. However, there are other useful calligraphic fonts included with +modern \TeX{} distributions. +\begin{description} +\item[Euler] The \Package{eucal} package (part of most sensible \TeX{} + distributions; the fonts are part of the \acro{AMS} font set) gives + a slightly curlier font than the default. The package changes the + font that is selected by \csx{mathcal}. + + Type 1 versions of the fonts are available in the \acro{AMS} fonts + distribution. +\item[mathabx] The \FontName{mathabx} bundle provides calligraphic + letters (in both upper and lower case); the fonts were developed in + MetaFont, but a version in Adobe Type 1 format is available. The + bundle's documentation offers a series of comparisons of its + calligraphic set with Computer Modern's (both regular mathematical + and calligraphic letters); the difference are not large. +\item[mnsymbol] The \FontName{mnsymbol} bundle provides (among many + other symbols) a set of calligraphic letters, though (again) they're + rather similar to the default Computer Modern set. +\item[RSFS] The \Package{mathrsfs} package uses a really fancy script + font (the name stands for ``Ralph Smith's Formal Script'') which is + already part of most modern \TeX{} distributions (Type~1 versions of + the font are also provided, courtesy of Taco Hoekwater). The package + creates a new command \csx{mathscr}. +\item[RSFSO] The bundle \Package{rsfso} provides a less dramatically + oblique version of the \acro{RSFS} fonts; the result proves quite + pleasing~--- similar to the effect of the the (commercial) script + font in the Adobe Mathematical Pi collection. +\item[Zapf Chancery] is the standard \PS{} calligraphic font. There + is no package but you can easily make it available by means of the + command +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}% + {m}{it} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} + in your preamble. You may find the font rather too big; if so, you + can use a scaled version of it like this: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{pzc}{} +\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}% + {<-> s * [0.900] pzcmi7t}{} +\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}% + {m}{it} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{pzc}{} +\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}{<-> s * [0.900] pzcmi7t}{} +\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} + Adobe Zapf Chancery (which the above examples use) is distributed in + any but the most basic \PS{} printers. A substantially identical + font (to the extent that the same metrics may be used) is + available from \acro{URW}, called URW Chancery L: it is distributed + with Ghostscript, and as part of the ``URW base35'' bundle; the + \Package{urwchancal} package (which includes virtual fonts to tweak + appearance) provides for its use as a calligraphic font. +\end{description} +Examples of the available styles are linked from the packages' +catalogue entries. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[eucal.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[euler fonts]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript} +\item[mathabx \nothtml{\rmfamily}as \MF{}]\CTANref{mathabx} +\item[mathabx \nothtml{\rmfamily}in Type 1 format]\CTANref{mathabx-type1} +\item[mathrsfs.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{jknappen-macros}[mathrsfs] +\item[mnsymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mnsymbol} +\item[rsfs \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{rsfs} +\item[rsfso \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{rsfso} +\item[Script font examples]\CTANref{mathscript} +\item[urwchancal]\CTANref{urwchancal}[urwchancal] +\item[URW Chancery L]Distributed as part of \CTANref{urw-base35} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-08-17} + +\Question[Q-boldgreek]{Setting bold Greek letters in \LaTeX{}} + +The issue here is complicated by the fact that \csx{mathbf} (the +command for setting bold \emph{text} in \TeX{} maths) affects a select +few mathematical symbols (the uppercase Greek letters). However +lower-case Greek letters behave differently from upper-case Greek +letters (due to Knuth's esoteric font encoding decisions). However, +\csx{mathbf} \emph{can't} be used even for upper-case Greek letters in +the \AMSLaTeX{} \Package{amsmath} package, which +disables this font-switching and you must use one of the techniques +outlined below. + +The \plaintex{} solution \emph{does} work, in a limited way: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\boldmath$\theta$} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +but \csx{boldmath} may not be used in maths mode, so this `solution' +requires arcana such as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$... \mbox{\boldmath$\theta$} ...$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which then causes problems in superscripts, etc. + +These problems may be addressed by using a bold mathematics package. +\begin{itemize} +\item The \Package{bm} package, which is part of the \LaTeX{} tools + distribution, defines a command \csx{bm} which may be used anywhere + in maths mode. +\item The \Package{amsbsy} package (which is part of \AMSLaTeX{}) + defines a command \csx{boldsymbol}, which (though slightly less + comprehensive than \csx{bm}) covers almost all common cases. +\end{itemize} + +All these solutions cover all mathematical symbols, not merely Greek +letters. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bm.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[bm] +\item[amsbsy.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{} \CTANref{amslatex}[amsbsy] +\item[amsmath.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{} + \CTANref{amslatex}[amsmath] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-prinvalint]{The Principal Value Integral symbol} + +This symbol (an integral sign, `crossed') does not appear in any of +the fonts ordinarily available to \AllTeX{} users, but it can be +created by use of the following macros: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice + {\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}% + {\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}% + {\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}% + {\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}% + \!\int} +\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$} + \vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}} +\def\ddashint{\Xint=} +\def\dashint{\Xint-} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice + {\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}% + {\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}% + {\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}% + {\XXint\scriptscriptstyle + \scriptscriptstyle{#1}}% + \!\int} +\def\XXint#1#2#3{{% + \setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$} + \vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}} +\def\ddashint{\Xint=} +\def\dashint{\Xint-} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +\csx{dashint} gives a single-dashed integral sign, \csx{ddashint} a +double-dashed one. + +\Question[Q-underscore]{How to typeset an underscore character} + +The underscore character `\texttt{\_}' is ordinarily used in \TeX{} to +indicate a subscript in maths mode; if you type \texttt{\_}, on its +own, in the course of ordinary text, \TeX{} will complain. The +``proper'' \latex{} command for underscore is \csx{textunderscore}, +but the \latexo{} command \csx{\_} is an established alias. Even so, +if you're writing a document which will contain a large number of +underscore characters, the prospect of typing \csx{\_} for every one +of them will daunt most ordinary people. + +Moderately skilled macro programmers can readily generate a quick hack +to permit typing `\texttt{\_}' to mean `text underscore' (the answer in +\begin{hyperversion} + ``\Qref{defining characters as macros}{Q-activechars}'' +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + \Qref[question]{}{Q-activechars} +\end{flatversion} +uses this example to illustrate its techniques). +However, the code \emph{is} somewhat tricky, and more importantly +there are significant points where it's easy to get it wrong. There +is therefore a package \Package{underscore} which provides a general +solution to this requirement. + +There is a problem, though: \acro{OT}1 text fonts don't contain an +underscore character, unless they're in the typewriter version of the +encoding (used by fixed-width fonts such as \texttt{cmtt}). In place +of such a character, \latex{} (in \acro{OT}1 encoding) uses a short rule +for the command \csx{textunderscore}, but this poses problems +for systems that interpret \acro{PDF}~--- for example those +\acro{PDF}-to-voice systems used by those who find reading difficult. + +So either you must ensure that your underscore characters only occur +in text set in a typewriter font, or you must use a more modern +encoding, such as \acro{T}1, which has the same layout for every font, +and thus an underscore in every font. + +A stable procedure to achieve this is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +% (1) choose a font that is available as T1 +% for example: +\usepackage{lmodern} + +% (2) specify encoding +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + +% (3) load symbol definitions +\usepackage{textcomp} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will provide a command \csx{textunderscore} which robustly +selects the right character. The \Package{underscore} package, +mentioned above, will use this command. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[underscore.sty]\CTANref{underscore} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-08-17} + +\Question[Q-atsign]{How to type an `@' sign?} + +Long ago, some packages used to use the `@' sign as a special +character, so that special measures were needed to type it. While +those packages are still in principle available, few people use them, +and those that do use them have ready access to rather good +documentation. + +Ordinary people (such as the author of this \acro{FAQ}) need only type +`@'. +\LastEdit{2011-08-16} + +\Question[Q-euro]{Typesetting the Euro sign} + +The European currency ``Euro'' (\texteuro {}) is represented by a symbol +of somewhat dubious design, but it's an important currency and +\AllTeX{} users need to typeset it. When the currency first appeared, +typesetting it was a serious problem for \AllTeX{} users; things are +easier now (most fonts have some way of providing a Euro sign), but +this answer provides a summary of methods ``just in case''. + +Note that the Commission of the European Community at first deemed +that the Euro symbol should always be set in a sans-serif font; +fortunately, this eccentric ruling has now been rescinded, and one may +apply best typesetting efforts to making it appear at least slightly +``respectable'' (typographically). + +The \acro{TS}1-encoded \acro{TC} fonts provided as part of the \acro{EC} font +distribution provide Euro glyphs. The fonts are called Text Companion +(\acro{TC}) fonts, and offer the same range +of faces as do the \acro{EC} fonts themselves. The +\Package{textcomp} package provides a \csx{texteuro} command for +accessing the symbol, which selects a symbol to match the surrounding +text. The design of the symbol in the \acro{TC} fonts is not +universally loved\dots{} +Nevertheless, use the \acro{TC} font version of the symbol if you are +producing documents using Knuth's Computer Modern Fonts. + +The each of the \Package{latin9} and \Package{latin10} input encoding +definitions for the \Package{inputenc} package has a euro character +defined (character position 164, occupied in other \acro{ISO} Latin +character sets by the ``currency symbol'' \textcurrency {}, which +ordinary people seldom see except in character-set listings\dots{}). +The \acro{TC} encoding file offers the command \csx{texteuro} for the +character; that command is (probably) \emph{only} available from the +\Package{textcomp} package. + +Use of the \acro{TC} encoding character may therefore made via +\csx{texteuro} or via the Latin-9 or Latin-10 character in ordinary +text. + +Note that there is a Microsoft code page position (128), too, and that has +been added to \Package{inputenc} tables for \acro{CP}1252 and +\acro{CP}1257. (There's another position in \acro{CP}858, which has +it in place of ``dotless i'' in \acro{CP850}; the standardisation of +these things remains within Microsoft, so one can never tell what will +come next\dots{}) + +Outline fonts which contain nothing but Euro symbols are available +(free) from +\href{ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/win/all/eurofont.exe}{Adobe}\nobreakspace--- +the file is packaged as a \ProgName{Windows} self-extracting +executable, but it may be decoded as a \extension{zip} format archive +on other operating systems. +The \Package{euro} bundle contains metrics, \ProgName{dvips} map +files, and macros (for \plaintex{} and \LaTeX{}), for using these +fonts in documents. \LaTeX{} users will find two packages in the +bundle: \Package{eurosans} only offers the sans-serif version (to +conform with the obsolete ruling about sans-serif-only symbols; the +package provides the +command \csx{euro}), whereas \Package{europs} matches the Euro symbol +with the surrounding text (providing the command \csx{EUR}). To use +either package +with the \Package{latin9} encoding, you need to define \csx{texteuro} +as an alias for the euro command the package defines. + +The Adobe fonts are probably the best bet for use in non-Computer +Modern environments. They are apparently designed to fit with Adobe +Times, Helvetica and Courier, but can probably fit with a wider range +of modern fonts. + +The \Package{eurofont} package provides a compendious analysis of the +``problem of the euro symbol'' in its documentation, and offers macros +for configuring the source of the glyphs to be used; however, it seems +rather large for everyday use. + +The \Package{euro-ce} bundle is a rather pleasing \MF{}-only design +providing Euro symbols in a number of shapes. The file +\File{euro-ce.tex}, in the distribution, offers hints as to how a +\plaintex{} user might make use of the fonts. + +Euro symbols are found in several other places, which we list here for +completeness. + +The \Package{marvosym} font contains a Euro symbol (in a number of +typographic styles), among many other good things; the font is +available in both Adobe Type 1 and TrueType formats. + +Other \MF{}-based bundles containing Euro symbols are to be found in +\Package{china2e} (whose primary aim is Chinese dates and suchlike +matters) and the \Package{eurosym} fonts. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[china2e bundle]\CTANref{china2e} +\item[EC fonts]\CTANref{ec} +\item[euro fonts]\CTANref{euro-fonts} +\item[euro-ce fonts]\CTANref{euro-ce} +\item[eurofont.sty]\CTANref{eurofont} +\item[eurosym fonts]\CTANref{eurosym} +\item[marvosym fonts]\CTANref{marvosym-fonts} +\item[textcomp.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution. +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-11-21} + +\Question[Q-tradesyms]{How to get copyright, trademark, etc.} + +The ``\nothtml{Comprehensive symbol list'' (}% beware line break +\Qref{Comprehensive symbol list}{Q-symbols}\latexhtml{)}{''}, lists +the symbol commands \csx{textcopyright}, +\csx{textregistered} and \csx{texttrademark}, which are available in +\acro{TS}1-encoded fonts, and which are enabled using the +\Package{textcomp} package. + +In fact, all three commands are enabled in default \LaTeX{}, but the +glyphs you get aren't terribly beautiful. In particular, +\csx{textregistered} behaves oddly when included in bold text (for +example, in a section heading), since it is composed of a small-caps +letter, which typically degrades to a regular shape letter when asked +to set in a bold font. This means that the glyph becomes a circled +``r'', whereas the proper symbol is a circled ``R''. + +This effect is of course avoided by use of \Package{textcomp}. + +Another problem arises if you want \csx{textregistered} in a +superscript position (to look similar to \csx{texttrademark}). +Using a maths-mode superscript to do this provokes lots of pointless +errors: you \emph{must} use +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\textsuperscript{\textregistered} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-osf]{Using ``old-style'' figures} + +These numbers are also called medieval or lowercase figures and their +use is mostly font-specific. Terminology is confusing since the +lining figures (which are now the default) are a relatively recent +development (19th century) and before they arrived, oldstyle figures +were the norm, even when setting mathematics. (An example is Thomas +Harriot's \emph{Artis Analyticae Praxis} published in 1631). In a +typical old style 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 have descenders and 6 and 8 ascend +above the x-height; sometimes 2 will also ascend (this last seems to +be a variation associated with French typography). + +\LaTeX{} provides a command \cmdinvoke*{oldstylenums}{digits}, which +by default uses an old-style set embedded in Knuth's `math italic' +font. The command isn't sensitive to the font style of surrounding +text: the glyphs are only available to match the normal medium weight +Computer Modern Roman fonts. + +The \Package{textcomp} package changes \csx{oldstylenums} to use the +glyphs in the Text Companion fonts (\LaTeX{} \acro{TS}1 encoding) when +in text mode, and also makes them available using the macros of the +form \csx{text<number>oldstyle}, e.g., \csx{textzerooldstyle}. +(Of course, not all font families can provide this facility.) + +Some font packages (e.g., \Package{mathpazo}) make old-style figures +available and provide explicit support for making them the default: +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[osf]{mathpazo} selects a form where digits are +always old-style in text. The \Package{fontinst} package will +automatically generate ``old-style versions'' of commercial Adobe Type +1 font families for which ``expert'' sets are available. + +It's also possible to make virtual fonts, that offer old-style digits, +from existing font packages. The \FontName{cmolddig} bundle provides +a such a virtual version of Knuth's originals, and the \FontName{eco} +or \FontName{hfoldsty} bundles both provide versions of the \acro{EC} +fonts. The \FontName{lm} family offers old-style figures to OpenType +users (see below), but we have no stable mapping for \FontName{lm} +with old-style digits from the Adobe Type 1 versions of the fonts. + +Originally, oldstyle figures were only to be found the expert sets of +commercial fonts, but now they are increasingly widely available. An +example is Matthew Carter's Georgia font, which has old-style figures +as its normal form (the font was created for inclusion with certain +Microsoft products and is intended for on-screen viewing). + +OpenType fonts have a pair of axes for number variations~--- +proportional/tabular and lining/oldstyle selections are commonly +available. ``Full feature access'' to OpenType fonts, making such +options available to the \AllTeX{} user, is already supported by +\Qref*{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} using, for example, the \Package{fontspec} +package. Similar support is also in the works for +\Qref*{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[cmolddig \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{cmolddig} +\item[eco \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{eco} +\item[fontinst]\CTANref{fontinst} +\item[fontspec.sty]\CTANref{fontspec} +\item[mathpazo \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mathpazo} +\end{ctanrefs} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-t-g-wr.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-t-g-wr.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2c8f88e7d93 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-t-g-wr.tex @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ +% $Id: faq-t-g-wr.tex,v 1.14 2012/10/09 18:26:54 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}} + +\subsection{Getting things to fit} +\Question[Q-enlarge]{Enlarging \TeX{}} + +The \TeX{} error message `capacity exceeded' covers a multitude of +problems. What has been exhausted is listed in brackets after the +error message itself, as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! TeX capacity exceeded, sorry +... [main memory size=263001]. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Most of the time this error can be fixed +\emph{without} enlarging \TeX{}. The most common causes are unmatched braces, +extra-long lines, and poorly-written macros. Extra-long lines are +often introduced when files are transferred incorrectly between +operating systems, and line-endings are not preserved properly (the +tell-tale sign of an extra-long line error is the complaint +that the `|buf_size|' has overflowed). + +If you really need to extend your \TeX{}'s capacity, the proper method +depends on your installation. There is no need (with modern \TeX{} +implementations) to change the defaults in Knuth's \acro{WEB} source; +but if you do need to do so, use a change file to modify the values set in +module 11, recompile your \TeX{} and regenerate all format files. + +Modern implementations allow the sizes of the various bits of \TeX{}'s +memory to be changed semi-dynamically. Some (such as em\TeX{}) allow +the memory parameters to be changed in command-line switches when +\TeX{} is started; most frequently, a configuration file is read which +specifies the size of the memory. On \ProgName{web2c}-based systems, +this file is called \File{texmf.cnf}: see the documentation that comes +with the distribution for other implementations. Almost invariably, +after such a change, the format files need to be regenerated after +changing the memory parameters. + +\Question[Q-usepictex]{Why can't I load \pictex{}?} + +\pictex{} is a resource hog; fortunately, most modern \TeX{} +implementations offer generous amounts of space, and most modern +computers are pretty fast, so users aren't too badly affected by its +performance. + +However, \pictex{} has the further unfortunate tendency to fill up +\TeX{}'s fixed-size arrays~--- notably the array of 256 `dimension' +registers. This is a particular problem when you're using +\File{pictex.sty} with \LaTeX{} and some other packages that also need +dimension registers. When this happens, you will see the \TeX{} error +message: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! No room for a new \dimen. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +There is nothing that can directly be done about this error: you +can't extend the number of available \csx{dimen} registers without +extending \TeX{} itself. +\begin{wideversion} % hyper + \Qref{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex} and \Qref{Omega}{Q-omegaleph} both do this, as + does \Qref{MicroPress Inc's V\TeX{}}{Q-commercial}. +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + \eTeX{} and \ensuremath{\Omega}~--- \Qref[see questions]{}{Q-etex} + \Qref[and]{}{Q-omegaleph} respectively~--- both do this, as does + MicroPress Inc's V\TeX{}~--- \Qref{}{Q-commercial}. +\end{narrowversion} + +It's actually quite practical (with most modern distributions) to use +\eTeX{}'s extended register set: use package \Package{etex} (which +comes with \eTeX{} distributions) and the allocation mechanism is +altered to cope with the larger register set: \pictex{} will now load. + +If you're in some situation where you can't use \eTeX{}, you need to change +\pictex{}; unfortunately \pictex{}'s author is no longer active in the +\TeX{} world, so one must resort to patching. There are two solutions +available. + +The \CONTeXT{} module \File{m-pictex.tex} (for \plaintex{} and +variants) or the corresponding \LaTeX{} \Package{m-pictex} package provide +an ingenious solution to the problem based on hacking the code of +\csx{newdimen} itself. + +Alternatively, Andreas Schrell's \Package{pictexwd} and related +packages replace \pictex{} with a version that uses 33 fewer +\csx{dimen} registers; so use \Package{pictexwd} in place of +\Package{pictex} (either as a \LaTeX{} package, or as a file to read +into \plaintex{}). + +And how does one use \pictex{} anyway, given that the +manual is so \Qref*{hard to come by}{Q-docpictex}? +Fortunately for us all, the \ProgName{MathsPic} +system may be used to translate a somewhat different language into +\pictex{} commands; and the \ProgName{MathsPic} manual is free (and +part of the distribution). \ProgName{MathsPic} is available either as +a \ProgName{Basic} program for \acro{DOS}, or as a \ProgName{Perl} +program for other systems (including Windows, nowadays). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[etex.sty]\CTANref{etex-pkg} +\item[m-pictex.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{context-tmf} +\item[m-pictex.tex]Distributed as part of \CTANref{context-tmf} +\item[MathsPic]\CTANref{mathspic} +\item[pictexwd.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{pictex-addon}[pictexwd] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\subsection{Making things stay where you want them} + +\Question[Q-floats]{Moving tables and figures in \LaTeX{}} + +Tables and figures have a tendency to surprise, by \emph{floating} +away from where they were specified to appear. This is in fact +perfectly ordinary document design; any professional typesetting +package will float figures and tables to where they'll fit without +violating the certain typographic rules. Even if you use the +placement specifier~''\texttt{h}'' (for `here'), the figure or table +will not be +printed `here' if doing so would break the rules; the rules themselves +are pretty simple, and are given on page~198, section~C.9 of the +\LaTeX{} manual. In the worst case, \LaTeX{}'s rules can cause the +floating items to pile up to the extent that you get an error message +saying ``\Qref*{Too many unprocessed floats}{Q-tmupfl}''. +What follows is a simple checklist of things to do to solve these +problems (the checklist talks throughout about figures, but applies +equally well to tables, or to ``non-standard'' floats defined by the +\Package{float} or other packages). +\begin{itemize} +\item Do your figures need to float at all? If not, look at the + recommendations for ``\Qref*{non-floating floats}{Q-figurehere}'' +\item Are the placement parameters on your figures right? The + default (``\texttt{tbp}'') is usually satisfactory, but you can + reasonably change it (for example, to add an ``\texttt{h}''). + Whatever you do, \emph{don't} + omit the ``\texttt{p}'': doing so could cause \LaTeX{} to believe that if you + can't have your figure \emph{here}, you don't want it + \emph{anywhere}. (\LaTeX{} does try to avoid being confused in + this way\dots{}) +\item \LaTeX{}'s own float placement parameters could be preventing + placements that seem entirely ``reasonable'' to you~--- they're + notoriously rather conservative. To encourage \LaTeX{} not to move + your figure, you may need to loosen its demands. (The most important + ones are the ratio of text to float on a given page, but it's + sensible to have a fixed set that changes the whole lot, to meet + every eventuality.) +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\topfraction}{.85} +\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.7} +\renewcommand{\textfraction}{.15} +\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.66} +\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.66} +\renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.66} +\setcounter{topnumber}{9} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{9} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{20} +\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9} +\end{verbatim} + The meanings of these + parameters are described on pages~199--200, section~C.9 of the + \LaTeX{} manual. +\item Are there places in your document where you could `naturally' + put a \csx{clearpage} command? If so, do: the backlog of floats is + cleared after a \csx{clearpage}. (Note that the \csx{chapter} + command in the standard \Class{book} and \Class{report} classes + implicitly executes \csx{clearpage}, so your floats can't wander past + the end of a chapter.) +\item Try the \Package{placeins} package: it defines a + \csx{FloatBarrier} command beyond which floats may not pass. A + package option allows you to declare that floats may not pass a + \csx{section} command, but you can place \csx{FloatBarrier}s wherever + you choose. +\item If you are bothered by floats appearing at the top of the page + (before they are specified in your text), try the \Package{flafter} + package, which avoids this problem by insisting that floats should + always appear after their definition. +\item Have a look at the \LaTeXe{} \Package{afterpage} package. + Its documentation gives as an example the idea + of putting \csx{clearpage} \emph{after} the current page (where it + will clear the backlog, but not cause an ugly gap in your text), but + also admits that the package is somewhat fragile. Use it as a last + resort if the other possibilities below don't help. +\item If you would actually \emph{like} great blocks of floats at the + end of each of your chapters, try the \Package{morefloats} package; + this allows you to increase the number of floating inserts that \LaTeX{} + can handle at one time (from its original value of~18, in + \LaTeXe{}). Note that, even with \etex{}'s greater supply of + registers, there is still a modest limit on the total number of + floating inserts (\etex{} increases the total number of registers + available, but inserts don't work if they are constructed from + registers in the extended range). + + Caveat: if you are using \Package{etex} to increase the number of + registers available, you need to ``reserve'' some inserts for + \Package{morefloats}: something like: + \begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{etex} +\reserveinserts{18} +\usepackage{morefloats} +\end{verbatim} + \end{quote} +\item If you actually \emph{wanted} all your figures to float to the + end (\emph{e.g}., for submitting a draft copy of a paper), don't + rely on \LaTeX{}'s mechanism: get the \Package{endfloat} package to do + the job for you. +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[afterpage.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[afterpage] +\item[endfloat.sty]\CTANref{endfloat} +\item[etex.sty]\CTANref{etex-pkg} +\item[flafter.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution +\item[float.sty]\CTANref{float} +\item[morefloats.sty]\CTANref{morefloats} +\item[placeins.sty]\CTANref{placeins} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-underline]{Underlined text won't break} + +Knuth made no provision for underlining text: he took the view that +underlining is not a typesetting operation, but rather one that +provides emphasis on typewriters, which typically offer but one +typeface. The corresponding technique in typeset text is to switch +from upright to italic text (or vice-versa): the \LaTeX{} command +\csx{emph} does just that to its argument. + +Nevertheless, typographically illiterate people (such as those that +specify double-spaced +\nothtml{thesis styles~--- }\Qref{thesis styles}{Q-linespace}) +continue to require underlining of us, so \LaTeX{} as distributed +defines an \csx{underline} command that applies the mathematical +`underbar' operation to text. This technique is not entirely +satisfactory, however: the text gets stuck into a box, and won't break +at line end. + +Two packages are available that solve this problem. The +\Package{ulem} package redefines the +\csx{emph} command to underline its argument; the underlined text thus +produced behaves as ordinary emphasised text, and will break over the +end of a line. (The package is capable of other peculiar effects, +too: read its documentation.) +The \Package{soul} package defines an \csx{ul} command (after which the +package is, in part, named) that underlines running text. + +Beware of \Package{ulem}'s default behaviour, which is to convert the +\csx{emph} command into an underlining command; this can be avoided by +loading the package with: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[ulem.sty]\CTANref{ulem} +\item[soul.sty]\CTANref{soul} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-widows]{Controlling widows and orphans} + +Widows (the last line of a paragraph at the start of a page) and +orphans (the first line of paragraph at the end of a page) interrupt +the reader's flow, and are generally considered ``bad form''; +\AllTeX{} takes some precautions to avoid them, but completely +automatic prevention is often impossible. If you are typesetting your +own text, consider whether you can bring yourself to change the +wording slightly so that the page break will fall differently. + +The \AllTeX{} page maker, when forming a page, takes account of variables +\csx{widowpenalty} and \csx{clubpenalty} (which relates to orphans!). +These penalties are usually set to the moderate value of \texttt{150}; this +offers mild discouragement of bad breaks. You can increase the values +by saying (for example) \csx{widowpenalty}\texttt{=500}; however, vertical +lists (such as pages are made of) typically have rather little +stretchability or shrinkability, so if the page maker has to balance +the effect of stretching the unstretchable and being penalised, the +penalty will seldom win. Therefore, for typical layouts, there are +only two sensible settings for the penalties: finite (150 or 500, it +doesn't matter which) to allow widows and orphans, and infinite (10000 +or greater) to forbid them. + +The problem can be avoided by allowing the pagemaker to run pages +short, by using the \csx{raggedbottom} directive; however, many +publishers insist on the default \csx{flushbottom}; it is seldom +acceptable to introduce stretchability into the vertical list, except +at points (such as section headings) where the document design +explicitly permits it. + +Once you've exhausted the automatic measures, and have a final draft +you want to ``polish'', you should proceed to manual measures. To +get rid of an orphan is simple: precede the paragraph with +\csx{clearpage} and the paragraph can't start in the wrong place. + +Getting rid of a widow can be more tricky. Options are +\begin{itemize} +\item If the previous page contains a long paragraph with a short last + line, it may be possible to set it `tight': write + \csx{looseness}\texttt{=-1} immediately after the last word of the + paragraph. +\item If that doesn't work, adjusting the page size, using + \cmdinvoke{enlargethispage}{\csx{baselineskip}} to `add a line' to + the page, which may have the effect of getting the whole paragraph + on one page. +\item Reducing the size of the page by + \cmdinvoke{enlargethispage}{-\csx{baselineskip}} may produce a + (more-or-less) acceptable ``two-line widow''. +\end{itemize} +Note that \csx{looseness}\texttt{=1} (which should increase the line +length by one) seldom has the right effect~--- the looser paragraph +typically has a one-word final line, which doesn't look much better +than the original widow. + +\subsection{Things have ``gone away''} + +\Question[Q-oldfontnames]{Old \LaTeX{} font references such as \csx{tenrm}} + +\LaTeXo{} defined a large set of commands for access to the fonts +that it had built in to itself. For example, various flavours of +|cmr| could be found as \csx{fivrm}, \csx{sixrm}, \csx{sevrm}, +\csx{egtrm}, \csx{ninrm}, \csx{tenrm}, \csx{elvrm}, \csx{twlrm}, +\csx{frtnrm}, \csx{svtnrm}, \csx{twtyrm} and \csx{twfvrm}. +These commands were never documented, but certain packages +nevertheless used them to achieve effects they needed. + +Since the commands weren't public, they weren't included in \LaTeXe{}; +to use the unconverted \LaTeXo{} packages under \LaTeXe{}, you need +also to include the \Package{rawfonts} package (which is part of the +\LaTeXe{} distribution). + +\Question[Q-misssymb]{Missing symbol commands} + +You're processing an old document, and some symbol commands such as +\csx{Box} and \csx{lhd} appear no longer to exist. These commands were +present in the core of \LaTeXo{}, but are not in current \LaTeX{}. +They are available in the \Package{latexsym} package (which is part of +the \LaTeX{} distribution), and in the \Package{amsfonts} package +(which is part of the \acro{AMS} distribution, and requires \acro{AMS} +symbol fonts). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[AMS fonts]\CTANref{amsfonts} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-msxy]{Where are the \texttt{msx} and \texttt{msy} fonts?} + +The \FontName{msx} and \FontName{msy} fonts were designed by the +American Mathematical Society in the very early days of \TeX{}, for +use in typesetting papers for mathematical journals. They were +designed using the `old' \MF{}, which wasn't portable and is no longer +available; for a long time they were only available in 300dpi versions +which only imperfectly matched modern printers. The \acro{AMS} has +now redesigned the fonts, using the current version of \MF{}, and the +new versions are called the \FontName{msa} and \FontName{msb} +families. + +Nevertheless, \FontName{msx} and \FontName{msy} continue to turn up. +There may, of course, still be sites that haven't got around to +upgrading; but, even if everyone upgraded, there would still be the +problem of old documents that specify them. + +If you have a \extension{tex} source that requests \FontName{msx} and +\FontName{msy}, the best technique is to edit it so that it requests +\FontName{msa} and \FontName{msb} (you only need to change the single +letter in the font names). + +A partial re-implementation of the blackboard-bold part of the +\FontName{msy} font (covering C, N, R, S and Z, only) is available in +Type~1 format; if your mathematical needs only extend that far, the +font could be a good choice. + +If you have a \acro{DVI} file that requests the fonts, there is a package +of \Qref*{virtual fonts}{Q-virtualfonts} to map the old to the new series. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[msam \& msbm \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts} +\item[msym \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{msym} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}virtual font set]\CTANref{msx2msa} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-09} + +%%%???%%% spell-checked to here....zzzyx + +\Question[Q-amfonts]{Where are the \texttt{am} fonts?} + +One \emph{still} occasionally comes across a request for the \FontName{am} +series of fonts. The initials stood for `Almost [Computer] Modern', +and they were the predecessors of the Computer Modern fonts that we +all know and love (or hate)% +\begin{footnoteenv} + The fonts acquired their label `Almost' following the realisation + that their first implementation in \MF{}79 still wasn't quite right; + Knuth's original intention had been that they were the final answer. +\end{footnoteenv}. +There's not a lot one can do with these +fonts; they are (as their name implies) almost (but not quite) the +same as the \FontName{cm} series; if you're faced with a document that requests +them, the only reasonable approach is to edit the document to replace +\FontName{am*} font names with \FontName{cm*}. + +The appearance of \acro{DVI} files that request them is sufficiently +rare that no-one has undertaken the mammoth task of creating a +translation of them by means of virtual fonts. + +You therefore have to fool the system into using \FontName{cm*} fonts +where the original author specified \FontName{am*}. + +One option is the font substitutions that many +\acro{DVI} drivers provide via their configuration file~--- +specify that every \FontName{am} font should be replaced by its +corresponding \FontName{cm} font. + +Alternatively, one may try \acro{DVI} editing~--- packages +\Package{dtl} (\acro{DVI} Text Language) and \Package{dviasm} +(\acro{DVI} assembler) can both provide round trips from \acro{DVI} to +text and back to \acro{DVI}. One therefore edits font names +(throughout the text representation of the file) in the middle of that +round trip. + +The \acro{DTL} text is pretty straightforward, for this purpose: +fontnames are in single quotes at the end of lines, so: +\begin{quote} + \texttt{dv2dt -o} \meta{doc.txt} \meta{doc.dvi}\\ + (\emph{edit the \extension{txt} file})\\ + \texttt{dt2dv -o} \meta{edited.dvi} \meta{edited.txt} +\end{quote} +(you have to compile the \acro{C} programs for this). + +\ProgName{Dviasm} is a \ProgName{Python} script; its output has font +names in a section near the start of the document, and then dotted +about through the body, so: +\begin{quote} + \texttt{python dviasm.py -o} \meta{doc.txt} \meta{doc.dvi}\\ + (\emph{edit the \extension{txt} file})\\ + \texttt{python dviasm.py -o} \meta{edited.dvi} \meta{edited.txt} +\end{quote} +Both routes seem acceptable ways forward; it is a matter of taste +which any particular user may choose (it's not likely that it will be +necessary very often...). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dviasm.py]\CTANref{dviasm} +\item[dtl]\CTANref{dtl} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-initex]{What's happened to \ProgName{initex}?} + +In the beginning, \AllTeX{} was stretching the capacity of every +system it was ported to, so there was a premium on reducing the size +of executables. One way of doing this was to have a separate +executable, \ProgName{initex}, that had things in it that aren't +needed in ordinary document runs~--- notably \csx{patterns} (which +builds hyphenation tables), and \csx{dump} (which writes out a format). + +On modern systems, the size of this code is insignificant in +comparison to the memory available, and maintaining separate programs +has been found sufficiently error-prone that free Unix-style system +distributions have abolished \ProgName{initex} and its friends and +relations such as \ProgName{inipdftex} in favour of a single +executable (that is, just \ProgName{tex} or \ProgName{pdftex}) that +will ``do what \ProgName{initex} (or whatever) used to do'' if it +detects the command option ``\texttt{-ini}''. + +The change happened with the advent of te\TeX{} version +3.0, which appeared at the beginning of 2005. At that time, +\texlive{} was following te\TeX{}, so that year's \texlive{} +distribution would also have dropped \ProgName{initex}. + +It would appear that the equation is somewhat different for the +\miktex{} developers, since that system continues to offer an +\ProgName{initex} executable. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-texsys.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-texsys.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..03f58520ef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-texsys.tex @@ -0,0 +1,519 @@ +% $Id: faq-texsys.tex,v 1.15 2012/10/24 17:42:35 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{\TeX{} Systems} + +\Question[Q-TeXsystems]{\AllTeX{} for different machines} + +We list here the free or shareware packages; +\htmlignore +a later \Qref{question}{Q-commercial} discusses commercial \tex{} products. +\endhtmlignore +\begin{htmlversion} + another question addresses + \Qref{commercial \TeX{} vendors'}{Q-commercial} products. +\end{htmlversion} + +The list is provided in four answers: +\begin{itemize} +\item \TeX{} systems for use with + \Qref*{Unix and \acro{GNU} Linux systems}{Q-sysunix} +\item \TeX{} systems for use with % ! line break + \Qref*{Modern Windows systems}{Q-syswin32} +\item \TeX{} systems for use with % ! line break + \Qref*{Macintosh systems}{Q-sysmac} +\item \TeX{} systems for % ! line break + \Qref*{Other sorts of systems}{Q-sysother} +\end{itemize} + +\Question[Q-sysunix]{Unix and \acro{GNU} Linux systems} + +\begin{quote} + Note that \macosx{}, though it is also a Unix-based system, has + different options; users should refer to the information in + \Qref[question]{Mac systems}{Q-sysmac}. +\end{quote} + +The \TeX{} distribution of choice, for Unix systems (including +\acro{GNU}/Linux and most other free Unix-like systems) is \texlive{}, +which is distributed as part of the \Qref*{\TeX{} collection}{Q-CD}. + +\texlive{} may also be installed ``over the network''; a network +installer is provided, and once you have a system (whether installed +from the network or installed off-line from a disc) a manager +(\ProgName{tlmgr}) can both keep your installation up-to-date and add +packages you didn't install at first. + +\texlive{} may be run with no installation at all; the web page % ! line break +\href{http://www.tug.org/texlive/portable.html}{\texlive{} portable usage} +describes the options for installing \texlive{} on a memory stick for +use on another computer, or for using the \texlive{} \acro{DVD} with +no installation at all. + +\tex{}-gpc is a ``back-to-basics'' distribution of \tex{} utilities, +\emph{only} (unlike \texlive{}, no `tailored' package bundles are +provided). It is distributed as source, and compiles with \acro{GNU} +Pascal, thereby coming as close as you're likely to get to Knuth's original +distribution. It is known to work well, but the omission of \etex{} +and \pdftex{} will rule it out of many users' choices. + +A free version of the commercial % ! line break +\Qref*{V\TeX{} extended \TeX{} system}{Q-commercial} is available for +use under Linux. V\TeX{}, among other things, specialises in direct +production of \acro{PDF} from \AllTeX{} input. Sadly, it's no longer +supported, and the ready-built images are made for use with a rather +ancient Linux kernel. + +Finally, the developer of \miktex{} has released a port of the +\PDFTeX{} executable from of that excellent (Windows) system for use +on Linux; get it via % ! line break +\href{http://miktex.org/unx/}{the \miktex{} site}. The \miktex{} +package manager (\ProgName{mpm}), for Linux, is also available from +the same place. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[tex-gpc]\CTANref{tex-gpc} +\item[texlive]Browse \CTANref{texlive} +\item[texlive installer (Unix)]\CTANref{texlive-unix} +\item[vtex]\CTANref{vtex-linux} +\item[vtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}required common files]\CTANref{vtex-common} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-syswin32]{(Modern) Windows systems} + +Windows users nowadays have a real choice, between two excellent +distributions, \miktex{} and \texlive{}. \texlive{} on windows has +only in recent years been a real challenger to the long-established +\miktex{}, and even now \miktex{} has features that \texlive{} lacks. +Both are comprehensive +distributions, offering all the established \tex{} variants (\tex{}, +\pdftex{}~--- both with \etex{} variants~--- as well as \xetex{} and +\luatex{}), together with a wide range of support tools. + +Both \miktex{} and \texlive{} offer management tools, including the +means of keeping an installation ``up-to-date'', by reinstalling +packages that have been updated on \acro{CTAN} (the delay between a +package update appearing, and it being available to the distribution +users) can be as short as a day (and is never very long). + +\miktex{}, by Christian Schenk, is the longer-established of the pair, +and has a large audience of satisfied users; \texlive{} is the +dominant distribution in use in the world of Unix-like systems, and so +its Windows version may be expected to appeal to those who use both +Unix-like and Windows systems. The latest release of \miktex{}~--- +version 2.9~--- requires Windows~XP, or later (so it does not work on +Windows~2000 or earlier). + +Both distributions may be used in a configuration which involves no +installation at all. \miktex{}'s ``portable'' distribution may be +unpacked on a memory stick, and used on any windows computer without +making any direct use of the hard drive. The web page % ! line break +\href{http://www.tug.org/texlive/portable.html}{\texlive{} portable usage} +describes the options for installing \texlive{} on a memory stick, or +for using the \texlive{} \acro{DVD} with no installation at all. + +Both \miktex{} and \texlive{} may be downloaded and installed, package +by package, over the net. This is a mammoth undertaking, only to be +undertaken by those with a good network connection (and a patient +disposition!). + +A ready-to-run copy of the \miktex{} distribution, +on \acro{DVD} may be bought via the % ! line break +\href{http://www.miktex.org/cd/}{\miktex{} web site}. \miktex{} may +also be installed using Pro\TeX{}t, on the % ! line break +\Qref*{\TeX{} Collection \acro{DVD}}{Q-CD}. + +The \Qref*{\TeX{} Collection \acro{DVD}}{Q-CD} also provides an +offline installer for \texlive{}. + +\href{http://foundry.supelec.fr/projects/xemtex/}{XEm\TeX{}}, by +Fabrice Popineau (he who created the excellent, but now defunct, +fp\TeX{} distribution), is another integrated distribution of \tex{}, +\latex{}, \CONTeXT{}, \ProgName{XEmacs} and other friends for Windows. +All programs have been compiled natively to take the best advantage of +the Windows environment. Configuration is provided so that the +resulting set of programs runs out-of-the-box, but the distribution is +not actively promoted. + +% this isn't right, but i'm not sure how to deal with it... +% +%% The (Japanese) \acro{W}32\acro{TEX} distribution was motivated by +%% the needs of Japanese users (Japanese won't fit in a ``simple'' +%% character set like \acro{ASCII}, but \TeX{} is based on a version of +%% \acro{ASCII}). Despite its origins, \acro{W}32\acro{TEX} is said to +%% be a good bet for Western users, notably those whose disks are short +%% of space: the minimum documented download is as small as +%% 95\,MBytes. Investigate the distribution at +%% \URL{http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/web2c75-e.html} +% +% the url is now http://w32tex.org/current/ + +A further (free) option is available thanks to the +\href{http://www.cygwin.com}{CygWin bundle}, which presents a +Unix-like environment in Windows systems (and also provides an +X-windows server). The (now obsolete) te\TeX{} distribution is +provided as part of the CygWin distribution, but there is a CygWin +build of \texlive{} so you can have a current \tex{} system. \TeX{} +under CygWin is reputedly somewhat slower than native Win32 +implementations such as \miktex{}, and of course the \tex{} +applications behave like Unix-system applications. + +BaKoMa \TeX{}, by Basil Malyshev, is a comprehensive (shareware) +distribution, which focuses on support of Acrobat. The distribution +comes with a bunch of Type~1 fonts packaged to work with BaKoMa +\TeX{}, which further the focus. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[bakoma]\CTANref{bakoma-tex} +\item[miktex]\CTANref{miktex}; % ! line break so only one \CTANref on line + acquire \CTANref{miktex-setup} (also available from the \miktex{} + web site), and read installation instructions from % ! line break + \href{http://www.miktex.org/2.8/setup}{the \miktex{} installation page} +\item[\nothtml{\bgroup\rmfamily}Portable\nothtml{\egroup} miktex]\CTANref{miktex-portable} +\item[protext.exe]\CTANref{protext} +\item[texlive]Browse \CTANref{texlive} +\item[texlive installer (Windows)]\CTANref{texlive-windows} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-03-28} + +\Question[Q-sysmac]{Macintosh systems} + +The \Qref*{\TeX{} collection}{Q-CD} \acro{DVD} includes Mac\TeX{}, +which is a Mac-tailored version of \texlive{}; details may be found on +the \href{http://tug.org/mactex}{\acro{TUG} web site}. If you don't +have the disc, you can download the distribution from \acro{CTAN} (but +note that it's pretty big). Mac\TeX{} is an instance of \texlive{}, +and has a Mac-tailored graphical \texlive{} manager, so that you can +keep your distribution up-to-date. + +Note that installing Mac\TeX{} requires \texttt{root} privilege. This +is a pity, since it offers several extras that aren't available via a +standard \texlive{}, which aren't therefore available to ``ordinary +folk'' at work. For those who don't have \texttt{root} privilege, the +option is to install using the \texlive{} \texttt{tlinstall} utility. + +\href{http://www.trevorrow.com/oztex/}{Oz\TeX{}}, by Andrew Trevorrow, +is a shareware version of \TeX{} for the Macintosh. A \acro{DVI} +previewer and \PS{} driver are also included. +Oz\TeX{} is a Carbon app, so will run under \macosx{} (see +\url{http://www.trevorrow.com/oztex/ozosx.html} for details), but it +is \emph{not} a current version: it doesn't even offer \pdftex{}. A +mailing list is provided by \acro{TUG}: sign up via +\url{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/oztex} + +Another partly shareware program is +\href{http://www.kiffe.com/cmactex.html}{CMac\TeX{}}, put together by +Tom Kiffe. CMac\TeX{} is much closer than Oz\TeX{} to the Unix \TeX{} +model of things (it uses \ProgName{dvips}, for instance). CMac\TeX{} +runs natively under \macosx{}; it includes a port of a version of +\Qref*{Omega}{Q-omegaleph}. + +\begin{flatversion} + A wiki for Mac users is to be found at + \URL{http://mactex-wiki.tug.org/} +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + Further information may be available in the % ! line break + \href{http://mactex-wiki.tug.org/}{MacTeX wiki}. +\end{hyperversion} +The Mac\TeX{}-on-OS~X mailing list is another useful resource for +users; subscribe via the +\href{http://mactex-wiki.tug.org/wiki/index.php?title=TeX_on_Mac_OS_X_mailing_list}{list home page} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[cmactex]\CTANref{cmactex} +\item[mactex]\CTANref{mactex} +\item[oztex]\CTANref{oztex} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-sysother]{Other systems' \tex{} availability} + +For \acro{PC}s, running \MSDOS{} or \acro{OS/}2, Em\TeX{} (by Eberhard +Mattes) offers \LaTeX{}, \BibTeX{}, previewers, and drivers. It is +available as a series of zip archives, with documentation in both +German and English. Appropriate memory managers for using em\TeX{} +with 386 (and better) processors and under pre-'9x Windows, are +included in the distribution. (Em\TeX{} \emph{can} be made to operate +under Windows, but even back when it was ``current'', such use wasn't +very actively encouraged.) + +A version of em\TeX{}, packaged to use a % ! line break +\Qref*{TDS directory structure}{Q-tds}, is separately available as an +em\TeX{} `contribution'. Note that neither em\TeX{} itself, nor +em\TeX{}-\acro{TDS}, is maintained. Users of Microsoft operating +systems, who want an up-to-date \AllTeX{} system, need Win32-based +systems. + +For \acro{PC}s, running \MSDOS{}, a further option is a port of the +Web2C~7.0 implementation, using the \acro{GNU} \ProgName{djgpp} +compiler. While this package is more recent than em\TeX{}, it +nevertheless also offers a rather old instance of \AllTeX{}. + +For \acro{PC}s running \acro{OS/}2, users also have the option of the +free version of the commercial \Qref*{V\TeX{}}{Q-commercial}, which +specialises in direct production of \acro{PDF} from \AllTeX{} input. +(This version is, like the Linux version, unfortunately no longer +supported.) + +For \acro{VAX} systems running Open\acro{VMS}, a \TeX{} distribution +is available \acro{CTAN}, but is almost certainly not the latest (it +is more than 10 years old). Whether a version is even available for +current \acro{VMS} (which typically runs on Intel 64-bit processors) +is not clear, but it seems unlikely. + +For the Atari \acro{ST} and \acro{TT}, \acro{CS}-\TeX{} is available +from \acro{CTAN}; it's offered as a set of \acro{ZOO} archives. + +Amiga users have the option of a full implementations of \TeX{} 3.1 +(Pas\TeX{}) and \MF{} 2.7. + +It's less likely that hobbyists would be running \acro{TOPS}-20 +machines, but since \TeX{} was originally written on a \acro{DEC}-10 +under \acro{WAITS}, the \acro{TOPS}-20 port is another near approach +to Knuth's original environment. Sources are available by anonymous +\texttt{ftp} from \url{ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/pub/web} + \checked{RF}{2010/04/19} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Atari TeX]\CTANref{atari-cstex} +\item[djgpp]\CTANref{djgpp} +\item[emtex]\CTANref{emtex} +\item[emtexTDS]\CTANref{emtextds} +\item[OpenVMS]\CTANref{OpenVMSTeX} +\item[PasTeX]\CTANref{amiga} +\item[vtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}for Linux]\CTANref{vtex-linux} +\item[vtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}for OS/2]\CTANref{vtex-os2} +\item[vtex \nothtml{\rmfamily}required common files]\CTANref{vtex-common} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-editors]{\TeX{}-friendly editors and shells} + +There are good \TeX{}-writing environments and editors for most +operating systems; some are described below, but this is only a +personal selection: +\begin{description} +\item[Unix] The commonest choices are \ProgName{[X]Emacs} or + \ProgName{vim}, though several others are available. + + \href{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html}{\acro{GNU}\nobreakspace\ProgName{emacs}} + and \href{http://www.xemacs.org/}{\ProgName{XEmacs}} are supported + by the \acro{AUC}-\TeX{} + bundle (available from \acro{CTAN}). \acro{AUC}-\TeX{} provides menu + items and control sequences for common constructs, checks syntax, + lays out markup nicely, lets you call \TeX{} and drivers from + within the editor, and everything else like this that you can think + of. Complex, but very powerful. + + \href{http://vim.sourceforge.net}{\ProgName{Vim}} is also highly + configurable (also available for Windows and Macintosh systems). + Many plugins are available to support the needs of the \AllTeX{} user, + including syntax highlighting, calling \TeX{} programs, + auto-insertion and -completion of common \AllTeX{} structures, and + browsing \LaTeX{} help. The scripts \File{auctex.vim} and + \File{bibtex.vim} seem to be the most common recommendations. + + The editor \href{http://nedit.org/}{\ProgName{NEdit}} is also free + and programmable, and is available for Unix systems. An + \acro{AUC}-\TeX{}-alike set of extensions for \ProgName{NEdit} is available + from \acro{CTAN}. + + \ProgName{LaTeX4Jed} provides much enhanced \LaTeX{} support for the + \href{http://www.jedsoft.org/jed/}{\ProgName{jed}} editor. + \ProgName{LaTeX4Jed} is similar to \acro{AUC}-\TeX{}: menus, + shortcuts, templates, syntax highlighting, document outline, + integrated debugging, symbol completion, full integration with + external programs, and more. It was designed with both the beginner + and the advanced LaTeX user in mind. + + The \ProgName{Kile} editor that is provided with the \acro{KDE} + window manager provides \acro{GUI} ``shell-like'' facilities, in a + similar way to the widely-praised \ProgName{Winedt} (see below); + details (and downloads) are available from the project's + \href{http://kile.sourceforge.net/}{home on SourceForge}. + + \acro{TUG} is sponsoring the development of a cross-platform editor + and shell, modelled on the excellent \texshop{} for the Macintosh. + While this program, + \href{http://www.tug.org/texworks/}{\texworks{}}, is still under + development, it is already quite usable: if you're looking for a + \AllTeX{} development environment, and are willing to step beyond + the boundaries, it may be for you. +\item[Windows-32]\ProgName{TeXnicCenter} is a (free) + \TeX{}-oriented development system, uniting a powerful platform for + executing \AllTeX{} and friends with a configurable editor. + + \texworks{} (see above) is also available for Windows systems. + + \ProgName{Winedt}, a shareware package, is also highly spoken of. + It too provides a shell for the use of \TeX{} and related programs, + as well as a powerful and well-configured editor. The editor can + generate its output in \acro{UTF}-8 (to some extent), which is + useful when working with \Qref*{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} (and other + ``next-generation'' \AllTeX{} applications). + + Both \ProgName{emacs} and \ProgName{vim} are available in versions + for Windows systems. +\item[Macintosh] For \macosx{} users, the free tool of choice appears to be + \href{http://pages.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop/index.html}{\texshop{}}, which + combines an editor and a shell with a coherent philosophy of dealing + with \AllTeX{} in the OS~X environment. TeXShop is distributed as + part of the MacTeX system, and will therefore be available out of + the box on machines on which MacTeX has been installed. + + \ProgName{Vim} is also available for use on Macintosh systems. + + The commercial Textures provides an excellent integrated Macintosh + environment with its own editor. More powerful still (as an editor) + is the shareware \ProgName{Alpha} which is extensible enough to let + you perform almost any \TeX{}-related job. It also works well with + Oz\TeX{}. From release 2.2.0 (at least), Textures works under \macosx{}. +\item[\acro{OS/}2] \ProgName{epmtex} offers an \acro{OS/}2-specific shell. +\end{description} +Atari, Amiga and \acro{N}e\acro{XT} users also have nice +environments. \LaTeX{} users looking for \ProgName{make}-like +facilities should review the answer on +\Qref*{Makefiles for \LaTeX{} documents}{Q-make}. + +While many \AllTeX{}-oriented editors can support work on \BibTeX{} +files, there are many systems that provide specific ``database-like'' +access to your \BibTeX{} files~--- +\begin{hyperversion} + see ``\Qref{creating a bibliography file}{Q-buildbib}''. +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + these are discussed in % ! line break + ``\Qref*{creating a bibliography file}{Q-buildbib}''. +\end{flatversion} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[alpha]\CTANref{alpha} +\item[auctex]\CTANref{auctex} +\item[epmtex]\CTANref{epmtex} +\item[LaTeX4Jed]\CTANref{latex4jed} +\item[Nedit LaTeX support]\CTANref{nedit-latex} +\item[TeXnicCenter]\CTANref{texniccenter} +\item[TeXshell]\CTANref{texshell} +\item[TeXtelmExtel]\CTANref{TeXtelmExtel} +\item[winedt]\CTANref{winedt} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-commercial]{Commercial \TeX{} implementations} +\keywords{windows,macintosh,commercial} + +There are many commercial implementations of \TeX{}. The first +appeared not long after \TeX{} itself appeared. + +What follows is probably an incomplete list. Naturally, no warranty or +fitness for purpose is implied by the inclusion of any vendor in this +list. The source of the information is given to provide some clues to +its currency. + +In general, a commercial implementation will come `complete', that is, +with suitable previewers and printer drivers. They normally also have +extensive documentation (\emph{i.e}., not just the \TeX{}book!) and some +sort of support service. In some cases this is a toll free number +(probably applicable only within the \acro{USA} and or Canada), but others +also have email, and normal telephone and fax support. +\begin{description} +\item[\acro{PC}; True\TeX{}] Runs on all versions of Windows. + \begin{quote} + Richard J. Kinch\\ + TrueTeX Software\\ + 7890 Pebble Beach Court\\ + Lake Worth \acro{FL} 33467\\ + \acro{USA}\\[.25\baselineskip] + Tel: +1 561-966-8400\\ + Email: \mailto{kinch@truetex.com}\\ + Web: \URL{http://www.truetex.com/} + \end{quote} + Source: Mail from Richard Kinch, August 2004. +\item[pc\TeX{}] Long-established: pc\TeX{}32 is a Windows implementation. + \begin{quote} + Personal \TeX{} Inc\\ + 725 Greenwich Street, Suite 210 \\ + San Francisco, \acro{CA} 94133\\ + \acro{USA}\\[.25\baselineskip] + Tel: 800-808-7906 (within the \acro{USA})\\ + Tel: +1 415-296-7550\\ + Fax: +1 415-296-7501\\ + Email: \mailto{sales@pctex.com}\\ + Web: \URL{http://www.pctex.com/} + \end{quote} + Source: Personal \TeX{} Inc web site, December 2004 +\item[\acro{PC}; V\TeX{}] \acro{DVI}, \acro{PDF} and \acro{HTML} + backends, Visual Tools and Type 1 fonts + \begin{quote} + MicroPress Inc\\ + 68-30 Harrow Street\\ + Forest Hills, \acro{NY} 11375\\ + \acro{USA}\\[.25\baselineskip] + Tel: +1 718-575-1816\\ + Fax: +1 718-575-8038\\ + Email: \mailto{support@micropress-inc.com}\\ + Web: \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/} + \end{quote} + Source: Mail from MicroPress, Inc., July 1999 +\item[\acro{PC}; Scientific Word] Scientific Word and Scientific Workplace + offer a mechanism for near-\WYSIWYG{} input of \LaTeX{} documents; they + ship with True\TeX{} from Kinch (see above). Queries within the \acro{UK} + and Ireland should be addressed to Scientific Word Ltd., others should be + addressed directly to the publisher, MacKichan Software Inc. + \begin{quote} + Dr Christopher Mabb\\ + Scientific Word Ltd.\\ + 990 Anlaby Road,\\ + Hull,\\ + East Yorkshire,\\ + \acro{HU}4 6\acro{AT}\\ + \acro{UK}\\[0.25\baselineskip] + Tel: 0845 766\,0340 (within the \acro{UK}) \\ + Fax: 0845 603\,9443 (within the \acro{UK}) \\ + Email: \mailto{christopher@sciword.demon.co.uk} \\ + Web: \URL{http://www.sciword.demon.co.uk} + \end{quote} + \begin{quote} + MacKichan Software Inc.\\ + 19307 8th Avenue, Suite C\\ + Poulsbo \acro{WA} 98370-7370\\ + \acro{USA}\\[0.25\baselineskip] + Tel: +1 360 394\,6033\\ + Tel: 877 724\,9673 (within the \acro{USA}) + Fax: +1 360 394\,6039\\ + Email: \mailto{info@mackichan.com}\\ + Web: \URL{http://www.mackichan.com} + \end{quote} + Source: Mail from Christopher Mabb, August 2007 +\item[Macintosh; Textures] ``A \TeX{} system `for the rest of + us'\,''. A beta release of Textures for \macosx{} is + available~--- see \URL{http://www.bluesky.com/news/news_frames.html} + + (Blue Sky also gives away a \MF{} implementation and some + font manipulation tools for Macs.) + \begin{quote} + Blue Sky Research\\ + PO Box 80424\\ + Portland, \acro{OR} 97280\\ + \acro{USA}\\[.25\baselineskip] + Tel: 800-622-8398 (within the \acro{USA})\\ + Tel/Fax: +1 503-222-9571\\ + Fax: +1 503-246-4574\\ + Email: \mailto{sales@bluesky.com}\\ + Web: \URL{http://www.bluesky.com/} + \end{quote} + Source: Mail from Gordon Lee, April 2007 +\item[Amiga\TeX{}] A full implementation for the Commodore Amiga, + including full, on-screen and printing support for all \PS{} + graphics and fonts, IFF raster graphics, automatic font generation, + and all of the standard macros and utilities. + \begin{quote} + Radical Eye Software\\ + \acro{PO} Box 2081\\ + Stanford, \acro{CA} 94309\\ + \acro{USA} + \end{quote} + Source: Mail from Tom Rokicki, November 1994 +\end{description} +\checked{mc}{1994/11/09}% +\checked{RF}{1994/11/24}% + +Note that the company \YandY{} has gone out of business, and \YandY{} +\TeX{} (and support for it) is therefore no longer available. Users +of \YandY{} systems may care to use the self-help +\href*{http://tug.org/pipermail/yandytex/}{mailing list} +that was established in 2003; the remaining usable content of +\YandY{}'s web site is available at \URL{http://www.tug.org/yandy/} + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-the-end.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-the-end.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..549315ed3be --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-the-end.tex @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +% $Id: faq-the-end.tex,v 1.2 2011/10/29 07:29:44 rf10 Exp rf10 $ + +\section{You're still stuck?} + +\Question[Q-noans]{You don't understand the answer} + +While the \acro{FAQ} maintainers don't offer a `help' service, they're +very keen that you understand the answers they've already written. +They're (almost) written ``in a vacuum'', to provide something to +cover a set of questions that have arisen; it's always possible that +they're written in a way that a novice won't understand them. + +Which is where you can help the community. Mail the +\begin{wideversion} + \href{mailto:faq-devel@tex.ac.uk}{maintainers} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + maintainers (at \Email{faq-devel@tex.ac.uk}) +\end{narrowversion} +to report the answer that you find unclear, and (if you can) suggest +what we need to clarify. Time permitting (the team is small and all +its members are busy), we'll try and clarify the answer. This way, +with a bit of luck, we can together improve the value of this resource +to the whole community. + +Note that the \acro{FAQ} development email address is not for +answering questions: it's for you to suggest which questions we should +work on, or new questions we should answer in future editions. + +Those who simply ask questions at that address will be referred to +\mailto{texhax@tug.org} or to \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}. + +\Question[Q-newans]{Submitting new material for the \acro{FAQ}} + +The \acro{FAQ} will never be complete, and we always expect that +there will be people out there who know better than we do about +something or other. We always need to be put right about whatever +we've got wrong, and suggestions for improvements, particularly +covering areas we've missed, are always needed: mail anything you have +to the +\begin{wideversion} + \href{mailto:faq-devel@tex.ac.uk}{maintainers} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} + maintainers (at \Email{faq-devel@tex.ac.uk}) +\end{narrowversion} + +If you have actual material to submit, your contribution is more than +ever welcome. Submission in plain text is entirely acceptable, but +if you're really willing, you may feel free to mark up your submission +in the form needed for the \acro{FAQ} itself. The markup is a +strongly-constrained version of \LaTeX{}~--- the constraints come from +the need to translate the marked-up text to \acro{HTML} on the fly +(and hence pretty efficiently). There is a file \File{markup-syntax} +in the \acro{FAQ} distribution that describes the structure of the +markup, but there's no real substitute for reading at least some of +the source (\File{faqbody.tex}) of the \acro{FAQ} itself. If you +understand \ProgName{Perl}, you may also care to look at the +translation code in \File{texfaq2file} and \File{sanitize.pl} in the +distribution: this isn't the code actually used on the Web site, but +it's a close relation and is kept +up to date for development purposes. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\acro{FAQ} distribution]\CTANref{faq} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-bug]{What to do if you find a bug} + +For a start, make entirely sure you \emph{have} found a bug. +Double-check with books about \TeX{}, \LaTeX{}, or whatever you're using; +compare what you're seeing against the other answers above; ask every +possible person you know who has any \TeX{}-related expertise. +The reasons for all this caution are various. + +If you've found a bug in \TeX{} itself, you're a rare animal indeed. +Don Knuth is so sure of the quality of his code that he offers real +money prizes to finders of bugs; the cheques he writes are +such rare items that they are seldom cashed. If \emph{you} +think you have found a genuine fault in \TeX{} itself (or \MF{}, or the +\acro{CM} fonts, or the \TeX{}book), don't immediately write to Knuth, +however. He only looks at bugs infrequently, and even then +only after they are agreed as bugs by a small vetting team. In the +first instance, contact Barbara Beeton at the \acro{AMS} +(\Email{bnb@ams.org}), or contact +\Qref*{\acro{TUG}}{Q-TUG*}. + +If you've found a bug in \LaTeXe{}, \Qref*{report it}{Q-latexbug} +using mechanisms supplied by the \LaTeX{} team. (Please be +careful to ensure you've got a \LaTeX{} bug, or a bug in one of the +``required'' packages distributed by the \LaTeX{} team.) + +If you've found a bug in a contributed \LaTeX{} package, the best +starting place is usually to ask in the ``usual places for % ! line break +\Qref*{help on-line}{Q-gethelp}, or just possibly one of the % ! line break +\Qref*{specialised mailing lists}{Q-maillists*}. +The author of the package may well answer on-line, but if no-one +offers any help, you may stand a chance if you mail the author +(presuming that you can find an address\dots{}). + +If you've found a bug in \LaTeXo{}, or some other such unsupported +software, your only real hope is \Qref*{help on-line}{Q-gethelp}. + +Failing all else, you may need to pay for +help~--- \acro{TUG} maintains a % ! line break +\href{http://www.tug.org/consultants.html}{register of \TeX{} consultants}. +(This of course requires that you have the resources~--- and a +pressing enough need~--- to hire someone.) + + +\htmlignore +\par +\endhtmlignore +\Question[Q-latexbug]{Reporting a \LaTeX{} bug} +\htmlignore +\par +\endhtmlignore +% +% This here isn't a reference to a question... +\label{lastquestion} + +The \LaTeX{} team supports \LaTeX{}, and will deal with +% beware line wrap +\emph{bona fide} bug reports. Note that the \LaTeX{} team does +\emph{not} deal with contributed packages~--- just the software that +is part of the \LaTeX{} distribution itself: \LaTeX{} and the +``required'' packages. +Furthermore, you need to be slightly +careful to produce a bug report that is usable by the team. The steps +are: + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{1.} Are you still using current \LaTeX{}? Maintenance is only +available for sufficiently up-to-date versions of \LaTeX{}~--- if your +\LaTeX{} is more than two versions out of date, the bug reporting +mechanisms may reject your report. + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{2.} Has your bug already been reported? Browse the +% beware line break +\href{http://www.latex-project.org/cgi-bin/ltxbugs2html?introduction=yes}{\LaTeX{} bugs database}, +to find any earlier instance of your bug. In many cases, the database +will list a work-around. + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{3.} Prepare a % ! line break +\Qref*{``minimum'' file}{Q-minxampl} that exhibits the problem. +Ideally, such a file should contain no contributed packages~--- the +\LaTeX{} team as a whole takes no responsibility for such packages (if +they're supported at all, they're supported by their authors). The +``minimum'' file should be self-sufficient: if a member of the team +should run it in a clean directory, on a system with no contributed +packages, it should replicate your problem. + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{4.} Run your file through \LaTeX{}: the bug +system needs the \extension{log} file that this process creates. + +You now have two possible ways to proceed: either create a mail report +to send to the bug processing mechanism (5, below), or submit your bug +report via the web (7, below). + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{5.} Process the bug-report creation file, using \LaTeX{} itself: +\begin{verbatim} + latex latexbug +\end{verbatim} +\File{latexbug} asks you some questions, and then lets you describe +the bug you've found. It produces an output file \File{latexbug.msg}, +which includes the details you've supplied, your ``minimum'' example +file, and the log file you got after running the example. (I always +need to edit the result before submitting it: typing text into +\File{latexbug} isn't much fun.) + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{6.} Mail the resulting file to +\Email{latex-bugs@latex-project.org}; the subject line of your email +should be the same as the bug title you gave to \File{latexbug}. The +file \File{latexbug.msg} should be included into your message in-line: +attachments are likely to be rejected by the bug processor. + +\nothtml{\noindent}\textbf{7.} Connect to the +% beware line break +\href{http://www.latex-project.org/bugs-upload.html}{latex bugs processing web page} +and enter details of your bug~--- category, summary and full +description, and the two important files (source and log file); note +that members of the \LaTeX{} team \emph{need} your name and email address, as +they may need to discuss the bug with you, or to advise you of a +work-around. + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: t +%%% End: diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-wdidt.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-wdidt.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac786c10aab --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq-wdidt.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1995 @@ +% $Id: faq-wdidt.tex,v 1.23 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ + +\section{Why does it \emph{do} that?} + +\subsection{Common errors} + +\Question[Q-crossref]{\LaTeX{} gets cross-references wrong} + +Sometimes, however many times you run \LaTeX{}, the cross-references +are just wrong. A likely reason is that you have placed the label +before the data for the label was set; if the label is recording a +\csx{caption} command, the \csx{label} command must appear +\emph{after} the \csx{caption} command, or be part of it. For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + <the illustration itself> + \caption{My figure} + \label{myfig} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +is correct, as is +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + <the illustration itself> + \caption{My figure% + \label{myfig}} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +whereas, in +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + <the illustration itself> + \label{myfig} + \caption{My figure} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the label will report the number of the section (or whatever) in which +the surrounding text resides, or the like. + +You can, with the same malign effect, shield the \csx{caption} command +from its associated \csx{label} command, by enclosing the caption in an +environment of its own. This effect will be seen with: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + <the illustration itself> + \caption{A Figure} +\end{figure} +\label{myfig} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +where the \csx{label} definitely \emph{is} after the \csx{caption}, +but because the \environment{figure} environment closed before the +\csx{label} command, the \csx{caption} is no longer ``visible''. + +In summary, the \csx{label} must be \emph{after} the command that +defines it (e.g., \csx{caption}), and if the \csx{caption} is inside +an environment, the \csx{label} must be in there too. +\LastEdit{2012-02-07} + +\Question[Q-newlineargs]{Start of line goes awry} +\keywords{asterisk square bracket start line} + +This answer concerns two sorts of problems: errors of the form +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Missing number, treated as zero. +<to be read again> + p +<*> [perhaps] +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and errors where a single asterisk at the start of a line mysteriously +fails to appear in the typeset output. + +Both problems arise because \texttt{\bsbs } takes optional arguments. The +command \texttt{\bsbs *} means ``break the line here, and inhibit page break +following the line break''; the command \texttt{\bsbs [}\meta{dimen}\texttt{]} +means ``break the line here and add \meta{dimen} extra vertical space +afterwards''. + +The problem arises because \texttt{\bsbs } looks for the next +non-blank thing; the test it uses ignores the end of the line in +your input text, so that \texttt{\bsbs } comes to imagine that you +were giving it a `modifier'. + +An obvious solution is to enclose the stuff at the start of the new +line in braces, typing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\ttfamily + /* C-language comment\\ + {[perhaps]} this could be done better\\ + {*}/ +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This particular example could be coded (without any problems) in +verbatim, but the behaviour does confuse people. + +The problem also appears in maths mode, in arrays and so on. In this +case, large-scale bracketing of things is \emph{not} a good idea; the +\TeX{} primitive \csx{relax} (which does nothing except to block +searches of this nature) may be used. From another +\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{eqnarray} + [a] &=& b \\ + \relax[a] &=& b +\end{eqnarray} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which is a usage this \acro{FAQ} would not recommend, anyway: refer +to the \Qref*{reason not to use \environment{eqnarray}}{Q-eqnarray}. + +Note that the \Package{amsmath} package modifies the behaviour of +\texttt{\bsbs } in maths. With \Package{amsmath}, the +\environment{eqnarray} example doesn't need any special action +(\csx{relax} or braces). +\LastEdit{2012-09-02} + +\Question[Q-verbwithin]{Why doesn't verbatim work within\,\dots{}?} + +The \LaTeX{} verbatim commands work by changing category codes. Knuth +says of this sort of thing ``Some care is needed to get the timing +right\dots{}'', since once the category code has been assigned to a +character, it doesn't change. So \csx{verb} and +\cmdinvoke{begin}{verbatim} have to assume that they are getting the +first look at the parameter text; if they aren't, \TeX{} has already +assigned category codes so that the verbatim command doesn't have a +chance. For example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\verb+\error+ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will work (typesetting `\csx{error}'), but +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\unbrace}[1]{#1} +\unbrace{\verb+\error+} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will not (it will attempt to execute \csx{error}). Other errors one +may encounter are `\csx{verb} ended by end of line', or even the +rather more helpful `\csx{verb} illegal in command argument'. The +same sorts of thing happen with \cmdinvoke{begin}{verbatim} \dots{} +\cmdinvoke{end}{verbatim}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{quoteverbatim} +\ifthenelse{\boolean{foo}}{% +\begin{verbatim} +foobar +\end{verbatim} +}{% +\begin{verbatim} +barfoo +\end{verbatim} +} +\end{quoteverbatim} +\end{quote} +provokes errors like `File ended while scanning use of +\csx{@xverbatim}', as \cmdinvoke{begin}{verbatim} fails to see its +matching \cmdinvoke{end}{verbatim}. + +This is why the \LaTeX{} book insists that verbatim +commands must not appear in the argument of any other command; they +aren't just fragile, they're quite unusable in any ``normal'' command +parameter, +regardless of \Qref*{\csx{protect}ion}{Q-protect}. (The \csx{verb} +command tries hard to detect if you're misusing it; unfortunately, it +can't always do so, and the error message is therefore not reliable as an +indication of problems.) + +The first question to ask yourself is: ``is \csx{verb} actually +necessary?''. +\begin{itemize} +\item If \cmdinvoke{texttt}{\emph{your text}} produces the same result + as \csx{verb}\texttt{+\emph{your text}+}, then there's no need of + \csx{verb} in the first place. +\item If you're using \csx{verb} to typeset a \acro{URL} or email + address or the like, then the \csx{url} command from the + \Package{url} will help: it doesn't suffer from all the problems of + \csx{verb}, though it's still not robust; % ! line break + ``\Qref*{typesetting \acro{URL}s}{Q-setURL}'' offers advice here. +\item If you're putting \csx{verb} into the argument of a boxing + command (such as \csx{fbox}), consider using the \environment{lrbox} + environmen)t: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newsavebox{\mybox} +... +\begin{lrbox}{\mybox} + \verb!VerbatimStuff! +\end{lrbox} +\fbox{\usebox{\mybox}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\end{itemize} + +If you can't avoid verbatim, the \csx{cprotect} command (from the +package \Package{cprotect}) might help. The package manages to make a +macro read a verbatim argument in a ``sanitised'' way by the simple +medium of prefixing the macro with \csx{cprotect}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\cprotect\section{Using \verb|verbatim|} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The package (at the time this author tested it) was still under +development (though it \emph{does} work in this simple case) and +deserves consideration in most cases; the package documentation gives +more details. + +Another way out is to use one of ``argument types'' of the +\csx{NewDocumentCommand} command in the experimental \latex{}3 package +\Package{xparse}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\NewDocumentCommand\cmd{ m v m }{#1 `#2' #3} +\cmd{Command }|\furble|{ isn't defined} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Which gives us: +\begin{quote} + Command \csx{furble} isn't defined +\end{quote} +The ``\texttt{m}'' tag argument specifies a normal mandatory argument, +and the ``\texttt{v}'' specifies one of these verbatim arguments. +As you see, it's implanting a \csx{verb}-style command argument in the +argument sequence of an otherwise ``normal'' sort of command; that +\begin{typesetversion} + `\texttt{\char`\|}' +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} + `\texttt{|}' +\end{htmlversion} +may be any old character that doesn't +conflict with the content of the argument. + +This is pretty neat (even if the verbatim is in an argument of its +own) but the downside is that \Package{xparse} pulls in +the experimental \latex{}3 programming environment +(\Package{l3kernel}) which is pretty big. + +Other than the \Package{cprotect} package, there are three partial +solutions to the problem: +\begin{itemize} +\item Some packages have macros which are designed to be responsive + to verbatim text in their arguments. For example, + the \Package{fancyvrb} package defines a command + \csx{VerbatimFootnotes}, which redefines the \csx{footnotetext} + command, and hence also the behaviour of the \csx{footnote}) + command, in such a way that you can include \csx{verb} commands in + its argument. This approach could in principle be extended to the + arguments of other commands, but it can clash with other packages: + for example, \csx{VerbatimFootnotes} interacts poorly with the + \pkgoption{para} option of the \Package{footmisc} package. + + The \Class{memoir} class defines its \csx{footnote} command so that + it will accept verbatim in its arguments, without any supporting package. +\item The \Package{fancyvrb} package defines a command \csx{SaveVerb}, + with a corresponding \csx{UseVerb} command, that allow you to save + and then to reuse the content of its argument; for details of this + extremely powerful facility, see the package documentation. + + Rather simpler is the \Package{verbdef} package, whose \csx{verbdef} + command defines a (robust) command which expands to the verbatim + argument given. +\item If you have a single character that is giving trouble (in + its absence you could simply use \csx{texttt}), consider using + \csx{string}. \cmdinvoke{texttt}{my\csx{string}\_name} + typesets the same as + \csx{verb+my\_name+}, and will work in the argument of a command. It + won't, however, work in a moving argument, and no amount of + \Qref*{\csx{protect}ion}{Q-protect} will make it work in + such a case. + + A robust alternative is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\chardef\us=`\_ +... +\section{... \texttt{my\us name}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + Such a definition is `naturally' robust; the construction + ``\meta{back-tick}\csx{\meta{char}}'' may be used for any + troublesome character (though it's plainly not necessary for things + like percent signs for which \AllTeX{} already provides + robust macros). +\end{itemize} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[cprotect.sty]\CTANref{cprotect} +\item[fancyvrb.sty]\CTANref{fancyvrb} +\item[l3kernel \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3kernel} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[url.sty]\CTANref{url} +\item[verbdef.sty]\CTANref{verbdef} +\item[xparse.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3packages}[xparse] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-15} + +\Question[Q-noline]{``No line here to end''} + +The error +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion +... for explanation. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +comes in reaction to you giving \LaTeX{} a \texttt{\bsbs } command at a time +when it's not expecting it. The commonest case is where you've +decided you want the label of a list item to be on a line of its own, +so you've written (for example): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{description} +\item[Very long label] \\ + Text... +\end{description} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +% ridiculous coding for sanitize.pl -- careful! +\bsbs {} is actually a rather bad command to use in this case (even if +it worked), since it would force the `paragraph' that's made up of the +text of the item to terminate a line which has nothing on it but the +label. This would lead to an ``\texttt{Underfull }\csx{hbox}'' warning message +(usually with `infinite' badness of 10000); while this message doesn't +do any actual harm other than slowing down your \LaTeX{} run, any +message that doesn't convey any information distracts for no useful +purpose. + +The proper solution to the problem is to write a new sort of +\environment{description} environment, that does just what you're after. (The +\nothtml{\emph{\LaTeX{} Companion}~--- see }% ! line wrap, and next line +\Qref[question]{\emph{\LaTeX{} Companion}}{Q-latex-books}\nothtml{~---} +offers a rather wide selection of variants of these things.) + +The quick-and-easy solution, which avoids the warning, is to write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{description} +\item[Very long label] \hspace*{\fill} \\ + Text... +\end{description} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which fills out the under-full line before forcing its closure. The +\Package{expdlist} package provides the same functionality with its +\csx{breaklabel} command, and \Package{mdwlist} provides it via its +\csx{desclabelstyle} command. + +The other common occasion for the message is when you're using the +\texttt{center} (or \environment{flushleft} or \environment{flushright}) +environment, and have decided you need extra separation between lines +in the environment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{center} + First (heading) line\\ + \\ + body of the centred text... +\end{center} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The solution here is plain: use the \texttt{\bsbs } command in the way it's +supposed to be used, to provide more than just a single line break +space. \texttt{\bsbs } takes an optional argument, which specifies +how much extra space to add; the required effect in the text above can +be had by saying: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{center} + First (heading) line\\[\baselineskip] + body of the centred text... +\end{center} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[expdlist.sty]\CTANref{expdlist} +\item[mdwlist.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[mdwlist] +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2011-06-01} + +% other instances: \[no]linebreak in vertical mode + +\Question[Q-vertspacefloat]{Extra vertical space in floats} + +A common complaint is that extra vertical space has crept into +\environment{figure} or \environment{table} floating environments. +More common still are users who post code that introduces this extra +space, and \emph{haven't noticed the problem}! + +The trouble arises from the fact that the \environment{center} +environment (and its siblings \environment{flushleft} and +\environment{flushright}) are actually based on \LaTeX{}'s +list-handling code; and lists always separate themselves from the +material around them. Meanwhile, there are parameters provided to +adjust the spacing between floating environments and their +surroundings; so if we have: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics{...} + \caption{...} + \end{center} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\nothtml{\noindent}or worse still: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics{...} + \end{center} + \caption{...} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +unwarranted vertical space is going to appear. + +The solution is to let the float and the objects in it position +themselves, and to use ``generic'' layout commands rather than their +list-based encapsulations. +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics{...} + \caption{...} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(which even involves less typing). + +This alternative code will work with any \LaTeX{} package. It will +not work with obsolete (pre-\LaTeXe{}) packages such as +\Package{psfig} or \Package{epsf}~--- see % beware line break +\Qref[question]{graphics inclusion}{Q-impgraph} for discussion of the +genesis of \csx{includegraphics}. +\LastEdit{2012-11-16} + +\Question[Q-2colfltorder]{Two-column float numbers out of order} + +When \LaTeX{} can't place a float immediately, it places it on one of +several ``defer'' lists. If another float of the same type comes +along, and the ``defer'' list for that type still has something in it, +the later float has to wait for everything earlier in the list. + +Now, standard \LaTeX{} has different lists for single-column floats, +and double-column floats; this means that single-column figures can +overtake double-column figures (or vice-versa), and you observe later +figures appear in the document before early ones. The same is true, +of course, for tables, or for any user-defined float. + +The \LaTeX{} team recognise the problem, and provides a package +(\Package{fixltx2e}) to deal with it. \Package{Fixltx2e} amalgamates +the two defer lists, so that floats don't get out of order. + +For those who are still running an older \LaTeX{} distribution, the +package \Package{fix2col} should serve. This package (also by a +member of the \LaTeX{} team) was the basis of the relevant part of +\Package{fixltx2e}. The functionality has also been included in +\Package{dblfloatfix}, which also has code to place full-width floats +at \Qref*{\texttt{[b]} placement}{Q-2colfloat}. + +Once you have loaded the package, no more remains to be done: the +whole requirement is to patch the output routine; no extra commands +are needed. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[dblfloatfix.sty]\CTANref{dblfloatfix} +\item[fix2col.sty]\CTANref{fix2col} +\item[fixltx2e.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-tabacc]{Accents misbehave in \environment{tabbing}} + +So you are constructing a \environment{tabbing} environment, and you +have the need of some diacriticised text~--- perhaps something as simple +as \cmdinvoke{'}{e}~--- and the accent disappears because it has been +interpreted as a \environment{tabbing} command, and everything goes +wrong. + +This is really a rather ghastly feature of the \environment{tabbing} +environment; in order to type accented characters you need to use the +\csx{a} kludge: so \cmdinvoke{a'}{e} inside \environment{tabbing} for +\cmdinvoke{'}{e} outside, and similarly \csx{a`} for \csx{`} and \csx{a=} +for \csx{=}. This whole procedure is of course hideous and +error-prone. + +The simplest alternative is to type in an encoding that has the +diacriticised characters in it, and to use an appropriate encoding +definition file in the \Package{inputenc} package. So for example, +type: +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[latin1]{inputenc}\\ + \texttt{...}\\ + \cmdinvoke{begin}{tabbing}\\ + \texttt{...}\\ + \texttt{...} \csx{>} \texttt{voil\`a} \csx{>} \texttt{...} +\end{quote} +for: +\begin{quote} + \dots{}\quad voil\`a\quad \dots{} +\end{quote} +and the internal mechanisms of the \Package{inputenc} package will put +the right version of the accent command in there. + +A witty reversal of the r\^oles is introduced by the package +\Package{Tabbing} (note the capital ``T''): it provides a +\environment{Tabbing} environment which duplicates +\environment{tabbing}, but all the single-character commands become +complicated objects. So \environment{tabbing}'s \csx{>} becomes +\csx{TAB>}, \csx{=} becomes \csx{TAB=}, and so on. The above trivial +example would therefore become: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{Tabbing} +... +\begin{Tabbing} + ... ... \TAB> voil\`a \TAB> ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[Tabbing.sty]\CTANref{Tabbing} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-alreadydef]{Package reports ``command already defined''} + +You load a pair of packages, and the second reports that one of the +commands it defines is already present. For example, both the +\Package{txfonts} and \Package{amsmath} define a command \csx{iint} +(and \csx{iiint} and so on); so +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +... +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces a string of error messages of the form: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Command \iint already defined. + Or name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual. +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +! LaTeX Error: Command \iint already + defined. Or name \end... illegal, + see p.192 of the manual. +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +As a general rule, things that \Package{amsmath} defines, it defines +well; however, there is a good case for using the \Package{txfonts} +version of \csx{iint}~--- the associated \FontName{tx} fonts have a +double integral symbol that doesn't need to be ``faked'' in the way +\Package{amsmath} does. In the case that you are loading several +symbol packages, every one of which defines the same symbol, you are +likely to experience the problem in a big way (\csx{euro} is a common +victim). + +There are similar cases where one package redefines another's command, +but no error occurs because the redefining package doesn't use +\csx{newcommand}. Often, in such a case, you only notice the change +because you assume the definition given by the first package. The +\Package{amsmath}--\Package{txfonts} packages are just such a pair; +\Package{txfonts} doesn't provoke errors. + +You may deal with the problem by saving and restoring the command. +Macro programmers may care to do this for themselves; for the rest of +us, there's the package \Package{savesym}. The sequence: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{savesym} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\savesymbol{iint} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\restoresymbol{TXF}{iint} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +does the job; restoring the \Package{amsmath} version of the command, +and making the \Package{txfonts} version of the command available as +\csx{TXFiint}. + +Documentation of \Package{savesym} doesn't amount to much: the only +commands are \csx{savesymbol} and \csx{restoresymbol}, as noted above. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[amsmath.sty]Part of \CTANref{amslatex} +\item[savesym.sty]\CTANref{savesym} +\item[txfonts.sty]Part of \CTANref{txfonts} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-zerochap]{Why are my sections numbered 0.1\,\dots{}?} + +This happens when your document is using the standard \Class{book} or +\Class{report} class (or one similar), and you've got a \csx{section} +before your first \csx{chapter}. + +What happens is, that the class numbers sections as % ! line break +``\meta{chapter no}.\meta{section no}'', and until the first +\csx{chapter} has appeared, the chapter number is 0. (If you +use\csx{chapter*}, which doesn't number the chapter it produces, the +problem still arises.) + +If you're doing this, it's possible that the \Class{article} class +is for you; try it and see. Otherwise, put a \csx{chapter} before +your sections, or do away with section numbering by using +\csx{section*} instead. An alternative way of avoiding numbering is +discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{unnumbered sections in the table of contents}{Q-secnumdep}''. + +\Question[Q-breaklinks]{Link text doesn't break at end line} +\keywords{hyperref overfull link} + +When using the \Package{hyperref} package, you make a block of text +``active'' when you define a hyper-link (when the user clicks on +that text, the reader program will divert to the \emph{target} of the +link). + +The \Package{hyperref} package uses a \emph{driver} (in the same way +as the \Package{graphics} package does), to determine how to implement +all that hyper-stuff. + +If you use the driver for \ProgName{dvips} output (presumably you want +to distill the resulting \PS{}), limitations in the way \ProgName{dvips} +deals with the \csx{special} commands mean that \Package{hyperref} +must prevent link anchors from breaking at the end of lines. Other +drivers (notably those for \PDFTeX{} and for \ProgName{dvipdfm}) don't +suffer from this problem. + +The problem may occur in a number of different circumstances. For a +couple of them, there are work-arounds: + +First, if you have an \acro{URL} which is active (so that clicking on +it will activate your web browser to ``go to'' the \acro{URL}). In +this case \Package{hyperref} employs the \Package{url} package to +split up the \acro{URL} (as described in % ! line break +\Qref[question]{typesetting \acro{URL}s}{Q-setURL}), but the +\ProgName{dvips} driver then suppresses the breaks. The way out is +the \Package{breakurl} package, which modifies the \csx{url} command +to produce several smaller pieces, between each of which a line break +is permitted. Each group of pieces, that ends up together in one +line, is converted to a single clickable link. + +Second, if you have a table of contents, list of figure or tables, or +the like, \Package{hyperref} will ordinarily make the titles in the +table of contents, or captions in the lists, active. If the title or +caption is long, it will need to break within the table, but the +\ProgName{dvips} driver will prevent that. In this case, load +\Package{hyperref} with the option \pkgoption{linktocpage}, and only +the page number will be made active. + +Otherwise, if you have a lengthy piece of text that you want active, +you have at present no simple solution: you have to rewrite your text, +or to use a different \acro{PDF} generation mechanism. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[breakurl.sty]\CTANref{breakurl} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-wrongpn]{Page number is wrong at start of page} + +This is a long story, whose sources are deep inside the workings of +\TeX{} itself; it all derives from the \TeX{}'s striving to generate +the best possible output. + +The page number is conventionally stored in \csx{count0}; \LaTeX{} +users see this as the counter \texttt{page}, and may typeset its value +using \csx{thepage}. + +The number (that is to say, \csx{count0}) is only updated when \TeX{} +actually outputs a page. \TeX{} only even tries to do this when it +detects a hint that it may be a good thing to do. From \TeX{}'s point +of view, the end of a paragraph is a good time to consider outputting +a page; it will output a page if it has \emph{more} than a page's +worth of material to output. (Ensuring it always has something in +hand makes some optimisations possible.) As a result, \csx{count0} +(\csx{thepage}) is almost always wrong in the first paragraph of a +page (the exception is where the page number has been ``forcibly'' +changed, either by changing its value directly, or by breaking the +page where \TeX{} wouldn't necessarily have chosen to break). + +\LaTeX{} provides a safe way of referring to the page number, by using +label references. So, rather than writing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Here is page \thepage{}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +you should write: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Here is page \pageref{here}\label{here}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(note: no space between the \csx{pageref} and the \csx{label}, since +that could potentially end up as a page-break space itself, which +rather defeats the purpose of the exercise!). + +\Question[Q-matchbrak]{My brackets don't match} + +\AllTeX{} has a low-level mechanism for matching braces in document +text. This means you can type something like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section{All \emph{OK} now.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and know that the first brace (for the argument of \csx{section}) will +be matched with the last brace, and the internal pair of braces (for +the argument of \csx{emph}) will be matched with each other. It's all +very simple. + +However, \LaTeX{} has a convention of enclosing optional arguments in +brackets, as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[OK]{All \emph{OK} now.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +These brackets are not matched by \TeX{} mechanisms, despite the +superficial similarity of their use. As a result, +straightforward-looking usages like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[All [OK] now]{All \emph{OK} now.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +aren't \acro{OK} at all~--- the optional argument comes to consist of +``All [OK'', and \csx{section} takes the single character ``n'' (of +the first ``now'') as its argument. + +Fortunately, \TeX{}'s scanning mechanisms helps us by accepting the +syntax ``\texttt{\{]\}}'' to `hide' the closing bracket from the +scanning mechanism that \LaTeX{} uses. In practice, the commonest way +to use this facility is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\section[All {[OK]} now]{All \emph{OK} now.} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +since bracing the bracket on its own ``looks odd''. + +\LaTeX{} has another argument syntax, even less regular, where the +argument is enclosed in parentheses, as in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\put(1,2){foo} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(a picture environment command). + +This mechanism is also prone to problems with matching closing +parentheses, but the issue seldom arises since such arguments rarely +contain text. If it were to arise, the same solution (enclosing the +confused characters in braces) would solve the problem. + +\Question[Q-pdf-fig-chars]{Characters disappear from figures in \PDFTeX{}} + +You have a \acro{PDF} figure, which you want to use in your +\PDFLaTeX{} document. When you compile the document, \PDFTeX{} +complains about ``missing glyphs'', and some (or all) of the labelling +text or symbols in the original figure is no longer visible. + +What has happened is: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Your figure file (say \File{fig.pdf}) has a font \File{font.pfb} + embedded in it. +\item \PDFTeX{} notes that it has \File{font.pfb} on disc, and loads + that in place of the copy in \File{fig.pdf}. +\item It turns out that the copy in \File{fig.pdf} has glyphs that + aren't in \File{font.pfb} on disc, so that you get errors while + compiling and you see that characters are missing when you view the + output. (\PDFTeX{} can't know that the fonts are different, since + they have the same name.) +\end{enumerate} +Which is all very undesirable. + +\PDFTeX{} does this to keep file sizes down: suppose you have a +document that loads figures \File{fig1.pdf} and \File{fig2.pdf}; both +of those use font \File{font.pfb}. If \PDFTeX{} takes no action, +there will be \emph{two} copies of \File{font.pfb} in the output. +(If your document also uses the font, there could be three copies.) + +A real case is the \acro{URW} font \File{NimbusRomNo9L-Regu} (a clone +of Times Roman), which is available in a version with Cyrillic +letters, while the version in \TeX{} distributions doesn't have those +letters. Both versions, as distributed, have the same name. + +The simple (``quick and dirty'') solution is to add the command +\begin{quote} + \csx{pdfinclusioncopyfonts}\texttt{=1} +\end{quote} +to the preamble of your document. + +The ``real'' solution is that one or other font should be renamed. In +either case, this would require that you reconfigure some program's +(\TeX{}'s or your drawing package's) font tables~--- inevitably a +tiresome job. + +\Question[Q-emptynum]{I asked for ``empty'', but the page is numbered} + +If you use \cmdinvoke{pagestyle}{empty} and you find some pages are +numbered anyway, you are probably encountering one of the style +decisions built into the standard \LaTeX{} classes: that certain +special pages should always appear with \cmdinvoke{pagestyle}{plain}, +with a page number at the centre of the page foot. The special pages +in question are those (in \Class{article} class) containing a +\csx{maketitle}, or (in \Class{book} and \Class{report} classes) +\csx{chapter} or \csx{part} commands. + +The simple solution is to reissue the page style \emph{after} the +command, with effect for a single page, as, for example (in +\Class{article}): +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\maketitle +\thispagestyle{empty} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or (in \Class{book} or \Class{report}) +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\chapter{foo bar} +\thispagestyle{empty} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +A similar technique doesn't work for a \Class{book} or \Class{report} +\csx{part} command pages. For that, and for other detail, take look +at ``\Qref*{getting rid of page numbers}{Q-nopageno}''. + +\subsection{Common misunderstandings} + +\Question[Q-include]{What's going on in my \csx{include} commands?} + +The original \LaTeX{} provided the \csx{include} command to address the +problem of long documents: with the relatively slow computers of the +time, the companion \csx{includeonly} facility was a boon. With the +vast increase in computer speed, \csx{includeonly} is less valuable +(though it still has its place in some very large projects). +Nevertheless, the facility is retained in current \LaTeX{}, and causes +some confusion to those who misunderstand it. + +In order for \csx{includeonly} to work, \csx{include} makes a separate +\extension{aux} file for each included file, and makes a `checkpoint' of +important parameters (such as page, figure, table and footnote +numbers). As a direct result, it \emph{must} clear the current page +both before and after the \csx{include} command. (The requirement +derives from the difficulties of % ! line break +\begin{hyperversion} + \Qref*{observing page numbers}{Q-wrongpn}.) +\end{hyperversion} +\begin{flatversion} + observing page numbers~--- see \Qref{}{Q-wrongpn}.) +\end{flatversion} +What's more, this mechanism doesn't work if a \csx{include} command +appears in a file that was \csx{include}d itself: \LaTeX{} diagnoses +this as an error. + +So, we can now answer the two commonest questions about \csx{include}: +\begin{itemize} +\item Why does \LaTeX{} throw a page before and after \csx{include} + commands? + + Answer: because it has to. If you don't like it, replace the + \csx{include} command with \csx{input}~--- you won't be able to use + \csx{includeonly} any more, but you probably don't need it anyway, so + don't worry. +\begin{htmlversion} + +\end{htmlversion} +\item Why can't I nest \csx{include}d files?~--- I always used to be + able to under \LaTeXo{}. + + Answer: in fact, you couldn't, even under \LaTeXo{}, but the failure + wasn't diagnosed. However, since you were happy with the behaviour + under \LaTeXo{}, replace the \csx{include} commands with \csx{input} + commands (with \csx{clearpage} as appropriate). +\end{itemize} + + +\Question[Q-paraparam]{Why does it ignore paragraph parameters?} + +When \TeX{} is laying out text, it doesn't work from word to word, or +from line to line; the smallest complete unit it formats is the +paragraph. The paragraph is laid down in a buffer, as it appears, and +isn't touched further until the end-paragraph marker is processed. +It's at this point that the paragraph parameters have effect; and it's +because of this sequence that one often makes mistakes that lead to +the paragraph parameters not doing what one would have hoped (or +expected). + +Consider the following sequence of \LaTeX{}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\raggedright % declaration for ragged text +Here's text to be ranged left in our output, +but it's the only such paragraph, so we now +end the group.} + +Here's more that needn't be ragged... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\TeX{} will open a group, and impose the ragged-setting parameters within +that group; it will then save a couple of sentences of text and +close the group (thus restoring the previous value of the +parameters that \csx{raggedright} set). Then \TeX{} encounters a blank +line, which it knows to treat as a \csx{par} token, so it typesets the +two sentences; but because the enclosing group has now been closed, +the parameter settings have been lost, and the paragraph will be +typeset normally. + +The solution is simple: close the paragraph inside the group, so that +the setting parameters remain in place. An appropriate way of doing +that is to replace the last three lines above with: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +end the group.\par} +Here's more that needn't be ragged... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In this way, the paragraph is completed while \csx{raggedright}'s +parameters are still in force within the enclosing group. + +Another alternative is to define an environment that does the +appropriate job for you. For the above example, \LaTeX{} already +defines an appropriate one: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{flushleft} +Here's text to be ranged left... +\end{flushleft} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +In fact, there are a number of parameters for which \TeX{} only +maintains one value per paragraph. A tiresome one is the set of upper +case/lower case translations, which (oddly enough) constrains +hyphenation of mutilingual texts. Another that regularly creates +confusion is \Qref*{\csx{baselineskip}}{Q-baselinepar}. + +\Question[Q-casechange]{Case-changing oddities} + +\TeX{} provides two primitive commands \csx{uppercase} and +\csx{lowercase} to change the case of text; they're not much used, but +are capable creating confusion. + +The two commands do not expand the text that is their parameter~--- +the result of \cmdinvoke{uppercase}{abc} is `\texttt{ABC}', but +\cmdinvoke{uppercase}{\csx{abc}} is always `\csx{abc}', whatever the +meaning of \csx{abc}. The commands are simply interpreting a table of +equivalences between upper- and lowercase characters. +They have (for example) no mathematical sense, and +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\uppercase{About $y=f(x)$} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will produce +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +ABOUT $Y=F(X)$ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which is probably not what is wanted. + +In addition, \csx{uppercase} and \csx{lowercase} do not deal very well +with non-American characters, for example +\cmdinvoke{uppercase}{\csx{ae}} is the same as \csx{ae}. + +\LaTeX{} provides commands \csx{MakeUppercase} and \csx{MakeLowercase} +which fixes the latter problem. These commands are used in the +standard classes to produce upper case running heads for chapters +and sections. + +Unfortunately \csx{MakeUppercase} and \csx{MakeLowercase} do not solve +the other problems with \csx{uppercase}, so for example a section +title containing \cmdinvoke{begin}{tabular} \dots{} +\cmdinvoke{end}{tabular} will produce a running head containing +\cmdinvoke{begin}{TABULAR}. The simplest solution to this problem is +using a user-defined command, for example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\mytable}{\begin{tabular}... + \end{tabular}} +\section{A section title \protect\mytable{} + with a table} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Note that \csx{mytable} has to be protected, otherwise it will be +expanded and made upper case; you can achieve the same result by +declaring it with \csx{DeclareRobustCommand}, in which case the +\csx{protect} won't be necessary. + +David Carlisle's \Package{textcase} package +addresses many of these problems in a transparent way. It defines +commands \csx{MakeTextUppercase} and \csx{MakeTextLowercase} which do +upper- or lowercase, with the fancier features of the \LaTeX{} +standard \csx{Make*}-commands but without the problems +mentioned above. Load the package with +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[overload]{textcase}, and it will redefine the \LaTeX{} +commands (\emph{not} the \TeX{} primitive commands \csx{uppercase} and +\csx{lowercase}), so that section headings and the like don't produce +broken page headings. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[textcase.sty]\CTANref{textcase} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-splitfoot]{Why does \LaTeX{} split footnotes across pages?} + +\LaTeX{} splits footnotes when it can think of nothing better to do. +Typically, when this happens, the footnote mark is at the bottom of +the page, and the complete footnote would overfill the page. \LaTeX{} +could try to salvage this problem by making the page short of both the +footnote and the line with the footnote mark, but its priorities told +it that splitting the footnote would be preferable. + +As always, the best solution is to change your text so that the +problem doesn't occur in the first place. Consider whether the text +that bears the footnote could move earlier in the current page, or on +to the next page. + +If this isn't possible, you might want to change \LaTeX{}'s perception +of its priorities: they're controlled by +\csx{interfootnotelinepenalty}~--- the larger it is, the less willing +\LaTeX{} is to split footnotes. + +Setting +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\interfootnotelinepenalty=10000 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +inhibits split footnotes altogether, which will cause `\texttt{Underfull} +\csx{vbox}' messages unless you also specify \csx{raggedbottom}. The +default value of the penalty is \texttt{100}, which is rather mild. + +An alternative technique is to juggle with the actual size of the +pages. \csx{enlargethispage} changes the size of the current page by +its argument (for example, you might say +\cmdinvoke{enlargethispage}{\csx{baselineskip}} to add a single line +to the page, but you can use any ordinary \TeX{} length such as +\texttt{15mm} or \texttt{-20pt} as argument). Reducing the size of +the current page could force the offending text to the next page; +increasing the size of the page may allow the footnote to be included +in its entirety. It may be necessary to change the size of more than +one page. + +The \Package{fnbreak} package detects (and generates warnings about) +split footnotes. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[fnbreak.sty]\CTANref{fnbreak} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-marginparside]{Getting \csx{marginpar} on the right side} + +In an ideal world, marginal notes would be in ``analogous'' places on +every page: notes on an even-side page would be in the left margin, +while those on an odd-side page would be in the right margin. A +moment's thought shows that a marginal note on the left needs to be +typeset differently from a marginal note on the right. The \LaTeX{} +\csx{marginpar} command therefore takes two arguments in a +\texttt{twoside} documents: % beware line break +\cmdinvoke*{marginpar}[left text]{right text}. \LaTeX{} uses the +``obvious'' test to +get the \csx{marginpar}s in the correct margin, but a booby-trap arises +because \TeX{} runs its page maker asynchronously. If a +\csx{marginpar} is processed while page \ensuremath{n} is being built, but +doesn't get used until page \ensuremath{n}+1, then the \csx{marginpar} will turn +up on the wrong side of the page. This is an instance of a general +problem: see +% beware line break +``\Qref*{finding if you're on an odd or an even page}{Q-oddpage}''. + +The solution to the problem is for \LaTeX{} to `remember' which side +of the page each \csx{marginpar} \emph{should} be on. The +\Package{mparhack} package does this, using label-like marks stored in +the \extension{aux} file; the \Class{memoir} class does likewise. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[mparhack.sty]\CTANref{mparhack} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-misschar]{Where have my characters gone?} + +You've typed some apparently reasonable text and processed it, but the +result contains no sign of some of the characters you typed. A likely +reason is that the font you selected just doesn't have a +representation for the character in question. + +For example, if I type ``that will be \pounds{}44.00'' into an ordinary +\AllTeX{} document, or if I select the font \texttt{rsfs10} (which contains +uppercase letters only) and type pretty much anything, the \pounds{} +sign, or any lowercase letters or digits will not appear in the +output. There's no actual error message, either: you have to read the +log file, where you'll find cryptic little messages like +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +Missing character: There is no ^^a3 in font cmr10! +Missing character: There is no 3 in font rsfs10! +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +Missing character: + There is no ^^a3 in font cmr10! +Missing character: + There is no 3 in font rsfs10! +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +(the former demonstrating my \TeX{}'s unwillingness to deal in characters +which have the eighth bit set, while the \texttt{rsfs10} example shows that +\TeX{} will log the actual character in error, if it thinks it's +possible). + +Somewhat more understandable are the diagnostics you may get from +\Package{dvips} when using the \acro{OT}1 and \acro{T}1 versions of +fonts that were supplied in Adobe standard encoding: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +dvips: Warning: missing glyph `Delta' +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The process that generates the metrics for using the fonts generates +an instruction to \Package{dvips} to produce these diagnostics, so +that their non-appearance in the printed output is less surprising +than it might be. Quite a few glyphs provided in Knuth's text +encodings and in the Cork encoding are not available in the Adobe +fonts. In these cases, there \emph{is} a typeset sign of the +character: \ProgName{dvips} produces a black rectangle of whatever +size the concocted font file has specified. + +\Question[Q-rerun]{``Rerun'' messages won't go away} + +The \LaTeX{} message ``Rerun to get crossreferences right'' is +supposed to warn the user that the job needs to be processed again, +since labels seem to have changed since the previous run. (\LaTeX{} +compares the labels it has created this time round with what it found +from the previous run when it started; it does this comparison at +\cmdinvoke{end}{document}.) + +Sometimes, the message won't go away: however often you reprocess your +document, \LaTeX{} still tells you that ``Label(s) may have +changed''. This can sometimes be caused by a broken package: both +\Package{footmisc} (with the \pkgoption{perpage} option) and \Package{hyperref} +have been known to give trouble, in the past: if you are using either, +check you have the latest version, and upgrade if possible. + +However, there \emph{is} a rare occasion when this error can happen +as a result of pathological structure of the document itself. Suppose +you have pages numbered in roman, and you add a reference to a label +on page ``ix'' (9). The presence of the reference pushes the thing +referred to onto page ``x'' (10), but since that's a shorter reference +the label moves back to page ``ix'' at the next run. Such a sequence +can obviously not terminate. + +The only solution to this problem is to make a small change to your +document (something as small as adding or deleting a comma will often +be enough). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[footmisc.sty]\CTANref{footmisc} +\item[hyperref.sty]\CTANref{hyperref} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-xspace]{Commands gobble following space} + +People are forever surprised that simple commands gobble the space +after them: this is just the way it is. The effect arises from the +way \TeX{} works, and Lamport describes a solution (place a pair of braces +after a command's invocation) in the description of \LaTeX{} syntax. +Thus the requirement is in effect part of the definition of \LaTeX{}. + +This \acro{FAQ}, +for example, is written with definitions that \emph{require} one to +type \cmdinvoke{fred}{\relax} % the \relax prevents {} being gobbled + % in html production (sigh) +for almost all macro invocations, regardless +of whether the following space is required: however, this \acro{FAQ} +is written by highly dedicated (and, some would say, eccentric) +people. Many users find all those braces become very tedious very +quickly, and would really rather not type them all. + +An alternative structure, that doesn't violate the design of \LaTeX{}, +is to say \csx{fred}\csx{ }~--- the \csx{ } command is ``self +terminating'' (like \texttt{\bsbs }) and you don't need braces after +\emph{it}. Thus one can reduce to one the extra characters one needs +to type. + +If even that one character is too many, the package \Package{xspace} +defines a command \csx{xspace} that guesses whether there should have +been a space after it, and if so introduces that space. So +% beware line wrap +``\texttt{fred\csx{xspace} jim}'' produces ``fred jim'', while +``\texttt{fred\csx{xspace}.\@ jim}'' produces ``fred. jim''. Which +usage would of course be completely pointless; but you can incorporate +\csx{xspace} in your own macros: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xspace} +... +\newcommand{\restenergy}{\ensuremath{mc^2}\xspace} +... +and we find \restenergy available to us... +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{xspace} +... +\newcommand{\restenergy}% + {\ensuremath{mc^2}\xspace} +... +and we find \restenergy available to us... +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +The \csx{xspace} command must be the last thing in your macro +definition (as in the example); it's not completely foolproof, but it +copes with most obvious situations in running text. + +The \Package{xspace} package doesn't save you anything if you only use +a modified macro once or twice within your document. In any case, be +careful with usage of \csx{xspace}~--- it changes your input syntax, +which can be confusing, notably to a collaborating author +(particularly if you create some commands which use it and some which +don't). Of course, no command built into \LaTeX{} or into any +``standard'' class or package will use \csx{xspace}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[xspace.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[xspace] +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-overfull]{\AllTeX{} makes overfull lines} + +When \TeX{} is building a paragraph, it can make several attempts to +get the line-breaking right; on each attempt it runs the same +algorithm, but gives it different parameters. You can affect the way +\TeX{}'s line breaking works by adjusting the parameters: this answer +deals with the ``tolerance'' and stretchability parameters. The other +vital `parameter' is the set of hyphenations to be applied: see +``\Qref*[question]{my words aren't being hyphenated}{Q-nohyph}'' +(and the questions it references) for advice. + +If you're getting an undesired ``overfull box'', what has happened is +that \TeX{} has given up: the parameters you gave it don't allow it to +produce a result that \emph{doesn't} overfill. In this circumstance, +Knuth decided the best thing to do was to produce a warning, and to +allow the user to solve the problem. (The alternative, silently to go +beyond the envelope of ``good taste'' defined for this run of \TeX{}, +would be distasteful to any discerning typographer.) The user can +almost always address the problem by rewriting the text that's +provoking the problem~--- but that's not always possible, and in some +cases it's impossible to solve the problem without adjusting the +parameters. This answer discusses the approaches one might take to +resolution of the problem, on the assumption that you've got the +hyphenation correct. + +The simplest case is where a `small' word fails to break at the end of +a line; pushing the entire word to a new line isn't going to make much +difference, but it might make things just bad enough that \TeX{} won't +do it by default. In such a case on can \emph{try} the \LaTeX{} +\csx{linebreak} command: it may solve the problem, and if it does, it +will save an awful lot of fiddling. Otherwise, one needs to adjust +parameters: to do that we need to recap the details of \TeX{}'s line +breaking mechanisms. + +\TeX{}'s first attempt at breaking lines is performed without even +trying hyphenation: \TeX{} sets its ``tolerance'' of line breaking +oddities to the internal value \csx{pretolerance}, and sees what +happens. If it can't get an acceptable break, \TeX{} adds the +hyphenation points allowed by the current patterns, and tries again +using the internal \csx{tolerance} value. If this pass also fails, and +the internal \csx{emergencystretch} value is positive, \TeX{} will try +a pass that allows \csx{emergencystretch} worth of extra stretchability +to the spaces in each line. + +In principle, therefore, there are three parameters (other than +hyphenation) that you can change: \csx{pretolerance}, \csx{tolerance} +and \csx{emergencystretch}. Both the \texttt{tolerance} values are +simple numbers, and should be set by \TeX{} primitive count +assignment~--- for example +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\pretolerance=150 +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +For both, an ``infinite'' tolerance is represented by the value +\texttt{10}\nothtml{\,}\texttt{000}, but infinite tolerance is rarely +appropriate, since it can lead to very bad line breaks indeed. + +\csx{emergencystretch} is a \TeX{}-internal `dimen' register, and can +be set as normal for dimens in \plaintex{}; in \LaTeX{}, use +\csx{setlength}~--- for example: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The choice of method has time implications~--- each of the +passes takes time, so adding a pass (by changing +\csx{emergencystretch}) is less desirable than suppressing one (by +changing \csx{pretolerance}). However, it's unusual nowadays to find a +computer that's slow enough that the extra passes are really +troublesome. + +In practice, \csx{pretolerance} is rarely used other than to manipulate +the use of hyphenation; \plaintex{} and \LaTeX{} both set its value +to \texttt{100}. To suppress the first scan of paragraphs, set +\csx{pretolerance} to \texttt{-1}. + +\csx{tolerance} is often a good method for adjusting spacing; +\plaintex{} and \LaTeX{} both set its value to \texttt{200}. \LaTeX{}'s +\csx{sloppy} command sets it to \texttt{9999}, as does the +\environment{sloppypar} environment. This value is the largest +available, this side of infinity, and can allow pretty poor-looking +breaks (this author rarely uses \csx{sloppy} ``bare'', though he does +occasionally use \environment{sloppypar}~--- that way, the change of +\csx{tolerance} is confined to the environment). More satisfactory is +to make small changes to \csx{tolerance}, incrementally, and then to look to +see how the change affects the result; very small increases can often +do what's necessary. Remember that \csx{tolerance} is a paragraph +parameter, so you need to ensure it's actually applied~--- see +``\Qref*[question]{ignoring paragraph parameters}{Q-paraparam}''. +\LaTeX{} users could use an environment like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{tolerant}[1]{% + \par\tolerance=#1\relax +}{% + \par +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +enclosing entire paragraphs (or set of paragraphs) in it. + +The value of \csx{emergencystretch} is added to the assumed +stretchability of each line of a paragraph, in a further run of the +paragraph formatter in case that the paragraph can't be made to look +right any other way. (The extra scan happens if +\csx{emergencystretch\textgreater0pt}~--- if it's zero or negative, no gain +could be had from rerunning the paragraph setter.) The example above +set it to \texttt{3em}; the Computer Modern fonts ordinarily fit three +space skips to the \texttt{em}, so the change would allow anything up +to the equivalent of nine extra spaces in each line. In a line with +lots of spaces, this could be reasonable, but with (say) only three +spaces on the line, each could stretch to four times its natural +width. It is therefore clear that \csx{emergencystretch} needs to be +treated with a degree of caution. + +More subtle (but more tricky to manage) are the microtypographic +extensions provided by \PDFTeX{}. Since \PDFTeX{} is the default +`engine' for \LaTeX{} and \CONTeXT{} work in all distributions, +nowadays, the extensions are available to all. There are two +extensions, margin kerning and font expansion; margin kerning only +affects the visual effect of the typeset page, and has little effect +on the ability of the paragraph setter to ``get things right''. +Font expansion works like a subtler version of the trick that +\csx{emergencystretch} plays: \PDFTeX{} `knows' that your current font +may be stretched (or shrunk) to a certain extent, and will do that +``on the fly'' to optimise the setting of a paragraph. This is a +powerful tool in the armoury of the typesetter. + +As mentioned above, the microtypographic extensions are tricky beasts +to control; however, the \Package{microtype} package relieves the user +of the tedious work of specifying how to perform margin adjustments +and how much to scale each font~\dots{}\@ for the fonts the package +knows about; it's a good tool, and users who can take on the +specification of adjustments for yet more fonts are always welcome. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[microtype.sty]\CTANref{microtype} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-exscale]{Maths symbols don't scale up} + +By default, the ``large'' maths symbols stay at the same size +regardless of the font size of the text of the document. There's good +reason for this: the \FontName{cmex} fonts aren't really designed to +scale, so that \TeX{}'s maths placement algorithms don't perform as +well as they might when the fonts are scaled. + +However, this behaviour confounds user expectations, and can lead to +slightly odd-looking documents. If you want the fonts to scale, +despite the warning above, use the \Package{exscale} package~--- just +loading it is enough. +%% +%% (Note: if you are using bitmap versions of the \FontName{cmex} fonts, +%% you will find extra bitmaps are generated. The extended sizes are not +%% ordinarily generated for any other purpose.) +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[exscale.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution. +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-linespread]{Why doesn't \csx{linespread} work?} + +The command \cmdinvoke*{linespread}{factor} is supposed to multiply +the current \csx{baselineskip} by \meta{factor}; but, to all +appearances, it doesn't. + +In fact, the command is equivalent to +\cmdinvoke{renewcommand}{\csx{baselinestretch}}{factor}: written that +way, it somehow feels less surprising that the effect isn't immediate. +The \csx{baselinestretch} factor is only used when a font is selected; +a mere change of \csx{baselinestretch} doesn't change the font, any +more than does the command +\cmdinvoke*{fontsize}{size}{baselineskip}~--- you have to follow +either command with \csx{selectfont}. So: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\fontsize{10}{12}% +\selectfont +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +or: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\linespread{1.2}% +\selectfont +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Of course, a package such as \Package{setspace}, whose job is to +manage the baseline, will deal with all this stuff~--- see +``\Qref*[question]{managing double-spaced documents}{Q-linespace}''. If +you want to avoid \Package{setspace}, beware the behaviour of +linespread changes within a paragraph: read % ! line break +``\Qref*[question]{\csx{baselineskip} is a paragraph parameter}{Q-baselinepar}''. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[setspace.sty]\CTANref{setspace} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-baselinepar]{Only one \csx{baselineskip} per paragraph} + +The \csx{baselineskip}, which determines the space between lines, is +not (as one might hope) a property of a line, but of a paragraph. As +a result, in a \texttt{10pt} (nominal) document (with a default +\csx{baselineskip} of \texttt{12pt}), a single character with a larger +size, as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\Huge A} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will be squashed into the paragraph: \TeX{} will make sure it doesn't +scrape up against the line above, but won't give it ``room to +breathe'', as it does the text at standard size; that is, its size +(\texttt{24.88pt}) is taken account of, but its \csx{baselineskip} +(\texttt{30pt}) isn't. This problem may be solved by a \emph{strut}: +the name comes from movable metal typography, and refers to a spacer +that held the boxes (that contained the metal character shapes) apart. +Every time you change font size, \LaTeX{} redefines the command +\csx{strut} to provide the equivalent of a metal-type strut for the +size chosen. So for the example above, we would type +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Paragraph text ... + {\Huge A\strut} + ... paragraph continues ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +This technique \emph{only} works for such very short intrusions; if +you need several lines, you should convert your intrusion into a +\environment{quote} environment, since it's not possible to provide a +\csx{strut} command for every line of the intrusion, in a sensible +way, so proceed by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{quote} + \Huge A LENGTHY TEXT ... + SHOUTING AT THE READER! +\end{quote} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The contrary case: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Paragraph text ... +{\footnotesize Extended interjection ... + ... into the paragraph.} + ... paragraph continues ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will look wrong, since the \texttt{8pt} interjection will +end up set on the \texttt{12pt} \csx{baselineskip} of the paragraph, +rather than its preferred \texttt{8.5pt}. A \csx{strut} here is no +help: there is no such thing as a ``negative strut'', that draws lines +together, so once more, one falls back on the \environment{quote} to +separate the interjection: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Paragraph text ... +\begin{quote} + \footnotesize Extended interjection ... + ... into the paragraph. +\end{quote} +... paragraph continues ... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The same effect is at work when we have something like: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Paragraph text ... + ... paragraph body ends. +{\footnotesize Comment on the paragraph.} + +Next paragraph starts... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will set the body of the first paragraph on the constricted +\csx{baselineskip} of the \csx{footnotesize} comment. Solve this +problem by ending the initial paragraph before starting the comment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Paragraph text ... + ... paragraph body ends. +\par\noindent +{\footnotesize Comment on the paragraph.} + +Next paragraph starts... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(We suggest \csx{noindent} to make the comment look as if it is part +of the paragraph it discusses; omit \csx{noindent} if that is inappropriate.) + +A variation of the previous issue arises from a paragraph whose size +is different from those around it: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\Large (Extended) IMPORTANT DETAILS ...} + +Main body of text... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Again, the problem is solved by ending the paragraph in the same group +as the text with a different size: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\Large (Extended) IMPORTANT DETAILS ...\par} + +Main body of text... +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +\Question[Q-tocloftwrong]{Numbers too large in table of contents, etc.} + +\LaTeX{} constructs the table of contents, list of figures, tables, +and similar tables, on the basis of a layout specified in the class. +As a result, they do \emph{not} react to the sizes of things in them, +as they would if a \environment{tabular} environment (or something +similar) was used. + +This arrangement can provoke problems, most commonly with deep section +nesting or very large page numbers: the numbers in question just don't +fit in the space allowed for them in the class. + +A separate answer discusses % ! line break +\nothtml{re-designing the tables ---} % ! line break +\Qref{re-designing the tables}{Q-tocloft}\nothtml{ ---} +and those techniques can be employed to make the numbers fit. + +\Question[Q-gutter]{Why is the inside margin so narrow?} + +If you give the standard classes the \pkgoption{twoside} option, the +class sets the margins narrow on the left of odd-numbered pages, and +on the right of even-numbered pages. This is often thought to look +odd, but it is quite right. + +The idea is that the typographic urge for symmetry should also apply +to margins: if you lay an even numbered page to the left of an +odd-numbered one, you will see that you've three equal chunks of +un-printed paper: the left margin of the even page, the right margin +of the odd page, and the two abutting margins together. + +This is all very fine in the abstract, but in practical book(let) +production it only works ``sometimes''. + +If your booklet is produced on double-width paper and stapled, the +effect will be good; if your book(let) is produced using a so-called +``perfect'' binding, the effect will again be good. + +However, almost any ``quality'' book-binder will need some of your +paper to grab hold of, and a book bound in such a way won't exhibit +the treasured symmetry unless you've done something about the margin +settings. + +The packages recommended in % ! line break +``\Qref*{setting up margins}{Q-marginpkgs}'' mostly have provision for +a ``binding offset'' or a ``binding correction''~--- search for +``binding'' in the manuals (\Package{vmargin} doesn't help, here). + +If you're doing the job by hand (see % ! line break +\Qref[question]{manual margin setup}{Q-marginmanual}), the trick is to +calculate your page and margin dimensions as normal, and then: +\begin{itemize} +\item subtract the binding offset from \csx{evensidemargin}, and +\item add the binding offset to \csx{oddsidemargin}. +\end{itemize} +which can be achieved by: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-offset} +\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{offset} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(substituting something sensible like ``\texttt{5mm}'' for +``\texttt{offset}'', above). + +The above may not be the best you can do: you may well choose to +change the \csx{textwidth} in the presence of the binding offset; but +the changes do work for constant \csx{textwidth}. + +\subsection{Why shouldn't I?} + +\Question[Q-t1enc]{Why use \Package{fontenc} rather than \Package{t1enc}?} + +In the very earliest days of \LaTeXe{}, the only way to use the +\acro{T}1 encoding was \Package{t1enc}; with the summer 1994 +``production'' release, the \Package{fontenc} package appeared, and +provided comprehensive support for use of the encoding. + +Nevertheless, the \Package{t1enc} package remains (as part of the +\LaTeXo{} compatibility code), but it does very little: it merely +selects font encoding \acro{T}1, and leaves to the user the business +of generating the character codes required. + +Generating such character codes could be a simple matter, \emph{if} +the \acro{T}1 encoding matched any widely-supported encoding standard, +since in that case, one might expect one's keyboard to generate the +character codes. However, the \acro{T}1 encoding is a mix of several +standard encodings, and includes code points in areas of the table +which standard encodings specifically exclude, so no \acro{T}1 +keyboards have been (or ever will be) manufactured. + +By contrast, the \Package{fontenc} package generates the \acro{T}1 +code points from ordinary \LaTeX{} commands (e.g., it generates the +\texttt{\'e} character codepoint from the command \csx{'}\texttt{e}). +So, unless you have program-generated \acro{T}1 input (which is almost +inconceivable), use \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc} rather than +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}{t1enc}. + +\Question[Q-why-inp-font]{Why bother with \Package{inputenc} and \Package{fontenc}?} + +The standard input encoding for Western Europe (pending the arrival of +Unicode) is \acro{ISO}~8859--1 (commonly known by the standard's +subtitle `Latin-1'). Latin-1 is remarkably close, in the codepoints +it covers, to the \AllTeX{} \acro{T}1 encoding. + +In this circumstance, why should one bother with \Package{inputenc} +and \Package{fontenc}? Since they're pretty exactly mirroring each +other, one could do away with both, and use just \Package{t1enc}, +despite its \Qref*{shortcomings}{Q-t1enc}. + +One doesn't do this for a variety of small reasons: +\begin{description} +\item[Confusion] You've been happily working in this mode, and for + some reason find you're to switch to writing in German: the effect + of using ``\texttt{\ss }'' is somewhat startling, since \acro{T}1 + and Latin-1 treat the codepoint differently. +\item[Compatibility] You find yourself needing to work with a + colleague in Eastern Europe: their keyboard is likely to be set to + produce Latin-2, so that the simple mapping doesn't work. +\item[Traditional \LaTeX{}] You lapse and write something like + \cmdinvoke{'}{e} rather than typing \texttt{\'e}; only \Package{fontenc} + has the means to convert this \LaTeX{} sequence into the \acro{T}1 + character, so an \csx{accent} primitive slips through into the + output, and hyphenation is in danger. +\end{description} +The \Package{inputenc}--\Package{fontenc} combination seems slow and +cumbersome, but it's safe. + +\Question[Q-eqnarray]{Why not use \environment{eqnarray}?} + +The environment \environment{eqnarray} is attractive for the +occasional user of mathematics in \LaTeX{} documents: it seems to +allow aligned systems of equations. Indeed it \emph{does} supply such +things, but it makes a serious mess of spacing. In the system: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{eqnarray} + a & = & b + c \\ + x & = & y - z +\end{eqnarray} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +the spacing around the ``='' signs is \emph{not} that defined in the +metrics for the font from which the glyph comes~--- it's +\csx{arraycolsep}, which may be set to some very odd value for reasons +associated with real arrays elsewhere in the document. + +The user is far better served by the \AMSLaTeX{} bundle, which +provides an \environment{align} environment, which is designed with +the needs of mathematicians in mind (as opposed to the convenience of +\LaTeX{} programmers). For this simple case (\environment{align} and +other \AMSLaTeX{} alignment environments are capable of far greater +things), code as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{align} + a & = b + c \\ + x & = y - z +\end{align} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The matter is discussed in more detail in a % ! line break +\href{http://tug.org/pracjourn/2006-4/madsen/madsen.pdf}{Prac\TeX{} journal paper} +by Lars Madsen; Stefan Kottwitz offers a % ! line break +\href{http://texblog.net/latex-archive/maths/eqnarray-align-environment/}{\tex{} blog entry} +which includes screen shots of the output, convincingly demonstrating +the problem. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[AMSLaTeX]\CTANref{amslatex} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-dolldoll]{Why use \csx{[}\,\dots{}\csx{]} in place of \texttt{\$\$}\,\dots{}\texttt{\$\$}?} + +\LaTeX{} defines inline- and display-maths commands, apparently +duplicating those that derive from the \TeX{} primitive maths +sequences, that maths commands with single (or pairs of) dollar signs. + +As it turns out, \LaTeX{}'s inline maths grouping, % !line break +\csx{(}\texttt{ ... }\csx{)}, has precisely the same effect as the +\TeX{} primitive version \texttt{\$ ... \$}. (Except that +the \LaTeX{} version checks to ensure you don't put \csx{(} and +\csx{)} the wrong way round; this does occasionally detect errors\dots{}.) + +Since this is the case, one often finds \LaTeX{} users, who have some +experience of using \plaintex{}, merely assuming that \LaTeX{}'s +display maths grouping \csx{[}\texttt{ ... }\csx{]} may be replaced by +the \TeX{} primitive display maths \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}. Some +people ``go the whole hog'' and use \cmdinvoke{begin}{displaymath} +\dots{} \cmdinvoke{end}{displaymath} (which ``looks nicer'', in some +sense, and actually \emph{describes} what's being done. + +Unfortunately, they are wrong: if \LaTeX{} code is going to patch display +maths, it can only do so by patching \csx{[} and \csx{]}. The most +obvious way this turns up, is that the class option \pkgoption{fleqn} +simply does not work for equations coded using % ! line break +\texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}, whether you're using the standard classes +alone, or using package \Package{amsmath}. Also, the \csx{[} and +\csx{]} construct has code for rationalising vertical spacing in some extreme +cases; that code is not provided \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}, so if you +use the non-standard version, you may occasionally observe +inconsistent vertical spacing. Similar behaviour can bite if you are +writing a \emph{proof}; placing the ``\acro{QED} symbol'' doesn't work +if it is in \texttt{\$\$}-displayed maths. + +There are more subtle effects (especially with package +\Package{amsmath}), and the simple rule is ``use % ! line break +\csx{[}\texttt{ ... }\csx{]} (at least) whenever displayed maths is +needed in \LaTeX{}''. +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} + +\Question[Q-2letterfontcmd]{What's wrong with \csx{bf}, \csx{it}, etc.?} + +The font-selection commands of \LaTeXo{} were \csx{rm}, \csx{sf}, +\csx{tt}, \csx{it}, \csx{sl}, \csx{em} and \csx{bf}; they were modal +commands, so you used them as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\bf Fred} was {\it here\/}}. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +with the font change enclosed in a group, so as to limit its effect; +note the italic correction command \csx{/} that was necessary at the +end of a section in italics. + +At the release of \LaTeXe{} in summer 1994, these simple commands were +deprecated, but recognising that their use is deeply embedded in the +brains of \LaTeX{} users, the commands themselves remain in \LaTeX{}, +\emph{with their \LaTeXo{} semantics}. Those semantics were part of +the reason they were deprecated: each \csx{\emph{xx}} overrides +any other font settings, keeping only the size. So, for example, +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\bf\it Here we are again\/} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +ignores \csx{bf} and produces text in italic, medium weight (and the +italic correction has a real effect), whereas +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\it\bf happy as can be\/} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +ignores \csx{it} and produces upright text at bold weight (and the +italic correction has nothing to do). The same holds if you mix +\LaTeXe{} font selections with the old style commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\textbf{\tt all good friends} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +ignores the \csx{textbf} that encloses the text, and produces +typewriter text at medium weight. + +So why are these commands deprecated?~--- it is because of confusions +such as that in the last example. The alternative (\LaTeXe{}) +commands are discussed in the rest of this answer. + +\LaTeXe{}'s font commands come in two forms: modal commands and +text-block commands. The default set of modal commands offers weights +\csx{mdseries} and \csx{bfseries}, shapes \csx{upshape}, +\csx{itshape}, \csx{scshape} and \csx{slshape}, and families +\csx{rmfamily}, \csx{sffamily} and \csx{ttfamily}. A font selection +requires a family, a shape and a series (as well as a size, of +course). A few examples +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\bfseries\ttfamily + and jolly good company!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\bfseries\ttfamily and jolly good company!} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +produces bold typewriter text (but note the lack of a % ! line break, big time +\begin{narrowversion} % non hyper version + bold typewriter font~--- \Qref{}{Q-bold-extras}~--- +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} + \Qref{bold typewriter font}{Q-bold-extras} +\end{wideversion} +in the default Computer Modern fonts), or +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\slshape\sffamily + Never mind the weather\/} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\slshape\sffamily Never mind the weather\/} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +(note the italic correction needed on slanted fonts, too). + +\LaTeXe{}'s text block commands take the first two letters of the +modal commands, and form a \csx{text}\emph{\texttt{xx}} command from +them. Thus \csx{bfseries} becomes \cmdinvoke*{textbf}{text}, +\csx{itshape} becomes \cmdinvoke*{textit}{text}, and \csx{ttfamily} +becomes \cmdinvoke*{texttt}{text}. Block commands may be nested, as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\textit{\textbf{Never mind the rain}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +to produce bold italic text (note that the block commands supply +italic corrections where necessary), and they be nested with the +\LaTeXe{} modal commands, too: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\texttt{\bfseries + So long as we're together} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\texttt{\bfseries So long as we're together} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +for bold typewriter, or +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\slshape\textbf{% + Whoops! she goes again}\/} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\slshape \textbf{Whoops! she goes again}\/} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +for a bold slanted instance of the current family (note the italic +correction applied at the end of the modal command group, again). + +The new commands (as noted above) override commands of the same type. +In almost all cases, this merely excludes ludicrous ideas such as +``upright slanted'' fonts, or ``teletype roman'' fonts. There are a +couple of immediate oddities, though. The first is the conflict +between \csx{itshape} (or \csx{slshape}) and \csx{scshape}: while many +claim that an italic small-caps font is typographically unsound, such +fonts do exist. Daniel Taupin's \Package{smallcap} package enables +use of the instances in the \Qref*{\acro{EC} fonts}{Q-ECfonts}, and +similar techniques could be brought to bear on many other font sets. +The second is the conflict between \csx{upshape} and \csx{itshape}: +Knuth actually offers an upright-italic font which \LaTeX{} uses for +the ``\pounds{}'' symbol in the default font set. The combination is +sufficiently weird that, while there's a defined font shape, no +default \LaTeX{} commands exist; to use the shape, the (eccentric) user +needs \LaTeX{}'s simplest font selection commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\fontshape{ui}\selectfont + Tra la la, di dee} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +{\fontshape{ui}\selectfont Tra la la, di dee} +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\end{quote} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[smallcap.sty]\CTANref{smallcap} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-newfont*]{What's wrong with \csx{newfont}?} + +If all else fails, you \emph{can} specify a font using the \LaTeX{} +\csx{newfont} command. The font so specified doesn't fit into the +\LaTeX{} font selection mechanism, but the technique can be tempting +under several circumstances. The command is merely the thinnest of +wrappers around the \csx{font} primitive, and doesn't really fit with +\LaTeX{} at all. A simple, but really rather funny, example of the +problems it poses, may be seen in: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[10pt]{article} +\begin{document} +\newfont{\myfont}{cmr17 scaled 2000} +\myfont +\LaTeX +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(the reader is encouraged to try this). The ``A'' of \csx{LaTeX} pretty +much disappears: \LaTeX{} chooses the size on the ``A'' according to +\emph{its} idea of the font size (10pt), but positions it according to +the dimensions of ``\csx{myfont}'', which is more than three times +that size. + +Another ``\csx{myfont}'' example arises from an entirely different +source. The mini-document: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass{article} +\begin{document} +\newfont{\myfont}{ecrm1000} +{\myfont voil\`a} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +gives you ``German low double quotes'' (under the ``a'') in place of +the grave accent. This happens because \FontName{ecrm1000} is in a +different \Qref*{font encoding}{Q-whatenc} than \LaTeX{} is +expecting~--- if you use the \LaTeX{} \Package{fontenc} package to +select the \acro{EC} fonts, all these tiresome encoding issues are +solved for you, behind the scenes. + +There does however remain a circumstance when you will be tempted to +use \csx{newfont}~--- viz., to get a font size that doesn't fall into +the Knuth standard set of sizes: \LaTeX{} (by default) won't allow you +to use such a size. Don't despair: see the answer % ! line break +``\Qref*{arbitrary font sizes}{Q-fontsize}''. + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq.cls b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq.cls new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a5ae3cdf54e --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq.cls @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +% simple class to format the UK TeX FAQ in two columns + +\ProvidesClass{faq}[2002/03/11 v2.0 UK TeX FAQ] + +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] + +\newif\if@patchversion +\@patchversionfalse +\DeclareOption{patch}{\@patchversiontrue} + +\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}} +\ProcessOptions + +\LoadClass{article} + +\RequirePackage[hyphens,obeyspaces]{url} +\RequirePackage{multicol,faq} + +% now, hack at page layout, taking account of whether we're in a +% single-column version... + +% **************************************** +% * PAGE LAYOUT * +% **************************************** +% +% (This stuff is hacked from SPQR (et al) in baskerv.cls) +% +% SIDE MARGINS: (as is for single column) +\ifsinglecolumn\else +\oddsidemargin -2.5pc \evensidemargin -2.5pc +\marginparwidth 4pc % don't use marginal notes... +\marginparsep 0.5pc % ...in the UK TUG newsletter +\fi + +% VERTICAL SPACING: +\topmargin -0.5in % allow half an inch border +\headheight 0\p@ % we don't bother with headers here ... +\headsep 0\p@ % ... this ain't a publication +\topskip 10\p@ +\footskip 15\p@ + +% DIMENSION OF TEXT: + +% vertical dimension +\textheight \paperheight +\advance\textheight -1.5in +%\textheight 250mm % height of text on a page (A4 paper) + +% horizontal dimension: pro tem, as is for singlcolumn +\ifsinglecolumn\else +\textwidth \paperwidth +\advance\textwidth -1in +%\textwidth 180mm % total width of a page (A4 paper) + +\columnseprule 0.5\p@ % width of line in the inter-column gutter +\columnsep 10mm % space between columns +\tolerance 9999 % make those columns justify +\fi + +% FOOTNOTES: +\footnotesep 6\p@ +\skip\footins 19.5\p@ plus 12\p@ \@minus \p@ + +% page footer: include date if patched version +\def\@twodigit#1{\ifnum#1<10\relax0\fi\number#1} +\def\faq@patched@date{\@arabic\year-\@twodigit\month-\@twodigit\day} +\if@patchversion + \renewcommand\ps@plain{% + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \let\@evenhead\@empty + \let\@oddhead\@empty + \def\@oddfoot{% + \reset@font + \hfil + \faq@patched@date\ : \thepage + \hfil + }% + \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot + } + \let\ps@myplain\ps@plain + \pagestyle{myplain} +\fi +% little patch generated in investigating a request from a user here +% in cambridge +\let\FAQ@@tableofcontents\tableofcontents +\renewcommand\tableofcontents{{% + \let\FAQ@@addvspace\addvspace + \def\addvspace##1{% + \@tempskipa##1\relax + \FAQ@@addvspace{0.1\@tempskipa}% + }% + \FAQ@@tableofcontents +}} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq.sty new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cbe87012536 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faq.sty @@ -0,0 +1,1280 @@ +% $Id: faq.sty,v 1.139 2012/11/10 14:25:12 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% +% This is the LaTeX package that deals with the eccentricities of mark +% up of the UK TeX FAQ. +% +% uses production LaTeX 2e commands +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1994/06/01]% at least! +\ProvidesPackage{faq}[2007/06/08 v2.4 English TeX FAQ macros] + +% this package new requires etex +\@ifundefined{eTeXversion}{% + \PackageError{faq}{This package requires e-TeX}{}% +}{} + +% +% something affecting fonts: do we use only freely available fonts +% (i.e., are we going to make the postscript of this publicly +% available?); the config file could change this setting if +% necessary. things affected herein are the definition of \MP (for +% metapost), which isn't currently doable with free fonts, and +% suppression of boldface versions of the logo fonts. +\newif\ifpublicversion \publicversiontrue + +% +% what fonts are we going to typeset in? +\newif\ifboldmathavail +\InputIfFileExists{faqfont.cfg}% must set \ifboldmathavail if necessary + {\typeout{FAQ -- loading font configuration file faqfont.cfg}} + {% + \RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}% + \RequirePackage{lmodern}% for sans fonts + \RequirePackage{mathptmx} + \RequirePackage{textcomp}% + \AtBeginDocument{% + \let\save@textcurrency\textcurrency + \def\textcurrency{% + {% + \fontfamily{lmr}\selectfont + \save@textcurrency + }% + }% + } + \boldmathavailfalse + \IfFileExists{luximono.sty}% + {\RequirePackage[scaled=0.85]{luximono}}% not using cmtt-alike + {\RequirePackage{sub-luximono}}% load whatever + \DeclareRobustCommand{\$}{\char`\$}% otherwise tries to load tctt.... + \@ifundefined{Dings}{\RequirePackage{pifont}% + \def\Dings{\nopagebreak{\footnotesize + \dingline{167}}}% + }% + {}% + \DeclareRobustCommand\acro[1]{##1\@{}} + } + +% debugging (requires etex, like much of this package) +%\tracingifs=1 + +% suppress bold maths if they're not available +\ifboldmathavail\else\let\boldmath\@empty\fi + +% +% true for pdf output +\newif\ifsinglecolumn + +\RequirePackage{ifpdf} +\ifpdf + \PackageInfo{faq}{1-column PDF output\@gobble} + \expandafter\singlecolumntrue +\else + \PackageInfo{faq}{2-column DVI output\@gobble} + \expandafter\singlecolumnfalse +\fi + +\ifpdf + % suppress font list from pdftex + \RequirePackage{atveryend} + \AtVeryVeryEnd{\batchmode} +\fi + +% +% if we're doing pdf, set up hyperref package and backdoors that avoid +% its sillier byproducts... +\ifpdf + \@ifundefined{pdfavoidoverfull}{}{\pdfavoidoverfull=1} + \let\@faq@@url\url + \urldef\DebianSocialContract\@faq@@url + {http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines} + \RequirePackage[pdftex% + ,colorlinks% + ,pdftitle=The\ UK\ TeX\ FAQ% + ,linkcolor=blue% + ,pdfpagemode=UseNone% + ,pdfstartview=FitH% +% ,bookmarks=false% + ,bookmarksnumbered% + ]{hyperref} + \RequirePackage{pdf14} + \usepackage{thumbpdf} + \pdfstringdefDisableCommands{% + \let\cs\psd@cs + \def\csx#1{\textbackslash#1}% + \def\marg#1{\textbraceleft#1\textbraceright}% + \let\acro\@firstofone + \let\ProgName\@firstofone + \let\Package\@firstofone + \def\meta#1{<#1>}% + % + \def\WYSIWYG{WYSIWYG}% + \def\AMSTeX{AmSTeX}% + \def\BibTeX{BibTeX}% + \def\bibtex{BibTeX}% + \def\PiCTeX{PiCTeX}% + \def\pictex{PiCTeX}% + \def\CDROM{CD-ROM}% + \def\TeXXeT{TeXXeT}% + \def\MLTeX{ML-TeX}% + \def\MP{MetaPost}% + \def\dots{...}% + \def\obracesymbol{\{}% + \def\cbracesymbol{\}}% + \def\,{}% + }% + \begingroup + \lccode`\~=`\|% + \lowercase{\endgroup + \def\psd@cs~#1~{\textbackslash#1}% + }% + % adding table of contents to bookmarks + \let\Orig@tableofcontents\tableofcontents + \def\tableofcontents{% + \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{contents}% + \Orig@tableofcontents + }% + % adding \subsection*{Finding the Files} + \AtBeginDocument{% + \let\Orig@subsection\subsection + \def\subsection{% + \@ifstar{\bookmark@subsectionstar}{\Orig@subsection}% + }% + }% + \def\bookmark@subsectionstar#1{% + \advance\Hy@linkcounter by 1\relax + \pdfbookmark[2]{#1}{subsectionstar.\the\Hy@linkcounter}% + \Orig@subsection*{#1}% + }% +\fi + +% +% general support +%\RequirePackage{calc} +\RequirePackage{microtype} +% +% code for handling logo font +%% \RequirePackage{mflogo} +%% \ifpublicversion +%% \renewcommand{\MP}{Meta\-Post} +%% \let\faq@@MF\MF +%% \def\faq@bx{bx} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand{\MF}{{% +%% \ifx\f@series\faq@bx +%% \expandafter\textmd% +%% \fi +%% {\faq@@MF}% +%% }% +%% } +%% \fi +\DeclareRobustCommand\MF{Meta\-font} +\let\mf\MF +\DeclareRobustCommand\MP{Meta\-post} +\let\mp\MP +\newcommand\ttype{TrueType} +\newcommand\otype{OpenType} +\let\textlogo\textmd +% +% define substitutes for stupid_names +\newcommand\LaTeXo{\latex\,2.09} + \newcommand\latexo{\latex\,2.09} +\newcommand\AMSTeX{AMS\TeX} +\newcommand\AMSLaTeX{AMS\latex} + \newcommand\amslatex{AMS\latex} +\newcommand\BibTeX{Bib\TeX} + \newcommand\bibtex{Bib\TeX} +\newcommand\PiCTeX{PiC\TeX} + \newcommand\pictex{PiC\TeX} + \newcommand\texlive{\TeX{} Live} +% and... +% +% ifthenelse for the undefined references +\RequirePackage{ifthen} +% +% tables are all long'uns +\RequirePackage{booktabs} +% +% we define conditional stuff using Eijkhout's package +\RequirePackage{comment} +\def\CommentCutFile{tmp/comment.cut} % use this in place of ./comment.cut +\excludecomment{htmlversion} +\includecomment{typesetversion} +\ifpdf + \includecomment{pdfversion} + \includecomment{wideversion} + \includecomment{hyperversion} + \excludecomment{flatversion} + \excludecomment{dviversion} + \excludecomment{narrowversion} +\else + \excludecomment{pdfversion} + \excludecomment{wideversion} + \excludecomment{hyperversion} + \includecomment{flatversion} % non-hyper + \includecomment{dviversion} + \includecomment{narrowversion} +\fi +% +% define commands that behave differently according to the above +% \begin{hyperversion} +% \newcommand\quotify[1]{``#1''} +% \end{hyperversion} +% \begin{flatversion} +% \let\quotify\@firstofone +% \end{flatversion} +% +% dummy environment for separating the intro +\newenvironment{introduction}{}{} +% +% but we also want short versions, like LaTeX2HTML's +\let\htmlonly\@gobble +\let\nothtml\@firstofone +\let\latexhtml\@firstoftwo +\ifpdf + \let\narrowonly\@gobble + \let\wideonly\@firstofone + \let\hyperflat\@firstoftwo +\else + \let\narrowonly\@firstofone + \let\wideonly\@gobble + \let\hyperflat\@secondoftwo +\fi +\let\hyperonly\wideonly +\let\flatonly\narrowonly +% +% the little bit(s) of code that's(re) going to be ignored when the +% html is generated are enclosed by the following two commands +\let\htmlignore\relax +\let\endhtmlignore\relax + +% +% the Baskerville and other logos and abbreviations +\providecommand\BV{\emph{Baskerville}} +\providecommand\DANTE{\acro{DANTE}} +\providecommand\MSDOS{\acro{MS-DOS}} +\providecommand\CDROM{\acro{CD-ROM}} +% +\providecommand\elatex{e-\LaTeX{}} +\providecommand\plaintex{Plain \TeX{}} +\providecommand\miktex{MiKTeX} +\providecommand\texshop{\ProgName{TeXshop}} +\providecommand\texworks{\ProgName{TeXworks}} +\providecommand\xetex{XeTeX} +\providecommand\xelatex{XeLaTeX} +% +\newcommand\ctan{\acro{CTAN}} +\newcommand\tex{\TeX{}} +% +\newcommand\macosx{Mac \acro{OS}/X} +% +%% \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-X\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@} +%\providecommand\MLTeX{ML-\TeX} +% +% provided for consistency's sake +\newcommand\PS{PostScript} +% +% to get \\ into example command arguments +\def\bsbs{\char`\\\char`\\} +% +\def\careof{\leavevmode\hbox{\raise.75ex\hbox{c}\kern-.15em + /\kern-.125em\smash{\lower.3ex\hbox{o}}}} +% +% another silliness: +\providecommand{\textoslash}{\o} +% +% \cs{SMC} \emph{isn't} small caps~--- Barbara Beeton says she thinks +% of it as ``big small caps''. She says (modulo capitalisation of +% things\dots): +% \begin{quote} +% For the things it's used for, regular small caps are not +% appropriate~--- they're too small. Real small caps are +% appropriate for author names (and are so used in continental +% bibliographies), section headings, running heads, and, on +% occasion, words to which some emphasis is to be given. \cs{SMC} +% was designed to be used for acronyms and all-caps abbreviations, +% which look terrible in small caps, but nearly as bad in all caps +% in the regular text size. The principle of using ``one size +% smaller'' than the text size is similar to the design of caps in +% German~--- where they are smaller relative to lowercase than are +% caps in fonts intended for English, to improve the appearance of +% regular text in which caps are used at the heads of all nouns, not +% just at the beginnings of sentences. +% \end{quote} +% +% We define this in terms of the memory of the size currently selected +% that's maintained in \cs{@currsize}: if the user does something +% silly re.~selecting fonts, we'll get the wrong results. The +% following code is adapted from |relsize.sty| by Donald Arseneau and +% Matt Swift, from a 2.09 original by Bernie Cosell. (Note that the +% order of examination of \cs{@currsize} is to get the commonest cases +% out of the way first.) +% \begin{macrocode} +%<!latex2e>\def\SMC{\small} +%<*latex2e> +\DeclareRobustCommand\SMC{% + \ifx\@currsize\normalsize\small\else + \ifx\@currsize\small\footnotesize\else + \ifx\@currsize\footnotesize\scriptsize\else + \ifx\@currsize\large\normalsize\else + \ifx\@currsize\Large\large\else + \ifx\@currsize\LARGE\Large\else + \ifx\@currsize\scriptsize\tiny\else + \ifx\@currsize\tiny\tiny\else + \ifx\@currsize\huge\LARGE\else + \ifx\@currsize\Huge\huge\else + \small\SMC@unknown@warning + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi +} +\newcommand\SMC@unknown@warning{\PackageWarning{faq}{Unknown text font + size command -- using \string\small}} +\DeclareRobustCommand\textSMC[1]{{\SMC #1}} +% \end{macrocode} +% +% The \cs{acro} command uses \cs{SMC} as it was originally intended. +% Note that, since most of these things are uppercase-only names, it +% fiddles with the spacefactor after inserting its text. font config +% files may define \cs{acro} otherwise +% +% \begin{macrocode} +\@ifundefined{acro}{% + \DeclareRobustCommand\acro[1]{\textSMC{#1}\@}% +}{} +% \end{macrocode} +% +%\TUGboat (effectively) takes arguments {<empty>}vol(issue) +\DeclareRobustCommand\TUGboat[1]{\expandafter\@TUGboat\ignorespaces} +\def\@TUGboat#1(#2){\textsl{TUGboat} \textbf{#1}(#2)} +% +% The NTS and eTeX (and for consistency Eplain) logos +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\NTS{$\mathcal{N}$\lower.5ex\hbox +%% {$\mathcal{T}$}$\mathcal{S}$\@} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\eTeX{{$\varepsilon$}-\TeX} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\eTeX{e-\TeX} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\Eplain{Eplain} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\PDFTeX{\acro{PDF}\TeX} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\PDFLaTeX{\acro{PDF}\LaTeX} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\CONTeXT{Con\TeX{}t} +\DeclareRobustCommand\YandY{\acro{Y}\&\acro{Y}} + +% non-silly names... +\renewcommand\TeX{TeX} +\newcommand\Eplain{Eplain} +\newcommand\etex{e-\TeX} +\let\eTeX\etex % some day all the old format will have gone... +\newcommand\ExTeX{Ex\TeX} +\newcommand\NTS{NTS} +\newcommand\PDFTeX{PDF\TeX} +\newcommand\pdftex{PDF\TeX} +\newcommand\LuaTeX{Lua\TeX} +\newcommand\luatex{Lua\TeX} +%\newcommand\TeXXeT{TeX-{}-XeT} + +\newcommand\AllTeX{(La)\TeX} +\newcommand\alltex{(La)\TeX} +\newcommand\CONTeXT{Con\TeX{}t} +\newcommand\context{Con\tex{}t} +\newcommand\PDFLaTeX{PDF\LaTeX} +\newcommand\pdflatex{PDF\latex} +\renewcommand\LaTeX{La\TeX} +\newcommand\latex{La\TeX} +\newcommand\twee{2e} +\renewcommand\LaTeXe{\LaTeX\twee} +\newcommand\latexe{\LaTeX\twee} +% +% Other odds and ends (appear differently in TeX and http or plain +% text +% +% wysiwyg gets capitalised at the beginning of a sentence. not +% entirely reliably... +\DeclareRobustCommand\WYSIWYG{% + \ifvmode + \let\faq@tempa\MakeUppercase + \else + \ifnum\spacefactor>2000 + \let\faq@tempa\MakeUppercase + \else + \let\faq@tempa\relax + \fi + \fi + \textsc{\faq@tempa wysiwyg}% +} +% +% Command for doing `square one' :-} +\newcommand\sqfbox[1]{\framebox{\makebox[\totalheight]{#1\/}}} +% +% an arrow used as a hyphen... +\newcommand\arrowhyph{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\penalty0\hskip0pt\relax} +% +% Here's a \fullline macro that works in lists and so on +\newcommand\fullline[1]{\@tempdima\hsize\relax + \advance\@tempdima-\leftmargin\relax + \advance\@tempdima-\rightmargin\relax + \hb@xt@\@tempdima{#1}% +} +% +% list indentations (narrower than default because two-column, but +% squeezed further to gain a bit more space still) +\setlength\leftmargini {1.8em} +\setlength\leftmarginii {1.2em} +\setlength\leftmarginiii{1em} +\setlength\leftmarginiv {0.8em} +% +% for tidy expression of things with parentheses around them: +\newcommand\parens[1]{(#1)} +\newcommand\oparen{(}%)( [footling around to match brackety things in emacs] +\newcommand\cparen{)} +% +% make the tex logo robust +\edef\@tempa{\noexpand\DeclareRobustCommand\noexpand\TeX{\TeX}} +\@tempa +% +% this piece of fantasy was let loose on an unsuspecting world by +% christina thiele, but i bet she didn't write it ;-) +\edef\diatop{\noexpand\protect\csname diatop \endcsname} +\expandafter\def\csname diatop \endcsname[#1|#2]{% + \leavevmode + {% + \setbox1=\hbox{{#1{}}}\setbox2=\hbox{{#2{}}}% + \dimen0=\ifdim\wd1>\wd2\wd1\else\wd2\fi% + \dimen1=\ht2\advance\dimen1by-1ex% + \setbox1=\hbox to1\dimen0{\hss#1\hss}% + \rlap{\raise1\dimen1\box1}% + \hbox to1\dimen0{\hss#2\hss}% + }% +}% +% +% for han the thanh (who knows whether i've actually got this right; i +% can't use the T5 fonts, which aren't even really publicly available +% yet) +\DeclareRobustCommand{\The}{Th\diatop[\'|\^e]} +%% % +%% % 2e's LaTeX logo sets the A in scripstyle jammed up to the top of the T; it +%% % also has the advantage that it's set in the same font as the +%% % surrounding text. However, the esteemed bbeeton says the logo looks +%% % "squidge awful" in italic text (I agree; and the same is true of its +%% % behaviour in slanted text) +%% % +%% % So here's a version that allows for the slant of the leading L +%% \DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L% +%% {\setbox0\hbox{T}% +%% \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{$\m@th$% +%% \csname S@\f@size\endcsname +%% \fontsize\sf@size\z@ +%% \math@fontsfalse\selectfont +%% A}% +%% \@tempdima\ht0 +%% \advance\@tempdima-\ht\@tempboxa +%% \@tempdima\strip@pt\fontdimen1\font\@tempdima +%% \advance\@tempdima-.36em +%% \kern\@tempdima +%% \vbox to\ht0{\box\@tempboxa +%% \vss}% +%% }% +%% \kern-.15em +%% \TeX} +%% % +%% % Ditto for \AllTeX (as used in TUGboat) +%% \DeclareRobustCommand{\AllTeX}{(L% +%% {\setbox0\hbox{T}% +%% \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{$\m@th$% +%% \csname S@\f@size\endcsname +%% \fontsize\sf@size\z@ +%% \math@fontsfalse\selectfont +%% A}% +%% \@tempdima\ht0 +%% \advance\@tempdima-\ht\@tempboxa +%% \@tempdima\strip@pt\fontdimen1\font\@tempdima +%% \advance\@tempdima-.36em +%% \kern\@tempdima +%% \vbox to\ht0{\box\@tempboxa +%% \vss}% +%% }\kern-.075em)% +%% \kern-.075em\TeX} +%% % +%% % A similar game is used in defining an `all LaTeX' sort of thing: +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\twee{2$_{\textstyle\varepsilon}$} +% +% it proves that, for Alan's stuff, the following needs to have been +% done _before_ we define the macros +\RequirePackage{shortvrb} +\MakeShortVerb{\|} +% +% A command which sets some text in typewriter, with the hyphenchar +% temporarily set to its first argument \FAQverb\HYPHEN{TEXT}. +% NB: This requires no catcode hackery, so should work inside moving +% arguments. It will, however, produce spurious spaces after CSs, and +% won't allow brace-unmatched input. It also won't survive going into a +% moving argument if \HYPHEN won't. +% +\let\FAQverbFamily\ttfamily +\DeclareRobustCommand{\FAQverb}[2]{{% + \ifvmode\leavevmode\fi + \lefthyphenmin=256\setlanguage\language + \FAQverbFamily\hyphenchar\the\font`#1\relax + \def\@tempa{#2}% + \expandafter\@faq@strip\meaning\@tempa\@faq@strip + \hyphenchar\the\font\m@ne +}\setlanguage\language} +\def\@faq@strip#1->#2\@faq@strip{#2} +% +% Document markup: +% +% (new method, using url.sty -- old version using FAQverb stuff +% deleted from comments 2000/03/24) +\newcommand\Email{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} % email address +\ifpdf +\def\mailto#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\Email{#1}}} +\else +\newcommand\mailto{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} % mailable address +\fi +\DeclareRobustCommand\FTP{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} % FTP site address +\DeclareRobustCommand\File{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} % File name +\DeclareRobustCommand\@ctan@path{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} % CTAN path + % (argument in braces) +\ifpdf +\newcommand\@CTAN[3]{\href{#1#2#3}{\@ctan@path{#2}}} % relay via hyperreference +\else +\newcommand\@CTAN[3]{\@ctan@path{#2}} % text-only reference +\fi +\newcommand\Newsgroup{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} % newsgroup +\let\URL\url % just a URL +\ifpdf +\let\nolinkURL\nolinkurl % unlinked version +\else +\let\nolinkURL\url % there ain't no linking +\fi +% url.sty defines \path, etc. hyperref may redefine... +\ifpdf + % hyperref has defined \href + \let\FAQ@@href\href + % we actually want to ignore the * in \href* + \def\href{\@ifstar\FAQ@@href\FAQ@@href} +\else +% +% here, latex for printing + \newcommand\href{% + \@ifstar + {\let\@href@text\@empty\@href@a}% + {\def\@href@text{see }\@href@a}% + } +% +% decisions now made about + \newcommand\@href@a{\begingroup + \@makeother\\% + \@makeother\_% + \@makeother\%% + \@makeother\~% + \@makeother\#% + \@href@b + } +% +% enter here in a group with sanitised arg + \newcommand\@href@b[1]{\endgroup + \urldef\@href@tempurl\url{#1}% + \@href@getanchor + } +% +% out of the group again: argument is the anchor + \newcommand\@href@getanchor[1]{#1% + \@ifnextchar@nosp'% + {\@href@getanchorq}% + { (\@href@text\@href@tempurl)\@let@token}% + } +% +% one quote after the anchor - check for a second + \newcommand\@href@getanchorq{% gobble the first quote + \@ifnextchar@nosp'% + \href@getanchor@qq + {' (\@href@text\@href@tempurl)\@let@token}% restore quote + } + \newcommand\href@getanchor@qq{% gobble the second quote too + {'' (\@href@text\@href@tempurl)}% restore both quotes + } +% +% two quotes after the anchor +\fi +\long\def\@ifnextchar@nosp#1#2#3{% + \let\reserved@d=#1% + \def\reserved@a{#2}% + \def\reserved@b{#3}% + \afterassignment\@ifnch@nosp\let\@let@token= } +\def\@ifnch@nosp{% + \ifstophere\stopherefalse\show\@let@token\fi + \ifx\@let@token\reserved@d + \expandafter\reserved@a + \else + \expandafter\reserved@b + \fi +} +\setcounter{errorcontextlines}{999} +\newif\ifstophere + +%%\ifx\DeclareUrlCommand\undefined +\DeclareRobustCommand\ProgName{% + \begingroup + \def\UrlFont{\rmfamily\itshape}\csname Url@do\endcsname + \Url +} +\let\progname\ProgName +%%\else +%% \DeclareUrlCommand\@ProgName{\def\UrlFont{\rmfamily\itshape}} +%% \DeclareRobustCommand\ProgName{\@ProgName} +%%\fi +\let\Package\ProgName % pro tem +\let\package\Package + +\let\Class\Package % ... +\let\class\Class + +\let\FontName\Package % ... +% \let\fontname\FontName % ahh, ... no! + +% another little oddity (from doc.sty originally, iirc) +\newcommand\meta[1]{\ensuremath{\langle}\emph{#1}\ensuremath{\rangle}} + +% +% ISBN references +\def\ISBN{\@ifstar\@ISBNstar\@ISBN} +\def\@ISBNstar#1#2{\acro{ISBN}-10~#1, \acro{ISBN}-13~#2} +\def\@ISBN#1{\acro{ISBN}-10~#1} +% +% Alan's code for CTAN references (now hacked to be capable of urls +% for use in pdf output): +% +% define a location for a package on CTAN +% ignores a leading * (which has meaning for html version only) +% #1 is the package name +% #2 is the CTAN path to the thing +% a package in a directory +\ifpdf + \newcommand{\CTANdirectory}{\@ifstar\@sCTANdirectory\@CTANdirectory} +\else + \newcommand{\CTANdirectory}{\@ifstar\@CTANdirectory\@CTANdirectory} +\fi +\newcommand{\@CTANdirectory}[2]{\@ifundefined{ctan-#1}{% + \expandafter\gdef\csname ctan-#1\endcsname{\@CTAN\LocalCTAN{#2}\CTANDirFmt}% + }{% + \PackageWarningNoLine{faq}{Repeated definition of label: #1}% + \stepcounter{CTAN@replabs}% + }% + \@faq@disposeopt +} +\ifpdf + \newcommand{\@sCTANdirectory}[2]{\@ifundefined{ctan-#1}{% + \expandafter\gdef\csname ctan-#1\endcsname{\@CTAN\LocalCTAN{#2}/}% + }{% + \PackageWarningNoLine{faq}{Repeated definition of label: #1}% + \stepcounter{CTAN@replabs}% + }% + \@faq@disposeopt + } +\fi +% +% a package in a single file (the same appearance, but the WWW -- and +% ultimately the pdf -- versions are different). +\ifpdf +\newcommand{\CTANfile}[2]{\@ifundefined{ctan-#1}{% + \expandafter\gdef\csname ctan-#1\endcsname{\@CTAN\LocalCTAN{#2}{}}% + }{% + \PackageWarningNoLine{faq}{Repeated definition of label: #1}% + \stepcounter{CTAN@replabs}% + }% + \@faq@disposeopt +} +\else +\let\CTANfile\CTANdirectory +\fi +% +% get rid of optional catalogue pointer in \CTAN(directory|file) +\newcommand\@faq@disposeopt{% + \@ifnextchar[\@faq@gobbleopt{}% ] +} +\def\@faq@gobbleopt[#1]{} +% +% Make reference to a CTAN package +% +% counters for the undefined references and repeated labels +\newcounter{CTAN@unrefs} +\newcounter{CTAN@replabs}% +% +% the command itself +\newcommand{\CTANref}[1]{% + \@ifundefined{ctan-#1}{% + \PackageWarning{CTAN}{Undefined reference: #1}% + \stepcounter{CTAN@unrefs}% + \futurelet\@let@token\faq@zap@trailing@opt + }{% + \csname ctan-#1\endcsname + \expandafter\let + \expandafter\faq@cat@ref\csname ctan-catref-#1\endcsname + }% + \futurelet\@let@token\faq@check@trailing@opt +} +\newcommand\faq@check@trailing@opt{% + \ifx\@let@token[% + \expandafter\faq@collect@catref + \else + \let\faq@catref\@empty% + \fi +} +\def\faq@collect@catref[#1]{\edef\faq@catref{\noexpand + \url{\faq@fixed@cataddr#1.html}% + }% +}% +\def\faq@fixed@cataddr{ help/Catalogue/}% +\newcommand\faq@zap@trailing@opt{\ifx\@let@token[% + \expandafter\@gobble@opt\fi +} +\def\@gobble@opt[#1]{} +% +% href to a ctan package +\ifpdf + \DeclareRobustCommand{\CTANhref}[2]{\@ifundefined{ctan-#1}{% + \PackageWarning{CTAN}{Undefined reference: #1}% + \stepcounter{CTAN@unrefs}% + }{{% + \def\@CTAN##1##2##3{http://mirror.ctan.org/##2}% + \href{\csname ctan-#1\endcsname}{#2}% + }}} +\else % DVI version + \DeclareRobustCommand{\CTANhref}[2]{\@ifundefined{ctan-#1}{% + \PackageWarning{CTAN}{Undefined reference: #1}% + \stepcounter{CTAN@unrefs}% + }{{% +% \def\@ctan@path##1{\expandafter\httpify\LocalCTAN!##1} + \def\@ctan@path##1{\LocalCTAN##1} + \edef\@tempa{\csname ctan-#1\endcsname}% + \expandafter\href\expandafter{\@tempa}{#2}% + }}} +\fi +% +% this is surely temporary +\def\httpify ftp://ftp#1!{http://www#1} +% +% hook for diagnosing undefined references at the end +\AtEndDocument{\ifthenelse{\theCTAN@unrefs > 0}{% + \PackageWarningNoLine{ctan}{There were \arabic{CTAN@unrefs} undefined + references to CTAN}% + }% + {}% + \ifthenelse{\theCTAN@replabs > 0}{% + \PackageWarningNoLine{ctan}{There were \arabic{CTAN@replabs} + multiply defined references to CTAN}% + }% + {}% +} +% +% a slight variation of description for lists of book titles +\newcommand{\booklabel}[1]{\hspace\labelsep\normalfont\itshape #1} +\newenvironment{booklist}{% + \begin{list}{}% + {% + \labelwidth\z@ + \itemindent-\leftmargin + \let\makelabel\booklabel + \parskip \z@ + \itemsep \z@ + }% + }% + {\end{list}} +% +% proglist is the same as booklist if we're using italics for program +% names, but will need hacking otherwise +\newenvironment{proglist}{\begin{booklist}}{\end{booklist}} +% +% similarly for ctanrefs environment +\newcommand{\ctanreference}[1]{% + \hspace\labelsep\normalfont\ttfamily\itshape + \bgroup + \@makeother\_% + \scantokens{#1}% + \unskip + \egroup + \/\normalfont:% +} +\newenvironment{ctanrefs}{% + \begin{list}{}% + {% + \labelwidth\z@ + \itemindent-\leftmargin + \let\makelabel\ctanreference + \topsep 4\p@ + \parskip \z@ + \itemsep \z@ + \@rightskip=\z@\@plus1in\relax + \spaceskip=.3333em\relax + \xspaceskip=.5em\relax + }% + }% + {\end{list}} +% +% compact the itemize, enumerate and description environments +\let\FAQ@@itemize\itemize +\renewcommand\itemize{% + \topsep 0.25\topsep + \FAQ@@itemize + \parskip \z@ + \itemsep \z@ +} +\let\FAQ@@enumerate\enumerate +\renewcommand\enumerate{% + \topsep 0.25\topsep + \FAQ@@enumerate + \parskip \z@ + \itemsep \z@ +} +\let\FAQ@@description\description +\renewcommand\description{% + \topsep 0.25\topsep + \FAQ@@description + \parskip \z@ + \itemsep \z@ +} +% +% and similarly close up verbatim's separation from what surrounds it +\let\FAQ@@verbatim\verbatim +\renewcommand\verbatim{% + \topsep 0.25\topsep + \FAQ@@verbatim +} +% +% \raggedwithindent is useful when we've got an URL or something +% overrunning the end of the line (and this line is terminated with +% \\) +% +% Typical usage is within the argument of a \nothtml command +\newcommand\raggedwithindent{% + \rightskip=\z@\@plus5em\relax + \spaceskip=.3333em\relax + \xspaceskip=.5em\relax + \hangindent=1pc\relax} +% +% things needed for the benefit of texfaq2html's `sanitise_line' +\let\textpercent\% +\let\faq@@textbar\textbar +\chardef\faq@vertbar`\| +\renewcommand\textbar{\def\@tempa{cmtt}% + \ifx\@tempa\f@family + \faq@vertbar + \else + \faq@@textbar + \fi +} +% +% redefine \cs{l@section} to require space for itself at the bottom +% of a column +\renewcommand\l@section[2]{% + \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@ + \addpenalty\@secpenalty + \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}% +% "needspace" element here (doesn't work) +% \vskip \z@ \@plus 3\baselineskip +% \penalty -\@highpenalty +% \vskip \z@ \@plus -3\baselineskip + \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}% + \begingroup + \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth + \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth + \leavevmode \bfseries + \advance\leftskip\@tempdima + \hskip -\leftskip + #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par + \endgroup + \fi +} +% +% subsections: these are a curious half-breed between latex sections +% and subsections -- as designed, i'm not intending there ever to be +% more than 9 per section (hahaha) +\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}% + \tw@ + \z@ + {-1.5ex \@plus-1ex \@minus-.3ex}% + {1ex \@plus.2ex}% + {\normalfont\large\bfseries + \raggedright}% + } +\renewcommand*\l@subsection[2]{% + \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\@ne + \addpenalty\@secpenalty + \addvspace{0.5em \@plus\p@}% +% "needspace" element here (doesn't work) +% \vskip \z@ \@plus 3\baselineskip +% \penalty -\@highpenalty +% \vskip \z@ \@plus -3\baselineskip + \setlength\@tempdima{2.0em}% + \begingroup + \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth + \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth + \leavevmode \bfseries + \advance\leftskip\@tempdima + \hskip -\leftskip + #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par + \endgroup + \fi} +% +% +% the question structure +% \Question[label name]{question asked} +% if [label name] present, the named label is assigned with \Qlabel +\newcounter{question} +\newcommand\Question[2][]{% + \ifpdf + \def\annot@label{#1}% + \def\annot@question{#2}% + \fi + \edef\l@stl@bel{\@gobbletwo#1}% + \qu@stion{#2}% + \def\reserved@a{#1}% + \ifx\reserved@a\@empty + \PackageWarning{faq}{Question "#2" has no label}% + \else + \Qlabel{#1}% + \fi +} +\newcommand\qu@stion{\@startsection{question}% + \thr@@ + \z@ + {-1.25ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% + {0.75ex \@plus .2ex}% + {% + \normalfont + \normalsize + \bfseries + \raggedright + \protected@edef\@svsec{\protect\annot@set\@svsec}% + }% +} +\newcommand*\questionmark[1]{} +\newcommand*\l@question{\@dottedtocline{2}{2.0em}{2.3em}} + +% +% \paragraph: has appeared in a submission, so let's give it a faq +% definition... +\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}% + 4% + \z@ + {1.25ex \@plus 1ex \@minus.2ex}% + {-1em} + {% + \normalfont + \normalsize + \bfseries + }} +% +% alias questions make a little perl script to set up a hash array +% that takes one from old question to current one. +\newcount\aliasfile +\aliasfile=-1 +\newcommand\AliasQuestion[1]{% + \ifnum\aliasfile<0 + \newwrite\aliasfile + \immediate\openout\aliasfile aliasquestion.list + \immediate\write\aliasfile {\faq@percent old_label_to_new = (}%) + \AtEndDocument{%( + \immediate\write\aliasfile{);}% + \immediate\write\aliasfile{1;}% + }% + \else + \immediate\write\aliasfile {,}% finish previous line + \fi + \immediate\write\aliasfile{"\@gobbletwo#1","\l@stl@bel"}% +} +{% + \catcode`\!=\the\catcode`\%% + \catcode`\%=\the\catcode`\+! + \gdef\faq@percent{%}! +} +% +\long\def\@ReturnAfterFi#1\fi{\fi#1}% +\ifpdf + \newcommand*\toclevel@question{3}% + \let\orig@section\section + \let\orig@subsection\subsection + \let\orig@subsubsection\subsubsection + \def\section{% + \def\toclevel@question{2}% + \orig@section + } + \def\subsection{% + \def\toclevel@question{3}% + \orig@subsection + } + \def\subsubsection{% + \def\toclevel@question{4}% + \orig@subsubsection + } + % + \def\annot@set{% + \ifx\annot@label\@empty + \else + \begingroup + \def\x##1-##2\@nil{\def\annot@label{##2}}% + \expandafter\x\annot@label\@nil + \def\x##1_##2\@nil{% + ##1% + \ifx\\##2\\% + \else + \noexpand\textunderscore + \@ReturnAfterFi{\x##2\@nil}% + \fi + }% + \edef\annot@label{\expandafter\x\annot@label_\@nil}% + \edef\NL{\string\n}% + \pdfstringdef\annot@text{% + http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=\annot@label\NL + \annot@question + }% + \rlap{% + \kern-10mm\relax + \settoheight{\dimen@}{X}% + \pdfannotlink + width 200mm + height \dimen@ + depth 25mm + user {% + /Subtype/Text% + /T(Question \thequestion: \annot@label)% + /Contents(\annot@text)% + }% + \pdfendlink + }% + \endgroup + \fi + }% + \@ifundefined{pdfannotlink}{% + \let\pdfannotlink\pdfstartlink + }{} +\else + \let\annot@set\relax +\fi +% +% \QuestionLabel starts out as a null command (so that inputting a +% .lab file at s.o.d has no effect), but it's then reset to +% \@questionLabel in case the file is going to be read again later +% (e.g., as an appendix), but we don't have a sensible definition of +% _that_ yet, either... +\newcommand{\labellist}{% + \newcommand{\QuestionLabel}[3]{}% +% \@starttoc{lab}% + \let\QuestionLabel\@questionLabel +} +\newcommand{\@questionLabel}[3]{} +% +% \afterquestion is used when the \Question command itself has to be +% inside a group for some reason (e.g., to have it in \boldmath) +\newcommand\afterquestion{% + \global\toks@\expandafter{\the\everypar}% + \edef\@tempa{% + \noexpand\@afterindentfalse + \noexpand\everypar{\the\toks@}% + }% + \expandafter\endgroup\@tempa +} +% +% \cs{Destination} is used immediately after a \cs{Question} command +% in the various add-* files to signify where the question is supposed +% to go +\newcommand\Destination[1]{\begin{center} + \itshape#1 + \end{center} +} +% +% we `number' our sections alphabetically +\renewcommand{\thesection}{\Alph{section}} +% +% keywords for questions. these get translated into comments in web +% versions +\newcommand\keywords{\begingroup + \@makeother\\% + \@makeother\^% + \@makeother\_% + \@makeother\%% + \expandafter\endgroup + \@gobble +} +% +% date question last edited +\def\LastEdit{\@ifstar\@gobble\@gobble} +% +% where the info came from +\newcommand\LeadFrom[3]{} +% +% \Qlabel and \Qref: define and refer to labels +\ifpdf +% hyperref version of \label doesn't get set until begin document + \AtBeginDocument{\let\Qlabel\label} +\else + \let\Qlabel\label +\fi +% \Qref[<text before q no>]{<hyper anchor text>}{<question label>} +% (default for arg 1 is "see question"; a conventional null argument +% here is \htmlonly, which gobbles a space) +% produces: +% <text before q no> <question number> +% +% \Qref*... produces +% <hyper anchor text> (<text before q no> <question number>) +% +% the code is supposed to deal correctly with things surrounded by +% double quotes (i.e., ``\Qref*....'' closes the quotes before putting +% the question number in parentheses. +% +% this stuff should be reconsidered to produce more sensible behaviour +% when running pdftex +% +\ifpdf +% +% if we're using pdflatex, we let hyperref take the strain, and make +% \Qrefs look like the html versions +\DeclareRobustCommand\Qref{\@ifstar\@QrefH\@QrefH} +\newcommand\@QrefH[3][\relax]{% + \expandafter\let\expandafter\reserved@a\csname r@#3\endcsname + \ifx\reserved@a\relax + \protect\G@refundefinedtrue + \nfss@text{\reset@font\bfseries ??}% + \@latex@warning{% + Reference `#3' on page \thepage \space undefined% + }% + \else +% \protected@edef\reserved@b{\reserved@a}% + \def\reserved@c##1##2##3##4##5{% + \def\reserved@d{{##1}{##2}{#2}{##4}{##5}}% + }% + \expandafter\reserved@c\reserved@a + \expandafter\Hy@setref@link\reserved@d\@empty\@empty\@nil\@thirdoffive + \fi +} +\else +% +% not using pdflatex: we've a ghastly job on our hands... +\newcommand\Qref{\@ifstar\@QrefA\@QrefB} +\newcommand\@QrefA[3][see question]{#2% + \def\@QrefAai{#1}% + \def\@QrefAaiii{#3}% + \afterassignment\@QrefAl\let\@tempa= } +\newcommand\@QrefAl{% \@tempa is char after original \Qref's args + % \@QrefAai/\@QrefAaiii are arguments of \Qref + \ifx\@tempa'% + \def\@next{% + \afterassignment\@QrefAQ + \let\@tempa= % + }% + \expandafter\@next + \else + { (\@QrefAai~\ref{\@QrefAaiii})\@tempa}% + \fi +} +\newcommand\@QrefAQ{% \@tempa is second char after original \Qref's + % arguments (first was a quote character) + \ifx\@tempa'% + '' (\@QrefAai~\ref{\@QrefAaiii})% + \else + { (\@QrefAai~\ref{\@QrefAaiii})'\@tempa}% + \fi +} +%% \@ifnextchar'{\@QrefAQb{#1}{#2}}{ (#1~\ref{#2})'}} +%% \newcommand\@QrefAQb[3]{% param 3 quote again +%% '' (#1~\ref{#2})} +\newcommand\@QrefB[3][see question]{#1~\ref{#3}} +% +\fi +% +% from doc package, then hacked about by yours truly +\DeclareRobustCommand\csx[1]{{\FAQverbFamily\char`\\#1}} +%\def\cs|#1|{\csx{#1}} +% +% fancier versions of the above +% +% \cmdinvoke\cs<argument sequence> +% \cs typeset as above +% <argument sequence> may consist of optional or mandatory arguments; +% +% the `arguments' are simply typesett \texttt, as yet -- if something +% fancier is needed, there's a bunch of code needs rewriting here... +\DeclareRobustCommand\cmdinvoke{\@ifstar + {\let\@tempa\emph\@scmdinvoke}% + {\let\@tempa\relax\@scmdinvoke}% +} +\def\@scmdinvoke#1{\texttt{\symbol{92}#1}% + \futurelet\@let@token\@cmdinvoke +} +\def\@cmdinvoke{\ifx\@let@token\bgroup + \let\@tempb\@cmdinvoke@lbrace + \else + \ifx\@let@token[% ] + \let\@tempb\@cmdinvoke@lbrack + \else + \ifx\@let@token(% ) + \let\@tempb\@cmdinvoke@lparen + \else + \let\@tempb\@empty + \fi + \fi + \fi + \@tempb +} +\def\@cmdinvoke@lbrace#1{\penalty0\hskip0pt\relax + \texttt{\symbol{123}\@tempa{#1}\symbol{125}}% + \futurelet\@let@token\@cmdinvoke +} +\def\@cmdinvoke@lbrack[#1]{\penalty-150\hskip0pt\relax + \texttt{[\@tempa{#1}]}% + \futurelet\@let@token\@cmdinvoke +} +\def\@cmdinvoke@lparen(#1){\penalty-150\hskip0pt\relax + \texttt{(\@tempa{#1})}% + \futurelet\@let@token\@cmdinvoke +} +% +% for writing \cmdinvoke out by hand (in titles) +\def\marg#1{\texttt{\symbol{123}{#1}\symbol{125}}} + +% that stuff doesn't work in pdf thumbnails. herewith an alternative +% for label ps@empty: +\DeclareRobustCommand\psatempty{% + \texttt{\string\pagestyle\string{empty\string}}% +} + +% minuscule bit more structured markup... +\newcommand\environment[1]{\texttt{#1}} +\newcommand\pkgoption[1]{\texttt{#1}} +\newcommand\extension[1]{\texttt{.#1}} +\newcommand\ltxcounter[1]{\texttt{#1}} +\newcommand\FontFormat[1]{\texttt{#1}} + +% deal with tabular: special defs to make texfaq2html doable +\let\tbamp& +\def\tbeol{\\} +\def\tbhline{\midrule} + +% +% symbols for the braces (which can confuse perl sumfink rotten +\def\obracesymbol{\symbol{123}} +\def\cbracesymbol{\symbol{125}} + +% +% for quoting verbatim environments in examples: +\begingroup \catcode `|=0 \catcode `[= 1 +\catcode`]=2 \catcode `\{=12 \catcode `\}=12 +\catcode`\\=12 +|gdef|@quotexverbatim#1\end{quoteverbatim}[#1|end[quoteverbatim]] +|endgroup +\def\quoteverbatim{\@verbatim \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces \@quotexverbatim} +\let\endquoteverbatim\endverbatim + +% +% for comments during maintenance +%\def\Q#1{\footnote{{\ttfamily QUERY: #1}}} +%\def\Q#1{\marginpar{{\ttfamily QUERY: #1}}} +% +% Checking structure (null for now) +\newcommand\checked[2]{} +% +% for Alan's benefit +\newbox\@footnoteenvbox +\newenvironment{footnoteenv} + {\begin{lrbox}\@footnoteenvbox\reset@font\footnotesize\ignorespaces} + {\end{lrbox}% + \footnote{\unhbox\@footnoteenvbox}} +% +% end of package +\endinput diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ae36c3730e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +% +% null FAQ configuration file: leaves LaTeX default use of cm* fonts +\typeout{FAQ -- Typesetting using Computer Modern fonts} +\@ifundefined{Dings}{\let\Dings\relax}{} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.cmfonts b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.cmfonts new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4f5f663bfa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.cmfonts @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +% +% null FAQ configuration file: leaves LaTeX default use of cm* fonts +\typeout{FAQ -- Typesetting using Computer Modern fonts} +\@ifundefined{Dings}{\let\Dings\relax}{} +\boldmathavailtrue + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.lmfonts b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.lmfonts new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..707e6c6cf86 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.lmfonts @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +% version to use latin modern, and not luximono or trying to do dinglines + \RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}% + \RequirePackage{lmodern}% for sans fonts + \RequirePackage{textcomp}% + \AtBeginDocument{% + \let\save@textcurrency\textcurrency + \def\textcurrency{% + {% + \fontfamily{lmr}\selectfont + \save@textcurrency + }% + }% + } + \boldmathavailfalse + \DeclareRobustCommand{\$}{\char`\$}% otherwise tries to load tctt.... + \let\Dings\relax + \DeclareRobustCommand\acro[1]{#1\@{}} + + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.mbvj b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.mbvj new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cbf128b80c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.mbvj @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +\renewcommand\rmdefault{mbvj} +\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{lmss} +\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{lmtt} +\usepackage{textcomp} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\DeclareRobustCommand{\$}{\char`\$} +\@ifundefined{Dings}{\RequirePackage{pifont}% + \def\Dings{\nopagebreak{\footnotesize + \dingline{167}}}}{}% +\boldmathavailfalse +\def\acro##1{##1\@{}} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.ugm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.ugm new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..04f3133b3ce --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/faqfont.cfg.ugm @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +\usepackage{textcomp} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\RequirePackage{lmodern} % for sans text (one instance only?) +\renewcommand\rmdefault{ugm} +\renewcommand\bfdefault{b} +\RequirePackage{eulervm} +\RequirePackage[scaled=0.85]{luximono} +\@ifundefined{Dings}{\RequirePackage{pifont}% + \def\Dings{\nopagebreak{\footnotesize + \dingline{167}}}}{}% +\boldmathavailtrue % is it? +\def\acro#1{#1\@{}} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/filectan.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/filectan.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5e06dbf1813 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/filectan.tex @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +% $Id: filectan.tex,v 1.143 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% +% protect ourself against being read twice +\csname readCTANfiles\endcsname +\let\readCTANfiles\endinput +% +% interesting/useful individual files to be found on CTAN +\CTANfile{CTAN-sites}{CTAN.sites} +\CTANfile{CTAN-uploads}{README.uploads}% yes, it really is in the root +\CTANfile{Excalibur}{systems/mac/support/excalibur/Excalibur-4.0.2.sit.hqx}[excalibur] +\CTANfile{expl3-doc}{macros/latex/contrib/l3kernel/expl3.pdf}[l3kernel] +\CTANfile{f-byname}{FILES.byname} +\CTANfile{f-last7}{FILES.last07days} +\CTANfile{interface3-doc}{macros/latex/contrib/l3kernel/interface3.pdf}[l3kernel] +\CTANfile{LitProg-FAQ}{help/comp.programming.literate_FAQ} +\CTANfile{OpenVMSTeX}{systems/OpenVMS/TEX97_CTAN.ZIP} +\CTANfile{T1instguide}{info/Type1fonts/fontinstallationguide/fontinstallationguide.pdf} +\CTANfile{TeX-FAQ}{obsolete/help/TeX,_LaTeX,_etc.:_Frequently_Asked_Questions_with_Answers} +\CTANfile{abstract-bst}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bibtools/abstract.bst} +\CTANfile{backgrnd}{macros/generic/misc/backgrnd.tex}[backgrnd] +\CTANfile{bbl2html}{biblio/bibtex/utils/misc/bbl2html.awk}[bbl2html] +\CTANfile{beginlatex-pdf}{info/beginlatex/beginlatex-3.6.pdf}[beginlatex] +\CTANfile{belleek}{fonts/belleek/belleek.zip}[belleek] +\CTANfile{bibtex-faq}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxFAQ.pdf} +\CTANfile{bidstobibtex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/bids/bids.to.bibtex}[bidstobibtex] +\CTANfile{btxmactex}{macros/eplain/tex/eplain/btxmac.tex}[eplain] +\CTANfile{catalogue}{help/Catalogue/catalogue.html} +\CTANfile{cat-licences}{help/Catalogue/licenses.html} +\CTANfile{clsguide}{macros/latex/doc/clsguide.pdf}[clsguide] +\CTANfile{compactbib}{macros/latex/contrib/compactbib/compactbib.sty}[compactbib] +%\CTANfile{compan-ctan}{info/companion.ctan} +\CTANfile{context-tmf}{macros/context/current/cont-tmf.zip}[context] +\CTANfile{dvitype}{systems/knuth/dist/texware/dvitype.web}[dvitype] +\CTANfile{edmetrics}{systems/mac/textures/utilities/EdMetrics.sea.hqx}[edmetrics] +\CTANfile{epsf}{macros/generic/epsf/epsf.tex}[epsf] +\CTANfile{figsinlatex}{obsolete/info/figsinltx.ps} +\CTANfile{finplain}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/misc/finplain.bst} +\CTANfile{fix-cm}{macros/latex/unpacked/fix-cm.sty}[fix-cm] +\CTANfile{fntguide.pdf}{macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf}[fntguide] +\CTANfile{fontdef}{macros/latex/base/fontdef.dtx} +\CTANfile{fontmath}{macros/latex/unpacked/fontmath.ltx} +\CTANfile{gentle}{info/gentle/gentle.pdf}[gentle] +\CTANfile{gkpmac}{systems/knuth/local/lib/gkpmac.tex}[gkpmac] +\CTANfile{ispell}{support/ispell/ispell-3.2.06.tar.gz}[ispell] +\CTANfile{knuth-letter}{systems/knuth/local/lib/letter.tex} +\CTANfile{knuth-tds}{macros/latex/contrib/latex-tds/knuth.tds.zip} +\CTANfile{latex209-base}{obsolete/macros/latex209/distribs/latex209.tar.gz}[latex209] +\CTANfile{latex-classes}{macros/latex/base/classes.dtx} +\CTANfile{latex-source}{macros/latex/base/source2e.tex} +\CTANfile{latexcount}{support/latexcount/latexcount.pl}[latexcount] +\CTANfile{latexcheat}{info/latexcheat/latexcheat/latexsheet.pdf}[latexcheat] +\CTANfile{letterspacing}{macros/generic/misc/letterspacing.tex}[letterspacing] +\CTANfile{ltablex}{macros/latex/contrib/ltablex/ltablex.sty}[ltablex] +\CTANfile{ltxguide}{macros/latex/base/ltxguide.cls} +\CTANfile{ltxtable}{macros/latex/contrib/carlisle/ltxtable.tex}[ltxtable] +\CTANfile{lw35nfss-zip}{macros/latex/required/psnfss/lw35nfss.zip}[lw35nfss] +\CTANfile{macmakeindex}{systems/mac/macmakeindex2.12.sea.hqx} +\CTANfile{mathscript}{info/symbols/math/scriptfonts.pdf} +\CTANfile{mathsurvey.html}{info/Free_Math_Font_Survey/en/survey.html} +\CTANfile{mathsurvey.pdf}{info/Free_Math_Font_Survey/en/survey.pdf} +\CTANfile{memoir-man}{macros/latex/contrib/memoir/memman.pdf} +\CTANfile{metafp-pdf}{info/metafont/metafp/metafp.pdf}[metafp] +\CTANfile{mf-beginners}{info/metafont/beginners/metafont-for-beginners.pdf}[metafont-beginners] +\CTANfile{mf-list}{info/metafont-list} +\CTANfile{miktex-portable}{systems/win32/miktex/setup/miktex-portable.exe} +\CTANfile{miktex-setup}{systems/win32/miktex/setup/setup.exe}[miktex] +\CTANfile{mil}{info/mil/mil.pdf} +\CTANfile{mil-short}{info/Math_into_LaTeX-4/Short_Course.pdf}[math-into-latex-4] +\CTANfile{modes-file}{fonts/modes/modes.mf}[modes] +\CTANfile{mtw}{info/makingtexwork/mtw-1.0.1-html.tar.gz} +\CTANfile{multind}{macros/latex209/contrib/misc/multind.sty}[multind] +\CTANfile{nextpage}{macros/latex/contrib/misc/nextpage.sty}[nextpage] +\CTANfile{noTeX}{biblio/bibtex/utils/misc/noTeX.bst}[notex] +\CTANfile{numline}{obsolete/macros/latex/contrib/numline/numline.sty}[numline] +\CTANfile{patch}{macros/generic/misc/patch.doc}[patch] +\CTANfile{picins-summary}{macros/latex209/contrib/picins/picins.txt} +\CTANfile{pk300}{fonts/cm/pk/pk300.zip} +\CTANfile{pk300w}{fonts/cm/pk/pk300w.zip} +\CTANfile{QED}{macros/generic/proofs/taylor/QED.sty}[qed] +\CTANfile{removefr}{macros/latex/contrib/fragments/removefr.tex}[removefr] +\CTANfile{repeat}{macros/generic/eijkhout/repeat.tex}[repeat] +\CTANfile{resume}{obsolete/macros/latex209/contrib/resume/resume.sty} +\CTANfile{savesym}{macros/latex/contrib/savesym/savesym.sty}[savesym] +\CTANfile{setspace}{macros/latex/contrib/setspace/setspace.sty}[setspace] +\CTANfile{simpl-latex}{info/simplified-latex/simplified-intro.pdf}[simplified-latex] +\CTANfile{sober}{macros/latex209/contrib/misc/sober.sty}[sober] +\CTANfile{tex2bib}{biblio/bibtex/utils/tex2bib/tex2bib}[tex2bib] +\CTANfile{tex2bib-doc}{biblio/bibtex/utils/tex2bib/README} +\CTANfile{tex4ht}{obsolete/support/TeX4ht/tex4ht-all.zip}[tex4ht] +\CTANfile{texlive-unix}{systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl-unx.tar.gz} +\CTANfile{texlive-windows}{systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl.zip} +\CTANfile{texnames}{info/biblio/texnames.sty} +\CTANfile{texsis-index}{macros/texsis/index/index.tex} +\CTANfile{topcapt}{macros/latex/contrib/misc/topcapt.sty}[topcapt] +\CTANfile{tracking}{macros/latex/contrib/tracking/tracking.sty}[tracking] +\CTANfile{ttb-pdf}{info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf}[tamethebeast] +\CTANfile{type1ec}{fonts/ps-type1/cm-super/type1ec.sty}[type1ec] +\CTANfile{ukhyph}{language/hyphenation/ukhyphen.tex} +\CTANfile{upquote}{macros/latex/contrib/upquote/upquote.sty}[upquote] +\CTANfile{faq-a4}{help/uk-tex-faq/newfaq.pdf} +\CTANfile{faq-letter}{help/uk-tex-faq/letterfaq.pdf} +\CTANfile{versions}{macros/latex/contrib/versions/versions.sty}[versions] +\CTANfile{vf-howto}{info/virtualfontshowto/virtualfontshowto.txt}[vf-howto] +\CTANfile{vf-knuth}{info/knuth/virtual-fonts}[vf-knuth] +\CTANfile{visualFAQ}{info/visualFAQ/visualFAQ.pdf}[visualfaq] +\CTANfile{voss-mathmode}{info/math/voss/mathmode/Mathmode.pdf} +\CTANfile{wujastyk-txh}{digests/texhax/txh/wujastyk.txh} +\CTANfile{xampl-bib}{biblio/bibtex/base/xampl.bib} +\CTANfile{xtexcad}{graphics/xtexcad/xtexcad-2.4.1.tar.gz} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/gather-faqbody.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/gather-faqbody.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..764d2a22436 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/gather-faqbody.tex @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +\def\faqfileversion{3.26} \def\faqfiledate{2013-02-25} +% +% The above line defines the file version and date, and must remain +% the first line with any `assignment' in the file, or things will +% blow up in a stupid fashion +% +% get lists of CTAN labels +% +% configuration for the lists, if we're going to need to generate urls +% for the files +\InputIfFileExists{archive.cfg}{}{} +% +% ... directories +\input{dirctan} +% +% ... files +\input{filectan} + +% facilitate auto-processing of this stuff; this line is clunkily +% detected (and ignored) in the build-faqbody script +\let\faqinput\input + +% the stuff to print +\faqinput{faq-intro} % introduction +\faqinput{faq-backgrnd} % background +\faqinput{faq-docs} % docs +\faqinput{faq-bits+pieces} % bits and pieces +\faqinput{faq-getit} % getting software +\faqinput{faq-texsys} % TeX systems +\faqinput{faq-dvi} % DVI drivers and previewers +\faqinput{faq-support} % support stuff +\faqinput{faq-litprog} % programming for literates +\faqinput{faq-fmt-conv} % format conversions +\faqinput{faq-install} % installation and so on +\faqinput{faq-fonts} % fonts and what to do +\faqinput{faq-hyp+pdf} % hyper-foodle and pdf +\faqinput{faq-graphics} % graphics +\faqinput{faq-biblio} % bib stuff +\faqinput{faq-adj-types} % adjusting typesetting +\faqinput{faq-lab-ref} % labels and references +\faqinput{faq-how-do-i} % how to do things +\faqinput{faq-symbols} % symbols, their natural history and use +\faqinput{faq-mac-prog} % macro programming +\faqinput{faq-t-g-wr} % things going wrong +\faqinput{faq-wdidt} % why does it do that +%*****************************************quote environments up to here +\faqinput{faq-jot-err} % joy (hem hem) of tex errors +\faqinput{faq-projects} % current projects + +% +% This is the last section, and is to remain the last section... +\faqinput{faq-the-end} % wrapping it all up + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/letterfaq.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/letterfaq.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d9f0abc30a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/letterfaq.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/letterfaq.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/letterfaq.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dd0b4427d72 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/letterfaq.tex @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +% This is the UK TeX FAQ +% +\documentclass{faq} +% +\setcounter{errorcontextlines}{999} +% +% read the first two definitions of faqbody.tex for the file version +% and date +\afterassignment\endinput\input gather-faqbody +% +\typeout{The UK TeX FAQ, v\faqfileversion, date \faqfiledate} +% +% let's not be too fussy while we're developing... +\hfuzz10pt +\emergencystretch10pt +% +\begin{document} +\title{The \acro{UK} \TeX{} \acro{FAQ}\\ + Your \ifpdf\ref*{lastquestion}\else\protect\ref{lastquestion}\fi + \ Questions Answered\\ + version \faqfileversion, date \faqfiledate} +\author{} +\maketitle + +\centerline{\textsc{Note}} + +\begin{quotation}\small + This document is an updated and extended version of the \acro{FAQ} article + that was published as the December 1994 and 1995, and March 1999 + editions of the \acro{UK}\,\acro{TUG} magazine \BV{} (which weren't + formatted like this). + + The article is also available via the World Wide Web. +\end{quotation} + +\ifsinglecolumn + \tableofcontents +\else + \begin{multicols}{2} + \tableofcontents + \end{multicols} +\fi + +\Dings + +% label list for later processing +\labellist + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% load the CTAN references if necessary +\input{dirctan} +\input{filectan} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\ifsinglecolumn + \input{gather-faqbody} +\else + \begin{multicols}{2} + \input{gather-faqbody} + \end{multicols} +\fi + +\typeout{*** That makes \thequestion\space questions ***} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/locations.mk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/locations.mk new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..49f6146e0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/locations.mk @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# the locations of files that are targets of the Makefile rules + +# on web server +WEB = /anfs/www/VH-tex/faq-source +WEB_BETA = /anfs/www/VH-tex/faq-source/beta +CGI_BIN = /anfs/www/VH-tex/cgi-bin + +# on archive machine +HOME_DIR = /home/rf/tex/faq +CTAN_ROOT = /anfs/ctan/tex-archive + +# on vlan 100 host +HTMLDIREL = html +HTMLDIR = $(HOME_DIR)/$(HTMLDIREL) + +HTMLDIR_GAMMA = $(HOME_DIR)/html_gamma +GAMMADIR = $(HOME_DIR)/gamma diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/markup-syntax b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/markup-syntax new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..409aff99ca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/markup-syntax @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +Writing text for the TeX FAQ -- the requirements + +There are some ground rules for text for the FAQ which need to be +adhered to. Some of the rules relate to the perl program that's used +to create an HTML file of the FAQ from the TeX source, or to the +nature of the macros that Sebastian, Alan and I have written; others +relate to the way in which I try to manage change. Please remember +that we're attempting distributed authoring of a relatively small +document over a tight timescale; while I _can_ in principle work into +the night to put things right after a submission, my employers tend to +prefer me awake during the working day... + +Rules for presentation of text +------------------------------ + +1. Don't line wrap in macro calls. Ignore the fact that this can mean + very long lines. This restriction applies equally to the + []-surrounded optional arguments of macros (e.g., \item). + +2. Always put {} after `name' macros (such as \TeX{}). Do this + - even if you prefer \TeX\ to ensure the name's delimited + - even if the name's immediately followed by punctuation + +3. Don't use \verb or \shortvrb -- find alternatives in other + constructions like \csx, \cmdinvoke, etc. + +Rules for managing the text +--------------------------- + +The first version of the FAQ was developed in a distributed fashion by +the members of the committee of UKTUG. Just now, it's under my (RF's) +sole control; if there were a clamour for other people to contribute, +I guess the thing to do _today_ would be to create a sourceforge +project. (Sourceforge, or anything like it, wasn't even a gleam in +anyone's eye back in 1994 when we were first discussing the FAQ.) + +Source of the text +------------------ + +The text currently resides in + +newfaq.tex The body of the text +filectan.tex Declarations of the locations of individual files on + CTAN archives +dirctan.tex Declarations of the directories on CTAN archives + +faq.sty The main package + +This pre-production version of the text is printed (by default) in +Adobe Times Roman, etc. An alternative font may by used by setting +yourself up with a file faqfont.cfg that contains the commands that +should be used to define what fonts are needed. + +A faqfont.cfg which does nothing, and hence leaves LaTeX with its +default of cm* fonts, is available with the text; if you *want* the +faq printed in Times Roman, you should not transfer the file (or you +should delete it once you *have* transferred it). + +All these files are to be found in the CTAN distribution of the FAQ, +in usergrps/uktug/faq + +Markup commands +--------------- + +The faq is written in LaTeX. Commands to use are: + +\CTANdirectory{tag}{directory-path} +\CTANfile{tag}{file-path} + + These are used in dirctan.tex and filectan.tex, respectively. The + <tag> is used in the \CTANref command, and the <*-path> is is what + gets typeset in respect of a \CTANref (and what becomes the anchor + of an html link to retrieve the referenced thing). + +\CTANdirectory*{tag}{directory-path} + + As \CTANdirectory, but appears in HTML as "browse directory" only + +\CTANref{tag} (and the ctanrefs environment) + + make reference to a <tag> defined by a \CTANfile or \CTANdirectory + command; will usually appear in a ctanrefs environment at the end of + an answer. Refer to the files with markup such as \Package, + \Class or \ProgName in the body of the question, and then say: + \begin{ctanrefs} + \item[blah.sty]\CTANref{blah} + \end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[label]{question-title} + + Set the title of a question, and define a label for it (in fact, an + unusual sort of subsection command). The [label] is (now) + mandatory, and must be prefixed by "Q-" (as in + \Question[Q-newans]{Submitting new material for the FAQ}). + +\Qref[intro-text]{anchor-text}{label} + + Refer to a question. The <intro-text> is set before the reference, + and is "see question" by default. The <anchor-text> is used in + hyper-enabled output, as the anchor for jumping to the labelled + question. The <label> is defined somewhere in the document as a + \Question command's (nominally) optional argument. + +\Qref*{anchor-text}{label} + + Refer to a question. In hyper-enabled output, results are the same + as for \Qref; in DVI output, produces + anchor-text (see question <label>) + special care being taken with surrounding quotes. + +\TUGboat{} <vol>(<number>) + + TUGboat reference (we have surprisingly many). Really does have + that syntax \TUGboat{} 16(3), though as far as the HTML translator + is concerned, the command ends at \TUGboat{} so it doesn't matter if + it gets split across lines. + +Environment booklist + + Is used to set lists of books; it uses \item in the same way that + the description environment does, but sets the label thus defined in + normal weight italic text from the current family + +\htmlignore ... \endhtmlignore + + Brackets around bits of text that are to be ignored by the html + generator (deprecated: use environment typesetversion instead + +Environment htmlversion + + Text to appear in HTML but not in the typeset versions of the FAQ. + (The body of the environment will be processed before appearing in + the HTML output, just the same as text for joint use.) + Similar are: +Environment dviversion (DVI output only) +Environment pdfversion (PDF output only) +Environment narrowversion (DVI output only -- narrow since 2-col output) +Environment wideversion (HTML or PDF output only) + Note that we use narrow for non-hyper, and wide for hyper versions + of the source. + +\htmlonly{text} +\narrowonly{text} +\wideonly{text} + These three are command versions of the corresponding environments + +\nothtml{text} + + Text not to appear in the HTML version + +\latexhtml{latex text}{HTML text} + + Typesets latex text, or processes HTML text, according to context + +\csx{name} + + A robust command to typeset a control sequence in typewriter. The + <name> should only have letters or (at most) others in it -- no + active characters, please... + +\cmdinvoke{cmd name}<arguments> + + Typesets a complete command invocation, and all its arguments. + The LaTeX macro will take arbitrary sequences of optional and + mandatory arguments, but while the HTML processor will deal with a + wide range of variants, its stunning simplemindedness means it's + always good to check such output. + +\cmdinvoke*{cmd name}<arguments> + + As \cmdinvoke, but arguments are typeset with \emph + +\checked{intials}{date} + + Records when an answer (or part of an answer) was checked, and by + whom. Currently typsets as nothing. + +\LastEdit{date} + + Date of last editing a Question; argument is yyyy-mm-dd (ISO form) + (placed at the end of an answer) + +\LastEdit*{date} + Last edit was the initial version + +\keywords{<stuff>} + + For labelling questions. Doesn't currently have any effect at all. + +\Email{<name>@<address>} +\FTP{<site-address>} +\File{file-path>} +\path{file-path>} +\Newsgroup{usenet-group-name} +\URL{protocol>://site/path} +\mailto{mail@ddress} + + All these things typeset their argument in typewriter, but allowing + line-splitting at appropriate characters (using url.sty). The last + two (\URL and \mailto) become active in both the HTML and PDF + versions of the FAQ; \Email is for formatting a name (e.g., a finger + identifier) that the reader is _not_ supposed to mail. + +\Package{package name} % (no .sty) +\Class{class name} % (no .cls) +\ProgName{executable command name} + + Set the item in an appropriate fashion. _Please_ use these commands + wherever appropriate. + +Names, logos, etc., for use whenever needed (to be used just as +\name{}): + + \AllTeX [(La)TeX], \LaTeXe, \LaTeXo [LaTeX 2.09, with requisite + precautions about dealing with the undead], \MF, \MP [MetaPost], \BV + [Baskerville], \PDFTeX, \PDFLaTeX, \CONTeXT, \NTS, \eTeX, \Eplain, + \TeXsis, \YandY [the firm, whose name is a bit tricky in HTML], + \WYSIWYG, \dots, \ldots, \pounds, \arrowhyph [->, used in + descriptions of selections from menus, and looking better when + typeset], \textpercent, \textasciitilde + +Typesetting things, arguments in braces: + + \acro [for upper-case acronyms such as CTAN], \emph, \textit, + \textsl, \meta [as in doc.sty], \texttt, \thinspace, \ISBN + +Typesetting environments: + + quote, description, itemize, enumerate, verbatim + +Other odds and ends: + + $\pi$, $...$, \$, \#, \ , \&, ~ [just produces a space] + +Robin Fairbairns +2009-06-13 +\LastEdit{2009-03-27} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/newfaq.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/newfaq.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f001dc5efa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/newfaq.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/newfaq.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/newfaq.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..70286d5d135 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/archive-version/newfaq.tex @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +% This is the UK TeX FAQ +% +\documentclass[a4paper]{faq} +% +\setcounter{errorcontextlines}{999} +% +% read the first two definitions of faqbody.tex for the file version +% and date +\afterassignment\endinput\input gather-faqbody +% +\typeout{The UK TeX FAQ, v\faqfileversion, date \faqfiledate} +% +% let's not be too fussy while we're developing... +\hfuzz10pt +\emergencystretch10pt +% +\begin{document} +\title{The \acro{UK} \TeX{} \acro{FAQ}\\ + Your \ifpdf\ref*{lastquestion}\else\protect\ref{lastquestion}\fi + \ Questions Answered\\ + version \faqfileversion, date \faqfiledate} +\author{} +\maketitle + +\centerline{\textsc{Note}} + +\begin{quotation}\small + This document is an updated and extended version of the \acro{FAQ} article + that was published as the December 1994 and 1995, and March 1999 + editions of the \acro{UK}\,\acro{TUG} magazine \BV{} (which weren't + formatted like this). + + The article is also available via the World Wide Web. +\end{quotation} + +\ifsinglecolumn + \tableofcontents +\else + \begin{multicols}{2} + \tableofcontents + \end{multicols} +\fi + +\Dings + +% label list for later processing +\labellist + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% load the CTAN references if necessary +\input{dirctan} +\input{filectan} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\ifsinglecolumn + \input{gather-faqbody} +\else + \begin{multicols}{2} + \input{gather-faqbody} + \end{multicols} +\fi + +\typeout{*** That makes \thequestion\space questions ***} +\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/dirctan.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/dirctan.tex index dd5155a9c70..f26f7ca6d70 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/dirctan.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/dirctan.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: dirctan.tex,v 1.291 2012/02/26 16:56:42 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: dirctan.tex,v 1.301 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ % % protect ourself against being read twice \csname readCTANdirs\endcsname @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{appl}{web/reduce/rweb/appl} \CTANdirectory{appendix}{macros/latex/contrib/appendix}[appendix] \CTANdirectory{arabtex}{language/arabic/arabtex} +\CTANdirectory{arara}{support/arara}[arara] \CTANdirectory{armenian}{fonts/armenian} \CTANdirectory{aro-bend}{info/challenges/aro-bend}[aro-bend] \CTANdirectory{asana-math}{fonts/Asana-Math}[asana-math] @@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{black}{fonts/cm/utilityfonts/black} \CTANdirectory{blackboard}{info/symbols/blackboard}[blackboard] \CTANdirectory{blackletter}{fonts/blackletter} +\CTANdirectory{blindtext}{macros/latex/contrib/blindtext}[blindtext] \CTANdirectory{blocks}{macros/text1/blocks} \CTANdirectory{blu}{macros/blu} \CTANdirectory{bm2font}{graphics/bm2font} @@ -208,6 +210,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{cnoweb}{web/c_cpp/cnoweb} \CTANdirectory{collref}{macros/latex/contrib/collref} \CTANdirectory{combine}{macros/latex/contrib/combine}[combine] +\CTANdirectory{commado}{macros/generic/commado}[commado] \CTANdirectory{comment}{macros/latex/contrib/comment}[comment] \CTANdirectory{committee}{fonts/unsupported/committee} \CTANdirectory{comp-fonts-FAQ}{help/comp-fonts-FAQ} @@ -269,6 +272,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{dos-dc}{systems/msdos/dos-dc} \CTANdirectory{dos-psfonts}{systems/msdos/emtex-fonts/psfonts} \CTANdirectory{doublestroke}{fonts/doublestroke}[doublestroke] +\CTANdirectory{dowith}{macros/generic/dowith}[dowith] \CTANdirectory{dpfloat}{macros/latex/contrib/dpfloat}[dpfloat] \CTANdirectory{dpmigcc}{systems/msdos/dpmigcc} \CTANdirectory{draftcopy}{macros/latex/contrib/draftcopy}[draftcopy] @@ -350,8 +354,10 @@ \CTANdirectory{et}{support/et} \CTANdirectory{etex}{systems/e-tex}[etex] \CTANdirectory{etex-pkg}{macros/latex/contrib/etex-pkg}[etex-pkg] +\CTANdirectory{etextools}{macros/latex/contrib/etextools}[etextools] \CTANdirectory{ethiopia}{language/ethiopia} \CTANdirectory{ethtex}{language/ethiopia/ethtex} +\CTANdirectory{etoc}{macros/latex/contrib/etoc}[etoc] \CTANdirectory{etoolbox}{macros/latex/contrib/etoolbox}[etoolbox] \CTANdirectory{euler-latex}{macros/latex/contrib/euler}[euler] \CTANdirectory{eulervm}{fonts/eulervm}[eulervm] @@ -399,11 +405,12 @@ \CTANdirectory{fontch}{macros/plain/contrib/fontch}[fontch] \CTANdirectory{fontinst}{fonts/utilities/fontinst}[fontinst] \CTANdirectory{fontname}{info/fontname}[fontname] -\CTANdirectory{fontspec}{macros/latex/contrib/fontspec} +\CTANdirectory{fontspec}{macros/latex/contrib/fontspec}[fontspec] \CTANdirectory{font_selection}{macros/plain/contrib/font_selection}[font-selection] \CTANdirectory{footbib}{macros/latex/contrib/footbib}[footbib] \CTANdirectory{footmisc}{macros/latex/contrib/footmisc}[footmisc] \CTANdirectory{footnpag}{macros/latex/contrib/footnpag}[footnpag] +\CTANdirectory{forarray}{macros/latex/contrib/forarray}[forarray] \CTANdirectory{forloop}{macros/latex/contrib/forloop}[forloop] \CTANdirectory{for_tex}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/germbib/for_tex} \CTANdirectory{fourier}{fonts/fourier-GUT}[fourier] @@ -415,6 +422,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{futhark}{fonts/futhark} \CTANdirectory{futhorc}{fonts/futhorc} \CTANdirectory{fweb}{web/fweb}[fweb] +\CTANdirectory{garamondx}{fonts/garamondx}[garamondx] \CTANdirectory{gellmu}{support/gellmu}[gellmu] \CTANdirectory{genfam}{support/genfam} \CTANdirectory{geometry}{macros/latex/contrib/geometry}[geometry] @@ -476,6 +484,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{icons}{support/icons} \CTANdirectory{ifmtarg}{macros/latex/contrib/ifmtarg}[ifmtarg] \CTANdirectory{ifmslide}{macros/latex/contrib/ifmslide}[ifmslide] +\CTANdirectory{ifoddpage}{macros/latex/contrib/ifoddpage}[ifoddpage] \CTANdirectory{ifxetex}{macros/generic/ifxetex}[ifxetex] \CTANdirectory{imakeidx}{macros/latex/contrib/imakeidx}[imakeidx] \CTANdirectory{imaketex}{support/imaketex} @@ -553,9 +562,11 @@ \CTANdirectory{libertine}{fonts/libertine}[libertine] \CTANdirectory{libgreek}{macros/latex/contrib/libgreek}[libgreek] \CTANdirectory{lineno}{macros/latex/contrib/lineno}[lineno] -\CTANdirectory{listbib}{macros/latex/contrib/listbib} +\CTANdirectory{lipsum}{macros/latex/contrib/lipsum}[lipsum] +\CTANdirectory{listbib}{macros/latex/contrib/listbib}[listbib] \CTANdirectory{listings}{macros/latex/contrib/listings}[listings] \CTANdirectory{lm}{fonts/lm}[lm] +\CTANdirectory{lm-math}{fonts/lm-math}[lm-math] \CTANdirectory{lookbibtex}{biblio/bibtex/utils/lookbibtex} \CTANdirectory{lpic}{macros/latex/contrib/lpic}[lpic] \CTANdirectory{lsedit}{support/lsedit} @@ -641,7 +652,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{msx2msa}{fonts/vf-files/msx2msa} \CTANdirectory{msym}{fonts/msym} \CTANdirectory{mtp2lite}{fonts/mtp2lite}[mtp2lite] -\CTANdirectory{mtx}{support/mtx}[mtx] +\CTANdirectory{m-tx}{support/m-tx}[m-tx] \CTANdirectory{multenum}{macros/latex/contrib/multenum}[multenum] \CTANdirectory{multibbl}{macros/latex/contrib/multibbl}[multibbl] \CTANdirectory{multibib}{macros/latex/contrib/multibib}[multibib] @@ -652,6 +663,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{musixtex-fonts}{fonts/musixtex-fonts}[musixtex-fonts] \CTANdirectory{musixtex}{macros/musixtex}[musixtex] \CTANdirectory{mutex}{macros/mtex} +\CTANdirectory{mwe}{macros/latex/contrib/mwe}[mwe] \CTANdirectory{mxedruli}{fonts/georgian/mxedruli} \CTANdirectory{nag}{macros/latex/contrib/nag}[nag] \CTANdirectory{natbib}{macros/latex/contrib/natbib}[natbib] @@ -663,6 +675,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{newcommand}{support/newcommand}[newcommand] \CTANdirectory{newlfm}{macros/latex/contrib/newlfm}[newlfm] \CTANdirectory{newsletr}{macros/plain/contrib/newsletr} +\CTANdirectory{newtx}{fonts/newtx}[newtx] \CTANdirectory{nedit-latex}{support/NEdit-LaTeX-Extensions} \CTANdirectory{nonumonpart}{macros/latex/contrib/nonumonpart}[nonumonpart] \CTANdirectory{nopageno}{macros/latex/contrib/nopageno}[nopageno] @@ -708,7 +721,8 @@ \CTANdirectory{pdfscreen}{macros/latex/contrib/pdfscreen}[pdfscreen] \CTANdirectory{pdftex}{systems/pdftex}[pdftex] \CTANdirectory{pdftex-graphics}{graphics/metapost/contrib/tools/mptopdf}[pdf-mps-supp] -\CTANdirectory{pdftricks}{macros/latex/contrib/pdftricks}[pdftricks] +\CTANdirectory{pdftricks}{graphics/pdftricks}[pdftricks] +\CTANdirectory{pdftricks2}{graphics/pdftricks2}[pdftricks2] \CTANdirectory{pgf}{graphics/pgf}[pgf] \CTANdirectory{phonetic}{fonts/phonetic} \CTANdirectory{phy-bstyles}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/phy-bstyles} @@ -788,6 +802,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{refcheck}{macros/latex/contrib/refcheck}[refcheck] \CTANdirectory{refer-tools}{biblio/bibtex/utils/refer-tools} \CTANdirectory{refman}{macros/latex/contrib/refman}[refman] +\CTANdirectory{regexpatch}{macros/latex/contrib/regexpatch}[regexpatch] \CTANdirectory{revtex4-1}{macros/latex/contrib/revtex}[revtex4-1] \CTANdirectory{rnototex}{support/rnototex}[rnototex] \CTANdirectory{rotating}{macros/latex/contrib/rotating}[rotating] @@ -811,6 +826,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{selectp}{macros/latex/contrib/selectp}[selectp] \CTANdirectory{seminar}{macros/latex/contrib/seminar}[seminar] \CTANdirectory{shade}{macros/generic/shade}[shade] +\CTANdirectory{shorttoc}{macros/latex/contrib/shorttoc}[shorttoc] \CTANdirectory{showlabels}{macros/latex/contrib/showlabels}[showlabels] \CTANdirectory{slashbox}{macros/latex/contrib/slashbox}[slashbox] \CTANdirectory{smallcap}{macros/latex/contrib/smallcap}[smallcap] @@ -818,6 +834,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{snapshot}{macros/latex/contrib/snapshot}[snapshot] \CTANdirectory{soul}{macros/latex/contrib/soul}[soul] \CTANdirectory{spain}{biblio/bibtex/contrib/spain} +\CTANdirectory{spelling}{macros/luatex/latex/spelling}[spelling] \CTANdirectory{spiderweb}{web/spiderweb}[spiderweb] \CTANdirectory{splitbib}{macros/latex/contrib/splitbib}[splitbib] \CTANdirectory{splitindex}{macros/latex/contrib/splitindex}[splitindex] @@ -848,6 +865,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{texcount}{support/texcount}[texcount] \CTANdirectory{texdef}{support/texdef}[texdef] \CTANdirectory{tex-gpc}{systems/unix/tex-gpc}[tex-gpc] +\CTANdirectory{tex-gyre-math}{fonts/tex-gyre-math}[tex-gyre-math] \CTANdirectory{tex-overview}{info/tex-overview}[tex-overview] \CTANdirectory*{texhax}{digests/texhax}[texhax] \CTANdirectory{texi2html}{support/texi2html}[texi2html] @@ -892,12 +910,13 @@ \CTANdirectory{txfontsb}{fonts/txfontsb}[txfontsb] \CTANdirectory{txtdist}{support/txt}[txt] \CTANdirectory{type1cm}{macros/latex/contrib/type1cm}[type1cm] +\CTANdirectory{ucharclasses}{macros/xetex/latex/ucharclasses}[ucharclasses] +\CTANdirectory{ucs}{macros/latex/contrib/ucs}[ucs] \CTANdirectory{ucthesis}{macros/latex/contrib/ucthesis}[ucthesis] \CTANdirectory{uktex}{digests/uktex} \CTANdirectory{ulem}{macros/latex/contrib/ulem}[ulem] \CTANdirectory{umrand}{macros/generic/umrand} \CTANdirectory{underscore}{macros/latex/contrib/underscore}[underscore] -\CTANdirectory{unicode}{macros/latex/contrib/unicode}[unicode] \CTANdirectory{unicode-math}{macros/latex/contrib/unicode-math}[unicode-math] \CTANdirectory{unix}{systems/unix} \CTANdirectory{unpacked}{macros/latex/unpacked} @@ -935,6 +954,7 @@ \CTANdirectory{xcolor}{macros/latex/contrib/xcolor}[xcolor] \CTANdirectory{xcomment}{macros/generic/xcomment}[xcomment] \CTANdirectory*{xdvi}{dviware/xdvi}[xdvi] +\CTANdirectory{xecjk}{macros/xetex/latex/xecjk}[xecjk] \CTANdirectory{xetexref}{info/xetexref}[xetexref] \CTANdirectory*{xfig}{graphics/xfig}[xfig] \CTANdirectory*{xindy}{indexing/xindy}[xindy] diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-adj-types.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-adj-types.tex index 63a9dc49fd3..43c88b6fecf 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-adj-types.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-adj-types.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-adj-types.tex,v 1.41 2012/02/18 19:28:56 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-adj-types.tex,v 1.49 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Adjusting the typesetting} @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ in life is flowing text from one box on the page to the next. One of the package's design aims seems to have been the production of posters, and a worked example is provided. The author of \Package{flowfram} has an experimental tool called -\href{http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/jpgfdraw/}{JpgfDraw}, which +\href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/software.html#jpgfdraw}{JpgfDraw}, which allows you to construct the outline of frames for use with \Package{flowfram}. @@ -194,20 +194,17 @@ Despite the relative shortage of tools, there are a fair few web pages that explain the process (mostly in terms of the \Class{a0poster} route): \begin{itemize} -\item from Norman Gray, % ! line break +\item from Norman Gray, % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 \href{http://nxg.me.uk/docs/posters/}{Producing posters using \LaTeX{}}; -\item from Nicola Talbot, % ! line break - \href{http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/latex/posters/index.html}{Creating technical posters with \LaTeX{}} -\item from ``\emph{awf}'' and ``\emph{capes}'' % ! line break - \href{http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~awf/latex-posters/}{Preparing conference posters in \LaTeX{}} % ! line break - (the page discusses a sample, which you can download); -\item From Rob Clark % ! line break +\item from Nicola Talbot, % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 + \href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/latex/posters/}{Creating technical posters with \LaTeX{}} +\item From Rob Clark % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 \href{http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/robert/posters/advanced.html}{Advanced LaTeX Posters} % ! line break (which has links to code samples); -\item from Brian Wolven, % ! line break +\item from Brian Wolven, % ! line break this item failed 2012-10-02 \href{http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/~wolven/posters.html}{LaTeX Poster Macros, Examples, and Accessories} % ! line break (this page also provides macros and other support suggestions); and -\item from ``\emph{pjh}'' % ! line break +\item from ``\emph{pjh}'' % ! line break; this item checked 2012-10-02 \href{http://www.phys.ufl.edu/~pjh/posters/poster_howto_UF.html}{Making and printing a poster with \LaTeX{}}, % ! line break which covers the specific issue of dealing with University of Florida styled poster (offering supporting material as necessary), @@ -534,13 +531,35 @@ bundle offers ``extended'' versions of the article, report, book and letter classes, at sizes of 8, 9, 14, 17 and 20pt as well as the standard 10--12pt. Since little has been done to these classes other than to adjust font sizes and things directly related to them, they -may not be optimal~--- but they're certainly practical. +may not be optimal~--- but they are at least practical. More satisfactory are the \emph{\acro{KOMA}-script} classes, which are designed to work properly with the class option files that come with \Package{extsizes}, and the \Class{memoir} class that has its own options for document font sizes 9pt--12pt, 14pt, 17pt, 20pt, 25pt, -30pt, 36pt, 48pt and 60pt. +30pt, 36pt, 48pt and 60pt. The classes also offer size setup for any +old font size, and the \Package{scrextend} package can extend this +facility for use with any class: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage[fontsize=12.3]{scrextend} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will indeed set up the main document font to have size \texttt{12.3pt} +with an appropriate default baselineskip. The package ``knows'' about +\emph{\acro{KOMA}-script}'s default sizes, and for eccentric sizes +such as the example, it will produce a warning: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Using fallback calculation to setup font sizes +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(users should avoid becoming excited about that\dots{}). The package +suffers from the same problem as does \Package{extsizes}: the +resulting font sizes are the \emph{only} feature of the document that +is changed, and the appearance of the resulting document will probably +not be as good as if the document class had been designed for use at +the size chosen. Many classes, designed to produce typeset results other than on ``ordinary'' paper, will have their own font size mechanisms and @@ -554,7 +573,9 @@ ranges of sizes. This is true, for example, of % ! line break \item[extsizes bundle]\CTANref{extsizes} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} \item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[scrextend.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{koma-script} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-01} \subsection{Document structure} @@ -1254,8 +1275,8 @@ tailor the header text to fit, with very little trouble. \nothtml{\afterquestion} Finding the page number of the last page of a document, from within -the document, is somewhat tricky. The \Package{lastpage} package is -therefore supplied to make life easy for us all; it defines a label +the document, is somewhat tricky. The \Package{lastpage} and +\Package{zref-lastpage} packages define a label \texttt{LastPage} whose number is \emph{right} (after sufficiently many passes through \LaTeX{}, of course). The \Class{memoir} class also defines a ``last page'' label. @@ -1266,7 +1287,9 @@ as suggested in the question. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}fancyhdr documentation]\CTANref{fancyhdr} \item[lastpage.sty]\CTANref{lastpage} +\item[zref-lastpage]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[zref] \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-10-16} \Question[Q-pagebychap]{Page numbering by chapter} @@ -1783,8 +1806,9 @@ its own facilities for programming crop marks. \Question[Q-watermark]{`Watermarks' on every page} It's often useful to place some text (such as `DRAFT') in the -background of every page of a document. For \LaTeX{} users, this can -be achieved with the \Package{draftcopy} package. This can deal with +background of every page of a document. For \LaTeX{} users, the +simplest way to do this uses the \Package{draftcopy} package. This +can deal with many types of \acro{DVI} processors (in the same way that the graphics package does) and knows translations for the word `DRAFT' into a wide range of languages (though you can choose your own word, too). @@ -1807,13 +1831,12 @@ The \Package{xwatermark} package provides very flexible watermarking, with a ``modern'' (key-value) interface. More elaborate watermarks may be achieved using the \Package{eso-pic} -package, which in turn uses the package \Package{everyshi}, or by -using \Package{everypage}. \Package{Eso-pic} attaches a -\environment{picture} environment to every page as it is shipped out; -you can put things into that environment. The package provides -commands for placing things at certain useful points (like ``text -upper left'' or ``text centre'') in the picture, but you're at liberty -to do what you like. +package, or by using \Package{everypage} (see below). +\Package{Eso-pic} attaches a \environment{picture} environment to +every page as it is shipped out; the user can put things into that +environment: the package provides commands for placing things at +certain useful points (like ``text upper left'' or ``text centre'') in +the picture, but the user is at liberty to do what he or she likes. \Package{Eso-pic} is, in turn, built upon the package \Package{atbegshi}. That package has the capability to produce @@ -2341,11 +2364,12 @@ Possibly the `ultimate' in this field is the \Package{microtype}, which uses the micro-typography capabilities of current \PDFTeX{} to provide a \csx{textls} command, which operates according to parameters declared in a \csx{SetTracking} command. \Package{Microtype}'s -`tracking' facility expands the natural spacing font itself, rather -than inserting space between characters. Ordinarily, letter-spacing -will destroy ligatures; however, this is \emph{wrong} if the font is -of a fraktur style, and the package provides a means of protecting the -ligatures in a letter-spaced text. +`tracking' facility expands the natural spacing of the font itself, +rather than inserting space between characters. Ordinarily, +letter-spacing will destroy ligatures; however, this is \emph{wrong} +for some font styles (for example, \FontName{fraktur}), and the +package provides a means of protecting the ligatures in a +letter-spaced text. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[letterspacing.tex]\CTANref{letterspacing} \item[microtype.sty]\CTANref{microtype} @@ -2593,15 +2617,24 @@ a ``new'' language, as well as the presentation details of a language. The \Package{minted} package is another alternative that offers the means of creating new language definitions. It -requires that documents be pre-processed using an external -(\ProgName{python}) script, -\href{http://pygments.org/}{\ProgName{Pygments}}. +requires that code be processed using an external (\ProgName{python}) +script, \href{http://pygments.org/}{\ProgName{Pygments}}. \ProgName{Pygments}, in turn, needs a ``lexer'' that knows the language you want to process; lots of these are available, for the more commonly-used languages, and there is advice on ``rolling your own'' on the % ! line break. <a href='http://pygments.org/docs/lexerdevelopment/'>\ProgName{Pygments} site</a> +Usage of \Package{minted} can be as simple as +\begin{quote} + \cmdinvoke{begin}{minted}{\meta{language}}\\ + \dots{}\\ + \cmdinvoke{end}{minted} +\end{quote} +which processes the program code dynamically, at typesetting time~--- +though such usage is likely to require that % ! line break +\Qref*{separate processing be enabled}{Q-spawnprog}. + Longer-established, and variously less ``powerful'' systems include: \begin{itemize} \item The \ProgName{lgrind} system is a well-established @@ -2631,7 +2664,7 @@ Longer-established, and variously less ``powerful'' systems include: \item[tgrind]\CTANref{tgrind} \item[tiny\_c2l]\CTANref{tiny_c2l} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-03-09} +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} \Question[Q-algorithms]{Typesetting pseudocode in \LaTeX{}} @@ -2963,7 +2996,7 @@ Once Andreas Egler had withdrawn (his last version of the development, leading to the \Package{musixtex} used today. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[abc2mtex]\CTANref{abc2mtex} -\item[M-Tx]\CTANref{mtx} +\item[M-Tx]\CTANref{m-tx} \item[midi2tex]\CTANref{midi2tex} \item[musictex]\CTANref{musictex} % ! line breaks @@ -3260,22 +3293,26 @@ heading, including the space for section numbers. All these internal commands may be individually redefined to give the effect that you want. -Alternatively, the package \Package{tocloft} provides a set of -user-level commands that may be used to change the \acro{TOC} -formatting. Since exactly the same mechanisms are used for the List -of Figures and List of Tables, the layout of these sections may be -controlled in the same way. +All that work may be avoided, using the package \Package{tocloft} +which provides a set of user-level commands that may be used to change +the \acro{TOC} formatting. Since exactly the same mechanisms are used +for the List of Figures and List of Tables, the layout of these +sections may be controlled in the same way. + +The \Package{etoc} package offers similar flexibility, together with +multicolumn tables of contents and boxes around tables (and the like). The \Class{KOMA-Script} classes provides an optional variant structure for the table of contents, and calculates the space needed for the numbers automatically. The \Class{memoir} class includes the functionality of \Package{tocloft}. \begin{ctanrefs} +\item[etoc.sty]\CTANref{etoc} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} \item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} \item[tocloft.sty]\CTANref{tocloft} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-06-01} +\LastEdit{2012-11-20} \Question[Q-secnumdep]{Unnumbered sections in the Table of Contents} @@ -3570,7 +3607,7 @@ from this trick, \Package{splitidx} supports the same sorts of things as does \Package{index}. An example of use appears in the documentation. -The \Package{imakeidx} can do a wide range of things (in particular, +The \Package{imakeidx} package can do a wide range of things (in particular, it can run an index-builder~--- via % ! line break \Qref*{\csx{write18} commands}{Q-spawnprog}~--- so as to simplify business of making the final copy of a document). The package can diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-backgrnd.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-backgrnd.tex index ec62131e433..c7c17b7b2b7 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-backgrnd.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-backgrnd.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-backgrnd.tex,v 1.29 2011/10/02 20:13:05 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-backgrnd.tex,v 1.30 2012/10/10 20:37:43 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{The Background} @@ -393,8 +393,8 @@ on the \acro{TUG} site, % ! line break The acronym stands for ``Comprehensive \tex{} Archive Network'', which more-or-less specifies what it's \emph{for}: \begin{itemize} -\item The aim is to offer a comprehensive collection of \tex{} resources. -\item The content is to be made publicly accessible, via the internet. +\item The archives offer a comprehensive collection of \tex{} resources. +\item The content is made publicly accessible, via the internet. \item \acro{CTAN} is a \emph{network} of archives, which strive to stay in step with one another. \end{itemize} @@ -410,7 +410,9 @@ Actual implementation offers three distinct types of host: \item[\emph{Mirror} archives]Which do no more than take regular copies of core archives. \item[Archive selector]Which is a meta-service, which routes requests - to an apparently ``local'' source (mirror or archive). + to an apparently ``local'' mirror (``local'' is determined by an + algorithm that uses your net address to determine where you are, and + then selects a mirror that's close). \end{description} Note that there is nothing to prevent any archive from supporting other functions, so a \acro{CTAN} mirror may also operate as a @@ -419,32 +421,35 @@ mirror, and \dots{} Functions that distinguish core archives are: \begin{itemize} -\item Uploads: users may submit new (or updated) material, and - significant changes to the archive are reported via the mailing list - \Email{ctan-ann@dante.de} +\item Uploads: users may submit new (or updated) material via the + \Qref*{upload redirector}{Q-uploads}. Significant changes to the + archive are reported via the mailing list \Email{ctan-ann@dante.de} \item Weak consistency: changes to the content of the archives are - rapidly distributed to all core archives. + rapidly distributed to all core archives. (Consistency is `weak' + since changes can take several minutes to propagate.) \item Providing distribution (\texlive{} and \miktex{}) support. \item Catalogue maintenance. \item Mirror monitoring. \end{itemize} -Not all core archives offer all of these functions. -Users may contact the maintainers of the core archives via the mailing -list \mailto{ctan@dante.de} - -Users who have new material for the archive may submit it using the -\href{http://dante.ctan.org/upload/}{German} or -\href{http://www.tex.ac.uk/upload/}{UK} archive. +Users may make direct contact with the +\begin{flatversion} + \ctan{} management team, via \mailto{ctan@dante.de} +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{mailto:ctan@dante.de}{\ctan{} management team}. +\end{hyperversion} Users should ordinarily download material from \acro{CTAN} via the \href*{http://mirror.ctan.org/}{archive selector}: this uses the mirror monitor's database, and uses the caller's geographical location to offer an efficient choice of ``sufficiently up-to-date'' mirror site for -you to connect to. Note that all the download links, given in the web -representation of these \acro{FAQ}s, are set up to use the mirror -selector. -\LastEdit*{2011-04-21} +you to connect to. This procedure has the advantage of distributing +the load on \ctan{} mirrors. + +Note that all the download links, given in the web representation of +these \acro{FAQ}s, are set up to use the mirror selector. +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} \Question[Q-catalogue]{The (\acro{CTAN}) catalogue} @@ -931,7 +936,7 @@ Finally, of course, you can also print the files, or convert them to \Question[Q-whyfree]{If \TeX{} is so good, how come it's free?} It's free because Knuth chose to make it so (he makes money from -royalties on his \TeX{} books, which all sell well. He is nevertheless +royalties on his \TeX{} books, which still sell well). He is nevertheless apparently happy that others should earn money by selling \TeX{}-based services and products. While several valuable \TeX{}-related tools and packages are offered subject to restrictions imposed by the \acro{GNU} @@ -974,8 +979,8 @@ projects: see, for example, \Qref[question]{the LaTeX3 project}{Q-LaTeX3}) %\Qref[and]{and the SGML work}{Q-SGML}) to build substantial -new macro packages based on \TeX{}. For the even longer term, there -are various projects to build a \emph{successor} to \TeX{}. The +new macro packages based on \TeX{}. There are also +various projects to build a \emph{successor} to \TeX{}. The \Qref*{\eTeX{}}{Q-etex} extension to \TeX{} itself arose from such a project (\acro{NTS}). Another pair of projects, which have delivered all the results they are likely to deliver, is the related % ! line break @@ -985,7 +990,7 @@ development, but is widely used, and the % ! line break \Qref*{\LuaTeX{} project}{Q-luatex} (though not scheduled to produce its final product until end 2012) has already delivered a system that is quite useful. -\LastEdit{2011-07-06} +\LastEdit{2012-10-10} \Question[Q-readtex]{Reading \AllTeX{} files} @@ -1029,6 +1034,11 @@ So there's a balance between the simplicity of the original editor, and the really rather large investment needed to install a system to read a document ``as intended''. +Are you ``put off'' by all this?~--- remember that \tex{} is good at +producing \acro{PDF}: why not ask the person who sent the \tex{} file +to send an \acro{PDF} copy? +\LastEdit{2012-10-10} + \Question[Q-notWYSIWYG]{Why is \TeX{} not a \WYSIWYG{} system?} \WYSIWYG{} is a marketing term (``What you see is what you get'') for diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-biblio.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-biblio.tex index e23a5a512fd..9bece3e6f2d 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-biblio.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-biblio.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-biblio.tex,v 1.12 2012/02/11 10:14:41 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-biblio.tex,v 1.14 2012/11/10 14:25:12 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Bibliographies and citations} @@ -671,15 +671,12 @@ To create a bibliography for your document, you need to perform a sequence of steps, some of which seem a bit odd. If you choose to use \BibTeX{}, the sequence is: -First: you need a \BibTeX{} bibliography file (a \extension{bib} file)~--- see -\nothtml{``creating a \BibTeX{} file'' (\Qref[question]{}{Q-buildbib}).} -\begin{htmlversion} -``\Qref[question]{creating a \BibTeX{} file}{Q-buildbib}''. -\end{htmlversion} +First: you need a \BibTeX{} bibliography file (a \extension{bib} +file)~--- see \Qref*[question]{``creating a \BibTeX{} file''}{Q-buildbib}. Second: you must write your \LaTeX{} document to include a declaration of the `style' of bibliography, citations, and a reference to the -bibliography file mentioned in the step 1. So we may have a \LaTeX{} +bibliography file mentioned above. So we may have a \LaTeX{} file containing: \begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} @@ -835,10 +832,35 @@ The package \Package{bibunits} ties bibliographies to logical units within the document: the package will deal with chapters and sections (as defined by \LaTeX{} itself) and also defines a \environment{bibunit} environment so that users can select their own structuring. + +\Qref*{The \Package{biblatex} package}{Q-biblatex}, with +\ProgName{biber}, provides a similar facility; enclose the text for +which you want a local bibliography in a \environment{refsection} +environment, and place a \csx{printbibliography} command as the last +thing in that environment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{refsection} +\chapter{First chapter} +\section{Foo} +Some text \cite{this} +with citations \cite{that}. +\printbibliography +\end{refsection} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +Then process with \latex{} (of whatever flavour) and use +\ProgName{biber} to process the bibliography output. Note that +\csx{printbibliography} can take an optional argument +\pkgoption{heading=bib title} to provide the bibliography with a +(sub)section title. \begin{ctanrefs} -\item[chapterbib.sty]distributed as part of \CTANref{cite}[chapterbib] +\item[biber]\CTANref{biber} +\item[biblatex]\CTANref{biblatex} \item[bibunits.sty]\CTANref{bibunits} +\item[chapterbib.sty]distributed as part of \CTANref{cite}[chapterbib] \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-01-04} \Question[Q-multbib]{Multiple bibliographies?} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-bits+pieces.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-bits+pieces.tex index be1a21ba66b..06851bbc665 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-bits+pieces.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-bits+pieces.tex @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -% $Id: faq-bits+pieces.tex,v 1.24 2012/03/10 13:56:18 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-bits+pieces.tex,v 1.31 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Bits and pieces of \AllTeX{}} \Question[Q-dvi]{What is a \acro{DVI} file?} A \acro{DVI} file (that is, a file with the type or extension -\extension{dvi}) is \TeX{}'s main output file, when we use -``original'' \TeX{}; later \TeX{} systems, such as - \Qref*{\PDFTeX{}}{Q-whatpdftex} -may use other formats. \Qref*{\xetex}{Q-xetex} (released some time -after \pdftex{}) uses an +\extension{dvi}) is the main output file of ``original'' \tex{}; later +\tex{}-like systems, such as \Qref*{\pdftex{}}{Q-whatpdftex} may use +other formats. + +\Qref*{\xetex}{Q-xetex} (released some time after \pdftex{}) uses an ``extended \acro{DVI} format'' (\acro{XDV}) to send its output to its close-coupled \Qref*{\acro{DVI} driver}{Q-driver}, \ProgName{xdvipdfmx}. @@ -22,25 +22,25 @@ device or display. The \acro{DVI} file may be processed by a specifically for a particular printer, or it may be used by a previewer for display on a computer screen. The character encoding of a \acro{DVI} file is determined by the document itself~--- see % line break -``\Qref*{what are encodings}{Q-whatenc}'' for an explanation of what A -\TeX{} input file should produce the same \acro{DVI} file regardless -of which implementation of \TeX{} is used to produce it. +``\Qref*{what are encodings}{Q-whatenc}'' for an explanation of +encodings. A \TeX{} input file should produce the same \acro{DVI} file +regardless of which implementation of \TeX{} is used to produce it. A \acro{DVI} file contains all the information that is needed for printing or previewing except for the actual bitmaps or outlines of fonts, and -possibly material to be introduced by means of +any material to be introduced by means of \Qref*{\csx{special} commands}{Q-specials}. The canonical reference for the structure of a \acro{DVI} file is the source of Knuth's program \ProgName{dvitype} (whose original purpose, -as its name implies, was to view the content of a \acro{DVI} file), -and a partially complete ``standard'' for the way they should be +as its name implies, was to view the content of a \acro{DVI} file). +A partially complete ``standard'' for the way they should be processed may offer further enlightenment. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[\nothtml{rmfamily}DVI processing standard]\CTANref{dvistd} \item[dvitype]\CTANref{dvitype} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-10-10} +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} \Question[Q-driver]{What is a \acro{DVI} driver?} @@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ and \Qref[]{Using \PS{} fonts with \TeX{}}{Q-usepsfont}. \Question[Q-pk]{What are \acro{PK} files?} -\acro{PK} files (packed raster) are the canonical form of font +\acro{PK} files (packed raster) are the canonical form of \tex{} font bitmaps. The output from \Qref*{\MF{}}{Q-useMF} includes a generic -font (\acro{GF}) file and the utility \ProgName{gftopk} produces the +font (\acro{GF}) file and the utility \ProgName{gftopk} produces a \acro{PK} file from that. -There are a lot of \acro{PK} files, as one -is needed for each font, that is each magnification of each +There are potentially a lot of \acro{PK} files, as one +is needed for each font: that is for each magnification of each design (point) size for each weight for each font in each family. Further, since the \acro{PK} files for one printer do not necessarily @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ are closely matched to the capabilities of each printer, the size of the collection (and the resulting difficulty of maintaining it) has been a potent driver to the move towards outline fonts such as \Qref*{Adobe Type 1 fonts}{Q-adobetypen}. -\LastEdit{2011-10-10} +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} \Question[Q-tfm]{What are \acro{TFM} files?} @@ -97,8 +97,9 @@ and about ligatures and kerns within that font. One \acro{TFM} file is needed for each font used by \TeX{}, that is for each design (point) size for each weight for each family; each \acro{TFM} file serves for all magnifications of `its' font, so that there are (typically) fewer -\acro{TFM} files than there are \acro{PK} files. \TeX{} (\LaTeX{}, etc.\@) -itself needs only to know about the sizes of characters and their +\acro{TFM} files than there are \Qref*{\acro{PK}}{Q-pk} files. \TeX{}, +\LaTeX{}, etc.\@ +themselves need only know about the sizes of characters and their interactions with each other, but not what characters look like. By contrast, \acro{TFM} files are not, in principle, needed by the \acro{DVI} driver, which only needs to know about the glyphs that each @@ -108,21 +109,22 @@ Note that TrueType and OpenType fonts contain the necessary metrics, so that \Qref{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} and \Qref{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, using such fonts, have no need of \acro{TFM} files. A corollary of this is that setting up fonts for use by these engines is far \emph{easier}. -\LastEdit{2011-10-10} +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} -\Question[Q-virtualfonts]{Virtual fonts} +\Question[Q-virtualfonts]{What are virtual fonts?} Virtual fonts provide a means of collecting bits and pieces together -to make the glyphs of a font: the bits and pieces may be other glyphs, -rules and other ``basic'' typesetting commands, and the positioning -information that specifies how everything comes together. +to make the glyphs of a font: the bits and pieces may be glyphs from +``other'' fonts, rules and other ``basic'' typesetting commands, and +the positioning information that specifies how everything comes +together. An early instance of something like virtual fonts for \TeX{} was implemented by David Fuchs to use an unusual printer. However, for practical purposes for the rest of us, virtual fonts date from when Knuth specified a format and wrote some support software, in 1989 (he published an % ! line break -\href{http:/tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf}{article in \textsl{TUGboat}} +\href{http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf}{article in \textsl{TUGboat}} at the time; a plain text copy is available on \acro{CTAN}). Virtual fonts provide a way of telling \TeX{} about something more @@ -134,7 +136,8 @@ each glyph is to be processed. The virtual font may contain commands: \begin{itemize} \item to `open' one or more (real) fonts for subsequent use, -\item to remap a glyph from one of the (real) fonts, +\item to remap a glyph from one of the (real) fonts for use in the + virtual font, \item to build up a more complicated effect (using \acro{DVI} commands). \end{itemize} @@ -171,7 +174,7 @@ fonts (it uses \TeX{} to parse a description of the virtual font, and \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Virtual fonts ``how to'']\CTANref{vf-howto} \item[qdtexvpl]\CTANref{qdtexvpl} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-10-12} +\LastEdit{2012-10-20} \Question[Q-whatmacros]{What are (\TeX{}) macros} @@ -373,7 +376,8 @@ editor, so to use \csx{write18} for a file the editor's settings must be changed. Of course, the settings need restoring after the file is processed: you defeat the point of the original protection, that way. -The latest \miktex{} (version 2.9), and \tex{}~Live (2010 release) get +The latest \miktex{} (version 2.9), and recent \tex{}~Live (from the +2010 release) get around this by having a special ``limited'' version of \csx{write18} enabled `out of the box'. The idea is to allow only a pre-set list of commands (for example, \BibTeX{}, \progname{epstopdf}, \tex{} itself, @@ -406,7 +410,7 @@ when it starts. \item[epstopdf.sty]Distributed with Heiko Oberdiek's packages \CTANref{oberdiek}[epstopdf-pkg] \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-10-15} +\LastEdit{2012-12-03} \Question[Q-hyphen]{How does hyphenation work in \TeX{}?} @@ -429,8 +433,14 @@ selects grossly wrong ones. The algorithm matches candidates for hyphenation against a set of ``hyphenation patterns''. The candidates for hyphenation must be sequences of letters (or other single characters that \TeX{} may be -persuaded to think of as letters); things such as \TeX{}'s -\csx{accent} primitive interrupt hyphenation. +persuaded to think of as letters). Non-letters interrupt hyphenation; +this applies to \TeX{}'s \csx{accent} primitive (as in `syst\`eme') +just as much as the exclamation in`syst!eme'. + +(Hyphenation takes place on the characters ``sent to the printer''. +The problem with \csx{accent} is avoided~---in \latex{}~--- by the use +of the \Package{fontenc} package, as discussed in % ! line break +``\Qref*{Accented words aren t hyphenated}{Q-hyphenaccents}''.) Sets of hyphenation patterns are usually derived from analysis of a list of valid hyphenations (the process of derivation, using a tool @@ -456,7 +466,7 @@ it is very thoroughly managed by the \Package{babel} package; use of \end{wideversion} % beware line wrap \Qref[question]{hyphenation failure}{Q-nohyph}. -\LastEdit{2011-06-06} +\LastEdit{2012-12-03} \Question[Q-clsvpkg]{What are \LaTeX{} classes and packages?} @@ -512,6 +522,124 @@ option''). It doesn't really matter that the nomenclature has changed: the important requirement is to understand what other people are talking about. +\Question[Q-whatenv]{What are \latex{} ``environments''} + +While \tex{} makes direct provision for commands, \latex{} adds a +concept of ``environment''; environments perform an action on a block +(of something or other) rather than than just doing something at one +place in your document. + +A totally trivial environment could change the font in use for a chunk +of text, as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{monoblock}% + {\ttfamily}% + {} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which defines a \environment{monoblock} which may be used as +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{monoblock} + some text set in monospace +\end{monoblock} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will look like: +\begin{quote} + \texttt{some text set in monospace} +\end{quote} +so it is a particularly simple example. A rather complicated +environment is introduced by \cmdinvoke{begin}{document}; it looks +simple, but needs all sorts of special \tex{} code to make it work +`transparently'; most environments are more elaborate than +\environment{monoblock} and \emph{much} simpler than +\environment{document}. + +An environment puts its content inside a \tex{} \emph{group}, so that +commands used inside the environment don't `leak out'~--- the +\environment{monoblock} environment, above, restricts its effect to +its own contents (the stuff between the \cmdinvoke{begin}{monoblock} +and \cmdinvoke{end}{monoblock}), which is just what you need for this +sort of thing. + +So that's ``simple'' environments; the \environment{monoblock}, above +doesn't actually gain us much over +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +{\ttfamily some text set in monospace} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +though in fact many useful environments are just as simple (to look +at). Some, such as \environment{verbatim}, look simple but are +actually very tricky inside. + +\latex{} also allows arguments to an environment: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{fontblock}[1]% + {#1\selectfont}% + {} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +and use of \environment{fontblock} as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{fontblock}{\ttfamily} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +would produce the same effect as the \environment{monoblock} +environment. + +Environments may also have optional arguments, in much the same way as +commands: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{normaltext}[1][\itshape]% + {#1}% + {} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which will ordinarily set its body in italic, but +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{normaltext}[\ttfamily] + ... +\end{normaltext} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +will observe its optional argument, and behave the same as the +\environment{monoblock} we started with. + +Note that an environments argument(s) (mandatory or optional) are +\emph{not} passed to the `\csx{end}' text of the environment~--- that +is specified as a macro with no arguments, so that +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{normaltext}[1][\itshape]% + {#1}% + {\typeout{what was #1, again?} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +produces an error message +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Illegal parameter number in definition of \endnormaltext. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +So, if you need to pass an environment argument to the end-code, you +have to wrap it in a macro of its own: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newenvironment{normaltext}[1][Intro]% + {#1% + \newcommand{\foo}{#1}}% + {\typeout{what was \foo{}, again?} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\LastEdit*{2013-02-20} + \Question[Q-dtx]{Documented \LaTeX{} sources (\extension{dtx} files)} \LaTeXe{}, and most contributed macro packages, are now written in a @@ -753,21 +881,17 @@ to 256 characters); Unicode characters may require several bytes, and the scheme may express a very large number of characters. For ``old-style'' applications (\tex{} or \pdftex{}) to deal with -Unicode input, the sequence of bytes to make up Unicode character is -processed by a set of macros, and converted to an 8-bit number -representing a character in an appropriate font (in practice, only the -standard \acro{UTF}-8 byte sequences are supported). \tex{} code that -reads these bytes is complicated, but works well enough; there is an -\pkgoption{utf8} option for the \latex{} distribution -\Package{inputenc} package. The separate package \Package{ucs} -provides wider, but less robust, coverage via an \Package{inputenc} -option \pkgoption{utf8x}. Broadly, the difference is that -\pkgoption{utf8} deals with ``standard \latex{} fonts'' (those for -which \latex{} has a defined encoding), while \pkgoption{utf8x} deals -with pretty much anything for which it knows a mapping of a Unicode -range to a font. As a general rule, you should never use -\Package{ucs}/\pkgoption{utf8x} until you have convinced yourself that -\Package{inputenc}/\pkgoption{utf8} can not do the job for you. +Unicode input, the sequence of bytes to make up Unicode character are +processed by a set of macros that deliver a glyph number in an +appropriate font. The macros that read these bytes is complicated, +and manifests as \pkgoption{utf8} option for the \latex{} distribution +\Package{inputenc} package; the coverage of that option is limited to +Unicode characters that can be represented using ``\latex{} standard +encodings''. The separate package \Package{ucs} provides wider, but +less robust, coverage via an \Package{inputenc} option +\pkgoption{utf8x}. As a general rule, you should never use +\pkgoption{utf8x} until you have convinced yourself that +\pkgoption{utf8} can not do the job for you. `Modern' \tex{}-alike applications, \Qref*{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} and \Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex} read their input using \acro{UTF}-8 @@ -778,9 +902,9 @@ enable the engines to decide which font to use for which character (assuming there is any choice at all). \begin{ctanrefs} \item[inputenc.sty]Part of the \CTANref{latex} distribution -\item[ucs.sty]\CTANref{unicode} +\item[ucs.sty]\CTANref{ucs} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-03-07} +\LastEdit{2012-04-20} \Question[Q-tds]{What is the \acro{TDS}?} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-docs.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-docs.tex index 43c948b6dec..1ea0fa74119 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-docs.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-docs.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-docs.tex,v 1.37 2012/02/18 19:28:56 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-docs.tex,v 1.44 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Documentation and Help} @@ -554,15 +554,28 @@ the preamble too: that way, \LaTeX{} will produce a list of the packages you've used and their version numbers. This information may be useful evidence for people trying to help you. -What if your document simply doesn't fail in any of these cut-down -scenarios? Whatever you do, don't post the whole of the document: if +The process of `building up', and to some extent that of `hacking +down', can be helped by stuff available on \acro{CTAN}: +\begin{itemize} +\item the \Class{minimal} class (part of the \latex{} distribution) + does what its name says: it provides nothing more than what is + needed to get \latex{} code going, and +\item the \Package{mwe} bundle provides a number of images in formats + that \alltex{} documents can use, and a small package \Package{mwe} + which loads other useful packages (such as \Package{blindtext} and + \Package{lipsum}, both capable of producing dummy text in a + document). +\end{itemize} + +What if none of of these cut-down derivatives of your document will +show your error? Whatever you do, don't post the whole of the document: if you can, it may be useful to make a copy available on the web somewhere: people will probably understand if it's impossible~\dots{}\ or inadvisable, in the case of something confidential. -If the whole document is necessary, it could be that it's an overflow -of some sort; the best you can do is to post the code ``around'' the -error, and (of course) the full text of the error. +If the whole document is indeed necessary, it could be that your +error is an overflow of some sort; the best you can do is to post the +code ``around'' the error, and (of course) the full text of the error. It may seem that all this work is rather excessive for preparing a simple post. There are two responses to that, both based on the @@ -580,10 +593,17 @@ wait for your benefactor to produce a second response. All things considered, a good example file can save you a day, for perhaps half an hour's effort invested. -The above advice, differently phrased, may also be read on the web at -\URL{http://www.minimalbeispiel.de/mini-en.html}; source of that -article may be found at \URL{http://www.minimalbeispiel.de/}, in +Much of the above advice, differently phrased, may also be read on the +web at \URL{http://www.minimalbeispiel.de/mini-en.html}; source of +that article may be found at \URL{http://www.minimalbeispiel.de/}, in both German and English. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[blindtext.sty]\CTANref{blindtext} +\item[lipsum.sty]\CTANref{lipsum} +\item[minimal.cls]Distributed as part of \CTANref{latex} +\item[mwe.sty]\CTANref{mwe} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-01-09} \Question[Q-tutorials*]{Tutorials, etc., for \tex{}-based systems} @@ -675,14 +695,13 @@ Chris Harrison's % ! line break presents basic \LaTeX{} in a rather pleasing and straightforward way. Nicola Talbot's % ! line break -\href{http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/latex/novices/}{\LaTeX{} for complete novices} +\href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/latex/novices/}{\LaTeX{} for complete novices} does what it claims: the author teaches \LaTeX{} at the University of -East Anglia. That is one of several % ! line break -\href{http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/latex/}{introductory tutorials}, +East Anglia. The ``Novices'' tutorial is one of several % ! line break +\href{http://www.dickimaw-books.com/latex/}{introductory tutorials}, which include exercises (with solutions). Other tutorials include those for writing theses/dissertations with \LaTeX{}, and for using -\LaTeX{} in administrative work. (The page seems to be an adjunct to -her \LaTeX{} courses~--- fortunate people, the people of \acro{UEA}!). +\LaTeX{} in administrative work. Engelbert Buxbaum provides the `slides' for his \latex{} course `The \latex{} document preparation system'; this seems to be a departmental @@ -710,9 +729,11 @@ the source is also available). \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Simplified \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{simpl-latex} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Short Course in \LaTeX{}]\CTANref{mil-short} % ! line break -\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}The sins of \LaTeX{} users]\CTANref{l2tabuen}; - source also available: \CTANref{l2tabuen.src} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}The sins of \LaTeX{} users]Browse + \CTANref{l2tabu} for a copy of the document in a language that is + convenient for you \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-29} \Question[Q-tutbitslatex]{\AllTeX{} tutorials} \AliasQuestion{Q-doc-dirs} @@ -880,11 +901,11 @@ Following the encouraging performance of the % ! line break \href{http://contextgarden.net/}{\CONTeXT{} \acro{WIKI}}, valiant efforts have been made generating ``\acro{WIKI} books'' for \AllTeX{} users. Thus we have % ! line break -\href{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/TeX}{(Plain) \TeX{} \acro{WIKI}} and -\href{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX}{\LaTeX{} \acro{WIKI}}~--- -both well established. Neither would seem exactly of ``publication -quality'' (though that isn't really the aim), but they are both useful -reference sources. +\href{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/TeX}{(Plain) \TeX{} \acro{WIKI} book} and +\href{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX}{\LaTeX{} \acro{WIKI} book}~--- +both well established. Both are highly rated as reference sources, +and even as introductory texts. +\LastEdit{2012-07-25} \Question[Q-typo-style]{Typography tutorials} @@ -954,25 +975,35 @@ is the poor user to find out what to do? If you're lucky, the package you need is already in your installation. If you're particularly lucky, you're using a distribution that gives access to package documentation and the documentation is available in -a form that can easily be shown. For example, on many current -distributions, the \ProgName{texdoc} command often helps, as in: +a form that can easily be shown. + +On \texlive{}-based distributions, help should be available from the +\ProgName{texdoc} command, as in: \begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} texdoc footmisc \end{verbatim} \end{quote} -which opens a window showing documentation of the -\Package{footmisc} package. According to the type of file -\ProgName{texdoc} finds, it will launch a \acro{DVI} viewer -or a \acro{PDF} reader. +which opens a window showing documentation of the \Package{footmisc} +package. (The window is tailored to the file type, in the way normal +for the system.) If \ProgName{texdoc} can't find any documentation, it may launch a Web -browser to look at its copy of the \acro{CTAN} catalogue. The -catalogue has an entry for package documentation, and since the -\acro{CTAN} team asks authors documentation of their packages (and -members of the team even occasionally generate documentation that -seems useful), you will more often than not find documentation that -way. +browser to look at the package's entry in the \acro{CTAN} catalogue. +The catalogue has an entry for package documentation, and most authors +respond to the \acro{CTAN} team's request for documentation of +packages, you will more often than not find documentation that way. + +On \miktex{} systems, the same function is provided by the +\ProgName{mthelp}. + +Note that the site \url{texdoc.net} provides access to the +documentation you \emph{would} have if you had a \emph{full} +installation of \texlive{}; on the site you can simply ask for a +package (as you would ask \ProgName{texdoc}, or you can use the site's +index of documentation to find what you want. (This is helpful for +some of us: many people don't have a full \alltex{} installation on +their mobile phone~\dots{} yet.) If your luck (as defined above) doesn't hold out, you've got to find documentation by other means. That is, you have to find the @@ -1021,7 +1052,7 @@ to write, it should be hard to use'' philosophy). Most ordinary mortals will seek support from some more experienced user at this stage, though it \emph{is} possible to proceed in the way that the original author apparently expected\dots{}by reading his code. -\LastEdit{2011-12-29} +\LastEdit{2012-11-09} \Question[Q-writecls]{Learning to write \LaTeX{} classes and packages} @@ -1071,6 +1102,36 @@ understanding \File{classes.dtx} \end{ctanrefs} \LastEdit{2011-07-19} +\Question[Q-latex3-prog]{\latex{}3 programming} +As yet, there is no book ``Programming in \latex{}3'', and even if +such a thing existed there would be lots of gaps. So there is no +\emph{comprehensive} support. + +However, there are some `resources': +\begin{itemize} +\item The ``introduction to \latex{}3 ideas'' in the \Package{expl3} + documentation gives a broad-brush overview of the concepts. +\item Joseph Wright has written a short series of % !line break + \href{http://www.texdev.net/index.php?s=programming+latex3}{blog posts}, + which may help. +\item There is also a complete command reference in the + \Package{interface3} document. +\end{itemize} + +The documents are still subject to development; some of the broader +design issues are discussed on the \latex{} mailing list +\texttt{latex-l}~--- you may subscribe to that list by sending a +message by sending a message +\begin{quote} + `\texttt{subscribe latex-l <\emph{your name}>}' +\end{quote} +to \mailto{listserv@urz.Uni-Heidelberg.de} +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[expl3.pdf]\CTANref{expl3-doc} +\item[interface3.pdf]\CTANref{interface3-doc} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2012-11-29} + \Question[Q-mfptutorials]{\MF{} and \MP{} Tutorials} Apart from Knuth's book, there seems to be only one publicly-available @@ -1165,6 +1226,26 @@ of which are not shown (or even mentioned) in \AllTeX{} books. \emph{et al.}\@) illustrates over 2000 symbols, and details the commands and the \LaTeX{} packages needed to produce them. +However, while the symbol list is a wonderful resource, it is never +easy to find a particular symbol there. A graphical % ! line break +\href{http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}{symbol search} is +available on the web. The site provides you a scratch area on which +you draw the symbol you're thinking of, with your mouse; when you've +finished drawing, the classifier tries to match your sketch with +symbols it knows about. The matching process is pretty good, even for +the sketches of a \emph{really} poor draughtsman (such as the present +author), and it's often worth trying more than once. `Detexify apps' +are available for both Android and iPhone devices, you can use them to +draw the symbol with your fingertip~--- a less challenging procedure +than using your workstation's mouse, by all accounts! + +If you are using Unicode maths in \xetex{} or \luatex{}, your own +distribution ought to provide the Unicode maths symbol table +\File{unimath-symbols.pdf}; this lists the things available in the +commonly-used mathematics fonts. (If the file isn't already available +on your system, you can download it from \acro{CTAN}, where it live +with the \Package{unicode-math} package. + Other questions in this \acro{FAQ} offer specific help on kinds of symbols: \begin{itemize} @@ -1172,37 +1253,29 @@ symbols: \item \Qref*{Fonts for the number sets}{Q-numbersets} \item \Qref*{Typesetting the principal value integral}{Q-prinvalint} \end{itemize} - -A useful new % ! line break -\href{http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}{symbol search} web -site is available. It provides you a scratch area on which you draw -the symbol you're thinking of, with your mouse; when you've finished -drawing, the classifier tries to match your sketch with symbols it -knows about. The matching process is pretty good, even for the -sketches of a \emph{really} poor draughtsman, and it's often worth -trying more than once. Given the huge size of the symbol list, this -tool can be very helpful. \begin{ctanrefs} -\item[Symbol List]Browse \CTANref{symbols}; there are processed - versions \acro{PDF} form for both A4 and letter paper. +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Symbol List]Browse \CTANref{symbols}; there + are processed versions \acro{PDF} form for both A4 and letter paper. +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Unicode maths symbols]Distributed as part of + \CTANref{unicode-math} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-07-01} +\LastEdit{2012-09-03} -\Question[Q-docpictex]{The \PiCTeX{} manual} +\Question[Q-docpictex]{The \pictex{} manual} -\PiCTeX{} is a set of macros by Michael Wichura for drawing diagrams +\pictex{} is a set of macros by Michael Wichura for drawing diagrams and pictures. The macros are freely available; however, the -\PiCTeX{} manual itself is not free. +\pictex{} manual itself is not free. Unfortunately, \acro{TUG} is no longer able to supply copies of the manual (as it once did), and it is now available only through Personal \TeX{} Inc, the vendors of PC\TeX{} (\URL{http://www.pctex.com/}). The manual is \emph{not} available electronically. -However, there \emph{is} a summary of \PiCTeX{} commands available on +However, there \emph{is} a summary of \pictex{} commands available on \acro{CTAN}, which is a great aide-memoire for those who basically know the package to start with. \begin{ctanrefs} -\item[pictex]\CTANref{pictex} -\item[PiCTeX summary]\CTANref{pictex-summary} +\item[\pictex{}]\CTANref{pictex} +\item[\pictex{} summary]\CTANref{pictex-summary} \end{ctanrefs} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fmt-conv.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fmt-conv.tex index 9ad13a1ee2e..b899a2d62f4 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fmt-conv.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fmt-conv.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-fmt-conv.tex,v 1.7 2011/07/21 19:16:13 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-fmt-conv.tex,v 1.8 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Format conversions} @@ -343,9 +343,21 @@ translated to or from this one. \ProgName{FrameMaker} provides \Question[Q-readML]{Using \TeX{} to read \acro{SGML} or \acro{XML} directly} -This can nowadays be done, with a certain amount of clever macro -programming. David Carlisle's \Package{xmltex} is the prime example; -it offers a solution (of sorts) for typesetting \acro{XML} files. +\Qref{\context{} (mark \acro{IV})}{Q-context} can process some +\acro{*ML}, to produce typeset output directly. Details of what can +(and can not) be done, are discussed in % ! line break +\href{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/XML}{The \context{} \acro{WIKI}}. +\context{} is probably the system of choice for \alltex{} users who +also need to work in \acro{XML} (and friends). (Note that \context{} +mark~\acro{IV} requires \Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex}, and should +therefore be regarded as experimental, though many people \emph{do} +use it successfully). + +Older systems also manage, using no more than \alltex{} macro +programming, to process \acro{XML} and the like. David Carlisle's +\Package{xmltex} is the prime example; it offers a solution +for typesetting \acro{XML} files, and is still in active (though not +very widespread) use. One use of a \TeX{} that can typeset \acro{XML} files is as a backend processor for \acro{XSL} formatting objects, serialized as \acro{XML}. @@ -355,9 +367,11 @@ achieve this end. However, modern usage would proceed via \acro{XSL} or \acro{XSLT}2 to produce a formattable version. \begin{ctanrefs} +\item[Context]\CTANref{context} \item[xmltex]\CTANref{xmltex} \item[passivetex]\CTANref{passivetex} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-21} \Question[Q-recovertex]{Retrieving \AllTeX{} from \acro{DVI}, etc.} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fonts.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fonts.tex index 364bae81c4b..0df8df5671f 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fonts.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-fonts.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-fonts.tex,v 1.17 2011/09/04 10:03:23 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-fonts.tex,v 1.20 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ \section{Fonts} @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ have a couple options: \PS{} previewer. Some systems offer this capability as standard, but most people will need to use a separate previewer such as \ProgName{ghostscript} or \ProgName{ghostscript}-based viewers - such as \ProgName{gv} or shareware offering \ProgName{GSview}. + such as (free) \ProgName{gv} or (shareware) \ProgName{GSview}. % \item Under Windows on a \acro{PC}, or on a Macintosh, let Adobe Type Manager % display the fonts (textures, on the Macintosh, works like this). % %% , and under @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ want to override them. Even the casual user may find more hyphenation or overfull boxes than Computer Modern produces; but \acro{CM} is extremely generous. -\Question[Q-psfchoice]{Choice of scalable outline fonts} +\Question[Q-psfchoice]{Choice of Type~1 fonts for typesetting Maths} If you are interested in text alone, you can in principle use any of the huge numbers of text fonts in Adobe Type~1, TrueType or OpenType @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ by \URL{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-3/tb40horn.pdf} or \URL{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb19-2/tb59bouc.pdf}, respectively). \end{narrowversion} -For mathematics, then, there are relatively few choices (though the list is +For mathematics, then, there are rather few choices (though the list is at last growing). There are several font families available that are based on Knuth's original designs, and some that complement other commercial text font designs; one set (MicroPress's `informal math') @@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ mathematics include: fonts are now freely available from \acro{CTAN}. Their quality is such that they have become the \emph{de facto} standard for Type~1 versions of the fonts. + \item[\acro{AMS} fonts](52 fonts, optical scaling) The \acro{AMS}\\ This set of fonts offers adjuncts to the \acro{CM} set, including two sets of symbol fonts (\FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm}) and @@ -237,7 +238,8 @@ mathematics include: of the Euler maths alphabet in conjunction with text fonts that do not provide maths alphabets of their own (for instance, Adobe Palatino or Minion). -\item[mathpazo version 1.003](5 fonts) Diego Puga\\ + +\item[Mathpazo version 1.003](5 fonts) Diego Puga\\ The Pazo Math fonts are a family of type~1 fonts suitable for typesetting maths in combination with the Palatino family of text fonts. Four of the five fonts of the distribution are maths @@ -248,6 +250,7 @@ mathematics include: \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont}; the fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}, with legalese permitting the use of the fonts in published documents. + \item[Fourier/Utopia](15 fonts) Michel Bovani\\ \FontName{Fourier} is a family built on Adobe \FontName{Utopia} (which has been released for usage free of charge by Adobe). The @@ -260,11 +263,13 @@ mathematics include: expected to use \acro{T}1. For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/utopia/} + \item[Fourier/New Century Schoolbook]Michael Zedler\\ \FontName{Fouriernc} is a configuration using the Fourier fonts in the context of New Century Schoolbook text fonts. For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/newcent/} + \item[KP-fonts]The Johannes Kepler project\\ The \FontName{kp-fonts} family provides a comprehensive set of text and maths fonts. The set includes replacement fixed-width and sans @@ -273,17 +278,14 @@ mathematics include: \Package{kpfonts} \LaTeX{} support package). For an example, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/kpserif/} -\item[MathDesign](4 entire families\dots{}so far) Paul Pichaureau\\ - This set so far offers mathematics fonts to match Adobe Utopia, URW - Garamond, Bitstream Charter (all of which are separately available, - on \acro{CTAN}, in Type~1 format) and Fontsite Garamond - (which is a commercial font, available from the % ! line wrap (twice) -\begin{wideversion} - \href{FontSite Web shop}{http://www.fontsite.com/Pages/FFDownloads.html}). -\end{wideversion} -\begin{narrowversion} - FontSite Web shop, \URL{http://www.fontsite.com/Pages/FFDownloads.html}). -\end{narrowversion} + +\item[MathDesign](3 free families, 3 commercial-based + families\dots{}so far) Paul Pichaureau\\ + This set so far offers mathematics fonts to match the free fonts + Adobe Utopia, URW Garamond and Bitstream Charter (the text versions + of all of which are separately available, on \acro{CTAN}, in Type~1 + format), and Adobe Garamond Pro, Adobe UtopiaStd and ITC Charter + (which are commercial fonts, all available for purchase on the web). There has been a little comment on these fonts, but none from actual users posted to the public forums. Users, particularly those who are willing to discuss their experiences, would obviously @@ -294,6 +296,7 @@ mathematics include: \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/charter/} for URW Charter, \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/garamond/} for URW Garamond and \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/utopia-md/} for Adobe Utopia. + \item[Belleek](3 fonts) Richard Kinch\\ Belleek is the upshot of Kinch's thoughts on how \MF{} might be used in the future: they were published simultaneously as \MF{} source, @@ -304,15 +307,15 @@ mathematics include: The paper outlining Kinch's thoughts, proceeding from considerations of the `intellectual' superiority of \MF{} to evaluations of why its adoption is so limited and what might be done about the problem, is - to be found at \URL{http://truetex.com/belleek.pdf} (the paper is a - good read, but is set with Bitmap fonts, and can be difficult - on-screen in Acrobat reader 5 or earlier). + to be found at \URL{http://truetex.com/belleek.pdf} + \item[MTPro2 Lite]Pubish or Perish (Michael Spivak)\\ A (functional) subset of the MathTime Pro 2 font set, that is made available, free, for general use. While it does not offer the full power of the commercial product (see below), it is nevertheless a desirable font set. -\item[mathptmx]Alan Jeffrey, Walter Schmidt and others.\\ + +\item[Mathptmx]Alan Jeffrey, Walter Schmidt and others.\\ This set contains maths italic, symbol, extension, and roman virtual fonts, built from Adobe Times, Symbol, Zapf Chancery, and the Computer Modern fonts. The resulting mixture is not entirely @@ -322,9 +325,11 @@ mathematics include: is available in \Qref*{\acro{PSNFSS}}{Q-usepsfont}. For a sample, see \url{http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/times/} + \item[Computer Modern Bright]Free scalable outline versions of these fonts do exist; they are covered below together with their commercial parallels. + \item[URW Classico](4 fonts) LaTeX support by Bob Tennent\\ These are clones of Zapf's Optima available from CTAN (for non-commercial use only). Mathematics support can be provided by @@ -371,6 +376,7 @@ commercially, include: For further details (including samples) see\\ \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/chmath/chmain.htm} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[Computer Modern Bright](62 fonts~--- optical scaling) Walter Schmidt\\ \acro{CM} Bright is a family of sans serif fonts, based on Knuth's @@ -388,6 +394,7 @@ commercially, include: For further details of Micropress' offering (including samples) see\\ \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/brmath/brmain.htm} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[Concrete Math](25 fonts~--- optical scaling) Ulrik Vieth\\ The Concrete Math font set was derived from the Concrete Roman typefaces designed by Knuth. The set provides a collection of math @@ -404,6 +411,7 @@ commercially, include: For further information (including samples) see\\ \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ccmath/ccmain.htm} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[HV Math](14 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ HV Math is a family of sans serif fonts, inspired by the Helvetica (\acro{TM}) typeface. HV Math comprises the fonts @@ -419,6 +427,7 @@ commercially, include: For further details (and samples) see\\ \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/hvmath/hvmain.htm} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[Informal Math](7 outline fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ Informal Math is a family of fanciful fonts loosely based on the Adobe's Tekton (\acro{TM}) family, fonts which imitate handwritten @@ -432,6 +441,7 @@ commercially, include: For further details (including samples) see\\ \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ifmath/ifmain.htm} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[Lucida Bright \emph{with} Lucida New Math](25 fonts) Chuck Bigelow and Kris Holmes\\ Lucida is a family of related fonts including seriffed, sans serif, @@ -457,6 +467,7 @@ commercially, include: \end{wideversion} has details. \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[Adobe Lucida, LucidaSans \emph{and} LucidaMath](12 fonts)\\ Lucida and LucidaMath are generally considered to be a bit heavy. The three maths fonts contain only the glyphs in the \acro{CM} maths @@ -465,6 +476,7 @@ commercially, include: reencoding fonts \emph{etc}. (In some sense this set is the ancestor of the LucidaBright plus LucidaNewMath font set, which are not currently available.) + \item[MathTime Pro2]Publish or Perish (Michael Spivak)\\ This latest instance of the MathTime family covers all the weights (medium, bold and heavy) and symbols of previous versions of @@ -478,6 +490,7 @@ commercially, include: For further details and samples and fliers, see \URL{http://www.pctex.com/mtpro2.html} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[Minion Pro and MnSymbol]Adobe, \LaTeX{} support and packaging by Achim Blumensath \emph{et al}.\\ \FontName{Minion Pro} derives from the widely-available commercial @@ -486,6 +499,7 @@ commercially, include: \Package{MinionPro} package will set up text and maths support using \FontName{Minion Pro}, but a separate (free) font set \FontName{MnSymbol} greatly extends the symbol coverage. + \item[PA Math] PA~Math is a family of serif fonts loosely based on the Palatino (\acro{TM}) typeface. PA~Math comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths @@ -500,6 +514,7 @@ commercially, include: For further details (and samples) see\\ \URL{http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/pamath/pamain.htm} \nothtml{\par\egroup} + \item[TM Math](14 fonts) MicroPress Inc.\\ TM Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the Times (\acro{TM}) typeface. TM Math comprises the fonts necessary for @@ -520,7 +535,7 @@ Two other font sets should be mentioned, even though they don't currently produce satisfactory output~--- their author is no longer working on them, and several problems have been identified: \begin{booklist} -\item[pxfonts set version 1.0](26 fonts) by Young Ryu\\ +\item[Pxfonts set version 1.0](26 fonts) by Young Ryu\\ The \FontName{pxfonts} set consists of \begin{itemize} \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Palatino} @@ -549,10 +564,12 @@ working on them, and several problems have been identified: The fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}; use in published documents is permitted. -\item[txfonts set version 3.1](42 fonts) by Young Ryu\\ + +\item[Txfonts set version 3.1](42 fonts) by Young Ryu\\ The \FontName{txfonts} set consists of \begin{itemize} - \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Times} (or the \acro{URW} + \item virtual text fonts using \FontName{Adobe} \FontName{Times} (or + the \acro{URW} replacement used by \ProgName{ghostscript}) with modified plus, equal and slash symbols; \item matching sets of sans serif and monospace (`typewriter') @@ -574,18 +591,31 @@ working on them, and several problems have been identified: The fonts are licensed under the \acro{GPL}; use in published documents is permitted. -\item[txfontsb set version 1.00] by Young Ryu and Antonis Tsolomitis\\ + +\item[Txfontsb set version 1.00] by Young Ryu and Antonis Tsolomitis\\ The \ProgName{txfontsb} bundles \ProgName{txfonts}, extended to provide a Small Caps set, Old-Style numbers and Greek text (from the GNU Freefont set). \begin{flatversion} Documentation - (\URL{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb/txfontsb.pdf}) + (\URL{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb.pdf}) \end{flatversion} \begin{hyperversion} - \href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb/txfontsb.pdf}{Documentation} + \href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/txfontsb/doc/txfontsb.pdf}{Documentation} \end{hyperversion} is available for this variant, too. + +\item[Newtx]by Michael Sharpe from Young Ryu's \ProgName{txfonts}\\ + This collection is derived from \ProgName{txfonts}; the maths fonts + metrics have been adjusted so that the output is less cramped than + when \ProgName{txfonts} is used; the appearance of the output is + much improved. Two packages are provided, \Package{newtxtext} for + using the associated text fonts, and \Package{newtxmath} for + mathematics. Options are provided to substitute + letters and symbols from the \FontName{Libertine} set, and from the + Garamond extension font \FontName{garamondx} (but note that + \FontName{garamondx}, which is an adaptation of \acro{URW} Garamond, + is not available via \texlive{}). \end{booklist} Finally, one must not forget: \begin{booklist} @@ -598,10 +628,10 @@ Finally, one must not forget: than those that are. \end{booklist} We observe a very limited selection of commercial maths font sets; a -maths font has to be explicitly designed for use with \TeX{}, which is -an expensive business, and is of little appeal in other markets. -Furthermore, the \TeX{} market for commercial fonts is minute by -comparison with the huge sales of other font sets. +Type~1 maths font has to be explicitly designed for use with \TeX{}, +which is an expensive business, and is of little appeal in other +markets. Furthermore, the \TeX{} market for commercial fonts is +minute by comparison with the huge sales of other font sets. Text fonts in Type~1 format are available from many vendors including Adobe, Monotype and Bitstream. However, be careful with cheap font @@ -643,10 +673,12 @@ print file (\PS{} or \acro{PDF}) for their output device. \item[fourier \nothtml{\normalfont}(including metrics and other support for \nothtml{\itshape}utopia]% \CTANref{fourier} \item[fouriernc]\CTANref{fouriernc} +\item[garamondx]\CTANref{garamondx} \item[hfbright \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{hfbright} \item[hvmath \nothtml{\normalfont\itshape}(free bitmapped version)]% \CTANref{hvmath} \item[kpfonts \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{kpfonts} +\item[Libertine \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{libertine} \item[Lucida Bright/Math metrics]\CTANref{lucida} \item[Lucida PSNFSS support]\CTANref{lucida-psnfss} \item[MathDesign \nothtml{\normalfont}collection]\CTANref{mathdesign} @@ -655,6 +687,7 @@ print file (\PS{} or \acro{PDF}) for their output device. \item[\nothtml{\normalfont}MathTime Pro 2 Lite]\CTANref{mtp2lite} \item[\nothtml{\normalfont}Minion Pro support]\CTANref{minionpro} \item[MnSymbol \nothtml{\normalfont}family]\CTANref{mnsymbol} +\item[Newtx \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]\CTANref{newtx} \item[pxfonts]\CTANref{pxfonts} \item[sansmath.sty]\CTANref{sansmath} \item[tmmath \nothtml{\normalfont\itshape}(free bitmapped version)]% @@ -662,7 +695,7 @@ print file (\PS{} or \acro{PDF}) for their output device. \item[txfonts]\CTANref{txfonts} \item[utopia \nothtml{\normalfont}fonts]\CTANref{utopia} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-03-23} +\LastEdit{2012-10-24} \Question[Q-charshift]{Weird characters in \ProgName{dvips} output} \keywords{fi ligature pound pounds sterling elephants} @@ -681,7 +714,8 @@ explicitly, \emph{don't}; if you were using \texttt{-Ppdf}, add \texttt{-G0} to suppress the implicit switch in the pseudo-printer file. The problem has been corrected in \ProgName{dvips} v~5.90 (and later -versions), which should be available in any recent \TeX{} distribution. +versions); it is unlikely ever to recur\dots{} +\LastEdit{2012-10-24} \subsection{Macros for using fonts} @@ -716,13 +750,12 @@ Text set using nonstdfont italic... \end{quote} This is all very elementary stuff, and serves for simple use of fonts. However, there are wrinkles, the most important of which is the matter -of \Qref*{font encodings}{Q-whatenc}. Unfortunately, many fonts that -have appeared recently simply don't come in versions using Knuth's -eccentric font encodings~--- but those encodings are built into -\plaintex{}, so that some macros of \plaintex{} need to be changed to -use the fonts. \LaTeX{} gets around all these problems by using a -``font selection scheme''~--- this `\acro{NFSS}' (`\acro{N}' for -`new', as opposed to what \LaTeXo{} had) carries around with it +of \Qref*{font encodings}{Q-whatenc}. One almost never sees new fonts +that use Knuth's eccentric font encodings~--- but those encodings are +built into \plaintex{}, so that some macros of \plaintex{} need to be +changed to use the fonts. \LaTeX{} gets around all these problems by +using a ``font selection scheme''~--- this `\acro{NFSS}' (`\acro{N}' +for `new', as opposed to what \LaTeXo{} had) carries around with it separate information about the fonts you use, so the changes to encoding-specific commands happen automagically. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-getit.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-getit.tex index cc349bdcb11..f07eef697a8 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-getit.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-getit.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-getit.tex,v 1.9 2011/05/08 10:16:43 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-getit.tex,v 1.10 2012/03/31 09:22:17 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Acquiring the Software} @@ -13,56 +13,28 @@ in this \acro{FAQ} is archived at the \acro{CTAN} sites (see the lists of software at the end of each answer). -\begin{flatversion} - The \acro{CTAN} sites are in Germany and the UK; the - directory layout is the same on each of the sites, starting from a - tree root of \path{tex-archive/} The sites are - \texttt{dante.ctan.org} (Dante, Germany) and \texttt{www.tex.ac.uk} - (Cambridge, UK).% and \texttt{tug.ctan.org} (TUG, USA). -\end{flatversion} -\begin{hyperversion} - The \acro{CTAN} sites are - \href{http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive}{Dante (Germany)} and - \href{http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive}{Cambridge (UK)}; -% \href{http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive}{TUG (USA)}; - the links are to - the root of the \acro{CTAN} tree, above which the layout is - identical at each site. -\end{hyperversion} - -The \TeX{} files at each \acro{CTAN} node may also be accessed using -\texttt{ftp} at \acro{URL}s \URL{ftp://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive} and -\URL{ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive} -%and \URL{ftp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive} -respectively. - -As a matter of course, to reduce network load, -please use the \acro{CTAN} site -or mirror closest to you. A complete and current list of \acro{CTAN} sites -and known mirrors is available as file \CTANref{CTAN-sites} on the -archives themselves. - -Better still, the script behind \URL{http://mirror.ctan.org/} will -cunningly choose a ``nearby'' mirror for you, using information from -the database `behind' \CTANref{CTAN-sites}; it will offer a connection -using \texttt{http} (web) protocol if one is available, otherwise one -using \texttt{ftp} protocol. +There are two main \acro{CTAN} sites (in Germany and the \acro{UK}), +but users should ordinarily collect material via the % ! line break +\href{http://mirror.ctan.org/}{\acro{CTAN} mirror redirector} +(which connects you to a mirror that is in some sense ``near'' to +you). To access a particular thing through the \texttt{mirror.ctan.org} mechanism, simply place the \acro{CTAN} path after the base \acro{URL}; so \URL{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/footmisc/} will connect you to the \Package{footmisc} directory at some \acro{CTAN} -site (or a mirror)~--- note that the \File{tex-archive} part of the -\acro{CTAN} path isn't needed. +mirror. For details of how to find files at \acro{CTAN} sites, see ``\Qref*{finding \AllTeX{} files}{Q-findfiles}''. The \TeX{} user who has no access to any sort of network may buy a copy of the archive as part of the -\Qref*{\texlive{} distribution}{Q-CD}. -\LastEdit{2011-04-26} +\Qref*{\texlive{} distribution}{Q-CD}; the disc is, necessarily, out +of date, but it is likely to be better than what (if anything) came +with your operating system. +\LastEdit{2012-12-14} \Question[Q-tds-zip]{Ready-built installation files on the archive} @@ -143,13 +115,14 @@ the main tree''. \Question[Q-uploads]{Contributing a file to the archives} -You have something to submit to the archive~--- great! Before we even -start, here's a check-list of things to sort out: +You have something to submit to the archive~--- good news! + +Before we even start, here's a check-list of things to sort out: \begin{enumerate} \item Licence: in the spirit of \TeX{}, we hope for free software; in the spirit of today's lawyer-enthralled society, \acro{CTAN} provides a % ! line break - \href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/licenses.html}{list of ``standard'' licence statements}. + \href{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/licenses.html}{list of ``standard'' licence statements}. Make sure that there's a formal statement of the licence of your package, somewhere in the files you upload; beyond the \acro{CTAN} installation, your package is a candidate for inclusion in \AllTeX{} @@ -177,41 +150,40 @@ start, here's a check-list of things to sort out: it's clear that names such as \File{mypackage} or \File{jiffy} aren't suitable. \end{enumerate} - -If you are able to use anonymous \ProgName{ftp}, you can upload that -way. The file \File{README.uploads} on \acro{CTAN} tells you -where to upload, what to upload, and how to notify the \acro{CTAN} -management about what you want doing with your upload. - -You may also upload via the Web: each of the principal \acro{CTAN} -sites offers an upload page~--- choose from -% \URL{http://www.ctan.org/upload.html}, -\URL{http://www.dante.de/CTAN/upload.html} or -\URL{http://www.tex.ac.uk/upload.html}; the pages lead you through the -process, showing you the information you need to supply. This method -enforces one file per upload: if you had intended to upload lots of -files, you need to bundle them into an `archive' file of some sort; -acceptable formats are \extension{zip} and \extension{tar.gz} (or -\extension{tar.bz2}). Most uploads are packed in \extension{zip} -format. - -If you can use neither of these methods, or if you find something -confusing, ask advice of the +You upload via the \begin{flatversion} - \acro{CTAN} management (\mailto{ctan@dante.de}). + CTAN upload redirector: \URL{http://www.ctan.org/upload} \end{flatversion} \begin{hyperversion} - \href{mailto:ctan@dante.de}{\acro{CTAN} management} + \href{http://www.ctan.org/upload}{CTAN upload redirector} \end{hyperversion} - +(the archive's main page has a link). The upload page shows what it +needs to know, and allows you to enter the information. The mechanism +can only accept one file per upload: if you had intended to upload +lots of files, you need to bundle them into an `archive' file of some +sort; acceptable formats are \extension{zip} and \extension{tar.gz} +(most uploads are packed in \extension{zip} format). Once you have +completed your upload, the redirector assigns it to a member of the +team for processing. + +If you can't use this method, or if you find something confusing, ask +advice of the +\begin{flatversion} + \acro{CTAN} management team (\mailto{ctan@dante.de}). +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + \href{mailto:ctan@dante.de}{\acro{CTAN} management team} +\end{hyperversion} + If your package is large, or regularly updated, it may be appropriate -to \ProgName{mirror} your contribution direct into \acro{CTAN}. -Mirroring is only practical using \texttt{ftp} or \texttt{rsync} -protocols, so this facility is limited to those who can establish -their own server for one of those protocols. +to `mirror' your contribution direct into \acro{CTAN}. +Mirroring is only practical using \texttt{ftp} or \texttt{rsync}, so +this facility is limited to packages offered by a server that uses one +of those protocols. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[README.uploads]\CTANref{CTAN-uploads} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-01-31} \Question[Q-findfiles]{Finding \AllTeX{} files} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-graphics.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-graphics.tex index 363d9e6ec3e..1c242162815 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-graphics.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-graphics.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-graphics.tex,v 1.23 2012/03/16 23:01:22 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-graphics.tex,v 1.26 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ \section{Graphics} @@ -218,18 +218,21 @@ Good coverage of the problem is to be found in Herbert Vo\ss {}'s \href{http://pstricks.tug.org/main.cgi?file=pdf/pdfoutput}{\acro{PDF} support page}, which is targeted at the use of \Package{pstricks} in \PDFLaTeX{}, and also covers the \Package{pstricks}-specific package -\Package{pdftricks}. +\Package{pdftricks}. A recent alternative (not covered in % ! line break +Herbert Vo\ss {}'s page) is \Package{pdftricks2}, which offers similar +facilities to \Package{pdftricks}, but with some useful variations. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[auto-pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{auto-pst-pdf} \item[epstopdf]Browse \CTANref{epstopdf} \item[epstopdf.sty]Distributed with Heiko Oberdiek's packages \CTANref{oberdiek} \item[pdftricks.sty]\CTANref{pdftricks} +\item[pdftricks2.sty]\CTANref{pdftricks2} \item[pst-pdf.sty]\CTANref{pst-pdf} \item[pstoedit]\CTANref{pstoedit} \item[purifyeps]\CTANref{purifyeps} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-03-24} +\LastEdit{2012-11-20} \Question[Q-dvipdfmgraphics]{Imported graphics in \ProgName{dvipdfm}} @@ -699,7 +702,7 @@ There are many packages to do pictures in \AllTeX{} itself (rather than importing graphics created externally), ranging from simple use of \LaTeX{} \environment{picture} environment, through enhancements like \ProgName{eepic}, to -sophisticated (but slow) drawing with \PiCTeX{}. Depending on your type +sophisticated (but slow) drawing with \pictex{}. Depending on your type of drawing, and setup, here are a few systems you may consider: \begin{itemize} \item The \environment{picture} environment provides rather primitive @@ -724,13 +727,13 @@ of drawing, and setup, here are a few systems you may consider: useful tool than the original environment has ever been. (Note that \Package{pict2e} supersedes David Carlisle's stop-gap \Package{pspicture}.) -\item \PiCTeX{} is a venerable, and very powerful, system, that draws +\item \pictex{} is a venerable, and very powerful, system, that draws by placing dots on the page to give the effect of a line or curve. While this has the potential of great power, it is (of course) much slower than any of the other established packages. What's more, there are problems with its \Qref*{documentation}{Q-docpictex}. -\item \Package{PSTricks}; this gives you access to all the power of - \PS{} from \TeX{} itself, by sophisticated use of +\item \Package{PSTricks} gives you access to the (considerable) power of + \PS{} via a set of \tex{} macros, which talk to \PS{} using \Qref*{\csx{special} commands}{Q-specials}. Since \PS{} is itself a pretty powerful programming language, many astounding things can in principle be achieved using \Package{PSTricks} (a wide range of @@ -753,14 +756,17 @@ of drawing, and setup, here are a few systems you may consider: just browse the % ! line break \href{http://tug.org/pipermail/pstricks/}{list archives}. \item \Package{pgf}: while \Package{pstricks} is very powerful and - convenient, using it with \PDFLaTeX{} is an awful fidget: if you + convenient from `traditional' \tex{}, using it with \PDFLaTeX{} is + pretty tiresome: if you simply want the graphical capabilities, \Package{pgf}, together with - its rather pleasing ``user-oriented'' interface \Package{tikz}, may be a good + its ``user-oriented'' interface \Package{tikz}, may be a good bet for you. While \acro{PDF} has (in essence) the same graphical capabilities as \PS{}, it isn't programmable; \Package{pgf} provides - common \LaTeX{} commands that will utilise the graphical - capabilities of both \PS{} and \acro{PDF} equally. The - \Package{pgf} manual is enormous, but a simple introduction which + \LaTeX{} commands that will utilise the graphical capabilities of + both \PS{} and \acro{PDF} equally. \Package{Pgf} has extensive + mathematical support, which allows it to rival \Package{PSTricks}' + use of the computation engine within \PS{}. + The \Package{pgf} manual is enormous, but a simple introduction which allows the user to get a feel for the capabilities of the system, is available at \url{http://cremeronline.com/LaTeX/minimaltikz.pdf} \item \MP{}; you liked \MF{}, but never got to grips with font files? @@ -777,7 +783,7 @@ of drawing, and setup, here are a few systems you may consider: familiar-looking \AllTeX{} macros. Not \emph{quite} the full power of \MF{} or \MP{}, but a friendlier interface, and with \MP{} output the results can be used equally well in either \LaTeX{} or \PDFLaTeX{}. -\item You liked \PiCTeX{} but don't have enough memory or time? Look +\item You liked \pictex{} but don't have enough memory or time? Look at the late Eitan Gurari's \Package{dratex}: it is just as powerful, but is an entirely new implementation which is not as hard on memory, is much more readable and is (admittedly sparsely) documented at @@ -808,7 +814,7 @@ see \Qref{question}{Q-inlgrphapp}. \item[pstricks]\CTANref{pstricks} \item[tikz.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{pgf} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-06-03} +\LastEdit{2012-10-19} \Question[Q-inlgrphapp]{In-line source for graphics applications} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-how-do-i.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-how-do-i.tex index a10e82d6899..f767d3959d5 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-how-do-i.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-how-do-i.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-how-do-i.tex,v 1.37 2012/02/07 21:46:08 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-how-do-i.tex,v 1.45 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{How do I do\dots{}?} @@ -761,16 +761,18 @@ The \Class{memoir} class includes functions that match those in the \Qref*{Lamport's book}{Q-latex-books} lists various parameters for the layout of list (things like \csx{topsep}, \csx{itemsep} and \csx{parsep}), but fails to mention that they're set -automatically within the list itself. This happens because each list +automatically within the standard (\latex{}-defined) lists. This +happens because each list executes a command \csx{@list}\texttt{\meta{depth}} (the depth appearing as a lower-case roman numeral); what's more, the top-level \csx{@listi} is usually reset when the font size is changed. As a result, it's rather tricky for the user to control list spacing. Of course, the real answer is to use a document class designed with more modest list spacing, but we all -know such things are hard to come by. The \Class{memoir} class wasn't -designed for more compact lists \emph{per se}, but offers the user -control over the list spacing. +know such things are hard to come by. The \Class{memoir} class doesn't +provide more compact lists, but offers the user control over the list +spacing using \csx{firmlist} and \csx{tightlist} (and \texttt{*}-ed +versions of them); see section~8.6 of the memoir manual. There are packages that provide some control of list spacing, but they seldom address the separation from surrounding text (defined by @@ -819,11 +821,6 @@ appear at positions on that grid. The effect is somewhat like that of the `tab' keys on traditional typewriters; the package was designed for example sheets, or lists of answers in the appendices of a book. -The ultimate in compaction (of every sort) is offered by the -\Package{savetrees} package; compaction of lists is included. The -package's prime purpose is to save space at every touch and turn: -don't use it if you're under any design constraint whatever! - The \Package{expdlist}, \Package{mdwlist} and \Package{paralist} packages all offer other facilities for list configuration: you should probably not try the ``do-it-yourself'' approaches outlined below if @@ -859,17 +856,23 @@ to set spacing between items and between paragraphs within items. \Package{Enumitem} also permits manipulation of the label format in a more ``basic'' (and therefore more flexible) manner than the % ! line break \Qref*{\Package{enumerate} package}{Q-enumerate} does. + +The ultimate in compaction (of every sort) is offered by the +\Package{savetrees} package; compaction of lists is included. The +package's prime purpose is to save space at every touch and turn: +don't use it if you're under any design constraint whatever! \begin{ctanrefs} \item[enumerate.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[enumitem] \item[enumitem.sty]\CTANref{enumitem} \item[expdlist.sty]\CTANref{expdlist} \item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} +\item[memoir \nothtml{\rmfamily}manual]\CTANref{memoir-man} \item[mdwlist.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{mdwtools}[mdwlist] \item[multenum.sty]\CTANref{multenum} \item[paralist.sty]\CTANref{paralist} \item[savetrees.sty]\CTANref{savetrees} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-06-01} +\LastEdit{2012-10-30} \Question[Q-interruptlist]{Interrupting enumerated lists} @@ -1311,15 +1314,11 @@ The \Package{cellspace} package does a (possibly inferior) job by defining a new table/array column type ``S'', which you apply to each column specification. So, for example, \begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} \cmdinvoke{begin}{tabular}{l l l p{3cm}} -\end{verbatim} \end{quote} would become \begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} \cmdinvoke{begin}{tabular}{Sl Sl Sl Sp{3cm}} -\end{verbatim} \end{quote} and so on. This technique shows promise of not interfering so much with other packages, but this @@ -1933,63 +1932,6 @@ the separation between floats really big: \end{verbatim} \end{quote} -\Question[Q-vertspacefloat]{Extra vertical space in floats} - -A common complaint is that extra vertical space has crept into -\environment{figure} or \environment{table} floating environments. -More common still are users who post code that introduces this extra -space, and \emph{haven't noticed the problem}! - -The trouble arises from the fact that the \environment{center} -environment (and its siblings \environment{flushleft} and -\environment{flushright}) are actually based on \LaTeX{}'s -list-handling code; and lists always separate themselves from the -material around them. Meanwhile, there are parameters provided to -adjust the spacing between floating environments and their -surroundings; so if we have: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{figure} - \begin{center} - \includegraphics{...} - \caption{...} - \end{center} -\end{figure} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -\nothtml{\noindent}or worse still: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{figure} - \begin{center} - \includegraphics{...} - \end{center} - \caption{...} -\end{figure} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -unwarranted vertical space is going to appear. - -The solution is to let the float and the objects in it position -themselves, and to use ``generic'' layout commands rather than their -list-based encapsulations. -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{figure} - \centering - \includegraphics{...} - \caption{...} -\end{figure} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -(which even involves less typing). - -This alternative code will work with any \LaTeX{} package. It will -not work with obsolete (pre-\LaTeXe{}) packages such as -\Package{psfig} or \Package{epsf}~--- see % beware line break -\Qref[question]{graphics inclusion}{Q-impgraph} for discussion of the -genesis of \csx{includegraphics}. - \Question[Q-wideflt]{Centring a very wide figure or table} The normal means of centring a figure or table object is to include @@ -2148,14 +2090,43 @@ specially designed for the job: \end{quote} That example should produce a caption \begin{quote} - Figure \emph{n (facing page)}: Whew! \dots{} + Figure \meta{n} \emph{(facing page)}: Whew! \dots{} \end{quote} (Note, however, that the package is an old one, and declares itself to -be a beta release. I seems to work, but\dots{}) +be a beta release, and contains no valid licence statement so that it +is not in \texlive{}. It seems to work, but\dots{}) + +A alternative route is the ``continued'' mechanism of the +\Package{caption} package. The \csx{ContinuedFloat} macro makes a +small tweak to the next \csx{caption} command, so that the command +makes no increment to the caption number. This does not (of course) +have any effect on actual placement of the float, but it makes the +caption texts read `sensibly': +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table} + \caption{A table} + ... +\end{table} +... +\begin{table}\ContinuedFloat + \caption{A table (cont.)} + ... +\end{table} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which would produce: +\begin{quote} + Table 3: A table + \dots + Table 3: A table (cont.) +\end{quote} \begin{ctanrefs} +\item[caption.sty]\CTANref{caption} \item[dpfloat.sty]\CTANref{dpfloat} \item[fltpage.sty]\CTANref{fltpage} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-01} \Question[Q-vertposfp]{Vertical layout of float pages} @@ -2325,7 +2296,7 @@ advice, you can: tools distribution; they're noticeably less efficient than the standard \environment{tabular} environment, but they do allow footnotes. -\item Use \Package{tablefootnote}; it provides a \csx{tablefootnote}, +\item Use \Package{tablefootnote}; it provides a command \csx{tablefootnote}, which does the job without fuss. \item Use \Package{footnote}, which provides an \environment{savenotes} which collects all footnotes and emits them @@ -2422,16 +2393,33 @@ If you \emph{are} going to proceed: \end{itemize} so we have: \begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} \begin{verbatim} \begin{figure} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} ... - \caption[Caption for LOF]% - {Real caption\footnote{blah}} + \caption[Compact Routing Example]% + {Compact Routing\footnote{something} Example} \end{minipage} \end{figure} \end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} + ... + \caption[Compact Routing Example]% + {Compact Routing\footnote{something} + Example} + \end{minipage} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} \end{quote} +So, we make an entry for the List of Figures, which doesn't hold +troublesome commands, such as \csx{footnote}. + However, \emph{as well as} all of the above, one \emph{also} has to deal with the tendency of the \csx{caption} command to produce the footnote's text twice. For this last problem, there is no tidy @@ -2440,7 +2428,7 @@ solution this author is aware of. If you're suffering the problem, a well-constructed \csx{caption} command in a \environment{minipage} environment within a float (as in the example above) can produce \emph{two} copies of the footnote -body ``blah''. (In fact, the effect only occurs with captions that are +body ``something''. (In fact, the effect only occurs with captions that are long enough to require two lines to be typeset, and so wouldn't appear with such a short caption as that in the example above.) @@ -2450,6 +2438,7 @@ rather awful work-around for this problem. \item[ccaption.sty]\CTANref{ccaption} \item[threeparttable.sty]\CTANref{threeparttable} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-04-12} \Question[Q-repfootnote]{Footnotes whose texts are identical} @@ -2928,7 +2917,7 @@ compiler, people regularly want to do compiler-like things using it. Common requirements are conditional `compilation' and `block comments', and several \LaTeX{}-specific means to this end are available. -The simple \cmdinvoke{newcommand}{\csx{gobble}}[1]\texttt{\{}\texttt{\}} +The simple \cmdinvoke{newcommand}{\csx{gobble}}[1]\texttt{\{\}} and \csx{iffalse}\texttt{ ... }\csx{fi} aren't really satisfactory (as a general solution) for comments, since the matter being skipped is nevertheless scanned by \TeX{}, not always as you would expect. The @@ -2964,6 +2953,24 @@ and other numbers are not disturbed. Note that you can choose which sections you want included interactively, using the \Package{askinclude} package. +A variant on the \csx{includeonly} mechanism is offered by the +\Package{stampinclude} package, which takes advantage of the \pdftex{} +\csx{pdffilemoddate} command. When an \csx{include}d file is +processed in a \latex{} document, an \extension{aux} file is created +holding data such as page-number ranges and chapter/section numbers. +When \csx{stampinclude} is included in a document, it compares the +file system modification times for each file and its corresponding +\extension{aux} file; the file is only compiled in ``this run'' of the +document if the file is newer than its corresponding \extension{aux} +file. The package requires a current \pdftex{}, and will also run on +\luatex{} if the \Package{pdftexcmds} package is available +(\Package{pdftexcmds} emulates the requisite \pdftex{} commands using +\texttt{lua}. Apart from this requirement, \Package{stampinclude} is +a low-maintenace object; include it in your document and it silently +does its job. When you want a final version of your document, delete +all the \extension{aux} files, and and \Package{stampinclude} won't +interfere.) + The inverse can be done using the \Package{excludeonly} package: this allows you to exclude a (list of) \csx{include}d files from your document, by means of an \csx{excludeonly} command. @@ -3092,11 +3099,13 @@ ready-to-run \LaTeX{} documents with stuff you've extracted. \item[pagesel.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[pagesel] \item[pdfpages.sty]\CTANref{pdfpages} \item[selectp.sty]\CTANref{selectp} +\item[stampinclude.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[stampinclude] \item[verbatim.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[verbatim] \item[version.sty]\CTANref{version} \item[versions.sty]\CTANref{versions} \item[xcomment.sty]\CTANref{xcomment} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-28} \Question[Q-docotherdir]{Bits of document from other directories} @@ -3189,8 +3198,8 @@ following minimal solution: \begin{wideversion} \begin{verbatim} \def\RCS$#1: #2 ${\expandafter\def\csname RCS#1\endcsname{#2}} -\RCS$Revision: 1.37 $ % or any RCS keyword -\RCS$Date: 2012/02/07 21:46:08 $ +\RCS$Revision: 1.45 $ % or any RCS keyword +\RCS$Date: 2012/12/07 19:34:33 $ ... \date{Revision \RCSRevision, \RCSDate} \end{verbatim} @@ -3200,8 +3209,8 @@ following minimal solution: \def\RCS$#1: #2 ${\expandafter \def\csname RCS#1\endcsname{#2}% } -\RCS$Revision: 1.37 $ % or any RCS keyword -\RCS$Date: 2012/02/07 21:46:08 $ +\RCS$Revision: 1.45 $ % or any RCS keyword +\RCS$Date: 2012/12/07 19:34:33 $ ... \date{Revision \RCSRevision, \RCSDate} \end{verbatim} @@ -3281,6 +3290,14 @@ solution (and was used in generating printable versions of these many bells and whistles that allow it to operate as if it were a poor man's \WYSIWYG{} system. +A recent strong contender is \ProgName{arara}, written in +\ProgName{Java}. It is (the documentation says) based on ``rules'' +and ``directives''; its aim is to determine what to do from explicit +instructions in its source code, rather than secondary sources such as +log file analysis. \ProgName{Arara} is relatively new on CTAN, and +comes with recommendations from many of the great and good of the +\latex{} world. + Apparently along the same lines, is Auto\LaTeX{}. The \File{README} of the distribution is actual a Unix-type man-page output, and shows great attention to the details of the document production process. @@ -3310,6 +3327,7 @@ The curious may examine the rules employed to run the present \acro{FAQ} through \LaTeX{}: we don't present them as a complete solution, but some of the tricks employed are surely re-usable. \begin{ctanrefs} +\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}arara]\CTANref{arara} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}AutoLaTeX]\CTANref{autolatex} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\acro{FAQ} distribution]\CTANref{faq} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}latexmake]\CTANref{latexmake} @@ -3318,6 +3336,7 @@ solution, but some of the tricks employed are surely re-usable. \item[latexmk]\CTANref{latexmk} \item[texi2dvi]Distributed as part of \CTANref{texinfo} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-08} \Question[Q-howmanypp]{How many pages are there in my document?} @@ -3520,19 +3539,12 @@ to the preamble of their document. Other encodings (notably in place of \acro{T}1. Indeed, most current 8-bit \TeX{} font encodings will `work' with the relevant sets of hyphenation patterns. -One might hope that, with the many aspirant successors to \TeX{} such -as -\begin{wideversion} - \Qref{Omega}{Q-omegaleph}, \Qref{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex} and - \Qref{Ex\TeX{}}{Q-extex}, -\end{wideversion} -\begin{narrowversion} - Omega, \LuaTeX{} and Ex\TeX{} - (\Qref[see questions]{}{Q-omegaleph}\Qref[,]{}{Q-luatex} - \Qref[and]{}{Q-extex}), -\end{narrowversion} -all of which base their operations on Unicode, that the whole basis of -encodings will change. +With the advance of \xetex{} and \luatex{} to the mainstream, a new +regime for generating hyphenation tables is in place. For each +language, a table is written in Unicode, and ``8-bit'' versions are +generated for use with various \latex{} font encodings. Original sets +of patterns remain on \acro{CTAN}, for use when an older environment +is needed. \Question[Q-newlang]{Using a new language with Babel} @@ -3872,7 +3884,7 @@ the selections before setting up hyphenation exceptions. Knuth was making a particular point about the capabilities of \TeX{} when he defined the logo. Unfortunately (in some people's opinion) he thereby opened floodgates to give the world a whole range of rather silly -`bumpy road' logos for \TeX{} entities such as \AMSTeX{}, \PiCTeX{}, +`bumpy road' logos for \TeX{} entities such as \AMSTeX{}, \pictex{}, \BibTeX{}, and so on, produced in a flurry of different fonts, sizes, and baselines~--- indeed, everything one might hope to cause them to obstruct the reading process. In particular, Lamport invented @@ -3918,7 +3930,7 @@ the especially weird mirrored ``E'' in \xetex{}). For those who don't wish to acquire the `proper' logos, the canonical thing to do is to say \texttt{AMS-}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} for \AMSTeX{}, \texttt{Pic}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} -for \PiCTeX{}, \texttt{Bib}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} +for \pictex{}, \texttt{Bib}\cmdinvoke{TeX}{} for \BibTeX{}, and so on. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[hologo.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[hologo] diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-hyp+pdf.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-hyp+pdf.tex index 546ed139c74..2be76882aaa 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-hyp+pdf.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-hyp+pdf.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-hyp+pdf.tex,v 1.5 2011/12/24 23:13:57 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-hyp+pdf.tex,v 1.6 2012/03/31 09:22:17 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Hypertext and \acro{PDF}} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-intro.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-intro.tex index cf710945e00..ca9381369b3 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-intro.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-intro.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-intro.tex,v 1.29 2012/02/07 21:46:08 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-intro.tex,v 1.30 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ % this environment is for the benefit of new-style file generation \begin{introduction} @@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ user. Some of the questions answered have little relevance to today's users; this is inevitable~--- it's easier to add information than it is to decide that information is no longer needed. The set of answered questions is therefore in a state of slow flux: new questions -are answered, while old questions are deleted~\dots~but the whole +are answered, while old questions are deleted~\dots{}~but the whole process depends on the time available for \acro{FAQ} maintenance. - +<p/> You may use the \acro{FAQ} \begin{itemize} \item by reading a printed document, @@ -36,13 +36,12 @@ You may use the \acro{FAQ} they may be created. \end{itemize} -\begin{typesetversion} \subsection{Finding the Files} - +\begin{typesetversion} Unless otherwise specified, all files mentioned in this \acro{FAQ} -are available from a \acro{CTAN} archive, or from a mirror of -\acro{CTAN}~--- see \Qref[question]{later discussion}{Q-archives}% ! space -\narrowonly{, which gives details} of the \acro{CTAN} +are available from a \ctan{} archive, or from a mirror of +\ctan{}~--- see \Qref[question]{later discussion}{Q-archives}% ! space +\narrowonly{, which gives details} of the \ctan{} archives\wideonly{ and}\narrowonly{, including} how to retrieve files from them. %% If you don't have access to the internet, the @@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ from them. %% archives. The reader should also note that the first directory name of the path -name of every file on \acro{CTAN} is omitted from what follows, for +name of every file on \ctan{} is omitted from what follows, for the simple reason that, while it's always the same (\path{tex-archive/}) on the main sites, mirror sites often choose something else. @@ -62,21 +61,25 @@ in a different font from running text, it's not easy to distinguish the font of a single dot! \end{typesetversion} \begin{htmlversion} -Almost all files suggested in answers in these \acro{FAQ}s are -available from \Qref{\acro{CTAN} archives}{Q-archives}, and may be +Almost all files suggested in any answer in these \acro{FAQ}s are +available from \Qref{\ctan{} archives}{Q-archives}, and may be reached via links in the file list at the end of the answer. In particular, documentation (when available) is linked from the -\acro{CTAN} Catalogue entry, which is also listed in the file list. +\ctan{} Catalogue entry, which is also listed in the file list. -Unless doing so is unavoidable, the answers do not mention things not -on the archive. An obvious exception is web resources such as -supplementary documents, etc. +Unless doing so is unavoidable, the answers do not mention things that +are not on the \ctan{} archives. An obvious exception is web +resources such as supplementary documents, etc. \end{htmlversion} -\latexhtml{\subsection*{Origins}}{\textbf{Origins}} - +\begin{typesetversion} + \subsection*{Origins} +\end{typesetversion} +\begin{htmlversion} + \textbf{Origins} +\end{htmlversion} The \acro{FAQ} was originated by the Committee of the \acro{UK} -\TeX{} Users' Group (\acro{UK}~\acro{TUG}) as a development of a +\TeX{} Users' Group (\acro{UK}~\acro{TUG}), in 1994, as a development of a regular posting to the \emph{Usenet} newsgroup \Newsgroup{comp.text.tex} that was maintained for some time by Bobby Bodenheimer. The first \acro{UK} version was much re-arranged and @@ -186,5 +189,5 @@ encountered on various lists, newsgroups or (lately) web forums. Many such people have helped, even if simply to highlight an area in which \acro{FAQ} work would be useful. \endhtmlignore -% \LastEdit{2011-10-12} % not to be typeset or converted to html... +% \LastEdit{2013-01-28} % not to be typeset or converted to html... \end{introduction} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-jot-err.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-jot-err.tex index e7a0a794610..23dd355da04 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-jot-err.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-jot-err.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-jot-err.tex,v 1.19 2012/02/18 19:28:56 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-jot-err.tex,v 1.23 2012/11/10 14:25:12 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{The joy of \TeX{} errors} @@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ itself. \end{htmlversion} \htmlignore % beware line wrap here - Of course, \eTeX{}, \ensuremath{\Omega} and \LuaTeX{}~--- - \Qref[see questions]{}{Q-etex} \Qref[,]{}{Q-omegaleph} and - \Qref[and]{}{Q-luatex} respectively~--- + Of course \Qref[question]{\etex{}}{Q-etex}, + \Qref[question]{\ensuremath{\Omega}}{Q-omegaleph} and + \Qref[question]{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex} \endhtmlignore all do this, as does \Qref*{MicroPress Inc's V\TeX{}}{Q-commercial}. @@ -477,49 +477,58 @@ For example \end{verbatim} in \LaTeX{}. -As mentioned in \Qref[question]{``hyphenation failures''}{Q-nohyph}, -words with accents in them may not be hyphenated. As a result, any -such word is deemed improper in a \csx{hyphenation} command. +As mentioned in +\begin{flatversion} + \Qref[question]{hyphenation failures}{Q-nohyph}, +\end{flatversion} +\begin{hyperversion} + ``\Qref[question]{hyphenation failures}{Q-nohyph}'', +\end{hyperversion} +``words'' containing \csx{accent} commands may not be hyphenated. As +a result, any such word is deemed improper in a \csx{hyphenation} +command. + +Hyphenation happens as paragraphs are laid out; by this time, \tex{} +knows what font is used for each glyph; thus it knows the encoding +being used. So the solution to the problem is to use a font that +contains the accented character; doing this this ``hides'' the accent +from the hyphenation mechanisms. + +For \LaTeX{} users, this is quite an easy task; they select an 8-bit +font with the package, as in \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc}, and +accented-letter commands such as the \csx{'}\texttt{e} in +\cmdinvoke{hyphenation}{Ji-m\csx{'}e-nez} automatically become the +single accented character by the time the hyphenation gets to look at +it. -The solution is to use a font that contains the character in question, -and to express the \csx{hyphenation} command in terms of that -character; this ``hides'' the accent from the hyphenation mechanisms. -\LaTeX{} users can be achieved this by use of the \Package{fontenc} -package (part of the \LaTeX{} distribution). If you select an 8-bit -font with the package, as in \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[T1]{fontenc}, -accented-letter commands such as the |\'||e| in -|\hyphenation{Ji-m\'||e-nez}| automatically become the single accented -character by the time the hyphenation gets to look at it. \Question[Q-optionclash]{Option clash for package} So you've innocently added: \begin{quote} -\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{graphics} +\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{foo} \end{quote} to your document, and \LaTeX{} responds with -\begin{wideversion} \begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} \begin{verbatim} -! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package graphics. +! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package foo. \end{verbatim} -\end{quote} \end{wideversion} \begin{narrowversion} -\begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} -! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package - graphics. +! LaTeX Error: Option clash for package foo. \end{verbatim} -\end{quote} \end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} The error is a complaint about loading a package % ! line break -\emph{with options}, more than once (\LaTeX{} doesn't actually examine -what options there are: it complains because it can't do anything with -the multiple sets of options). You can load a package -any number of times, with no options, and \LaTeX{} will be happy, but -you may only supply options when you first load the package. +\emph{with options}, more than once. \LaTeX{} complains because it +has no means of examining the options, rather than because it +\emph{knows} there is a problem. (You may load a package any number +of times in a document's preamble, with no options, and \LaTeX{} will +ignore every loading request after the first; but you may only supply +options when you first load the package.) So perhaps you weren't entirely innocent~--- the error would have occurred on the second line of: @@ -575,7 +584,8 @@ expect from its name, \csx{PassOptionsToPackage} can deal with a list of options, just as you would have in the the options brackets of \csx{usepackage}. -More trickily, instead of: +The problem is more tricky if your document class loads a package you +want options for. In this case, instead of: \begin{quote} \cmdinvoke{documentclass}[...]{bar}\\ \cmdinvoke{usepackage}[draft]{graphics} @@ -2372,3 +2382,34 @@ Solutions to the problem tend to be drastic: those who can ``help themselves'' in this respect. \end{enumerate} \LastEdit*{2012-02-13} + +\Question[Q-expl3-old]{Support package \Package{expl3} too old} + +Some (rather modern) packages are written using the % ! line break +\Qref*{\latex{}3 programming environment}{Q-LaTeX3}. Since \latex{}3 +is still under development, the author cannot reliably guess what +version of \latex{}3 the user has installed, and whether that version +is adequate for the current package. Thus the package's code often +checks the user's installation, and complains if it's older than the +author's installation at time of testing. The error message is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +! Support package expl3 too old. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The ``additional help'' tells you the solution: update your \latex{}3 +installation. The relevant things are \Package{l3kernel} (the +programming environment, which contains the \Package{expl3} mentioned +in the error message) and \Package{l3packages} (\latex{}3 constructs +such as command definitions). + +While this sounds a drastic remedy, it is no longer the major +undertaking it once was~--- if you are using a modern \tex{} +distribution that you installed yourself, ask it to update over the +internet; if that choice is not available, install from the +\extension{tds.zip} files available for both packages on \ctan{}. +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[l3kernel \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3kernel} +\item[l3packages \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3packages} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit*{2013-02-20} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-litprog.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-litprog.tex index 189a16ad69b..e5ba9eb6712 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-litprog.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-litprog.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-litprog.tex,v 1.2 2011/02/10 23:04:12 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-litprog.tex,v 1.3 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ \section{Literate programming} @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ source. The \acro{WEB} style of literate programming was created by D.~E.~Knuth during the development of \TeX{}. \htmlignore -The ``documented \LaTeX{}'' style of programming (\Qref{}{Q-dtx}) +The ``\Qref*{documented \LaTeX{}}{Q-dtx}'' style of programming \endhtmlignore \begin{htmlversion} The ``\Qref{documented \LaTeX{}}{Q-dtx}'' style of programming @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Discussion of literate programming is conducted in the newsgroup \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}Literate Programming \acro{FAQ}]% \CTANref{LitProg-FAQ} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2012-11-16} \Question[Q-webpkgs]{\acro{WEB} systems for various languages} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-mac-prog.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-mac-prog.tex index b6b706555aa..b91150cbe73 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-mac-prog.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-mac-prog.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-mac-prog.tex,v 1.28 2012/02/18 19:28:56 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-mac-prog.tex,v 1.33 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Macro programming} @@ -185,6 +185,257 @@ which rather spoils the intent of the joke implicit in the example \csx{cul8r}! \LastEdit*{2009-06-03} +\Question[Q-repeat-num]{Repeating a command \emph{n} times} + +\tex{} \emph{isn't} a programming language, but there are occasions +when you want to repeat some part of your document, just as parts of +programs need to run several times. An obvious +example is \tex{}-based drawing: \latex{}'s \environment{picture} +environment and \Package{pgf} (at least) provide repeat facilities~--- +they are useful for drawing repeating patterns. + +This answer deals with repeating an operation a given number of times; +repeating operations once for each of a set of objects is dealt with +in the answer \Qref*{repeating ``over a set''}{Q-repeat-set}. + +Plain \tex{} itself provides a \csx{loop} \dots{} \csx{repeat} +contruct, which enables you to repeat a command (or set of commands). +The syntax is simple enough, but it use of \tex{} conditionals is +different enough that many people find it confusing. +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcount\foo +\foo=10 +\loop + \message{\the\foo} + \advance \foo -1 +\ifnum \foo>0 +\repeat +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +In this slightly tricky code, \csx{loop} starts the construct ended by +\csx{repeat}, but \csx{repeat} also ``serves as'' the \csx{fi} to the +\csx{ifnum}. The loop above prints the numbers from 10 down to 1 via +\tex{} \csx{message} (i.e., on the console output). + +The \Package{multido} package is also `generic' (usable both in +\plaintex{} and latex{}); it defines a command \csx{multido} with +three arguments: +\begin{quote} + % ! line break + \cmdinvoke{multido}{\meta{variables}}{\meta{repetitions}}{\meta{stuff to repeat}} +\end{quote} +When the macro is executing, the \meta{stuff to repeat} gets executed +\meta{repetitions} times; the \meta{variables} gives a list of +variables that can be used in \meta{stuff}. Each variable is a +composite of a command sequence and how it varies; so a variable +``\csx{iz}\texttt{=2+4}'' sets \csx{iz} to \texttt{2} first time +around, then \texttt{6} and \texttt{10} in the next two iterations, +and so on. (The variable \csx{iz} is an integer; variables with other +initial letters represent different data types.) + +% [do these things matter?] +% The \latexe{} kernel has commands \csx{@for} and \csx{@tfor}. +% +% The \latex{}3 kernel includes the command |\prg_replicate:nn|; this +% information isn't much use unless you're a \latex{}3 user. +Both current \latex{} and (experimental) \latex{}3 have iteration +commands for internal use and for package writers; their use is +probably not recommendable. + +The \latex{} distribution package \Package{ifthen} offers the macro +\csx{whiledo}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{ct} +... +\setcounter{ct}{1} +\whiledo {\value{ct} < 5}% +{% + \thect\ + \stepcounter {ct}% +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + +The \Package{forloop} package provides nothing but \csx{forloop}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\newcounter{ct} +... +\forloop{ct}{1}{\value{ct} < 5}% +{% + \thect\ +} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +as you can see, the arguments are counter, starting value and +termination condition; an optional argument supplies a step value +(default step is 1). + +The \latex{} \environment{picture} environment has a simple command +for repeated drawing: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\multiput(x,y)(xstep,ystep){n}{obj} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which places \meta{obj} (intended to be a bit of picture) +\meta{n} times at positions (\meta{x}, \meta{y}), +(\meta{x}+\meta{xstep}, \meta{y}+\meta{ystep}), +(\meta{x}+2\meta{xstep}, \meta{y}+2\meta{ystep}) and so on, adding the +displacement again each time. The command was designed for use in +\environment{picture}, but it makes no check, and may even be used to +provide eccentric typesetting in a ``regular'' sentence, such as: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +Here \multiput(0,0)(1,1){3}{we} are again. +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +with predictable (if not actually desirable) effect. It may be used +with nothing but an iterative calculation in the braced argument, in +which case its graphical capabilities have no effect. + +The \Package{pgffor} package, which is part of the % ! line break +\Qref*{\Package{pgf} distribution}{Q-drawing}, also +provides iterations to support the needs of graphics. Its syntax is +in the style of common programming languages: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{pgffor} +\newcommand{\cmd}{-x-} +... +\foreach \n in {1,...,4}{\cmd{}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +typesets ``\texttt{-x-\relax-x-\relax-x-\relax-x-}'' + +The \csx{foreach} command has the potential drawback that its repeated +unit is executed in a group, so that any calculations done within the +loop are lost (unless their result is made \csx{global}); however, it +does not `build in' its graphical origins (as \csx{multiput} does) so +its potential outside its own graphics environment ``home'' is more +clear. +% +%% can't convince myself that \naturalloop helps with anything +% The \Package{etextools} package provides \csx{naturalloop}, which +% repeats material according to a count argument that you give it. +% +%% this stuff removed, following the observation that the package's use +%% of \repeat is inconsistent with both plain tex and latex; pity -- +%% it's a nice package apart from being totally unusable :-( +% +% The \Package{repeat} package provides a \csx{for} command that +% encompasses a lot of the above; for example: +% \begin{quote} +% \begin{verbatim} +% \input repeat +% \newcount\foo +% \repeat +% \for{foo} \from{1} \to{10} \do{x*} +% \end{verbatim} +% \end{quote} +% which will typeset \texttt{x*} ten times (the count \csx{foo} will +% end up with value 11). +% +% Note the \plaintex{} usage: \Package{repeat} is ``generic'' and +% defines commands that are comfortable to \plaintex{} users, while +% remaining usable by \latex{} users. +% +% The complete syntax is given in the meta-expression: +% \begin{quote} +% \begin{verbatim} +% \repeat +% \for{var} +% \from{<start>} \by{<step>} \to{<end>} +% \downto{<end>} \until{<cond>} \while{<cond>} +% \do{<operate on something>} +% \end{verbatim} +% \end{quote} +% You must choose a consistent set of \csx{from}, \csx{by}, \csx{to}, +% \csx{downto}, \csx{until} and \csx{while} (none is actually required, +% but of course any loop has to have \emph{some}). + +% In summary, while it is certainly possible to write this sort of code as +% a private project (for example, using the \etex{} \csx{numexpr} +% primitive), one cannot deny that plenty of choice for the task is +% readily available. +% +% (the above ignore Pic\tex{}, which almost certainly has similar +% functions, but in the absence of a manual\dots{}) +\begin{ctanrefs} +%\item[etextools.sty]\CTANref{etextools} +\item[forarray.sty]\CTANref{forarray} +\item[forloop.sty]\CTANref{forloop} +\item[ifthen.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{latex} +\item[multido.sty]\CTANref{multido} +\item[pgffor.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{pgf} +%\item[repeat.tex]\CTANref{repeat} +\end{ctanrefs} + +\Question[Q-repeat-set]{Repeating something for each `thing' in a set} + +A common alternative requirement is to repeatedly apply a command to a +set of ``objects''; this can arise, for example, when you have input +that specifies a list. + +The \Package{etoolbox} package provides iteration over a +comma-separated list of items, in its \csx{docsvlist} and +\csx{forcsvlist} commands; they are well-described in the package +documentation. The \Package{datatool} package manages ``databases'' +(of its own definition) and you may iterate over entries in such a +database using the command \csx{DTLforeach}. + +The \Package{forarray} package defines its own ``list'' and ``array'' +structures, together with commands \csx{ForEach} and \csx{ForArray} +which enable a command to be executed for each element in a list or +array, respectively. + +The \Package{dowith} defines a pair of macros \csx{DoWith} and +\csx{StopDoing} that process each ``thing'' between them; a trivial +example of use is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\usepackage{dowith} +... +\begin{document} +\newcommand{\foo}[1]{\message{#1+} +\DoWith\foo a{BBB}c\StopDoing +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +which produces terminal output: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +a+ BBB+ c+ +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +so, the macros have found 3 ``things'', including one with braces +around it. (The interpolated spaces come from the primitive +\csx{message} command.) + +The only constraint is that all commands in the enclosed stuff are +``expandable'' (which means, for example, that you may not use +commands with optional arguments). + +From the same stable (as \Package{dowith}) comes the package +\Package{commado}, that provides commands \csx{DoWithCSL} (apply a +command to each element of a comma-separated-variable list) and +\csx{DoWithBasesExts} (apply a command to each of a set of files, +defined by base name and ``extension''). Use of these \csx{DoWith*} +macros is also expandable (if the command applied to the list elements +is itself expandable). +\begin{ctanrefs} +\item[commado.sty]\CTANref{commado} +\item[datatool.sty]\CTANref{datatool} +\item[dowith.sty]\CTANref{dowith} +\item[etoolbox.sty]\CTANref{etoolbox} +\item[filesdo.sty]Distributed with \CTANref{commado} +\end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} + +%See \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/16189/repeat-command-n-times} +%for details (do i need this any more?) + \Question[Q-findwidth]{Finding the width of a letter, word, or phrase} Put the word in a box, and measure the width of the box. For example, @@ -224,7 +475,7 @@ would naturally write: \end{verbatim} \end{quote} However, this would not work: a call to \csx{splat} would execute -\csx{mumble}, and the call the redefined \csx{splat} again; this is an +\csx{mumble}, and then call the redefined \csx{splat} again; this is an `unterminated recursion', that will quickly exhaust \TeX{}'s memory. Fortunately, the \TeX{} primitive \csx{let} command comes to our @@ -343,7 +594,7 @@ The package also offers a command \csx{ShowTokens}, which shows the content of its argument, one token to a line, with details of the token's category code, etc. This is recommended as a debugging tool. -The \Package{etoolbox} (which provides user access to \eTeX{}'s +The \Package{etoolbox} package (which provides user access to \eTeX{}'s programming facilities) provides a command \csx{patchcmd} which is very similar to \csx{Substitute}, except that it only replaces a single instance of the token(s) in its search pattern. Since not all @@ -357,6 +608,13 @@ target command's body does indeed include the patch string you propose to use. (The command \csx{ifpatchable*} omits the test on the patch string.) +The \Package{regexpatch} package deals with cases that are +inaccessible with \Package{etoolbox}; it uses the regular expression +(pattern-matching) package \Package{l3regex} from the \latex{}3 +distribution to find the code you need to patch. The package also +``knows about'' robust commands and about +\Qref*{\Package{biblatex}}{Q-biblatex}. + Finally, we'll briefly consider a package that is (just about) usable, but not really recommendable. \Package{Patch} gives you an ingenious (and difficult to understand) mechanism, and comes as an @@ -370,12 +628,14 @@ command thus amended. Unless you can't do your job any other way, \Package{patch} is best avoided. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[etoolbox.sty]\CTANref{etoolbox} +\item[l3regex.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3experimental}[l3regex] \item[letltxmacro.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{oberdiek}[letltxmacro] \item[patch.doc]\CTANref{patch} \item[patchcommand.sty]\CTANref{patchcmd} +\item[regexpatch.sty]\CTANref{regexpatch} \item[ted.sty]\CTANref{ted} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-06-29} +\LastEdit{2012-12-21} \Question[Q-compjobnam]{Comparing the ``job name''} @@ -2002,7 +2262,7 @@ Using a \tex{} executable of some sort, the simple answer is to try (I've rearranged the output there, from the rather confused version \TeX{} itself produces.) -We may perhaps, now, wonder about \csx{@unexpandable@protect}: +So, what about \csx{@unexpandable@protect}?: \begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} *\show\@unexpandable@protect @@ -2038,6 +2298,8 @@ shown below, and simply execute the command to find its definition: Note that the command name that is protected is the `base' command, with a space appended. This is cryptically visible, in a couple of places above. (Again, the output has been sanitised.) +% Similar provisions are made in the package \Package{show2e} but i +% don't understand them yet... The command \ProgName{texdef} (or \ProgName{latexdef}~--- the same command with a different name) will do all that for you and return the @@ -2045,15 +2307,12 @@ results slightly more tidily than \latex{} itself manages. For example: \begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} -latexdef texttt +$ latexdef texttt \end{verbatim} \end{quote} gives: \begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} -$ latexdef texttt - -\texttt: macro:->\protect \texttt \texttt : @@ -2067,6 +2326,59 @@ macro:->\protect \texttt \ProgName{latexdef} has useful `intelligence' in it, as it has spotted and dealt with the \csx{protect}.) +With the \texttt{-s} switch, \ProgName{latexdef} will give you a +source location: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef -s texttt +% latex.ltx, line 3736: +\DeclareTextFontCommand{\texttt}{\ttfamily} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +though one should note that it doesn't give you the detail of the +actual coding, merely the definition's location. + +Environments also surrender their details to \ProgName{latexdef}: +\begin{quote} +\begin{wideversion} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef -E itemize + +\itemize: +macro:->\ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@ \@toodeep + \else \advance \@itemdepth \@ne + \edef \@itemitem {labelitem\romannumeral \the \@itemdepth}% + \expandafter \list \csname \@itemitem \endcsname + {\def \makelabel ##1{\hss \llap {##1}}}% + \fi + +\enditemize: +macro:->\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne \endtrivlist +\end{verbatim} +\end{wideversion} +\begin{narrowversion} +\begin{verbatim} +$ latexdef -E itemize + +\itemize: +macro:->\ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@ \@toodeep + \else \advance \@itemdepth \@ne + \edef \@itemitem {labelitem\romannumeral + \the \@itemdepth}% + \expandafter \list + \csname \@itemitem \endcsname + {\def \makelabel ##1{\hss \llap {##1}}}% + \fi + +\enditemize: +macro:->\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne + \endtrivlist +\end{verbatim} +\end{narrowversion} +\end{quote} +(Yet again, this is a sanitised version of the macro definition +output, which appears as a single very wide line for each definition.) + If one has a malleable text editor, the same investigation may be conducted by examining the file \File{latex.ltx} (which is usually to be found, in a \acro{TDS} system, in directory \path{tex/latex/base}). @@ -2134,7 +2446,7 @@ distribution. \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}\LaTeX{} distribution]\CTANref{latex} \item[texdef, \nothtml{{\rmfamily aka }}latexdef]\CTANref{texdef} \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2011-03-17} +\LastEdit{2012-10-09} \Question[Q-oarglikesect]{Optional arguments like \csx{section}} @@ -2386,24 +2698,17 @@ normal \tex{}-style mandatory argument, and appears as \texttt{\#2}. While \Package{xparse} provides pleasing command argument specifications, it \emph{is} part of the % ! line break -\Qref*{\latex{}~3 experimental harness}{Q-LaTeX3}, and -simply loading the package ``pulls in'' a large bunch of other package -files via the \Package{expl3} package: these packages provide the rest -of the harness. -% original suggestion was to offer: -% \NewDocumentCommand{\mycommand}{s}{% -% % macro contents where #1 refers to *-variant (true) or not (false) -% \IfBooleanTF{#1}% Condition on * -% {}% TRUE: \mycommand* -% {}% FALSE: \mycommand -% } +\Qref*{\latex{}~3 experimental harness}{Q-LaTeX3}. +Simply loading the package to provide \csx{DeclareDocumentCommand} +``pulls in'' all of the \latex{}3 kernel (a large bunch of packages) +via the \Package{expl3} package. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[ifthen.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution \item[suffix.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{bigfoot}[suffix] \item[xparse.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3packages}[xparse] \item[expl3.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3kernel}[expl3] \end{ctanrefs} -\LastEdit{2012-02-07} +\LastEdit{2012-11-01} \nothtml{\hrule height 0pt \nobreak\vskip0pt plus2.5in\vskip 0pt\relax} \Question[Q-ltxabbrv]{\LaTeX{} internal ``abbreviations'', etc.} @@ -2910,8 +3215,36 @@ offers. Koma-Script's supporting command: \cmdinvoke{ifthispageodd}{<true>}{<false>} \end{quote} executes different things depending on the page number. + +The package \Package{ifoddpage} is designed to provide the same +facility; crucially, it can behave ``sensibly'' even if you are +typesetting for one-side printing only; like the \Package{changepage} +it uses a `check' command \csx{checkoddpage}. The conditional `side' +flags are set using (Plain) \TeX{} conditionals; they are defined +locally, so that you can minimise their use of \tex{} workspace~--- +see the package documentation for the somewhat tricky sequence +involved. In addition the package provides a command +\csx{ifoddpageoroneside}, which is true on odd pages of a two-side +document, or on all pages of a one-side document. Usage is: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\checkoddpage +\ifoddpage + odd-side text +\else + even-side text +\fi +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +The author's recommended usage (trickily) includes the whole operation +in a box; this has the advantage that your test will always work, but +the usual disadvantage that boxes may not split. In common uses, the +whole work will be done inside a box (as, for example, in the case of +a float), so the elaborate work proposed by the author is not +necessary. \begin{ctanrefs} \item[changepage.sty]\CTANref{changepage} +\item[ifoddpage.sty]\CTANref{ifoddpage} \item[ifthen.sty]Part of the \latex{} distribution: \CTANref{latex} \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}KOMA script bundle]\CTANref{koma-script} \item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} @@ -3282,7 +3615,7 @@ good read. However, it's always difficult to remember the things you should \emph{not} do, when there are so many things to remember that you -really must do: some automation is needed\dots{}. +really must do: some automation is useful\dots{}. The nicely-named \Package{nag} allows you to apply a configurable set of checks to your document, as you run it through \LaTeX{}; you get @@ -3312,6 +3645,11 @@ Package nag Warning: Command \bf is an old the package provides a demo file which contains most of the sorts of errors you might make~--- the example is one of them). \end{narrowversion} +While \Package{l2tabu} and \Package{nag} alert you to \emph{possible} +programming errors, you should not forget that they are merely +commenting on \emph{style}; don't assume that a \Package{nag} error is +going to damn your code~--- rather, note the issue and try to train +your fingers not to do the same ``next time''. The \ProgName{lacheck} program analyses your source and comments on it; its view of what is ``bad'' is \emph{very} subjective (the @@ -3325,9 +3663,9 @@ doesn't seem as comprehensive as \Package{nag}, but it allows you to download its script, which you can then juggle with to make it more draconian. \begin{ctanrefs} -\item[l2tabu]Browse \CTANref{l2tabu} for a copy in a language that's - convenient for you +\item[l2tabu]Browse \CTANref{l2tabu} for a copy of the document in a + language that is convenient for you \item[lacheck]\CTANref{lacheck} \item[nag.sty]\CTANref{nag} \end{ctanrefs} - +\LastEdit{2012-10-09}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-projects.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-projects.tex index d427436dbf7..f4b93ef1e1a 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-projects.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-projects.tex @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ distraction. \Question[Q-omegaleph]{Omega and Aleph} -Omega \nothtml{(\ensuremath{\Omega})} was developed as an extension of +Omega\nothtml{ (\ensuremath{\Omega})} was developed as an extension of \TeX{}, to use with multilingual texts, expressed in a variety of input encodings. Omega uses 16-bit, Unicode-encoded, characters. It provides many innovative concepts, notably including the ``translation @@ -390,34 +390,82 @@ typesetting. The new system was to be known as Omega-2 designed in a modular fashion so that support of new facilities (such as use of advanced OpenType fonts) could be added in a relatively straightforward fashion. A quick web search leads to a recommendation -that potential users consider \Qref{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex} instead. -Fortunately, lessons learned in Aleph project are being carried -forward in the \Qref*{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex} project. +that potential users consider \Qref*{\luatex{}}{Q-luatex} instead; +fortunately, lessons learned in Aleph project have been carried +forward in the development of \luatex{}. -\Question[Q-xetex]{The \xetex{} project} +\Question[Q-xetex]{\xetex{}} \href{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}{\xetex{}}, by Jonathan Kew, is a -successor to the shareware \TeX{}/\acro{GX} program for Macintoshes. -It is a Unicode-based \TeX{} implementation which is able to make -direct use of the fonts installed on a system. It supports the -advanced typographical features available in modern font technology -(OpenType, \acro{AAT} on Mac~\acro{OS}~X, Graphite). \xetex{} was -originally developed for Mac~\acro{OS}~X but it is now fully -integrated in \texlive{} on a wide range of platforms, as well as -being available as part of \miktex{}. \xetex{} supports Unicode -character sets and bidirectional typesetting (via \eTeX{} primitives). -It is popular among linguists and scholars in the humanities, as well -as an increasing range of people working in other fields. Support for -mathematical Unicode fonts (such as Asana Math and Cambria) is -progressing. - -The project has an active % ! line break -\href{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/xetex}{mailing list}; a -collection of other information is to be found in a set of % ! line break -\href{http://www.tug.org/xetex/}{links on the \acro{TUG} web site}. +successor to the shareware TeX/GX program for Macintoshes. It was +developed as a \acro{WEB} `change file' applied to the original source +of \tex{}; the main changes include: +\begin{description} +\item[The input stage] \xetex{} by default reads Unicode (UTF-8, for + instance), although it's also capable of interpreting differently + encoded files (for backwards compatibility). Multibyte characters + are reduced to a single internal character upon reading, so they are + considered as a unique entity when tokenization is performed. (So, + for example, you can have command names in cyrillic, if you must, + but such a practice is not recommended.) +\item[The font management] a substantial revision has added support + for OpenType and TrueType fonts, delegating some parts to + third-party libraries. +\item[The maths font set up] \xetex{} introduces new primitives for + extending the \csx{mathcode} and \csx{mathchardef} commands in TeX, + allowing the user to specify characters in the whole Unicode set and + in 256 `math families' (\tex{} only has 16, which limits some maths + coding techniques). +\item[``Post-processing'' features (A)] \xetex{} links to the + \ProgName{teckit} library so it can apply a \extension{map} file + that allows transformation of characters in already formed token + lists, before they are processed in the ``stomach'' for typesetting. + In this way, a declaration ``\texttt{Ligatures=TeX}'' is provided, + which attaches a map directive to the font that transforms the + character combinations (familiar to \tex{} users) into a single + character; for instance \texttt{-{}-{}-} is transformed into + ``\textemdash''. +\item[``Post-processing'' features (B)] Characters can be assigned to + an ``interchar token class'' and it is possible to specify tokens to + be added when there is a transition from one class to another. The + packages \Package{polyglossia}, \Package{xeCJK} and + \Package{ucharclasses} exploit this feature. +\end{description} +Otherwise, the process of typesetting is essentially the same as +\tex{}'s. (However some changes have also been made in the +hyphenation stage that may give slightly different results if the same +document is compiled with \pdftex{} or \xetex{}. \begin{ctanrefs} -\item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}XeTeX reference]\CTANref{xetexref} +\item[polyglossia.sty]\CTANref{polyglossia} +\item[xeCJK.sty]\CTANref{xecjk} +\item[ucharclasses.sty]\CTANref{ucharclasses} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-21} + +% \href{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}{\xetex{}}, by Jonathan Kew, is a +% successor to the shareware \TeX{}/\acro{GX} program for Macintoshes. +% It is a Unicode-based \TeX{} implementation which is able to make +% direct use of the fonts installed on a system. It supports the +% advanced typographical features available in modern font technology +% (OpenType, \acro{AAT} on Mac~\acro{OS}~X, Graphite). \xetex{} was +% originally developed for Mac~\acro{OS}~X but it is now fully +% integrated in \texlive{} on a wide range of platforms, as well as +% being available as part of \miktex{}. \xetex{} supports Unicode +% character sets and bidirectional typesetting (via \eTeX{} primitives). +% It is popular among linguists and scholars in the humanities, as well +% as an increasing range of people working in other fields. Support for +% mathematical Unicode fonts (such as Asana Math and Cambria) is +% progressing. + +% The project has an active % ! line break +% \href{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/xetex}{mailing list}; a +% collection of other information is to be found in a set of % ! line break +% \href{http://www.tug.org/xetex/}{links on the \acro{TUG} web site}. +% \begin{ctanrefs} +% \item[\nothtml{\rmfamily}XeTeX reference]\CTANref{xetexref} +% \end{ctanrefs} + + \Question[Q-luatex]{\PDFTeX{} and \LuaTeX{}} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-support.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-support.tex index e450af64c30..7e4f88560f2 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-support.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-support.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-support.tex,v 1.6 2011/10/29 22:03:32 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-support.tex,v 1.8 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Support Packages for \TeX{}} @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ picture-elements. Its output is code for the \LaTeX{} Optionally, it can be set to include lines at all angles using the em\TeX{} driver-family \htmlignore -\csx{special}s (\Qref{}{Q-specials}). +(\Qref*{\csx{special}s}{Q-specials}). \endhtmlignore \begin{htmlversion} \Qref{\csx{special}s}{Q-specials}. @@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ A Unix port of the program (\ProgName{xtexcad}) has been made. \Question[Q-spell]{Spelling checkers for work with \TeX{}} +Most approaches to the problem (of checking your spelling) are +designed to work with a plain text file; in our case, this is \alltex{} +source. For the user, this is a simple-to-understand way to do the +job; but for the spell-checker programmer, it requires heuristic (and +hence fallible) analysis of \alltex{} macros and so on. The +alternative, of viewing the text \emph{after} \alltex{} has processed +the results, is covered below. + For Unix, \ProgName{ispell} was long the program of choice; it is well integrated with \ProgName{emacs}, and deals with some \TeX{} syntax. However, it has more-or-less been replaced everywhere, by @@ -68,9 +76,8 @@ the \Qref*{shell/editor}{Q-editors} combinations that are available. The spell checker from the (now defunct) 4All\TeX{} shell remains available as a separate package, \ProgName{4spell}. -For the Macintosh, \ProgName{Excalibur} is the program of choice. It -will run in native mode on both sorts of Macintosh. The distribution -comes with dictionaries for several languages. +For the Macintosh, \ProgName{Excalibur} has long been used; its +distribution comes with dictionaries for several languages. The \acro{VMS} Pascal program \ProgName{spell} makes special cases of some important features of \LaTeX{} syntax. @@ -78,6 +85,23 @@ some important features of \LaTeX{} syntax. For \MSDOS{}, there are several programs. \ProgName{Amspell} can be called from within an editor, and \ProgName{jspell} is an extended version of \ProgName{ispell}. + +An alternative approach takes \alltex{} output, and checks that. A +straightforward approach is to produce \acro{PDF} output, and process +it with \ProgName{pdftotext}, using any plain text checker on the +result (the checkers listed above all work in this r\^ole). For this +to work reasonably well, the user should disable hyphenation before +making the \acro{PDF} output. + +The (experimental) \luatex{}/\latex{} package \Package{spelling} goes +one step further: it uses \ProgName{lua} code to extract words +\emph{while typesetting is going on}, but before hyphenation is +applied. Each word is looked up in a list of known bad spellings, and +the word highlighted if it appears there. In parallel, a text file is +created, which can be processed by a `normal' spelling checker to +produce a revised ``bad spelling'' list. (The package documentation +shows the end result; it includes words such as `spellling', which are +duly highlighted.) \begin{ctanrefs} \item[4spell]\CTANref{4spell} \item[amspell]\CTANref{amspell} @@ -86,10 +110,12 @@ version of \ProgName{ispell}. \item[excalibur]\CTANref{Excalibur} \item[ispell]\CTANref{ispell} \item[jspell]\CTANref{jspell} +\item[spelling.sty]\CTANref{spelling} \item[\nothtml{\bgroup\rmfamily}\acro{VMS}\nothtml{\egroup} spell]% \CTANref{vmspell} \item[winedt]\CTANref{winedt} \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-21} \Question[Q-wordcount]{How many words have you written?} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-t-g-wr.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-t-g-wr.tex index ede1f338519..2c8f88e7d93 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-t-g-wr.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-t-g-wr.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-t-g-wr.tex,v 1.13 2012/03/10 13:56:18 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-t-g-wr.tex,v 1.14 2012/10/09 18:26:54 rf10 Exp rf10 $ \section{Things are Going Wrong\dots{}} @@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ with the distribution for other implementations. Almost invariably, after such a change, the format files need to be regenerated after changing the memory parameters. -\Question[Q-usepictex]{Why can't I load \PiCTeX{}?} +\Question[Q-usepictex]{Why can't I load \pictex{}?} -\PiCTeX{} is a resource hog; fortunately, most modern \TeX{} +\pictex{} is a resource hog; fortunately, most modern \TeX{} implementations offer generous amounts of space, and most modern computers are pretty fast, so users aren't too badly affected by its performance. -However, \PiCTeX{} has the further unfortunate tendency to fill up +However, \pictex{} has the further unfortunate tendency to fill up \TeX{}'s fixed-size arrays~--- notably the array of 256 `dimension' registers. This is a particular problem when you're using \File{pictex.sty} with \LaTeX{} and some other packages that also need @@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ extending \TeX{} itself. It's actually quite practical (with most modern distributions) to use \eTeX{}'s extended register set: use package \Package{etex} (which comes with \eTeX{} distributions) and the allocation mechanism is -altered to cope with the larger register set: \PiCTeX{} will now load. +altered to cope with the larger register set: \pictex{} will now load. If you're in some situation where you can't use \eTeX{}, you need to change -\PiCTeX{}; unfortunately \PiCTeX{}'s author is no longer active in the +\pictex{}; unfortunately \pictex{}'s author is no longer active in the \TeX{} world, so one must resort to patching. There are two solutions available. @@ -85,16 +85,16 @@ an ingenious solution to the problem based on hacking the code of \csx{newdimen} itself. Alternatively, Andreas Schrell's \Package{pictexwd} and related -packages replace \PiCTeX{} with a version that uses 33 fewer +packages replace \pictex{} with a version that uses 33 fewer \csx{dimen} registers; so use \Package{pictexwd} in place of \Package{pictex} (either as a \LaTeX{} package, or as a file to read into \plaintex{}). -And how does one use \PiCTeX{} anyway, given that the +And how does one use \pictex{} anyway, given that the manual is so \Qref*{hard to come by}{Q-docpictex}? Fortunately for us all, the \ProgName{MathsPic} system may be used to translate a somewhat different language into -\PiCTeX{} commands; and the \ProgName{MathsPic} manual is free (and +\pictex{} commands; and the \ProgName{MathsPic} manual is free (and part of the distribution). \ProgName{MathsPic} is available either as a \ProgName{Basic} program for \acro{DOS}, or as a \ProgName{Perl} program for other systems (including Windows, nowadays). diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-texsys.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-texsys.tex index 84ebca739df..03f58520ef4 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-texsys.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-texsys.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-texsys.tex,v 1.13 2012/03/26 20:15:53 rf10 Exp $ +% $Id: faq-texsys.tex,v 1.15 2012/10/24 17:42:35 rf10 Exp $ \section{\TeX{} Systems} @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ We list here the free or shareware packages; \htmlignore -\Qref[question]{}{Q-commercial} discusses commercial packages. +a later \Qref{question}{Q-commercial} discusses commercial \tex{} products. \endhtmlignore \begin{htmlversion} another question addresses diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-wdidt.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-wdidt.tex index f4a9c08f3e2..ac786c10aab 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-wdidt.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq-wdidt.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq-wdidt.tex,v 1.17 2012/02/18 19:28:56 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq-wdidt.tex,v 1.23 2012/11/24 10:56:03 rf10 Exp $ \section{Why does it \emph{do} that?} @@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ This answer concerns two sorts of problems: errors of the form \begin{verbatim} ! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> - g -<*> [grump] + p +<*> [perhaps] \end{verbatim} \end{quote} -and those where a single asterisk at the start of a line mysteriously -fails to appear in the output. +and errors where a single asterisk at the start of a line mysteriously +fails to appear in the typeset output. Both problems arise because \texttt{\bsbs } takes optional arguments. The command \texttt{\bsbs *} means ``break the line here, and inhibit page break @@ -85,24 +85,24 @@ following the line break''; the command \texttt{\bsbs [}\meta{dimen}\texttt{]} means ``break the line here and add \meta{dimen} extra vertical space afterwards''. -So why does \texttt{\bsbs } get confused by these things at the start of a -line? It's looking for the first non-blank thing, and in the test it -uses ignores the end of the line in your input text. +The problem arises because \texttt{\bsbs } looks for the next +non-blank thing; the test it uses ignores the end of the line in +your input text, so that \texttt{\bsbs } comes to imagine that you +were giving it a `modifier'. -The solution is to enclose the stuff at the start of the new line in -braces: +An obvious solution is to enclose the stuff at the start of the new +line in braces, typing: \begin{quote} \begin{verbatim} {\ttfamily /* C-language comment\\ - {[grump]} I don't like this format\\ + {[perhaps]} this could be done better\\ {*}/ } \end{verbatim} \end{quote} -(The above text derives from an actual post to -\Newsgroup{comp.text.tex}; this particular bit of typesetting could -plainly also be done using the \environment{verbatim} environment.) +This particular example could be coded (without any problems) in +verbatim, but the behaviour does confuse people. The problem also appears in maths mode, in arrays and so on. In this case, large-scale bracketing of things is \emph{not} a good idea; the @@ -121,8 +121,10 @@ which is a usage this \acro{FAQ} would not recommend, anyway: refer to the \Qref*{reason not to use \environment{eqnarray}}{Q-eqnarray}. Note that the \Package{amsmath} package modifies the behaviour of -\texttt{\bsbs } in maths. With \Package{amsmath}, the \environment{eqnarray} -example doesn't need any special measures. +\texttt{\bsbs } in maths. With \Package{amsmath}, the +\environment{eqnarray} example doesn't need any special action +(\csx{relax} or braces). +\LastEdit{2012-09-02} \Question[Q-verbwithin]{Why doesn't verbatim work within\,\dots{}?} @@ -245,8 +247,8 @@ conflict with the content of the argument. This is pretty neat (even if the verbatim is in an argument of its own) but the downside is that \Package{xparse} pulls in -\Package{expl3} (the experimental \latex{}3 programming environment) -which is painfully large. +the experimental \latex{}3 programming environment +(\Package{l3kernel}) which is pretty big. Other than the \Package{cprotect} package, there are three partial solutions to the problem: @@ -297,17 +299,16 @@ solutions to the problem: \end{itemize} \begin{ctanrefs} \item[cprotect.sty]\CTANref{cprotect} -\item[expl3.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3kernel}[expl3] \item[fancyvrb.sty]\CTANref{fancyvrb} +\item[l3kernel \nothtml{\rmfamily}bundle]\CTANref{l3kernel} \item[memoir.cls]\CTANref{memoir} \item[url.sty]\CTANref{url} \item[verbdef.sty]\CTANref{verbdef} \item[xparse.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{l3packages}[xparse] -\LastEdit{2012-02-13} - \end{ctanrefs} +\LastEdit{2013-02-15} -\Question[Q-noline]{No line here to end} +\Question[Q-noline]{``No line here to end''} The error \begin{quote} @@ -403,6 +404,64 @@ be had by saying: % other instances: \[no]linebreak in vertical mode +\Question[Q-vertspacefloat]{Extra vertical space in floats} + +A common complaint is that extra vertical space has crept into +\environment{figure} or \environment{table} floating environments. +More common still are users who post code that introduces this extra +space, and \emph{haven't noticed the problem}! + +The trouble arises from the fact that the \environment{center} +environment (and its siblings \environment{flushleft} and +\environment{flushright}) are actually based on \LaTeX{}'s +list-handling code; and lists always separate themselves from the +material around them. Meanwhile, there are parameters provided to +adjust the spacing between floating environments and their +surroundings; so if we have: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics{...} + \caption{...} + \end{center} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +\nothtml{\noindent}or worse still: +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics{...} + \end{center} + \caption{...} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +unwarranted vertical space is going to appear. + +The solution is to let the float and the objects in it position +themselves, and to use ``generic'' layout commands rather than their +list-based encapsulations. +\begin{quote} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics{...} + \caption{...} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} +(which even involves less typing). + +This alternative code will work with any \LaTeX{} package. It will +not work with obsolete (pre-\LaTeXe{}) packages such as +\Package{psfig} or \Package{epsf}~--- see % beware line break +\Qref[question]{graphics inclusion}{Q-impgraph} for discussion of the +genesis of \csx{includegraphics}. +\LastEdit{2012-11-16} + \Question[Q-2colfltorder]{Two-column float numbers out of order} When \LaTeX{} can't place a float immediately, it places it on one of @@ -1683,19 +1742,22 @@ the problem. \Question[Q-dolldoll]{Why use \csx{[}\,\dots{}\csx{]} in place of \texttt{\$\$}\,\dots{}\texttt{\$\$}?} \LaTeX{} defines inline- and display-maths commands, apparently -s those that derive from the \TeX{} primitive maths -sequences bracketing maths commands with single (or pairs of) dollar signs. +duplicating those that derive from the \TeX{} primitive maths +sequences, that maths commands with single (or pairs of) dollar signs. As it turns out, \LaTeX{}'s inline maths grouping, % !line break \csx{(}\texttt{ ... }\csx{)}, has precisely the same effect as the \TeX{} primitive version \texttt{\$ ... \$}. (Except that the \LaTeX{} version checks to ensure you don't put \csx{(} and -\csx{)} the wrong way round.) +\csx{)} the wrong way round; this does occasionally detect errors\dots{}.) -In this circumstance, one often finds \LaTeX{} users, who have some +Since this is the case, one often finds \LaTeX{} users, who have some experience of using \plaintex{}, merely assuming that \LaTeX{}'s display maths grouping \csx{[}\texttt{ ... }\csx{]} may be replaced by -the \TeX{} primitive display maths \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}. +the \TeX{} primitive display maths \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}. Some +people ``go the whole hog'' and use \cmdinvoke{begin}{displaymath} +\dots{} \cmdinvoke{end}{displaymath} (which ``looks nicer'', in some +sense, and actually \emph{describes} what's being done. Unfortunately, they are wrong: if \LaTeX{} code is going to patch display maths, it can only do so by patching \csx{[} and \csx{]}. The most @@ -1704,14 +1766,17 @@ simply does not work for equations coded using % ! line break \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}, whether you're using the standard classes alone, or using package \Package{amsmath}. Also, the \csx{[} and \csx{]} construct has code for rationalising vertical spacing in some extreme -cases; that code is not available in \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}, so if you +cases; that code is not provided \texttt{\$\$ ... \$\$}, so if you use the non-standard version, you may occasionally observe -inconsistent vertical spacing . +inconsistent vertical spacing. Similar behaviour can bite if you are +writing a \emph{proof}; placing the ``\acro{QED} symbol'' doesn't work +if it is in \texttt{\$\$}-displayed maths. There are more subtle effects (especially with package \Package{amsmath}), and the simple rule is ``use % ! line break -\csx{[}\texttt{ ... }\csx{]} whenever displayed maths is needed in -\LaTeX{}''. +\csx{[}\texttt{ ... }\csx{]} (at least) whenever displayed maths is +needed in \LaTeX{}''. +\LastEdit{2013-02-20} \Question[Q-2letterfontcmd]{What's wrong with \csx{bf}, \csx{it}, etc.?} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq.sty index 225cffb242a..cbe87012536 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq.sty +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/faq.sty @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: faq.sty,v 1.134 2012/03/10 13:56:18 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: faq.sty,v 1.139 2012/11/10 14:25:12 rf10 Exp rf10 $ % % This is the LaTeX package that deals with the eccentricities of mark % up of the UK TeX FAQ. @@ -72,6 +72,12 @@ \expandafter\singlecolumnfalse \fi +\ifpdf + % suppress font list from pdftex + \RequirePackage{atveryend} + \AtVeryVeryEnd{\batchmode} +\fi + % % if we're doing pdf, set up hyperref package and backdoors that avoid % its sillier byproducts... @@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ \def\BibTeX{BibTeX}% \def\bibtex{BibTeX}% \def\PiCTeX{PiCTeX}% + \def\pictex{PiCTeX}% \def\CDROM{CD-ROM}% \def\TeXXeT{TeXXeT}% \def\MLTeX{ML-TeX}% @@ -175,6 +182,7 @@ \newcommand\BibTeX{Bib\TeX} \newcommand\bibtex{Bib\TeX} \newcommand\PiCTeX{PiC\TeX} + \newcommand\pictex{PiC\TeX} \newcommand\texlive{\TeX{} Live} % and... % @@ -205,6 +213,14 @@ \includecomment{narrowversion} \fi % +% define commands that behave differently according to the above +% \begin{hyperversion} +% \newcommand\quotify[1]{``#1''} +% \end{hyperversion} +% \begin{flatversion} +% \let\quotify\@firstofone +% \end{flatversion} +% % dummy environment for separating the intro \newenvironment{introduction}{}{} % @@ -243,6 +259,8 @@ \providecommand\texworks{\ProgName{TeXworks}} \providecommand\xetex{XeTeX} \providecommand\xelatex{XeLaTeX} +% +\newcommand\ctan{\acro{CTAN}} \newcommand\tex{\TeX{}} % \newcommand\macosx{Mac \acro{OS}/X} @@ -713,7 +731,7 @@ \PackageWarning{CTAN}{Undefined reference: #1}% \stepcounter{CTAN@unrefs}% }{{% - \def\@CTAN##1##2##3{http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/##2}% + \def\@CTAN##1##2##3{http://mirror.ctan.org/##2}% \href{\csname ctan-#1\endcsname}{#2}% }}} \else % DVI version @@ -721,7 +739,8 @@ \PackageWarning{CTAN}{Undefined reference: #1}% \stepcounter{CTAN@unrefs}% }{{% - \def\@ctan@path##1{\expandafter\httpify\LocalCTAN!##1} +% \def\@ctan@path##1{\expandafter\httpify\LocalCTAN!##1} + \def\@ctan@path##1{\LocalCTAN##1} \edef\@tempa{\csname ctan-#1\endcsname}% \expandafter\href\expandafter{\@tempa}{#2}% }}} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/filectan.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/filectan.tex index 8adf42b3cab..5e06dbf1813 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/filectan.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/filectan.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $Id: filectan.tex,v 1.139 2011/10/16 22:59:45 rf10 Exp rf10 $ +% $Id: filectan.tex,v 1.143 2012/12/07 19:34:33 rf10 Exp rf10 $ % % protect ourself against being read twice \csname readCTANfiles\endcsname @@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ \CTANfile{CTAN-sites}{CTAN.sites} \CTANfile{CTAN-uploads}{README.uploads}% yes, it really is in the root \CTANfile{Excalibur}{systems/mac/support/excalibur/Excalibur-4.0.2.sit.hqx}[excalibur] +\CTANfile{expl3-doc}{macros/latex/contrib/l3kernel/expl3.pdf}[l3kernel] \CTANfile{f-byname}{FILES.byname} \CTANfile{f-last7}{FILES.last07days} +\CTANfile{interface3-doc}{macros/latex/contrib/l3kernel/interface3.pdf}[l3kernel] \CTANfile{LitProg-FAQ}{help/comp.programming.literate_FAQ} \CTANfile{OpenVMSTeX}{systems/OpenVMS/TEX97_CTAN.ZIP} \CTANfile{T1instguide}{info/Type1fonts/fontinstallationguide/fontinstallationguide.pdf} @@ -42,8 +44,6 @@ \CTANfile{ispell}{support/ispell/ispell-3.2.06.tar.gz}[ispell] \CTANfile{knuth-letter}{systems/knuth/local/lib/letter.tex} \CTANfile{knuth-tds}{macros/latex/contrib/latex-tds/knuth.tds.zip} -\CTANfile{l2tabuen}{info/l2tabu/english/l2tabuen.pdf}[l2tabu-english] -\CTANfile{l2tabuen.src}{info/l2tabu/english/l2tabuen.tex}[l2tabu-english] \CTANfile{latex209-base}{obsolete/macros/latex209/distribs/latex209.tar.gz}[latex209] \CTANfile{latex-classes}{macros/latex/base/classes.dtx} \CTANfile{latex-source}{macros/latex/base/source2e.tex} @@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ \CTANfile{mathscript}{info/symbols/math/scriptfonts.pdf} \CTANfile{mathsurvey.html}{info/Free_Math_Font_Survey/en/survey.html} \CTANfile{mathsurvey.pdf}{info/Free_Math_Font_Survey/en/survey.pdf} +\CTANfile{memoir-man}{macros/latex/contrib/memoir/memman.pdf} \CTANfile{metafp-pdf}{info/metafont/metafp/metafp.pdf}[metafp] \CTANfile{mf-beginners}{info/metafont/beginners/metafont-for-beginners.pdf}[metafont-beginners] \CTANfile{mf-list}{info/metafont-list} @@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ \CTANfile{pk300w}{fonts/cm/pk/pk300w.zip} \CTANfile{QED}{macros/generic/proofs/taylor/QED.sty}[qed] \CTANfile{removefr}{macros/latex/contrib/fragments/removefr.tex}[removefr] +\CTANfile{repeat}{macros/generic/eijkhout/repeat.tex}[repeat] \CTANfile{resume}{obsolete/macros/latex209/contrib/resume/resume.sty} \CTANfile{savesym}{macros/latex/contrib/savesym/savesym.sty}[savesym] \CTANfile{setspace}{macros/latex/contrib/setspace/setspace.sty}[setspace] diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/gather-faqbody.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/gather-faqbody.tex index 92bb688aafa..764d2a22436 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/gather-faqbody.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/gather-faqbody.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -\def\faqfileversion{3.25} \def\faqfiledate{2012-03-29} +\def\faqfileversion{3.26} \def\faqfiledate{2013-02-25} % % The above line defines the file version and date, and must remain % the first line with any `assignment' in the file, or things will diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/install-CTAN b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/install-CTAN new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..162a5686311 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/install-CTAN @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +# this file is auto-generated; edit mk-makefile, not this + +for f in \ + ChangeLog \ + Makefile \ + README \ + dirctan.tex \ + faq.cls \ + faq.sty \ + filectan.tex \ + gather-faqbody.tex \ + letterfaq.tex \ + archive.cfg \ + markup-syntax \ + newfaq.tex \ + letterfaq.pdf \ + newfaq.pdf \ + faqfont.cfg.cmfonts \ + FAQ-html.tar.gz \ + CHANGES-3.24 \ + faq-adj-types.tex \ + faq-backgrnd.tex \ + faq-biblio.tex \ + faq-bits+pieces.tex \ + faq-docs.tex \ + faq-dvi.tex \ + faq-fmt-conv.tex \ + faq-fonts.tex \ + faq-getit.tex \ + faq-graphics.tex \ + faq-how-do-i.tex \ + faq-hyp+pdf.tex \ + faq-install.tex \ + faq-intro.tex \ + faq-jot-err.tex \ + faq-lab-ref.tex \ + faq-litprog.tex \ + faq-mac-prog.tex \ + faq-projects.tex \ + faq-support.tex \ + faq-symbols.tex \ + faq-t-g-wr.tex \ + faq-texsys.tex \ + faq-the-end.tex \ + faq-wdidt.tex ; do +if [ -f /anfs/ctan/tex-archive/help/uk-tex-faq/$f ]; then + ctan_install -replace -silent -nozip $f help/uk-tex-faq/$f ; else + ctan_install -new -silent -nozip $f help/uk-tex-faq/$f ; fi; done diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/letterfaq.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/letterfaq.pdf Binary files differindex c7036d0f3e8..d9f0abc30a0 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/letterfaq.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/letterfaq.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/newfaq.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/newfaq.pdf Binary files differindex 3b095b7fa51..f001dc5efa3 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/newfaq.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/newfaq.pdf |