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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/fonttest.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/fonttest.tex deleted file mode 100644 index c84aa89bc44..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/fonttest.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -% FONTTEST.TEX -% -% Test all the possible font combinations in the MN design -% -% v0.4 --- released 25th August 1994 (M. Reed) -% v0.3 --- released 22nd February 1994 -% v0.25 --- released 24th July 1992 -% v0.1 --- first released 27th February 1992 -% -% Copyright Cambridge University Press - -% The following line automatically loads the mn macros if you are not -% using a format file. -\ifx\mnmacrosloaded\undefined \input mn\fi - - -% If your system has the AMS fonts version 2.0 installed, MN.tex can be -% made to use them by uncommenting the line: %\AMStwofontstrue -% -% By doing this, you will be able to obtain upright Greek characters. -% e.g. \umu, \upi etc. See the section on "Upright Greek characters" in -% the author guide for further information. - -\newif\ifAMStwofonts -%\AMStwofontstrue - -\ifCUPmtplainloaded - \AMStwofontstrue -\else - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfit} {cmbxti10} {} - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfss} {cmssbx10} {} - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfit} {cmbxti10} {} % for math mode - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfss} {cmssbx10} {} % " " " - % - \ifAMStwofonts - \NewSymbolFont{upmath} {eurm10} - \NewSymbolFont{AMSa} {msam10} - \NewMathSymbol{\upi} {0}{upmath}{19} - \NewMathSymbol{\umu} {0}{upmath}{16} - \NewMathSymbol{\upartial}{0}{upmath}{40} - \NewMathSymbol{\leqslant}{3}{AMSa}{36} - \NewMathSymbol{\geqslant}{3}{AMSa}{3E} - \let\oldle=\le \let\oldleq=\leq - \let\oldge=\ge \let\oldgeq=\geq - \let\leq=\leqslant \let\le=\leqslant - \let\geq=\geqslant \let\ge=\geqslant - \fi - % -\fi - -\def\tface{\ifCUPmtplainloaded (Monotype Times)\else (Computer Modern)\fi} - -\parindent=0pt - -\onecolumn - -\pageoffset{-2.5pc}{0pc} - -\begintopmatter -\title{A test file showing all of the possible font combinations} - -\shortauthor{Monthly Notices font test \tface} -\shorttitle{Monthly Notices font test \tface} -\maketitle - -\overfullrule=0pt - -\loadboldmathnames - -% not available in sub, sub sub and super, super super script: -% \it, \sl, \tt, \sc and \sf (Computer Modern version) - -\def\digs{0123456789} -\def\testfont#1{% - \advance\baselineskip by 5pt - {\tenrm #1:}\medskip - {$\rm Roman^{\rm Roman^{\rm Roman}}$}\ \ - {$\bf Boldface^{\bf Boldface^{\bf Boldface}}$}\par -% - \ifCUPmtplainloaded % Times version - {$\it Italic^{\it Italic^{\it Italic}}$}\ \ - {$\sl Slanted^{\sl Slanted^{\sl Slanted}}$}\par - {$\tt Typewriter^{\tt Typewriter^{\tt Typewriter}}$}\ \ - {$\sc Small\ Caps^{\sc Small\ Caps^{\sc Small\ Caps}}$}\par - {$\sf Sans\ Serif^{\sf Sans\ Serif^{\sf Sans\ Serif}}$}\par - \else - {\it Italic}\ \ - {\sl Slanted}\ \ - {\tt Typewriter}\par - {\sc Small Caps}\ \ - {\sf Sans Serif}\par - \fi - % - {\textbfit{Bold text italic}% - $^{\mathbfit{Bold\ text\ italic^{\mathbfit{Bold\ text\ italic}}}}$}\par - {\textbfss{Bold sans-serif}% - $^{\mathbfss{Bold\ sans-serif}^{\mathbfss{Bold\ sans-serif}}}$}\par - % - \ifAMStwofonts - Upright math, and others $\upi^{\upi^{\upi}}, \umu^{\umu^{\umu}}, - \upartial^{\upartial^{\upartial}}, \le^{\le^{\le}}, \ge^{\ge^{\ge}}$ - \par - \fi - % - {$\cal CALAGRAPHIC^{\cal CALAGRAPHIC^{\cal CALAGRAPHIC}}$}\par - {$\bmath{\cal BOLD\ CALAGRAPHIC^{\cal BOLD\ CALAGRAPHIC^{\cal BOLD\ CALAGRAPHIC}}}$}\par - - {$Math\ italic^{Math\ italic^{Math\ italic}}$}\par - {$\bmath{Bold\ math\ italic^{Bold\ math\ italic^{Bold\ math\ italic}}}$}\par - - {${\rm Oldstyle}\ \oldstyle \digs^{\oldstyle \digs^{\oldstyle \digs}}$}\par - {${\rm Bold\ oldstyle}\ \bmath{\oldstyle \digs^{\oldstyle \digs^{\oldstyle \digs}}}$}\par - - {\rm Math symbols}\ \ - $\gamma^{\gamma^{\gamma}}\quad \theta^{\theta^{\theta}} - \quad \nu^{\nu^{\nu}}\quad \nabla^{\nabla^{\nabla}}$\par - {\rm Bold math symbols}\ \ - $\bgamma^{\bgamma^{\bgamma}}\quad \btheta^{\btheta^{\btheta}} - \quad \bnu^{\bnu^{\bnu}}\quad \bnabla^{\bnabla^{\bnabla}}$\par -% $$ -% \bar x_1-\bar x_2-\left (t_{1-{\alpha\over 2}} -% \ \times \ s\sqrt{{1\over n_1}+{1\over n_2}}\right )\ {\rm to} \ \bar -% x_1-\bar x_2+\left (t_{1-{\alpha\over 2}} -% \times s\sqrt{{1\over n_1}+{1\over n_2}}\right ) -% $$ -% }% - Special symbols: - $\la$\ $\ga$\ $\getsto$\ $\cor$\ $\lid$\ $\gid$\ $\sol$\ $\sog$\ - $\lse$\ $\gse$\ $\grole$\ $\leogr$\ $\loa$\ $\goa$\ \sun\ \degr\ - \diameter\ $\sq$\ \fd\ \fh\ \fm\ \fs\ \fdg\ \fp\ \farcs\ \farcm\ - \arcsec\ \arcmin\ $\bbbr$ $\bbbm$ $\bbbn$ $\bbbf$ $\bbbh$ $\bbbk$ - $\bbbp$ $\bbbone$ $\bbbc$ $\bbbq$ $\bbbt$ $\bbbs$ $\bbbz$\par - % - \ifCUPmtplainloaded - \Half - \noindent (Monotype Times version only)\par - \noindent AMS symbol fonts: - $\boxplus$, $\boxtimes$, $\blacksquare$, $\centerdot$, $\lozenge$, - $\blacklozenge$, $\yen$, $\checkmark$, $\circledR$, $\maltese$, - $\nleqq$, $\ngeqq$, - $\precneqq$, $\succneqq$, $\precnapprox$, $\succnapprox$, $\lnapprox$, - $\gnapprox$\par - \noindent Blackboard Bold: $\Bbb{A}\ldots\Bbb{Z}$\par - \fi - \Two -} - - -\eightpoint\testfont{8 point}% - -\ninepoint\testfont{9 point}% - -\vfil\eject - -\tenpoint\testfont{10 point}% - -\elevenpoint\testfont{11 point}% - -\vfil\eject - -\fourteenpoint\testfont{14 point}% - -\vfil\eject - -\seventeenpoint\testfont{17 point}% - -\bye - -% end of fonttest.tex diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnguide.dvi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnguide.dvi Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7448861d79e..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnguide.dvi +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnguide.tex deleted file mode 100644 index f68e7a06bef..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnguide.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1988 +0,0 @@ -% MNGUIDE.TEX -% -% Authors' guide for the plain TeX MN macros -% -% v1.5 --- released 25th August 1994 (M. Reed) -% v1.4 --- released 22nd February 1994 -% v1.3 --- released 21st December 1992 -% -% Copyright Cambridge University Press - -% The following line automatically loads the mn macros if you are not -% using a format file. -\ifx\mnmacrosloaded\undefined \input mn\fi - -% If your system has the AMS fonts version 2.0 installed, MN.tex can be -% made to use them by uncommenting the line: %\AMStwofontstrue -% -% By doing this, you will be able to obtain upright Greek characters. -% e.g. \umu, \upi etc. See the section on "Upright Greek characters" in -% this guide for further information. - -\newif\ifAMStwofonts -%\AMStwofontstrue - - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Macros for this guide %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\makeatletter -\newskip\ttglue \ttglue=0pt - -\chardef\other=12 -\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other - \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other - \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other - \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other - \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}% -{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }} - -\outer\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf \ttverbatim \parskip=0pt% - \catcode`\|=0 \rightskip=-5pc \ttfinish} - -{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\other - |obeylines - |gdef|ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{#2}|endgroup$$}} - -\catcode`\|=\active -{\obeylines\gdef|{\ttverbatim\spaceskip=\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let|=\endgroup}} - -\newdimen\macind \macind=1em % the default indent - -\def\beginlines{\par\begingroup\nobreak\Half - \leftskip=\macind - \parindent=0pt% - \nobreak \obeylines \everypar{\strut}% -} -\def\endlines{\endgroup\Half\noindent} - -\def\hang#1#2{% - \par\hangindent=70pt% - \advance\hangindent by 1em - \noindent\hskip 1em \rlap{\tt #1}\hskip 70pt\relax - #2\par% -} - -\def\beginexhang#1{\par\bgroup\let\item=\ex@hang} - -\def\ex@hang#1{% - \everypar{}\par - \Half - \everypar{\noindent \ignorespaces}% - \noindent %\hskip-\hangindent - \boxw{\tt\char"5C #1}\quad\ignorespaces -} - -\def\endexhang{\par\egroup\Half} - -\def\beginquote{\bgroup\par\Half\leftskip=2em \rightskip=2em - \eightpoint\noindent\ignorespaces} -\def\endquote{\par\Half\egroup\noindent} - -\newdimen\fboxrule \fboxrule=.4pt -\newdimen\fboxsep \fboxsep=3pt -\newdimen\tempdimA -\newbox\BoxA - -\newif\ifnocr -\def\boxw#1{{\global\nocrtrue \fboxsep=2pt \boxit{#1}}} - -\long\def\boxit#1{% - \setbox\BoxA=\hbox{\kern\fboxsep #1\kern\fboxsep}% - \tempdimA=\fboxrule - \advance\tempdimA by \fboxsep - \advance\tempdimA by \dp\BoxA - \noindent \hbox{\lower\tempdimA - \hbox{% - \vbox{% - \hrule height \fboxrule - \hbox{% - \vrule width \fboxrule \hskip-\fboxrule - \vbox{\vskip\fboxsep \box\BoxA\vskip.5\fboxsep}% - \hskip -\fboxrule \vrule width \fboxrule - }% - \hrule height \fboxrule - }% - }% - }% - \ifnocr \global\nocrfalse\else \par\medskip\noindent\ignorespaces\fi -} - -\def\multi{\vbox\bgroup\advance\hsize by -2\fboxsep \def\\{\hfil\break}} -\def\endmulti{\egroup} - -\def\Notes{% - \if@nobreak \everypar{}\half \else \addpen{\gds@cbrk}\addvspace{\half}\fi - \noindent\@nohdbrk {\em Notes}\par - \nobreak \vskip\half \nobreak \@noafterindent -} - - -\def\LaTeX{La\TeX} -\makeatother -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% End of macros for guide %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfit} {cmbxti10} {} - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfss} {cmssbx10} {} - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfit} {cmbxti10} {} % for math mode - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfss} {cmssbx10} {} % " " " - % - \ifAMStwofonts - % - \NewSymbolFont{upmath} {eurm10} - \NewSymbolFont{AMSa} {msam10} - \NewMathSymbol{\upi} {0}{upmath}{19} - \NewMathSymbol{\umu} {0}{upmath}{16} - \NewMathSymbol{\upartial}{0}{upmath}{40} - \NewMathSymbol{\leqslant}{3}{AMSa}{36} - \NewMathSymbol{\geqslant}{3}{AMSa}{3E} - \let\oldle=\le \let\oldleq=\leq - \let\oldge=\ge \let\oldgeq=\geq - \let\leq=\leqslant \let\le=\leqslant - \let\geq=\geqslant \let\ge=\geqslant - \else - \def\umu{\mu} - \def\upi{\pi} - \def\upartial{\partial} - \fi -\fi - -% Marginal adjustments using \pageoffset maybe required when printing -% proofs on a Laserprinter (this is usually not needed). -% Syntax: \pageoffset{ +/- hor. offset}{ +/- vert. offset} -% e.g. \pageoffset{-3pc}{-4pc} - -\pageoffset{-2.5pc}{0pc} - -\loadboldmathnames - -\begintopmatter % start the two spanning material - -\title{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society:\hfil\break - plain \TeX\ style guide for authors} -\author{M. A. Reed} -\affiliation{Cambridge University Press, Shaftesbury Road, - Cambridge CB2 2BS} - -\shortauthor{M. A. Reed} -\shorttitle{Monthly Notices: plain \TeX\ guide for authors} - -\acceptedline{Accepted 1993 December 11. Received 1993 March 17} - -\abstract {This guide is for authors who are preparing papers for the -Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society using the -Monthly Notices plain \TeX\ macros.} - -\keywords {Plain \TeX, {\tt mn.tex} -- sample text -- user guide.} -\pagerange{1--13}%% -\pubyear{1994} - -\maketitle - -% Start of main text - -\section{Introduction} - -In addition to the standard submission of hardcopy from authors, -Monthly Notices accepts machine-readable forms of papers in \TeX. -The layout design for Monthly Notices has been implemented as a -\TeX\ format. This guide is not a substitute for the \TeX\ manual -itself. Authors planning to submit their papers in \TeX\ are advised -to use |mn.tex| as early as possible in the creation of their files. - - -\subsection{The MN macros} - -MN is a set of plain \TeX\ macros for the Monthly Notices design, -incorporating both the single- and double-column formats. -MN.STY is the corresponding \LaTeX\ style file. -The MN design package consists of the following files; do not edit these -files in any way. -\Half -\hang{MN.TEX} {the macro definitions} -\hang{MNGUIDE.TEX} {the input file for this guide} -\hang{MNSAMPLE.TEX} {the input file for a sample article} -\hang{MNLAND.TEX} {a landscape figure for use with the sample article} -\hang{FONTTEST.TEX} {a file to test all of the fonts used in MN} -\Half -\noindent The input files for the guide, sample pages, landscape sample and -fonttest automatically call in the MN macros if you haven't preloaded them -by using a format file. -Therefore, this guide can be typeset by typing: |tex MNGUIDE|, or -|tex &mn MNGUIDE|. - -When your article is printed in the Monthly Notices journal, it is typeset -in Monotype Times. As most authors do not have this font, it is likely that -the make-up will change with the change of font. For this reason, we ask -you to ignore details such as slightly long lines, page stretching, or -figures falling out of synchronization, because these details can be dealt with at a later stage. - - -\subsection{General style issues} - -For general style issues, authors are referred to the `Instructions for -Authors' on the inside back cover of Monthly Notices. Authors who are -interested in the details of style are referred to Butcher (1992) and -The Chicago Manual (1982). The language of the journal is British -English and spelling should conform to this. - - -\subsection{Submission of \TeX\ articles to the journal} - -Authors are urged to state that electronic submission is intended when -first submitting their paper. Papers should initially be submitted in the -usual way to the Executive Secretary, Royal Astronomical Society, Burlington -House, London W1V~0NL, as set out on the inside front cover of each issue -of Monthly Notices. Three hard copies should be supplied. One of these -copies should be single-sided and double-spaced throughout, while the other -two should be weight-reduced, by being either single-spaced or double-sided. -Note that articles, or revised versions thereof, may not be submitted by -electronic mail. Appropriate gaps should be left for figures, original -versions and copies of which should also be supplied. Authors should ensure -that their figures are suitable (in terms of lettering, size, etc.) for the -reduction they intend. - -Authors who wish to include PostScript artwork dir\-ectly into their -articles can do so, by using either Tomas Rokicki's {\sf EPSF} macros -or Trevor Darrell's {\sf PSFIG} macros (both of which are supplied with -the DVIPS PostScript driver). Please remember to supply any additional -figure macros you use with your article. -Please also supply hard copies of your figures, for the use of production -editors and as a back-up. -Authors should not attempt to -use implementation specific |\special|'s directly. - -The correct Monthly Notices House -Style should be used -- details are given in the Instructions for Authors, -in the Style Guide published in the 1~January 1993 issue (\hbox{MNRAS}, -260,~1), and in Appendix C of this guide. -No disk should be submitted at this initial stage. When the paper has been -accepted, the double-spaced copy will be marked up by the subeditors at -Blackwell Science (BS) and returned to you for correction. -When the requested corrections have been made, you should send the following -material to BS: -\beginlist -\item (i) a 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch disk for PC (double or high density or -Apple Mac), containing the {\em corrected\/} version of the paper; the file -for the final version should be text-only, with no source-dependent control -codes (i.e. an ASCII file); - -\item (ii) two hard copies of the corrected version, plus the original -marked up copy of the article; {\em any further author corrections should -be clearly indicated on the latter\/}; - -\item (iii) a signed statement that the revised hard copy and the disk do -indeed correspond. -\endlist -In addition, you should submit the following information concerning the disk -and its contents: -\beginlist -\item (i) the disk format (e.g. PC 360k); - -\item (ii) how many files the disk contains, their names, a description of -the file contents and the number of pages each file will produce when -printed; details of any user-defined macros; - -\item (iii) the computer system and implementation of \TeX\ used (e.g. -IBM~PC-386, PC\TeX~v3.14). -\endlist -Unless the layout of the paper has to be significantly changed by the -typesetter (for example, if the gaps left for figures are not suitable), it -will not be necessary to send you a typeset proof to check, as the paper -will be set directly from your submitted disk. However, you should note -that, if serious problems are encountered with the coding of your paper -(missing author-defined macros, for example), it may prove necessary to -divert the paper to conventional typesetting. - - -\section{General instructions for installation} - -The simplest way to use this macro package is to copy the above files into a -suitable directory or work area on your computer. Write your -article using the macros described below (or use the sample article as a -template) and ensure that the following is included at the very beginning of your input file: -\beginlines -|\ifx\mnmacrosloaded\undefined \input mn\fi| -\endlines - -When you typeset your article using |tex <article file name>| the macro -definitions will be loaded automatically before your text is processed. -This will happen rather slowly on a small computer and you may find it much -faster to work with the \TeX\ format file for the MN macros. -This can be created by using the program INITEX: -\beginlines -|initex &plain mn| -\endlines -This usage of this command will vary from one installation of \TeX\ to -another. In {\sc Unix} implementations of \TeX\ the `|&|' character must -be `escaped' with a `|\|` because it is a magic character, -e.g. |initex \&plain mn|. -In PC\TeX\ you type the following (seek local advice if you -are not sure how to use INITEX on your system): -\beginlines -|tex &plain mn /i| -\endlines - -When the process is complete type |\dump| at the \TeX\ prompt. -This creates the format file |MN.FMT|. Type the following command to -typeset your article: -\beginlines -|tex &mn <article file name>| -\endlines -\TeX\ will process your article at high speed. - - -\subsection{The font test and sample pages} - -Once you have installed the MN macros, run the following test. The file -|FONTTEST.TEX| produces a sample of each font size used in the MN design. -To use this do |tex FONTTEST| or |tex &mn FONTTEST| (after creating the -|MN.FMT| format file). -Preview the resulting |DVI| file on-screen and generate hard copy output on -your facilities. It will show you whether any of the fonts selected by the -Monthly Notices design are going to cause problems on your system. - -As a final test of the installation, typeset the sample article, using -|tex MNSAMPLE| or |tex &mn MNSAMPLE|. -Use this article in conjunction with the instructions in this guide to -work out how to typeset an article for Monthly Notices. - - -\subsubsection{Page margins} - -Some \TeX\ sites may find that pages from the MN design are positioned -incorrectly on the paper from local laserprinters. This can be corrected by the -use of the |\pageoffset| macro. It takes two parameters, the first being -the horizontal offset, the second the vertical offset, e.g. -\beginlines -|\pageoffset{-1pc}{2pc}| -\endlines -The above example will shift the output one pica to the left, and two picas -down the page. Usually there is no need to use this macro; only use it if -required. - - -\subsubsection{Author macro names} - -For efficiency, some authors may wish to write their own macros. Those who -intend to do this will be aware of the problem of creating unique -identifiers (macro names). The most common way around this problem has been -to include |@| somewhere in the identifier, e.g. |\@utput| or |\sec@tion|. -Knuth, the creator of \TeX, has adopted this method in the plain \TeX\ -definitions and it can also be found in other format packages such as -\LaTeX. - -However, use of this method can cause problems if the internals of plain -\TeX\ or the MN macros get `over-ridden'. There is a simpler method which is -much safer. Simply prefix your macro names with your initials, -e.g.\ |\MARmacro|. - - -\section{The design macros} - -Refer to the source code of the sample pages for examples of the following -design macros in use. It is very important that the article should end -with a |\bye| as this typesets `This paper$\ldots$' at the very end. - - -\subsection{Article opening} - -There are certain macros that should appear near the top of your input file. -The following is the recommended way to begin your article. -% -\beginexhang{begintopmatter} -\item{onecolumn} Selects single-column output (default = two-column). - The |\onecolumn| command {\em must\/} be used before |\begintopmatter| - for the article opening to work correctly. - - You should not use |\onecolumn| unless your article has a high - mathematical content which won't fit into the two-column measure easily. - Selection of one-column output also affects the actions of other macros, - particularly those controlling figures and tables. - -\item {Referee} This selects referee mode (double spaced) if required - (default = not selected). Figure captions and Tables are not double - spaced by this option. - -\item {authorcomment} This creates a catchline at the bottom of the page - which authors may wish to use to keep track of the versions of their - article. - -\item {begintopmatter} This macro should be used just before defining the - article title and author names. If you omit this macro \TeX\ will - complain loudly when it reaches the |\maketitle| macro. - -\item {title} Set the article title, e.g. -\beginlines -|\title{Dust envelopes around RV Tauri stars}| -\endlines - -\item {author} Set the article author(s), e.g. -\beginlines -|\author{A. V. Raveendran}| -\endlines - -\item {affiliation} Set the author affiliation(s), e.g. -\beginlines -|\affiliation{Indian Institute of Astrophysics..}| -\endlines -Multiple author names should be set as follows. Do not use -`\&' between names, always use `and'. Each author name is -listed, followed by a reference mark (usually a superscripted -number). The reference mark refers to each author's -respective affiliations in a list which follows afterwards. -For example, -\beginlines -\vbox{% -|\author{A.~Moorhouse,$^{1,2}$| -| P.~W.~J.~L.~Brand,$^1$| -| T.~R.~Geballe$^3$ and M.~G.~Burton$^4$}| -|\affiliation{$^1$ Department of Astronomy, ...}| -|\affiliation{$^2$ Present address: Dublin| -| Institute for ...}| -|\affiliation{$^3$ Joint Astronomy Centre ...}| -|\affiliation{$^4$ NASA Ames Research Center ...}| -}% -\endlines -Note that the `present address' in -the above example is treated as though it were an affiliation. Similarly, -fellowships or other posts, for example `Visiting Observer, Mount John -University Observatory \dots' should be listed in the acknowledgments. - -\item {shortauthor} Define the even-page running head. -\beginlines -|\shortauthor{R. A. Stathakis and E. M. Sadler}| -\endlines -Initials only should be used in running heads; use `and', -not~`\&', to separate the final two names. When there is a -long list of authors (four or more) use the form -\beginlines -|\shortauthor{D.~T.~Wickramasinghe et al.}| -\endlines - -\item {shorttitle} Define the odd-page running head. -\beginlines -|\shorttitle{The H\,{\eightit I} spectra}| -\endlines -Notice the use of the |\,| (thinspace) after the `H' in the above example. -The |\eightit| simulates the effect of an italic small-caps. -If you require roman (upright) text in the short-title, say for `IRAS', -you would use: -\beginlines -|\shorttitle{...{\rm IRAS}...}| -\endlines -It may also be necessary to add an italic correction |\/| before the |\rm| -to improve the spacing. - -\item {abstract} Set the abstract information, e.g. -\beginlines -|\abstract {This is the text of the abstract ...}| -\endlines -This design macro requires that the text (which can be -longer than one paragraph) is enclosed in braces. -The abstract must fit on to the -first page of the article when typeset. - -\item {keywords} Set any article key words, e.g. -\beginlines -|\keywords {circumstellar matter| -| -- infrared: stars.}| -\endlines -The same applies for |\keywords| as for the |\abstract| macro. - -\item {maketitle} This macro must be used just before the first section - or the first text paragraph. -\endexhang - - -\subsection{Headings} - -Some headings are capitalized. Where this is true the design macro will -automatically capitalize whatever you key. As a rule, it is advisable to -capitalize the first letter, and any words that normally start with a capital, -i.e. proper nouns, abbreviations, but key all other words in lower case. - -The |\section|, |\subsection| and |\subsubsection| mac\-ros are -automatically numbered. To produce unnumbered headings, `star' forms of -these macros exist, e.g. |\section*|. -% -\beginexhang{subsubsection} -\item {section} Start a new section, e.g. -\beginlines -|\section{Introduction}| -\endlines -For main section headings such as `Acknowledgments' and -`References' use the |\section*| macro, e.g. -\beginlines -|\section*{Acknowledgments}| -\endlines -The |\section| command is also used to produce appendices -(see Subsection~3.11 for more information).%% - -\item {subsection} Start a new subsection, e.g. -\beginlines -|\subsection{Colour--colour diagram}| -\endlines - -\item {subsubsection} Start a new subsubsection, e.g. -\beginlines -|\subsubsection{Correlation with subgroups}| -\endlines - -\item {paragraph} Start a new subsubsubsection, e.g. -\beginlines -|\paragraph{Correlation with subgroups.} Text| -| runs on after heading...| -\endlines -It is important to note that text runs on after a -|\paragraph|. There should be no break between this heading -and the next paragraph. -\endexhang - -\noindent The macro |\section| forces the text of the heading into upper -case, and |\subsection| emboldens the text. When headings contain names -with lowercase or small capital letters, place these letters in the -argument of |\lowercase|, e.g. -\beginlines -|N\lowercase{a}\,{\sixbf I}/%| -|C\lowercase{a}\,{\sixbf II}| -\endlines -to get `\dots\ {\bf Na\,{\sixbf I}/Ca\,{\sixbf II}}\ \dots' in a section -heading. The |\sixbf| commands produce a simulated bold small-caps. -This technique can also be applied to the running heads; see the example in -|\shorttitle|. - -The paragraph indent on any text following a |\section|, |\subsection| -or |\subsubsection| is automatically removed by the macros. - - -\subsection{Lists} -\subsubsection{Numbered lists} - -Numbered lists are keyed in a simple and straightforward way. They begin -with a |\beginlist| command. Each item is marked with |\item| with its -number (in round braces) followed by the text for the item. The number -should be in lower case roman numerals. The list is ended with |\endlist|. -For example, -\beginlines -|\beginlist| -|\item (i) the attenuated and diluted stellar| -| radiation;| -|\item (ii) scattered radiation, and| -|\item (iii) reradiation from other grains.| -|\endlist| -\endlines - -\Notes - -\beginlist -\item (i) Extra white space is automatically added above and below the list. -\item (ii) Outside the scope of the |\beginlist| and |\endlist| commands the - |\item| command reverts to its plain \TeX\ definition. Don't use the - plain \TeX\ |\item| command on its own, as the spacing and indents will - be incorrect. -\item (iii) The paragraph indentation on the first paragraph following the - |\endlist| command is removed automatically if you leave no blank - line between the |\endlist| and the text. -\endlist - - -\subsubsection{Unnumbered lists} - -These should be keyed in the same way as numbered lists (described above), -except that each item in the list has no number in round braces. - - -\subsection{Illustrations (or figures)} - -Figures should be keyed as follows: -\beginlines -|\beginfigure{|{\em n\/}|}| -| \vskip 3cm| -| \caption{{\bf Figure |{\it f}|.} An example figure in| -| which space has been left for the artwork.}| -|\endfigure| -\endlines -Figure captions should be below the figure itself, therefore -the |\caption| command should appear after the figure or space -left for an illustration. -The {\em n\/} value is the logical figure number. This number determines -the output order of the figure (in two-column mode). -It must start at~1 and increase with each successive figure. -\beginfigure{1} - \vskip 3cm - \caption{{\bf Figure 1.} An example figure in which space has been - left for the artwork.} -\endfigure -The |\caption| macro is only valid in the scope of -|\beginfigure|$\ldots$|\endfigure|. - -The example above will produce a single-column figure in two-column mode. -To produce a double-spanning figure use: -\beginlines -|\beginfigure*{|{\em n\/}|}| -| |$\ldots$ -| \caption{|$\ldots$|}| -|\endfigure| -\endlines -Notice that |\beginfigure*| ends with |\endfigure|. If the text in the -caption is less than one line long it is centred automatically, otherwise -it is set full-out. - -\Notes - -\beginlist -\item (i) If there is more than one figure panel to a caption, the depth - value should increase by 13pt (4.5mm) for every extra figure (if they are - one above another). This allows for a gap between each figure panel. - -\item (ii) If a figure occupies one complete page, insert a depth that does - not completely fill the page, otherwise the figure may be output at the - end of the paper (or not at all)! -\endlist - -See `Instructions for Authors' in Monthly Notices for submission of -artwork. - -\subsubsection{Points to note for figures in one-column articles} - -\beginlist -\item (i) All figures (and their captions) will be set to full width even - if they are keyed using |\beginfigure|$\ldots$|\endfigure|. - Captions shorter than one line will be centred as normal. - -\item (ii) The logical figure number is ignored in one-column mode. - Therefore the figures are output in the order in which they appear in - the source. - -\item (iii) If a figure is placed very early in the source code, - it is possible for it to float to the top of the first page - (above the title). In this case, move the figure one paragraph down and - try again. It may be necessary to do this with other figures to keep the - output order correct. -\endlist - - -\subsection{Tables} - -Tables should be keyed something like this: -\beginlines -|\begintable{|{\em n\/}|}| -| \caption{{\bf Table |{\em t\/}|.} |$\ldots$|}| -| \halign{| $<$alignment$>$ |}| -| \tabletext{| text below table, table footnotes, etc. |}| -|\endtable| -\endlines -The {\em n\/} value is the logical table number, and {\em t\/} is the -table number. The logical table number determines the output order of the -table (in two-column mode). -It must start at~1 and increase with each successive table. - -The table caption should appear before the body of the table. -The |\tabletext| macro is provided for table notes, and table footnotes. -It can contain more than one paragraph of text. Ten points of space are -automatically added above |\tabletext|. Only one |\tabletext| is allowed -per table. The usage of |\tabletext| is optional. - -If you wish to insert non-aligned text into the body of the alignment do -not use |\noalign{|{\em text\/}|}| as this will make the table appear to -be full width to the macros, resulting in the table being set flush left. -In this case you can either use |\multispan| or use -|\noalign{\hbox{|{\em text\/}|}}|. - -The caption, and any text below the table will be set to the table -width, when the table is centred by the macros. -The |\caption| and |\tabletext| macros are only valid in the scope of the -|\begintable|$\ldots$|\endtable|. - -Table~1 is produced with the following code: -\beginlines -|\begintable{1}| -| \caption{{\bf Table 1.} Radio-band beaming| -| model parameters for FSRQs and BL Lacs.}| -| \halign{#\hfil & \quad \hfil#\hfil\quad &| -| \hfil#\hfil\quad & \hfil#\hfil\quad &| -| \hfil#\hfil\quad & \hfil#\hfil\quad &| -| \hfil#\hfil\cr| -| Class & $\gamma_1$ & $\gamma_2$ & $\langle| -| \gamma \rangle$ & $G$ & $f$| -| & $\theta_{\rm c}$ \cr| -| BL Lacs & 5 & 36 & 7 & $-4.0$ & $1.0\times| -| 10^{-2}$ & 10$^\circ$ \cr| -| FSRQs & 5 & 40 & 11 & $-2.3$ & $0.5\times| -| 10^{-2}$ & 14$^\circ$ \cr| -| }| -| \tabletext{{\em G} is the slope of the Lorentz| -| factor distribution, i.e. $n(\gamma)\propto| -| \gamma^G$, extending between $\gamma_1$| -| and $\gamma_2$, with mean value $\langle| -| \gamma\rangle$, {\em f\/} is the ratio| -| between the intrinsic jet luminosity and the| -| extended, unbeamed luminosity, while| -| $\theta_{{\rm c}}$ is the critical angle| -| separating the beamed class from the parent| -| population.}| -|\endtable| -\endlines - -\begintable{1} - \caption{{\bf Table 1.} Radio-band beaming model parameters - for FSRQs and BL Lacs.} - \halign{#\hfil&\quad \hfil#\hfil\quad& \hfil#\hfil\quad& - \hfil#\hfil\quad& \hfil#\hfil\quad& \hfil#\hfil\quad& - \hfil#\hfil\cr - Class & $\gamma_1$ & $\gamma_2$ & $\langle \gamma \rangle$ & $G$ & $f$ - & $\theta_{\rm c}$ \cr - BL Lacs & 5 & 36 & 7 & $-4.0$ & $1.0\times 10^{-2}$ & 10$^\circ$ \cr - FSRQs & 5 & 40 & 11 & $-2.3$ & $0.5\times 10^{-2}$ & 14$^\circ$ \cr - } - \tabletext{{\em G} is the slope of the Lorentz factor distribution, i.e. - $n(\gamma)\propto \gamma ^G$, extending between $\gamma _1$ and - $\gamma_2$, with mean value $\langle \gamma \rangle$, {\em f\/} is the - ratio between the intrinsic jet luminosity and the extended, unbeamed - luminosity, while $\theta_{{\rm c}}$ is the critical angle separating - the beamed class from the parent population.} -\endtable - -\noindent The example above will produce a single-column table in two-column -mode. To produce a double-spanning table use: -\beginlines -|\begintable*{|{\em n\/}|}| -| \caption{|$\ldots$|}| -| \halign{|$\ldots$|}| -| \tabletext{|$\ldots$|}| -|\endtable| -\endlines -Notice that |\begintable*| ends with |\endtable|. - -Tables are allowed to have single horizontal rules, at the head -and foot only. Horizontal rules should have 3pt of space above and below -them. Vertical rules should not be used. - -If a table occupies one complete page, you may find it necessary to reduce -its depth slightly, so that it doesn't completely fill the page, otherwise -the table may be output at the end of the paper (or not at all)! - - -\subsubsection{Points to note for tables in one-column articles} - -\beginlist -\item (i) Tables that will fit into a column in two-column mode will be - centred on the full page width in one-column mode. - -\item (ii) The logical table number is ignored in two-column mode. - Therefore the tables are output in the order in which they appear in - the source. - -\item (iii) If a table is placed very early in the source code, - it is possible for it to float to the top of the first page - (above the title). In this case, move the table one paragraph down and - try again. It may be necessary to do this with other tables to keep the - output order correct. -\endlist - - -\subsection{Captions for continued figures and tables} - -If a very large figure or table does not fit on one page, -it must be split into two floats; the second float should use a -continued caption in the form: -\smallskip -\centerline{{\bf Figure 6} -- {\it continued}} -\smallskip -\noindent The figure or table number in the continued caption should be -the same as in the original caption. These captions should be keyed as -follows: -\beginlines -|\begintable{|{\it n\/}|}| -| \caption{{\bf Table |{\it t\/}|} -- {\it continued}}| -| :| -|\endtable| -\endlines -Notice that there is no full-point after the figure/table number. - - -\subsection{Landscape pages} - -If a table or illustration is too wide to fit the standard measure, it -must be turned, with its caption, through 90 degrees anticlockwise. -Landscape illustrations and/or tables cannot be produced directly -using the MN macros because \TeX\ itself cannot turn the -page, and not all device drivers provide such a facility. - -The first step is to produce blank pages (with a running head) in the -output, so that the landscape material can be pasted in later. How -this is done depends on whether your article is in one or two columns. - -For one-column articles use the following: -\beginlines -|\pageinsert| -| \vfil\centerline{{\bf Figure |{\em f\/}|.} Landscape| -| figure to go here.}\vfil| -|\endinsert| -\endlines -otherwise use -\beginlines -|\beginfigure*{|{\em n\/}|}| -| \vbox to 646pt{\vfil \caption{{\bf Figure |{\em f\/}|.}| -| Landscape figure to go here.}\vfil}| -|\endfigure| -\endlines -for two-column articles. You may find it necessary to move the above code -up or down the source code until the blank page appears on the page after -the first reference. - -Next create a separate document containing the command |\landscape| near -the top (or use |mnland.tex| as a template). -In this file include the complete tables and illustrations (with captions) -using the figure and table macros provided, remembering to number the -captions in the correct sequence, e.g. -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else \eject\fi %% -\beginlines -|\ifx\mnmacrosloaded\undefined \input mn\fi| -\smallskip -|% use the following if your driver supports it| -|% \special{landscape}| -\smallskip -|% you may require \pageoffset for landscape| -|% \pageoffset{0pc}{-1.5pc}| -\smallskip -|\landscape| -|\authorcomment{Landscape material to be pasted| -| into the article.}| -\smallskip -|\begintopmatter| -|\maketitle| -\smallskip -|\beginfigure{1}| -|\caption{{\bf Figure 4.} Photometric| -| comparisons |$\ldots$|}| -|\endfigure| -\smallskip -|:| -\smallskip -|\bye| -\endlines -Once you have successfully processed the new file with the MN macros, you -can pass the resulting output through your dvi printer driver. Because the -output of the MN macros is wider than it is deep, the page has to be printed -landscape on your output device. - -Some dvi printer drivers will understand the `landscape' |\special| command -and will automatically rotate the output, while others need to be told from -the command line. Consult your local documentation if you don't know how to -do this. - - -\subsection{Plate pages} - -These are provided for tip-in plates, and should only be used for -these. The plate page macros create a blank page with a special running -head; its contents can be set using the |\plate| command. The text in the -head should be keyed as shown below. The {\em no\/} and {\em vol\/} -numbers will be determined by the typesetter. -\beginlines -|\beginplatepage| -| \plate{Opposite p.~|{\em no\/}|, MNRAS, {\bf |{\em vol\/}|}}| -| \caption{{\bf Figure |{\em f\/}|.} |$\ldots$|}| -|\endplatepage| -\endlines -If the plate is a `landscape' plate its caption (if any) should be set -using a separate `landscape' file (as described above). If the plate is -to be placed `portrait' its caption can be set by using the |\caption| -command as shown above. The style of the caption should be the same as for -normal figure captions. If the plate fills most of the page, it is advisable -to place the caption at the very bottom of the page -- this can be achieved -by using |\vfill| above the caption. - -Plate pages will always appear on the page following the one on which the -|\endplatepage| command is encountered. At present it is impossible to have -two plate pages side by side, since there must be at least one page between -them. If a new plate page is started before a previous one is output the -first plate page is lost. - - -\subsection{Footnotes} - -Footnotes are only available in the one-column format. They should be -keyed in the standard plain \TeX\ way using |\footnote|, e.g. -\beginlines -|text\footnote {|{\em symbol\/}|}{|{\em footnote text}$\ldots$|} text| -\endlines -where {\em symbol\/} should be in the sequence: -$\star$ (|\star|), \dag, \ddag, \S, \P, $\|$, $\star\star$ (|\star\star|), -\dag\dag, \ddag\ddag, \S\S, \P\P, $\|\|$. -The |\footnote| command should only be used for footnotes in the main text. - - -\subsection{Bibliography} - -References to published literature should be quoted in text by author -and date: e.g.\ Draine (1978) or (Begelman, Blandford \& Rees 1984). -Where more than one reference is cited having the same author(s) and date, -the letters a,b,c, $\ldots$ should follow the date: e.g.\ Smith (1988a), -Smith (1988b), etc. - - -\subsubsection{References in the text} - -References in the text are given by author and date, and, whichever -method is used to produce the bibliography, the references in the text -are done in the same way. -When you introduce a three-author paper, you should list all -three authors at the first citation, and thereafter use et al. - -\subsubsection{The list of references} - -The following listing shows how references should be keyed in the style of -the journal. -\beginlines -|\section*{References}| -\smallskip -|\beginrefs| -|\bibitem Butcher J., 1992, Copy-editing:| -| The Cambridge Handbook, 3rd edn.| -| Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge| -|\bibitem The Chicago Manual of Style, 1982.| -| Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago| -|\bibitem Blanco P., 1991, PhD thesis,| -| Edinburgh University| -|\bibitem Brown A. B., Jones C. D., 1989,| -| in Robinson E. F., Smith G. H., eds,| -| Proc. IAU Symp. 345, Black Dwarfs.| -| Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 210| -|\bibitem Edelson R. A., 1987, ApJ, 313, 651| -|\bibitem Lamport L., 1986, \LaTeX: A Document| -| Preparation System. Addison--Wesley,| -| New York| -|\bibitem Mirabel I. F., Sanders D. B., 1989,| -| ApJ, 340, L53| -|\bibitem Misner C. W., Thorne K. S.,| -| Wheeler J. A., 1973, Gravitation.| -| Freeman, San Francisco| -|\bibitem Sopp H. M., Alexander P., 1991,| -| MNRAS, 251, 112| -|\bibitem Stella L., Campana S., 1991, in| -| Treves A., Perola G. C., Stella L., eds,| -| Iron Line Diagnostic in X-ray Sources.| -| Springer--Verlag, Berlin, p. 230| -|\endrefs| -\endlines -The following rules apply for the ordering of your references: -\beginlist -\item (i) if an author has written several papers, some with other authors, - the rule is that the single-author papers precede the two-author - papers, which, in turn, precede the multi-author papers; -\item (ii) within the two-author paper citations, the order is determined - by the second author's surname, regardless of date; -\item (iii) within the multi-author paper citations, the order is - chronological, regardless of author surnames. -\endlist - -\Notes - -\beginlist -\item (i) The |\bibitem| command is undefined unless it is used in the - scope of the |\beginrefs|$\ldots$|\endrefs|. -\item (ii) Bibliographical items can be longer than one paragraph. -\item (iii) The paragraph indentation on the first paragraph following the - |\endrefs| command is removed automatically if you leave no blank - line between the |\endrefs| and the text. -\endlist - - -\subsection{Appendices} - -The appendices section of your article should start with a |\appendix|, -after which each |\section| starts a new appendix. For example, -\beginlines -|\appendix| -|\section{for authors}| -\endlines -will yield:\par -\smallskip -\centerline{\bf APPENDIX A:\enskip FOR AUTHORS}\par -\smallskip -\noindent The |\appendix| macro should only be used once. - -If the appendix has no subtitle, the parameter to the |\section| command -should be left empty. For example, -\beginlines -|\section{}| -\endlines -will produce:\par -\smallskip -\centerline{\bf APPENDIX B}\par -\smallskip -\noindent Any subsections or subsubsections in the appendix are -automatically numbered. -You should also note that displayed equations in appendices should be -numbered (A1), (A2) for Appendix A, and (B1), (B2) for Appendix B, etc. - -The numbering for displayed equations can be made automatic by using the -|\stepeq| macros described in Subsubsection~3.13.2.%% - -Figures and Tables should also be numbered in a similar way, -e.g. Fig. A1, A2, Table A1, A2 in appendices. - - -\subsection{Typeface selection} - -The normal plain \TeX\ typeface conventions apply. The following faces -are available as normal: |\rm|, |\it|, |\bf|, |\sl|, |\sf|, |\sc|, -|\tt|, |\mit|, |\cal| and |\oldstyle|. - -Bold versions of |\cal| and |\oldstyle| can be produced in -combination with |\bmath|. Use of |\bmath| on its own will provide bold -math italic letters. - -A new |\em| command provides {\em emphasis\/} for important words. -The |\em| command will automatically switch the face of the emphasized -words to make them stand out. So, -\beginlines -|\rm this is an {\em emphasized\/} word.| -|\it this is an {\em emphasized} word.| -\endlines -gives\par -\centerline{\rm this is an {\em emphasized\/} word.} -\centerline{\it this is an {\em emphasized\/} word.} -\Half -\noindent Notice the use of the italic correction command (|\/|) in the -above example. - -The following are fully loaded in text, script and scriptscript sizes: -|\rm|, |\bf|, math italic, math symbol, bold math italic and bold symbol. -The faces |\it|, |\sl|, |\tt|, |\sc| and |\sf| are loaded at text size only. -See |fonttest.tex| for a better idea of how these work. - - -\subsection{Typesetting mathematics} -\subsubsection{Displayed mathematics} - -Equations should be keyed using normal plain \TeX\ macros. -Display mathematics are automatically set flush left by the macros. -The standard plain \TeX\ math commands |\eqalign|, |\eqalignno| will -work as before. The |\leqalignno| command is switched automatically -to |\eqalignno| to prevent the equation number from crashing into the -equation. If you wish to use |\displaylines|, this has to be handled -in a slightly different way. For example, -$$ -\displaylines{% - \hbox to \hsize{}\cr - [\nu_1]-[\nu_2]=-2.5\log [f(\nu_1)/f(\nu_2)],\hfill\stepeq\cr - \alpha=-(1+Q)\beta-3,\hfill\stepeq\cr - q=2+\gamma -Q.\hfill\stepeq\cr} -$$ -was produced with: -\beginlines -|$$| -|\displaylines{%| -| \hbox to \hsize{}\cr| -| [\nu_1]-[\nu_2]=-2.5\log [f(\nu_1)/f(\nu_2)],| -| \hfill\stepeq\cr| -| \alpha=-(1+Q)\beta-3,\hfill\stepeq\cr| -| q=2+\gamma -Q.\hfill\stepeq\cr}| -|$$| -\endlines -Notice the |\hbox to \hsize{}| to ensure that the equation is set to the -full width. The |\hfill|'s ensure that the equations are set flush left -and the equation numbers are set flush right. - -If the equations in |\displaylines| are unnumbered, you still need the -|\hfill|'s to ensure the equations are set flush left. - - -\subsubsection{Automatic equation numbering} - -Displayed equations can be numbered automatically by the use of |\stepeq|. -For example, -\beginlines -|$$| -| \alpha=-(1+Q)\beta-3,\eqno\stepeq| -|$$| -\endlines -which produces: -$$ -\alpha=-(1+Q)\beta-3,\eqno\stepeq -$$ -The |\stepeq| macro can be used in any of the places where a equation -number is normally expected. Sub-equation numbering is also provided, -allowing equation numbers in the form (2a) to be produced. For example, -$$ -\eqalignno{% - \alpha & =-(1+Q)\beta-3, & \startsubeq\cr - q & =2+\gamma -Q. & \stepsubeq\cr - [\nu_1]-[\nu_2] & =-2.5\log [f(\nu_1)/f(\nu_2)] & \stepsubeq\cr} -$$ -was produced by: -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else \eject\fi %% -\beginlines -|$$| -|\eqalignno{%| -| \alpha & =-(1+Q)\beta-3, & \startsubeq\cr| -| q & =2+\gamma -Q. & \stepsubeq\cr| -| [\nu_1]-[\nu_2] & =-2.5\log [f(\nu_1)/f(\nu_2)]| -| & \stepsubeq\cr}| -|$$| -\endlines -The sub-equation number is reset each time a |\stepeq| is used. Equation -numbering is automatically reset to `(A1)' when a |\appendix| is used. - - -\subsubsection{Bold math italic} - -To obtain bold math italic, you should use |\bmath|. -So to obtain: -$$ - d(\bmath{s_{t_u}}) = \langle [RM(\bmath{X_y} - + \bmath{s_t}) - RM(\bmath{x_y})]^2 \rangle -$$ -you would key: -\beginlines -|$$| -| d(\bmath{s_{t_u}}) = \langle [RM(\bmath{X_y}| -| + \bmath{s_t}) - RM(\bmath{x_y})]^2 \rangle| -|$$| -\endlines -This facility is available in all typesizes. - - -\subsubsection{Bold Greek and other bold symbols} - -Bold lowercase Greek characters can be obtained by prefixing -the normal (unbold) symbol name with a `b', e.g.\ |\bgamma| gives $\bgamma$. -This rule does not apply to bold |\eta|, as this would lead to a name -clash with |\beta|. Instead use |\boldeta| for bold eta. Note that there -is no |\omicron| (so there is no |\bomicron|), just use `o' in math mode -for omicron and `|\bmath{o}|' for bold omicron. - -Bold versions of most of the other symbols in appendix~F in the \TeX book -can be obtained in the same way. - -For bold uppercase Greek, prefix the unbold character name with |\bf|, -e.g.\ |\bf\Gamma| gives $\bf\Gamma$. -Upper and lowercase Greek characters are available in all typesizes. - -You can then use these definitions in math mode, as you would normal Greek -characters: -% -\beginlines -|$$| -| \balpha_{\bmu} = {\bf\Theta} \alpha.| -|$$| -\endlines -% -will produce -% -$$ - \balpha_{\bmu} = {\bf\Theta} \alpha. -$$ -To save \TeX's valuable memory the symbol names for the bold math -characters are not loaded automatically. To load them simply type -\beginlines -| \loadboldmathnames| -\endlines -in the document. Alternatively, if you only need one or two of them, -simply copy the appropriate definitions from |mn.tex| -to your document. For a complete list of the bold math symbols -supplied, see the file |mn.tex|. - - -\subsubsection{Upright Greek characters} - -You can obtain upright Greek characters if you have access to the -American Maths Society Euler fonts (version 2.0), but you may not -have these. In this case, you will have to use the normal math italic -symbols and the typesetter will substitute the corresponding upright -characters. You will make this easier if you can use the macros |\upi|, -|\umu| and |\upartial| etc.\ in your text to indicate the need for upright -characters, together with the following definitions in the preamble -(before |\begintopmatter|): - -\subsubsection*{Authors with AMS fonts} - -\beginlines -|\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else| -| \NewSymbolFont{upmath} {eurm10}| -| \NewMathSymbol{\upi} {0}{upmath}{19}| -| \NewMathSymbol{\umu} {0}{upmath}{16}| -| \NewMathSymbol{\upartial}{0}{upmath}{40}| -|\fi| -\endlines - -\subsubsection*{Authors without AMS fonts} - -\beginlines -|\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else| -| \def\umu{\mu}| -| \def\upi{\pi}| -| \def\upartial{\partial}| -|\fi| -\endlines -Wether you have AMS fonts or not, the |\if..| and |\fi| are required in the -above examples to ensure that when your article is typeset in Monotype -Times, the correct definitions for these symbols are used. - -The sample pages, guide and fonttest can be made to use AMS fonts if you -have them. To use them, just uncomment the following line in the preamble -of |mnguide.tex|, |mnsample.tex| and |fonttest.tex|: -% -\beginlines -|%\AMStwofontstrue| -\endlines -% -If you do this, the following upright symbols are used in the -sample pages, guide and fonttest: |\upi|, |\umu| and |\upartial|. - - -\subsubsection{Special symbols} - -The macros for the special symbols in Tables~2 and~3 have been taken from -the Springer Verlag `Astronomy and Astrophysics' design, with their -permission. They are directly compatible and use the same macro names. -These symbols will work in all text sizes, but are only guaranteed to work -in text and displaystyles. Some of the symbols will not get any smaller -when they are used in sub- or superscripts, and will therefore be displayed -at the wrong size. Don't worry about this as the typesetter will be able to -sort it out. -% -\begintable*{2} -\caption{{\bf Table 2.} Special symbols which can only be used in -math mode.} -\advance\baselineskip by 2pt -\halign{#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\qquad\qquad - &#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\cr -Input & Explanation & Output & Input & Explanation & Output\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule\vskip 3pt} -|\la| & less or approx & $\la$ & - |\ga| & greater or approx & $\ga$\cr -|\getsto| & gets over to & $\getsto$ & - |\cor| & corresponds to & $\cor$\cr -|\lid| & less or equal & $\lid$ & - |\gid| & greater or equal & $\gid$\cr -|\sol| & similar over less & $\sol$ & - |\sog| & similar over greater & $\sog$\cr -|\lse| & less over simeq & $\lse$ & - |\gse| & greater over simeq & $\gse$\cr -|\grole| & greater over less & $\grole$ & - |\leogr| & less over greater & $\leogr$\cr -|\loa| & less over approx & $\loa$ & - |\goa| & greater over approx & $\goa$\cr -|\bbbr| & Blackboard bold R & $\bbbr$ & - |\bbbm| & Blackboard bold M & $\bbbm$ \cr -|\bbbn| & Blackboard bold N & $\bbbn$ & - |\bbbf| & Blackboard bold F & $\bbbf$ \cr -|\bbbh| & Blackboard bold H & $\bbbh$ & - |\bbbk| & Blackboard bold K & $\bbbk$ \cr -|\bbbp| & Blackboard bold P & $\bbbp$ & - |\bbbone| & Blackboard bold 1 & $\bbbone$ \cr -|\bbbc| & Blackboard bold C & $\bbbc$ & - |\bbbq| & Blackboard bold Q & $\bbbq$ \cr -|\bbbt| & Blackboard bold T & $\bbbt$ & - |\bbbs| & Blackboard bold S & $\bbbs$ \cr -|\bbbz| & Blackboard bold Z & $\bbbz$ \cr -% -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule} -} -\endtable - -\begintable*{3} -\caption{{\bf Table 3.} Special symbols which don't have to be -used in math mode.} -\advance\baselineskip by 2pt -\halign{#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\qquad\qquad - &#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\cr -Input & Explanation & Output & Input & Explanation & Output\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule\vskip 3pt} -|\sun| & sun symbol & $\sun$ & - |\degr| & degree & $\degr$\cr -|\diameter| & diameter & \diameter & - |\sq| & square & $\sq$\cr -|\fd| & fraction of day & \fd & - |\fh| & fraction of hour & \fh\cr -|\fm| & fraction of minute & \fm & - |\fs| & fraction of second & \fs\cr -|\fdg| & fraction of degree & \fdg & - |\fp| & fraction of period & \fp\cr -|\farcs| & fraction of arcsecond & \farcs & - |\farcm| & fraction of arcmin & \farcm\cr -|\arcsec| & arcsecond & \arcsec & - |\arcmin| & arcminute & \arcmin\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule} -} -\endtable - -\ifCUPmtplainloaded -\subsubsection{Extra features in the Monotype Times version} - -This section of the guide will only be included if the guide is \TeX ed -with the Times version of the MN macros (mtmn.tex). The following features -are only available in the Times version: -\beginlist -\item (i) All of the type sizes available are fully loaded. -\item (ii) Most of the symbols in Table~2 will be substituted - with symbols from the |mtxm| font. Only |\sq| is substituted in Table~3. -\item (iii) All of the symbols in the |mtxm| and |mtym| fonts can be used, - at any size (using the normal AMS names). - If the author has used |mssymb.tex| then this can be removed, as most - of this file is now included in MN. If the author has used the new AMS - symbol fonts |msam| and |msbm| -- check the log file for missing - characters (once you've removed |msam| and |msbm|). - You have to do this because |msam| and |msbm| contain a few extra - characters NOT in |mtxm| and |mtym|. If you find missing characters get - help! -\item (iv) Uppercase blackboard bold is available in all sizes. e.g. - \beginlines - |$\Bbb{A}\ldots\Bbb{Z}$|\qquad gives\qquad $\Bbb{A}\ldots\Bbb{Z}$ - \endlines - If the author has made-up their own uppercase blackboard bold characters - you can safely use |\Bbb| instead. -\item (v) If the author has used the simulated Blackboard bold symbols - these are automatically substituted for the real characters, except for - |\bbbone| which is redefined to work better with Times fonts. -\endlist -\fi - -\section{Example of section heading with - S{\sevenbf MALL} C{\sevenbf APS}, - \lowercase{lowercase}, \textbfit{italic}, and bold - Greek such as $\bmu^{\bkappa}$} - -The above heading was produced with: -\beginlines -|\section{Example of section heading with| -| S{\sevenbf MALL} C{\sevenbf APS},| -| \lowercase{lowercase}, \textbfit{italic},| -| and bold Greek such as $\bmu^{\bkappa}$}| -\endlines - -\appendix -\section{for authors} - -Table~A1 is a list of design macros which are unique to |mn.tex|. The list -displays each macro's name and description. -% -\begintable*{4} -\caption{{\bf Table A1.} Authors' notes.} -\vbox to 630pt{% -\halign{#\hfil&\quad #\hfil\cr -Macro name and syntax & Description\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule\vskip 3pt} -|\pageoffset {h-off}{v-off}| & Adjust positioning of text area on paper.\cr -|\Referee| & Enable double-spaced referee mode.\cr -|\onecolumn| & Enable one-column mode (default = - two-column).\cr -|\landscape| & Enable landscape mode (default = portrait).\cr - & The |\landscape| command automatically calls |\onecolumn|.\cr -|\loadboldmathnames| & Enable the use of bold symbols, e.g. |\bgamma|\cr -|\authorcomment| & Catchline for draft version/date.\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\begintopmatter| & Start the two-spanning topmatter.\cr -|\title {<text>}| & Article title.\cr -|\author {<text>}| & Author(s).\cr -|\affiliation {<text>}| & Author affiliation(s).\cr -|\shortauthor {<text>}| & Set the even-page running head.\cr -|\shorttitle {<text>}| & Set the odd-page running head.\cr -|\abstract {<text>}| & Abstract.\cr -|\keywords {<text>}| & Key words.\cr -|\maketitle| & End the two-spanning topmatter.\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\section {<text>}| & Heading level A.\cr -|\section* {<text>}| & Unnumbered A-heading.\cr -|\subsection {<text>}| & Heading level B.\cr -|\subsubsection {<text>}| & Heading level C.\cr -|\paragraph {<text>}| & Heading level D.\cr -|\appendix| & Start the articles appendix section. - The |\section| command starts\cr - & a new appendix.\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\stepeq|, |\startsubeq|, |\stepsubeq| & Automatic equation numbering.\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\beginlist| & Numbered list:\cr -| \item (i) <text>| & Omit the number and round braces from - each |\item| for an unnumbered list.\cr -| \item (ii) <text>|\cr -\noalign{\vskip-.25\baselineskip} -| |$\ldots$\cr -\noalign{\vskip-.2\baselineskip} -|\endlist|\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\beginrefs| & Bibliography.\cr -| \bibitem <text>|\cr -\noalign{\vskip-.25\baselineskip} -| |$\ldots$\cr -\noalign{\vskip-.2\baselineskip} -|\endrefs|\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\beginfigure{n}| & Figures:\cr -| <figure space>| & Use the |\beginfigure*| form for a - double-spanning figure\cr -| \caption{{\bf Figure n.} caption}| & in two-column mode.\cr -|\endfigure|\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\begintable{n}| & Tables:\cr -| \caption{{\bf Table n.} caption}| - & Use the |\begintable*| form for a double-spanning table\cr -| <alignment>| & in two-column mode.\cr -| \tabletext{<text>}|\cr -|\endtable|\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\caption{{\bf Figure n} -- {\it continued}}| & Continued captions.\cr -|\caption{{\bf Table n} -- {\it continued}}|\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\beginplatepage| & Plate pages.\cr -| \plate{Opposite p.\ n, MNRAS, {\bf n}}|\cr -| <figure space>|\cr -| \caption{{\bf Figure n.} caption}|\cr -|\endplatepage|\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\Two, \OneHalf, \One, \Half| & Extra vertical space: These macros insert - white space, in multiples\cr - & of the linefeed, between paragraphs. Use during page make-up in \cr - & preference to plain \TeX's |\smallskip|, |\medskip| and |\bigskip|.\cr -\noalign{\Half} -|\bmath{math text}|, |\em| & Bold math and emphasized text.\cr -|\textbfit{text}|, |\mathbfit{text}| & Bold text italic (defined in - the preamble of |mnsample.tex|).\cr -|\textbfss{text}|, |\mathbfss{text}|& Bold text sans serif (defined in - the preamble of |mnsample.tex|).\cr -|\umu|, |\upi|, |\upartial| & Upright math characters. These will only - appear upright if you have\cr - & AMS v2.0 fonts. See ``upright greek - characters" for further information.\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule\vskip 3pt} -}} -\endtable - - -\section{for editors} - -The additional features shown in Table~B1 may be used for production -purposes only. -% -\begintable*{5} -\caption{{\bf Table B1.} Editors' notes.} -\halign{#\hfil&\quad #\hfil\cr -Macro name and syntax & Description\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule\vskip 3pt} -|\pageno=000| & to set pagination; default = 1.\cr -|\pagerange{000--000}| & note the use of the en-rule\cr -|\letters| & for short communications (adds L to folios)\cr -|\pagerange{L00--L00}| & for short communications\cr -|\microfiche{MN000/0}| & for articles accompanied by microfiche\cr -|\pubyear{0000}| & catchline date\cr -|\volume{000}| & catchline volume\cr -|\acceptedline{text}| & acceptance date\cr -|\nofloat| & Position a figure or table at the current position - (one-column only).\cr - & The |\nofloat| macro should be positioned directly after the\cr - & |\beginfigure|/|table|, and will cause the macros to use |\midinsert|\cr - & (remember that |\midinsert| will turn into a |\topinsert| if there\cr - & is not enough space).\cr -\noalign{\vskip 3pt\hrule\vskip 3pt} -} -\endtable - - -\section{Monthly Notices journal style} - -Authors submitting \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ papers to Monthly Notices -may wish to note the following points regarding journal style. -Adherence to correct style from the start will obviously save time -and effort later on, in terms of fewer requested subeditorial -corrections. The notes given here relate to common style errors found -in Monthly Notices manuscripts, and are {\it not\/} intended to be -exhaustive. Please see the editorials in issues 257/2 and 260/1, as -well as any recent issue of the journal, for more details. As far -as possible, the subeditor will indicate which of your changes -would be best done globally, thus saving you time. - -\subsection{Punctuation} - -When deciding where to add commas, it may be helpful to read - through the sentence and note where the natural `pauses' occur. -The needs of readers for whom English is not a first language -should be borne in mind when punctuating long sentences. -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else \vadjust{\eject}\fi %% -For example, consider the following sentence as it -appeared in Monthly Notices: -`When we do not limit ourselves by constraints arising -from the choice of an initial fluctuation spectrum, structures in -an open universe, including the peculiar velocity structure, can -be reproduced in a flat Lema\^{\i}tre universe for a large part of -their evolution.' Now consider the same sentence without commas: -`When we do not limit ourselves by constraints arising -from the choice of an initial fluctuation spectrum structures in -an open universe including the peculiar velocity structure can be -reproduced in a flat Lema\^{\i}tre universe for a large part of their -evolution.' - - -\subsection{Spelling} - -Please use British spelling -- e.g.\ centre not center, labelled -not labeled. The following style regarding -ise and -ize spellings is -followed. -ise: devise, surprise, comprise, revise, -exercise, analyse. -ize: recognize, criticize, minimize, emphasize, organize. - - -\subsection{Titles and section/subsection headings} - -With the exception of section headings (e.g.\ -{\bf INTRO\-DUC\-TION}$\ldots$), -capital letters should be used only where they occur in a normal -sentence -- e.g.\ -`\textbfit{ROSAT\/} {\bf observations of the unusual star}$\ldots$', not -`\textbfit{ROSAT\/} {\bf Observations of the Unusual Star}$\ldots$'. - -\subsection{Key words} - -The list of Monthly Notices key words is published with the 4th -issue of each volume. No other key words should be used. Please -use the correct layout for key words: -\smallskip - -\noindent {\bf Key words:} galaxies: active -- galaxies: Seyfert -- -radio continuum: galaxies. - -\subsection{Hyphens and N-rules} - -\beginlist -\item (i) Hyphens (one dash in \TeX/\LaTeX). Monthly Notices uses hyphens -for compound adjectives (e.g.\ low-density gas, least-squares fit, -two-component model). This also applies to simple units (e.g.\ -1.5-m telescope, 284.5-nm line), but not to complex units or -ranges, which could become cumbersome (e.g.\ 15 km s$^{-1}$ feature, -100--200 $\umu$m observations). - -\item (ii) N-rules (two dashes in \TeX/\LaTeX). These are used (a) to -separate key words, (b) as parentheses (e.g.\ `the results -- -assuming no temperature gradient -- are indicative of$\ldots$), (c) to -denote a range (e.g.\ 1.6--2.2 $\umu$m), and (d) to denote the joining -of two words (e.g.\ Kolmogorov--Smirnov test, Herbig--Haro -object). - -\item (iii) The M-rule (three dashes in \TeX/\LaTeX) is not used in -Monthly Notices. -\endlist - - -\subsection{References} - -It is important to use the correct reference style, details of -which can be found in the editorials cited above, and which is -demonstrated in any recent issue of the journal. The main points -are summarized below. -% -\beginlist -\item (i) In text -- for three-author papers, give all three authors -at first mention, and `et al.' thereafter. - -\item (ii) In references list -- no bold or italic, no commas after -author surnames, and no ampersand between final two author names. -Use simplified abbreviations for frequently used journals (e.g.\ -MNRAS, ApJ, A\&A, PASP -- see full list in editorial in issue -260/1). List all authors if eight or less, otherwise `et al.' For -example, -\endlist - -\beginrefs -\bibitem Biggs J.D., Lyne A.G., 1992, MNRAS, 254, 257 - -\bibitem Brown A.B., Jones C.D., 1989, in Robinson E.F., -Smith G.H., eds, Proc. IAU Symp. 345, Black Dwarfs. Kluwer, Dordrecht, -p.~210 - -\bibitem Felsteiner J., Opher R., 1991, in Treves A., ed., -Iron Line Diagnostics in X-ray Sources. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p.~209 - -\bibitem Gunn J.E., Knapp G., 1993, in Soifer B.T., ed., ASP -Conf.\ Ser.\ Vol.~43, Sky Surveys. Astron.\ Soc.\ Pac., San Francisco, -p.~267 - -\bibitem Peebles P.J.E., 1980, The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ - -\bibitem Pounds K.A. et al., 1993, MNRAS, 260, 77 - -\bibitem Williams B.G., 1992, PhD thesis, Univ.\ Edinburgh -\endrefs - - -\subsection{Maths} - -Scalar variables are italic; vectors are bold italic; matrices -are `bold Univers' font (like bold sans serif). Differential d, -complex i, exponential e, sin, cos, tan, log, etc., are roman. -Sub/superscripts that are physical variables are italic, while -those that are just labels are roman (e.g.\ $C_p$, but $T_{{\rm eff}}$). -Equations should be punctuated as part of the sentence. - - -\subsection{Miscellaneous} - -e.g., i.e., cf., etc., are roman. -Single quotes ` ' not double quotes `` ". -Take care to use correct units -- see recent \hbox{issues} for details. -Use superscript $-1$, not solidus /, for units -- e.g.\ km~s$^{-1}$ not -km/s. The unit of arcseconds is arcsec when used to denote angular -size or separation (e.g.\ `beamsize 12~arcsec', `30~arcsec -west of the star'); use \arcsec\ for positions (e.g.\ -Dec.~$-30^\circ$~29\arcmin~23\arcsec) (similarly for arcminutes). -The unit of magnitudes is mag, -not superscript m. Percentages should be written `per cent', not -\%. Use the degree symbol $^\circ$ (|$^\circ$|) except to denote, e.g., areas, where -`deg$^2$' may be more appropriate (e.g.\ `a survey area of 3~deg$^2$'). -Degree symbols should be positioned above the decimal point if -there is one -- i.e.\ 23\fdg 4 not 23.4$^\circ$ (similarly for -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \vadjust{\eject}\else\fi %% -superscript -h, m, s, and \arcmin, \arcsec\ symbols in coordinates). See guide for coding. -Ionized species should be denoted by small caps, with a thin -space -- e.g.\ \hbox{He\,{\sc ii}}, \hbox{C\,{\sc iv}}, -\hbox{[Fe\,{\sc ii}]} 465.8 nm, \hbox{N\,{\sc iii}} 463.4~nm. If -lack of the correct font at your site prevents this from coming -out on your printout, it would be helpful if you were to indicate -as such on your manuscript so that the subeditor knows that there -is no need for correction. -Computer software (e.g.\ {\sc figaro}) should be in small capitals. -Satellite names should be italic (e.g.\ {\it Ginga, IRAS\/}). -The correct bracket order is $\{[( )]\}$. - - -\section{Trouble-shooting} - -Authors may from time to time encounter problems with the preparation -of their papers in \TeX/\LaTeX. The appropriate action to -take will depend on the nature of the problem -- the following is -intended to act as a guide. -% -\beginlist -\item (i) If a problem is with \TeX/\LaTeX\ itself, rather than with the -actual macros, \ifCUPmtplainloaded \else \vadjust{\eject}\fi %% -please refer to the appropriate handbooks for -initial advice.\footnote{\dag}{\TeX : Knuth D., 1986, The \TeX book. -Addison Wesley; \LaTeX: Lamport L., 1985, \LaTeX\ User's Guide and -Reference Manual. Addison Wesley.} If the -solution cannot be found, and you suspect that the problem lies -with the macros, then please contact the RAS Journal Production -team at Blackwell Science (BS), 23 Ainslie -Place, Edinburgh EH3 6AJ, UK (Tel: 031 226 7232; Fax: 031 226 3803; -omit the first zero if calling from outside the UK). -The BS office will shortly be -accessible by email -- please see the Instructions for Authors on -the inside back cover of Monthly Notices for details. Please -provide precise details of the problem (what you were trying to -do -- ideally, include examples of source code as well -- and -what exactly happened; what error message was received). - -\item (ii) Problems with page make-up, particularly in the two-column -mode (e.g.\ large spaces between paragraphs, or under headings or -figures; uneven columns; figures/tables appearing out of order). -Please do {\it not\/} attempt to remedy these yourself using `hard' page -make-up commands -- the typesetters at Cambridge University Press -(CUP) will sort out problems when typesetting. (You may, if you -wish, draw attention to particular problems when submitting the -final version of your paper.) - -\item (iii) If a required font is not available at your site, allow \TeX\ -to substitute the font and report the problem on your disk -documentation form. -\endlist - - -\subsection{Fixes for coding problems} - -The new versions of the style files and macros have been designed -to minimize the need for user-defined macros to create special -symbols. Authors are urged, wherever possible, to use the following -coding rather than create their own. This will minimize the -danger of author-defined macros being accidentally `over-ridden' -when the paper is typeset in Monotype Times (see Subsection~3.13, %% -`Typesetting mathematics'). -% -\beginlist -\item (i) Fonts in sections and paper titles. The following are examples -of styles that sometimes prove difficult to code. -\endlist - - -\subsection*{\it P\lowercase{aper titles}} - -\boxit{\multi\seventeenpoint\bf - A survey of \textbfit{IRAS\/} galaxies\\ - at $\bmath{\delta > {\bf 50}^\circ}$\endmulti} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\title{A survey of \textbfit{IRAS\/} galaxies| -| \hfil\break at $\bmath{\delta>{\bf 50}^\circ}$}| -\smallskip -|\shorttitle{A survey of IRAS galaxies at $\delta| -| > 50^\circ$}| -\endlines -\bigskip - -\boxit{\multi\seventeenpoint\bf\noindent - Observations of compact\\ - H\,{\elevenbf II} regions\endmulti} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\title{Observations of compact| -| H\,{\elevenbf II} regions}| -\smallskip -|\shorttitle{Observations of compact| -| H\,{\eightit II} regions}| -\endlines - - -\subsection*{\it S\lowercase{ection headings}} - -\boxit{\bf 1\quad THE \textbfit{IRAS\/} DATA FOR - $\bmath{\delta > {\bf 50}^\circ}$} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\section{The \textbfit{IRAS\/} data for| -| $\bmath{\delta>{\bf 50}^\circ}$}| -\endlines -\bigskip - -\boxit{\bf 2\quad H\,{\sevenbf II} GALAXIES AT - $\bmath{\lowercase{z} > {\bf 1.6}}$} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\section{H\,{\sevenbf II} galaxies at| -| $\bmath{\lowercase{z}>{\bf 1.6}}$}| -\endlines - - -\subsection*{\it S\lowercase{ubsection headings}} - -\boxit{\multi\bf 2.1\quad The \textbfit{IRAS\/} data for - $\bmath{\delta > {\bf 50}^\circ}$: galaxies\\ - at $\bmath{z > {\bf 1.5}}$\endmulti} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\subsection{The \textbfit{IRAS\/} data for| -| $\bmath{\delta > {\bf 50}^\circ}$: galaxies| -| \hfil\break at $\bmath{z > {\bf 1.5}}$}| -\endlines -\bigskip - -\boxit{\bf 2.2\quad Observations of compact H\,{\sevenbf II} regions} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\subsection{Observations of compact| -| H\,{\sevenbf II} regions}| -\endlines -\bigskip - -\boxit{\it 2.2.1\quad A survey of radio galaxies - for $\delta > {\it 50}^\circ$} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\subsubsection{A survey of radio galaxies| -| for $\delta > {\it 50}^\circ$}| -\endlines -\bigskip - -\boxit{\it 2.2.2\quad Determination of T$_{eff}$ in compact - H\,{\sevenit II} regions} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\subsubsection{Determination of T$_{eff}$ in| -| compact H\,{\sevenit II} regions}| -\endlines - -\beginlist -\item (ii) Small capitals and other unusual fonts in table and figure -captions: -\par\smallskip -\boxit{\eightpoint {\bf Figure 1.} Profiles of the H$\alpha$ and - N\,{\sc iii} lines observed.} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\caption{Profiles of the H$\alpha$ and| -| N\,{\sc iii} lines observed.}| -\endlines - -\item (iii) Multiple author lists (to get the correct vertical spacing -and wraparound on the title page of a multiple-author paper). -\par\smallskip - -\boxit{\multi - \seventeenpoint\bf\noindent - The variation in the\\ - strength of low-$\bmath{l}$ solar\\ - $\bmath{p}$-modes: 1981--2 - \medskip - \fourteenpoint\noindent - Y. Elsworth, R. Howe, G.R. Isaac,\\ - C.P. McLeod, B.A. Miller, R. New,\\ - C.C. Speake and S.J. Wheeler\endmulti -} -% -is produced by: -% -\beginlines -|\title{The variation in the\hfil\break| -| strength of low-$\bmath{l}$ solar\hfil\break| -| $\bmath{p}$-modes: 1981--2}| -\smallskip -|\shorttitle{The variation in the strength of| -| low-$l$ solar $p$-modes: 1981--2}| -\smallskip -|\author{Y. Elsworth, R. Howe, G.R. Isaac,| -| \hfil\break C.P. McLeod, B.A. Miller, R. New,| -| \hfil\break C.C. Speake and S.J. Wheeler}| -\smallskip -|\shortauthor{Y. Elsworth et al.}| -\endlines - -\item (iv) Ionized species (as used in the examples above). The correct -style calls for the use of small capitals and a thin space after -the symbol for the element: e.g.\ for \hbox{H\,{\sc ii}}, use the code -|\hbox{H\,{\sc ii}}|. The use of the |\hbox| will stop the -H and the {\sc ii} being separated. - -\item (v) Lower case greek pi ($\pi$), mu ($\mu$) and partial ($\partial$). -In certain circumstances, the Monthly Notices style calls for these to be -roman [when pi is used to denote the constant 3.1415$\ldots$, mu is -used to denote `micro' in a unit (e.g.\ $\umu$m, $\umu$Jy), and partial -is a differential symbol]. See Subsubsection~3.13.5 for instructions. - -\item (vi) Decimal degrees, arcmin, arcsec, hours, minutes and seconds. -The symbol needs to be placed vertically above the decimal point. -For example, the sentence -% -\beginquote -The observations were made along position angle -120\fdg 5, starting from the central coordinates -${\rm RA}(1950)=19^{\rm h}~22^{\rm m}~18\fs 2$, -${\rm Dec.}~(1950)=45^\circ~18'~36\farcs 4$ -\endquote -% -uses the following coding: -% -\beginlines -|The observations were made along position angle| -|120\fdg 5, starting from the central coordinates| -|${\rm RA}(1950)=19^{\rm h}~22^{\rm m}~18\fs 2$,| -|${\rm Dec.}~(1950)=45^\circ~18'~36\farcs 4$| -\endlines - -\item (vii) The correct coding for the prime symbol \arcmin\ is -|\arcmin|, and that for \arcsec\ is |\arcsec|; see the two -tables on special symbols. - -\item (viii) N-rules, hyphens and minus signs (see style guide for -correct usage). To create the correct symbols in the sentence -% -\beginquote -The high-resolution observations were made along a -line at an angle of $-15^\circ$ (east from north) -from the axis of the jet, which runs north--south -\endquote -% -you would use the following code: -% -\beginlines -|The high-resolution observations were made along| -|a line at an angle of $-15^\circ$ (east from| -|north) from the axis of the jet, which runs| -|north--south| -\endlines - -\item (ix) Vectors and matrices should be bold italic and bold sans -serif respectively. To create the correct fonts for the vector $\bmath{x}$ -and the matrix \textbfss{P}, you should use |$\bmath{x}$| and -|\textbfss{P}| respectively; |\mathbfss| is for use in -math mode. Bold face text italic can be obtained by using -|\textbfit{..}| and |\mathbfit{..}| for math mode. -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else \vfil\eject\fi %% -\item (x) Bold italic superscripts and subscripts. To get these -to come out in the correct font and the right size, you need to use -|\bmath|. You can create the output $\bmath{k_x}$ by typing |$\bmath{k_x}$|. -Try to avoid using \TeX\ commands to determine script sizes that are -already defined in the macros. For example, macros such as -% -\beginlines -|\def\th{^\hbox{\sevenrm th}}| -\endlines -% -are generating extra work; -% -\beginlines -|\def\th{^{\rm th}}| -\endlines -% -will do, and will get the size of the superscript right whether in main -text, tables or captions (the use of |\sevenrm| over-rides the macros). -Also, the |\hbox| is not necessary, as \TeX\ won't split a -superscript/subscript from its variable at a line break. - -\item (xi) Calligraphic letters (uppercase only). -% -Normal uppercase calligraphic can be produced with |\cal| as -normal (in math mode). Bold calligraphic can be produced with |\bmath|, -e.g.\ |$\bmath{\cal A}$| gives $\bmath{\cal A}$. - -\item (xii) Automatic scaling of brackets. The codes |\left| and -|\right| should be used to scale brackets automatically to -fit the equation being set. For example, to get -$$ - v = x \left( {N+2}\over {N} \right) -$$ -use the code -% -\beginlines -|$$| -| v = x \left( {N+2}\over {N} \right)| -|$$| -\endlines - -\item (xiii) Roman font in equations. It is often necessary to make some -symbols roman in an equation (e.g.\ units, subscripts). For example, -to get the following output: -$$ - \sigma \simeq (r/13~h^{-1}~{\rm Mpc})^{-0.9}, - \qquad \omega = {{N-N_{\rm s}}\over {N_{\rm R}}}, -$$ -you should use: -% -\beginlines -|$$| -| \sigma\simeq (r/13~h^{-1}~{\rm Mpc})^{-0.9},| -| \qquad\omega={{N-N_{\rm s}}\over {N_{\rm R}}},| -|$$| -\endlines - -\item (xiv) Continuation figure and table captions. -See Subsection~3.6. %% -\endlist - - -\subsection{Springer-Verlag macro names} - -These have been incorporated from the Astronomy \& Astrophysics \LaTeX\ -style file, to aid in the creation of various commonly used -astronomical symbols. Please see Subsubsection~3.13.6 for details. %% - -\bye - -% end of mnguide.tex diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnland.dvi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnland.dvi Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7214403ace3..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnland.dvi +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnland.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnland.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 968077488f8..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnland.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -% MNLAND.TEX -% -% A landscape figure for the sample plain TeX Monthly Notices article. -% -% v1.1 --- released 25th August 1994 (M. Reed) -% v1.0 --- first released 17th February 1994 -% -% Copyright Cambridge University Press - -% The following line automatically loads the mn macros if you are not -% using a format file. -\ifx\mnmacrosloaded\undefined \input mn\fi - -% If your system has the AMS fonts version 2.0 installed, MN.tex can be -% made to use them by uncommenting the line: %\AMStwofontstrue -% -% By doing this, you will be able to obtain upright Greek characters. -% e.g. \umu, \upi etc. See the section on "Upright Greek characters" in -% this guide for further information. - -% !! AMS fonts are not used in this file. The following code is provided -% for your convenience !! -\newif\ifAMStwofonts -%\AMStwofontstrue - -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfit} {cmbxti10} {} - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfss} {cmssbx10} {} - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfit} {cmbxti10} {} % for math mode - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfss} {cmssbx10} {} % " " " - % - \ifAMStwofonts - % - \NewSymbolFont{upmath} {eurm10} - \NewSymbolFont{AMSa} {msam10} - \NewMathSymbol{\upi} {0}{upmath}{19} - \NewMathSymbol{\umu} {0}{upmath}{16} - \NewMathSymbol{\upartial}{0}{upmath}{40} - \NewMathSymbol{\leqslant}{3}{AMSa}{36} - \NewMathSymbol{\geqslant}{3}{AMSa}{3E} - \let\oldle=\le \let\oldleq=\leq - \let\oldge=\ge \let\oldgeq=\geq - \let\leq=\leqslant \let\le=\leqslant - \let\geq=\geqslant \let\ge=\geqslant - \else - \def\umu{\mu} - \def\upi{\pi} - \def\upartial{\partial} - \fi -\fi - - -%\special{landscape} % only use this if your driver supports it - -% Marginal adjustments using \pageoffset maybe required when printing -% proofs on a Laserprinter (this is usually not needed). -% Syntax: \pageoffset{ +/- hor. offset}{ +/- vert. offset} -% e.g. \pageoffset{-3pc}{-4pc} - -\pageoffset{0pc}{-1.5pc} - -\landscape -\authorcomment{Landscape material to be pasted into the article.} - -\begintopmatter % these must be here -\maketitle % - - -\beginfigure{1} -\caption{{\bf Figure 4.} Photometric comparisons in the overlap areas - between the fields. The differences between photometry of individual images - from different fields for the overlapping fields 52--51, 50--51, 50--28 and - 30--29 are shown for the $B_{\rm J}$ and $R$ wavebands. The axes are as - follows. Left-hand panels: $\Delta B$ ($-1$ to 1) against - $\langle B \rangle$ (13 to 21). Right-hand panels: $\Delta R$ ($-1$ to 1) - against $\langle R \rangle$ (12 to 20).} -\endfigure - - -\bye - -% end of mnland.tex diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnsample.dvi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnsample.dvi Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 757e63a9e2d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnsample.dvi +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnsample.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnsample.tex deleted file mode 100644 index b19ea01c605..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/mnsample.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,705 +0,0 @@ -% MNSAMPLE.TEX -% -% A sample plain TeX single/two column Monthly Notices article. -% -% v1.5 --- released 25th August 1994 (M. Reed) -% v1.4 --- released 22nd February 1994 -% v1.3 --- released 8th December 1992 -% -% Copyright Cambridge University Press - -% The following line automatically loads the mn macros if you are not -% using a format file. -\ifx\mnmacrosloaded\undefined \input mn\fi - -% If your system has the AMS fonts version 2.0 installed, MN.tex can be -% made to use them by uncommenting the line: %\AMStwofontstrue -% -% By doing this, you will be able to obtain upright Greek characters. -% e.g. \umu, \upi etc. See the section on "Upright Greek characters" in -% this guide for further information. - -\newif\ifAMStwofonts -%\AMStwofontstrue - -\ifCUPmtplainloaded \else - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfit} {cmbxti10} {} - \NewTextAlphabet{textbfss} {cmssbx10} {} - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfit} {cmbxti10} {} % for math mode - \NewMathAlphabet{mathbfss} {cmssbx10} {} % " " " - % - \ifAMStwofonts - % - \NewSymbolFont{upmath} {eurm10} - \NewSymbolFont{AMSa} {msam10} - \NewMathSymbol{\upi} {0}{upmath}{19} - \NewMathSymbol{\umu} {0}{upmath}{16} - \NewMathSymbol{\upartial}{0}{upmath}{40} - \NewMathSymbol{\leqslant}{3}{AMSa}{36} - \NewMathSymbol{\geqslant}{3}{AMSa}{3E} - \let\oldle=\le \let\oldleq=\leq - \let\oldge=\ge \let\oldgeq=\geq - \let\leq=\leqslant \let\le=\leqslant - \let\geq=\geqslant \let\ge=\geqslant - \else - \def\umu{\mu} - \def\upi{\pi} - \def\upartial{\partial} - \fi -\fi - - -% Marginal adjustments using \pageoffset maybe required when printing -% proofs on a Laserprinter (this is usually not needed). -% Syntax: \pageoffset{ +/- hor. offset}{ +/- vert. offset} -% e.g. \pageoffset{-3pc}{-4pc} - -\pageoffset{-2.5pc}{0pc} - -\loadboldmathnames - -% \Referee % uncomment this for referee mode (double spaced) - -% \pagerange, \pubyear and \volume are defined at the Journals office and -% not by an author. - -% \onecolumn % enable one column mode -% \letters % for `letters' articles -\pagerange{1--7} % `letters' articles should use \pagerange{Ln--Ln} -\pubyear{1989} -\volume{226} -% \microfiche{} % for articles with microfiche -% \authorcomment{} % author comment for footline - -\begintopmatter % start the two spanning material - -\title{Dust envelopes around RV Tauri stars} -\author{A. V. Raveendran} -\affiliation{Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 560034, India} - -\shortauthor{A. V. Raveendran} -\shorttitle{Dust envelopes around RV Tauri stars} - -% \acceptedline is to be defined at the Journals office and not -% by an author. - -\acceptedline{Accepted 1988 December 15. Received 1988 December 14; - in original form 1988 October 11} - -\abstract {In the {\it IRAS\/} [12]--[25], [25]--[60] -colour--colour diagram, RV Tauri stars are found to populate -cooler temperature regions $(T<600\,{\rm K})$, distinctly -different from those occupied by the oxygen and carbon Miras. -The {\it IRAS\/} fluxes are consistent with the dust density in -the envelope varying as the inverse square of the radial -distance, implying that the grain formation processes in these -objects are most probably continuous and not sporadic. It is -found that the spectroscopic subgroups A and B are -well separated in the far-infrared two-colour diagram, with -group B objects having systematically cooler dust envelopes. We -interpret this as being due to a difference in the nature of -grains, including the chemical composition, in the two cases.} - -\keywords {circumstellar matter -- infrared: stars.} - -\maketitle % finish the two spanning material - - -\section{Introduction} - -It has been well established that RV Tauri variables -possess infrared emission far in excess of their expected -blackbody continuum, arising from their extended cool dust -envelopes (Gehrz \& Woolf 1970; Gehrz 1972; Gehrz \& Ney 1972). -Recently, Lloyd Evans (1985) and Goldsmith et~al.\ (1987) -have given detailed descriptions of the near-infrared -properties of RV Tauri stars. In this paper we present an -analysis of the {\it IRAS\/} data of RV Tauri stars with the help -of the far-infrared two-colour diagram and a grid computed -using a simple model of the dust envelope. Such two-colour plots -have already been employed extensively by several investigators -to study the circumstellar envelopes around oxygen-rich and -carbon-rich objects which are in the late stages of stellar -evolution (Hacking et~al.\ 1985; Zuckerman \& Dyck 1986; -van der Veen \& Habing 1988; Willems \& de Jong 1988). - -Table~1 summarizes the basic data on the 17 objects -detected at 60$\,\umu$m. Apart from the {\it IRAS\/} identification -and the flux densities at 12-, 25-, 60- and 100-$\umu$m wavebands, -it gives the spectroscopic groups of Preston et~al.\ (1963), -the light-curve classes of Kukarkin et~al.\ (1969) and the periods of -light variation. The list, which -contains about 20 per cent of all the known RV Tauri stars, -is essentially the same as that given by Jura (1986). The -spectroscopic subgroups are from either Preston et~al.\ (1963) or -Lloyd Evans (1985). -% -\begintable*{1} -\caption{{\bf Table 1.} Data on the RV Tauri stars detected by {\it IRAS}.} -\halign{% -\rm#\hfil&\qquad\rm#\hfil&\qquad\rm\hfil#&\qquad\rm\hfil -#&\qquad\rm\hfil#&\qquad\rm\hfil#&\qquad\rm#\hfil -&\qquad\rm\hfil#&\qquad\rm#\hfil&\qquad\hfil\rm#\cr -Name&&\multispan4\hskip23pt\hss Flux density (Jy)$^a$\hss \cr -Variable&{\it IRAS}&12$\;\umu$m&25$\;\umu$m -&60$\;\umu$m&100$\;\umu$m&Sp.&Period&Light-&$T_0({\rm K})$\cr -&&&&&&group&(d)\hfill&curve\cr -&&&&&&&&type\cr -\noalign{\vskip 10pt} -TW Cam&04166$+$5719&8.27&5.62&1.82&$<$1.73&A&85.6&a&555\cr -RV Tau&04440$+$2605&22.53&18.08&6.40&2.52&A&78.9&b&460\cr -DY Ori&06034$+$1354&12.44&14.93&4.12&$<$11.22&B&60.3&&295\cr -CT Ori&06072$+$0953&6.16&5.57&1.22&$<$1.54&B&135.6&&330\cr -SU Gem&06108$+$2734&7.90&5.69&2.16&$<$11.66&A&50.1&b&575\cr -UY CMa&06160$-$1701&3.51&2.48&0.57&$<$1.00&B&113.9&a&420\cr -U Mon&07284$-$0940&124.30&88.43&26.28&9.24&A&92.3&b&480\cr -AR Pup&08011$-$3627&131.33&94.32&25.81&11.65&B&75.0&b&450\cr -IW Car&09256$-$6324&101/06&96.24&34.19&13.07&B&67.5&b&395\cr -GK Car&11118$-$5726&2.87&2.48&0.78&$<$12.13&B&55.6&&405\cr -RU Cen&12067$-$4508&5.36&11.02&5.57&2.01&B&64.7&&255\cr -SX Cen&12185$-$4856&5.95&3.62&1.09&$<$1.50&B&32.9&b&590\cr -AI Sco&17530$-$3348&17.68&11.46&2.88&$<$45.62&A&71.0&b&480\cr -AC Her&18281$+$2149&41.47&65.33&21.12&7.79&B&75.5&a&260\cr -R Sct&18448$-$0545&20.88&9.30&8.10&$<$138.78&A&140.2&a\cr -R Sge&20117$+$1634&10.63&7.57&2.10&$<$1.66&A&70.6&b&455\cr -V Vul&20343$+$2625&12.39&5.72&1.29&$<$6.96&A&75.7&a&690\cr -} -\tabletext{\noindent $^a$Observed by {\it IRAS}.} -\endtable - - -\section{Description of the envelope model} - -If we assume that the dust grains in the envelope are -predominantly of the same kind and are in thermal equilibrium, -the luminosity at frequency $\nu$ in the infrared is given by -$$ - L(\nu)=\mskip-25mu\int\limits_{\rm envelope}\mskip-25mu - \rho(r)Q_{{\rm abs}} - (\nu)B[\nu,T_{\rm g}(r)]\exp [-\tau(\nu,r)]\> {\rm d}V, \eqno\stepeq -$$ -where -$Q_{{\rm abs}}(\nu)$ is the absorption efficiency at frequency $\nu$, -$\rho(r)$ is the dust grain density, -$T_{\rm g}(r)$ is the grain temperature, -$B[\nu,T_{\rm g}(r)]$ is the Planck function and -$\tau(\nu,r)$ is the optical depth at distance {\it r\/} from the -centre of the star. - -The temperature $T_{\rm g}(r)$ is determined by the condition of -energy balance: amount of energy radiated = amount of energy -absorbed. The amount of energy absorbed at any point is -proportional to the total available energy at that point, which -consists of: -\beginlist -\item (i) the attenuated and diluted stellar radiation; -\item (ii) scattered radiation, and -\item (iii) reradiation from other grains. -\endlist - -Detailed solutions of radiative transfer in circumstellar -dust shells by Rowan-Robinson \& Harris (1983a,b) indicate that -the effect of heating by other grains becomes significant only at -large optical depths at the absorbing frequencies $[\tau({\rm -UV})\gg 10]$, and at optical depths $\tau({\rm UV})<1$ the grains -have approximately the same temperature that they would have if -they were seeing the starlight unattenuated and no other -radiation. - -The Planck mean optical depths of circumstellar envelopes -around several RV Tauri stars, derived from the ratios of the -luminosities of the dust shell (at infrared wavelengths) and -the star, range from 0.07 to 0.63 (Goldsmith et~al.\ 1987). -There is much uncertainty in the nature of the optical -properties of dust grains in the envelope. The carbon-rich RV -Tauri stars are also reported to show the 10-$\umu$m silicate -emission feature typical of oxygen-rich objects (Gehrz \& Ney -1972; Olnon \& Raimond 1986). The pure terrestrial silicates or -lunar silicates are found to be completely unsuitable to account -for the infrared emission from circumstellar dust shells around -M-type stars (Rowan-Robinson \& Harris 1983a). We assume that -the absorption efficiency $Q_{{\rm abs}} (\nu)$ in the infrared -varies as $\nu^{\gamma}$. ${\gamma}=1$ appears to provide a -reasonable fit in a variety of sources (Harvey, Thronson \& -Gatley 1979; Jura 1986). Under these circumstances the -condition of energy balance implies that the dust temperature -$T_{\rm g}$ will vary as $r^{\beta}$. - -In view of the low value of the observed Planck mean optical -depth for the stellar radiation and the nature of the assumed -frequency dependence of the absorption efficiency, the -extinction of the infrared radiation by the dust envelope can -be neglected. If we consider the envelope to be spherically -symmetric, equation (1) reduces to -$$ - L(\nu)=\!\!\int_{r_{1}}^{r_{2}}\!\!4\upi r^2\rho(r)\> Q_{{\rm abs}} - (\nu)B[\nu,T_{\rm g}(r)]\> {\rm d}r, \eqno\stepeq -$$ -where $r_1$ and $r_2$ are the inner and outer radii of the -shell. For a dusty density distribution $\rho(r)\propto -r^{\alpha}$ and $r_2\gg r_1$, equation (2) reduces to -$$ - L(\nu)\propto \nu^{2+\gamma-Q} - \int_{X_0}^{\infty}{{x^Q}\over{{\rm e}^x-1}}{\rm d}x, \eqno\stepeq -$$ -where $Q=-(\alpha+\beta+3)/\beta$ and $X_0=(h\nu /kT_0)$. -$T_0$ represents the temperature at the inner boundary of the -dust shell where grains start condensing. In a steady radiation -pressure driven mass outflow in the optically thin case, values of -$\alpha$ lie near $-2$ (Gilman 1972). $\gamma$ and $\beta$ are -related by $\beta=-2/(\gamma+4)$. - -In the {\it IRAS\/} Point Source Catalog (PSC, Beichman et~al.\ 1985a), -the flux densities have been quoted at the effective -wavelengths 12, 25, 60 and 100$\,\umu$m, assuming a flat energy -spectrum $[\nu F(\nu)=1]$ for the observed sources. For each model -given by equation (3), using the relative system response, the -colour-correction factors (Beichman et~al.\ 1985b) in each -of the {\it IRAS\/} passbands were calculated and the fluxes -were converted into flux densities expected for a flat energy -distribution, as assumed in the {\it IRAS\/} PSC, so that the -computed colours can be directly compared with the colours -determined from the catalogue quantities. Such a procedure -is more appropriate than correcting the {\it IRAS\/} -colours for the energy distribution given by a particular model -and then comparing them with those computed by the model. - - -\subsection{Colour--colour diagram} - -The IR colour is defined as -$$ - [\nu_1]-[\nu_2]=-2.5\log [f(\nu_1)/f(\nu_2)], -$$ -where $\nu_1$ and $\nu_2$ are any two wavebands and -$f(\nu_1)$ and $f(\nu_2)$ are the corresponding flux densities -assuming a flat energy spectrum for the source. -% -\beginfigure{1} -\vskip 91mm -\caption{{\bf Figure 1.} Plot of [25]--[60] colours of -RV Tauri stars against their [12]--[25] colours after normalizing -as indicated in Beichman et~al.\ (1985b). Some of the objects -are identified by their variable-star names. Typical error bars -are shown in the bottom right-hand corner. The lines represent -the loci for constant inner shell temperature and the quantity -$Q$. Note the separation of group A and B stars at $T_0 \sim$ -460$\,$K. Positions occupied by a sample of carbon and oxygen -Miras are also shown. The $Q=1.0$ line differs from the -blackbody line by a maximum of $\sim 0.05$.} -\endfigure - -In Fig.~1, we have plotted the [25]--[60] colours of -RV Tauri stars against their corresponding [12]--[25] colours -derived from the {\it IRAS\/} data. Filled circles represent -stars of group A and open circles stars of group B. The two -sets of near-parallel lines represent the loci of constant -inner shell temperature $T_0$ and the quantity $Q$ defined -above. The models correspond to the case of absorption -efficiency $Q_{{\rm abs}}(\nu)$ varying as $\nu$ (with -$\gamma=1$ and hence $\beta=-0.4$). We have omitted R Sct in -Fig.~1 because it shows a large deviation from the average -relation shown by all the other objects. R Sct has a -comparatively large excess at 60$\,\umu$m, but the extent of a -possible contamination by the infrared cirrus (Low et~al.\ 1984) -is unknown. Goldsmith et~al.\ (1987) found no -evidence of the presence of a dust envelope at near-IR -wavelengths and the spectrum was consistent with a stellar -continuum. This explains why R Sct lies well below the mean -relation shown by stars of groups A and C between the -[3.6]--[11.3] colour excess and the photometrically determined -(Fe/H) (Dawson 1979). R Sct has the longest period of 140$\,$d -among the RV Tauri stars detected at far-infrared wavelengths -and does not have the 10-$\umu$m emission feature seen in other -objects (Gehrz 1972; Olnon \& Raimond 1986). R Sct is probably -the most irregular RV Tauri star known (McLaughlin 1932). - -The inner shell temperatures $(T_0)$ derived for the various -objects are also given in Table~1 and we find the majority of -them to have temperatures in the narrow range 400--600$\,$K. If -the dependences of $Q_{{\rm abs}}(\nu)$ on $\nu$ and $\rho(r)$ on -$r$ are similar in all the objects considered, then in the -colour--colour diagram they all should lie along a line -corresponding to different values of $T_0$ and in Fig.~1 we find -that this is essentially the case. In view of the quoted -uncertainties in the flux measurements, we cannot attach much -significance to the scatter in Fig.~1. -% -\beginfigure*{2} -\vskip 5.9cm -\caption{{\bf Figure 2.} Plot of the [60]--[100] colours -of RV Tauri stars against their [25]--[60] colours after normalizing -as indicated in Beichman et~al.\ (1985b). The solid lines -represent the loci for constant inner shell temperature and the -quantity $Q$. The dashed line shows the locus for a blackbody -distribution.} -\endfigure - -At 100$\,\umu$m the infrared sky is characterized by emission, -called infrared cirrus, from interstellar dust on all spatial -scales (Low et~al.\ 1984), thereby impairing the -measurements at far-infrared wavelengths. In Fig.~2, we have -plotted the [60]--[100] colours of the six RV Tauri stars -detected at 100$\,\umu$m against their [25]--[60] colours, along -with the grid showing the regions of different values for inner -shell temperature $T_0$ and the quantity $Q$, as in Fig.~1. The -results indicated by Fig.~2 are consistent with those derived -from Fig.~1. AR Pup shows a large excess at 100$\,\umu$m but, in -view of the large values for the cirrus flags given in the -catalogue, the intrinsic flux at 100$\,\umu$m is uncertain. - - -\subsection{Radial distribution of dust} - -From Fig.~1, it is evident that all RV Tauri stars lie -between the lines corresponding to $Q=1.5$ and $0.5$. With -$$ - \alpha=-(1+Q)\beta-3, -$$ -these values suggest limits of $r^{-2.0}$ and $r^{-2.4}$ -for the dust density variation, indicating a near-constant -mass-loss rate. Jura (1986) has suggested that the density in -the circumstellar envelope around RV Tauri stars varies as -$r^{-1}$, implying a mass-loss rate that was greater in the -past than it is currently. By fitting a power law to the -observed fluxes, such that $f(\nu)$ varies as $\nu^q$, values -of $q$ determined by him for the various objects given in -Table~1 lie in the range 0.6--1.2, with a mean $\bar q=0.98$. The -assumption of a power law corresponds to the case of $X_0=0$ in -equation (3) and hence we get -$$ - q=2+\gamma -Q. -$$ -Since we assume that $Q_{{\rm abs}}(\nu)$ varies as $\nu$, -the resulting value for $Q$=2.0. None of the objects is found -to lie in the corresponding region in the colour--colour -diagram. Even this extreme value for $Q$ implies a density -which varies as $r^{-1.8}$. - -Goldsmith et~al.\ (1987) have reported that the -simultaneous optical and near-IR data of AC Her can be fitted -by a combination of two blackbodies at 5680 and 1800$\,$K, -representing, respectively, the stellar and dust shell -temperatures, and suggested that in RV Tauri stars the grain -formation is a sporadic phenomenon and not a continuous -process. Apparently, they have been influenced by the remark by -Gehrz \& Woolf (1970) that their data in the 3.5--11$\,\umu$m -region of AC Her indicated a dust temperature of $\sim300\,$K. We -find that the {\it K--L\/} colours given by Gehrz (1972), Lloyd -Evans (1985) and Goldsmith et~al.\ (1987) are all -consistent with each other. Surely, hot dust ($\sim 1800\,$K), if -present at the time of observations by Goldsmith et~al.\ (1987), -would have affected the {\it K--L\/} colour -significantly. AC Her, like other members of its class, is -found to execute elongated loops in the ({\it U--B\/}), ({\it -B--V\/}) plane (Preston et~al.\ 1963), indicating that -significant departure of the stellar continuum from the -blackbody is to be expected. Further, their data show only a -marginal excess at the near-IR wavelengths. We feel that the -case for the existence of hot dust around AC Her and hence for -the sporadic grain formation around RV Tauri stars is not -strong. In Fig.~3 we find that AC Her and -RU Cen lie very close to R Sct which, according to Goldsmith -et~al.\ (1987), shows no evidence for the presence of a hot -dust envelope. - - -\subsubsection{Comparison with oxygen and carbon Miras} - -In Fig.~1 we have also shown the positions of a sample of -oxygen-rich and carbon-rich Miras. At the low temperatures -characteristic of the Miras, a part of the emission at 12$\,\umu$m -comes from the photosphere. For a blackbody at 2000$\,$K, the ratio -of fluxes at wavelengths of 12 and 2$\,\umu$m $(f_{12}/f_{2})\sim -0.18$. The Miras shown in Fig.~1 have $(f_{12}/f_{2})$ -ratios larger than twice the above value. It is clear that the -three groups of objects populate three different regions of the -diagram. Hacking et~al.\ (1985) have already noticed that -there are distinct differences between the {\it IRAS\/} colours -of oxygen-rich and carbon-rich objects. On the basis of an -analysis, using a bigger sample of bright giant stars in the -{\it IRAS\/} catalogue, this has been interpreted by Zuckerman \& -Dyck (1986) as being due to a systematic difference in the dust -grain emissivity index. U Mon shows the 10-$\umu$m silicate -emission convincingly and, in most of the other objects for -which low-resolution spectra in the near-infrared have been -reported (Gehrz 1972; Olnon \& Raimond 1986), the 10-$\umu$m -emission may be partly attributed to silicates. Hence it is -reasonable to expect that, in the envelopes around at least some -of the RV Tauri stars, the dust grains are predominantly of -silicates, as in the case of oxygen Miras (Rowan-Robinson \& -Harris 1983a). The fact that none of the RV Tauri stars is -found in the region of the two-colour diagram occupied by the -oxygen Miras indicates that the emissivity indices of the -silicate grains in the two cases are different. Because of the -higher temperatures and luminosities, the environment of grain -formation will be different in RV Tauri stars. - - -\subsubsection{Correlation with subgroups} - -Preston et~al.\ (1963) have identified three spectroscopic -subgroups, which are designated as groups A, B and C. Objects of -group A are metal-rich; group C are metal-poor; group~B objects are -also metal-poor, but show carbon enhancements (Preston et~al.\ 1963; -Lloyd Evans 1974; Dawson 1979; Baird 1981). It is interesting -to see that Table~1 contains no group C objects and that in Fig.~1 -there is a clear separation of the two spectroscopic subgroups A -and B, with the demarcation occurring at an inner shell -temperature of about 450$\,$K, group~B stars having lower -temperatures than group A. SX Cen is the only exception. Lloyd -Evans (1974) has reported that metal lines are stronger in SX Cen -than in other group~B objects. It may be worth noting that SX Cen -has the shortest period among the 100 or so objects with the RV -Tauri classification. RU Cen has the coolest inner shell -temperature, as already suggested by the near-infrared spectrum -(Gehrz \& Ney 1972). -% -\beginfigure{3} -\vskip 59mm -\caption{{\bf Figure 3.} Plot of $(K$--$L)$ colours of -RV Tauri stars detected by {\it IRAS\/} against their corresponding -$(J$--$K)$ colours. The position of AR Pup is indicated. The three -objects lying close to the blackbody line are AC Her, RU Cen and R Sct.} -\endfigure - -Group~B objects follow a different mean relationship from those -of group~A, having systematically larger 11-$\umu$m excess for a -given excess at 3$\,\umu$m (Lloyd Evans 1985). For a general -sample of RV Tauri stars, the distinction between the -oxygen-rich and carbon-rich objects is not that apparent in the -{\it JHKL\/} bands. In Fig.~3 we have plotted the near-IR -magnitudes of the objects given in Table~1 (except V Vul which -has no available measurements) in the {\it J--K, K--L\/} plane. -The colours, taken from Lloyd Evans (1985) and Goldsmith -et~al.\ (1987), are averaged if more than one observation -exists, because the internal agreements are found to be often -of the order of observational uncertainties, in accordance with -the earlier finding by Gehrz (1972) that variability has -relatively little effect on colours. Barring RU Cen and AC Her, -it is evident that stars belonging to group~B show -systematically larger excesses at {\it L\/}~band for a given -excess at {\it K}. The low excesses at near-IR wavelengths for -AC Her and RU Cen are consistent with the very low dust -temperatures indicated by the far-infrared colours. -% -\ifsinglecol - \pageinsert - \vfil - \centerline{Landscape figure to go here. This figure was not - part of the original paper and is inserted here for illustrative - purposes.} - \centerline{See the author guide for details on how to handle landscape - figures or tables, and {\tt mnland.tex}.} - \centerline{{\bf Figure 4.}} - \vfil - \endinsert -\else - \beginfigure*{4} - \vbox to 646pt{\vfil - \centerline{Landscape figure to go here. This figure was not - part of the original paper and is inserted here for illustrative - purposes.} - \centerline{See the author guide for details on how to handle landscape - figures or tables, and {\tt mnland.tex}.} - \caption{{\bf Figure 4.}} - \vfil} - \endfigure -\fi - -It is already well established that from {\it UBV\/} photometry -one can distinguish between groups A and~B, members of group~A -being significantly redder than those of group~B (Preston -et~al.\ 1963). Similarly, Dawson (1979) has found that the two -spectroscopic groups are well separated in the DDO -colour--colour diagrams when mean colours are used for the -individual objects. - -The clear separation of the spectroscopic subgroups A and~B in -the IR two-colour diagram suggests that the natures of dust -grains in the envelopes in the two cases are not identical. -This is to be expected because of the differences in the -physical properties of the stars themselves. The average -colours of group~B stars are bluer than group A, but the -envelope dust temperatures of B are cooler than those of~A. The -near-IR spectra of AC Her and RU Cen are extremely similar -(Gehrz \& Ney 1972). The striking similarities in the optical -spectra of AC Her and RU Cen have been pointed out by Bidelman -(O'Connell 1961). We feel that the physical properties, -including the chemical composition, of the grains formed in -the circumstellar envelope strongly depend on those of the -embedded star. This, probably, explains the diversity of the -energy distributions of RV Tauri stars in the near-infrared -found by Gehrz \& Ney (1972). On the basis of the observed -differences in chemical abundances and space distribution of RV -Tauri stars, Lloyd Evans (1985) has already pointed out that -there is no direct evolutionary connection between group~A and -group~B objects, thus ruling out the possibility that group~B -objects are the evolutionary successors of group~A, in which -grain formation has stopped and the cooler temperatures for the -former are caused by an envelope expansion. - -Kukarkin et~al.\ (1969) have subdivided RV Tauri stars -into two classes, RVa and RVb, on the basis of their light -curves; the former shows a constant mean brightness, whereas -the latter shows a cyclically varying mean brightness. -Extensive observations in the near-infrared show that, on -average, RVb stars are redder than RVa stars, and Lloyd Evans -(1985) has suggested that in RVb stars dust shells are denser -in the inner regions and hence radiate strongly in the -1--3$\,\umu$m region. Fig.~3 confirms this; RVb objects show -systematically larger ({\it J--K\/}) and ({\it K--L\/}) colours than RVa -objects. Apparently, there is no distinction between objects of -the two light-curve types at far-infrared wavelengths (Fig.~1). - - -\section{Conclusions} - -In the [12]--[25], [25]--[60] colour diagram, RV Tauri -stars populate cooler temperature regions $(T<600\,\rm {K})$, -distinctly different from those occupied by the oxygen and -carbon Miras. Using a simple model in which -\beginlist -\item (i) the envelope is spherically symmetric, -\item (ii) the IR-emitting grains are predominantly of the same kind, and -\item (iii) in the IR the absorption efficiency $Q_{{\rm abs}} (\nu)\propto\nu$, -\endlist -we find that the {\it IRAS\/} fluxes -are consistent with the density in the envelope $\rho(r)\propto -r^{-2}$, where {\it r\/} is the radial distance. Such a -dependence for the dust density implies that the mass-loss -rates in RV Tauri stars have not reduced considerably during -the recent past, contrary to the suggestion by Jura (1986). In -the two-colour diagram, the blackbody line and the line -corresponding to $\rho(r)\propto r^{-2.2}$ nearly overlap and -the present data are insufficient to resolve between the two -cases. The latter case is more physically reasonable, however. - -The spectroscopic subgroups A and B are well separated in -the {\it IRAS\/} two-colour diagram, with group B objects having -systematically cooler dust envelopes. If we consider only the -objects detected by {\it IRAS}, we find that stars -belonging to group B show systematically larger excess at {\it -L\/}~band for a given excess at {\it K}. Apparently, there is no -correlation between the light-curve types (RVa and RVb) and the -far-infrared behaviour of these objects. It is fairly certain -that the physical properties, including the chemical -composition, of the embedded stars are directly reflected by -those of the dust grains. Most probably, the grain formation -process in RV Tauri stars is continuous and not sporadic as -suggested by Goldsmith et~al.\ (1987). - - -\section*{Acknowledgments} - -I thank Professor N. Kameswara Rao for some helpful -suggestions, Dr H. C. Bhatt for a critical reading of the -original version of the paper and an anonymous referee for -very useful comments that improved the presentation of the paper. - - -\section*{References} - -\beginrefs -\bibitem Baird S.R., 1981, ApJ, 245, 208 -\bibitem Beichman C.A., Neugebauer G., Habing H.J., Clegg P.E., - Chester T.J., 1985a, {\it IRAS\/} Point Source Catalog. Jet - Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena -\bibitem Beichman C.A., Neugebauer G., Habing H.J., Clegg P.E., - Chester T.J., 1985b, {\it IRAS\/} Explanatory Supplement. Jet - Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena -\bibitem Dawson D.W., 1979, ApJS, 41, 97 -\bibitem Gerhz R.D., 1972, ApJ, 178, 715 -\bibitem Gerhz R.D., Ney E.P., 1972, PASP, 84, 768 -\bibitem Gerhz R.D., Woolf N.J., 1970, ApJ, 161, L213 -\bibitem Gilman R.C., 1972, ApJ, 178, 423 -\bibitem Goldsmith M.J., Evans A., Albinson J.S., Bode M.F., 1987, MNRAS, - 227, 143 -\bibitem Hacking P. et al., 1985, PASP, 97, 616 -\bibitem Harvey P.M., Thronson H.A., Gatley I., 1979, ApJ, 231, 115 -\bibitem Jura M., 1986, ApJ, 309, 732 -\bibitem Kukarkin B.V. et al., 1969, General Catalogue of Variable Stars. - Moscow -\bibitem Lloyd Evans T., 1974, MNRAS, 167, 17{\sc p} -\bibitem Lloyd Evans T., 1985, MNRAS, 217, 493 -\bibitem Low F.J. et al., 1984, ApJ, 278, L19 -\bibitem McLaughlin D.B., 1932, Publ. Univ. Obs. Mich., 4, 135 -\bibitem O'Connell J.K., 1961, Specola Vaticana Ric. Astron., 6, 341 -\bibitem Olnon F.M., Raimond E., 1986, A\&AS, 65, 607 -\bibitem Preston G.W., Krzeminski W., Smak J., Williams J.A., - 1963, ApJ, 137, 401 -\bibitem Rowan-Robinson M., Harris S., 1983a, MNRAS, 202, 767 -\bibitem Rowan-Robinson M., Harris S., 1983b, MNRAS, 202, 797 -\bibitem van der Veen W.E.C.J., Habing H.J., 1988, A\&A, 194, 125 -\bibitem Willems F.J., de Jong T., 1988, A\&A, 196, 173 -\bibitem Zuckerman B., Dyck H.M., 1986, ApJ, 311, 345 -\endrefs - - -\appendix - -\section{Large gaps in {$\bf L\lowercase{y}\balpha$} forests - due to fluctuations in line distribution} - -(This appendix was not part of the original paper by A.V.~Raveendran and is -included here just for illustrative purposes.) - -Spectroscopic\looseness=1\ observations of bright quasars show that the mean number -density of ${\rm Ly}\alpha$ forest lines, which satisfy certain criteria, -evolves -like ${\rm d}N/{\rm d}z=A(1+z)^\gamma$, where $A$ and~$\gamma$ are two -constants. Given -the above intrinsic line distribution we examine the probability of finding -large gaps in the ${\rm Ly}\alpha$ forests. We concentrate here only on -the statistics and neglect all observational complications such as the line -blending effect (see Ostriker, Bajtlik \&~Duncan 1988). - -Suppose we have observed a ${\rm Ly}\alpha$ forest between redshifts $z_1$ -and~$z_2$ -and found $N-1$ lines. For high-redshift quasars $z_2$~is usually the emission -redshift $z_{\rm em}$ and $z_1$ is set to $(\lambda_{\rm Ly\beta}/\lambda_{\rm -Ly\alpha})(1+z_{\rm em})=0.844(1+z_{\rm em})$ to avoid contamination by -Ly$\beta$ lines. We want to know whether the largest gaps observed in the -forest are significantly inconsistent with the above line distribution. To do -this we introduce a new variable~$x$: -$$ - x={(1+z)^{\gamma+1}-(1+z_1)^{\gamma+1} \over - (1+z_2)^{\gamma+1}-(1+z_1)^{\gamma+1}}. \eqno\stepeq -$$ -$x$ varies from 0 to 1. We then have ${\rm d}N/{\rm d}x=\lambda$, -where $\lambda$ is the mean number of lines between $z_1$ and $z_2$ and is -given by -$$ - \lambda\equiv{A[(1+z_2)^{\gamma+1}-(1+z_1)^{\gamma+1}]\over\gamma+1}. - \eqno\stepeq -$$ -This means that the ${\rm Ly}\alpha$ forest lines are uniformly distributed -in~$x$. -The probability of finding $N-1$ lines between $z_1$ and~$z_2$, $P_{N-1}$, is -assumed to be the Poisson distribution. -% -\beginfigure{5} -\vskip 11pc -\caption{{\bf Figure A1.} $P(>x_{\rm gap})$ as a function of -$x_{\rm gap}$ for, from left to right, $N=160$, 150, 140, 110, 100, 90, 50, -45 and~40.} -\endfigure - -\subsection{Subsection title} - -We plot in Fig.~A1 $P(>x_{\rm gap})$ for several $N$ values. -We see that, for $N=100$ and $x_{\rm gap}=0.06$, $P(>0.06)\approx 20$ -per cent. This means that the -\ifsinglecol\else \vadjust{\vfill\eject}\fi -probability of finding a gap with a size -larger than six times the mean separation is not significantly small. -When the mean number of lines is large, $\lambda\sim N>>1$, our -$P(>x_{\rm gap})$ approaches the result obtained by Ostriker et~al.\ (1988) -for small (but still very large if measured in units of the mean separation) -$x_{\rm gap}$, i.e., $P(>x_{\rm gap})\sim N(1-x_{\rm gap})^{N-1}\sim N -{\rm exp}(-\lambda x_{\rm gap})$. - - -\bye - -% end of mnsample.tex diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/readme.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 167ae336a0c..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/mnras/readme.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -% readme.txt (v1.1 released 2nd September 1994) -% for Monthly Notices (plain TeX) -% -% The files for MN are as follows: -% -% README.TXT this file -% FONTTEST.TEX a file to test all of the fonts used in the MN design -% with your output device -% MN.TEX the design macros -% MNGUIDE.TEX authors' instructions -% MNSAMPLE.TEX sample pages -% MNLAND.TEX landscape page for sample pages -% -% Typeset MNGUIDE.TEX, MNSAMPLE.TEX and MNLAND.TEX for instructions -% and examples. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/mnras/mn.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/mnras/mn.tex deleted file mode 100644 index cf6b0cbedcd..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/plain/mnras/mn.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3034 +0,0 @@ -% MN.TEX (Computer Modern version) -% -% plain TeX single / double column macros for the -% Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society -% -% v1.5 (mn.tex) --- released 25th August 1994 (M. 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\normalbaselines - \makestrut -} - - -% families \itfam, \slfam, \bffam, \ttfam defined in PLAIN. -% -% \itfam is \fam4 -% \slfam is \fam5 -% \bffam is \fam6 -% \ttfam is \fam7 - -\newfam\scfam % \fam8 -\newfam\sffam % \fam9 - -\def\mit{\fam\@ne} -\def\cal{\fam\tw@} -\def\em{\ifdim\fontdimen1\font>\z@ \rm\else\it\fi} - -\textfont3=\tenex -\scriptfont3=\tenex -\scriptscriptfont3=\tenex - -\setbox0=\hbox{\tenex B} \p@renwd=\wd0 % width of the big left ( - -\def\eightpoint{% 8^6^5 on 10pt - \def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}% - \textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm% - \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei% - \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy% - \textfont\itfam=\eightit\def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\itfam=\sixit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\fiveit - \else - \scriptfont\itfam=\eightit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\eightit - \fi - \textfont\bffam=\eightbf% - \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf% - \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf% - \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}% - \textfont\slfam=\eightsl\def\sl{\fam\slfam\eightsl}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\slfam=\sixsl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\fivesl - \else - \scriptfont\slfam=\eightsl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\eightsl - \fi - \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\ttfam=\sixtt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\fivett - \else - \scriptfont\ttfam=\eighttt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\eighttt - \fi - \textfont\scfam=\eightcsc\def\sc{\fam\scfam\eightcsc}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\scfam=\sixcsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\fivecsc - \else - \scriptfont\scfam=\eightcsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\eightcsc - \fi - \textfont\sffam=\eightsf\def\sf{\fam\sffam\eightsf}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\sffam=\sixsf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\fivesf - \else - \scriptfont\sffam=\eightsf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\eightsf - \fi - \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\eighti}% - \b@ls{10pt}\rm\@viiipt% -} -\def\@viiipt{} - -\def\ninepoint{% 9^6^5 on 11pt (two col) / 12 (single col) - \def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}% - \textfont0=\ninerm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm% - \textfont1=\ninei \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei% - \textfont2=\ninesy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy% - \textfont\itfam=\nineit\def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\itfam=\sixit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\fiveit - \else - \scriptfont\itfam=\nineit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\nineit - \fi - \textfont\bffam=\ninebf% - \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf% - \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf% - \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}% - \textfont\slfam=\ninesl\def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\slfam=\sixsl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\fivesl - \else - \scriptfont\slfam=\ninesl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\ninesl - \fi - \textfont\ttfam=\ninett\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\ttfam=\sixtt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\fivett - \else - \scriptfont\ttfam=\ninett - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\ninett - \fi - \textfont\scfam=\ninecsc\def\sc{\fam\scfam\ninecsc}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\scfam=\sixcsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\fivecsc - \else - \scriptfont\scfam=\ninecsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\ninecsc - \fi - \textfont\sffam=\ninesf\def\sf{\fam\sffam\ninesf}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\sffam=\sixsf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\fivesf - \else - \scriptfont\sffam=\ninesf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\ninesf - \fi - \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\ninei}% - \b@ls{\TextLeading plus \Feathering}\rm\@ixpt% -} -\def\@ixpt{} - -\def\tenpoint{% 10^7^5 on 11pt - \def\rm{\fam0\tenrm}% - \textfont0=\tenrm \scriptfont0=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm% - \textfont1=\teni \scriptfont1=\seveni \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei% - \textfont2=\tensy \scriptfont2=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy% - \textfont\itfam=\tenit\def\it{\fam\itfam\tenit}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\itfam=\sevenit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\fiveit - \else - \scriptfont\itfam=\tenit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\tenit - \fi - \textfont\bffam=\tenbf% - \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf% - \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf% - \def\bf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}% - \textfont\slfam=\tensl\def\sl{\fam\slfam\tensl}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\slfam=\sevensl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\fivesl - \else - \scriptfont\slfam=\tensl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\tensl - \fi - \textfont\ttfam=\tentt\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\ttfam=\seventt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\fivett - \else - \scriptfont\ttfam=\tentt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\tentt - \fi - \textfont\scfam=\tencsc\def\sc{\fam\scfam\tencsc}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\scfam=\sevencsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\fivecsc - \else - \scriptfont\scfam=\tencsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\tencsc - \fi - \textfont\sffam=\tensf\def\sf{\fam\sffam\tensf}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\sffam=\sevensf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\fivesf - \else - \scriptfont\sffam=\tensf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\tensf - \fi - \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\teni}% - \b@ls{11pt}\rm\@xpt% -} -\def\@xpt{} - -\def\elevenpoint{% 11^8^6 on 13pt - \def\rm{\fam0\elevenrm}% - \textfont0=\elevenrm \scriptfont0=\eightrm \scriptscriptfont0=\sixrm% - \textfont1=\eleveni \scriptfont1=\eighti \scriptscriptfont1=\sixi% - \textfont2=\elevensy \scriptfont2=\eightsy \scriptscriptfont2=\sixsy% - \textfont\itfam=\elevenit\def\it{\fam\itfam\elevenit}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\itfam=\eightit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\sixit - \else - \scriptfont\itfam=\elevenit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\elevenit - \fi - \textfont\bffam=\elevenbf% - \scriptfont\bffam=\eightbf% - \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\sixbf% - \def\bf{\fam\bffam\elevenbf}% - \textfont\slfam=\elevensl\def\sl{\fam\slfam\elevensl}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\slfam=\eightsl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\sixsl - \else - \scriptfont\slfam=\elevensl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\elevensl - \fi - \textfont\ttfam=\eleventt\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eleventt}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\ttfam=\eighttt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\sixtt - \else - \scriptfont\ttfam=\eleventt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\eleventt - \fi - \textfont\scfam=\elevencsc\def\sc{\fam\scfam\elevencsc}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\scfam=\eightcsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\sixcsc - \else - \scriptfont\scfam=\elevencsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\elevencsc - \fi - \textfont\sffam=\elevensf\def\sf{\fam\sffam\elevensf}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\sffam=\eightsf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\sixsf - \else - \scriptfont\sffam=\elevensf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\elevensf - \fi - \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\eleveni}% - \b@ls{13pt}\rm\@xipt% -} -\def\@xipt{} - -\def\fourteenpoint{% 14^10^7 on 17pt - \def\rm{\fam0\fourteenrm}% - \textfont0\fourteenrm \scriptfont0\tenrm \scriptscriptfont0\sevenrm% - \textfont1\fourteeni \scriptfont1\teni \scriptscriptfont1\seveni% - \textfont2\fourteensy \scriptfont2\tensy \scriptscriptfont2\sevensy% - \textfont\itfam=\fourteenit\def\it{\fam\itfam\fourteenit}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\itfam=\tenit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\sevenit - \else - \scriptfont\itfam=\fourteenit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\fourteenit - \fi - \textfont\bffam=\fourteenbf% - \scriptfont\bffam=\tenbf% - \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf% - \def\bf{\fam\bffam\fourteenbf}% - \textfont\slfam=\fourteensl\def\sl{\fam\slfam\fourteensl}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\slfam=\tensl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\sevensl - \else - \scriptfont\slfam=\fourteensl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\fourteensl - \fi - \textfont\ttfam=\fourteentt\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\fourteentt}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\ttfam=\tentt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\seventt - \else - \scriptfont\ttfam=\fourteentt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\fourteentt - \fi - \textfont\scfam=\fourteencsc\def\sc{\fam\scfam\fourteencsc}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\scfam=\tencsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\sevencsc - \else - \scriptfont\scfam=\fourteencsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\fourteencsc - \fi - \textfont\sffam=\fourteensf\def\sf{\fam\sffam\fourteensf}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\sffam=\tensf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\sevensf - \else - \scriptfont\sffam=\fourteensf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\fourteensf - \fi - \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\fourteeni}% - \b@ls{17pt}\rm\@xivpt% -} -\def\@xivpt{} - -\def\seventeenpoint{% 17^12^10 on 20pt - \def\rm{\fam0\seventeenrm}% - \textfont0\seventeenrm \scriptfont0\twelverm \scriptscriptfont0\tenrm% - \textfont1\seventeeni \scriptfont1\twelvei \scriptscriptfont1\teni% - \textfont2\seventeensy \scriptfont2\twelvesy \scriptscriptfont2\tensy% - \textfont\itfam=\seventeenit\def\it{\fam\itfam\seventeenit}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\itfam=\twelveit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\tenit - \else - \scriptfont\itfam=\seventeenit - \scriptscriptfont\itfam=\seventeenit - \fi - \textfont\bffam=\seventeenbf% - \scriptfont\bffam=\twelvebf% - \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\tenbf% - \def\bf{\fam\bffam\seventeenbf}% - \textfont\slfam=\seventeensl\def\sl{\fam\slfam\seventeensl}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\slfam=\twelvesl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\tensl - \else - \scriptfont\slfam=\seventeensl - \scriptscriptfont\slfam=\seventeensl - \fi - \textfont\ttfam=\seventeentt\def\tt{\fam\ttfam\seventeentt}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\ttfam=\twelvett - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\tentt - \else - \scriptfont\ttfam=\seventeentt - \scriptscriptfont\ttfam=\seventeentt - \fi - \textfont\scfam=\seventeencsc\def\sc{\fam\scfam\seventeencsc}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\scfam=\twelvecsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\tencsc - \else - \scriptfont\scfam=\seventeencsc - \scriptscriptfont\scfam=\seventeencsc - \fi - \textfont\sffam=\seventeensf\def\sf{\fam\sffam\seventeensf}% - \ifprod@font - \scriptfont\sffam=\twelvesf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\tensf - \else - \scriptfont\sffam=\seventeensf - \scriptscriptfont\sffam=\seventeensf - \fi - \def\oldstyle{\fam\@ne\seventeeni}% - \b@ls{20pt}\rm\@xviipt% -} -\def\@xviipt{} - -\lineskip=1pt \normallineskip=\lineskip -\lineskiplimit=\z@ \normallineskiplimit=\lineskiplimit - - -% BOLD MATH SYMBOLS - -\def\loadboldmathnames{% - \def\balpha{{\bmath{\alpha}}}% - \def\bbeta{{\bmath{\beta}}}% - \def\bgamma{{\bmath{\gamma}}}% - \def\bdelta{{\bmath{\delta}}}% - \def\bepsilon{{\bmath{\epsilon}}}% - \def\bzeta{{\bmath{\zeta}}}% - \def\boldeta{{\bmath{\eta}}}% - \def\btheta{{\bmath{\theta}}}% - \def\biota{{\bmath{\iota}}}% - \def\bkappa{{\bmath{\kappa}}}% - \def\blambda{{\bmath{\lambda}}}% - \def\bmu{{\bmath{\mu}}}% - \def\bnu{{\bmath{\nu}}}% - \def\bxi{{\bmath{\xi}}}% - \def\bpi{{\bmath{\pi}}}% - \def\brho{{\bmath{\rho}}}% - \def\bsigma{{\bmath{\sigma}}}% - \def\btau{{\bmath{\tau}}}% - \def\bupsilon{{\bmath{\upsilon}}}% - \def\bphi{{\bmath{\phi}}}% - \def\bchi{{\bmath{\chi}}}% - \def\bpsi{{\bmath{\psi}}}% - \def\bomega{{\bmath{\omega}}}% - \def\bvarepsilon{{\bmath{\varepsilon}}}% - \def\bvartheta{{\bmath{\vartheta}}}% - \def\bvarpi{{\bmath{\varpi}}}% - \def\bvarrho{{\bmath{\varrho}}}% - \def\bvarsigma{{\bmath{\varsigma}}}% - \def\bvarphi{{\bmath{\varphi}}}% - \def\baleph{{\bmath{\aleph}}}% - \def\bimath{{\bmath{\imath}}}% - \def\bjmath{{\bmath{\jmath}}}% - \def\bell{{\bmath{\ell}}}% - \def\bwp{{\bmath{\wp}}}% - \def\bRe{{\bmath{\Re}}}% - \def\bIm{{\bmath{\Im}}}% - \def\bpartial{{\bmath{\partial}}}% - \def\binfty{{\bmath{\infty}}}% - \def\bprime{{\bmath{\prime}}}% - \def\bemptyset{{\bmath{\emptyset}}}% - \def\bnabla{{\bmath{\nabla}}}% - \def\btop{{\bmath{\top}}}% - \def\bbot{{\bmath{\bot}}}% - \def\btriangle{{\bmath{\triangle}}}% - \def\bforall{{\bmath{\forall}}}% - \def\bexists{{\bmath{\exists}}}% - \def\bneg{{\bmath{\neg}}}% - \def\bflat{{\bmath{\flat}}}% - \def\bnatural{{\bmath{\natural}}}% - \def\bsharp{{\bmath{\sharp}}}% - \def\bclubsuit{{\bmath{\clubsuit}}}% - \def\bdiamondsuit{{\bmath{\diamondsuit}}}% - \def\bheartsuit{{\bmath{\heartsuit}}}% - \def\bspadesuit{{\bmath{\spadesuit}}}% - \def\bsmallint{{\bmath{\smallint}}}% - \def\btriangleleft{{\bmath{\triangleleft}}}% - \def\btriangleright{{\bmath{\triangleright}}}% - \def\bbigtriangleup{{\bmath{\bigtriangleup}}}% - \def\bbigtriangledown{{\bmath{\bigtriangledown}}}% - \def\bwedge{{\bmath{\wedge}}}% - \def\bvee{{\bmath{\vee}}}% - \def\bcap{{\bmath{\cap}}}% - \def\bcup{{\bmath{\cup}}}% - \def\bddagger{{\bmath{\ddagger}}}% - \def\bdagger{{\bmath{\dagger}}}% - \def\bsqcap{{\bmath{\sqcap}}}% - \def\bsqcup{{\bmath{\sqcup}}}% - \def\buplus{{\bmath{\uplus}}}% - \def\bamalg{{\bmath{\amalg}}}% - \def\bdiamond{{\bmath{\diamond}}}% - \def\bbullet{{\bmath{\bullet}}}% - \def\bwr{{\bmath{\wr}}}% - \def\bdiv{{\bmath{\div}}}% - \def\bodot{{\bmath{\odot}}}% - \def\boslash{{\bmath{\oslash}}}% - \def\botimes{{\bmath{\otimes}}}% - \def\bominus{{\bmath{\ominus}}}% - \def\boplus{{\bmath{\oplus}}}% - \def\bmp{{\bmath{\mp}}}% - \def\bpm{{\bmath{\pm}}}% - \def\bcirc{{\bmath{\circ}}}% - \def\bbigcirc{{\bmath{\bigcirc}}}% - \def\bsetminus{{\bmath{\setminus}}}% - \def\bcdot{{\bmath{\cdot}}}% - \def\bast{{\bmath{\ast}}}% - \def\btimes{{\bmath{\times}}}% - \def\bstar{{\bmath{\star}}}% - \def\bpropto{{\bmath{\propto}}}% - \def\bsqsubseteq{{\bmath{\sqsubseteq}}}% - \def\bsqsupseteq{{\bmath{\sqsupseteq}}}% - \def\bparallel{{\bmath{\parallel}}}% - \def\bmid{{\bmath{\mid}}}% - \def\bdashv{{\bmath{\dashv}}}% - \def\bvdash{{\bmath{\vdash}}}% - \def\bnearrow{{\bmath{\nearrow}}}% - \def\bsearrow{{\bmath{\searrow}}}% - \def\bnwarrow{{\bmath{\nwarrow}}}% - \def\bswarrow{{\bmath{\swarrow}}}% - \def\bLeftrightarrow{{\bmath{\Leftrightarrow}}}% - \def\bLeftarrow{{\bmath{\Leftarrow}}}% - \def\bRightarrow{{\bmath{\Rightarrow}}}% - \def\bleq{{\bmath{\leq}}}% - \def\bgeq{{\bmath{\geq}}}% - \def\bsucc{{\bmath{\succ}}}% - \def\bprec{{\bmath{\prec}}}% - \def\bapprox{{\bmath{\approx}}}% - \def\bsucceq{{\bmath{\succeq}}}% - \def\bpreceq{{\bmath{\preceq}}}% - \def\bsupset{{\bmath{\supset}}}% - \def\bsubset{{\bmath{\subset}}}% - \def\bsupseteq{{\bmath{\supseteq}}}% - \def\bsubseteq{{\bmath{\subseteq}}}% - \def\bin{{\bmath{\in}}}% - \def\bni{{\bmath{\ni}}}% - \def\bgg{{\bmath{\gg}}}% - \def\bll{{\bmath{\ll}}}% - \def\bnot{{\bmath{\not}}}% - \def\bleftrightarrow{{\bmath{\leftrightarrow}}}% - \def\bleftarrow{{\bmath{\leftarrow}}}% - \def\brightarrow{{\bmath{\rightarrow}}}% - \def\bmapstochar{{\bmath{\mapstochar}}}% - \def\bsim{{\bmath{\sim}}}% - \def\bsimeq{{\bmath{\simeq}}}% - \def\bperp{{\bmath{\perp}}}% - \def\bequiv{{\bmath{\equiv}}}% - \def\basymp{{\bmath{\asymp}}}% - \def\bsmile{{\bmath{\smile}}}% - \def\bfrown{{\bmath{\frown}}}% - \def\bleftharpoonup{{\bmath{\leftharpoonup}}}% - \def\bleftharpoondown{{\bmath{\leftharpoondown}}}% - \def\brightharpoonup{{\bmath{\rightharpoonup}}}% - \def\brightharpoondown{{\bmath{\rightharpoondown}}}% - \def\blhook{{\bmath{\lhook}}}% - \def\brhook{{\bmath{\rhook}}}% - \def\bldotp{{\bmath{\ldotp}}}% - \def\bcdotp{{\bmath{\cdotp}}}% -} - -% Make \, work in non-math mode -\def\,{\relax\ifmmode \mskip\thinmuskip\else \thinspace\fi} -\let\protect=\relax - -\long\def\@ifundefined#1#2#3{\expandafter\ifx\csname - #1\endcsname\relax#2\else#3\fi} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -% NewFont.sty: ALPHA VERSION patchlevel 8, 16th August 1994, M. Reed - -% \addtom@thgroup{math font loading info} -% Adds to internal \math@groups definition, which is executed at the end -% of each size changing command. It is called by \NewSymbolFont. - -\newtoks\math@groups \math@groups={} -\def\addtom@thgroup#1#2{#1\expandafter{\the#1#2}} % \mac={new\the\mac} - - -% Make TeX change the values of \s@ze, \ss@ze, \sss@ze when \@npt is -% executed. This makes it possible for math characters to be loaded -% at the correct size automatically when the size is changed. - -% \addtosizeh@ok{x}{10}{7}{5} - -\def\addtosizeh@ok#1#2#3#4{% - \expandafter\def\csname @#1pt\endcsname{% - \def\s@ze{#2}\def\ss@ze{#3}\def\sss@ze{#4}\the\math@groups% - }% -} - - -% \resetsizehook allows the size parameters to be reset after \addtosizeh@ok -% has been called (it re-defines \@npt). -% e.g JFM which requires \xpt to have 10.5pt instead of 10pt. -% Note: \resetsizehook must be used in the preamble BEFORE any -% \New... commands. - -% e.g. \resetsizehook{x}{10.5}{7}{5} - -\let\resetsizehook=\addtosizeh@ok - - -% Standard LaTeX sizes - -\ifprod@font -% \addtosizeh@ok{v} {5} {5} {5} -% \addtosizeh@ok{vi} {6} {6} {6} -% \addtosizeh@ok{vii} {7} {6} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{viii} {8} {6} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{ix} {9} {6} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{x} {10}{7} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{xi} {11}{8} {6} -% \addtosizeh@ok{xii} {12}{8} {6} - \addtosizeh@ok{xiv} {14}{10} {7} - \addtosizeh@ok{xvii} {17}{12}{10} -% \addtosizeh@ok{xx} {20}{14}{12} -% \addtosizeh@ok{xxv} {25}{20}{17} -\else -% \addtosizeh@ok{v} {5} {5} {5} -% \addtosizeh@ok{vi} {6} {6} {6} -% \addtosizeh@ok{vii} {7} {6} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{viii} {8} {6} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{ix} {9} {6} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{x} {10} {7} {5} - \addtosizeh@ok{xi} {10.95} {8} {6} -% \addtosizeh@ok{xii} {12} {8} {6} - \addtosizeh@ok{xiv} {14.4} {10} {7} - \addtosizeh@ok{xvii} {17.28} {12} {10} -% \addtosizeh@ok{xx} {20.74} {14.4} {12} -% \addtosizeh@ok{xxv} {24.88} {20.74} {17.28} -\fi - - -\def\get@font#1#2#3{% - \edef\fonts@ze{\romannumeral#3}% 10 -> x - \edef\fontn@me{\fonts@ze#1}% AMSa -> xAMSa - \@ifundefined{\fontn@me}% - {%%\typeout{defining \fontn@me}% - \global\expandafter\font\csname \fontn@me\endcsname=#2 at #3pt}% - {}% -} - -\def\ass@tfont#1#2{% - \xdef\fam@name{\csname #1\endcsname}% - \xdef\font@name{\csname #2\endcsname}% - \let\textfont@name\font@name - \textfont\fam@name\textfont@name -} - -\def\ass@sfont#1#2{% - \xdef\fam@name{\csname #1\endcsname}% - \xdef\font@name{\csname #2\endcsname}% - \let\textfont@name\font@name - \scriptfont\fam@name\textfont@name -} - -\def\ass@ssfont#1#2{% - \xdef\fam@name{\csname #1\endcsname}% - \xdef\font@name{\csname #2\endcsname}% - \let\textfont@name\font@name - \scriptscriptfont\fam@name\textfont@name -} - - -% fam name base font (allocates a \newfam) -% \NewSymbolFont {AMSa} {mtxm10} - -\def\NewSymbolFont#1#2{% - \expandafter\ifx\csname sym#1fam\endcsname\relax % if not defined - \expandafter\newfam\csname sym#1fam\endcsname - \expandafter\edef\csname sym#1fam\endcsname{\the\allocationnumber}% - \addtom@thgroup\math@groups{% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\s@ze}% - \ass@tfont{sym#1fam}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\ss@ze}% - \ass@sfont{sym#1fam}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\sss@ze}% - \ass@ssfont{sym#1fam}{\fontn@me}% - }% - \else - \errmessage{Family `#1' already defined}% - \fi -} - - -% symbol type fam pos (hex) -% \NewMathSymbol {\blacksquare} {0} {AMSa} {04} - -\def\NewMathSymbol#1#2#3#4{% - \edef\f@mly{\expandafter\hexnumber{\csname sym#3fam\endcsname}}% - \mathchardef#1="#2\f@mly#4\relax -} - - -% macro name type fam1 pos fam2 pos -% \NewMathDelimiter{\ulcorner} {4} {AMSa} {70} {AMSb} {70} - -\newif\ifd@f - -\def\NewMathDelimiter#1#2#3#4#5#6{% - \d@ftrue - \expandafter\ifx\csname sym#3fam\endcsname\relax - \d@ffalse \errmessage{Family `#3' is not defined}% - \fi - \expandafter\ifx\csname sym#5fam\endcsname\relax - \d@ffalse \errmessage{Family `#5' is not defined}% - \fi - \ifd@f - \edef\f@mly{\expandafter\hexnumber{\csname sym#3fam\endcsname}}% - \edef\f@mlytw@{\expandafter\hexnumber{\csname sym#5fam\endcsname}}% - \xdef#1{\delimiter"#2\f@mly #4\f@mlytw@ #6\relax}% - \fi -} - - -% macro name base font skewchar setting e.g '60 (octal) -% \NewMathAlphabet {mathbssi} {mtmisb10} {} - -\def\setboxz@h{\setbox\z@\hbox} -\def\wdz@{\wd\z@} -\def\boxz@{\box\z@} -\def\setbox@ne{\setbox\@ne} -\def\wd@ne{\wd\@ne} - -\def\math@atom#1#2{% - \binrel@{#1}\binrel@@{#2}} -\def\binrel@#1{\setboxz@h{\thinmuskip0mu - \medmuskip\m@ne mu\thickmuskip\@ne mu$#1\m@th$}% - \setbox@ne\hbox{\thinmuskip0mu\medmuskip\m@ne mu\thickmuskip - \@ne mu${}#1{}\m@th$}% - \setbox\tw@\hbox{\hskip\wd@ne\hskip-\wdz@}} -\def\binrel@@#1{\ifdim\wd2<\z@\mathbin{#1}\else\ifdim\wd\tw@>\z@ - \mathrel{#1}\else{#1}\fi\fi} - -\def\m@thit{1} - -\def\set@skchar#1{\global\expandafter\skewchar - \csname\fontn@me\endcsname=#1\relax} - -\def\NewMathAlphabet#1#2#3{% - \def\tst{#3}% - \ifx\tst\empty\else % if a \skewchar setting is present - \expandafter\gdef\csname #1@sc\endcsname{}% \def\cmd@sc{..} - \fi - % - \expandafter\def\csname #1\endcsname{% \def\cmd{\protect\@cmd} - \protect\csname @#1\endcsname}% - % - \expandafter\def\csname @#1\endcsname##1{% \def\@cmd{..} - {% - \begingroup - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\s@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@sc}{}{\set@skchar{#3}}% - \ass@tfont{m@thit}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\ss@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@sc}{}{\set@skchar{#3}}% - \ass@sfont{m@thit}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\sss@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@sc}{}{\set@skchar{#3}}% - \ass@ssfont{m@thit}{\fontn@me}% - % - \math@atom{##1}{% - \mathchoice% - {\hbox{$\m@th\displaystyle##1$}}% - {\hbox{$\m@th\textstyle##1$}}% - {\hbox{$\m@th\scriptstyle##1$}}% - {\hbox{$\m@th\scriptscriptstyle##1$}}}% - \endgroup - }% - }% -} - - -% macro name base font hyphenchar setting e.g -1 (off) -% \NewTextAlphabet {textbfit} {mtbxti10} {} - -% save a family if \NewTextAlphabet is not used. -\newif\iffirstta \firsttatrue - -\def\set@hchar#1{\global\expandafter\hyphenchar - \csname\fontn@me\endcsname=#1\relax} - -\def\NewTextAlphabet#1#2#3{% - \iffirstta - \global\firsttafalse - \newfam\scratchfam - \edef\scrt@fam{\the\allocationnumber}% - \fi - \def\tst{#3}% - \ifx\tst\empty\else % if a \hyphenchar setting is required - \expandafter\gdef\csname #1@hc\endcsname{}% \def\cmd@sc{..} - \fi - % - \expandafter\def\csname #1\endcsname{% \def\cmd{\protect\t@cmd} - \protect\csname t@#1\endcsname}% - % - \long\expandafter\def\csname t@#1\endcsname##1{% \def\t@cmd{..} - \ifmmode - \typeout{Warning: do not use \expandafter\string\csname #1\endcsname - \space in math mode}\fi% - {% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\s@ze}\let\t@xtfnt=\fontn@me\relax - \@ifundefined{#1@hc}{}{\set@hchar{#3}}% - \ass@tfont{scrt@fam}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\ss@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@hc}{}{\set@hchar{#3}}% - \ass@sfont{scrt@fam}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\sss@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@hc}{}{\set@hchar{#3}}% - \ass@ssfont{scrt@fam}{\fontn@me}% - \fam\scratchfam\csname\t@xtfnt\endcsname - ##1% - }% - }% - % - \expandafter\def\csname #1shape% \def\cmdshape{\protect\@cmdshape} - \endcsname{\protect\csname @#1shape\endcsname}% - % - \expandafter\def\csname @#1shape\endcsname{% \def\@cmdshape - \ifmmode - \typeout{Warning: do not use \expandafter\string\csname - #1shape\endcsname \space in math mode}\fi - % - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\s@ze}\let\t@xtfnt=\fontn@me\relax - \@ifundefined{#1@hc}{}{\set@hchar{#3}}% - \ass@tfont{scrt@fam}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\ss@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@hc}{}{\set@hchar{#3}}% - \ass@sfont{scrt@fam}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{#1}{#2}{\sss@ze}% - \@ifundefined{#1@hc}{}{\set@hchar{#3}}% - \ass@ssfont{scrt@fam}{\fontn@me}% - \fam\scratchfam\csname\t@xtfnt\endcsname - }% -} - - -% \bmath{math text} - -\ifprod@font - \def\math@itfnt{mtmib10} - \def\math@syfnt{mtbsy10} -\else - \def\math@itfnt{cmmib10} - \def\math@syfnt{cmbsy10} -\fi - -\def\m@thsy{2} - -\def\bmath{\protect\@bmath} -\def\@bmath#1{% - {% - \begingroup - \get@font{mthit}{\math@itfnt}{\s@ze}\set@skchar{'177}% - \ass@tfont{m@thit}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{mthit}{\math@itfnt}{\ss@ze}\set@skchar{'177}% - \ass@sfont{m@thit}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{mthit}{\math@itfnt}{\sss@ze}\set@skchar{'177}% - \ass@ssfont{m@thit}{\fontn@me}% - % - \get@font{mthsy}{\math@syfnt}{\s@ze}\set@skchar{'60}% - \ass@tfont{m@thsy}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{mthsy}{\math@syfnt}{\ss@ze}\set@skchar{'60}% - \ass@sfont{m@thsy}{\fontn@me}% - \get@font{mthsy}{\math@syfnt}{\sss@ze}\set@skchar{'60}% - \ass@ssfont{m@thsy}{\fontn@me}% - % - \math@atom{#1}{% - \mathchoice% - {\hbox{$\m@th\displaystyle#1$}}% - {\hbox{$\m@th\textstyle#1$}}% - {\hbox{$\m@th\scriptstyle#1$}}% - {\hbox{$\m@th\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}% - \endgroup - }% -} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - - -% Astronomy and Astrophysics symbol macros - -\def\la{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\sim\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\sim\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\sim\cr}}}}} - -\def\ga{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\sim\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\sim\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\sim\cr}}}}} - -\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip -\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets -\cr\to\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets -\cr\to\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}} - -\def\cor{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\widehat=$}}{\hbox{$\widehat=$}} -{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\hat=$}} -{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\hat=$}}}} - -\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr -\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr -\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr -\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}} - -\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr -\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr -\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr -\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}} - -\def\sol{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr -<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr -<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -\sim\cr<\cr}}}}} - -\def\sog{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr ->\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -\sim\cr>\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -\sim\cr>\cr}}}}} - -\def\lse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\simeq\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\simeq\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\simeq\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\simeq\cr}}}}} - -\def\gse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\simeq\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\simeq\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\simeq\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\simeq\cr}}}}} - -\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}<\cr}}}}} - -\def\leogr{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}>\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}>\cr}}}}} - -\def\loa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\approx\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\approx\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\approx\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr\approx\cr}}}}} - -\def\goa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\approx\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\approx\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\approx\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\approx\cr}}}}} - -\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}} -\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}} -\def\diameter{{\ifmmode\mathchoice -{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\displaystyle/$}\hfil\crcr -{\hbox{$\displaystyle\mathchar"20D$}}}} -{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\textstyle/$}\hfil\crcr -{\hbox{$\textstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}} -{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr -{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}} -{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr -{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}} -\else{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}% -\fi}} - -\def\sq{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil -\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed -\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi} -\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}} - -\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}} -\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}} -\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}} -\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}} -\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}} -\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}} -\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}} -\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}} -\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}} -\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}} - -% Simulated Blackboard Bold symbols - -\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} -\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}} -\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} -\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}} -\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}} -\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}} -\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}} -\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} -{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}} -\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm -Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm -T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}} -{\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}} -{\hbox{$\sf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}} -{\hbox{$\sf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}} - - -% NUMBER THE DESIGN ELEMENTS - -\def\Nulle{0} % null element -\def\Afe{1} % author affiliation -\def\Hae{2} % heading A -\def\Hbe{3} % heading B -\def\Hce{4} % heading C -\def\Hde{5} % heading D - - -% TEMPORARY REGISTERS - -\newcount\LastMac \LastMac=\Nulle - -\newskip\half \half=5.5pt plus 1.5pt minus 2.25pt -\newskip\one \one=11pt plus 3pt minus 5.5pt -\newskip\onehalf \onehalf=16.5pt plus 5.5pt minus 8.25pt -\newskip\two \two=22pt plus 5.5pt minus 11pt - -\def\Half{\addvspace{\half}} -\def\One{\addvspace{\one}} -\def\OneHalf{\addvspace{\onehalf}} -\def\Two{\addvspace{\two}} - -\def\Referee{% produce version for refereeing - \def\baselinestretch{2}% - \ninepoint -} - -\def\Raggedright{% set lines unjustified - \rightskip=\z@ plus \hsize\relax -} - -\def\Fullout{% set lines justified - \rightskip=\z@\relax -} - -\def\Hang#1#2{% set hanging indentation - \hangindent=#1% - \hangafter=#2\relax -} - -\def\makeatletter{\catcode `\@=11\relax} -\def\makeatother{\catcode `\@=12\relax} - - -% Pagestyles - -\newif\ifsp@page -\def\pagestyle#1{\csname ps@#1\endcsname} -\def\thispagestyle#1{\global\sp@pagetrue\gdef\sp@type{#1}} - -\def\ps@titlepage{% - \def\@oddhead{\eightpoint\noindent \the\CatchLine - \ifprod@font\else\qquad Printed\ \today\qquad - (MN plain \TeX\ macros\ v\@version)\fi \hfil}% - \let\@evenhead=\@oddhead -} - -\def\ps@headings{% - \def\@oddhead{\elevenpoint\it\noindent - \hfill\the\RightHeader\hskip1.5em\rm\folio}% - \def\@evenhead{\elevenpoint\noindent - \folio\hskip1.5em\it\the\LeftHeader\hfill}% -} - -\def\ps@plate{% - \def\@oddhead{\eightpoint\noindent\plt@cap\hfil}% - \def\@evenhead{\eightpoint\noindent\plt@cap\hfil}% -} - - -% DESIGN ELEMENT DEFINITIONS - -% Article opening - -\def\title#1{% article title - \bgroup - \vbox to 8pt{\vss}% - \seventeenpoint - \Raggedright - \noindent \strut{\bf #1}\par - \egroup -} - -\def\author#1{% article author(s) - \bgroup - \ifnum\LastMac=\Afe \OneHalf\else \vskip 21pt\fi - \fourteenpoint - \Raggedright - \noindent \strut #1\par - \vskip 3pt% - \egroup -} - -\def\affiliation#1{% author(s) affiliation - \bgroup - \vskip -4pt% - \eightpoint - \Raggedright - \noindent \strut {\it #1}\par - \egroup - \LastMac=\Afe\relax -} - -\def\acceptedline#1{% acceptance date - \bgroup - \Two - \eightpoint - \Raggedright - \noindent \strut #1\par - \egroup -} - -\long\def\abstract#1{% - \bgroup - \vskip 20pt% - \everypar{\Hang{11pc}{0}}% - \noindent{\ninebf ABSTRACT}\par - \tenpoint - \Fullout - \noindent #1\par - \egroup -} - -\long\def\keywords#1{% keywords - \bgroup - \Half - \everypar{\Hang{11pc}{0}}% - \tenpoint - \Fullout - \noindent\hbox{\bf Key words:}\ #1\par - \egroup -} - - -% The \maketitle macro ensures that the two spanning material appears -% at the top of the first page, and that it has two lines of space -% underneath it. If you forget this in you input, no output will be produced. -% The \BeginOpening (alias \begintopmatter) macro should be called at the -% very start of the input file, so that it is in force when the document -% starts. This ensures that when \maketitle is called that the group is -% closed, and the material gets printed. - -\def\maketitle{% - \EndOpening - \ifsinglecol \else \MakePage\fi -} - - -% Page offset - -\def\pageoffset#1#2{\hoffset=#1\relax\voffset=#2\relax} - - -% Counter setup - -\def\@nameuse#1{\csname #1\endcsname} -\def\arabic#1{\@arabic{\@nameuse{#1}}} -\def\alph#1{\@alph{\@nameuse{#1}}} -\def\Alph#1{\@Alph{\@nameuse{#1}}} -\def\@arabic#1{\number #1} -\def\@Alph#1{\ifcase#1\or A\or B\or C\or D\else\@Ialph{#1}\fi} -\def\@Ialph#1{\ifcase#1\or \or \or \or \or E\or F\or G\or H\or I\or J\or - K\or L\or M\or N\or O\or P\or Q\or R\or S\or T\or U\or V\or W\or X\or - Y\or Z\else\errmessage{Counter out of range}\fi} -\def\@alph#1{\ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\else\@ialph{#1}\fi} -\def\@ialph#1{\ifcase#1\or \or \or \or \or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or - k\or l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or y\or - z\else\errmessage{Counter out of range}\fi} - - -% Equation auto-numbering - -\newcount\Eqnno -\newcount\SubEqnno - -\def\theeq{\arabic{Eqnno}} -\def\thesubeq{\alph{SubEqnno}} - -\def\stepeq{\relax - \global\SubEqnno \z@ - \global\advance\Eqnno \@ne\relax - {\rm (\theeq)}% -} - -\def\startsubeq{\relax - \global\SubEqnno \z@ - \global\advance\Eqnno \@ne\relax - \stepsubeq -} - -\def\stepsubeq{\relax - \global\advance\SubEqnno \@ne\relax - {\rm (\theeq\thesubeq)}% -} - - -% Headings - -\newcount\Sec % heading auto number counters -\newcount\SecSec -\newcount\SecSecSec - -\def\thesection{\arabic{Sec}} -\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\arabic{SecSec}} -\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\arabic{SecSecSec}} - - -\Sec=\z@ - -\def\:{\let\@sptoken= } \: % this makes \@sptoken a space token -\def\:{\@xifnch} \expandafter\def\: {\futurelet\@tempc\@ifnch} - -\def\@ifnextchar#1#2#3{% - \let\@tempMACe #1% - \def\@tempMACa{#2}% - \def\@tempMACb{#3}% - \futurelet \@tempMACc\@ifnch% -} - -\def\@ifnch{% -\ifx \@tempMACc \@sptoken% - \let\@tempMACd\@xifnch% -\else% - \ifx \@tempMACc \@tempMACe% - \let\@tempMACd\@tempMACa% - \else% - \let\@tempMACd\@tempMACb% - \fi% -\fi% -\@tempMACd% -} - -\def\@ifstar#1#2{\@ifnextchar *{\def\@tempMACa*{#1}\@tempMACa}{#2}} - -\newskip\@tempskipb - -\def\addvspace#1{% - \ifvmode\else \endgraf\fi% - \ifdim\lastskip=\z@% - \vskip #1\relax% - \else% - \@tempskipb#1\relax\@xaddvskip% - \fi% -} - -\def\@xaddvskip{% - \ifdim\lastskip<\@tempskipb% - \vskip-\lastskip% - \vskip\@tempskipb\relax% - \else% - \ifdim\@tempskipb<\z@% - \ifdim\lastskip<\z@ \else% - \advance\@tempskipb\lastskip% - \vskip-\lastskip\vskip\@tempskipb% - \fi% - \fi% - \fi% -} - -\newskip\@tmpSKIP - -\def\addpen#1{% - \ifvmode - \if@nobreak - \else - \ifdim\lastskip=\z@ - \penalty#1\relax - \else - \@tmpSKIP=\lastskip - \vskip -\lastskip - \penalty#1\vskip\@tmpSKIP - \fi - \fi - \fi -} - -\newcount\@clubpen \@clubpen=\clubpenalty -\newif\if@nobreak \@nobreakfalse - -\def\@noafterindent{% - \global\@nobreaktrue - \everypar{\if@nobreak - \global\@nobreakfalse - \clubpenalty \@M - {\setbox\z@\lastbox}% - \LastMac=\Nulle\relax% - \else - \clubpenalty \@clubpen - \everypar{}% - \fi}% -} - -\newcount\gds@cbrk \gds@cbrk=-300 - -\def\@nohdbrk{\interlinepenalty \@M\relax} - -\let\@par=\par -\def\@restorepar{\def\par{\@par}} - -\newif\if@endpe \@endpefalse - -\def\@doendpe{\@endpetrue \@nobreakfalse \LastMac=\Nulle\relax% - \def\par{\@restorepar\everypar{}\par\@endpefalse}% - \everypar{\setbox\z@\lastbox\everypar{}\@endpefalse}% -} - -\def\section{\@ifstar{\@ssection}{\@section}} - -\def\@section#1{% heading A (\section{....}) - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \ifnum\LastMac=\Hae \addvspace{\half}\fi - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\two}% - \fi - \bgroup - \ninepoint\bf - \Raggedright - \global\advance\Sec \@ne - \ifappendix - \global\Eqnno=\z@ \global\SubEqnno=\z@\relax - \def\ch@ck{#1}% - \ifx\ch@ck\empty \def\c@lon{}\else\def\c@lon{:}\fi - \noindent\@nohdbrk APPENDIX\ \thesection\c@lon\hskip 0.5em% - \uppercase{#1}\par - \else - \noindent\@nohdbrk\thesection\hskip 1pc \uppercase{#1}\par - \fi - \global\SecSec=\z@ - \egroup - \nobreak - \vskip\half - \nobreak - \@noafterindent - \LastMac=\Hae\relax -} - -\def\@ssection#1{% main section heading (\section*{....}) - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \ifnum\LastMac=\Hae \addvspace{\half}\fi - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\two}% - \fi - \bgroup - \ninepoint\bf - \Raggedright -% \ifappendix -% \global\Eqnno=\z@ \global\SubEqnno=\z@\relax % mh in apps dont reset -% \noindent\@nohdbrk APPENDIX:\hskip 0.5em% -% \uppercase{#1}\par -% \else - \noindent\@nohdbrk\uppercase{#1}\par -% \fi - \egroup - \nobreak - \vskip\half - \nobreak - \@noafterindent - \LastMac=\Hae\relax -} - -\def\subsection{\@ifstar{\@ssubsection}{\@subsection}} - -\def\@subsection#1{% heading B - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \ifnum\LastMac=\Hae \addvspace{1pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}\fi - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\onehalf}% - \fi - \bgroup - \ninepoint\bf - \Raggedright - \global\advance\SecSec \@ne - \noindent\@nohdbrk\thesubsection \hskip 1pc\relax #1\par - \global\SecSecSec=\z@ - \egroup - \nobreak - \vskip\half - \nobreak - \@noafterindent - \LastMac=\Hbe\relax -} - -\def\@ssubsection#1{% heading B* - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \ifnum\LastMac=\Hae \addvspace{1pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}\fi - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\onehalf}% - \fi - \bgroup - \ninepoint\bf - \Raggedright - \noindent\@nohdbrk #1\par - \egroup - \nobreak - \vskip\half - \nobreak - \@noafterindent - \LastMac=\Hbe\relax -} - -\def\subsubsection{\@ifstar{\@ssubsubsection}{\@subsubsection}} - -\def\@subsubsection#1{% heading C - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \ifnum\LastMac=\Hbe \addvspace{1pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}\fi - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\onehalf}% - \fi - \bgroup - \ninepoint\it - \Raggedright - \global\advance\SecSecSec \@ne - \noindent\@nohdbrk\thesubsubsection \hskip 1pc\relax #1\par - \egroup - \nobreak - \vskip\half - \nobreak - \@noafterindent - \LastMac=\Hce\relax -} - -\def\@ssubsubsection#1{% heading C* - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \ifnum\LastMac=\Hbe \addvspace{1pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}\fi - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\onehalf}% - \fi - \bgroup - \ninepoint\it - \Raggedright - \noindent\@nohdbrk #1\par - \egroup - \nobreak - \vskip\half - \nobreak - \@noafterindent - \LastMac=\Hce\relax -} - -\def\paragraph#1{% heading D - \if@nobreak - \everypar{}% - \else - \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% - \addvspace{\one}% - \fi% - \bgroup% - \ninepoint\it - \noindent #1\ \nobreak% - \egroup - \LastMac=\Hde\relax - \ignorespaces -} - - -% Appendix - -\newif\ifappendix - -\def\appendix{% - \global\appendixtrue - \def\thesection{\Alph{Sec}}% - \def\thesubsection{\thesection\arabic{SecSec}}% - \def\theeq{\thesection\arabic{Eqnno}}% - \Sec=\z@ \SecSec=\z@ \SecSecSec=\z@ \Eqnno=\z@ \SubEqnno=\z@\relax -} - - -% Text - -\let\tx=\relax % provided for backward compatibility - - -% Lists - -\def\beginlist{% - \par\if@nobreak \else\addvspace{\half}\fi% - \bgroup% - \ninepoint - \let\item=\list@item% -} - -\def\list@item{% - \par\noindent\hskip 1em\relax% - \ignorespaces% -} - -\def\endlist{\par\egroup\addvspace{\half}\@doendpe} - - -% References - -\def\beginrefs{% - \par - \bgroup - \eightpoint - \Fullout - \let\bibitem=\bib@item -} - -\def\bib@item{% - \par\parindent=1.5em\Hang{1.5em}{1}% - \everypar={\Hang{1.5em}{1}\ignorespaces}% - \noindent\ignorespaces -} - -\def\endrefs{\par\egroup\@doendpe} - - -% Page heads - -\newtoks\CatchLine - -\def\@journal{Mon.\ Not.\ R.\ Astron.\ Soc.\ } % The journal title string -\def\@pubyear{1994} % Assign a default publication year -\def\@pagerange{000--000} % Assign a default page-range -\def\@volume{000} % Assign a default volume number -\def\@microfiche{} % - -\def\pubyear#1{\gdef\@pubyear{#1}\@makecatchline} -\def\pagerange#1{\gdef\@pagerange{#1}\@makecatchline} -\def\volume#1{\gdef\@volume{#1}\@makecatchline} -\def\microfiche#1{\gdef\@microfiche{and Microfiche\ #1}\@makecatchline} - -\def\@makecatchline{% - \global\CatchLine{% - {\rm \@journal {\bf \@volume},\ \@pagerange\ (\@pubyear)\ \@microfiche}}% -} - -\@makecatchline % Assign a catchline, using the above defaults - -\newtoks\LeftHeader -\def\shortauthor#1{% left page head - \global\LeftHeader{#1}% -} - -\newtoks\RightHeader -\def\shorttitle#1{% right page head - \global\RightHeader{#1}% -} - -\def\PageHead{% recto/verso running heads - \begingroup - \ifsp@page - \csname ps@\sp@type\endcsname - \global\sp@pagefalse - \fi - \ifodd\pageno - \let\the@head=\@oddhead - \else - \let\the@head=\@evenhead - \fi - \vbox to \z@{\vskip-22.5\p@% - \hbox to \PageWidth{\vbox to8.5\p@{}% - \the@head - }% - \vss}% - \endgroup - \nointerlineskip -} - -\def\today{% - \number\day\space - \ifcase\month\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or - July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi - \space\number\year% -} - -\def\PageFoot{} % No page footer as default - -\def\authorcomment#1{% - \gdef\PageFoot{% - \nointerlineskip% - \vbox to 22pt{\vfil% - \hbox to \PageWidth{\elevenpoint\noindent \hfil #1 \hfil}}% - }% -} - - -% Plate pages - -\newif\ifplate@page -\newbox\plt@box - -\def\beginplatepage{% - \let\plate=\plate@head - \let\caption=\fig@caption - \global\setbox\plt@box=\vbox\bgroup - \TEMPDIMEN=\PageWidth % For \fig@caption test - \hsize=\PageWidth\relax -} - -\def\endplatepage{\par\egroup\global\plate@pagetrue} -\def\plate@head#1{\gdef\plt@cap{#1}} - -% Letters option - -\def\letters{% - \gdef\folio{\ifnum\pageno<\z@ L\romannumeral-\pageno - \else L\number\pageno \fi}% -} - - -% Math setup - -% The standard math indentation -\newdimen\mathindent - -\global\mathindent=\z@ -\global\everydisplay{\global\@dspwd=\displaywidth\displaysetup} - -% New versions of \displaylines, \eqalign, \eqalignno for -% when non-centered math is in use. - -\def\@displaylines#1{% (for non-centered math) - {}$\displ@y\hbox{\vbox{\halign{$\@lign\hfil\displaystyle##\hfil$\crcr - #1\crcr}}}${}% -} - -\def\@eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\openup\jot\m@th% (for non-centered math) - \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil - \crcr#1\crcr}}% -} - -\def\@eqalignno#1{% (for non-centered math) - \global\advance\@dspwd by -\mathindent% - {}$\displ@y\hbox{\vbox{\halign to\@dspwd% - {\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip - &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering - &\llap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr - #1\crcr}}}${}% -} - -% When equations are flushleft ensure, that \displaylines, -% \eqalign, \eqalignno and \leqalignno point to the new versions of -% the macros. Also make \leqalignno act like \eqalignno, otherwise the -% equation text would `crash' into the equation number. - -\global\let\displaylines=\@displaylines -\global\let\eqalign=\@eqalign -\global\let\eqalignno=\@eqalignno -\global\let\leqalignno=\@eqalignno - -\newdimen\@dspwd \@dspwd=\z@ -\newif\if@eqno -\newif\if@leqno -\newtoks\@eqn -\newtoks\@eq - -\def\displaysetup#1$${\displaytest#1\eqno\eqno\displaytest} - -\def\displaytest#1\eqno#2\eqno#3\displaytest{% - \if!#3!\ldisplaytest#1\leqno\leqno\ldisplaytest - \else\@eqnotrue\@leqnofalse\@eqn={#2}\@eq={#1}\fi - \generaldisplay$$} - -\def\ldisplaytest#1\leqno#2\leqno#3\ldisplaytest{% -\@eq={#1}% - \if!#3!\@eqnofalse\else\@eqnotrue\@leqnotrue - \@eqn={#2}\fi} - -\def\generaldisplay{% - \if@eqno - \if@leqno - \hbox to \displaywidth{\noindent - \rlap{$\displaystyle\the\@eqn$}% - \hskip\mathindent$\displaystyle\the\@eq$\hfil}% - \else - \hbox to \displaywidth{\noindent - \hskip\mathindent - $\displaystyle\the\@eq$\hfil$\displaystyle\the\@eqn$}% - \fi - \else - \hbox to \displaywidth{\noindent - \hskip\mathindent$\displaystyle\the\@eq$\hfil}% - \fi -} - - -% Finishing notice - -\def\@notice{% - \par\Two% - \noindent{\b@ls{11pt}\ninerm This paper has been produced using the - Royal Astronomical Society/Blackwell Science \TeX\ macros.\par}% -} - -% redefine \bye to output our identification notice : -\outer\def\bye{\@notice\par\vfill\supereject\end} - - -% define a sign on : - -\def\start@mess{% - Monthly notices of the RAS journal style (\@typeface)\space - v\@version,\space \@verdate.% -} - -\everyjob{\Warn{\start@mess}} - - -% Two-column macros - -%--------------------------------------------------------% -% INITIALISATION % -%--------------------------------------------------------% - -\newif\if@debug \@debugfalse % when false, only warnings displayed - -\def\Print#1{\if@debug\immediate\write16{#1}\else \fi} -\def\Warn#1{\immediate\write16{#1}} -\def\wlog#1{} - -\newcount\Iteration % temporary loop counter - -\def\Single{0} \def\Double{1} % ItemSPAN's -\def\Figure{0} \def\Table{1} % ItemTYPE's - -\def\InStack{0} % ItemSTATUS -\def\InZoneA{1} -\def\InZoneB{2} -\def\InZoneC{3} - -\newcount\TEMPCOUNT % temporary count register -\newdimen\TEMPDIMEN % temporary dimen register -\newbox\TEMPBOX % temporary box register -\newbox\VOIDBOX % a box which is permenately void - -\newcount\LengthOfStack % number of items currently in stack -\newcount\MaxItems % maximum number of items allowed in stack -\newcount\StackPointer -\newcount\Point % used in calculation for generating the - % physical address of an item in the stack. -\newcount\NextFigure % number of next figure to be output -\newcount\NextTable % number of next table to be output -\newcount\NextItem % Next item to consider by order in stack - -\newcount\StatusStack % set to point to top of STATUS stack -\newcount\NumStack % set to point to top of NUMBER stack -\newcount\TypeStack % set to point to top of TYPE stack -\newcount\SpanStack % set to point to top of SPAN stack -\newcount\BoxStack % set to point to top of BOX stack - -\newcount\ItemSTATUS % status of present item -\newcount\ItemNUMBER % number of present item -\newcount\ItemTYPE % type of present item -\newcount\ItemSPAN % span of present item -\newbox\ItemBOX % box of present item -\newdimen\ItemSIZE % size of present item - % (calculated by GetItemBOX) - -\newdimen\PageHeight % vertical measure of full page -\newdimen\TextLeading % distance between baselines of body text -\newdimen\Feathering % amount of interline stretch -\newcount\LinesPerPage % height of page in text lines -\newdimen\ColumnWidth % width of 1 column of text -\newdimen\ColumnGap % size of gap between columns -\newdimen\PageWidth % = \ColumnWidth * 2 + \ColumnGap -\newdimen\BodgeHeight % Bodge to align figures and tables with text -\newcount\Leading % Set to same as \TextLeading above - -\newdimen\ZoneBSize % size of items in ZoneB -\newdimen\TextSize % size of text in ZoneB -\newbox\ZoneABOX % contains Zone A material -\newbox\ZoneBBOX % contains Zone B material -\newbox\ZoneCBOX % contains Zone C material - -\newif\ifFirstSingleItem -\newif\ifFirstZoneA -\newif\ifMakePageInComplete -\newif\ifMoreFigures \MoreFiguresfalse % set true in join stack -\newif\ifMoreTables \MoreTablesfalse % set true in join stack - -\newif\ifFigInZoneB % used to determine in which zone an item -\newif\ifFigInZoneC % will be placed based on what is in other -\newif\ifTabInZoneB % zones already for a given page. -\newif\ifTabInZoneC - -\newif\ifZoneAFullPage - -\newbox\MidBOX % = LeftBOX+gap+RightBOX -\newbox\LeftBOX -\newbox\RightBOX -\newbox\PageBOX % complete made-up page - -\newif\ifLeftCOL % flags first pass through output routine -\LeftCOLtrue - -\newdimen\ZoneBAdjust - -\newcount\ItemFits -\def\Yes{1} -\def\No{2} - -\def\LineAdjust#1{\global\ZoneBAdjust=#1\TextLeading\relax} - - -% Setup file. - -\MaxItems=15 -\NextFigure=\z@ % used for article opening -\NextTable=\@ne - -\BodgeHeight=6pt -\TextLeading=11pt % baselineskip of body text -\Leading=11 -\Feathering=\z@ % amount of interline stretch -\LinesPerPage=61 % number of text lines per full page -1 -\topskip=\TextLeading -\ColumnWidth=20pc % width of text columns -\ColumnGap=2pc % gap between columns - -\newskip\ItemSepamount % space between floats -\ItemSepamount=\TextLeading plus \TextLeading minus 4pt - -\parskip=\z@ plus .1pt -\parindent=18pt -\widowpenalty=\z@ -\clubpenalty=10000 -\tolerance=1500 -\hbadness=1500 -\abovedisplayskip=6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt -\belowdisplayskip=6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt -\abovedisplayshortskip=6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt -\belowdisplayshortskip=6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt - -\frenchspacing - -\ninepoint % start main text size - -\PageHeight=682pt -\PageWidth=2\ColumnWidth -\advance\PageWidth by \ColumnGap - -\pagestyle{headings} - - -%--------------------------------------------------------% -% STACKS % -%--------------------------------------------------------% - -% THE ITEM STACK -% The item stack contains contains figures and tables -% in the order in which they appear in the article source -% code. - -% allocate stack space - -\newcount\DUMMY \StatusStack=\allocationnumber -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY - -\newcount\DUMMY \NumStack=\allocationnumber -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY - -\newcount\DUMMY \TypeStack=\allocationnumber -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY - -\newcount\DUMMY \SpanStack=\allocationnumber -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY -\newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY \newcount\DUMMY - -\newbox\DUMMY \BoxStack=\allocationnumber -\newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY -\newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY -\newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY -\newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY -\newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY \newbox\DUMMY - -\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} - -% \GetItemSTATUS, \GetItemNUMBER, \GetItemTYPE, \GetItemSPAN, -% \GetItemBox -% are used to get details of a particular item from the item -% stack. The argument to each of these is the items position -% in the stack (usually \StackPointer)...not the items number. - -\def\GetItemAll#1{% - \GetItemSTATUS{#1} - \GetItemNUMBER{#1} - \GetItemTYPE{#1} - \GetItemSPAN{#1} - \GetItemBOX{#1} -} - -% Note: \LeaveStack uses this routine. Do not destroy \Point -\def\GetItemSTATUS#1{% - \Point=\StatusStack - \advance\Point by #1 - \global\ItemSTATUS=\count\Point -} - -% Note: \LeaveStack uses this routine. Do not destroy \Point -\def\GetItemNUMBER#1{% - \Point=\NumStack - \advance\Point by #1 - \global\ItemNUMBER=\count\Point -} - -% Note: \LeaveStack uses this routine. Do not destroy \Point -\def\GetItemTYPE#1{% - \Point=\TypeStack - \advance\Point by #1 - \global\ItemTYPE=\count\Point -} - -% Note: \LeaveStack uses this routine. Do not destroy \Point -\def\GetItemSPAN#1{% - \Point\SpanStack - \advance\Point by #1 - \global\ItemSPAN=\count\Point -} - -% Note: \LeaveStack uses this routine. Do not destroy \Point -\def\GetItemBOX#1{% - \Point=\BoxStack - \advance\Point by #1 - \global\setbox\ItemBOX=\vbox{\copy\Point} - \global\ItemSIZE=\ht\ItemBOX - \global\advance\ItemSIZE by \dp\ItemBOX - \TEMPCOUNT=\ItemSIZE - \divide\TEMPCOUNT by \Leading - \divide\TEMPCOUNT by 65536 - \advance\TEMPCOUNT \@ne - \ItemSIZE=\TEMPCOUNT pt - \global\multiply\ItemSIZE by \Leading -} - -% item joins stack - -\def\JoinStack{% - \ifnum\LengthOfStack=\MaxItems % stack is full of items - \Warn{WARNING: Stack is full...some items will be lost!} - \else - \Point=\StatusStack - \advance\Point by \LengthOfStack - \global\count\Point=\ItemSTATUS - \Point=\NumStack - \advance\Point by \LengthOfStack - \global\count\Point=\ItemNUMBER - \Point=\TypeStack - \advance\Point by \LengthOfStack - \global\count\Point=\ItemTYPE - \Point\SpanStack - \advance\Point by \LengthOfStack - \global\count\Point=\ItemSPAN - \Point=\BoxStack - \advance\Point by \LengthOfStack - \global\setbox\Point=\vbox{\copy\ItemBOX} - \global\advance\LengthOfStack \@ne - \ifnum\ItemTYPE=\Figure % used in \MakePage - \global\MoreFigurestrue - \else - \global\MoreTablestrue - \fi - \fi -} - -% item leaves stack -% #1=physical position of the item to be removed - -\def\LeaveStack#1{% - {\Iteration=#1 - \loop - \ifnum\Iteration<\LengthOfStack - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \GetItemSTATUS{\Iteration} - \advance\Point by \m@ne - \global\count\Point=\ItemSTATUS - \GetItemNUMBER{\Iteration} - \advance\Point by \m@ne - \global\count\Point=\ItemNUMBER - \GetItemTYPE{\Iteration} - \advance\Point by \m@ne - \global\count\Point=\ItemTYPE - \GetItemSPAN{\Iteration} - \advance\Point by \m@ne - \global\count\Point=\ItemSPAN - \GetItemBOX{\Iteration} - \advance\Point by \m@ne - \global\setbox\Point=\vbox{\copy\ItemBOX} - \repeat} - \global\advance\LengthOfStack by \m@ne -} - -% clean stack -% This routine scans through the stack and removes anything -% that does not have STATUS=\InStack. - -\newif\ifStackNotClean - -\def\CleanStack{% - \StackNotCleantrue - {\Iteration=\z@ - \loop - \ifStackNotClean - \GetItemSTATUS{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemSTATUS=\InStack - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \else - \LeaveStack{\Iteration} - \fi - \ifnum\LengthOfStack<\Iteration - \StackNotCleanfalse - \fi - \repeat} -} - -% Find item. -% This macro searches from the top to the bottom of the -% stack for an item of a specified type and number. -% #1=type, #2=number -% If the specified item is found, then \StackPointer is set -% to point to it, else \StackPointer=-1. -% This routine is used to find the next figure or table -% by number. - -\def\FindItem#1#2{% - \global\StackPointer=\m@ne % assume item isn't in stack for now - {\Iteration=\z@ - \loop - \ifnum\Iteration<\LengthOfStack - \GetItemSTATUS{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemSTATUS=\InStack - \GetItemTYPE{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemTYPE=#1 - \GetItemNUMBER{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemNUMBER=#2 - \global\StackPointer=\Iteration - \Iteration=\LengthOfStack % terminate loop - \fi - \fi - \fi - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \repeat} -} - -% Find next type -% This macro searches from the top to the bottom of the stack -% looking for the first item which has STATUS=\InStack. -% If it is a figure then a figure is what will be considered -% next by \MakePage else table. - -\def\FindNext{% - \global\StackPointer=\m@ne % assume stack is empty for now - {\Iteration=\z@ - \loop - \ifnum\Iteration<\LengthOfStack - \GetItemSTATUS{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemSTATUS=\InStack - \GetItemTYPE{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemTYPE=\Figure - \ifMoreFigures - \global\NextItem=\Figure - \global\StackPointer=\Iteration - \Iteration=\LengthOfStack % terminate loop - \fi - \fi - \ifnum\ItemTYPE=\Table - \ifMoreTables - \global\NextItem=\Table - \global\StackPointer=\Iteration - \Iteration=\LengthOfStack % terminate loop - \fi - \fi - \fi - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \repeat} -} - -% Change status -% Macro to change the status of a specified item in stack. -% #1=item, #2=new status - -\def\ChangeStatus#1#2{% - \Point=\StatusStack - \advance\Point by #1 - \global\count\Point=#2 -} - - -%--------------------------------------------------------% -% MAKEPAGE % -%--------------------------------------------------------% - -% This macro is called at the start of every new page -% including the first. It scans through the stack picking -% out items which should be placed on this page. It then -% leaves space for the items to be placed later. The routine -% terminates when either there is no room on the page to -% fit the next figure or table, or there are no more items -% in the stack. - -\def\Zone{\InZoneA} - -\ZoneBAdjust=\z@ - -\def\MakePage{% allocate space on this page for stack items - \global\ZoneBSize=\PageHeight - \global\TextSize=\ZoneBSize - \global\ZoneAFullPagefalse - \global\topskip=\TextLeading - \MakePageInCompletetrue - \MoreFigurestrue - \MoreTablestrue - \FigInZoneBfalse - \FigInZoneCfalse - \TabInZoneBfalse - \TabInZoneCfalse - \global\FirstSingleItemtrue - \global\FirstZoneAtrue - \global\setbox\ZoneABOX=\box\VOIDBOX - \global\setbox\ZoneBBOX=\box\VOIDBOX - \global\setbox\ZoneCBOX=\box\VOIDBOX - \loop - \ifMakePageInComplete - \FindNext - \ifnum\StackPointer=\m@ne - \NextItem=\m@ne - \MoreFiguresfalse - \MoreTablesfalse - \fi - \ifnum\NextItem=\Figure - \FindItem{\Figure}{\NextFigure} - \ifnum\StackPointer=\m@ne \global\MoreFiguresfalse - \else - \GetItemSPAN{\StackPointer} - \ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Single \def\Zone{\InZoneB}\relax - \ifFigInZoneC \global\MoreFiguresfalse\fi - \else - \def\Zone{\InZoneA} - \ifFigInZoneB \def\Zone{\InZoneC}\fi - \fi - \fi - \ifMoreFigures\Print{}\FigureItems\fi - \fi -\ifnum\NextItem=\Table - \FindItem{\Table}{\NextTable} - \ifnum\StackPointer=\m@ne \global\MoreTablesfalse - \else - \GetItemSPAN{\StackPointer} - \ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Single\relax - \ifTabInZoneC \global\MoreTablesfalse\fi - \else - \def\Zone{\InZoneA} - \ifTabInZoneB \def\Zone{\InZoneC}\fi - \fi - \fi - \ifMoreTables\Print{}\TableItems\fi - \fi - \MakePageInCompletefalse % assume page is complete - \ifMoreFigures\MakePageInCompletetrue\fi - \ifMoreTables\MakePageInCompletetrue\fi - \repeat -%\Print{TextSize=\the\TextSize} -%\Print{ZoneBSize=\the\ZoneBSize} - \ifZoneAFullPage - \global\TextSize=\z@ - \global\ZoneBSize=\z@ - \global\vsize=\z@\relax - \global\topskip=\z@\relax - \vbox to \z@{\vss} - \eject - \else - \global\advance\ZoneBSize by -\ZoneBAdjust - \global\vsize=\ZoneBSize - \global\hsize=\ColumnWidth - \global\ZoneBAdjust=\z@ - \ifdim\TextSize<23pt - \Warn{} - \Warn{* Making column fall short: TextSize=\the\TextSize *} - \vskip-\lastskip\eject\fi - \fi -} - -\def\MakeRightCol{% allocate space for the right column of text - \global\TextSize=\ZoneBSize - \MakePageInCompletetrue - \MoreFigurestrue - \MoreTablestrue - \global\FirstSingleItemtrue - \global\setbox\ZoneBBOX=\box\VOIDBOX - \def\Zone{\InZoneB} - \loop - \ifMakePageInComplete - \FindNext - \ifnum\StackPointer=\m@ne - \NextItem=\m@ne - \MoreFiguresfalse - \MoreTablesfalse - \fi - \ifnum\NextItem=\Figure - \FindItem{\Figure}{\NextFigure} - \ifnum\StackPointer=\m@ne \MoreFiguresfalse - \else - \GetItemSPAN{\StackPointer} - \ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Double\relax - \MoreFiguresfalse\fi - \fi - \ifMoreFigures\Print{}\FigureItems\fi - \fi - \ifnum\NextItem=\Table - \FindItem{\Table}{\NextTable} - \ifnum\StackPointer=\m@ne \MoreTablesfalse - \else - \GetItemSPAN{\StackPointer} - \ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Double\relax - \MoreTablesfalse\fi - \fi - \ifMoreTables\Print{}\TableItems\fi - \fi - \MakePageInCompletefalse % assume page is complete - \ifMoreFigures\MakePageInCompletetrue\fi - \ifMoreTables\MakePageInCompletetrue\fi - \repeat - \ifZoneAFullPage - \global\TextSize=\z@ - \global\ZoneBSize=\z@ - \global\vsize=\z@\relax - \global\topskip=\z@\relax - \vbox to \z@{\vss} - \eject - \else - \global\vsize=\ZoneBSize - \global\hsize=\ColumnWidth - \ifdim\TextSize<23pt - \Warn{} - \Warn{* Making column fall short: TextSize=\the\TextSize *} - \vskip-\lastskip\eject\fi -\fi -} - -\def\FigureItems{% Stack pointer points to next figure - \Print{Considering...} - \ShowItem{\StackPointer} - \GetItemBOX{\StackPointer} % auto calculates ItemSIZE - \GetItemSPAN{\StackPointer} - \CheckFitInZone % check to see if item fits - \ifnum\ItemFits=\Yes - \ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Single - \ChangeStatus{\StackPointer}{\InZoneB} % flag to be output - \global\FigInZoneBtrue - \ifFirstSingleItem - \hbox{}\vskip-\BodgeHeight - \global\advance\ItemSIZE by \TextLeading - \fi - \unvbox\ItemBOX\ItemSep - \global\FirstSingleItemfalse - \global\advance\TextSize by -\ItemSIZE% allocate space - \global\advance\TextSize by -\TextLeading - \else - \ifFirstZoneA - \global\advance\ItemSIZE by \TextLeading - \global\FirstZoneAfalse\fi - \global\advance\TextSize by -\ItemSIZE - \global\advance\TextSize by -\TextLeading - \global\advance\ZoneBSize by -\ItemSIZE - \global\advance\ZoneBSize by -\TextLeading - \ifFigInZoneB\relax - \else - \ifdim\TextSize<3\TextLeading - \global\ZoneAFullPagetrue - \fi - \fi - \ChangeStatus{\StackPointer}{\Zone} - \ifnum\Zone=\InZoneC \global\FigInZoneCtrue\fi - \fi - \Print{TextSize=\the\TextSize} - \Print{ZoneBSize=\the\ZoneBSize} - \global\advance\NextFigure \@ne - \Print{This figure has been placed.} - \else - \Print{No space available for this figure...holding over.} - \Print{} - \global\MoreFiguresfalse - \fi -} - -\def\TableItems{% Stack pointer points to next table - \Print{Considering...} - \ShowItem{\StackPointer} - \GetItemBOX{\StackPointer} % auto calculates ItemSIZE - \GetItemSPAN{\StackPointer} - \CheckFitInZone % check to see of item fits in Zone - \ifnum\ItemFits=\Yes - \ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Single - \ChangeStatus{\StackPointer}{\InZoneB} - \global\TabInZoneBtrue - \ifFirstSingleItem - \hbox{}\vskip-\BodgeHeight - \global\advance\ItemSIZE by \TextLeading - \fi - \unvbox\ItemBOX\ItemSep - \global\FirstSingleItemfalse - \global\advance\TextSize by -\ItemSIZE - \global\advance\TextSize by -\TextLeading - \else - \ifFirstZoneA - \global\advance\ItemSIZE by \TextLeading - \global\FirstZoneAfalse\fi - \global\advance\TextSize by -\ItemSIZE - \global\advance\TextSize by -\TextLeading - \global\advance\ZoneBSize by -\ItemSIZE - \global\advance\ZoneBSize by -\TextLeading - \ifFigInZoneB\relax - \else - \ifdim\TextSize<3\TextLeading - \global\ZoneAFullPagetrue - \fi - \fi - \ChangeStatus{\StackPointer}{\Zone} - \ifnum\Zone=\InZoneC \global\TabInZoneCtrue\fi - \fi -% \Print{TextSize=\the\TextSize} -% \Print{ZoneBSize=\the\ZoneBSize} - \global\advance\NextTable \@ne - \Print{This table has been placed.} - \else - \Print{No space available for this table...holding over.} - \Print{} - \global\MoreTablesfalse - \fi -} - -% These macros check to see if an item of ItemSIZE will -% fit in a particular zone. If it will, then ItemFits -% will be set true else false. - -\def\CheckFitInZone{% -{\advance\TextSize by -\ItemSIZE - \advance\TextSize by -\TextLeading - \ifFirstSingleItem - \advance\TextSize by \TextLeading - \fi - \ifnum\Zone=\InZoneA\relax - \else \advance\TextSize by -\ZoneBAdjust - \fi - \ifdim\TextSize<3\TextLeading \global\ItemFits=\No - \else \global\ItemFits=\Yes\fi} -} - -\def\BeginOpening{% - % start 9pt a.s.a.p. so that \New.. commands get a chance to init. - \ninepoint - \thispagestyle{titlepage}% - \global\setbox\ItemBOX=\vbox\bgroup% - \hsize=\PageWidth% - \hrule height \z@ - \ifsinglecol\vskip 6pt\fi % Bodge, to get same pos. as two-column! -} - -\let\begintopmatter=\BeginOpening % alias for \BeginOpening - -\def\EndOpening{% - \One% 1 line fixed space below opening - \egroup - \ifsinglecol - \box\ItemBOX% - \vskip\TextLeading plus 2\TextLeading% var. space: min 1, max 3 lines - \@noafterindent - \else - \ItemNUMBER=\z@% - \ItemTYPE=\Figure - \ItemSPAN=\Double - \ItemSTATUS=\InStack - \JoinStack - \fi -} - - -% Figures - -\newif\if@here \@herefalse - -\def\no@float{\global\@heretrue} -\let\nofloat=\relax % only enabled for one column - -\def\beginfigure{% - \@ifstar{\global\@dfloattrue \@bfigure}{\global\@dfloatfalse \@bfigure}% -} - -\def\@bfigure#1{% - \par - \if@dfloat - \ItemSPAN=\Double - \TEMPDIMEN=\PageWidth - \else - \ItemSPAN=\Single - \TEMPDIMEN=\ColumnWidth - \fi - \ifsinglecol - \TEMPDIMEN=\PageWidth - \else - \ItemSTATUS=\InStack - \ItemNUMBER=#1% - \ItemTYPE=\Figure - \fi - \bgroup - \hsize=\TEMPDIMEN - \global\setbox\ItemBOX=\vbox\bgroup - \eightpoint\nostb@ls{10pt}% - \let\caption=\fig@caption - \ifsinglecol \let\nofloat=\no@float\fi -} - -\def\fig@caption#1{% - \vskip 5.5pt plus 6pt% - \bgroup % grouping and size change needed for plate pages - \eightpoint\nostb@ls{10pt}% - \setbox\TEMPBOX=\hbox{#1}% - \ifdim\wd\TEMPBOX>\TEMPDIMEN - \noindent \unhbox\TEMPBOX\par - \else - \hbox to \hsize{\hfil\unhbox\TEMPBOX\hfil}% - \fi - \egroup -} - -\def\endfigure{% - \par\egroup % end \vbox - \egroup - \ifsinglecol - \if@here \midinsert\global\@herefalse\else \topinsert\fi - \unvbox\ItemBOX - \endinsert - \else - \JoinStack - \Print{Processing source for figure \the\ItemNUMBER}% - \fi -} - - -% Tables - -\newbox\tab@cap@box -\def\tab@caption#1{\global\setbox\tab@cap@box=\hbox{#1\par}} - -\newtoks\tab@txt@toks -\long\def\tab@txt#1{\global\tab@txt@toks={#1}\global\table@txttrue} - -\newif\iftable@txt \table@txtfalse -\newif\if@dfloat \@dfloatfalse - -\def\begintable{% - \@ifstar{\global\@dfloattrue \@btable}{\global\@dfloatfalse \@btable}% -} - -\def\@btable#1{% - \par - \if@dfloat - \ItemSPAN=\Double - \TEMPDIMEN=\PageWidth - \else - \ItemSPAN=\Single - \TEMPDIMEN=\ColumnWidth - \fi - \ifsinglecol - \TEMPDIMEN=\PageWidth - \else - \ItemSTATUS=\InStack - \ItemNUMBER=#1% - \ItemTYPE=\Table - \fi - \bgroup - \eightpoint\nostb@ls{10pt}% - \global\setbox\ItemBOX=\vbox\bgroup - \let\caption=\tab@caption - \let\tabletext=\tab@txt - \ifsinglecol \let\nofloat=\no@float\fi -} - -\def\endtable{% - \par\egroup % end \vbox - \egroup - \setbox\TEMPBOX=\hbox to \TEMPDIMEN{% - \eightpoint\nostb@ls{10pt}% - \hss - \vbox{% - \hsize=\wd\ItemBOX - \ifvoid\tab@cap@box - \else - \noindent\unhbox\tab@cap@box - \vskip 5.5pt plus 6pt% - \fi - \box\ItemBOX - \iftable@txt - \vskip 10pt% - \noindent\the\tab@txt@toks - \global\table@txtfalse - \fi - }% - \hss - }% - \ifsinglecol - \if@here \midinsert\global\@herefalse\else \topinsert\fi - \box\TEMPBOX - \endinsert - \else - \global\setbox\ItemBOX=\box\TEMPBOX - \JoinStack - \Print{Processing source for table \the\ItemNUMBER}% - \fi -} - - -\def\UnloadZoneA{% -\FirstZoneAtrue - \Iteration=\z@ - \loop - \ifnum\Iteration<\LengthOfStack - \GetItemSTATUS{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemSTATUS=\InZoneA - \GetItemBOX{\Iteration} - \ifFirstZoneA \vbox to \BodgeHeight{\vfil}% - \FirstZoneAfalse\fi - \unvbox\ItemBOX\ItemSep - \LeaveStack{\Iteration} - \else - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \fi - \repeat -} - -\def\UnloadZoneC{% -\Iteration=\z@ - \loop - \ifnum\Iteration<\LengthOfStack - \GetItemSTATUS{\Iteration} - \ifnum\ItemSTATUS=\InZoneC - \GetItemBOX{\Iteration} - \ItemSep\unvbox\ItemBOX - \LeaveStack{\Iteration} - \else - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \fi - \repeat -} - - -%--------------------------------------------------------% -% DIAGNOSTICS % -%--------------------------------------------------------% - -\def\ShowItem#1{% Show details of on item entry in stack - {\GetItemAll{#1} - \Print{\the#1: - {TYPE=\ifnum\ItemTYPE=\Figure Figure\else Table\fi} - {NUMBER=\the\ItemNUMBER} - {SPAN=\ifnum\ItemSPAN=\Single Single\else Double\fi} - {SIZE=\the\ItemSIZE}}} -} - -\def\ShowStack{% - \Print{} - \Print{LengthOfStack = \the\LengthOfStack} - \ifnum\LengthOfStack=\z@ \Print{Stack is empty}\fi - \Iteration=\z@ - \loop - \ifnum\Iteration<\LengthOfStack - \ShowItem{\Iteration} - \advance\Iteration \@ne - \repeat -} - -\def\B#1#2{% -\hbox{\vrule\kern-0.4pt\vbox to #2{% -\hrule width #1\vfill\hrule}\kern-0.4pt\vrule} -} - - -%-------------------------------------------------------% -% SINGLE COLUMN OUTPUT ROUTINE % -%-------------------------------------------------------% - -\newif\ifsinglecol \singlecolfalse - -\def\onecolumn{% - \global\output={\singlecoloutput}% - \global\hsize=\PageWidth - \global\vsize=\PageHeight - \global\ColumnWidth=\hsize - \global\TextLeading=12pt - \global\Leading=12 - \global\singlecoltrue - \global\let\onecolumn=\relax% stop them using \onecolumn again - \global\let\footnote=\sing@footnote% enable footnotes - \global\let\vfootnote=\sing@vfootnote - \ninepoint % reset \baselineskip after leading change - \message{(Single column)}% -} - -\def\singlecoloutput{% - \shipout\vbox{\PageHead\pagebody\PageFoot}% - \advancepageno -% - \ifplate@page - \shipout\vbox{% - \sp@pagetrue - \def\sp@type{plate}% - \global\plate@pagefalse - \PageHead\vbox to \PageHeight{\unvbox\plt@box\vfil}\PageFoot% - }% - \message{[plate]}% - \advancepageno - \fi -% - \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@MM \else\dosupereject\fi% -} - -\def\ItemSep{\vskip\ItemSepamount\relax} - -\def\ItemSepbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\ItemSepamount - \removelastskip\penalty-200\ItemSep\fi% -} - -% Modify plain's \endinsert so that the mn's spacing is used - -\let\@@endinsert=\endinsert % save plain's original \endinsert - -\def\endinsert{\egroup % finish the \vbox - \if@mid \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@\dp\z@ \advance\dimen@12\p@ - \advance\dimen@\pagetotal \advance\dimen@-\pageshrink - \ifdim\dimen@>\pagegoal\@midfalse\p@gefalse\fi\fi - \if@mid \ItemSep\box\z@\ItemSepbreak - \else\insert\topins{\penalty100 % floating insertion - \splittopskip\z@skip - \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty\z@ - \ifp@ge \dimen@\dp\z@ - \vbox to\vsize{\unvbox\z@\kern-\dimen@}% depth is zero - \else \box\z@\nobreak\ItemSep\fi}\fi\endgroup% -} - - -% Footnotes (only enabled in single column) - -\def\gobbleone#1{} -\def\gobbletwo#1#2{} -\let\footnote=\gobbletwo % Gobble footnote's unless enabled by \onecolumn -\let\vfootnote=\gobbleone - -\def\sing@footnote#1{\let\@sf\empty % parameter #2 (the text) is read later - \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi - \hbox{$^{\hbox{\eightpoint #1}}$}\@sf\sing@vfootnote{#1}% -} - -\def\sing@vfootnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup\eightpoint\b@ls{9pt}% - \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty - \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes - \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM - \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip - \noindent $^{\scriptstyle\hbox{#1}}$\hskip 4pt% - \footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t% -} - -% Kill footnote rule -\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@ \hrule height \z@ \kern 3\p@} - -\skip\footins=19.5pt plus 12pt minus 1pt -\count\footins=1000 -\dimen\footins=\maxdimen - - -% Landscape - -\def\landscape{% - \global\TEMPDIMEN=\PageWidth - \global\PageWidth=\PageHeight - \global\PageHeight=\TEMPDIMEN - \global\let\landscape=\relax% stop them using \landscape again. - \onecolumn - \message{(landscape)}% - \raggedbottom -} - - -%-------------------------------------------------------% -% TWO COLUMN OUTPUT ROUTINE % -%-------------------------------------------------------% - -\output{% - \ifLeftCOL - \global\setbox\LeftBOX=\vbox to \ZoneBSize{\box255\unvbox\ZoneBBOX}% - \global\LeftCOLfalse - \MakeRightCol - \else - \setbox\RightBOX=\vbox to \ZoneBSize{\box255\unvbox\ZoneBBOX}% - \setbox\MidBOX=\hbox{\box\LeftBOX\hskip\ColumnGap\box\RightBOX}% - \setbox\PageBOX=\vbox to \PageHeight{% - \UnloadZoneA\box\MidBOX\UnloadZoneC}% - \shipout\vbox{\PageHead\box\PageBOX\PageFoot}% - \advancepageno -% - \ifplate@page - \shipout\vbox{% - \sp@pagetrue - \def\sp@type{plate}% - \global\plate@pagefalse - \PageHead\vbox to \PageHeight{\unvbox\plt@box\vfil}\PageFoot% - }% - \message{[plate]}% - \advancepageno - \fi -% - \global\LeftCOLtrue - \CleanStack - \MakePage - \fi -} - - -% Startup message - -\Warn{\start@mess} - -\newif\ifCUPmtplainloaded % for use in documents -\ifprod@font - \global\CUPmtplainloadedtrue -\fi - -\def\mnmacrosloaded{} % so articles can see if a format file has been used. - -\catcode `\@=12 % @ signs are non-letters - -% \dump - -% end of mn.tex diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc index 6c36f031ae7..6e41e74715a 100644 --- a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc @@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ depend jpsj depend kluwer depend lps depend mentis -depend mnras depend muthesis depend nature depend nddiss diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/mnras.tlpsrc b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/mnras.tlpsrc deleted file mode 100644 index 2ade871a35f..00000000000 --- a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/mnras.tlpsrc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -name mnras -category Package |