diff options
| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2008-08-07 18:24:39 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2008-08-07 18:24:39 +0000 |
| commit | 04090cf2a1f7b8abd369b3fb944199b902599342 (patch) | |
| tree | 16b8660adca27757eb19769a536d936aeb109499 /Master | |
| parent | c07533ee14074459c9f4aec42036b5cb4e12d613 (diff) | |
updates of texinfo manuals
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@10145 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master')
25 files changed, 17077 insertions, 14169 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html b/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html index 3d2347dcc94..6224cf78c7f 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <title>A DVI-to-PNG translator</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="A DVI-to-PNG translator"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> <p>This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics). - <p>This file documents dvipng version 1.9 + <p>This file documents dvipng version 1.11 <p>Corrections or perhaps rewrites of sections are <em>very welcome</em>. @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics). <li><a accesskey="6" href="#Color">Color</a>: Using color with dvipng <li><a accesskey="7" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>: Problems? <li><a accesskey="8" href="#Credits">Credits</a>: People who have contributed -<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Copying">Copying</a>: GNU General Public License +<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Copying">Copying</a>: GNU Lesser General Public License <li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: General index </ul> @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> from TeX and its relatives. <p>If GIF support is enabled, GIF output is chosen by using the -`<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>' binary or with the `<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>' option. +‘<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>’ binary or with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>’ option. <p>It is intended to produce anti-aliased screen-resolution images as fast as is possible. The target audience is people who need to generate and @@ -128,10 +128,15 @@ homework problems to students over the internet, giving students instant feedback as to whether or not their answers are correct, see <a href="http://webwork.math.rochester.edu">http://webwork.math.rochester.edu</a>. + <p>A more recent addition to the dvipng-using applications out there is +MediaWiki, the software behind Wikipedia and many other wikis out +there. Dvipng is used to render mathematical formulae from version +1.8.0 of MediaWiki, see <a href="http://www.mediawiki.org">http://www.mediawiki.org</a>. + <p>Other applications may also benefit, like web applications as latex2html and WYSIWYG editors like LyX. - <p>The benefits of `<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>'/`<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>' include + <p>The benefits of ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>’/‘<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>’ include <ul> <li>Speed. It is a very fast bitmap-rendering code for DVI files, which @@ -139,7 +144,7 @@ makes it suitable for generating large amounts of images on-the-fly, as needed in preview-latex, WeBWorK and others. <li>It does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX -finishes. There is a `<samp><span class="samp">--follow</span></samp>' switch that makes dvipng wait at +finishes. There is a ‘<samp><span class="samp">--follow</span></samp>’ switch that makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for further output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the end of the DVI. @@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <!-- install.texi --> <!-- Part of the dvipng distribution --> <!-- --> -<p>Installing dvipng should be simple: merely <code>./configure</code>, + <p>Installing dvipng should be simple: merely <code>./configure</code>, <code>make</code>, and <code>make install</code>. <ul class="menu"> @@ -196,10 +201,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <ul> <li>The GD Graphics Draw library, libgd - <p>The drawing library `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>' is necessary, and is downloadable at + <p>The drawing library ‘<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>’ is necessary, and is downloadable at <a href="http://www.boutell.com/gd">http://www.boutell.com/gd</a>, and there are binary packages for most operating systems from their respective distributors. In any -case, the latest version of the library installs using `<samp><span class="samp">autoconf</span></samp>' +case, the latest version of the library installs using ‘<samp><span class="samp">autoconf</span></samp>’ so it should not be difficult for you to install it from source, and then proceed with installing dvipng. @@ -212,25 +217,28 @@ I have no experience with this, so I cannot help much here. <li>The font-rendering library FreeType 2 - <p>While not strictly necessary, FreeType 2 is recommended since dvipng -currently will produce better-quality images with this library -available. It will also enable direct support for PostScript and -TrueType fonts, and subfont support in dvipng. That is, if you want to -render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have FreeType 2 installed. -With FreeType 2, dvipng will not need to generate bitmapped variants -on disk of the TeX fonts since modern TeX distributions include -PostScript versions of them. Then, you can render images at different -(and unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of -bitmapped fonts. + <p>While not strictly necessary, a recent FreeType 2 is recommended since +dvipng currently will produce better-quality images when this library is +available. To take advantage of this, you should have at least FreeType +2.1.9. + + <p>FreeType 2 will enable direct support for PostScript and TrueType fonts, +so that dvipng will not need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of +the TeX fonts since modern TeX distributions include PostScript +versions of them. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual) +resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. + + <p>Finally, it will enable subfont support in dvipng. That is, if you want +to render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have FreeType 2 installed. <li>The font-rendering library T1lib <p>An alternative to FreeType 2 is T1lib, but this will enable only -PostScript fonts in dvipng, and will not include subfont support. Also +PostScript fonts in dvipng and will not include subfont support. Also here, you can render images at different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. If both FreeType 2 and T1lib are present, FreeType will be internally -preferred by dvipng, but T1lib can be chosen at runtime. +preferred by dvipng but T1lib can be chosen at runtime. <li>libpng and libz @@ -341,8 +349,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> not be able to find virtual fonts, or the PostScript font maps (normally used by dvips). This may be because <em>only</em> $SELFAUTOLOC, $SELFAUTODIR, and $SELFAUTOPARENT are used in the texmf -tree configuration file `<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>'. If so, give the switch -`<samp><span class="samp">--enable-selfauto-set</span></samp>' to `<samp><span class="samp">./configure</span></samp>'. This will make +tree configuration file ‘<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>’. If so, give the switch +‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-selfauto-set</span></samp>’ to ‘<samp><span class="samp">./configure</span></samp>’. This will make dvipng adjust these three internally so that kpathsea thinks that dvipng <em>is</em> installed in the texmf tree. @@ -360,7 +368,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <p>Often people without system administration privileges want to install software for their private use. In that case you need to specify more options to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, usually this is done by using -the `<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>' option to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, and let it +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>’ option to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, and let it point to the personal home directory. In that way, resulting binaries will be installed under the <samp><span class="file">bin</span></samp> subdirectory of your home directory, manual pages under <samp><span class="file">man</span></samp> and so on. That way, it is @@ -439,9 +447,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line <h3 class="section">4.1 Option summary</h3> <p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-7"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run -dvipng with no arguments or with the standard `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' option. +dvipng with no arguments or with the standard ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ option. -<pre class="example"> This is ./dvipng 1.9 Copyright 2002-2006 Jan-Ake Larsson +<pre class="example"> This is ./dvipng 1.11 Copyright 2002-2008 Jan-Ake Larsson Usage: ./dvipng [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi] Options are chosen to be similar to dvips' options where possible: @@ -467,12 +475,16 @@ dvipng with no arguments or with the standard `<samp><span class="samp">--help</ --follow* Wait for data at end-of-file --freetype* FreeType font rendering (default on) --gamma # Control color interpolation + --gif Output GIF images (dvigif default) --height* Output the image height on stdout --noghostscript* Don't use ghostscript for PostScript specials --nogssafer* Don't use -dSAFER in ghostscript calls + --palette* Force palette output --picky When a warning occurs, don't output image + --png Output PNG images (dvipng default) --strict When a warning occurs, exit --t1lib* T1lib font rendering (default on) + --truecolor* Truecolor output -Q # Quality (T1lib and PK subsampling) -z # PNG compression level @@ -493,19 +505,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line <p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-8"></a><!-- man begin OPTIONS --> <p>Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by -suffixing the option with a zero (`<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>'); for instance, to turn off -page reversal, use `<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>'. Such options are marked with a trailing -`<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>'. +suffixing the option with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’); for instance, to turn off +page reversal, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>’. Such options are marked with a trailing +‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-9"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-10"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-9"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-10"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command line. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>'<dd>Print a usage message and exit. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’<dd>Print a usage message and exit. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>'<dd>Print the version number and exit. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’<dd>Print the version number and exit. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>num</var></samp>'<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>'<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bd '</span><var>num</var> <var>color_spec</var><span class="samp">'</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-transparent-border-width-11"></a><a name="index-transparent-border-fallback-color-12"></a>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>num</var></samp>’<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>’<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-bd '</span><var>num</var> <var>color_spec</var><span class="samp">'</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-transparent-border-width-11"></a><a name="index-transparent-border-fallback-color-12"></a>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this option will make the image edges transparent, but it only affects pixels with the background color. Giving a <var>color_spec</var> will set the fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency @@ -513,11 +525,11 @@ fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. Setting the fallback color makes the default border width 1 px. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13"></a>Set the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13"></a>Set the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var>num</var> dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary when manually selecting Metafont mode with the –mode option (see below). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14"></a>Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-bg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14"></a>Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if there is a background color \special in the DVI. The color spec should be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. You can also specify 'Transparent' or 'transparent' which will give you a @@ -529,57 +541,57 @@ suitable for viewers who cannot cope with a true alpha channel. GIF images do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of GIF output, both variants will use the latter behaviour. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-debugging-15"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-debugging-15"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will work unless dvipng has been compiled without the <code>DEBUG</code> option -(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use `<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>' as +(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>’ as the first option for maximum output. See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-output-resolution_002c-setting-16"></a>Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var>num</var> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-output-resolution_002c-setting-16"></a>Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var>num</var> dpi (dots per inch). <p>One may want to adjust this to fit a certain text font size (e.g., on a web page), and for a text font height of <var>font_px</var> pixels (in Mozilla) the correct formula is <pre class="example"> <var>dpi</var> = <var>font_px</var> * 72.27 / 10 [px * TeXpt/in / TeXpt] - </pre> +</pre> <p>The last division by ten is due to the standard font height 10pt in your document, if you use 12pt, divide by 12. Unfortunately, some proprietary browsers have font height in pt (points), not pixels. You have to rescale that to pixels, using the screen resolution (default is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is <pre class="example"> <var>font_px</var> = <var>font_pt</var> * 96 / 72 [pt * px/in / (pt/in)] - </pre> +</pre> <p>On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck! - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--depth*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-17"></a><a name="index-depth-reporting-18"></a>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the -LaTeX style <samp><span class="file">preview.sty</span></samp> from preview-latex is used. It -reports the number of pixels from the bottom of the image to the -baseline of the image. This can be used for vertical positioning of the -image in, e.g., web documents, where one would use (Cascading -StyleSheets 1) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--depth*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-17"></a><a name="index-depth-reporting-18"></a>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the +LaTeX style <samp><span class="file">preview.sty</span></samp> from preview-latex is used with +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">active</span></samp>’ option. It reports the number of pixels from the +bottom of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for +vertical positioning of the image in, e.g., web documents, where one +would use (Cascading StyleSheets 1) <pre class="example"> <IMG SRC="<var>filename.png</var>" STYLE="vertical-align: -<var>depth</var>px"> - </pre> +</pre> <p>The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is necessary, and the unit is pixels (px). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum*</span></samp>'<dd>Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page -numbers rather than the physical page number. See the `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' switch. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum*</span></samp>’<dd>Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page +numbers rather than the physical page number. See the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ switch. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-fg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029-19"></a>Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029-19"></a>Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if there is a foreground color \special in the DVI. The color spec should be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--follow*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-follow-mode-20"></a>Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--follow*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-follow-mode-20"></a>Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX finishes. This switch makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for further output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the end of the -DVI. This is similar to `<samp><span class="samp">tail -f</span></samp>' but for DVI-to-PNG conversion. +DVI. This is similar to ‘<samp><span class="samp">tail -f</span></samp>’ but for DVI-to-PNG conversion. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--freetype*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-FreeType-font-rendering-21"></a>Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--freetype*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-FreeType-font-rendering-21"></a>Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation time. If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript -Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using `<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>' +Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>’ for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer Modern installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of these. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual) @@ -588,84 +600,85 @@ Note that if you have both FreeType and T1lib on your system, FreeType will be preferred by dvipng. If you for some reason would want to use T1lib rendering, use this option. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--gamma </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-gamma-22"></a><a name="index-dark-fonts-23"></a><a name="index-light-fonts-24"></a><a name="index-fuzzy-images-25"></a>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--gamma </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-gamma-22"></a><a name="index-dark-fonts-23"></a><a name="index-light-fonts-24"></a><a name="index-fuzzy-images-25"></a>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing color palette. Default value is 1.0. For 0 < <var>num</var> < 1, the fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for <var>num</var> > 1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--gif*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-GIF-image-format-26"></a>The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is enabled. -This is the default for the `<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>' binary, which only will be + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--gif*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-GIF-image-format-26"></a>The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is enabled. +This is the default for the ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>’ binary, which only will be available when GIF support is enabled. GIF images are palette images -(see the `<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>' option) and does not support true alpha -channels (see the `<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>' option). See also the `<samp><span class="samp">--png</span></samp>' +(see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>’ option) and does not support true alpha +channels (see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>’ option). See also the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--png</span></samp>’ option. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--height*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-27"></a><a name="index-height-reporting-28"></a>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the -LaTeX style <samp><span class="file">preview.sty</span></samp> from preview-latex is used. It -reports the number of pixels from the top of the image to the -baseline of the image. The total height of the image is obtained as the -sum of the values reported from `<samp><span class="samp">--height</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">--depth</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--height*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-27"></a><a name="index-height-reporting-28"></a>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the +LaTeX style <samp><span class="file">preview.sty</span></samp> from preview-latex is used with +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">active</span></samp>’ option. It reports the number of pixels from the top +of the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the +image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from +‘<samp><span class="samp">--height</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--depth</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-last-page-printed-29"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-30"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-last-page-printed-29"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-30"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals -sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' option, if specified) +sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ option, if specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to -compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the DVI file. -Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>' will end with the ninth page of the document, +compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the DVI file. +Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>’ will end with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-33"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-34"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-33"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-34"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for path searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with the -base device resolution, given with the `<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi</span></samp>' option. See the +base device resolution, given with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi</span></samp>’ option. See the file <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode names for most devices. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-35"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-36"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi --> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-35"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-36"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi --> Turns off automatic PK font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>). This will have no effect when using PostScript fonts, since no PK font generation will be done anyway. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off-37"></a>This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying -PostScript specials. `<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript0</span></samp>' turns the call back on. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off-37"></a>This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying +PostScript specials. ‘<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript0</span></samp>’ turns the call back on. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER-38"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39"></a>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the -GhostScript interpreter is run with the option `<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>'. The -`<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer</span></samp>' option runs GhostScript without `<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>'. The -`<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>' option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER-38"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39"></a>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the +GhostScript interpreter is run with the option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>’. The +‘<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer</span></samp>’ option runs GhostScript without ‘<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>’. The +‘<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>’ option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from having any effect. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-40"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-41"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. A single occurrence of `<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">%01d</span></samp>', <small class="dots">...</small>, `<samp><span class="samp">%09d</span></samp>' will be exchanged for the physical -page number (this can be changed, see the `<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum</span></samp>' switch). The -default output filename is `<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">%d.png</span></samp>' where the input DVI -file was `<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-40"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-41"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. A single occurrence of ‘<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">%01d</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>, ‘<samp><span class="samp">%09d</span></samp>’ will be exchanged for the physical +page number (this can be changed, see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum</span></samp>’ switch). The +default output filename is ‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">%d.png</span></samp>’ where the input DVI +file was ‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-offset-pages-42"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-offset-pages-42"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated +pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’. <!-- (@pxref{papersize special}). --> The origin of the page is shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-first-page-printed-43"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-44"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-45"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-first-page-printed-43"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-44"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-45"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an -equals sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>' option, if +equals sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’ option, if specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than -a value to compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the -DVI file. Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>' will start with the third page of +a value to compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the +DVI file. Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>’ will start with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--palette*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-forcing-palette-output-47"></a>Starting from `<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>' 1.8, the output PNG will be a truecolor + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--palette*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-forcing-palette-output-47"></a>Starting from ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>’ 1.8, the output PNG will be a truecolor png when an external image is included, to avoid unnecessary delay and quality reduction, and enable the EPS translator to draw on a transparent background and outside of the boundingbox. This switch -will force palette (256-color) output and make `<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>' revert to +will force palette (256-color) output and make ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>’ revert to the old behaviour, where included images were opaque and always clipped to the boundingbox. This will also override the -`<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor</span></samp>' switch if present. +‘<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor</span></samp>’ switch if present. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--picky*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-no-erroneous-images-48"></a>No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--picky*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-no-erroneous-images-48"></a>No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you have a more complete but slower fallback converter. Mainly, this is @@ -673,89 +686,89 @@ useful for failed figure inclusion and unknown \special occurrences, but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown color specs and missing PK fonts. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--png*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-PNG-image-format-49"></a>The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for the -`<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>' binary. See also the `<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>' option. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--png*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-PNG-image-format-49"></a>The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for the +‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>’ binary. See also the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>’ option. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-page-range-50"></a>Print pages <var>firstpage</var> through <var>lastpage</var>; but not quite -equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>lastpage</var></samp>'. For example, + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-page-range-50"></a>Print pages <var>firstpage</var> through <var>lastpage</var>; but not quite +equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>lastpage</var></samp>’. For example, when rendering a book, there may be several instances of a page in the DVI file (one in <code>\frontmatter</code>, one in <code>\mainmatter</code>, and one -in <code>\backmatter</code>). In case of several pages matching, `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -</span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>' will render <em>all</em> pages that -matches the specified range, while `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l -</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>' will render the pages from the <em>first</em> occurrence +in <code>\backmatter</code>). In case of several pages matching, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp +</span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>’ will render <em>all</em> pages that +matches the specified range, while ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l +</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>’ will render the pages from the <em>first</em> occurrence of <var>firstpage</var> to the <em>first</em> occurrence of <var>lastpage</var>. This is the (undocumented) behaviour of dvips. In dvipng you can give both kinds of options, in which case you get all pages that matches the -range in `<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>' between the pages from `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' to `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'. Also -multiple `<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>' options accumulate, unlike `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'. -The `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>' separator can also be `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>'. Note that `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1</span></samp>' +range in ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>’ between the pages from ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’. Also +multiple ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>’ options accumulate, unlike ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’. +The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ separator can also be ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’. Note that ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1</span></samp>’ will be interpreted as "all pages up to and including 1", if you want a -page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1--1</span></samp>', -or more readable, `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1:-1</span></samp>'. +page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1--1</span></samp>’, +or more readable, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1:-1</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-quiet-operation-51"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-52"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-53"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-quiet-operation-51"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-52"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-53"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-Q </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-54"></a><a name="index-quality-55"></a>Set the quality to <var>num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Q </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-54"></a><a name="index-quality-55"></a>Set the quality to <var>num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing levels for PK and T1lib rendering to be <var>num</var>*<var>num</var>+1. The default value is 4 which gives 17 levels of antialiasing for antialiased fonts from these two. If FreeType is available, its rendering is unaffected by this option. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-reverse-pagination-56"></a>Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-reverse-pagination-56"></a>Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first page in the DVI is output first. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--strict*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-exit-on-erroneous-images-57"></a>The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--strict*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-exit-on-erroneous-images-57"></a>The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you have a more -complete but slower fallback converter. See the `<samp><span class="samp">--picky</span></samp>' option +complete but slower fallback converter. See the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--picky</span></samp>’ option above for a list of when warnings occur. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>image_size</var></samp>'<dd>Set the image size to <var>image_size</var> which can be either of -`<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>', or a comma-separated pair of dimensions -<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var> such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,.3cm</span></samp>'. The default is -`<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>' which produces a PNG that includes all ink put on the page + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>image_size</var></samp>’<dd>Set the image size to <var>image_size</var> which can be either of +‘<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>’, or a comma-separated pair of dimensions +<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var> such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,.3cm</span></samp>’. The default is +‘<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>’ which produces a PNG that includes all ink put on the page and in addition the DVI origin, located 1in from the top and 1in from the left edge of the paper. This usually gives whitespace above and to -the left in the produced image. The value `<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>' will make dvipng +the left in the produced image. The value ‘<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>’ will make dvipng only include all ink put on the page, producing neat images. <!-- (@pxref{papersize special}). --> <!-- This option overrides any papersize special in the DVI file. --> - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--t1lib*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-T1lib-font-rendering-58"></a>Enable/disable T1lib font rendering (default on). This option is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--t1lib*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-T1lib-font-rendering-58"></a>Enable/disable T1lib font rendering (default on). This option is available if the T1lib font library was present at compilation time. If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript Type1 -fonts internally, rather than using `<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>' for rendering the +fonts internally, rather than using ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>’ for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer Modern installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of these. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. Note that if you have both FreeType and T1lib on your system FreeType will be preferred by dvipng, and if you for some reason rather want to use -T1lib, give the option `<samp><span class="samp">--freetype0</span></samp>' (see above). +T1lib, give the option ‘<samp><span class="samp">--freetype0</span></samp>’ (see above). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-truecolor-output-59"></a>This will make `<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>' generate truecolor output. Note that + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-truecolor-output-59"></a>This will make ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>’ generate truecolor output. Note that truecolor output is automatic if you include an external image in your -DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the `<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>' package). This switch is overridden by the -`<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>' switch. +DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>’ package). This switch is overridden by the +‘<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>’ switch. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-v*</span></samp>'<dd>Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v*</span></samp>’<dd>Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts is used, in addition to the usual output. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-60"></a>Set the x magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-60"></a>Set the x magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and 100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an integer, for increased precision. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-z </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-compression-61"></a>Set the PNG compression level to <var>num</var>. This option is enabled if -your `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>' is new enough. The default compression level is 1, + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-z </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-compression-61"></a>Set the PNG compression level to <var>num</var>. This option is enabled if +your ‘<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>’ is new enough. The default compression level is 1, which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs. For an -older `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>', the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The include file -`<samp><span class="samp">png.h</span></samp>' says +older ‘<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>’, the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The include file +‘<samp><span class="samp">png.h</span></samp>’ says <blockquote> Currently, valid values range from 0 - 9, corresponding directly to the zlib compression levels 0 - 9 (0 - no compression, 9 - "maximal" @@ -778,10 +791,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">5 Graphics</h2> -<p>`<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>' attempts to handle graphics as included by the -`<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' packages, without the need of +<p>‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>’ attempts to handle graphics as included by the +‘<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>’ packages, without the need of specifying a driver to these packages. This means that it recognizes -the encapsulated postscript inclusion meant for `<samp><span class="samp">dvips</span></samp>', but is +the encapsulated postscript inclusion meant for ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvips</span></samp>’, but is also able (from version 1.8) to include bitmapped graphics, see the details below. @@ -808,18 +821,18 @@ foreground on the PNG. Of course, if the image is to be cropped, that is done. The included image will be a truecolor image, so for maximum performance the output PNG will be in truecolor mode as well. - <p>This conversion needs the `<samp><span class="samp">pngalpha</span></samp>' output device to be present + <p>This conversion needs the ‘<samp><span class="samp">pngalpha</span></samp>’ output device to be present in your copy of GhostScript. If that device is not present, or you use -the `<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>' switch or request GIF output, the fallback is to -use the `<samp><span class="samp">png16m</span></samp>' device to produce a cropped opaque image for -inclusion. Other relevant switches are `<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer</span></samp>'. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>’ switch or request GIF output, the fallback is to +use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">png16m</span></samp>’ device to produce a cropped opaque image for +inclusion. Other relevant switches are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. <p><a name="index-PostScript-inclusion-problems-62"></a>The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding box. Complain to whoever wrote the software that generated the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect. An adjusted -boundingbox can be specified in the `<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>' call, as -in this example (using `<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>'): +boundingbox can be specified in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>’ call, as +in this example (using ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>’): <pre class="example"> \includegraphics[bb=10 20 100 200]{imagename.eps} </pre> @@ -834,10 +847,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a> <h3 class="section">5.2 Bitmapped graphics</h3> <p>dvipng can include PNG, JPEG and GIF graphics. When including such -images via `<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>' you need to specify the bounding +images via ‘<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>’ you need to specify the bounding box since TeX itself cannot read them from the files in question. -The bounding box size should be given as `<samp><span class="samp">0 0 w h</span></samp>' in pixels, -e.g., if the file `<samp><span class="samp">imagename.png</span></samp>' is 300x400 pixels, the +The bounding box size should be given as ‘<samp><span class="samp">0 0 w h</span></samp>’ in pixels, +e.g., if the file ‘<samp><span class="samp">imagename.png</span></samp>’ is 300x400 pixels, the inclusion would read <pre class="example"> \includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400]{imagename.png} @@ -867,9 +880,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">6 Color</h2> -<p>To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials. These -specials start with the keyword `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' or the keyword -`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>', followed by a color specification. +<p>To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials as +generated by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>’ style files. These +specials start with the keyword ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ or the keyword +‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’, followed by a color specification. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a> @@ -888,23 +902,23 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <p><a name="index-color-specifications-63"></a> The color specification supported by dvipng is by-value or by-name. The -by-value spec starts with the name of a color model (one of `<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">cmy</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>', or `<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>') followed by the +by-value spec starts with the name of a color model (one of ‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmy</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>’) followed by the appropriate number of parameters. Thus, the color specification -`<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>' would correspond to the color that is `<samp><span class="samp">0.3 -0.4 0.5</span></samp>' in its red, blue and green values. The color model used -internally in dvipng is `<samp><span class="samp">RGB</span></samp>' (discretized to 256 levels), for -details on the formulas used in conversion, see the `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>' +‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>’ would correspond to the color that is ‘<samp><span class="samp">0.3 +0.4 0.5</span></samp>’ in its red, blue and green values. The color model used +internally in dvipng is ‘<samp><span class="samp">RGB</span></samp>’ (discretized to 256 levels), for +details on the formulas used in conversion, see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>’ documentation. <p>By-name color specifications are single (case-dependent) words and are -compared with color names defined in `<samp><span class="samp">dvipsnam.def</span></samp>' (from the -`<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' bundle), `<samp><span class="samp">svgnam.def</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor.sty</span></samp>' (from -the `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>' bundle). See the `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>' documentation for a +compared with color names defined in ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvipsnam.def</span></samp>’ (from the +‘<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>’ bundle), ‘<samp><span class="samp">svgnam.def</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">xcolor.sty</span></samp>’ (from +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>’ bundle). See the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>’ documentation for a list of names and the corresponding colors. - <p>On the command-line, the name `<samp><span class="samp">Transparent</span></samp>' can also be used as -an argument to `<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>' to choose transparent background. + <p>On the command-line, the name ‘<samp><span class="samp">Transparent</span></samp>’ can also be used as +an argument to ‘<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>’ to choose transparent background. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. <div class="node"> @@ -917,25 +931,25 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <h3 class="section">6.2 Color specials</h3> -<p>We will describe `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' first, since it is the simplest. The -`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' keyword must be followed by a color specification. +<p>We will describe ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ first, since it is the simplest. The +‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ keyword must be followed by a color specification. That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. The -last `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' special on a page is the one that gets used, and +last ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ special on a page is the one that gets used, and is used for the whole of the page image. (This is possible because the prescan phase of dvipng notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.) - <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special itself has three forms. The first is just -`<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' followed by a color specification. In this case, the + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special itself has three forms. The first is just +‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. In this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty when such a command is executed. - <p>The second form is `<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>' followed by a color specification. + <p>The second form is ‘<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to set a color. - <p>The final form of the `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special is just `<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>', + <p>The final form of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>’, with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be that color. @@ -1000,7 +1014,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble <h3 class="section">7.2 Debug options</h3> -<p>The `<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>' flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors. The +<p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’ flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors. The parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages, simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track @@ -1055,7 +1069,7 @@ Longstreet, Bernhard Simon, Bob McElrath, Georg Schwarz, Jason Farmer, Brian V. Smith, Samuel Hathaway, Thomas R. Shemanske, Stephen Gibson, Christian Ridderström, Ezra Peisach, William H Wheeler, Thomas Klausner, Harald Koenig, Adrian Bunk, Kevin Smith, Jason Riedy, -Wolfram Krause, and Reinhard Kotucha. +Wolfram Krause, Reinhard Kotucha, and Takeshi Abe. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -1068,26 +1082,25 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">9 Copying</h2> -<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or -modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License -as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 -of the License, or (at your option) any later version. +<p>This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as +published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the +License, or (at your option) any later version. - <p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -GNU General Public License for more details. + <p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +Lesser General Public License for more details. - <p>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software -Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA -02110-1301 USA. + <p>You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public +License along with this program. If not, see +<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. <pre class="sp"> </pre> -Copyright © 2002-2006 Jan-Åke Larsson +Copyright © 2002-2008 Jan-Åke Larsson <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -1101,8 +1114,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <ul class="index-cp" compact> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39">-dSAFER</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-54">antialiasing levels<span class="roman">, number of</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14">background color (option)</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13">base resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> @@ -1148,8 +1161,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-page-range-50">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-44">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-30">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-45">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-45">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PNG-image-format-49">PNG image format</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-inclusion-problems-62">PostScript inclusion problems</a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="#index-problems-64">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..019033d132d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html index e093bb0036e..6112c321935 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.html @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ <title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- -This manual documents Dvips version 5.96 -(January 2007), a program to translate a DVI file into +This manual documents Dvips version 5.97 +(July 2008), a program to translate a DVI file into PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <style type="text/css"><!-- @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Paper-size-and-landscape" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special</a> +<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special</a> <li><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a> <li><a href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a> </li></ul> @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> <li><a href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a> <li><a href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a> </li></ul> -<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 `<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>' special</a> +<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>’ special</a> <li><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a> <li><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a> </li></ul> @@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> <li><a href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a> <ul> <li><a href="#_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</a> -<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' special</a> -<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' <code>\special</code></a> +<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special</a> +<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code></a> <li><a href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a> <li><a href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a> </li></ul> @@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.--> <ul> <li><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>': Changing TeX encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>': Changing PostScript encodings</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>': Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a> +<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</a> +<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</a> +<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a> <li><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a> <li><a href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a> </li></ul> @@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Dvips</h2> -<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.96 -(January 2007), a program to translate a DVI file into +<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.97 +(July 2008), a program to translate a DVI file into PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. <ul class="menu"> @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ get Type 1 font files for the standard 35 fonts from HP, if the freely available URW Type 1's do not satisfy for whatever reason. The phone number for HP Printer Drivers is (in the United States) 303-339-7009. The driver set to ask for is Adobe Type Manager 2.51, and the disk set -number is `<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>'. Mentioning anything other than Microsoft +number is ‘<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>’. Mentioning anything other than Microsoft Windows when you ask for the driver set will likely lead to great confusion on the other end. @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ General Public License, free to everyone. You can get that from <p><a name="index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40"></a><a name="index-ghostview-41"></a><a name="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42"></a><a name="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43"></a><a name="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"></a>The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.). It requires Ghostscript to run, and files in structured Postscript, -specifically with `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>' comments (no `<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>' in +specifically with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’ comments (no ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’ in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>). You can get Ghostview from the same places as Ghostscript. @@ -495,6 +495,11 @@ yourself in such a situation. <p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems, and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>. + <p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable +<samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>, which will display any configuration and map files +read by Dvips. This way you can be sure it's finding the files and +settings you expect. + <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>: Getting diagnostics. <li><a accesskey="2" href="#No-output">No output</a>: No output at all. @@ -515,7 +520,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble <h4 class="subsection">2.4.1 Debug options</h4> <p><a name="index-debugging-options-49"></a><a name="index-options_002c-debugging-50"></a> -The `<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>' flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. The +The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’ flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. The parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages, simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track @@ -524,6 +529,9 @@ track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>. Another useful value is <code>3650</code>, which tracks everything having to do with file searching and opening. + <p>You can also set the environment variable <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to any +of these values. + <p>Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). @@ -558,12 +566,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble <p><a name="index-output_002c-none-51"></a><a name="index-no-output-at-all-52"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53"></a> If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest -one-character file (for instance, `<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>'), then something is very +one-character file (for instance, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>’), then something is very wrong. Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error occurred, if any. Talk to your system administrator about downloading a PostScript error handler. (Adobe distributes a good one called -`<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>'.) +‘<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>’.) <a name="index-ehandler_002eps-54"></a> <a name="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55"></a><a name="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56"></a><a name="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57"></a>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that your PostScript interpreter is broken. Even then it should generate an @@ -579,7 +587,7 @@ broken. Try using the debug options to determine where the error occurred (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). <p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the -structured comments. Try the `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>' flag to turn off structured +structured comments. Try the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ flag to turn off structured comments and see what happens. <div class="node"> @@ -597,9 +605,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble <a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62"></a>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file. (This commonly happens on small machines that don't have spoolers.) You can -force Dvips to do this with the `<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>' flag (or `<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>' config file +force Dvips to do this with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>’ config file option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character -(control-D). You can also try using the `<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>' flag (or `<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>' +(control-D). You can also try using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>’ flag (or ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair. See <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, and <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. @@ -617,17 +625,17 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing proble <p><a name="index-printer-errors-63"></a><a name="index-error-messages-from-printer-64"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65"></a> <a name="index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"></a>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very good information on what might be going wrong. One of the most common -error messages is `<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>'. This is caused by old versions +error messages is ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>’. This is caused by old versions of Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup section of the PostScript. To fix this, turn off structured comments -with the `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>' option, but it'd be best to get your spooling +with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ option, but it'd be best to get your spooling software updated. - <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is `<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>'. Some printers indicate + <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is ‘<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>’. Some printers indicate this error by locking up, others quietly reset. This is caused by Dvips thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and then printing a complicated document. To fix this, try lowering the -`<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>' parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to +‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’ parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to make sure you adjust the correct file. <p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don't @@ -672,7 +680,7 @@ must follow when generating files to be included. The Dvips program includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other programs, but there are certainly applications that haven't been tested. - <p>One possible thing to try is the `<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>' flag which strips the comments + <p>One possible thing to try is the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>’ flag which strips the comments from an included figure. This might be necessary if the PostScript spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly. Use of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since @@ -769,40 +777,44 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line <h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Option summary</h4> <p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-80"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run -Dvips with no arguments or with the standard `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' option. +Dvips with no arguments or with the standard ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ option. <a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-81"></a> <pre class="verbatim">Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi] -a* Conserve memory, not time A Print only odd (TeX) pages -b # Page copies, for posters e.g. B Print only even (TeX) pages -c # Uncollated copies C # Collated copies -d # Debugging D # Resolution -e # Maxdrift value E* Try to create EPSF -f* Run as filter F* Send control-D at end - G* Shift low chars to higher pos. -h f Add header file -i* Separate file per section -j* Download fonts partially -k* Print crop marks K* Pull comments from inclusions -l # Last page -m* Manual feed M* Don't make fonts -mode s Metafont device name -n # Maximum number of pages N* No structured comments -noomega Disable Omega extensions -o f Output file O c Set/change paper offset -p # First page P s Load config.$s -pp l Print only pages listed -q* Run quietly -r* Reverse order of pages R* Run securely -s* Enclose output in save/restore S # Max section size in pages -t s Paper format T c Specify desired page size -u s PS mapfile U* Disable string param trick -v Print version number and quit V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK -x # Override dvi magnification X # Horizontal resolution -y # Multiply by dvi magnification Y # Vertical resolution -z* Hyper PS Z* Compress bitmap fonts - # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off - c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm) - l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9) +Convert DVI input files to PostScript. +See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information. + +Options: +-a* Conserve memory, not time -A Print only odd (TeX) pages +-b # Page copies, for posters e.g. -B Print only even (TeX) pages +-c # Uncollated copies -C # Collated copies +-d # Debugging -D # Resolution +-e # Maxdrift value -E* Try to create EPSF +-f* Run as filter -F* Send control-D at end + -G* Shift low chars to higher pos. +-h f Add header file +-i* Separate file per section +-j* Download fonts partially +-k* Print crop marks -K* Pull comments from inclusions +-l # Last page +-m* Manual feed -M* Don't make fonts +-mode s Metafont device name +-n # Maximum number of pages -N* No structured comments +-noomega Disable Omega extensions +-o f Output file -O c Set/change paper offset +-p # First page -P s Load config.$s +-pp l Print only pages listed +-q* Run quietly +-r* Reverse order of pages -R* Run securely +-s* Enclose output in save/restore -S # Max section size in pages +-t s Paper format -T c Specify desired page size +-u s PS mapfile -U* Disable string param trick +-v Print version number and quit -V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK +-x # Override dvi magnification -X # Horizontal resolution +-y # Multiply by dvi magnification -Y # Vertical resolution +-z* Hyper PS -Z* Compress bitmap fonts + # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off + c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm) + l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9) Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org. </pre> @@ -819,60 +831,60 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line <p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-82"></a> Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by -suffixing the option with a zero (`<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>'); for instance, to turn off -page reversal, use `<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>'. Such options are marked with a trailing -`<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>'. +suffixing the option with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’); for instance, to turn off +page reversal, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>’. Such options are marked with a trailing +‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-83"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-84"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-85"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-83"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-84"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-85"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command line. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-86"></a>Print a usage message and exit. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-86"></a>Print a usage message and exit. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-87"></a>Print the version number and exit. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-87"></a>Print the version number and exit. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-88"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-89"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-88"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-89"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-90"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-91"></a>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-90"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-91"></a>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not physical page numbers. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-92"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-93"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-94"></a><a name="index-color-separations-95"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body -rather than using the `<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>' PostScript variable. This can -be useful in conjunction with a header file setting `<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>' to + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-92"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-93"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-94"></a><a name="index-color-separations-95"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body +rather than using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>’ PostScript variable. This can +be useful in conjunction with a header file setting ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ to do color separations or other neat tricks. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-96"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-97"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-98"></a>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-96"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-97"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-98"></a>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not physical page numbers. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-99"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-100"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-101"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-102"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-99"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-100"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-101"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-102"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable -`<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-103"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-104"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-105"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the -PostScript file). Slower than the `<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>' option, but easier on the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-103"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-104"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-105"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the +PostScript file). Slower than the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>’ option, but easier on the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple times. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-106"></a><a name="index-debugging-107"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will -work unless Dvips has been compiled without the `<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>' option (not + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-106"></a><a name="index-debugging-107"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will +work unless Dvips has been compiled without the ‘<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>’ option (not recommended). See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of -<var>num</var>. Use `<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>' as the first option for maximum output. +<var>num</var>. Use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>’ as the first option for maximum output. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-108"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-109"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-108"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-109"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than -400 dpi, say) is selected, the `<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>' flag should probably also be +400 dpi, say) is selected, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ flag should probably also be used. If you are using fonts made with Metafont, such as Computer Modern, <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var> that you use or Metafont will fail. See the file <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode names for most devices. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-110"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-111"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-112"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-113"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true' + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-110"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-111"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-112"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-113"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, @@ -882,7 +894,7 @@ correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of letters in words. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-114"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-115"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-116"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-117"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-114"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-115"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-116"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-117"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition, @@ -892,132 +904,132 @@ well enough for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like. (Of course, Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with -care.) For multiple page input files, also specify `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' to get +care.) For multiple page input files, also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ to get each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid in the single output file. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-118"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-119"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-120"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-121"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"></a>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-118"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-119"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-120"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-121"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"></a>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at this file. This option also disables the automatic reading of the -<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use `<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>' after the -`<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of -control-D if it was turned on with the `<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>' option or in the -configuration file; use `<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>' after the `<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' to send it anyway. +<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>’ after the +‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of +control-D if it was turned on with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ option or in the +configuration file; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>’ after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ to send it anyway. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-123"></a><a name="index-EOF-124"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-125"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-126"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-127"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-123"></a><a name="index-EOF-124"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-125"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-126"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-127"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the PostScript file. This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal systems. On systems shared by more than one person, this is not recommended. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-128"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-129"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-128"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-129"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions. This may be useful sometimes. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-131"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-132"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-133"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is -`<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>', suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file -get added to the PostScript `<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-131"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-132"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-133"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is +‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file +get added to the PostScript ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-134"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-135"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-136"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-137"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-134"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-135"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-136"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-137"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. This option -is most often used in conjunction with the `<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>' option which sets -the maximum section length in pages; if `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' is specified and -`<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>' is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance, +is most often used in conjunction with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>’ option which sets +the maximum section length in pages; if ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ is specified and +‘<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>’ is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-138"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-138"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the default in the current release. Some debugging flags trace this operation (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). You can also control partial downloading on a per-font basis (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-139"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-140"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-141"></a>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be -specified, either with a paper size special or with the `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>' + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-139"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-140"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-141"></a>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be +specified, either with a paper size special or with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size automatically. This works by downloading <samp><span class="file">crop.pro</span></samp>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-142"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-143"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-144"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-142"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-143"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-144"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript -post-processing programs. Specifically, the `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>' +post-processing programs. Specifically, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’ comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can cause other graphics to fail, however, since the PostScript header macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-145"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-146"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-147"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-145"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-146"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-147"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals -sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' option, if specified) +sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ option, if specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to -compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the DVI file. -Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>' will end with the ninth page of the document, +compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the DVI file. +Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>’ will end with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-150"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-151"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-150"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-151"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-152"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-153"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-154"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-155"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-152"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-153"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-154"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-155"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font generation. This overrides any value from configuration files. With the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>. See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>. If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-156"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-157"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-158"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-159"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi --> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-156"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-157"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-158"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-159"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi --> Turns off automatic font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>). If <code>mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file <samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the problem. <a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-160"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-161"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or -configuration file value `<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>' is set, its value is used. -Otherwise, nothing is written. The name `<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>' is -overridden by the `<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>' environment variable or +configuration file value ‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>’ is set, its value is used. +Otherwise, nothing is written. The name ‘<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>’ is +overridden by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>’ environment variable or configuration file value. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-162"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-163"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-164"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-162"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-163"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-164"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-165"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-166"></a><a name="index-TranScript-167"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-168"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>'; this + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-165"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-166"></a><a name="index-TranScript-167"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-168"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’; this may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript. Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers such as Ghostview. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-169"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-170"></a>This will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files. -By default, the additional opcodes `<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>' are recognized + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-169"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-170"></a>This will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files. +By default, the additional opcodes ‘<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>’ are recognized by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to set 2-byte characters. The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least temporarily) require 65536 positions instead of the default 256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be slightly larger. If you find this unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega extensions, -you can switch this extension off by using `<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>' (but please do +you can switch this extension off by using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>’ (but please do send a bug report if you find such problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-171"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-172"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-173"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' is specified without + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-171"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-172"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-173"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ is specified without <var>name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the -default is `<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>' where the input DVI file was -`<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>'. If `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' isn't given at all, the +default is ‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>’ where the input DVI file was +‘<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ isn't given at all, the configuration file default is used. - <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-174"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-175"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-176"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-177"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-178"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-179"></a>If <var>name</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>', output goes to standard output. If the first -character of <var>name</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>', then the remainder will -be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying `<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>' as + <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-174"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-175"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-176"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-177"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-178"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-179"></a>If <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, output goes to standard output. If the first +character of <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’, then the remainder will +be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying ‘<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>’ as the output file will automatically queue the file for printing as usual. (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device -<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>' and a program by that name +<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>’ and a program by that name cannot be found.) - <p>`<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code> + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code> environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D. -See the `<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' option for how to override this. +See the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ option for how to override this. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-180"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-181"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-182"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>' (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-180"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-181"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-182"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated +pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in the printer-specific configuration file. @@ -1028,121 +1040,128 @@ the correct value for your printer. Be sure to do several runs with the same <code>O</code> value—some printers vary widely from run to run. <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-184"></a>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every -page, your best recourse is to use `<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>' (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). +page, your best recourse is to use ‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-185"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-186"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-187"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-185"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-186"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-187"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an -equals sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>' option, if +equals sign, then it (and the argument to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’ option, if specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than -a value to compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the -DVI file. Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>' will start with the third page of +a value to compare with the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>’ values stored in the +DVI file. Thus, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>’ will start with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-190"></a><a name="index-page-range-191"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-192"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p -</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>', except that multiple `<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>' options -accumulate, unlike `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'. The `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>' separator can -also be `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-190"></a><a name="index-page-range-191"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-192"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p +</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>’, except that multiple ‘<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>’ options +accumulate, unlike ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ separator can +also be ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-193"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-194"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-193"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-194"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which can set the output name -(most likely `<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>'), resolution, Metafont mode, +(most likely ‘<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>’), resolution, Metafont mode, and perhaps font paths and other printer-specific defaults. It works -best to put sitewide defaults in the one master `<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>' file +best to put sitewide defaults in the one master ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>’ file and only things that vary printer to printer in the -`<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>' files; `<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>' is read before -`<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>’ files; ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>’ is read before +‘<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>’. <p>A configuration file for creating Adobe PDF files is provided in -`<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>' and can be loaded with `<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>', it will try to +‘<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>’ and can be loaded with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’, it will try to include Type1 outline fonts into the PostScript file (see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>). - <p>If no `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' is given, the environment variable + <p>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ is given, the environment variable <code>PRINTER</code> is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) file exists, it is read. See <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-195"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-196"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-197"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-198"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-195"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-196"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-197"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-198"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-199"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-200"></a>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-199"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-200"></a>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-201"></a><a name="index-security-202"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-203"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-204"></a>Run securely. `<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>' disables both shell command execution in -<code>\special</code> (via `<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>', see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>) -and config files (via the `<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>' option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute filenames. `<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>', the -default, forbids shell escapes but allows absolute filenames. -`<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>' allows both. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-201"></a><a name="index-security-202"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-203"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-204"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-205"></a>Run securely. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>’ disables both shell command execution in +<code>\special</code> (via ‘<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>) +and config files (via the ‘<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>’ option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative +filenames. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>’, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows +absolute filenames. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>’ allows both. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-205"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-206"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-206"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-207"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don't care too much about the portability of the output to other environments. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-207"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most -commonly used with the `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' option; see its description above for + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-208"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most +commonly used with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option; see its description above for more information. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-208"></a><a name="index-paper-type-209"></a><a name="index-media-210"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-211"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-212"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-213"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-214"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-215"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-217"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-209"></a><a name="index-paper-type-210"></a><a name="index-media-211"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-212"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-213"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-214"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-215"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-217"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-218"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to -select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>). You can also specify a -<var>papertype</var> of `<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>', which rotates a document by 90 -degrees. To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you -can use the `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' option twice, once for the paper type, and once -for `<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>'. You should not use any `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' option when -TeX writes a `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special, as is done by some LaTeX -packages, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>'. - - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-218"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated -pair of dimensions such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>' (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be +select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>). + <ul> +<li>You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of ‘<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>’, +which rotates a document by 90 degrees. +<li>To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you +can use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option twice, once for the paper type, and once +for ‘<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>’. +<li>In general, you should not use any ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option when +using a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special, as some LaTeX packages do, e.g., +‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>’. +<li>The exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not +already defined in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; in this case, you need to specify +‘<samp><span class="samp">-t unknown</span></samp>’. +</ul> + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-219"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated +pair of dimensions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is -one close enough. To disable this behavior, use `<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>'. +one close enough. To disable this behavior, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-219"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-220"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-221"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up -PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a `<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>' + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-220"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-221"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-222"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up +PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file, and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing -the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then `<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>' +the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then ‘<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>’ is added at the end. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-222"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-223"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-223"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-224"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the character metric information in the same string that is used to store the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this printer. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-224"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-225"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-225"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use -<a name="index-mtpk-226"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-227"></a><a name="index-pstopk-228"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-226"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use +<a name="index-mtpk-227"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-228"></a><a name="index-pstopk-229"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination thereof to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are supplied with Dvips. The bitmap must be put into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> as the downloadable file for that font. This is useful only for those fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-229"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-230"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-230"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-231"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and 100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an integer, for increased precision. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-231"></a><a name="index-resolution-232"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-232"></a><a name="index-resolution-233"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-233"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-234"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the magnification specified in the DVI file. See -`<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>' above. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>’ above. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var> -<a name="index-resolution-235"></a> -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-236"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-237"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-238"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-239"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-240"></a>Pass `<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>' hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-235"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var> +<a name="index-resolution-236"></a> +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-237"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-238"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-239"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-240"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-241"></a>Pass ‘<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>’ hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in creating the output. See <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-241"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-242"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-242"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-243"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of what gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when very large fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be @@ -1161,7 +1180,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> <h3 class="section">3.3 Environment variables</h3> -<p><a name="index-environment-variables-243"></a> +<p><a name="index-environment-variables-244"></a> Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and other things. The path variables are read as needed, after all configuration files are read, so they override values in the @@ -1174,34 +1193,42 @@ Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to Dvips are mentioned here. <dl> -<dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-244"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path +<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code><a name="index-DVIPSDEBUG-245"></a><dd><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-246"></a>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to +standard output, for debugging. This isn't done by default because +these files are read even before the banner is printed. For +voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable +<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). (If <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> is +set to any value, it automatically turns on <samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>.) + + <br><dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-247"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). - <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-245"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the `<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>' + <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-248"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-246"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-247"></a>Overrides `<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>' as the name of the program to invoke to + <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-249"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-250"></a>Overrides ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’ as the name of the program to invoke to create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the <code>mktexpk</code> program with the <code>MAKETEXPK</code> environment variable; see <a href="kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a>. - <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-248"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any + <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-251"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any printer-specific configuration files. - <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-249"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-250"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' + <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-252"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-253"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ definition in config files (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). - <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-251"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does + <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-254"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does not use <code>PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.) - <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-252"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-253"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration + <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-255"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-256"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration files, including the base <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>. Using this single environment variable, you can override everything else. (The printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS, but <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> is called by that name on all platforms.) - <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-254"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the `<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>' + <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-257"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the ‘<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). If not set, <code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. @@ -1217,7 +1244,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a> <h3 class="section">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3> -<p><a name="index-configuration-files-255"></a> +<p><a name="index-configuration-files-258"></a> This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp><span class="file">config.*</span></samp> device configuration files (called <samp><span class="file">*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which override the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> @@ -1242,17 +1269,17 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4> -<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-256"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-257"></a> +<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-259"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-260"></a> The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis, or individually by each user. <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-258"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for +<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-261"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-259"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override + <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-262"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override any options set in the global file. The environment variable <code>DVIPSRC</code>, if defined, is used as the specification of the startup file. If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a platform-specific @@ -1264,17 +1291,17 @@ searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files (as described in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.); users are expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-260"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>' option + <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-263"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>’ option is encountered, at that point <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>device</var></samp> is loaded. Thus, the printer configuration file can override anything in the site-wide or user configuration file, and it can also override options -in the command line up to the point that the `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' option was +in the command line up to the point that the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option was encountered. (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are called <samp><var>device</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>, since DOS doesn't allow more than 3 characters after the dot in filenames.) - <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-261"></a>If no `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' option was specified, and also the `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>' command line options were not used, Dvips checks the + <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-264"></a>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ option was specified, and also the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ command line options were not used, Dvips checks the environment variable <code>PRINTER</code>. If it exists, then <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) is loaded (if it exists). @@ -1292,20 +1319,20 @@ to be found before the system's. overridden by configuration files: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>'<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was previously set from a configuration file. If <samp><span class="file">config.$PRINTER</span></samp> is -read, however, any `<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>' lines from there will take +read, however, any ‘<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>’ lines from there will take effect. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>'<dd>This overrides any mode setting (`<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>' line) in configuration files. -`<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>' does not affect the resolution. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’<dd>This overrides any mode setting (‘<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>’ line) in configuration files. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’ does not affect the resolution. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>'<dd>This overrides any output setting (`<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>' line) in configuration files. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’<dd>This overrides any output setting (‘<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>’ line) in configuration files. </dl> <p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of -having a mismatched mode and resolution (which `<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>' cannot +having a mismatched mode and resolution (which ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’ cannot resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where possible. @@ -1319,49 +1346,49 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4> -<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-262"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-263"></a> +<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-265"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-266"></a> Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding command line options, but there are a few exceptions. When they are the same, we omit the description here. <p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the -letter with a zero (`<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>'). +letter with a zero (‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’). - <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-264"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-265"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a + <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-267"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-268"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored. There is no provision for continuation lines. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-266"></a>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-269"></a>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-267"></a>Memory conservation. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-270"></a>Memory conservation. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-268"></a>Multiple copies. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-271"></a>Multiple copies. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-269"></a>Output resolution. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-272"></a>Output resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-270"></a>Max drift. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-273"></a>Max drift. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-271"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-272"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-273"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-274"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-274"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-275"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-276"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-277"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance. Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-275"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-276"></a>Run as a filter. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-278"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-279"></a>Run as a filter. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-277"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-280"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-278"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-279"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-280"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-281"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-282"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-283"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment variable <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-281"></a>Make multiple output files. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-284"></a>Make multiple output files. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-282"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-285"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-283"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>', + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-286"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-284"></a><a name="index-memory-available-285"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-286"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-287"></a><a name="index-memory-available-288"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-289"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the printer. Default is 180000. This value must be accurate if memory conservation and document splitting is to work correctly. To determine this value, send the following file to the printer: @@ -1369,7 +1396,7 @@ this value, send the following file to the printer: <pre class="example"> %! Hey, we're PostScript /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less memory, because many programs download permanent macros that can reduce the memory in @@ -1378,89 +1405,89 @@ memory available to a PostScript interpreter, in which case this file might return a ridiculously low number; for example, the NeXT computer and Ghostscript. In these cases, a value of one million works fine. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-287"></a>Metafont mode. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-290"></a>Metafont mode. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-288"></a>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-291"></a>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers. -Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. +Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-289"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-290"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-292"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-293"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. In the file <samp><span class="file">config.foo</span></samp>, a setting like this is probably appropriate: <pre class="example"> o |lpr -Pfoo - </pre> +</pre> <p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to the local printer device <samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> if it doesn't find an executable program by that name in the current directory or along the <code>PATH</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-291"></a>Origin offset. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-294"></a>Origin offset. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-292"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-293"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-294"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-295"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-295"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-296"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-297"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-298"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident fonts that different printers may have. If <var>name</var> starts with a -`<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>' character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces) +‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces) is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to have local map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the global map file. This can be used for font families. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-296"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-297"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-298"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-299"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-299"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-301"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-302"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-303"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The <code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables override this. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-301"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-302"></a>Run quietly. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-304"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-305"></a>Run quietly. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-303"></a>Page reversal. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-306"></a>Page reversal. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-304"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-305"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-306"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-307"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-307"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-308"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-309"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-310"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created, Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to the requested size, using PostScript scaling. The resulting output may be ugly, and thus a warning is issued. To turn this last-resort scaling -off, use a line with just the `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' and no numbers. +off, use a line with just the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ and no numbers. <p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller than the preceding one is ignored. This is because it is better to scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate small features in the character shape. - <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-308"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-309"></a>The environment and config file values `<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>' override this configuration file setting. + <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-311"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-312"></a>The environment and config file values ‘<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>’ override this configuration file setting. - <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-310"></a>If no `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' settings or environment variables are specified, a list + <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-313"></a>If no ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ settings or environment variables are specified, a list compiled in during installation is used. This default list is defined by -the Makefile variable `<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>', defined in the file +the Makefile variable ‘<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>’, defined in the file <samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-311"></a>Output global save/restore. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-314"></a>Output global save/restore. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-312"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-313"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-314"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-315"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-316"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-317"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated PostScript files or psfiles). The <code>TEXPICTS</code> and then <code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-315"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-316"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-317"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-318"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-319"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-320"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then <code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this. This path is used for resident fonts and fonts that can't otherwise be found. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-318"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>', see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-321"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>’, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-319"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-320"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-321"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-322"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-323"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-324"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on different devices. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-322"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-323"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-325"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-326"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading all the configuration files; with no <var>string</var>, cancel any previous -`<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>' message. This is useful in the default configuration file to +‘<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>’ message. This is useful in the default configuration file to remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users about special characteristics of a particular printer. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-324"></a>Horizontal resolution. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-327"></a>Horizontal resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-325"></a>Vertical resolution. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-328"></a>Vertical resolution. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-326"></a>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-329"></a>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-327"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' -(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' is specified + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-330"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ +(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ is specified on the command line, that takes precedence. </dl> @@ -1476,13 +1503,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2> -<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-328"></a> +<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-331"></a> Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the -standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in Europe). -The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a particular -printer. +local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in +Europe). The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a +particular printer. - <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-329"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance, + <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-332"></a><a name="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-333"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes. For instance, you may want to design a document that has the long edge of the paper horizontal. This can be useful when typesetting booklets, brochures, complex tables, or many other documents. This type of paper orientation @@ -1490,14 +1517,15 @@ is called <dfn>landscape</dfn> orientation (the default orientation is <dfn>portrait</dfn>). Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger or A3 paper. - <p>Since the intended paper size is a document design decision, not a -printing decision, such information should be given in the TeX file -and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, Dvips supports a -`<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special. It is hoped that this special will become -standard over time for TeX previewers and other printer drivers. + <p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design +decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in +the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, +Dvips supports a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special. It is hoped that this +special will become standard over time for TeX previewers and other +printer drivers. - <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>', write a -`<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special into the DVI file. In this case, you need + <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>’, write a +‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special into the DVI file. In this case, you need not and should not attempt to override it manually. <ul class="menu"> @@ -1514,10 +1542,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size a </div> -<h3 class="section">4.1 `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special</h3> +<h3 class="section">4.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special</h3> -<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-330"></a> -The format of the `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special is +<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-334"></a> +The format of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special is <pre class="example"> \special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>} </pre> @@ -1527,7 +1555,7 @@ namely, in (inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp (scaled points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript unit), pc (picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros). - <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-331"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be: + <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-335"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be: <pre class="example"> \special{papersize=11in,8.5in} </pre> <p class="noindent">An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>: @@ -1540,8 +1568,13 @@ reventually the <code>papersize</code> comment will dominate. paper size; you must also adjust <code>\hsize</code> and <code>\vsize</code> in your TeX document typeset to those dimensions. + <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-336"></a>When using the <code>papersize</code> special, you generally should not also +specify <code>-t</code> on the command line (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). The +exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't +predefined; in this case, use <code>-t unknown</code>. + <p>The <code>papersize</code> special must occur somewhere on the first page of -the document. +the document. Some packages, notably ‘<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>’, insert this special. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -1554,20 +1587,20 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size a <h3 class="section">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3> -<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-332"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-333"></a> -The `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' command in a configuration file sets the paper size -defaults and options. The first `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' command defines the default +<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-337"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-338"></a> +The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ command in a configuration file sets the paper size +defaults and options. The first ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ command defines the default paper size. It has three possible parameters: <pre class="example"> @ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span> </pre> - <p>If `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it + <p>If ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly from another configuration file). <p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and -the second and third being a dimension (as in `<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>', just like in the `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special), then the +the second and third being a dimension (as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>’, just like in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special), then the option is interpreted as starting a new paper size description, where <var>name</var> is the name and <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> define the horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of paper, respectively. For @@ -1576,8 +1609,8 @@ example: <pre class="example"> @ letterSize 8.5in 11in </pre> <p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify -units!) then any page size will match. If the `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' character is -immediately followed by a `<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>' sign, then the remainder of the line +units!) then any page size will match. If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ character is +immediately followed by a ‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’ sign, then the remainder of the line (after skipping any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to send to the printer, presumably to select that particular paper size: @@ -1598,7 +1631,7 @@ For example: @+ %%EndPaperSize </pre> <p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks -for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a `<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>' special, +for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a ‘<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>’ special, it looks for a match by dimensions. The best match found (from the paper size information in the configuration file) is used. If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size is used. The @@ -1606,41 +1639,40 @@ dimensions must match within 5bp. Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported. <p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give -dimensions of `<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>'; the PostScript code that sets the paper -size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as `<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>'; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that return +dimensions of ‘<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>’; the PostScript code that sets the paper +size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as ‘<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>’; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that return the requested size in default PostScript units. Virtually all of the PostScript commands you use here are device-dependent and degrade the portability of the file; that is why the default first paper size entry should not send any PostScript commands down (although a structured comment or two would be okay). Also, some printers want -`<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>' comments and paper size setting commands; others -(such as the NeXT) want `<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>' comments and they will handle +‘<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>’ comments and paper size setting commands; others +(such as the NeXT) want ‘<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>’ comments and they will handle setting the paper size. There is no solution I could find that works for both (except maybe specifying both). - <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-334"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the distribution -directory may help in determining appropriate paper size definitions. + <p>When using a paper size that is not already defined in +<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, you probably want to say ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t unknown</span></samp>’ on +the command line; the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition in +<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the +PostScript page size, as just described. - <p><a name="index-a4-paper-size_002c-as-default-335"></a>If your printers are configured to use A4 paper by default, the -configuration file (probably the global <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> in this case) -should include this as the first `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' command: + <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-339"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the +distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size +definitions. -<pre class="example"> @ A4size 210mm 297mm - @+ %%PaperSize: A4 -</pre> - <p class="noindent">so that <code>A4size</code> is used as the default, and not <code>A4</code> itself; -thus, no PostScript <code>a4</code> command is added to the output file, -unless the user explicitly says to use paper size `<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>'. That is, -by default, no paper size PostScript command should be put in the -output, but Dvips will still know that the paper size is A4 because -`<samp><span class="samp">A4size</span></samp>' is the first (and therefore default) size in the -configuration file. - - <p>Executing the `<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>' or other PostScript operators -cause the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print on -certain printers, so the default paper size should not execute such an -operator if at all possible. + <p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-340"></a><a name="index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-341"></a><a name="index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-342"></a>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code> +paper size definitions in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> execute the +<code>setpagedevice</code> operator if it exists (it was defined in +PostScript Level 2), or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>’ operator if +they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause failures on +certain (unknown) printers). Not executing any page size definition +at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as +<samp><span class="command">ps2pdf</span></samp>, so we want to execute one if we can. + + <p><a name="index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-343"></a><a name="index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-344"></a>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now +synonyms for <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -1652,12 +1684,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size a <h3 class="section">4.3 Paper trays</h3> -<p><a name="index-paper-trays-336"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-337"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-338"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-339"></a> -Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper +<p><a name="index-paper-trays-345"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-346"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-347"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-348"></a> +<a name="index-bop_002dhook-349"></a>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper trays. You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the <code>bop-hook</code> PostScript variable (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>). - <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-340"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead + <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-350"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead paper; the usual tray has the usual paper. You have a document where you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the remaining pages on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say @@ -1669,16 +1701,16 @@ starts at zero): </pre> <p class="noindent">where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate commands to select the paper trays. On the 4SI, <var>alternatetray</var> is -`<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>' and <var>normaltray</var> is -`<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>’ and <var>normaltray</var> is +‘<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>’. <p>Then, include the file with either <ul> -<li>the `<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>' command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or +<li>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>’ command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or - <li>the `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or + <li>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>' in your TeX document + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ in your TeX document (see <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>). </ul> @@ -1694,7 +1726,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2> -<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-341"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-342"></a> +<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-351"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-352"></a> Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including literal PostScript code, and hypertext. @@ -1739,20 +1771,20 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures <h4 class="subsection">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4> -<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-343"></a> +<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-353"></a> The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment. Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is. - <p><a name="index-big-points-344"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-345"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-346"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of + <p><a name="index-big-points-354"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-355"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-356"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the <dfn>bounding box</dfn>. These coordinates are given in the default PostScript units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch, like TeX big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the sheet of paper. - <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-347"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the + <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-357"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the first few lines of the file. PostScript files are standard ASCII, so you can use any text editor to do this. If within the first few dozen lines there is a line like @@ -1763,7 +1795,7 @@ lines there is a line like Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips. If the file contains instead a line like - <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-348"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-349"></a> + <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-358"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-359"></a> <pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: (atend) </pre> <p class="noindent">the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box @@ -1773,13 +1805,13 @@ bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the PostScript couldn't know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute it.) - <p><a name="index-bbfig-350"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-351"></a>If the document lacks a `<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>' altogether, you can -determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the `<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-bbfig-360"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-361"></a>If the document lacks a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>’ altogether, you can +determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>’ program distributed with Dvips in the <samp><span class="file">contrib</span></samp> directory. This can usually find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with Ghostscript. - <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-352"></a>If the comment looks like this: + <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-362"></a>If the comment looks like this: <pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 </pre> <p class="noindent">the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper. This is @@ -1797,7 +1829,7 @@ to the uppermost mark on the paper. <p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the second line of the document. (The first line should already be a line -starting with the two characters `<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>'; if it is not, the file +starting with the two characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>’; if it is not, the file probably isn't PostScript.) <pre class="example"> %%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var> @@ -1823,7 +1855,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures <h4 class="subsection">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-353"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-354"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-363"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-364"></a> Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX document. For LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx @@ -1839,7 +1871,7 @@ are still using LaTeX 2.09, use epsf.sty). </pre> <p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for -Dvips. In this case you can leave out the `<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>' parameter. +Dvips. In this case you can leave out the ‘<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>’ parameter. <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp><span class="file">foo.eps</span></samp>, enter a line such as: @@ -1855,8 +1887,8 @@ different TeX engines or DVI converters if you also provide suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp><span class="file">foo.pdf</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">foo.png</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-355"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in -`<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>' syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the + <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-365"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in +‘<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>’ syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the included graphic—see <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>. If your file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would @@ -1871,7 +1903,7 @@ occupying the proper amount of space. <p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left corner. Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it. -Combining `<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>' with `<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>' commands or +Combining ‘<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>’ with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>’ commands or minipages can sometimes be confusing when this is not taken into account. @@ -1886,18 +1918,18 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures <h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4> -<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-356"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-357"></a> -If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the `<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>' +<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-366"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-367"></a> +If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>’ package. See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>. <p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> (for plain TeX) and <samp><span class="file">epsf.sty</span></samp> (for LaTeX). For plain TeX, add a line like this near the top of your input file: - <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-358"></a> + <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-368"></a> <pre class="example"> \input epsf </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-359"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the `<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>' style option, as in: + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-369"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>’ style option, as in: <pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article} </pre> @@ -1908,7 +1940,7 @@ figures you plan to include. <pre class="example"> \epsffile{foo.eps} </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-360"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-361"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code> + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-370"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-371"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code> immediately before the <code>\epsffile</code> command to get certain environments to work correctly. If your file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous @@ -1921,7 +1953,7 @@ comment: your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying the proper amount of space. - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-362"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-363"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code> + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-372"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-373"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code> at the point of the page that the command is executed. By default, the graphic will have its `natural' width (namely, the width of its bounding box). The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height. By @@ -1929,7 +1961,7 @@ default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect, just as is everything else in your document. See the next section for more information on scaling. - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-364"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-365"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-374"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-375"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your terminal when it processes each figure, give the command: <pre class="example"> \epsfverbosetrue @@ -1949,7 +1981,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h5> -<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-366"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-367"></a> +<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-376"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-377"></a> Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator of the EPS file. @@ -1958,14 +1990,14 @@ of the EPS file. <code>\epsfxsize</code> or <code>\epsfysize</code> variables, whichever is more convenient for you. That is, put - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-368"></a> + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-378"></a> <pre class="example"> \epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var> </pre> <p class="noindent">right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>. Then the width of the TeX box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately. Similarly, you can set the vertical size with - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-369"></a> + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-379"></a> <pre class="example"> \epsfysize=<var>dimen</var> </pre> <p class="noindent">in which case the height will be set and the width scaled @@ -1975,7 +2007,7 @@ proportionally. included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents stretched in one direction or the other. - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-370"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-380"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the <code>\epsfsize</code> macro. <code>\epsffile</code> calls this with two parameters: the natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript graphic. <code>\epsfsize</code> must expand to the desired horizontal size, @@ -1986,30 +2018,30 @@ that is, the width of the <code>\vbox</code>. Schematically: <p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>'<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above, +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>’<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above, by setting <code>\epsfxsize</code> to the same value it had before the macro was called. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>'<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>’<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original width). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>'<dd>A special case, equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>’<dd>A special case, equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>'<dd>Scale to half the natural size. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>’<dd>Scale to half the natural size. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>'<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>’<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code> instead of <code>\hsize</code>.) - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1>\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>'<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1>\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>’<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to <code>\hsize</code>, otherwise use the natural width. </dl> - <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-371"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-372"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-373"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn + <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-381"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-382"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-383"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI magnification with the following TeX command: - <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-374"></a> + <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-384"></a> <pre class="example"> \special{! /magscale false def} </pre> <p class="noindent">Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the @@ -2018,8 +2050,8 @@ being used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear improperly scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to scale or otherwise modify the document. - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-375"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in -`<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>' or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>), + <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-385"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in +‘<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>’ or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>), <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2031,7 +2063,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h5> -<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-376"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-377"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-378"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-379"></a> +<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-386"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-387"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-388"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-389"></a> By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images. This is because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a small portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding @@ -2055,9 +2087,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures </div> -<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 `<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>' special</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>’ special</h4> -<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-380"></a> +<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-390"></a> The basic special for file inclusion is as follows: <pre class="example"> \special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> ... } @@ -2070,20 +2102,36 @@ specify transformations on the PostScript. <p>The possible <var>key</var>s are: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>'<dd>The horizontal offset (default 0) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>'<dd>The vertical offset (default 0) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>'<dd>The horizontal clipping size (default 612) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>'<dd>The vertical clipping size (default 792) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>'<dd>The horizontal scaling factor (default 100) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>'<dd>The vertical scaling factor (default 100) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>'<dd>The rotation (default 0) -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>'<dd>Enable clipping to the bounding box -</dl> +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-391"></a>The horizontal offset (default 0). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-392"></a>The vertical offset (default 0). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-393"></a>The horizontal clipping size (default 612). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-394"></a>The vertical clipping size (default 792). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-395"></a>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-396"></a>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-397"></a>The rotation, in degrees (default 0). - <p>The dimension parameters are all given in PostScript units. -The `<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>' are given in non-dimensioned percentage -units, and the rotation value is specified in degrees. -Thus + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-398"></a>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"></a><a name="index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"></a><a name="index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"></a><a name="index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"></a>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code> +comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional. + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">rhi, rwi</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"></a><a name="index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"></a>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in +tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional. + + <p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled, +possibly losing aspect ratio. If only one of <code>rwi</code> and +<code>rhi</code> is nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio. + + </dl> + + <p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points). +Thus, for example: <pre class="example"> \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90} </pre> @@ -2094,15 +2142,15 @@ rotation. Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin. The order of operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it. <p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change -the units that `<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>' are given in. This can be -done by redefining `<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>' -<a name="index-scaleunit-381"></a>in `<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>' -<a name="index-SDict-382"></a>by a TeX command such as +the units that ‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’ are given in. This can be +done by redefining ‘<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>’ +<a name="index-scaleunit-405"></a>in ‘<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>’ +<a name="index-SDict-406"></a>by a TeX command such as <pre class="example"> \special{! /@scaleunit 1 def} </pre> - <p class="noindent">The `<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>' variable, which is by default 100, is what -`<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>' are divided by to yield an absolute + <p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>’ variable, which is by default 100, is what +‘<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>’ are divided by to yield an absolute scale factor. <div class="node"> @@ -2116,12 +2164,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures <h4 class="subsection">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4> -<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-383"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-384"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-385"></a> +<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-407"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-408"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-409"></a> PostScript is an excellent page description language—but it does tend to be rather verbose. Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce them by factor of five or more. For this reason, if the name of an included PostScript file ends with <samp><span class="file">.Z</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, Dvips -automatically runs `<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>'. For example: +automatically runs ‘<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>’. For example: <pre class="example"> \epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz} </pre> @@ -2130,16 +2178,16 @@ use this facility with the <samp><span class="file">epsf</span></samp> macros, y bounding box parameter yourself, as shown. <p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics -inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (`<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>'), the parameter +inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (‘<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>’), the parameter is instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual file to standard output. For example: <pre class="example"> \special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"} </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-386"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>. Of course, the command to be executed + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-410"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>. Of course, the command to be executed can be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as <samp><span class="file">tek2ps</span></samp> or whatever is appropriate. This feature can be disabled -with the `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' command-line option or `<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>' configuration option. +with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ command-line option or ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ configuration option. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2151,7 +2199,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures <h4 class="subsection">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4> -<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-387"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-388"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-389"></a> +<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-411"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-412"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-413"></a> You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics file by putting a <code>%*Font:</code> line in the leading commentary of the file. Schematically, this looks like: @@ -2162,7 +2210,7 @@ file. Schematically, this looks like: <dl> <dt><var>tfmname</var><dd>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>. You can give the same -<var>tfmname</var> on more than one `<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>' line; this is useful when +<var>tfmname</var> on more than one ‘<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>’ line; this is useful when the number of characters from the font used needs a longer <var>hex-bitstring</var> (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line. @@ -2171,18 +2219,18 @@ big points). 72<span class="dmn">bp</span> = 72.27<span class="dmn">pt</span> = <br><dt><var>designbp</var><dd>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points. This should match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>. Thus, for <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>, -it should be `<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>'. +it should be ‘<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>’. <br><dt><var>hex-start</var><dd>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified -as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>' for -`<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>'. +as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>’ for +‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. <br><dt><var>hex-bitstring</var><dd>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which characters following (and including) <var>hex-start</var> are used. This is treated as a bitmap. For example, if your figure used the single letter -`<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>', you would use `<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>' for <var>hex-start</var> and -<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used `<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>', you would use -`<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’, you would use ‘<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>’ for <var>hex-start</var> and +<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used ‘<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>’, you would use +‘<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>’. </dl> @@ -2200,24 +2248,24 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interacti <h3 class="section">5.2 PostScript header files</h3> -<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-390"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-391"></a> +<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-414"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-415"></a> <dfn>Header files</dfn> are bits of PostScript included in the output file; generally they provide support for special features, rather than producing any printed output themselves. You can explicitly request downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve some special effect. - <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-392"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-393"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-394"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features + <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-416"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-417"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-418"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading, handling of <code>\special</code>'s, and so on. These standard headers are the <samp><span class="file">.pro</span></samp> files (for “prologue”) in the installation directory -`<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>'; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (“long +‘<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>’; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (“long prologue”) files in the distribution by stripping comments, squeezing blank lines, etc., for maximum efficiency. If you want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> version. - <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-395"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-396"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the `<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>' level + <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-419"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-420"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’ level when header files are included. <ul class="menu"> @@ -2236,15 +2284,15 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4> -<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-397"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-398"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-399"></a> -<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-400"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or +<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-421"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-422"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-423"></a> +<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-424"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or header file might need to be sent first. The Dvips program provides -support for this with the `<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>' <code>\special</code>. For instance, +support for this with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code>. For instance, to ensure that <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> gets downloaded: <pre class="example"> \special{header=foo.ps} </pre> - <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-401"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a + <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-425"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the printer. If the font isn't used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can't know you've used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in: @@ -2259,7 +2307,7 @@ the file itself, as follows: <pre class="example"> \special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}} </pre> - <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-402"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-403"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-404"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-405"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and + <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-426"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-427"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-428"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-429"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and <code>post code</code> just after. It is required to use the (balanced) braces in <em>all</em> of the arguments, including the <code>header</code>, when using this extended syntax. @@ -2289,16 +2337,16 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4> -<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-406"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-407"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-408"></a> +<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-430"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-431"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-432"></a> You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your document (see the previous section). To do this, run Dvips with the -option `<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>'; this will read the file +option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>’; this will read the file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to -be downloaded with the `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS. +be downloaded with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS. - <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-409"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-410"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-411"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a `<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>' config file + <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-433"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-434"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-435"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a ‘<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>’ config file and the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript -code with a space, leaving only the `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' line and any comments +code with a space, leaving only the ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ line and any comments starting in the first column. As an example, see <samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/config.*</span></samp> (<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS). (These files also perform useful functions: controlling duplex/simplex @@ -2315,13 +2363,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4> -<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-412"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-413"></a> -<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-414"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-415"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the -output files into “sections” (see the `<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>' option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM +<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-436"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-437"></a> +<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-438"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-439"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the +output files into “sections” (see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>’ option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM budget by some value. If the header file has, in its leading commentary a line of the form - <p><a name="index-VMusage-416"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-417"></a> + <p><a name="index-VMusage-440"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-441"></a> <pre class="example"> %%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var> </pre> <p class="noindent">then <var>max</var> is used. If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then @@ -2340,7 +2388,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interacti <h3 class="section">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3> -<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-418"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-419"></a> +<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-442"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-443"></a> You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways. <ul class="menu"> @@ -2362,10 +2410,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-420"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-444"></a> For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript code can be included. Simply use a <code>\special</code> beginning with a -double quote character `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>'; there is no matching closing `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>'. +double quote character ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’; there is no matching closing ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’. <p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic: @@ -2387,12 +2435,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> </div> -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' special</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special</h4> -<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-421"></a> -<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-422"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair, +<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-445"></a> +<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-446"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair, guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the -document. The `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' special, however, allows you to insert literal +document. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ special, however, allows you to insert literal PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should understand what you're doing (and you shouldn't change the PostScript graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences). This @@ -2403,17 +2451,22 @@ of the following will work: \special{ps::<var>text</var>} \special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>} \special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>} + \special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>} </pre> <p class="noindent">(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are -present). `<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>' do no positioning, so they -can be used to continue PostScript literals started with `<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>'. +present). ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>’ do no positioning, so they +can be used to continue PostScript literals started with ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>’. + + <p>Literal PostScript instructions after ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps::[nobreak]</span></samp>’ are +<em>not</em> broken into lines. This feature may be used to include +PostScript comments, for example. - <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-423"></a>In addition, the variant + <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-447"></a>In addition, the variant <pre class="example"> \special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>} </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-424"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-448"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except for omitting lines that begin with %). An example of the proper use of literal specials can be found in the file <samp><span class="file">rotate.tex</span></samp>, which makes it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees. @@ -2427,16 +2480,16 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> </div> -<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' <code>\special</code></h4> +<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <code>\special</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-literal-headers-425"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-426"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-427"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-428"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document, +<p><a name="index-literal-headers-449"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-450"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-451"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-452"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document, for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later. -The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an `<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>' is copied into +The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an ‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ is copied into the output file. A dictionary <code>SDict</code> will be current when this code is executed; Dvips arranges for <code>SDict</code> to be first on the dictionary stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether -literally (the `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>' special) or through macros (e.g., +literally (the ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ special) or through macros (e.g., <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>). <p>For example: @@ -2454,20 +2507,20 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4> -<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-429"></a> +<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-453"></a> Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the PostScript is printing. - <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-430"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-431"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-432"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-433"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>, + <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-454"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-455"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-456"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-457"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>, <code>start-hook</code>, or <code>end-hook</code> are defined in <code>userdict</code>, they will be executed at the beginning of a page, end of a page, start of the document, and end of a document, respectively. - <p><a name="index-draft-copies-434"></a><a name="index-dated-output-435"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system + <p><a name="index-draft-copies-458"></a><a name="index-dated-output-459"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system and origin is in effect. Such macros can be defined in headers added by -the `<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>' option or the `<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>' special, and might be useful +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>’ option or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>’ special, and might be useful for writing, for instance, `DRAFT' across the entire page, or, with the aid of a shell script, dating the document. These macros are executed outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is @@ -2475,7 +2528,7 @@ possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added information will be lost across section breaks. - <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-436"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the + <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-460"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the first page gets zero, the second one, etc. <code>bop-hook</code> must leave this number on the stack. None of the other hooks are passed arguments. @@ -2486,10 +2539,10 @@ a light grey `DRAFT' across each page in the document: 65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont 0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end} </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-437"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across + <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-461"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across pages breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions, -so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the `<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>' -option to turn off structured comments (such as `<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>'). +so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>’ +option to turn off structured comments (such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>’). Otherwise, programs that read your file will assume its pages are independent. @@ -2503,7 +2556,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4> -<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-438"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-439"></a> +<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-462"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-463"></a> To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript are presented without explanation: @@ -2519,7 +2572,7 @@ are presented without explanation: \line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}% \hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss} </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-440"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-441"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-442"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is + <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-464"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-465"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-466"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is matched with a <code>grestore</code> on the same page. Do not use <code>save</code> and <code>restore</code>; they can interact with the PostScript generated by Dvips if care is not taken. Try to understand what the above macros are @@ -2536,13 +2589,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interacti <h3 class="section">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3> -<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-443"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002dz-444"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-445"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-446"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you -specify the `<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>' option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below -will be converted into `<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>' PostScript operators to specify -links. Without `<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>', <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored. +<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-467"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_002dz-468"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-469"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-470"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you +specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’ option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below +will be converted into ‘<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>’ PostScript operators to specify +links. Without ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’, <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored. - <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-447"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-448"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to + <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-471"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-472"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to make a PDF file. (It can still be handled by ordinary PostScript interpreters as well.) Various versions of both PC and Unix distillers are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support @@ -2552,8 +2605,8 @@ are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/support/hypertex</span></samp>. For CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>. - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-449"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-450"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-451"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-452"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-453"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-454"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-455"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was -written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the `<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-473"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-474"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-475"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-476"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-477"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-478"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-479"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was +written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>’ program. You can retrieve their software and additional documentation via the CTAN reference above. You may also be interested in the Java previewer IDVI, available at <a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi">http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</a>, @@ -2578,8 +2631,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4> -<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-456"></a> -<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-457"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-458"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-459"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-460"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-461"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard +<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-480"></a> +<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-481"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-482"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-483"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-484"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-485"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard 35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as bitmaps by default. The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen. @@ -2591,7 +2644,7 @@ They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at any screen or printer resolution. <p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts, -add `<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>' to the dvips command line switches. The printout +add ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’ to the dvips command line switches. The printout for a run should look something like this: <pre class="smallexample"> dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps @@ -2609,7 +2662,7 @@ it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it. You can confirm this by examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section starting <code>%%BeginFont: CMR10</code> followed by an entry <code>/FontType 1 def</code>. - <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>' option requires that the relevant outline + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>’ option requires that the relevant outline (<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). For example, the <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp> file might be in <samp><span class="file">/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</span></samp>. Your TeX distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional @@ -2625,9 +2678,9 @@ Ghostscript. The <code>ps2pdf</code> that comes with <code>Ghostscript</code> version 6.0 or earlier will not embed Type 1 fonts. Current recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0. You can check the fonts in a PDF file with Acrobat Reader by selecting -the menu entries `<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>'. +the menu entries ‘<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-462"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-463"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-464"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters + <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-486"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-487"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-488"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters (character code 32) from strings. Unfortunately, the PostScript fonts use this character code for characters other than space (notably the Greek letter psi in the <code>Symbol</code> font), and so these characters are @@ -2638,7 +2691,7 @@ blanks in strings to a character code that isn't in the font. This works because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally -replace `<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>' with `<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>' (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and +replace ‘<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>’ with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>’ (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and get the desired result. With the public domain fonts, you will probably have to use a character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts duplicate the first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS @@ -2666,8 +2719,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a> <h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4> -<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-465"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-466"></a> -<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-467"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not +<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-489"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-490"></a> +<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-491"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not involve modifying TeX itself. We need only define some specials; Arthur Smith (<a href="mailto:apsmith@aps.org">apsmith@aps.org</a>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following: @@ -2681,49 +2734,49 @@ Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following: are uninterpreted by TeX itself. They are instructions to DVI processors only. - <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-468"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-469"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-470"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-471"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL), -possibly extended with a `<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>' construct, -where <var>type</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>' (for bibliographic references), `<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>', etc. For example, + <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-492"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-493"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-494"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-495"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL), +possibly extended with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>’ construct, +where <var>type</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>’ (for bibliographic references), ‘<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>’, etc. For example, <pre class="smallexample"> \special{html:<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1">} </pre> <p class="noindent">is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy. - <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-472"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a> + <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-496"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a> for a precise description of base URL's. <p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>'s: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>'<a name="index-href-473"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-474"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example: +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>’<a name="index-href-497"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-498"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example: <pre class="example"> \special{html:<a href="http://www.tug.org/">}\TeX\ Users Group\special{html:</a>} - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">The user will be able to click on the text `TeX Users Group' while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page. (By the way, this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use macros to insert the <code>\special</code> commands; reference above.) - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>'<a name="index-name-475"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-476"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>’<a name="index-name-499"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-500"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be resolved. For example: <pre class="example"> \special{html:<a name="paradise">}Paradise\special{html:</a>} is exactly where you are right now. - </pre> - <p>This will resolve an `<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>'. You'll also have to -change the catcode of `<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>', etc. It's usually easiest to use +</pre> + <p>This will resolve an ‘<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>’. You'll also have to +change the catcode of ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’, etc. It's usually easiest to use existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as <samp><span class="file">hyperref</span></samp> for LaTeX. The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>'<a name="index-img-477"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-478"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>’<a name="index-img-501"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-502"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp><span class="file">mailcap</span></samp> file (see the Xdvi documentation). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>'<a name="index-base-479"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’<a name="index-base-503"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets. Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by default. </dl> - <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>' tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’ tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer. <div class="node"> @@ -2737,14 +2790,14 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">6 PostScript fonts</h2> -<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-480"></a> +<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-504"></a> Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents. To use a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps with that. <p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts -(`<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>' through `<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>'), plus other freely +(‘<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>’ through ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>’), plus other freely or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips. To use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the installation procedure (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). This chapter is @@ -2768,7 +2821,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> <h3 class="section">6.1 Font concepts</h3> -<p><a name="index-font-concepts-481"></a> +<p><a name="index-font-concepts-505"></a> The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained in two files: a <dfn>metric file</dfn> that contains shape-independent information and a <dfn>glyph file</dfn> that contains the actual shapes of @@ -2800,7 +2853,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Metric files</h4> -<p><a name="index-metric-files-482"></a> +<p><a name="index-metric-files-506"></a> A <dfn>metric file</dfn> describes properties of the font that are independent of what the characters actually look like. Aside from general information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds @@ -2810,40 +2863,40 @@ character code, and information about sequences of characters. <p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and italic correction of each character in the font. Any might be zero. - <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-483"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-484"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file + <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-507"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-508"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file specifies <dfn>kerning</dfn>, i.e., adding or removing space between particular character pairs. It further specifies <dfn>ligature</dfn> information: when a sequence of input characters should be typeset as a single (presumably different) “ligature” character. For example, it's -traditional for the input `<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>' to be typeset as `fi', not as +traditional for the input ‘<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>’ to be typeset as `fi', not as `<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>' (with the dot of the `i' colliding with `f'). (In English, the only common ligatures are fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.) <p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats: <ul> -<li><a name="index-afm-files-485"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-486"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (`<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>') +<li><a name="index-afm-files-509"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-510"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>’) file. These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily. You can get AFM files for Adobe's fonts from <a href="ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs">ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs</a>. - <li><a name="index-tfm-files-487"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-488"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (`<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>') files. When you say -`<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>' in your TeX document, TeX reads a file -named `<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>'. (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> + <li><a name="index-tfm-files-511"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-512"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’) files. When you say +‘<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>’ in your TeX document, TeX reads a file +named ‘<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’. (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> feature; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>). TeX can then calculate the space occupied by characters from the font when typesetting. In addition, the DVI drivers you use to print or view the DVI file produced by TeX may need to look at the TFM file. - <p><a name="index-property-list-files-489"></a><a name="index-tftopl-490"></a><a name="index-pltotf-491"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-492"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM + <p><a name="index-property-list-files-513"></a><a name="index-tftopl-514"></a><a name="index-pltotf-515"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-516"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM -file into a human-readable “property list” (`<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>') file. You can +file into a human-readable “property list” (‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’) file. You can also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM with the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>). Editing metrics by hand is not something you're likely to want to do often, but the capability is there. - <li><a name="index-pfm-files-493"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-494"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn> -(`<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>') files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the + <li><a name="index-pfm-files-517"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-518"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn> +(‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>’) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them further. @@ -2864,7 +2917,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4> -<p><a name="index-glyph-files-495"></a> +<p><a name="index-glyph-files-519"></a> Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75, say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75 @@ -2876,7 +2929,7 @@ know character shapes. <p>A <dfn>glyph file</dfn> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters in a font. The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps. - <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-496"></a><a name="index-arcs-497"></a><a name="index-splines-498"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in + <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-520"></a><a name="index-arcs-521"></a><a name="index-splines-522"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and splines) that define its contours. Different sizes of a character are generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point @@ -2884,25 +2937,25 @@ generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point usually also contain <dfn>hints</dfn>—additional information to improve the appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions. - <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-499"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-500"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-501"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-502"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-503"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the + <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-523"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-524"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-525"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-526"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-527"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <dfn>Type 1</dfn>. The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending -in `<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>' (“printer font ASCII”) or `<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>' (“printer font +in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ (“printer font ASCII”) or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’ (“printer font binary”). - <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-504"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-505"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-506"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard + <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-528"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-529"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-530"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard TeX fonts are <dfn>bitmap fonts</dfn>, generated from Metafont -(`<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>') descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX +(‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’) descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX generates bitmaps from these descriptions. - <p><a name="index-pk-files-507"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-508"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in + <p><a name="index-pk-files-531"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-532"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in <dfn>packed font</dfn> (PK) files. The names of these files end in -`<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>', where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in +‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in dots per inch. For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> contains the bitmaps for -the `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>' font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. (On DOS +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’ font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. (On DOS filesystems, it's more likely <samp><span class="file">dpi600\cmr10.pk</span></samp>.) - <p><a name="index-gf-files-509"></a><a name="index-gftopk-510"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g., + <p><a name="index-gf-files-533"></a><a name="index-gftopk-534"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g., <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately to PK format (using the <code>gftopk</code> utility that comes with TeX) since PK files are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF @@ -2919,7 +2972,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4> -<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-511"></a> +<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-535"></a> A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is constructed by extracting characters from one or more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters in various ways. The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice @@ -2931,13 +2984,13 @@ Wizards” (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/info/virtual-fonts.knu see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). (Don't be intimidated by the subtitle.) - <p><a name="index-vf-files-512"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-513"></a>A virtual font (`<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>') file specifies, for each character in the + <p><a name="index-vf-files-536"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-537"></a>A virtual font (‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’) file specifies, for each character in the virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character. A VF file, like a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format. The <code>vftovp</code> and <code>vptovf</code> programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL (virtual property list) format and back again. See <a href="web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>. - <p><a name="index-base-fonts-514"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward + <p><a name="index-base-fonts-538"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward way, the recipe says: character <var>i</var> in the VF font is character <var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>. The font <var>f</var> is called a <dfn>base font</dfn>. For example, the VF file could remap the characters of the PostScript @@ -2948,7 +3001,7 @@ See <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>. corresponding TFM for use with TeX. This corresponding TFM is created when you run <code>vptovf</code>. - <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-515"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-516"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy + <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-539"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-540"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy (see <a href="web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>). This is useful if you are using a DVI translator that doesn't understand vf's itself. @@ -2963,7 +3016,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 Encodings</h4> -<p><a name="index-encodings-517"></a> +<p><a name="index-encodings-541"></a> Every font, whatever its type, has an <dfn>encoding</dfn>, that specifies the correspondence between “logical” characters and character codes. For example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65 @@ -2973,7 +3026,7 @@ character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a metric file (see <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>). - <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-518"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use + <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-542"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use with it. For example, the plain TeX macro <code>\'</code>, which typesets an acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is at position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX @@ -2985,17 +3038,17 @@ particular character positions. A better solution is to create a new font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where TeX expects it to be. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>. - <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-519"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-520"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-521"></a> + <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-543"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-544"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-545"></a> PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names -called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>. An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (`<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>') +called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>. An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’) gives such a vector, together with ligature and kerning information (with which we are not concerned at the moment). These encoding files are used by the Afm2tfm program. Encoding files are also downloaded to the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font. - <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-522"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-523"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-524"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-525"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-526"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-527"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes -with Dvips in the `<samp><span class="samp">reencode</span></samp>' directory is a good (but not perfect) + <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-546"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-547"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-548"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-549"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-550"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-551"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes +with Dvips in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">reencode</span></samp>’ directory is a good (but not perfect) approximation to the TeX encoding for TeX's Computer Modern text fonts. This is the encoding of the fonts that originated with Dvips, such as <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>. The distribution includes many other encoding @@ -3015,7 +3068,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</h4> -<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-528"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-529"></a> +<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-552"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-553"></a> The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset your document by transforming it into toner on paper. Your printer, in @@ -3024,7 +3077,7 @@ instructions in this typesetting program. <p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you use in your document. Fonts built into your printer (probably the -standard 35: `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>', <small class="dots">...</small>) are +standard 35: ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>) are defined within the interpreter itself. Other fonts must be downloaded as pfa or pfb files (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) from your host (the computer on which you're running Dvips). @@ -3034,7 +3087,7 @@ what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings, and other information. (If you're not wondering, skip this section <small class="dots">...</small>) - <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-530"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is + <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-554"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is <code>show</code>. Suppose you've asked TeX to typeset an `S'. This will eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this PostScript operation: @@ -3044,11 +3097,11 @@ PostScript operation: <p class="noindent">Here is how PostScript typesets the `S': <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-531"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the +<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-555"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable in a standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.) - <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-532"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-533"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values. + <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-556"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-557"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values. A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which contains entries for certain names. (If these entries are missing, the interpreter refuses to do anything with that font.) @@ -3056,20 +3109,20 @@ to do anything with that font.) <p>PostScript has a notion of “the current font”—whatever font is currently being typeset in. - <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-534"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-535"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is `<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>', + <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-558"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-559"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>’, which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font. This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character to a name. <li>The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding vector. This value is a PostScript name: <code>/S</code>. - <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-536"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-537"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the + <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-560"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-561"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the interpreter now looks up <code>/S</code> as a key in a dictionary named <code>CharStrings</code>, another mandatory entry in a font dictionary. - <li><a name="index-hints-538"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-539"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a -series of standard PostScript commands like `<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>', and so on. These commands are executed to + <li><a name="index-hints-562"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-563"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a +series of standard PostScript commands like ‘<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’, and so on. These commands are executed to draw the character. There can also be <dfn>hint information</dfn> that helps adapt the character to low-resolution rasters. (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.) The commands are actually represented in a more compact way than @@ -3092,7 +3145,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> <h3 class="section">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3> -<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-540"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-541"></a> +<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-564"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-565"></a> To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to install the font on your system and then define it within the document. Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any @@ -3100,7 +3153,7 @@ document thereafter and you don't need to reinstall it. You must have an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file. - <p>In the following examples, we use the font `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>' to + <p>In the following examples, we use the font ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ to illustrate the process. But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them. The prebuilt fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described @@ -3115,26 +3168,26 @@ the prebuilt fonts. <li>Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font, and the VPL form of the virtual font: <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr - </pre> +</pre> <li>Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font from the VPL file: <pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm - </pre> +</pre> <li>Insert an entry for the font in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): <pre class="example"> rptmr Times-Roman <ptmr8a.pfa - </pre> +</pre> <li>Install the files in the standard locations, as in: <pre class="example"> cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/... cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/... cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/... cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/... - </pre> +</pre> </ol> <p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something like this: - <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-542"></a> + <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-566"></a> <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr </pre> <p class="noindent">This reads the file <samp><span class="file">Times-Roman.afm</span></samp>, and produces two files as @@ -3142,7 +3195,7 @@ output, namely the virtual property list'file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl< “raw” font metric file <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp>. To use the font in TeX, you first run - <p><a name="index-vptovf-543"></a> + <p><a name="index-vptovf-567"></a> <pre class="example"> vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm </pre> <p class="noindent">You should then install the virtual font file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vf</span></samp> where Dvips @@ -3152,11 +3205,11 @@ TeX and Dvips will see them. <p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips. But nevertheless, that's how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that's what we -document here. The `<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>' prefix convention is likewise historical +document here. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ prefix convention is likewise historical accident. <p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp> -before running `<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>'; such editing might add the uppercase Greek +before running ‘<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>’; such editing might add the uppercase Greek characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance. (This has already been done for the prebuilt fonts.) @@ -3165,8 +3218,8 @@ things like this in TeX: <pre class="example"> \font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt \myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman. </pre> - <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (`<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>', which is analogous to -the font in the printer) and one virtual (`<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>', which has been + <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (‘<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>’, which is analogous to +the font in the printer) and one virtual (‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’, which has been remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting know-how added. You could also say @@ -3175,7 +3228,7 @@ know-how added. You could also say <p class="noindent">and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special letters like -The virtual font `<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>' not only has ligatures and kerning, and +The virtual font ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’ not only has ligatures and kerning, and most of the standard accent conventions of TeX, it also has a few additional features not present in the Computer Modern fonts. For example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such as the Polish ogonek @@ -3196,10 +3249,10 @@ printer, so there's no need to download any Type 1 file for it. But if you are actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely they are not built in to the printer. - <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-544"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-545"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using + <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-568"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-569"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer's memory and it does take time. You may find downloading bitmap fonts -(possibly compressed, with the `<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>' option) to be faster than using +(possibly compressed, with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>’ option) to be faster than using the built-in PostScript fonts. <div class="node"> @@ -3213,7 +3266,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> <h3 class="section">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3> -<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-546"></a> +<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-570"></a> The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself). The @@ -3221,7 +3274,7 @@ results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options. You can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font. - <p><a name="index-fontinst-547"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-548"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-549"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's + <p><a name="index-fontinst-571"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-572"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-573"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's <code>fontinst</code> program, available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp> (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). @@ -3242,11 +3295,11 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4> -<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-550"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-551"></a> +<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-574"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-575"></a> Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font (for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The -`<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' options changes the TeX encoding, `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' changes the -PostScript encoding, and `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>' changes both simultaneously, as +‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option changes the TeX encoding, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ changes the +PostScript encoding, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ changes both simultaneously, as detailed in the sections below. <ul class="menu"> @@ -3265,20 +3318,20 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font </div> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>': Changing TeX encodings</h5> +<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’: Changing TeX encodings</h5> -<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-552"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-553"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-554"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the `<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>' option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font -with `<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>'. (`<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' is ignored if neither -`<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>' nor `<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>' is present.) Any ligature and kerning +<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-576"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-577"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-578"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font +with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>’. (‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ is ignored if neither +‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ nor ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ is present.) Any ligature and kerning information you specify in <var>tex-enc</var> will be used in the VPL, in addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file. <p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>, that character will be omitted from the output VPL. - <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-555"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>' option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript + <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-579"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’ option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such as Computer Modern. For instance, if you have a PostScript font that contains math symbols, you'd probably want to use the encoding in the @@ -3295,11 +3348,11 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font </div> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>': Changing PostScript encodings</h5> +<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’: Changing PostScript encodings</h5> -<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-556"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-557"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-558"></a> +<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-580"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-581"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-582"></a> By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file. You can -specify a different PostScript encoding with `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>'. +specify a different PostScript encoding with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>’. This makes the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the encoding specified in the encoding file <var>ps-enc</var>. Any ligature or kern information specified in <var>ps-enc</var> is ignored by Afm2tfm, since @@ -3310,13 +3363,13 @@ as part of any document that uses this font. You do this by adding a line like the following one to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>): <pre class="example"> zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" <myenc.enc </pre> - <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-559"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-560"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-561"></a>Using `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' is the only way to access characters in a PostScript + <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-583"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-584"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-585"></a>Using ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’ is the only way to access characters in a PostScript font that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other -characters. For instance, Adobe's `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>' font contains the -extra characters `<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>' (among others); +characters. For instance, Adobe's ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ font contains the +extra characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>’ (among others); these can only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding. - <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-562"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font + <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-586"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason. <div class="node"> @@ -3328,12 +3381,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font </div> -<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>': Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5> +<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5> -<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-563"></a> -The option `<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>' is equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p -</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>'. If you make regular use of a private -non-standard reencoding `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>' is usually a better idea than the +<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-587"></a> +The option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>’ is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p +</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>’. If you make regular use of a private +non-standard reencoding ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ is usually a better idea than the individual options, to avoid unexpected inconsistencies in mapping otherwise. An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats font: when you have a TeX encoding that is designed to be used with a @@ -3350,7 +3403,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font <h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h5> -<p><a name="index-reencoding-564"></a><a name="index-remapping-565"></a> +<p><a name="index-reencoding-588"></a><a name="index-remapping-589"></a> The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font corresponding to a PostScript font by <dfn>reencoding</dfn> the PostScript font. Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX @@ -3368,19 +3421,19 @@ sometimes called a <dfn>remapping</dfn>. <p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the -character name `<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>'; then the default PostScript encoding, as +character name ‘<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>’; then the default PostScript encoding, as found in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the -character name `<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>' to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding +character name ‘<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>’ to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding works in reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and then yielding the corresponding number.) The combined mapping of 19 to 194 shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact that the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of the TFM file for the virtual font. - <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-566"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-567"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-568"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-569"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-570"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>) + <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-590"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-591"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-592"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-593"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-594"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>) mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents. The exceptions: -the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>', -but position <code>0xCD</code> in `<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>'); the dot accent (at positions +the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, +but position <code>0xCD</code> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>’); the dot accent (at positions <code>0x5F</code> and <code>0xC7</code>, respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring <code>\AA</code>, whose definition needs different tweaking. In order to use these accents with PostScript fonts or in math mode when @@ -3389,7 +3442,7 @@ following definitions. These definitions will not work with the Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents. They are already part of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use with LaTeX. - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-571"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-572"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-573"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-574"></a> + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-595"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-596"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-597"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-598"></a> <pre class="example"> \def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}} \def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}} \def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 } @@ -3398,25 +3451,25 @@ of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use wi \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A} </pre> - <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-575"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the `<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>'s that result from + <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-599"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the ‘<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>’s that result from the various possible choices for reencoding. <dl> <dt>default encoding<dd> <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding) - </pre> - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>'<dd> +</pre> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding) - </pre> - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>'<dd> +</pre> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding) - </pre> - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>'<dd> +</pre> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>’<dd> <pre class="example"> (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding) - </pre> +</pre> </dl> -<p class="noindent">The `<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>' line appears in the VPL file but is +<p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>’ line appears in the VPL file but is ignored by Dvips. <div class="node"> @@ -3429,13 +3482,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font <h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h5> -<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-576"></a> +<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-600"></a> Afm2tfm's encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example: <pre class="example"> % <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span> - % <span class="roman">is `<samp>LIGKERN</samp>'; see below.</span> - /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading `<samp>/</samp>'</span> + % <span class="roman">is ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp><span class="roman">’; see below.</span> + /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span> /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ... /A /B ... /Z ... /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent @@ -3444,56 +3497,56 @@ PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example: <p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at the PostScript level (see the previous section). - <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-577"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end -of the line, are ignored unless they start with `<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>' (see below). + <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-601"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end +of the line, are ignored unless they start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>’ (see below). <p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash -`<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>' (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the -encoding. The next word must be an left bracket `<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>'. Following -that must be precisely 256 character names; use `<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>' for any +‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the +encoding. The next word must be an left bracket ‘<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>’. Following +that must be precisely 256 character names; use ‘<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>’ for any that you want to leave undefined. Then there must be a matching right -bracket <code>]</code>. A final `<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>' token is optional. All names are +bracket <code>]</code>. A final ‘<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>’ token is optional. All names are case-sensitive. <p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment. If the first -word after the `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' is `<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>', then the entire rest of the +word after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ is ‘<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>’, then the entire rest of the line is parsed for ligature and kern information. This ligature and kern information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated by a space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a line) another space. - <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-578"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be + <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-602"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be specified. These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and the character value of this font's boundary character. - <p><a name="index-boundary-character-579"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is -specified as `<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>'. To set the font's boundary character value for + <p><a name="index-boundary-character-603"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is +specified as ‘<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>’. To set the font's boundary character value for TeX: <pre class="example"> % LIGKERN || = 39 ; </pre> <p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters -(without the leading slash) separated by `<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>', as in `<samp><span class="samp">one -{} one ;</span></samp>'. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might -use `<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>' in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a +(without the leading slash) separated by ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">one +{} one ;</span></samp>’. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might +use ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’ in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a particular location. Either or both of the character names can be given -as `<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>', which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all -kerns can be removed with `<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>'. +as ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all +kerns can be removed with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-580"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-581"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters, + <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-604"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-605"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters, followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the replacing character name. Either (but not both) of the first two -characters can be `<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>' to indicate a word boundary. +characters can be ‘<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>’ to indicate a word boundary. - <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-582"></a>The most common operation is `<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>' meaning that both characters are -removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the `<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>' -character on either side of the `<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>', you can retain either or both + <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-606"></a>The most common operation is ‘<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>’ meaning that both characters are +removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’ +character on either side of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>’, you can retain either or both of the two leading characters. In addition, by suffixing the ligature -operation with one or two `<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>' signs, you can make the ligature +operation with one or two ‘<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>’ signs, you can make the ligature scanning operation skip that many resulting characters before proceeding. This works just like in Metafont. For example, the `fi' -ligature is specified with `<samp><span class="samp">f i =: fi ;</span></samp>'<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted -ligature is `<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|>> exclam ;</span></samp>' which separates a pair of +ligature is specified with ‘<samp><span class="samp">f i =: fi ;</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted +ligature is ‘<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|>> exclam ;</span></samp>’ which separates a pair of adjacent <code>1</code>'s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two of the resulting characters before continuing searching for ligatures and kerns. You cannot give more <tt>></tt>'s than <tt>|</tt>'s in an ligature @@ -3524,37 +3577,37 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4> -<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-583"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-584"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-585"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can +<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-607"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-608"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-609"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can do other manipulations. (Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts rather than attempting to remake them.) - <p>`<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>' makes an obliqued variant, as in: + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>’ makes an obliqued variant, as in: <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro </pre> <p class="noindent">This creates <samp><span class="file">ptmro.vpl</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmro.tfm</span></samp>. To use this font, put the line - <p><a name="index-SlantFont-586"></a> + <p><a name="index-SlantFont-610"></a> <pre class="example"> rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont" </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-587"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. Then `<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>' (our name for the obliqued + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-611"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. Then ‘<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>’ (our name for the obliqued Times) will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine <code>SlantFont</code> (which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case). - <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-588"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-589"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with + <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-612"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-613"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre </pre> <p class="noindent">and by recording the pseudo-resident font -<a name="index-ExtendFont-590"></a> +<a name="index-ExtendFont-614"></a> <pre class="example"> rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont" </pre> <p class="noindent">in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. <p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as -<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-591"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-592"></a> +<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-616"></a> <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc </pre> <p class="noindent">This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual @@ -3569,7 +3622,7 @@ independently of the rest of the font. If you want a really professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps font. - <p><a name="index-PaintType-593"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-594"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-595"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined + <p><a name="index-PaintType-617"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-618"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-619"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined (2), you can add <code>"/PaintType 2 store"</code> to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>, as in the following: @@ -3578,8 +3631,8 @@ in the following: <p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in the printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the -`<samp><span class="samp"><</span><var>filename</var></samp>' command to download the font. Each identical -line only needs to be specified once in the `<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>' file, +‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span><var>filename</var></samp>’ command to download the font. Each identical +line only needs to be specified once in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>’ file, even though many different fonts (small caps variants, or ones with different output encodings) may be based on it. @@ -3593,19 +3646,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4> -<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-596"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-597"></a> +<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-620"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-621"></a> Synopsis: <pre class="example"> afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]... <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] </pre> <p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is -extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>' to get the output filename. +extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ to get the output filename. <p>The simplest example: <pre class="example"> afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr </pre> - <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-598"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and + <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-622"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and kern information, and does no character remapping; it simply contains the character information in the AFM file in TFM form, which is the form that TeX understands. The characters have the same code in the TFM @@ -3615,46 +3668,46 @@ fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX expects (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). Although both schemes agree for the printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and accents vary. Thus, in practice, it's almost always desirable to create -a virtual font as well with the `<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>' option. +a virtual font as well with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’ option. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>. <p>The command line options to Afm2tfm: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-599"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-600"></a>See `<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>'; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-623"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-624"></a>See ‘<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>’; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the scaling of small caps. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-601"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-602"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-603"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-625"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-627"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you get a condensed font. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-604"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-605"></a>Output all character codes in the `<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>' file as octal numbers, not + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-628"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-629"></a>Output all character codes in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>’ file as octal numbers, not names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where -character names such as `<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>' have no meaning. +character names such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>’ have no meaning. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-606"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font; + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-630"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font; <var>ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in -`<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-607"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-608"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-631"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-632"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you start with an italic font). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-609"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-633"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font. Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>. <var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-610"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings -of the font. Equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-634"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings +of the font. Equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-611"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-635"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no others. By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-612"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-636"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-613"></a>Same as `<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>', but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-637"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>’, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper kerning. @@ -3671,66 +3724,66 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a> <h3 class="section">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3> -<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-614"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-616"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-617"></a> +<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-638"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-639"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-640"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-641"></a> The <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file associates a PostScript font with related files and constructs. Each line has the format: <pre class="example"> <var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var> </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-618"></a>For example, the line + <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-642"></a>For example, the line <pre class="example"> rpstrn StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb </pre> <p class="noindent">causes Dvips to download <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> if your document (just as if it were a header file, see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>) uses the font -`<samp><span class="samp">StoneInformal</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">StoneInformal</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-619"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-620"></a>If the `<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>' config file or command-line option is enabled, + <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-643"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-644"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>’ config file or command-line option is enabled, <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> will be <dfn>partially downloaded</dfn>—only those characters your document actually uses will be extracted and downloaded, and the remainder discarded. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. <p>Filenames of fonts that are partially downloaded are surrounded by curly -braces (`<samp><span class="samp">{...}</span></samp>') in the progress report Dvips writes to +braces (‘<samp><span class="samp">{...}</span></samp>’) in the progress report Dvips writes to standard output. Wholly-downloaded fonts appear inside angle brackets -(`<samp><span class="samp"><...></span></samp>'), like other downloaded files. +(‘<samp><span class="samp"><...></span></samp>’), like other downloaded files. - <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-621"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-622"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-623"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-624"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially + <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-645"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-646"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-647"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-648"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially downloaded. To partially download in general, but avoid partial -downloading for individual fonts, use `<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>' instead `<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>': +downloading for individual fonts, use ‘<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>’ instead ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’: <pre class="example"> pmnr8r Minion <<Minion.pfb </pre> - <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-625"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-627"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-628"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this: + <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-649"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-650"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-651"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-652"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this: <pre class="example"> rpstrc StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont" </pre> <p class="noindent">See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a complete list of font effects. - <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-629"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript -level with a `<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>' instruction, plus the name of the + <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-653"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript +level with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>’ instruction, plus the name of the encoding file. This allows you access to characters that may be present in the Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default—most of the preaccented characters, for example. An example: <pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-630"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-631"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>' encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a + <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-654"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-655"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>’ encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters commonly present in a Type 1 font. For more details, see the <samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips. - <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-632"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding + <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-656"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can -also use `<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>' to explicitly indicate you are downloading an +also use ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’ to explicitly indicate you are downloading an encoding vector, as in: <pre class="smallexample"> pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <[8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-633"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in `<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>', and -you are using partial font downloading, you must use the `<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-657"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’, and +you are using partial font downloading, you must use the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’ syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly. - <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-634"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-635"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension + <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-658"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-659"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension <samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp> for partial downloading to work properly. - <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-636"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB + <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-660"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this conversion yourself. In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its memory usage, just as it does for other header files (see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>). @@ -3745,22 +3798,22 @@ semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored. separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a double quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of the line. - <li>If a word starts with `<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>', it is taken as a font file to be + <li>If a word starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><<</span></samp>’, it is taken as a font file to be wholly downloaded. Use this to avoid partial downloading, as described above. - <li>If a word starts with `<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>', it is taken as an encoding file + <li>If a word starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><[</span></samp>’, it is taken as an encoding file to be downloaded. Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in -`<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>', also as described above. +‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’, also as described above. - <li>If a word starts with a `<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>' character, it is + <li>If a word starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ character, it is treated as a header file that needs to be downloaded. If the name ends -in `<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>', it is taken as Type 1 font file that will -be partially downloaded if the `<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>' option is in effect. There can -be more than one such header for a given font. If a `<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>' is a word +in ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will +be partially downloaded if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>’ option is in effect. There can +be more than one such header for a given font. If a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ is a word by itself, the next word is taken as the name of the header file. - <li>If a word starts with a `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>' character, it is taken as PostScript + <li>If a word starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ character, it is taken as PostScript code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output verbatim at the appropriate point. (And the double quotes beginning and ending the word are removed.) @@ -3783,13 +3836,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">7 Color</h2> -<p><a name="index-color-637"></a> -<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-638"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any +<p><a name="index-color-661"></a> +<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-662"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any color PostScript device. Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research, <a href="mailto:hafner@almaden.ibm.com">hafner@almaden.ibm.com</a>, the color support has gone through many changes by Tomas Rokicki. Besides the source code support itself, there -are additional TeX macro files: `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>', and corresponding `<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>' versions for use with +are additional TeX macro files: ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>’, and corresponding ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ versions for use with LaTeX. <p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document @@ -3815,13 +3868,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <h3 class="section">7.1 Color macro files</h3> -<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-639"></a><a name="index-color-macros-640"></a> -All the color macro commands are defined in `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>' (or -`<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>'). To access these macros simply add to the top of +<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-663"></a><a name="index-color-macros-664"></a> +All the color macro commands are defined in ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ (or +‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>’). To access these macros simply add to the top of your plain TeX file the command: <pre class="example"> \input colordvi </pre> - <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>' style option as in: + <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>’ style option as in: <pre class="example"> \documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article} </pre> <p class="noindent">For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable. Instead, please see @@ -3829,14 +3882,14 @@ the documentation for the graphics package, available from <samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/latex/graphics/</span></samp>. See also <samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/epslatex.ps</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-641"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-642"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-643"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local + <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-665"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-666"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-667"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color changes (the whole document). All the color names use a mixed case scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros. There are 68 predefined colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64 colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern (see <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>). You can browse the file -`<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>' for a list of the predefined colors. The comments +‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>’ for a list of the predefined colors. The comments in this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names and Pantones. @@ -3844,8 +3897,8 @@ and Pantones. <pre class="example"> \<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>} </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-644"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g., -`<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>'. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to + <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-668"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g., +‘<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>’. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to print in the specified color. This can be used for nested color changes since it restores the original color state when it completes. For example: @@ -3853,14 +3906,14 @@ example: <pre class="example"> This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red, \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original. </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-645"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-669"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history. <p>The global color command has the form <pre class="example"> \text<var>ColorName</var> </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-646"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-670"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that point on to <var>ColorName</var>. This of course can be overridden globally by another such command or locally by local color commands. For example, expanding on the example above, we might have @@ -3876,7 +3929,7 @@ expanding on the example above, we might have <p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode boundaries. This means that if you have a color before going into math mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well. In alignment -environments like <code>\halign</code>, `<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>', +environments like <code>\halign</code>, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>’, local color commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters. <p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and @@ -3899,7 +3952,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <h3 class="section">7.2 User-definable colors</h3> -<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-647"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-648"></a> +<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-671"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-672"></a> There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined. For local changes, there is the command <code>\Color</code> which takes two arguments. The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and @@ -3936,9 +3989,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <h3 class="section">7.3 Color subtleties</h3> -<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-649"></a> +<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-673"></a> Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords. As such, they -are put in the `<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>' file only as explicit message strings to the +are put in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>’ file only as explicit message strings to the driver. The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of the text can have unwanted color side effects. For example, if a color region is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of @@ -3983,9 +4036,9 @@ you want to print it in black and white there are two options. On all corresponding gray levels. This is useful to get a rough idea of the colors without using expensive color printing devices. The second option is to replace the call to input <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> with -`<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>' (and similarly for the `<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>' files). So in -the above example, replacing the word `<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>' with -`<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>' suffices. <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros +‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>’ (and similarly for the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ files). So in +the above example, replacing the word ‘<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>’ with +‘<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>’ suffices. <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros as no-ops, and so will produce normal black/white printing. By this simple mechanism, the user can switch to all black/white printing without having to ferret out the color commands. Also, some device @@ -4005,51 +4058,51 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <h3 class="section">7.5 Color device configuration</h3> -<p><a name="index-color-configuration-650"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-651"></a> +<p><a name="index-color-configuration-674"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-675"></a> To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune the color parameters to match your device's color rendition. To do this, you will need a Pantone chart for your device. The header file -`<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>' shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola +‘<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>’ shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola crayon names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK values for each of the colors. Note that these colors must be defined in CMYK terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in CMYK. This header file also defines (if they are not known to the -interpreter) the PostScript commands `<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>' in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device +interpreter) the PostScript commands ‘<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>’ in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device only understands RGB, there should be no problem. - <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-652"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-653"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone + <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-676"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-677"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons. Because these were defined for a particular device, the actual color rendition on your device may be very different. There are two ways to adjust this. One is to use the PAntone chart for your device to rewrite -`<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>' prior to compilation and installation. A better +‘<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>’ prior to compilation and installation. A better alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a header file option in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) -for each device that defines, in `<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>', the color parameters +for each device that defines, in ‘<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>’, the color parameters for those colors that need redefining. <p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining -`<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>' (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your -device `<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>', do the following. In the Pantone chart for +‘<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>’ (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your +device ‘<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>’, do the following. In the Pantone chart for your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109. Let's say they are -`<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>'. Then create a header file named -`<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>' with the commands +‘<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>’. Then create a header file named +‘<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>’ with the commands <pre class="example"> userdict begin /Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def </pre> - <p class="noindent">Finally, in `<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>' add the line + <p class="noindent">Finally, in ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>’ add the line <pre class="example"> h mycolordev.pro </pre> - <p class="noindent">This will then define `<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>' in your device's CMYK values in + <p class="noindent">This will then define ‘<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>’ in your device's CMYK values in <samp><span class="file">userdict</span></samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp><span class="file">TeXdict</span></samp> by <samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp>. (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file <samp><span class="file">mycolordev.cfg</span></samp>.) <p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> and -<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the `<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>' files), can also be used to +<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>’ files), can also be used to predefine other colors for your users. <div class="node"> @@ -4063,8 +4116,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a> <h3 class="section">7.6 Color support details</h3> <p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials. These -specials start with the keyword `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' or the keyword -`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>', followed by a color specification. +specials start with the keyword ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ or the keyword +‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’, followed by a color specification. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a> @@ -4081,29 +4134,29 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support d <h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4> -<p><a name="index-color-specifications-654"></a> +<p><a name="index-color-specifications-678"></a> What is a color specification? One of three things. First, it might be a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file. The -<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including `<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>'. +<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including ‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’. This PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value; -in this case, `<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>' is defined as `<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32 -setcmykcolor</span></samp>'. +in this case, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’ is defined as ‘<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32 +setcmykcolor</span></samp>’. <p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of -`<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>', or `<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>') followed by the +‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>’) followed by the appropriate number of parameters. When Dvips encounters such a macro, it sends out the parameters first, followed by the string created by -prefixing `<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>' to the color model. Thus, the color -specification `<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>' would generate the PostScript code -`<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>'. Note that the case of zero arguments is +prefixing ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>’ to the color model. Thus, the color +specification ‘<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>’ would generate the PostScript code +‘<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>’. Note that the case of zero arguments is disallowed, as that is handled by the single keyword case -(`<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>') above, where no changes to the name are made before it +(‘<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>’) above, where no changes to the name are made before it is sent to the PostScript file. <p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote followed by any sequence of PostScript. The double quote is stripped from the output. For instance, the color specification -`<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>' will set the `color' to the Aggie logo +‘<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>’ will set the `color' to the Aggie logo pattern (assuming such exists.) <div class="node"> @@ -4116,26 +4169,26 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support d <h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 Color specials</h4> -<p>We will describe `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' first, since it is the simplest. The -`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' keyword must be followed by a color specification. +<p>We will describe ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ first, since it is the simplest. The +‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ keyword must be followed by a color specification. That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. -The last `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' special on a page is the one that gets +The last ‘<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>’ special on a page is the one that gets issued, and it gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any text or specials are sent. (This is possible because the prescan phase of Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.) - <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special itself has three forms. -The first is just `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' followed by a color specification. In + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special itself has three forms. +The first is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. In this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty when such a command is executed. - <p>The second form is `<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>' followed by a color specification. + <p>The second form is ‘<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>’ followed by a color specification. This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to set a color. - <p>The final version of the `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special is just `<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>', + <p>The final version of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ special is just ‘<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>’, with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be that color. @@ -4148,9 +4201,9 @@ as well as simple colors. However, note that in the PostScript, only one color specification can be active at a time. For instance, at the beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the color stack is sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is that the color -specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No `<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>' is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of -the `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' specials for screens and colors, just one or the other. +specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No ‘<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>’ is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>’ specials for screens and colors, just one or the other. This may be addressed in the future by adding support for different categories of color-like state. @@ -4165,18 +4218,18 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> <ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-427"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-451"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-176"><code>! </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-420"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-347"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-437"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-444"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-357"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-461"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-168"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, not generating</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-144"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, removing</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-417"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-389"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-349"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-295"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-441"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-413"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-359"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-298"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-83"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-175"><code>- </code><span class="roman">as output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-86"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> @@ -4188,12 +4241,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-92"><code>-b </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-103"><code>-C </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-99"><code>-c </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-599"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-623"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-108"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-106"><code>-d </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dE-114"><code>-E</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-110"><code>-e </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-601"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-625"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dF-123"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002df-118"><code>-f</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dG-128"><code>-G</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> @@ -4210,397 +4263,412 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dN-165"><code>-N</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-162"><code>-n </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoomega-169"><code>-noomega</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-604"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-628"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-171"><code>-o </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-180"><code>-O </code><var>x-offset</var><code>,</code><var>y-offset</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-185"><code>-p [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-193"><code>-P </code><var>printer</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-606"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-558"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-630"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-582"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-190"><code>-pp </code><var>first</var><code>-</code><var>last</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-192"><code>-pp </code><var>range</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-260"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-263"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dq-195"><code>-q</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dR-201"><code>-R</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dr-199"><code>-r</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-205"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-207"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-607"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-563"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-218"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-208"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-610"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-609"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-554"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-611"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-222"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-219"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-225"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-224"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-613"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-612"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-231"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-229"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-444"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-241"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-236"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-486"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-259"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-633"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-394"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-505"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-508"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-634"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-502"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-635"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-503"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-494"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-492"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-393"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-488"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-206"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-208"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-631"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-587"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-219"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-209"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-634"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-633"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-578"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-635"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-223"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-220"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-226"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-225"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-637"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-636"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-232"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-230"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-235"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-468"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-242"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-237"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-205"><samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-510"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-262"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-657"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-418"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-529"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-532"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-658"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-526"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-659"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-527"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-518"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-516"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-417"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-512"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0023copies-93"><code>/#copies</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-374"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-352"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-562"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-630">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-523"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-618"><code>< </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-624"><code><< </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-632"><code><[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-582"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-266"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-572"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-574"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-644"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-573"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-362"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-370"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-364"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-368"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-369"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-571"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-353">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-360"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-373"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-440"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-646"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-267"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-570">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-215">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a4-paper-size_002c-as-default-335">a4 paper size, as default</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-214">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-384"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-362"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-586"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-654">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-547"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-642"><code>< </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-648"><code><< </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-656"><code><[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-606"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-269"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-596"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-598"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-668"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-597"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-372"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-380"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-374"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-378"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-379"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-595"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-363">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-370"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-383"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-464"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-670"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-270"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-594">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-216">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-342"><code>a4 </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-215">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-344"><code>A4size </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-204">absolute filenames, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-566">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-598">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-189">absolute page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-590">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-622">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning-112">accuracy in positioning</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts-17">Adobe fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22">Adobe fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm-files-485">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-546"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-542"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-597">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-403">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afm-files-509">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-570"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-566"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-621">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-427">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-476">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-arcs-497">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-531">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-348"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-268"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-479"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-631">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-514">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bbfig-350"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-402">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-452">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-big-points-344">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-500">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-397"><code>angle </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-arcs-521">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-555">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-358"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-271"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-base-503"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-655">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-538">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bbfig-360"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-426">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-476">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-big-points-354">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18">Bigelow & Holmes fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76">binary files, not supported</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-504">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-528">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23">Bitstream fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-430"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-375"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-454"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-385"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-349"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> <li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-184"><code>bop-hook</code><span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-579">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-343">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-346">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-351">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-603">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-353">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-356">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-361">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> <li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-117">bounding box, finding tight</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-377">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-361">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-355">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-556">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-552">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-539">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-529">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-536"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-376">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-575"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-387">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-371">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-365">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-580">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-576">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-563">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-553">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-560"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-398"><code>clip </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-386">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-599"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> <li><a href="#index-collated-copies-105">collated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-637">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-650">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-macros-640">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-643">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-645">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-661">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-674">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-macros-664">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-667">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-669">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-color-separations-95">color separations</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-654">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-649">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-648">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-407">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-678">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-673">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-672">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-431">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> <li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-77">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-264">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-577">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-267">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-601">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> <li><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included-143">comments, removing included</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compilation-3">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-384">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-242">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-457">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-518">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-603">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-408">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-243">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-481">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-542">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-627">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-config_002eproto-10"><code>config.proto</code></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-config_002eps-194"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-258"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-262">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-333">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-253">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-256">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-255">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-340"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">paper sizes</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-261"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-265">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-338">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-256">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-259">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-258">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9">configuration files, creating</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13">configuration files, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-651">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-675">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2">configuration, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-265">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-268">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-control_002dD-125">control-D</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated-104">copies, collated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-94">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated-101">copies, uncollated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-641">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-665">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-crop_002epro-141"><code>crop.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cropmarks-140">cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-532">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-269"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dated-output-435">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-273">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-556">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-272"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dated-output-459">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-276">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-debugging-107">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-debugging-48">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> <li><a href="#index-debugging-options-49">debugging options</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-306">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-310"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-309">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-313"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33">Deutsch, Peter</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-321">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-537">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-533">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-428">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-396">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-238">distillation, and `<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-447">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-568">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-324">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-561">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-557">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-452">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-420">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-239">distillation, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-471">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-592">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> <li><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing-98">double-sided printing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-620">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-616">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-451">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-434">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-337">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-409">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-371">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-455"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-263">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-522"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-244"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-245"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-280"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-246"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-248"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-249"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-308"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-383">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-270"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-271"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-545">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-644">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-640">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-475">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-458">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-346">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-433">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-381">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-479"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-266">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-546"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG-245"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-247"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-248"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-283"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-249"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-251"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-252"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-311"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-407">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-273"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-274"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-569">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps-54"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-460">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-550">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-576">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-520">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-535"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-521">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-534">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-encodings-517">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-433"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-243">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-484">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-574">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-600">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-544">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-559"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-545">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-558">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-encodings-541">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-457"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-244">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-EOF-124">EOF</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-431"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-455"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43">EPS, and Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-356">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-366">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> <li><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating-115">EPSF, generating</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-359"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-358"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-369"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-368"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Epson-printers-34">Epson printers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer-64">error messages from printer</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> <li><a href="#index-even-pages-only-97">even pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-439">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-626">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-602">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-588">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-515">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-469">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-590"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-561">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-276"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-275"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-463">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-650">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-626">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-612">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-539">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-493">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-614"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-585">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-279"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-278"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65">failure, and printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> <li><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71">failure, of long documents</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li> <li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74">failure, to include graphics</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> <li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53">failure, to print at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-305">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-387">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-363">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-367">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-308">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-411">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-373">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-377">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> <li><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a-119">filter, running as a</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-186">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-481">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-505">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-157">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontinst-547"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-401">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-551">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-617">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-589">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-388">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontinst-571"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-425">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-575">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-641">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-613">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-412">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-541">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-595">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-585">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-592">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-565">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-619">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-609">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-616">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27">fonts, system PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gf-files-509">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopk-510"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gf-files-533">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gftopk-534"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation-31">Ghostscript installation</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ghostview-41"><code>ghostview</code></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no `<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-495">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-299"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-519">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-302"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-GNU-Ghostscript-39">GNU Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-386"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-410"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73">graphics inclusion fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> <li><a href="#index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"><code>gs </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-441"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-227"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-277"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-278"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-638">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-465"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-228"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-280"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-281"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-662">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li> <li><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading-132">header file, downloading</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-390">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-279">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-398"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-412">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-408">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-400">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hints-538">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-414">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-282">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-422"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-436">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-432">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-424">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hints-562">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-391"><code>hoffset </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> <li><a href="#index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30">HP printers and Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-339">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-href-473"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-445"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-240"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and `<samp>-z</samp>'</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-449"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-450"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-567">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-237">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-458">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-456">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-465">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-443">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-281"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-454"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-348">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-href-497"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-395"><code>hscale </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-393"><code>hsize </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-469"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-241"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-473"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-474"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-591">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-238">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-482">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-480">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-489">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-467">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-284"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-478"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75">Illustrator, workaround for</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-img-477"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-img-501"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> <li><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails-72">including graphics fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-406">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-397">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-430">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-421">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6">installation of <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14">installation of PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4">installation, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-540">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-341">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-564">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-351">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="#index-inverted-output-60">inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> <li><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips-79">invoking Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-282"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-453">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-549">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-283"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removeal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-483">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-329">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-216">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-331"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-285"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-477">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-573">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoveal_0029_007d-286"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removeal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-507">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-246"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-332">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-217">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-335"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> <li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-146">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-250">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-307">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-213">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-212">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-211">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-340">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-580">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-484">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-578"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-379">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-474">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-425">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-438">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-418">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-253">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-310">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-214">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-213">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-341"><code>letter </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-212">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-350">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-343"><code>letterSize </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-604">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-508">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-602"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-389">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-498">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-449">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-462">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-442">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"><code>llx </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"><code>lly </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> <li><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing-70">long documents not printing</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li> <li><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting-129">low characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-178">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Lucida_002c-installing-19">Lucida, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-284"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-287"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-639">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-357">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-354">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-372">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-230">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-233">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-478"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-287"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-290"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-663">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-367">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-364">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-382">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-231">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-234">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-502"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> <li><a href="#index-manual-feed-151">manual feed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-maxdrift-111">maxdrift</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed-163">maximum pages printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-media-210">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-available-285">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-media-211">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-memory-available-288">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69">memory of printer exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-413">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-437">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> <li><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving-89">memory, conserving</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-544">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-581">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-568">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-605">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-155">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-506">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-metric-files-482">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-623">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-530">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-metric-files-506">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-647">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> <li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-159"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-161"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-334"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-339"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-158"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-247"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-250"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-154">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts-20">Monotype fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24">Monotype fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mtpk-226"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-622">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mtpk-227"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-646">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> <li><a href="#index-multiple-output-files-136">multiple output files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-338">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-471">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-288"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-name-475"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-628">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-347">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-495">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-291"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-name-499"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-652">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> <li><a href="#index-no-output-at-all-52">no output at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> <li><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-130">non-printing characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-615">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-291"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-289"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-583">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-605">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-639">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-294"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-292"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-607">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-629">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-odd-pages-only-91">odd pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-offset-pages-181">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Omega-extensions-170">Omega extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> @@ -4609,212 +4677,221 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips-78">options, Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li> <li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-84">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-80">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-596">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-594">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-496">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-415">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-290">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-620">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-618">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-520">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-439">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-293">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple-137">output files, multiple</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted-59">output, inverted</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output_002c-none-51">output, none</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-172">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small-58">output, too small</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-292"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-296"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-295"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-299"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-page-range-191">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-187">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-147">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-164">pages, maximum printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PaintType-593"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-642">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-332">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PaintType-617"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-666">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-337">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default-8">paper size, default</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-328">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-336">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paper-type-209">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-330"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-217">papersize special, and no `<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-619">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-461">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-448">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-331">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-345">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-paper-type-210">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-334"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-218">papersize special, and no ‘<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-643">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-485">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-472">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-37">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-239">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-446"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-500">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-501">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-636">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-493">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-652">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-436">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-240">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-470"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-524">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-525">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-660">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-517">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-676">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-148">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-188">physical page number, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-460">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable-121">pipes, not readable</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pk-files-507">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-297"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-423"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, `<samp>ps</samp>' subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pltotf-491"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pk-files-531">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-447"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp><span class="roman">’ subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pltotf-515"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-174"><code>popen </code><span class="roman">for output</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-333">portrait orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li> <li><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy-113">positioning accuracy</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-405"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-419">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-519">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-557">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-293">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-220">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-480">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-429"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-443">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-543">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-581">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-296">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-221">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-504">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16">PostScript fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-391">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-429">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-342">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-415">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-453">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-352">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers-36">PostScript previewers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-345">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-355">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-404"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-428"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output-35">previewing Dvips output</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-251"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-254"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-7">printer configuration</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12">printer configuration file, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-errors-63">printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-286">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-289">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted-68">printer memory exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-offset-182">printer offset</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-261"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with `<samp>-f</samp>'</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-264"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-122"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly-126">printer, driving directly</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-problems-46">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-489">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-513">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11">prototype printer configuration file</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-421"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-380"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-614"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-587"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-445"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-390"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-638"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-611"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> <li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-29"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-392"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-462">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pstopk-228"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-302"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-301"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-416"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-486">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pstopk-229"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-305"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-304"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-196">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-303"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-304"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-527"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencoding-564">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-629">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-560"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-remapping-565">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-294">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-221">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolution-232">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-306"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-307"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-551"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-reencoding-588">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-653">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-584"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-remapping-589">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-297">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-222">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-resolution-233">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-109">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-200">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"><code>rhi </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-424"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-312"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-311"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-448"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"><code>rwi </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-315"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-314"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62">save/restore, and inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-442"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-422">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-206">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-381"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-366">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-600">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-569">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-411">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SDict-382"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-426"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-257">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-414">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-466"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-446">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-207">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-405"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-376">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-624">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-593">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-435">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SDict-406"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-450"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-260">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-438">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> <li><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-135">sections output, in separate files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-security-202">security</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-203">shell command execution, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-274">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-277">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-530"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-554"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="#index-silent-operation-197">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-410">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-584">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-608">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-586"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-591">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-467">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-434">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-608">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-632">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-610"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-615">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-491">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts-21">Softkey fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25">Softkey fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-464">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-466">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-splines-498">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-488">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-490">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-splines-522">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking-127">spooler, lacking</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-179">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO-120">standard I/O</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-85">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-173">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-432"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-456"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-structured-comments-166">structured comments</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-272"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-315"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-653">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-275"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-318"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-677">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-testpage_002etex-183"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-553">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-399">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-252"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-300"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-317"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-314"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-524"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-577">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-423">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-255"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-303"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-320"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-317"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-548"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-160"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-525"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-555"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-526"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-254"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-313"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-298"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-309"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-378">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-487">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-316"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tftopl-490"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-549"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-579"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-550"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-257"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-316"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-301"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-312"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-388">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-511">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-319"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tftopl-514"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40">Theisen, Tim</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-116">tight bounding box, finding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> <li><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output-61">too-small output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-559"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-463">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-583"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-487">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TranScript-167">TranScript</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-625">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-649">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> <li><a href="#index-trouble-47">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-499">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-528">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-318"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-523">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-552">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-321"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-uncollated-copies-102">uncollated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-385">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-468">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-472">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-470">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-647">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-395"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-409">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-492">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-336"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-496">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-494">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"><code>urx </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"><code>ury </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-671">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-419"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-133">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-319"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-365">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vf-files-512">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-516">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-320">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-511">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-548">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-322"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-375">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vf-files-536">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-540">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-323">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-535">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-572">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li> <li><a href="#index-VM-exhausted-67">VM exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VMusage-416"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-513">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vptovf-543"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-322"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-323">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VMusage-440"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-392"><code>voffset </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-537">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vptovf-567"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-396"><code>vscale </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-394"><code>vsize </code><span class="roman">(‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">’ special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-325"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-326">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-198">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-621">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-627">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-324"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-223">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-325"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-645">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-651">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-327"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-224">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-328"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26">Y&Y fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-326"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-327"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-329"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-330"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-177"><code>| </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li> </ul><!-- INSTALLONLY --> </body></html> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf Binary files differindex f660e8ba78d..4fb49a0c3a7 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/dir b/Master/texmf/doc/info/dir index 0440ef6f2ff..3f8ce24f548 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/dir +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/dir @@ -17,14 +17,12 @@ File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree Texinfo documentation system * Info: (info). How to use the documentation browsing system. * Texinfo: (texinfo). The GNU documentation format. -* Texi2HTML: (texi2html). Texinfo to HTML Converter. * info standalone: (info-stnd). Read Info documents without Emacs. * infokey: (info-stnd)Invoking infokey. Compile Info customizations. * install-info: (texinfo)Invoking install-info. Update info/dir entries. * makeinfo: (texinfo)Invoking makeinfo. Translate Texinfo source. * texi2dvi: (texinfo)Format with texi2dvi. Print Texinfo documents. * texindex: (texinfo)Format with tex/texindex. Sort Texinfo index files. -* Wget: (wget). The non-interactive network downloader. TeX * DVI-to-PNG: (dvipng). DVI to Portable Network Graphics (PNG). diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvipng.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvipng.info index e2f4323ec73..0b9be7c8220 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvipng.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvipng.info @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -This is dvipng.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from -../../../texk/dvipng/dvipng.texi. +This is dvipng.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from +../../../TeXlive-svn/texk/dvipng/dvipng.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ dvipng This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics). - This file documents dvipng version 1.9 + This file documents dvipng version 1.11 Corrections or perhaps rewrites of sections are _very welcome_. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics). * Color:: Using color with dvipng * Diagnosing problems:: Problems? * Credits:: People who have contributed -* Copying:: GNU General Public License +* Copying:: GNU Lesser General Public License * Index:: General index @@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ homework problems to students over the internet, giving students instant feedback as to whether or not their answers are correct, see `http://webwork.math.rochester.edu'. + A more recent addition to the dvipng-using applications out there is +MediaWiki, the software behind Wikipedia and many other wikis out +there. Dvipng is used to render mathematical formulae from version +1.8.0 of MediaWiki, see `http://www.mediawiki.org'. + Other applications may also benefit, like web applications as latex2html and WYSIWYG editors like LyX. @@ -125,25 +130,30 @@ File: dvipng.info, Node: Prerequisites, Next: Configure, Up: Installation * The font-rendering library FreeType 2 - While not strictly necessary, FreeType 2 is recommended since - dvipng currently will produce better-quality images with this - library available. It will also enable direct support for - PostScript and TrueType fonts, and subfont support in dvipng. That - is, if you want to render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have - FreeType 2 installed. With FreeType 2, dvipng will not need to - generate bitmapped variants on disk of the TeX fonts since modern - TeX distributions include PostScript versions of them. Then, you - can render images at different (and unusual) resolutions without - cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. + While not strictly necessary, a recent FreeType 2 is recommended + since dvipng currently will produce better-quality images when + this library is available. To take advantage of this, you should + have at least FreeType 2.1.9. + + FreeType 2 will enable direct support for PostScript and TrueType + fonts, so that dvipng will not need to generate bitmapped variants + on disk of the TeX fonts since modern TeX distributions include + PostScript versions of them. Then, you can render images at + different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk + with lots of bitmapped fonts. + + Finally, it will enable subfont support in dvipng. That is, if you + want to render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have FreeType 2 + installed. * The font-rendering library T1lib An alternative to FreeType 2 is T1lib, but this will enable only - PostScript fonts in dvipng, and will not include subfont support. + PostScript fonts in dvipng and will not include subfont support. Also here, you can render images at different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. If both FreeType 2 and T1lib are present, FreeType will be - internally preferred by dvipng, but T1lib can be chosen at runtime. + internally preferred by dvipng but T1lib can be chosen at runtime. * libpng and libz @@ -317,7 +327,7 @@ File: dvipng.info, Node: Option summary, Next: Option details, Up: Command-li Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run dvipng with no arguments or with the standard `--help' option. - This is ./dvipng 1.9 Copyright 2002-2006 Jan-Ake Larsson + This is ./dvipng 1.10 Copyright 2002-2008 Jan-Ake Larsson Usage: ./dvipng [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi] Options are chosen to be similar to dvips' options where possible: @@ -343,12 +353,16 @@ dvipng with no arguments or with the standard `--help' option. --follow* Wait for data at end-of-file --freetype* FreeType font rendering (default on) --gamma # Control color interpolation + --gif Output GIF images (dvigif default) --height* Output the image height on stdout --noghostscript* Don't use ghostscript for PostScript specials --nogssafer* Don't use -dSAFER in ghostscript calls + --palette* Force palette output --picky When a warning occurs, don't output image + --png Output PNG images (dvipng default) --strict When a warning occurs, exit --t1lib* T1lib font rendering (default on) + --truecolor* Truecolor output -Q # Quality (T1lib and PK subsampling) -z # PNG compression level @@ -432,11 +446,11 @@ reversal, use `-r0'. Such options are marked with a trailing `*'. `--depth*' Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the - LaTeX style `preview.sty' from preview-latex is used. It reports - the number of pixels from the bottom of the image to the baseline - of the image. This can be used for vertical positioning of the - image in, e.g., web documents, where one would use (Cascading - StyleSheets 1) + LaTeX style `preview.sty' from preview-latex is used with the + `active' option. It reports the number of pixels from the bottom + of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for + vertical positioning of the image in, e.g., web documents, where + one would use (Cascading StyleSheets 1) <IMG SRC="FILENAME.PNG" STYLE="vertical-align: -DEPTHpx"> The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is necessary, and the unit is pixels (px). @@ -488,10 +502,11 @@ reversal, use `-r0'. Such options are marked with a trailing `*'. `--height*' Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the - LaTeX style `preview.sty' from preview-latex is used. It reports - the number of pixels from the top of the image to the baseline of - the image. The total height of the image is obtained as the sum of - the values reported from `--height' and `--depth'. + LaTeX style `preview.sty' from preview-latex is used with the + `active' option. It reports the number of pixels from the top of + the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the + image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from + `--height' and `--depth'. `-l [=]NUM' The last page printed will be the first one numbered NUM. Default @@ -750,9 +765,10 @@ File: dvipng.info, Node: Color, Next: Diagnosing problems, Prev: Graphics, U 6 Color ******* -To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials. These -specials start with the keyword `color' or the keyword `background', -followed by a color specification. +To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials as +generated by the `color' and `xcolor' style files. These specials start +with the keyword `color' or the keyword `background', followed by a +color specification. * Menu: @@ -932,7 +948,7 @@ Svend Tollak Munkejord, James Longstreet, Bernhard Simon, Bob McElrath, Georg Schwarz, Jason Farmer, Brian V. Smith, Samuel Hathaway, Thomas R. Shemanske, Stephen Gibson, Christian Ridderstro"m, Ezra Peisach, William H Wheeler, Thomas Klausner, Harald Koenig, Adrian Bunk, Kevin -Smith, Jason Riedy, Wolfram Krause, and Reinhard Kotucha. +Smith, Jason Riedy, Wolfram Krause, Reinhard Kotucha, and Takeshi Abe. File: dvipng.info, Node: Copying, Next: Index, Prev: Credits, Up: Top @@ -940,23 +956,23 @@ File: dvipng.info, Node: Copying, Next: Index, Prev: Credits, Up: Top 9 Copying ********* -This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it -under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the -Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your -option) any later version. +This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it +under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published +by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, -Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public +License along with this program. If not, see +<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. -Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Jan-AAke Larsson +Copyright (C) 2002-2008 Jan-AAke Larsson File: dvipng.info, Node: Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top @@ -967,10 +983,10 @@ Index * Menu: -* -dSAFER: Option details. (line 166) -* absolute page number, and -l: Option details. (line 139) -* absolute page number, and -p: Option details. (line 187) -* antialiasing levels, number of: Option details. (line 241) +* -dSAFER: Option details. (line 167) +* absolute page number, and -l: Option details. (line 140) +* absolute page number, and -p: Option details. (line 188) +* antialiasing levels, number of: Option details. (line 242) * background color (option): Option details. (line 40) * base resolution, setting: Option details. (line 35) * baseline reporting: Option details. (line 76) @@ -979,90 +995,90 @@ Index * command-line options: Command-line options. (line 6) * compilation: Installation. (line 6) -* compression: Option details. (line 302) +* compression: Option details. (line 303) * configuration, of dvipng: Installation. (line 6) * dark fonts: Option details. (line 119) * debugging <1>: Diagnosing problems. (line 6) * debugging: Option details. (line 54) * depth reporting: Option details. (line 76) -* exit on erroneous images: Option details. (line 252) -* first page printed: Option details. (line 187) +* exit on erroneous images: Option details. (line 253) +* first page printed: Option details. (line 188) * follow mode: Option details. (line 97) -* font generation, avoiding: Option details. (line 156) -* forcing palette output: Option details. (line 196) +* font generation, avoiding: Option details. (line 157) +* forcing palette output: Option details. (line 197) * foreground color (option): Option details. (line 91) * FreeType font rendering: Option details. (line 105) * fuzzy images: Option details. (line 119) * gamma: Option details. (line 119) -* GhostScript and -dSAFER: Option details. (line 166) -* GhostScript, turning off: Option details. (line 161) +* GhostScript and -dSAFER: Option details. (line 167) +* GhostScript, turning off: Option details. (line 162) * GIF image format: Option details. (line 125) * height reporting: Option details. (line 132) * installation, of dvipng: Installation. (line 6) * invoking dvipng: Basic usage. (line 6) -* last page printed: Option details. (line 139) +* last page printed: Option details. (line 140) * light fonts: Option details. (line 119) -* magnification, overriding DVI: Option details. (line 294) -* Metafont mode, specifying: Option details. (line 148) -* mktexpk, avoiding: Option details. (line 156) -* mode name, specifying: Option details. (line 148) -* no erroneous images: Option details. (line 206) -* offset pages: Option details. (line 181) +* magnification, overriding DVI: Option details. (line 295) +* Metafont mode, specifying: Option details. (line 149) +* mktexpk, avoiding: Option details. (line 157) +* mode name, specifying: Option details. (line 149) +* no erroneous images: Option details. (line 207) +* offset pages: Option details. (line 182) * option, details of: Option details. (line 6) * options, dvipng: Command-line options. (line 6) * options, reading from standard input: Option details. (line 11) * options, summary: Option summary. (line 6) * output resolution, setting: Option details. (line 60) -* output, redirecting: Option details. (line 174) -* page range: Option details. (line 219) -* page, first printed: Option details. (line 187) -* page, last printed: Option details. (line 139) -* physical page number, and -l: Option details. (line 139) -* physical page number, and -p: Option details. (line 187) -* PNG image format: Option details. (line 215) +* output, redirecting: Option details. (line 175) +* page range: Option details. (line 220) +* page, first printed: Option details. (line 188) +* page, last printed: Option details. (line 140) +* physical page number, and -l: Option details. (line 140) +* physical page number, and -p: Option details. (line 188) +* PNG image format: Option details. (line 216) * PostScript inclusion problems: Encapsulated PostScript. (line 21) * problems: Diagnosing problems. (line 6) -* quality: Option details. (line 241) -* quiet operation: Option details. (line 237) -* reverse pagination: Option details. (line 248) -* silent operation: Option details. (line 237) +* quality: Option details. (line 242) +* quiet operation: Option details. (line 238) +* reverse pagination: Option details. (line 249) +* silent operation: Option details. (line 238) * standard input, reading options from: Option details. (line 11) -* standard output, output to: Option details. (line 174) -* T1lib font rendering: Option details. (line 269) +* standard output, output to: Option details. (line 175) +* T1lib font rendering: Option details. (line 270) * transparent border fallback color: Option details. (line 25) * transparent border width: Option details. (line 25) * trouble: Diagnosing problems. (line 6) -* truecolor output: Option details. (line 283) -* warnings, suppressing: Option details. (line 237) +* truecolor output: Option details. (line 284) +* warnings, suppressing: Option details. (line 238) Tag Table: -Node: Top317 -Node: Introduction1204 -Node: Installation3185 -Node: Prerequisites3532 -Node: Configure5914 -Node: Build/install7953 -Node: Installation outside the texmf tree8421 -Node: Advice for non-privileged users9128 -Node: Basic usage10136 -Node: Command-line options11263 -Node: Option summary11687 -Node: Option details13807 -Node: Graphics29131 -Node: Encapsulated PostScript29696 -Node: Bitmapped graphics31039 -Node: Color32239 -Node: Color specifications32574 -Node: Color specials33673 -Node: Diagnosing problems35085 -Node: Contact information35568 -Node: Debug options36309 -Node: Credits37344 -Node: Copying38493 -Node: Index39322 +Node: Top330 +Node: Introduction1225 +Node: Installation3464 +Node: Prerequisites3811 +Node: Configure6301 +Node: Build/install8340 +Node: Installation outside the texmf tree8808 +Node: Advice for non-privileged users9515 +Node: Basic usage10523 +Node: Command-line options11650 +Node: Option summary12074 +Node: Option details14383 +Node: Graphics29762 +Node: Encapsulated PostScript30327 +Node: Bitmapped graphics31670 +Node: Color32870 +Node: Color specifications33258 +Node: Color specials34357 +Node: Diagnosing problems35769 +Node: Contact information36252 +Node: Debug options36993 +Node: Credits38028 +Node: Copying39190 +Node: Index39970 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvips.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvips.info index adfde7a1831..681a6779397 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvips.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/dvips.info @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -This is dvips.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from dvips.texi. +This is dvips.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from dvips.texi. - This manual documents Dvips version 5.96 (January 2007), a program -to translate a DVI file into PostScript. You may freely use, modify +This manual documents Dvips version 5.97 (July 2008), a program to +translate a DVI file into PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ File: dvips.info, Node: Top, Next: Why Dvips, Up: (dir) Dvips ***** -This manual documents Dvips version 5.96 (January 2007), a program to +This manual documents Dvips version 5.97 (July 2008), a program to translate a DVI file into PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. @@ -139,18 +139,18 @@ File: dvips.info, Node: config.ps installation, Next: PostScript font installa Dvips has its own configuration files: a file `config.ps' for sitewide defaults, and a file `config.PRINTER' for each printer (output device). -Since these are site-specific, `make install' does not create them; -you must create them yourself. +Since these are site-specific, `make install' does not create them; you +must create them yourself. (These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea configuration file `texmf.cnf' (*note Config files: (kpathsea)Config files.). Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully -in *Note Config files::. The simplest way to create a new +in *note Config files::. The simplest way to create a new configuration file is to copy and modify the file `dvipsk/contrib/config.proto', seasoning with options to your taste -from *Note Config files::. Here is `config.proto' for your reading +from *note Config files::. Here is `config.proto' for your reading pleasure: % Prototype Dvips configuration file. @@ -314,6 +314,11 @@ yourself in such a situation. For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems, and `mktexpk' problems, *note Bugs: (kpathsea)Bugs. + A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable +`DVIPSDEBUG', which will display any configuration and map files read +by Dvips. This way you can be sure it's finding the files and settings +you expect. + * Menu: * Debug options:: Getting diagnostics. @@ -337,6 +342,9 @@ multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. To track all classes, you can use `-1'. Another useful value is `3650', which tracks everything having to do with file searching and opening. + You can also set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to any of +these values. + Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea (*note Debugging: (kpathsea)Debugging.). @@ -427,7 +435,7 @@ force Dvips to do this with the `-F' flag (or `F' config file option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character (control-D). You can also try using the `-s' flag (or `s' config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair. *Note -Command-line options::, and *Note Config files::. +Command-line options::, and *note Config files::. File: dvips.info, Node: Printer errors, Next: Long documents fail, Prev: Small or inverted, Up: Diagnosing problems @@ -560,34 +568,38 @@ Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run Dvips with no arguments or with the standard `--help' option. Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi] -a* Conserve memory, not time A Print only odd (TeX) pages -b # Page copies, for posters e.g. B Print only even (TeX) pages -c # Uncollated copies C # Collated copies -d # Debugging D # Resolution -e # Maxdrift value E* Try to create EPSF -f* Run as filter F* Send control-D at end - G* Shift low chars to higher pos. -h f Add header file -i* Separate file per section -j* Download fonts partially -k* Print crop marks K* Pull comments from inclusions -l # Last page -m* Manual feed M* Don't make fonts -mode s Metafont device name -n # Maximum number of pages N* No structured comments -noomega Disable Omega extensions -o f Output file O c Set/change paper offset -p # First page P s Load config.$s -pp l Print only pages listed -q* Run quietly -r* Reverse order of pages R* Run securely -s* Enclose output in save/restore S # Max section size in pages -t s Paper format T c Specify desired page size -u s PS mapfile U* Disable string param trick -v Print version number and quit V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK -x # Override dvi magnification X # Horizontal resolution -y # Multiply by dvi magnification Y # Vertical resolution -z* Hyper PS Z* Compress bitmap fonts +Convert DVI input files to PostScript. +See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information. + +Options: +-a* Conserve memory, not time -A Print only odd (TeX) pages +-b # Page copies, for posters e.g. -B Print only even (TeX) pages +-c # Uncollated copies -C # Collated copies +-d # Debugging -D # Resolution +-e # Maxdrift value -E* Try to create EPSF +-f* Run as filter -F* Send control-D at end + -G* Shift low chars to higher pos. +-h f Add header file +-i* Separate file per section +-j* Download fonts partially +-k* Print crop marks -K* Pull comments from inclusions +-l # Last page +-m* Manual feed -M* Don't make fonts +-mode s Metafont device name +-n # Maximum number of pages -N* No structured comments +-noomega Disable Omega extensions +-o f Output file -O c Set/change paper offset +-p # First page -P s Load config.$s +-pp l Print only pages listed +-q* Run quietly +-r* Reverse order of pages -R* Run securely +-s* Enclose output in save/restore -S # Max section size in pages +-t s Paper format -T c Specify desired page size +-u s PS mapfile -U* Disable string param trick +-v Print version number and quit -V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK +-x # Override dvi magnification -X # Horizontal resolution +-y # Multiply by dvi magnification -Y # Vertical resolution +-z* Hyper PS -Z* Compress bitmap fonts # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm) l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9) @@ -724,8 +736,8 @@ reversal, use `-r0'. Such options are marked with a trailing `*'. document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. - This option is most often used in conjunction with the `-S' - option which sets the maximum section length in pages; if `-i' is + This option is most often used in conjunction with the `-S' option + which sets the maximum section length in pages; if `-i' is specified and `-S' is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of steam; these options @@ -773,7 +785,7 @@ reversal, use `-r0'. Such options are marked with a trailing `*'. With the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named MODE. *Note TeX directory structure: (kpathsea)TeX directory structure. - If Metafont does not understand the MODE name, see *Note Unable to + If Metafont does not understand the MODE name, see *note Unable to generate fonts: (kpathsea)Unable to generate fonts. `-M*' @@ -890,9 +902,9 @@ reversal, use `-r0'. Such options are marked with a trailing `*'. Run securely. `-R2' disables both shell command execution in `\special' (via ``', *note Dynamic creation of graphics::) and config files (via the `E' option, *note Configuration file - commands::) and opening of any absolute filenames. `-R1', the - default, forbids shell escapes but allows absolute filenames. - `-R0' allows both. + commands::) and opening of any absolute or `..'-relative + filenames. `-R1', the default, forbids shell escapes but allows + absolute filenames. `-R0' allows both. `-s*' Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the @@ -909,13 +921,21 @@ reversal, use `-r0'. Such options are marked with a trailing `*'. `-t PAPERTYPE' Set the paper type to PAPERTYPE, usually defined in one of the configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to - select it (*note Config file paper sizes::). You can also specify - a PAPERTYPE of `landscape', which rotates a document by 90 - degrees. To rotate a document whose paper type is not the - default, you can use the `-t' option twice, once for the paper - type, and once for `landscape'. You should not use any `-t' - option when TeX writes a `papersize' special, as is done by some - LaTeX packages, e.g., `hyperref.sty'. + select it (*note Config file paper sizes::). + - You can also specify a PAPERTYPE of `landscape', which + rotates a document by 90 degrees. + + - To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you + can use the `-t' option twice, once for the paper type, and + once for `landscape'. + + - In general, you should not use any `-t' option when using a + `papersize' special, as some LaTeX packages do, e.g., + `hyperref.sty'. + + - The exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is + not already defined in `config.ps'; in this case, you need to + specify `-t unknown'. `-T HSIZE,VSIZE' Set the paper size to (HSIZE,VSIZE), a comma-separated pair of @@ -1002,6 +1022,15 @@ details of interpretation of path and other environment variables common to all Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to Dvips are mentioned here. +`DVIPSDEBUG' + Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to + standard output, for debugging. This isn't done by default because + these files are read even before the banner is printed. For + voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable + `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' (*note Debugging: (kpathsea)Debugging.). + (If `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' is set to any value, it automatically turns + on `DVIPSDEBUG'.) + `DVIPSFONTS' Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path config file options and other environment variables (*note @@ -1076,7 +1105,7 @@ or individually by each user. 1. Dvips first reads (if it exists) `config.ps'; it is searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in - *Note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats. + *note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats. 2. A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override any options set in the global file. The environment @@ -1087,7 +1116,7 @@ or individually by each user. the user's home directory. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users generally don't have their private directories, the startup file is called `dvips.ini' and it is searched for along the path for - Dvips configuration files (as described in *Note Supported file + Dvips configuration files (as described in *note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.); users are expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste. @@ -1330,7 +1359,7 @@ File: dvips.info, Node: Paper size and landscape, Next: Interaction with PostS 4 Paper size and landscape orientation ************************************** -Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the +Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in Europe). The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a particular printer. @@ -1343,11 +1372,11 @@ is called "landscape" orientation (the default orientation is "portrait"). Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger or A3 paper. - Since the intended paper size is a document design decision, not a -printing decision, such information should be given in the TeX file and -not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, Dvips supports a -`papersize' special. It is hoped that this special will become -standard over time for TeX previewers and other printer drivers. + Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design +decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in +the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason, Dvips +supports a `papersize' special. It is hoped that this special will +become standard over time for TeX previewers and other printer drivers. Some LaTeX packages, e.g., `hyperref.sty', write a `papersize' special into the DVI file. In this case, you need not and should not @@ -1388,8 +1417,13 @@ reventually the `papersize' comment will dominate. size; you must also adjust `\hsize' and `\vsize' in your TeX document typeset to those dimensions. + When using the `papersize' special, you generally should not also +specify `-t' on the command line (*note Option details::). The +exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't predefined; +in this case, use `-t unknown'. + The `papersize' special must occur somewhere on the first page of -the document. +the document. Some packages, notably `hyperref', insert this special. File: dvips.info, Node: Config file paper sizes, Next: Paper trays, Prev: papersize special, Up: Paper size and landscape @@ -1460,27 +1494,26 @@ as the NeXT) want `PaperSize' comments and they will handle setting the paper size. There is no solution I could find that works for both (except maybe specifying both). - The Perl 5 script `contrib/mkdvipspapers' in the distribution -directory may help in determining appropriate paper size definitions. - - If your printers are configured to use A4 paper by default, the -configuration file (probably the global `config.ps' in this case) -should include this as the first `@' command: + When using a paper size that is not already defined in `config.ps', +you probably want to say `-t unknown' on the command line; the +`unknown' paper size definition in `config.ps' has the requisite +PostScript incantation to set the PostScript page size, as just +described. - @ A4size 210mm 297mm - @+ %%PaperSize: A4 + The Perl 5 script `contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers' in the +distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size +definitions. -so that `A4size' is used as the default, and not `A4' itself; thus, no -PostScript `a4' command is added to the output file, unless the user -explicitly says to use paper size `a4'. That is, by default, no paper -size PostScript command should be put in the output, but Dvips will -still know that the paper size is A4 because `A4size' is the first (and -therefore default) size in the configuration file. + Notwithstanding the above, the default `letter' and `a4' paper size +definitions in `config.ps' execute the `setpagedevice' operator if it +exists (it was defined in PostScript Level 2), or the `letter' or `a4' +operator if they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause +failures on certain (unknown) printers). Not executing any page size +definition at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as +`ps2pdf', so we want to execute one if we can. - Executing the `letter' or `a4' or other PostScript operators cause -the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print on -certain printers, so the default paper size should not execute such an -operator if at all possible. + The `letterSize' and `A4Size' paper size definitions are now +synonyms for `letter' and `a4'. File: dvips.info, Node: Paper trays, Prev: Config file paper sizes, Up: Paper size and landscape @@ -1854,32 +1887,44 @@ the PostScript. The possible KEYs are: `hoffset' - The horizontal offset (default 0) + The horizontal offset (default 0). `voffset' - The vertical offset (default 0) + The vertical offset (default 0). `hsize' - The horizontal clipping size (default 612) + The horizontal clipping size (default 612). `vsize' - The vertical clipping size (default 792) + The vertical clipping size (default 792). `hscale' - The horizontal scaling factor (default 100) + The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). `vscale' - The vertical scaling factor (default 100) + The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100). `angle' - The rotation (default 0) + The rotation, in degrees (default 0). `clip' - Enable clipping to the bounding box + Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled). - The dimension parameters are all given in PostScript units. The -`hscale' and `vscale' are given in non-dimensioned percentage units, -and the rotation value is specified in degrees. Thus +`llx, lly, urx, ury' + Bounding box of the included image, just as in a `%%BoundingBox' + comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional. + +`rhi, rwi' + Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in + tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional. + + If both `rwi' and `rhi' are nonzero, the picture is scaled, + possibly losing aspect ratio. If only one of `rwi' and `rhi' is + nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio. + + + The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points). +Thus, for example: \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90} @@ -2078,7 +2123,7 @@ File: dvips.info, Node: Headers and memory usage, Prev: Including headers from ------------------------------ Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the -output files into "sections" (see the `-i' option in *Note Option +output files into "sections" (see the `-i' option in *note Option details::). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM budget by some value. If the header file has, in its leading commentary a line of the form @@ -2149,12 +2194,17 @@ of the following will work: \special{ps::TEXT} \special{ps::[begin]TEXT} \special{ps::[end]TEXT} + \special{ps::[nobreak]TEXT} (with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are present). `ps::' and `ps::[end]' do no positioning, so they can be used to continue PostScript literals started with `ps:' or `ps::[begin]'. + Literal PostScript instructions after `ps::[nobreak]' are _not_ +broken into lines. This feature may be used to include PostScript +comments, for example. + In addition, the variant \special{ps: plotfile FILENAME} @@ -2623,7 +2673,7 @@ virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character. A VF file, like a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format. The `vftovp' and `vptovf' programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL (virtual property list) format and back again. *Note vftovp invocation: -(web2c)vftovp invocation, and *Note vptovf invocation: (web2c)vptovf +(web2c)vftovp invocation, and *note vptovf invocation: (web2c)vptovf invocation. In the case of a PostScript font F being used in a straightforward @@ -2895,7 +2945,7 @@ File: dvips.info, Node: Changing font encodings, Next: Special font effects, Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font (for a general introduction to encodings, *note Encodings::). The `-t' -options changes the TeX encoding, `-p' changes the PostScript encoding, +option changes the TeX encoding, `-p' changes the PostScript encoding, and `-T' changes both simultaneously, as detailed in the sections below. * Menu: @@ -3777,25 +3827,26 @@ Index * -s SLANT: Afm2tfm options. (line 51) * -T ENC-FILE: Changing both encodings. (line 6) -* -T HSIZE,VSIZE: Option details. (line 324) +* -T HSIZE,VSIZE: Option details. (line 332) * -t PAPERTYPE: Option details. (line 313) * -T PS-TEX-ENC: Afm2tfm options. (line 61) * -t TEX-ENC <1>: Afm2tfm options. (line 56) * -t TEX-ENC: Changing TeX encodings. (line 6) * -u: Afm2tfm options. (line 65) -* -U: Option details. (line 339) -* -u PSMAPFILE: Option details. (line 331) -* -V: Option details. (line 350) -* -v: Option details. (line 347) +* -U: Option details. (line 347) +* -u PSMAPFILE: Option details. (line 339) +* -V: Option details. (line 358) +* -v: Option details. (line 355) * -V VPL-FILE: Afm2tfm options. (line 74) * -v VPL-FILE: Afm2tfm options. (line 71) -* -X NUM: Option details. (line 367) -* -x NUM: Option details. (line 359) -* -Y NUM: Option details. (line 374) +* -X NUM: Option details. (line 375) +* -x NUM: Option details. (line 367) +* -Y NUM: Option details. (line 382) * -z: Hypertext. (line 6) -* -Z for compressing bitmap fonts: Option details. (line 383) -* -z for recognizing hyperdvi: Option details. (line 377) +* -Z for compressing bitmap fonts: Option details. (line 391) +* -z for recognizing hyperdvi: Option details. (line 385) +* ..-relative filenames: Option details. (line 293) * .afm Adobe metric files: Metric files. (line 26) * .dvipsrc, searched for: Configuration file searching. (line 14) @@ -3851,9 +3902,11 @@ Index * A ring, Scandinavian letter: Reencoding with Afm2tfm. (line 32) * a3 papertype: Option details. (line 313) -* a4 paper size, as default: Config file paper sizes. - (line 72) +* a4 paper size: Config file paper sizes. + (line 79) * a4 papertype: Option details. (line 313) +* A4size paper size: Config file paper sizes. + (line 87) * absolute filenames, disabling: Option details. (line 293) * absolute page number, and -l: Option details. (line 162) * absolute page number, and -p: Option details. (line 253) @@ -3875,6 +3928,7 @@ Index * Aladdin Ghostscript: Ghostscript installation. (line 6) * Anderson, Laurie: Hypertext specials. (line 42) +* angle (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 36) * arcs: Glyph files. (line 17) * ASCII character codes, used by PostScript: PostScript typesetting. (line 31) @@ -3898,7 +3952,8 @@ Index (line 19) * bop undefined error: Printer errors. (line 6) * bop-hook <1>: PostScript hooks. (line 11) -* bop-hook: EPSF scaling. (line 75) +* bop-hook <2>: EPSF scaling. (line 75) +* bop-hook: Paper trays. (line 6) * bop-hook, and offset pages: Option details. (line 248) * boundary character: Encoding file format. (line 41) @@ -3919,6 +3974,7 @@ Index (line 6) * CharStrings Type 1 dictionary: PostScript typesetting. (line 51) +* clip (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 39) * clipping of EPSF: EPSF clipping. (line 6) * CODINGSCHEME: Reencoding with Afm2tfm. (line 52) @@ -3946,7 +4002,7 @@ Index * compilation: Installation. (line 6) * compressed PostScript: Dynamic creation of graphics. (line 6) -* compressing bitmap fonts: Option details. (line 383) +* compressing bitmap fonts: Option details. (line 391) * Computer Modern in PostScript: Hypertext caveats. (line 6) * Computer Modern, encoding of: Encodings. (line 15) * condensed fonts: Afm2tfm options. (line 37) @@ -3955,6 +4011,8 @@ Index * config.ps: Option details. (line 267) * config.ps installation: config.ps installation. (line 6) +* config.ps paper sizes: Config file paper sizes. + (line 79) * config.ps, searched for: Configuration file searching. (line 10) * configuration file options: Configuration file commands. @@ -3962,7 +4020,7 @@ Index * configuration file paper size command: Config file paper sizes. (line 6) * configuration file path: Environment variables. - (line 47) + (line 56) * configuration file searching: Configuration file searching. (line 6) * configuration files: Config files. (line 6) @@ -4006,7 +4064,7 @@ Index (line 35) * dictionary, SDict: Literal headers. (line 6) * dictionary, userdict: Header files. (line 21) -* distillation, and -z: Option details. (line 377) +* distillation, and -z: Option details. (line 385) * distiller, for PDF files: Hypertext. (line 11) * dot accent: Reencoding with Afm2tfm. (line 32) @@ -4023,18 +4081,20 @@ Index * Dvips configuration file options: Configuration file commands. (line 6) * dvips.enc: Encodings. (line 35) -* DVIPSFONTS: Environment variables. +* DVIPSDEBUG: Environment variables. (line 17) +* DVIPSFONTS: Environment variables. + (line 26) * DVIPSHEADERS: Environment variables. - (line 22) + (line 31) * DVIPSHEADERS, overrides H: Configuration file commands. (line 47) * DVIPSMAKEPK: Environment variables. - (line 26) + (line 35) * DVIPSRC: Environment variables. - (line 32) + (line 41) * DVIPSSIZES: Environment variables. - (line 37) + (line 46) * DVIPSSIZES, overrides R: Configuration file commands. (line 136) * dynamic creation of graphics: Dynamic creation of graphics. @@ -4143,7 +4203,7 @@ Index * gs installation: Ghostscript installation. (line 6) * gsave/grestore, and literal PS: Literal examples. (line 27) -* gsftopk: Option details. (line 351) +* gsftopk: Option details. (line 359) * h header downloading config command: Configuration file commands. (line 44) * H header path config command: Configuration file commands. @@ -4163,17 +4223,20 @@ Index (line 6) * hints: PostScript typesetting. (line 55) +* hoffset (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 18) * HP printers and Type 1 fonts: PostScript font installation. (line 69) * HP4Si printer and paper trays: Paper trays. (line 6) * href: Hypertext specials. (line 32) +* hscale (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 30) +* hsize (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 24) * html specials: Hypertext. (line 6) -* html specials, and -z: Option details. (line 377) +* html specials, and -z: Option details. (line 385) * http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi: Hypertext. (line 21) * http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex: Hypertext. (line 21) * Hungarian umlaut: Reencoding with Afm2tfm. (line 32) -* hyperdvi extensions, enabling: Option details. (line 377) +* hyperdvi extensions, enabling: Option details. (line 385) * hypertext and bitmap fonts: Hypertext caveats. (line 6) * hypertext caveats: Hypertext caveats. (line 6) * hypertext specials: Hypertext specials. (line 6) @@ -4208,19 +4271,25 @@ Index * K config command (comment-removeal): Configuration file commands. (line 59) * kerning, defined: Metric files. (line 15) +* KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Environment variables. + (line 18) * landscape orientation, defined: Paper size and landscape. (line 11) * landscape papertype: Option details. (line 313) * landscape, as \special: papersize special. (line 16) * last page printed: Option details. (line 162) * last-resort font scaling, with DVIPSSIZES: Environment variables. - (line 38) + (line 47) * last-resort scaling, with R: Configuration file commands. (line 123) * ledger papertype: Option details. (line 313) * legal papertype: Option details. (line 313) +* letter paper size: Config file paper sizes. + (line 79) * letter papertype: Option details. (line 313) * letterhead tray: Paper trays. (line 10) +* letterSize paper size: Config file paper sizes. + (line 87) * ligature operations: Encoding file format. (line 54) * ligature, defined: Metric files. (line 15) @@ -4231,6 +4300,8 @@ Index * literal headers: Literal headers. (line 6) * literal PostScript, examples: Literal examples. (line 6) * literal PostScript, using: Literal PS. (line 6) +* llx (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 42) +* lly (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 42) * long documents not printing: Long documents fail. (line 6) * low characters, shifting: Option details. (line 117) * lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation: Option details. (line 223) @@ -4244,8 +4315,8 @@ Index * macros for epsf inclusion <1>: EPSF macros. (line 6) * macros for epsf inclusion: \includegraphics. (line 6) * magnification, DVI: EPSF scaling. (line 63) -* magnification, overriding DVI: Option details. (line 359) -* magnification, vertical: Option details. (line 370) +* magnification, overriding DVI: Option details. (line 367) +* magnification, vertical: Option details. (line 378) * mailcap and hypertext: Hypertext specials. (line 53) * manual feed: Option details. (line 171) * maxdrift: Option details. (line 71) @@ -4269,16 +4340,16 @@ Index * MISSFONT_LOG: Option details. (line 186) * Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer: No output. (line 14) * mkdvipspapers: Config file paper sizes. - (line 69) + (line 75) * mktexpk, avoiding: Option details. (line 183) * mktexpk, changing name: Environment variables. - (line 27) + (line 36) * mode name, specifying: Option details. (line 174) * Monotype fonts: PostScript font installation. (line 10) * Monotype fonts, installing: PostScript font installation. (line 19) -* mtpk: Option details. (line 351) +* mtpk: Option details. (line 359) * multiple master fonts: psfonts.map. (line 27) * multiple output files: Option details. (line 126) * multiple paper trays: Paper trays. (line 6) @@ -4344,7 +4415,7 @@ Index * PDF files, making <1>: Hypertext. (line 11) * PDF files, making: Ghostscript installation. (line 6) -* PDF files, option for: Option details. (line 377) +* PDF files, option for: Option details. (line 385) * pdfmark: Hypertext. (line 6) * pfa files: Glyph files. (line 25) * pfb files: Glyph files. (line 25) @@ -4359,9 +4430,11 @@ Index * pk files: Glyph files. (line 35) * PKFONTS, overrides P: Configuration file commands. (line 110) -* plotfile, ps subspecial: ps special. (line 25) +* plotfile, ps subspecial: ps special. (line 30) * pltotf: Metric files. (line 39) * popen for output: Option details. (line 223) +* portrait orientation, defined: Paper size and landscape. + (line 11) * positioning accuracy: Option details. (line 71) * post code after headers: Including headers from TeX. (line 28) @@ -4371,7 +4444,7 @@ Index (line 6) * PostScript font alias file <1>: Configuration file commands. (line 101) -* PostScript font alias file: Option details. (line 331) +* PostScript font alias file: Option details. (line 339) * PostScript fonts: PostScript fonts. (line 6) * PostScript fonts, installing: PostScript font installation. (line 6) @@ -4390,7 +4463,7 @@ Index * previewing Dvips output: Ghostscript installation. (line 6) * PRINTER: Environment variables. - (line 41) + (line 50) * printer configuration: config.ps installation. (line 6) * printer configuration file, prototype: config.ps installation. @@ -4417,7 +4490,7 @@ Index (line 24) * psheaderdir: Header files. (line 12) * psi character missing: Hypertext caveats. (line 55) -* pstopk: Option details. (line 351) +* pstopk: Option details. (line 359) * Q config command (quiet): Configuration file commands. (line 117) * q config command (quiet): Configuration file commands. @@ -4438,12 +4511,14 @@ Index * resident fonts, different in different printers <1>: Configuration file commands. (line 101) * resident fonts, different in different printers: Option details. - (line 331) -* resolution: Option details. (line 367) + (line 339) +* resolution: Option details. (line 375) * resolution, setting: Option details. (line 58) * reverse pagination: Option details. (line 290) +* rhi (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 46) * Rokicki, Tomas: Why Dvips. (line 68) -* rotate.tex: ps special. (line 29) +* rotate.tex: ps special. (line 34) +* rwi (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 46) * S config command (pict path): Configuration file commands. (line 148) * s config command (save/restore): Configuration file commands. @@ -4452,14 +4527,14 @@ Index * save/restore, and literal PS: Literal examples. (line 27) * save/restore, and specials: ps special. (line 6) * save/restore, generating global: Option details. (line 301) -* scaleunit: psfile special. (line 55) +* scaleunit: psfile special. (line 67) * scaling of figures: EPSF scaling. (line 6) * scaling small caps: Afm2tfm options. (line 33) * Scandinavian A ring: Reencoding with Afm2tfm. (line 32) * screen frequencies, setting: Including headers from the command line. (line 13) -* SDict: psfile special. (line 55) +* SDict: psfile special. (line 67) * SDict dictionary: Literal headers. (line 6) * searching config files, order of: Configuration file searching. (line 6) @@ -4512,7 +4587,7 @@ Index * TeX, including headers in: Including headers from TeX. (line 6) * TEXCONFIG: Environment variables. - (line 46) + (line 55) * TEXFONTS, overrides P: Configuration file commands. (line 110) * TEXFONTS, overrides T: Configuration file commands. @@ -4526,7 +4601,7 @@ Index (line 16) * texmsym.enc: Encodings. (line 35) * TEXPICTS: Environment variables. - (line 53) + (line 62) * TEXPICTS, overrides S: Configuration file commands. (line 148) * TEXPKS, overrides P: Configuration file commands. @@ -4557,8 +4632,11 @@ Index * uncompressing PostScript: Dynamic creation of graphics. (line 6) * uniform resource locator: Hypertext specials. (line 20) +* unknown, paper format for -t: papersize special. (line 29) * URL, definition: Hypertext specials. (line 27) * URL, extended for TeX: Hypertext specials. (line 20) +* urx (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 42) +* ury (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 42) * user-definable colors: User-definable colors. (line 6) * userdict, and dictionary files: Header files. (line 21) @@ -4575,9 +4653,12 @@ Index * VM exhausted: Printer errors. (line 14) * VMusage: Headers and memory usage. (line 12) +* voffset (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 21) * vpl files: Virtual fonts. (line 16) * vptovf: Making a font available. (line 52) +* vscale (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 33) +* vsize (psfile special option): psfile special. (line 27) * W config command (warning): Configuration file commands. (line 167) * warning messages, defining: Configuration file commands. @@ -4587,7 +4668,7 @@ Index * wide fonts: psfonts.map. (line 32) * X config command (horizontal resolution): Configuration file commands. (line 174) -* Xerox 4045: Option details. (line 339) +* Xerox 4045: Option details. (line 347) * Y config command (vertical resolution): Configuration file commands. (line 177) * Y&Y fonts, installing: PostScript font installation. @@ -4601,82 +4682,82 @@ Index Tag Table: -Node: Top522 -Node: Why Dvips1269 -Node: Installation4717 -Node: config.ps installation5855 -Node: PostScript font installation8397 -Node: Ghostscript installation11271 -Node: Diagnosing problems12368 -Node: Debug options13237 -Node: No output14353 -Node: Small or inverted15821 -Node: Printer errors16540 -Node: Long documents fail17872 -Node: Including graphics fails18213 -Node: Invoking Dvips19451 -Node: Basic usage20042 -Node: Command-line options21026 -Node: Option summary21475 -Node: Option details23451 -Node: Environment variables41842 -Node: Config files44345 -Node: Configuration file searching45028 -Node: Configuration file commands48328 -Node: Paper size and landscape55345 -Node: papersize special56922 -Node: Config file paper sizes58036 -Node: Paper trays62135 -Node: Interaction with PostScript63469 -Node: PostScript figures64122 -Node: Bounding box64848 -Node: \includegraphics68219 -Node: EPSF macros70510 -Node: EPSF scaling72480 -Node: EPSF clipping75050 -Node: psfile special75692 -Node: Dynamic creation of graphics77612 -Node: Fonts in figures78930 -Node: Header files80590 -Node: Including headers from TeX81796 -Node: Including headers from the command line83830 -Node: Headers and memory usage84930 -Node: Literal PS85640 -Node: " special86222 -Node: ps special86963 -Node: Literal headers88271 -Node: PostScript hooks88986 -Node: Literal examples91076 -Node: Hypertext92528 -Node: Hypertext caveats94086 -Node: Hypertext specials98483 -Node: PostScript fonts101117 -Node: Font concepts102233 -Node: Metric files103400 -Node: Glyph files106226 -Node: Virtual fonts108582 -Node: Encodings110472 -Node: PostScript typesetting112854 -Node: Making a font available115936 -Node: Invoking afm2tfm120966 -Node: Changing font encodings121936 -Node: Changing TeX encodings122727 -Node: Changing PostScript encodings123827 -Node: Changing both encodings125171 -Node: Reencoding with Afm2tfm125844 -Node: Encoding file format128948 -Node: Special font effects133151 -Node: Afm2tfm options135414 -Node: psfonts.map138399 -Node: Color143123 -Node: Color macro files144167 -Node: User-definable colors147365 -Node: Color subtleties148640 -Node: Ted Turner150291 -Node: Color device configuration151516 -Node: Color support details153958 -Node: Color specifications154336 -Node: Color specials155739 -Node: Index157868 +Node: Top517 +Node: Why Dvips1261 +Node: Installation4709 +Node: config.ps installation5847 +Node: PostScript font installation8389 +Node: Ghostscript installation11263 +Node: Diagnosing problems12360 +Node: Debug options13455 +Node: No output14658 +Node: Small or inverted16126 +Node: Printer errors16845 +Node: Long documents fail18177 +Node: Including graphics fails18518 +Node: Invoking Dvips19756 +Node: Basic usage20347 +Node: Command-line options21331 +Node: Option summary21780 +Node: Option details23942 +Node: Environment variables42575 +Node: Config files45534 +Node: Configuration file searching46217 +Node: Configuration file commands49517 +Node: Paper size and landscape56534 +Node: papersize special58132 +Node: Config file paper sizes59541 +Node: Paper trays63613 +Node: Interaction with PostScript64947 +Node: PostScript figures65600 +Node: Bounding box66326 +Node: \includegraphics69697 +Node: EPSF macros71988 +Node: EPSF scaling73958 +Node: EPSF clipping76528 +Node: psfile special77170 +Node: Dynamic creation of graphics79563 +Node: Fonts in figures80881 +Node: Header files82541 +Node: Including headers from TeX83747 +Node: Including headers from the command line85781 +Node: Headers and memory usage86881 +Node: Literal PS87591 +Node: " special88173 +Node: ps special88914 +Node: Literal headers90412 +Node: PostScript hooks91127 +Node: Literal examples93217 +Node: Hypertext94669 +Node: Hypertext caveats96227 +Node: Hypertext specials100624 +Node: PostScript fonts103258 +Node: Font concepts104374 +Node: Metric files105541 +Node: Glyph files108367 +Node: Virtual fonts110723 +Node: Encodings112613 +Node: PostScript typesetting114995 +Node: Making a font available118077 +Node: Invoking afm2tfm123107 +Node: Changing font encodings124077 +Node: Changing TeX encodings124867 +Node: Changing PostScript encodings125967 +Node: Changing both encodings127311 +Node: Reencoding with Afm2tfm127984 +Node: Encoding file format131088 +Node: Special font effects135291 +Node: Afm2tfm options137554 +Node: psfonts.map140539 +Node: Color145263 +Node: Color macro files146307 +Node: User-definable colors149505 +Node: Color subtleties150780 +Node: Ted Turner152431 +Node: Color device configuration153656 +Node: Color support details156098 +Node: Color specifications156476 +Node: Color specials157879 +Node: Index160008 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/eplain.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/eplain.info index aa7dd6bbd4e..8ea926d5053 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/eplain.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/eplain.info @@ -1,17 +1,18 @@ This is eplain.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from eplain.texi. - This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.1, December 2006. + This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.2, November 2007. Eplain provides functionality for plain TeX that is intended to be useful regardless of how your document is actually formatted. Most of this manual is in the public domain, like most of the Eplain -code. It was mostly written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989. Steven -Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram macros; this -chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam Lewenberg has -made additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze has helped with writing -the section on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks. - -INFO-DIR-SECTION Texinfo documentation system +code. It was originally written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989. +Steven Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram +macros; this chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam +Lewenberg has made additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze wrote +the section on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks, and +updates throughout. + +INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Eplain: (eplain). Expanding on plain Tex. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY @@ -22,16 +23,17 @@ File: eplain.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) Eplain ****** -This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.1, December 2006. +This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.2, November 2007. Eplain provides functionality for plain TeX that is intended to be useful regardless of how your document is actually formatted. Most of this manual is in the public domain, like most of the Eplain -code. It was mostly written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989. Steven -Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram macros; this -chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam Lewenberg has -made additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze has helped with writing -the section on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks. +code. It was originally written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989. +Steven Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram +macros; this chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam +Lewenberg has made additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze wrote +the section on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks, and +updates throughout. * Menu: @@ -1422,7 +1424,7 @@ later which you want to refer to as `(1*)'. Therefore, Eplain allows you to give an optional argument (i.e., arbitrary text in square brackets) before the cross-reference label to -\eqdef. Then, when you refer to the equation, that text is produced. +`\eqdef'. Then, when you refer to the equation, that text is produced. Here's how to get the example just mentioned: $$...\eqdef{a-eq}$$ @@ -1430,9 +1432,53 @@ Here's how to get the example just mentioned: $$...\eqdef[\eqrefn{a-eq}*]{a-eq-var}$$ In \eqref{a-eq-var}, we expand on \eqref{a-eq}, ... - We use `\eqrefn' in the cross-reference text, not `\eqref', so that +We use `\eqrefn' in the cross-reference text, not `\eqref', so that `\eqprint' is called only once. + As another example, consider the following requirement: we want to +include chapter number in all equation references, and additionally we +want to include the part number when referencing an equation from any +part other than the one where the equation appears. For example, +references to the third equation in chapter 2 of part 1 should be +typeset as `(2.3)' throughout part 1, but as `(I.2.3)' in any other +part. Let's assume we have the current chapter and part numbers in +count registers `\chapnum' and `\partnum', respectively. + + The idea is to have `\eqconstruct' store the part number of the +equation (that is, the part number _at the time of definition_), so +that later `\eqprint' can compare the stored number with the current +part number (that is, the part number _at the time of reference_). The +complicating factor is that internally, the result of `\eqconstruct' is +both expanded and written out to the `.aux' file, _and_ used to typeset +the equation number, so the commands that store the part number should +behave correctly in both situations. This is difficult to achieve with +expandable commands; therefore, to avoid expansion problems, we are +going to use only TeX primitives, which are non-expandable: + + \newcount\eqpartnum + + \def\eqconstruct#1{% + \global\eqpartnum=\the\partnum\relax + \number\chapnum.#1% + } + + \def\eqprint#1{% + \setbox0=\hbox{#1}% + (\ifnum\partnum=\eqpartnum \else + \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\eqpartnum}.% + \fi + \box0)% + }% + +In `\eqconstruct', besides constructing the base equation number (e.g., +`1.2'), we also store the part number of the equation in the count +register `\eqpartnum' (`\the\partnum' is expanded when the equation +number is written to the `.aux' file, so the equation label definition +in the `.aux' file will contain the actual part number). In +`\eqprint', we need to know the equation's part number before we +typeset the base equation number, therefore we first put the argument +in a box, thus causing `\eqpartnum' to be set. + File: eplain.info, Node: Subequation references, Prev: Formatting equation references, Up: Equation references @@ -1527,6 +1573,20 @@ example, defines the command `\mdx' to write to the file `foo.mdx'. Eplain simply does `\defineindex{i}' to define the default commands. + For each index defined with `\defineindex{N}', Eplain provides a +switch `\ifNdx' which controls whether indexing commands write index +entries to the corresponding index file. However, even when index term +writing is disabled, indexing commands still do all other processing of +their arguments, including typesetting of proof index terms (*note +Proofing index terms::. + + For example, if you write `\idxfalse' near the beginning of a +document `foo.tex' (before the first indexing command), Eplain will not +open the default index file (`foo.idx') and the corresponding indexing +commands (`\idx', `\sidx', etc.) will not write index entries there. +This may be useful for draft compilations of a manuscript, e.g., to +avoid the overhead of index file input/output. + * Menu: * Indexing terms:: Specifying what to index. @@ -1684,11 +1744,15 @@ subterm) is independent of these. `seealso' Similar to `see' (the previous item), but also allows for normal - index entries of the referencing term. Example: + index entries of the referencing term. The normal index entries + have to be created separately--`seealso' does _not_ contribute a + page number to the index entry. For example, if you have indexed a + term on pages 75, 97 and 114, and then add a `seealso' entry for + the term: \sidx[seealso]{archetypal criticism}[elements of]{dichotomies} - becomes + the index will contain archetypal criticism, elements of, 75, 97, 114, see also dichotomies @@ -5496,6 +5560,8 @@ File: eplain.info, Node: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex), Next: Highlighting TeX comme 8.1 Hyperlinks (`xhyper.tex') ============================= + + % (This file is public domain.) % % This file demonstrates the following features of Eplain: @@ -5693,6 +5759,8 @@ File: eplain.info, Node: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex), 8.2 Highlighting TeX comments in listings (`lscommnt.tex') ========================================================== + + % (This file is public domain.) % Demonstrate how Eplain can be used to include a TeX source file % verbatim, typesetting comments in colored italic typewriter type. @@ -5896,12 +5964,12 @@ Macro index (line 64) * csn: \csn and \ece. (line 6) * definecolor: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * definecontentsfile: Alternative contents files. (line 6) * defineindex: Indexing. (line 37) * definexref <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * definexref: Defining generic references. (line 6) * definexref (hyperlinks): Cross-reference hyperlinks. @@ -6064,18 +6132,18 @@ Macro index * hldeston: Turning low-level commands on/off. (line 6) * hldestopts <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hldestopts <2>: Setting group options. (line 11) * hldestopts: Setting default types and options. (line 15) * hldesttype <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hldesttype <2>: Setting group types. (line 6) * hldesttype: Setting default types and options. (line 6) * hlend <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hlend: Explicit hyperlinks. (line 25) * hlfootbacklabel: Footnote hyperlinks. (line 12) * hlfootlabel: Footnote hyperlinks. (line 12) @@ -6095,7 +6163,7 @@ Macro index * hlight (hyperlink option): Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm. (line 69) * hlightcommentslisting: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hline: Arrows and morphisms. (line 53) * hloff <1>: Turning low-level commands on/off. @@ -6105,13 +6173,13 @@ Macro index * hlon: Turning low-level commands on/off. (line 6) * hlopts <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hlopts <2>: Setting group options. (line 11) * hlopts: Setting default types and options. (line 15) * hlstart <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hlstart <2>: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 7) * hlstart <3>: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm. @@ -6209,6 +6277,9 @@ Macro index * idxsubmarked (hyperlinks): Index hyperlinks. (line 6) * ifempty: \ifempty. (line 6) * iffileexists: Auxiliary files. (line 10) +* ifidx: Indexing. (line 48) +* ifindexproofing: Proofing index terms. + (line 12) * ifinteger: \ifinteger and \isinteger. (line 6) * ifpdf <1>: Introduction to hyperlinks. @@ -6219,7 +6290,7 @@ Macro index (line 26) * ifundefined: \ifundefined. (line 6) * includegraphics: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * indexfilebasename: Typesetting an index. (line 11) * indexfonts: Typesetting an index. @@ -6228,6 +6299,10 @@ Macro index (line 49) * indexprooffont: Proofing index terms. (line 12) +* indexproofingfalse: Proofing index terms. + (line 12) +* indexproofingtrue: Proofing index terms. + (line 12) * indexproofterm: Proofing index terms. (line 12) * indexproofunbox: Proofing index terms. @@ -6300,11 +6375,11 @@ Macro index * li: Lists. (line 30) * li (hyperlinks): List hyperlinks. (line 6) * linenumberedlisting <1>: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * linenumberedlisting: Verbatim listing. (line 17) * listcompact: Lists. (line 41) * listing <1>: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * listing: Verbatim listing. (line 7) * listingfont: Verbatim listing. (line 10) * listleftindent: Formatting lists. (line 18) @@ -6349,7 +6424,7 @@ Macro index * nobibtex: Invoking Eplain. (line 73) * nocite: Citations. (line 53) * nolastlinelisting <1>: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * nolastlinelisting: Verbatim listing. (line 25) * nolinks (hyperlink driver): Hyperlink driver nolinks. (line 6) @@ -6425,7 +6500,7 @@ Macro index * readtocfile: Reading the .toc file. (line 6) * ref <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * ref: Using generic references. (line 17) * ref (hyperlinks): Cross-reference hyperlinks. @@ -6456,7 +6531,7 @@ Macro index (line 65) * rightmargin: Margins. (line 18) * rotatebox: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * rt: Arrows and morphisms. (line 14) * sanitize: Converting to characters. @@ -6479,7 +6554,7 @@ Macro index (line 14) * setproperty: Properties. (line 13) * setuplistinghook <1>: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * setuplistinghook: Verbatim listing. (line 13) * sidx: Indexing commands. (line 8) * sidxmarked: Indexing commands. (line 29) @@ -6525,7 +6600,7 @@ Macro index * unorderedlistdepth: Formatting lists. (line 41) * unorderedmarker: Formatting lists. (line 37) * url: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * url (hyperlink type) <1>: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm. (line 25) * url (hyperlink type): Link types for hypertex. @@ -6720,7 +6795,7 @@ Concept index * color: Packages known to work. (line 25) * color, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * color, hyperlink border: Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm. (line 14) * color, hyperlinks <1>: Setting default types and options. @@ -6731,7 +6806,7 @@ Concept index * color, problems with pdfTeX: Packages known to work. (line 29) * color.sty <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * color.sty <2>: Setting default types and options. (line 27) * color.sty <3>: Hyperlink driver nolinks. @@ -6751,7 +6826,7 @@ Concept index * commas in cross-referencing index entries: Customizing indexing. (line 64) * comments, highlighting in listings: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * commutative diagrams: Commutative diagrams. (line 6) * contents: Contents. (line 6) @@ -6770,7 +6845,7 @@ Concept index * cross-references, defining general: Defining generic references. (line 6) * cross-references, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * cross-references, hyperlinks: Cross-reference hyperlinks. (line 6) * cross-referencing index entries <1>: Customizing indexing. @@ -6814,12 +6889,12 @@ Concept index * destgroup options: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * destgroup options, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * destgroup type <1>: Setting group types. (line 6) * destgroup type: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * destgroup type, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * destination group: Implicit hyperlinks. (line 10) * destination options: Introduction to hyperlinks. (line 105) @@ -6856,12 +6931,12 @@ Concept index * destinations, group options: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * destinations, group options, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * destinations, group type <1>: Setting group types. (line 6) * destinations, group type: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * destinations, group type, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * destinations, in another file <1>: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm. (line 40) * destinations, in another file: Link types for hypertex. @@ -6899,6 +6974,7 @@ Concept index (line 6) * disabling hyperlinks: Hyperlink driver nolinks. (line 6) +* disabling indexes: Indexing. (line 48) * displayed math and hyperlinks <1>: Setting group options. (line 34) * displayed math and hyperlinks: Options supported by all drivers. @@ -6980,7 +7056,7 @@ Concept index * expansion, one-level: \expandonce. (line 6) * explicit hyperlinks: Explicit hyperlinks. (line 6) * explicit hyperlinks, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * file, hyperlink to <1>: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm. (line 40) * file, hyperlink to: Link types for hypertex. @@ -6991,7 +7067,7 @@ Concept index * filenames, breaking: Paths. (line 6) * files, verbatim listing of: Verbatim listing. (line 6) * files, verbatim listing of, demo: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * filtering index entries with hyperlinks: Exact destinations for index terms. (line 33) * footnotes, hyperlinks: Footnote hyperlinks. (line 6) @@ -7016,7 +7092,7 @@ Concept index * graphics collection, LaTeX: Loading LaTeX packages. (line 14) * graphics collection, LaTeX, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * graphics, omitting typesetting of: Packages known to work. (line 69) * graphics, problems with pdfTeX: Packages known to work. @@ -7024,7 +7100,7 @@ Concept index * graphics.sty: Packages known to work. (line 22) * graphicx.sty <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * graphicx.sty: Packages known to work. (line 23) * grid: Construction of commutative diagrams. @@ -7059,12 +7135,12 @@ Concept index * group options, hyperlink: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * group options, hyperlink, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * group type, hyperlink <1>: Setting group types. (line 6) * group type, hyperlink: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * group type, hyperlink, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * group, destination: Implicit hyperlinks. (line 10) * group, disabling hyperlinks: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group. (line 6) @@ -7080,7 +7156,7 @@ Concept index * highlighting: Packages known to work. (line 110) * highlighting, in listings: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * Ho"ppner, Klaus: Packages known to work. (line 82) * hooks: Hooks. (line 6) @@ -7138,7 +7214,7 @@ Concept index * hyperlinks, default type: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 6) * hyperlinks, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hyperlinks, disabling <1>: Turning hyperlinks on/off. (line 6) * hyperlinks, disabling: Hyperlink driver nolinks. @@ -7147,7 +7223,7 @@ Concept index (line 6) * hyperlinks, explicit: Explicit hyperlinks. (line 6) * hyperlinks, explicit, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hyperlinks, filtering index entries: Exact destinations for index terms. (line 33) * hyperlinks, footnotes: Footnote hyperlinks. (line 6) @@ -7158,7 +7234,7 @@ Concept index * hyperlinks, group options: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * hyperlinks, group options, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hyperlinks, group type <1>: Setting group types. (line 6) * hyperlinks, group type: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) @@ -7166,7 +7242,7 @@ Concept index (line 69) * hyperlinks, implicit: Implicit hyperlinks. (line 6) * hyperlinks, implicit, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * hyperlinks, index: Index hyperlinks. (line 6) * hyperlinks, index destination placement: Choosing destination placement. (line 6) @@ -7218,7 +7294,7 @@ Concept index * ignoring arguments: Macro arguments. (line 6) * implicit hyperlinks: Implicit hyperlinks. (line 6) * implicit hyperlinks, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * inaccessible macros: Category codes. (line 19) * index entries and ranges: Modifying index entries. (line 22) @@ -7268,6 +7344,7 @@ Concept index (line 6) * index, underlining page numbers: Page list and page range parsers. (line 26) +* indexes, disabling: Indexing. (line 48) * indexes, multiple: Indexing. (line 37) * indexing: Indexing. (line 6) * indexing and trailing spaces: Indexing terms. (line 20) @@ -7310,7 +7387,7 @@ Concept index * LaTeX graphics collection: Loading LaTeX packages. (line 14) * LaTeX graphics collection, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * LaTeX packages <1>: Packages known not to work. (line 6) * LaTeX packages <2>: Packages known to work. @@ -7351,7 +7428,7 @@ Concept index * link, group options: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * link, group options, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * link, group type <1>: Setting group types. (line 6) * link, group type: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) @@ -7376,7 +7453,7 @@ Concept index * linkgroup options: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) * linkgroup options, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * linkgroup type <1>: Setting group types. (line 6) * linkgroup type: Setting hyperlink types and options. (line 12) @@ -7387,7 +7464,7 @@ Concept index (line 6) * listing files: Verbatim listing. (line 6) * listing files, demo: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * lists: Lists. (line 6) * lists, formatting: Formatting lists. (line 6) * lists, hyperlinks: List hyperlinks. (line 6) @@ -7395,7 +7472,7 @@ Concept index * lookahead without spaces: \futurenonspacelet. (line 6) * loops: Iteration. (line 6) * lscommnt.tex: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * magnification, hyperlink destination: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm. (line 21) * makeindex <1>: Index hyperlinks. (line 12) @@ -7567,13 +7644,13 @@ Concept index * rotation: Packages known to work. (line 25) * rotation, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * rule thickness: Rules. (line 7) * run: links: General hyperlinks. (line 37) * scaling: Packages known to work. (line 25) * scaling, demo: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * sed: Customizing indexing. (line 66) * see also index entries and hyperlinks: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries. @@ -7694,7 +7771,7 @@ Concept index * URL hyperlink <3>: URL hyperlinks. (line 6) * URL hyperlink: General hyperlinks. (line 20) * url.sty <1>: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * url.sty <2>: URL hyperlinks. (line 6) * url.sty: Packages known to work. (line 118) @@ -7703,7 +7780,7 @@ Concept index (line 15) * verbatim listing: Verbatim listing. (line 6) * verbatim listing, demo: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * verbatim text, in index: Index entries with special characters. (line 40) * verbatim text, in table of contents: Writing the .toc file. @@ -7727,7 +7804,7 @@ Concept index (line 11) * xeplain.tex: Introduction. (line 6) * xhyper.tex: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex). - (line 6) + (line 8) * Zassenhaus, Hans: Construction of commutative diagrams. (line 122) * zooming, hyperlink destination: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm. @@ -7736,128 +7813,128 @@ Concept index Tag Table: -Node: Top824 -Node: Introduction8097 -Node: Installation11064 -Node: Invoking Eplain13116 -Node: User definitions17568 -Node: Diagnostics19395 -Node: Rules20965 -Node: Citations21798 -Node: Formatting citations27641 -Node: Formatting bibliographies29187 -Node: Displays32016 -Node: Formatting displays33063 -Node: Time of day33735 -Node: Lists34496 -Node: Formatting lists36655 -Node: Verbatim listing38951 -Node: Contents41680 -Node: Writing the .toc file42351 -Node: Reading the .toc file45219 -Node: Changing the .toc file's root name46629 -Node: Alternative contents files47649 -Node: Cross-references48214 -Node: Defining generic references49699 -Node: Using generic references50577 -Node: Page references51868 -Node: Equation references52692 -Node: Formatting equation references55445 -Node: Subequation references57745 -Node: Indexing59668 -Node: Indexing terms61671 -Node: Indexing commands62784 -Node: Modifying index entries65812 -Node: Index entries with special characters68529 -Node: Proofing index terms72788 -Node: Typesetting an index74601 -Node: Customizing indexing77068 -Node: Justification80775 -Node: Tables82454 -Node: Margins85009 -Node: Multiple columns87170 -Node: Footnotes89154 -Node: Fractions91741 -Node: Paths92528 -Node: Logos94135 -Node: Boxes94822 -Node: Checking for PDF output96620 -Node: Loading LaTeX packages97711 -Node: The \usepackage command99059 -Node: Environment for loading packages100149 -Node: Packages known to work102216 -Node: Packages known not to work108621 -Node: Hyperlinks109383 -Node: Introduction to hyperlinks109966 -Node: Explicit hyperlinks115522 -Node: Implicit hyperlinks117812 -Node: General hyperlinks119634 -Node: URL hyperlinks121102 -Node: Citation hyperlinks123131 -Node: List hyperlinks123863 -Node: Cross-reference hyperlinks124257 -Node: Page reference hyperlinks125637 -Node: Equation reference hyperlinks126301 -Node: Index hyperlinks127699 -Node: Exact destinations for index terms129463 -Node: Page destinations for index terms131639 -Node: Choosing destination placement134267 -Node: Index page list and page range parsers135059 -Node: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries135612 -Node: Footnote hyperlinks136411 -Node: Contents hyperlinks137609 -Node: Hyperlink drivers137992 -Node: Options supported by all drivers138627 -Node: Hyperlink driver hypertex141431 -Node: Destination types for hypertex144383 -Node: Destination options for hypertex145422 -Node: Link types for hypertex145904 -Node: Link options for hypertex147925 -Node: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm148949 -Node: Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm149595 -Node: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm153094 -Node: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm155549 -Node: Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm159088 -Node: Hyperlink driver nolinks162727 -Node: Setting hyperlink types and options165139 -Node: Setting default types and options166141 -Node: Setting group types167570 -Node: Setting group options168763 -Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off171253 -Node: Turning low-level commands on/off171891 -Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group172404 -Node: Arrow theoretic diagrams173561 -Node: Slanted lines and vectors173928 -Node: Commutative diagrams176010 -Node: Arrows and morphisms176609 -Node: Construction of commutative diagrams181087 -Node: Commutative diagram parameters188279 -Node: Programming definitions190098 -Node: Category codes191099 -Node: Allocation macros193709 -Node: Iteration195857 -Node: Macro arguments197516 -Node: Converting to characters200015 -Node: Expansion201407 -Node: \csn and \ece201970 -Node: \edefappend202536 -Node: Hooks203085 -Node: Properties205271 -Node: \expandonce206356 -Node: \ifundefined206805 -Node: \ifempty207369 -Node: \ifinteger and \isinteger208112 -Node: \futurenonspacelet209150 -Node: Obeying spaces209749 -Node: Writing out numbers210780 -Node: Mode-specific penalties211103 -Node: Auxiliary files211835 -Node: User-defined environments212758 -Node: Page list and page range parsers213973 -Node: Demo files216110 -Node: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)216678 -Node: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)224997 -Node: Macro index227421 -Node: Concept index289457 +Node: Top808 +Node: Introduction8090 +Node: Installation11057 +Node: Invoking Eplain13109 +Node: User definitions17561 +Node: Diagnostics19388 +Node: Rules20958 +Node: Citations21791 +Node: Formatting citations27634 +Node: Formatting bibliographies29180 +Node: Displays32009 +Node: Formatting displays33056 +Node: Time of day33728 +Node: Lists34489 +Node: Formatting lists36648 +Node: Verbatim listing38944 +Node: Contents41673 +Node: Writing the .toc file42344 +Node: Reading the .toc file45212 +Node: Changing the .toc file's root name46622 +Node: Alternative contents files47642 +Node: Cross-references48207 +Node: Defining generic references49692 +Node: Using generic references50570 +Node: Page references51861 +Node: Equation references52685 +Node: Formatting equation references55438 +Node: Subequation references59805 +Node: Indexing61728 +Node: Indexing terms64498 +Node: Indexing commands65611 +Node: Modifying index entries68639 +Node: Index entries with special characters71616 +Node: Proofing index terms75875 +Node: Typesetting an index77688 +Node: Customizing indexing80155 +Node: Justification83862 +Node: Tables85541 +Node: Margins88096 +Node: Multiple columns90257 +Node: Footnotes92241 +Node: Fractions94828 +Node: Paths95615 +Node: Logos97222 +Node: Boxes97909 +Node: Checking for PDF output99707 +Node: Loading LaTeX packages100798 +Node: The \usepackage command102146 +Node: Environment for loading packages103236 +Node: Packages known to work105303 +Node: Packages known not to work111708 +Node: Hyperlinks112470 +Node: Introduction to hyperlinks113053 +Node: Explicit hyperlinks118609 +Node: Implicit hyperlinks120899 +Node: General hyperlinks122721 +Node: URL hyperlinks124189 +Node: Citation hyperlinks126218 +Node: List hyperlinks126950 +Node: Cross-reference hyperlinks127344 +Node: Page reference hyperlinks128724 +Node: Equation reference hyperlinks129388 +Node: Index hyperlinks130786 +Node: Exact destinations for index terms132550 +Node: Page destinations for index terms134726 +Node: Choosing destination placement137354 +Node: Index page list and page range parsers138146 +Node: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries138699 +Node: Footnote hyperlinks139498 +Node: Contents hyperlinks140696 +Node: Hyperlink drivers141079 +Node: Options supported by all drivers141714 +Node: Hyperlink driver hypertex144518 +Node: Destination types for hypertex147470 +Node: Destination options for hypertex148509 +Node: Link types for hypertex148991 +Node: Link options for hypertex151012 +Node: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm152036 +Node: Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm152682 +Node: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm156181 +Node: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm158636 +Node: Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm162175 +Node: Hyperlink driver nolinks165814 +Node: Setting hyperlink types and options168226 +Node: Setting default types and options169228 +Node: Setting group types170657 +Node: Setting group options171850 +Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off174340 +Node: Turning low-level commands on/off174978 +Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group175491 +Node: Arrow theoretic diagrams176648 +Node: Slanted lines and vectors177015 +Node: Commutative diagrams179097 +Node: Arrows and morphisms179696 +Node: Construction of commutative diagrams184174 +Node: Commutative diagram parameters191366 +Node: Programming definitions193185 +Node: Category codes194186 +Node: Allocation macros196796 +Node: Iteration198944 +Node: Macro arguments200603 +Node: Converting to characters203102 +Node: Expansion204494 +Node: \csn and \ece205057 +Node: \edefappend205623 +Node: Hooks206172 +Node: Properties208358 +Node: \expandonce209443 +Node: \ifundefined209892 +Node: \ifempty210456 +Node: \ifinteger and \isinteger211199 +Node: \futurenonspacelet212237 +Node: Obeying spaces212836 +Node: Writing out numbers213867 +Node: Mode-specific penalties214190 +Node: Auxiliary files214922 +Node: User-defined environments215845 +Node: Page list and page range parsers217060 +Node: Demo files219197 +Node: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)219765 +Node: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)228114 +Node: Macro index230570 +Node: Concept index293087 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/fontname.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/fontname.info index 2fc234d0122..ff1b5a430d8 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/fontname.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/fontname.info @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -This is fontname.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from +This is fontname.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from fontname.texi. - This document is in the public domain and may be used freely. +This document is in the public domain and may be used freely. INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY @@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ Encodings * 8a:: Adobe standard. * 8r:: TeX base. -* cork:: Cork (aka EC, TeX Latin 1, tex256). * dvips:: Dvips. +* ec:: EC (aka Cork, TeX Latin 1, tex256). * qx:: QX, from GUST. * t5:: Vietnamese, from vntex. * texmext:: TeX math extension. @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Related files and distributions: * The TeX Directory Structure (TDS) standard, available at (`ftp://tug.org/tex/tds' and `CTAN:/tds') specifies a directory tree for all TeX library files. The directory names given in - *Note Suppliers:: and *Note Typefaces:: are intended to mesh with + *note Suppliers:: and *note Typefaces:: are intended to mesh with that standard. * The `modes.mf' file (`ftp://tug.org/tex/modes.mf') contains @@ -299,10 +299,12 @@ directory name, and comment. n ibm IBM o corel Corel p adobe Adobe (`p' for PostScript) + q texgyre TeX Gyre fonts from GUST Typefoundry r - raw (for [obsolete] use with virtual fonts) s sun Storm Type t paragrap ParaGraph u urw URW + v sil SIL w wolfram Wolfram z - bizarre (fontname is nonstandard) - autofont Eddie Kohler's autofont program @@ -367,618 +369,651 @@ a comment in roman. The `FontName' may be preceded by a letter S and a and we've used that abbreviation for the given `FontName' from that supplier. - a1 arial Arial - a2 amasis Amasis - a3 adlib AdLib - a4 altgoth2 AlternateGothicNo2 - a5 allegro Allegro - a6 amelia Amelia - a7 amertext AmericanText - a8 aurora Aurora - a9 adsans Adsans b:Humanist970BT - aa aachen Aachen - ab aboeckli ArnoldBoecklin - ac acaslon ACaslon Adobe Caslon - ad agaramon AGaramond Adobe Garamond - ae andalemo AndaleMono - ag avantgar AvantGarde m:MAvantGardeGothicPS u:URWGothicL - ah ashleysc AshleyScript - ai abadi Abadi - aj ajenson AJenson - ak arkona Arkona - al albertus Albertus b:Flareserif821BT - am amercana Americana b:Americana - an anna Anna - ao atqolive AntiqueOlive b:Incised901BT - ap apollo Apollo - aq antiqua Antiqua u:URWAntiqua m:BookAntiqua - ar arcadia Arcadia - as aldus Aldus - at atypewri AmericanTypewriter - au auriol Auriol b:Freeform721 - av avenir Avenir - ax alexa Alexa - az azdzgrot AkzidenzGrotesk b:Gothic725BT - b0 blackoak Blackoak - b1 blado Blado - b2 binnyos BinnyOldStyle - b3 braggado Braggadocio - b4 bison Bison b:Brush738BT - b5 binghams BinghamScript b:Freehand591BT - b6 block Block b:Gothic821 - b7 bernhard Bernhard BernhardModern - b8 blippo Blippo - b9 bremen Bremen - ba barmeno Barmeno - bb bembo Bembo b:Aldine401BT - bc banco Banco - bd bodoni Bodoni u:URWBodoni - be bell Bell - bf biffo Biffo - bg benguiat Benguiat - bh bauhaus Bauhaus - bi birch Birch - bj birka Birka - bk bookman Bookman m:MBookmanPS u:URWBookmanL - bl belwe Belwe - bm bulmer Bulmer - bn bernard Bernard - bo balloon Balloon - bp bodocamp BodoniCampanile b:Modern735 - br berling Berling b:Revival565BT - bs bakersig BakerSignet - bt boton Boton - bu brush BrushScript - bv baskervi Baskerville u:URWBasker - bw broadway Broadway - by berkeley Berkeley - bz balzano Balzano - c0 carolina Carolina - c1 calisto Calisto - c2 casln224 CaslonTwoTwentyFour - c3 caslon3 CaslonThree - c4 chicago Chicago - c5 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+nm nimbus Nimbus +nn nclarend NewClarendon +no notredam NotreDame +np nsplanti NewsPlantin +nr nberolin NewBerolina +ns timesnps TimesNewRomanPS +nt timesnew TimesNewRoman m:TimesNR n:SonoranSerif +nu nuptial Nuptial +nv novarese Novarese +nw neueunzi NeueHammerUnziale +nx nyx Nyx +ny nyala Nyala +nz neuzeits NeuzeitS +o0 oldreadf OldDreadfulNo7 +o1 oranda Oranda +o2 orbitb OrbitB +o3 colonna Colonna +o4 oceansan OceanSans +o5 comic Comic +o6 colombine Colombine l:ColombineLT +o7 oldsty7 OldStyleSeven +o8 officina Officina +oa ocra OCR-A +ob ocrb OCR-B +oc concorde Concorde +oe oldengli OldEnglish +of oxford Oxford +oi ondine Ondine Mermaid b:FormalScript421BT +oj oldclaud OldClaude +ol colmcill Colmcille +om omnia Omnia +on corona Corona +op optima Optima d:Optimum b:ZapfHumanist601BT Omega u:Classico +oq ouch Ouch +or orator Orator +os oldstyle OldStyle +ot coronet Coronet b:Ribbon131BT +ov octavian Octavian +ox onyx Onyx +oy olympian Olympian l:OlympicLH +oz ozhandcr OzHandicraft +p0 poplar Poplar +p1 palacesc PalaceScript +p2 pepita Pepita +p3 palette Palette b:Brush445BT +p4 pioneer PioneerITC +p5 piranesi Piranesi +p6 blueprin Blueprint +p7 petersbu Petersburg +pa parkave ParkAvenue +pb ptbarnum PtBarnum +pc poetica PoeticaChancery s:Scriptoria +pd placard Placard +pe prestige PrestigeElite +pf profile Profile Profil b:Decorated035BT +pg peignot Peignot b:Exotic350BT +ph photina Photina +pi pi @r{pi fonts---see text and @file{*.map} files} +pj pompeija Pompeijana +pl palatino Palatino d:Palton b:ZapfCalligraphic801BT u:URWPalladioL Palmspring k:Palindrome +pm postmed PostMediaeval +pn plantin Plantin b:Aldine721BT +po ponderos Ponderosa +pp perpetua Perpetua b:Lapidary333BT +pq postatqa PostAntiqua +pr popplres PopplResidenz +ps parisian Parisian +pt present Present +pu popplaud PopplLaudatio +pw perrywoo Perrywood +px popplpfx PopplPontifex +py playbill Playbill +pz poliphil Poliphilus +qr quorum Quorum +qs bellevue Bellevue +qt boulevar Boulevard +r0 romana Romana +r1 rotis RotisSemiSerif +r2 cantoria Cantoria +r3 rotis RotisSemiSans +r4 rotis RotisSansSerif +ra raleigh Raleigh +rc romic Romic +re requiem Requiem +rm carmina Carmina +rn rotation Rotation +ro rotis RotisSerif +rp reporter Reporter +rq russelsq RussellSquare +rr raphael Raphael +rs arrus Arrus +rt carta Carta +ru runic Runic +rv revue Revue +rw rockwell Rockwell Slate b:GeometricSlab712BT +rc rustican Rusticana +ry ryumin Ryumin +rz ruzicka RuzickaFreehandLH +s0 sanmarco SanMarco +s1 scotchro ScotchRoman +s2 script Script +s3 seagull Seagull +s4 shotgun Shotgun ShotgunBlanks +s5 snell Snell +s6 stuyvesa Stuyvesant +s7 sassoon Sassoon +s8 stonesan StoneSans +s9 segoescr SegoeScript +sa scala Scala +sb sabon Sabon b:ClassicalGaramondBT +sc slimbach Slimbach +se shelley Shelley +sf serifa Serifa +sg serifgth SerifGothic +sh shannon Shannon +si stoneinf StoneInformal +sk skia e:Skia +sl stencil Stencil +sm spectrum Spectrum +sn spartan Spartan +so sonata Sonata +sp serpenti Serpentine +sr snellrnd SnellRoundhand +ss stschnei StempelSchneidler +st stone StoneSerif +sv souvenir Souvenir +sw swing Swing +sx syntax Syntax +sy symbol Symbol m:MSymbolPS u:StandardSymL +t0 tango Tango +t1 thunderb Thunderbird +t2 typo TypoUpright +tb bebodoni BodoniBE BBodoni @r{Berthold Bodoni} +te timeseur TimesEuropa +tf tiffany Tiffany +tg tradegth TradeGothic +th tahoma Tahoma +ti techphon TechPhonetic +tj trajan Trajan +tk tekton Tekton +tl castella Castellar +tm times Times u:NimbusRoman u:NimbusRomNo9L b:Dutch801BT +tn norasi Norasi +to torino Torino b:Industrial736BT +tp tempo Tempo +tr trebuche Trebuchet +ts thesansm TheSansMono +tu doulos SILDoulos TeXToulouse +tv trumpmed TrumpMediaeval b:Kuenstler480BT +tw twentyc TwentiethCentury +ty typewrit Typewriter u:URWTypewriter +u0 columbus Columbus +ub babodoni BauerBodoni +ud studio Studio +ug bengugth BenguiatGothic +uh cushing Cushing +ul universa Universal +um umbra Umbra +un univers Univers b:ZurichBT +ur centaur Centaur b:Venetian301BT +ut utopia Utopia +uw usherwoo Usherwood +uy universi University +v0 vineta Vineta +va activa Activa +vc vectora Vectora +vd vandijck VanDijck +ve veraseri VeraSerif +vg visigoth Visigoth +vi victoria Victoria +vj veljovic Veljovic +vm veramono VeraSansMono +vn verdana Verdana +vl versaill Versailles +vr vagrnd VAGRounded +vs verasans VeraSans +vv viva Viva +w0 weddingt WeddingT +w1 wiesbswi WiesbadenSwing +w9 wastrel Wastrel +wb walbaum Walbaum +wc snowcap SnowCap +wd weideman Weidemann +wg wlklgth WilhelmKlingsporGotisch +wh wendy Wendy +wi wingding Wingdings +wk wilke Wilke +wn windsor Windsor +wp warnockp WarnockPro +wr wittenbe WitternbergerFrakt +ws weiss Weiss +wt watertit WatersTitling +ww willow Willow +xc eccentri Eccentric +xl linuxlib LinuxLibertine +xp exponto ExPonto +yg centuryg CenturyGothic +yh strayhor Strayhorn +ym stymie Stymie +ys goudysan GoudySans +za zantiqua ZAntiqua l:ZapfRenaisSH l:ZapfRenaisSB l:ZapfRenSwaSH +zc zapfchan ZapfChancery m:ZapfChanceryPS u:URWChanceryL +zd zapfding ZapfDingbats m:ZapfDingbatsPS u:Dingbats +zf zapfino Zapinfo l:LinotypeZapfino-{One,Two,Three,Four,Ligature,Ornaments} +zg neuzeitg NeuzeitGrotesk b:Geometric706BT +zp ziptydo ZiptyDo +zt zeitgeis Zeitgeist +__ agbook AGBookStencil +__ agbookrn AGBookRounded +__ agoldfac AGOldFace +__ agschlbk AGSchoolbook +__ aja Aja +__ albertin AlbertinaMT +__ amigo Amigo +__ andreas Andreas +__ ariadne Ariadne +__ banshee Banshee +__ beesknee Beesknees +__ bellcent BellCentenial +__ berlgrot BerlinerGrotesk +__ bermuda BermudaLP +__ berthold BertholdScript +__ bickham BickhamScript +__ blueisla BlueIsland +__ bodoniof BodoniOldFaceBE +__ bossanov BossaNovaMVB +__ briemaka BriemAkademi +__ briemscr BriemScript +__ buffalog BuffaloGalMT +__ caflisch CaflischScript +__ caliban Caliban +__ catull Catull +__ celestia CelestiaAntiqua +__ cerigo Cerigo +__ chaparra Chaparral +__ christia Christiana +__ colossal Colossalis +__ comenius ComeniusAntiqua +__ concorde ConcordeNova +__ congabra CongaBrava +__ copal Copal +__ coriande Coriander +__ cosmos Cosmos +__ cremona Cremona +__ critter Critter +__ cronos Cronos +__ ctmercur CTMercurius +__ curlz CurlzMT +__ cutout Cutout +__ delphin Delphin +__ elgreco ElGreco +__ else ElseNPL +__ emmascri Emmascript +__ flood Flood +__ florens FlorensLP +__ fusaka Fusaka +__ gallia MonotypeGallia +__ garamobe GaramondBE +__ gillfaci GillFaciaMT +__ gillflor GillFloriatedCapsMT +__ graphite Graphite +__ greymant GreymantleMVB +__ hardwood HardwoodLP +__ immi505 Immi505 +__ jimbo Jimbo +__ khaki Khaki +__ kidprint KidprintMT +__ kinesis Kinesis +__ kochantq KochAntiqua +__ legault Legault +__ lightlin LightlineGothicMT +__ lotype LoType +__ magnesiu MagnesiumMVB +__ magnolia MagnoliaMVB +__ mahsuri MahsuriSansMT +__ manito ManitoLP +__ mendoza MendozaRoman +__ mezz Mezz +__ micr MICR +__ monalisa MonaLisa +__ motterco MotterCorpus +__ mythos Mythos +__ nueva Nueva +__ oceansan OceanSans +__ origami Origami +__ ozwald Ozwald +__ pastonch PastonchiMT +__ pelican Pelican +__ penumbra Penumbra +__ pepperwo Pepperwood +__ poetica Poetica +__ pompeia Pompeia +__ popplexq PopplExquisit +__ postino Postino +__ quake Quake +__ rad Rad +__ reliq Reliq +__ rosewood Rosewood +__ rulngscr RulingScript +__ russlobl RusselOblique +__ sanvito Sanvito +__ sassafra Sassafras +__ serlio SerlioLH +__ sho Sho +__ shuriken Shuriken +__ smaragd Smaragd +__ spring SpringLP +__ spumoni SpumoniLP +__ studz Studz +__ tiepolo Tiepolo +__ toolbox Toolbox +__ verve Verve +__ volutasc VolutaScript +__ zebrawoo Zebrawood +__ shouyi Shouyi @r{for mnm} File: fontname.info, Node: Weights, Next: Variants, Prev: Typefaces, Up: Filenames for fonts @@ -1103,7 +1138,7 @@ generate small caps fonts. are obsolete; future fonts in different scripts should be assigned an appropriate encoding abbreviation. These are not currently standardized, due to ignorance of the appropriate encodings. - Please send suggestions for abbreviations to the address in *Note + Please send suggestions for abbreviations to the address in *note Introduction::. `m' @@ -1153,7 +1188,7 @@ PostScript `Encoding' name. 0 inferior 1 superior - obsolete [2=>7c] Fraktur encoding + 2 proportional digits, not tabular obsolete [3=>7f] Fraction obsolete [4 fax; now typeface `lx', Lucida Fax] 5 escape for (presently) phonetic encodings @@ -1167,7 +1202,7 @@ PostScript `Encoding' name. d Display Titling Caption Headline TallCaps SwashCaps LombardicCaps Festive e Engraved Copperplate Elite f Fraktur Gothic OldEnglish Handtooled (`gothic' can also be sans) - g SmallText designed for small sizes [was grooved, as in the IBM logo] + g SmallText lc only, or designed for small sizes [was grooved, as in the IBM logo] h Shadow i Italic Kursiv Ital text italic j old-style digits [was invisible] @@ -1181,9 +1216,9 @@ PostScript `Encoding' name. r roman or sans; often omitted, see text s Gothic sans serif t Monospace fixed-width typewriter - u unslanted italic + u underline or unslanted italic v MathExtension - w Script Handwritten Swash Calligraphy Cursive Tango + w Script Handwritten Swash Calligraphy Cursive Tango Ligature x built with Adobe expert encoding [was expert-encoded] y MathSymbol z Cyrillic font-dependent Cyrillic @@ -1223,14 +1258,15 @@ PostScript `Encoding' name. 8c TeXTextCompanion LaTeX TS1 8e CE Adobe CE 8f TeXAfricanLatin LaTeX T4 + 8g groff 8i TS0 Intersection of TS1/Adobe Standard 8m Macintosh standard encoding 8n LM1 Textures 8q encqxoosix QX, from GUST 8r TeXBase1Encoding (*note 8r::) - 8t CorkEncoding (*note cork::), aka tex256.enc + 8t ECEncoding CorkEncoding (*note ec::), aka tex256.enc 8u XT2Encoding cmtt + Latin 2, see `xl2.enc' - 8v TeXVietnamese to be defined + 8v TeXVietnamese T5 8w Windows 3.1 ANSI encoding 8x Expert expert encoding 8y LY1 texnansi @@ -1258,7 +1294,7 @@ font. Arranged from narrowest to widest (more or less): ultra compressed, extra condensed, compressed, condensed, narrow regular - extended, expanded, wide + semiextended, extended, expanded, wide Expansion or compression of fonts is sometimes done automatically (as by the PostScript `scale' operator), and sometimes done by humans. @@ -1275,7 +1311,7 @@ and any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation. c Condensed Cond e Expanded - n Narrow + n Narrow Semicondensed o UltraCondensed p Compressed Compact q ExtraCompressed ExtraCondensed @@ -1285,6 +1321,7 @@ and any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation. v ExtraExpanded more than Expanded, less than Wide w Wide x Extended Elongated + y Semiexpanded File: fontname.info, Node: Long names, Next: Font name lists, Prev: Filenames for fonts, Up: Top @@ -11524,6 +11561,9 @@ font (*note Changing font encodings: (dvips)Changing font encodings.). ones for use with `fontinst' in particular, see `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/utilities/fontinst/doc/encspecs'. + A tutorial on character code issues in general is available at +`http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/chars.html'. + Naming specific characters is a tangled and difficult area. Here are some links to character tables for Unicode, Adobe, and WGL4, for your researching pleasure (thanks to Boguslaw Jackowski for the list): @@ -11542,10 +11582,12 @@ researching pleasure (thanks to Boguslaw Jackowski for the list): * Menu: +* 6w:: CP-1251 (Cyrillic). * 8a:: Adobe standard. * 8r:: TeX base. -* cork:: Cork (aka EC, TeX Latin 1, tex256). * dvips:: Dvips. +* ec:: EC (aka COrk, TeX Latin 1, tex256). +* groff:: 8g. * t5:: Vietnamese, from vntex. * qx:: QX, from GUST. * texmext:: TeX math extension. @@ -11557,9 +11599,285 @@ researching pleasure (thanks to Boguslaw Jackowski for the list): * xt2:: Typewriter version of xl2. -File: fontname.info, Node: 8a, Next: 8r, Up: Encodings +File: fontname.info, Node: 6w, Next: 8a, Up: Encodings + +B.1 `6w.enc': Cyrillic CP-1251 +============================== + +% @psencodingfile{ +% author = "Adobe", +% version = "1.1", +% date = "12jun05", +% filename = "8a.enc", +% license = "public domain", +% email = "tex-fonts@tug.org", +% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", +% docstring = "Adobe StandardEncoding as an afm2tfm/dvips .enc file." +% } +% 12jun05 - comment changes only. +/StandardEncoding [ +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/space +/exclam +/quotedbl +/numbersign +/dollar +/percent +/ampersand +/quoteright +/parenleft +/parenright +/asterisk +/plus +/comma +/hyphen +/period +/slash +/zero +/one +/two +/three +/four +/five +/six +/seven +/eight +/nine +/colon +/semicolon +/less +/equal +/greater +/question +/at +/A +/B +/C +/D +/E +/F +/G +/H +/I +/J +/K +/L +/M +/N +/O +/P +/Q +/R +/S +/T +/U +/V +/W +/X +/Y +/Z +/bracketleft +/backslash +/bracketright +/asciicircum +/underscore +/quoteleft +/a +/b +/c +/d +/e +/f +/g +/h +/i +/j +/k +/l +/m +/n +/o +/p +/q +/r +/s +/t +/u +/v +/w +/x +/y +/z +/braceleft +/bar +/braceright +/asciitilde +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/exclamdown +/cent +/sterling +/fraction +/yen +/florin +/section +/currency +/quotesingle +/quotedblleft +/guillemotleft +/guilsinglleft +/guilsinglright +/fi +/fl +/.notdef +/endash +/dagger +/daggerdbl +/periodcentered +/.notdef +/paragraph +/bullet +/quotesinglbase +/quotedblbase +/quotedblright +/guillemotright +/ellipsis +/perthousand +/.notdef +/questiondown +/.notdef +/grave +/acute +/circumflex +/tilde +/macron +/breve +/dotaccent +/dieresis +/.notdef +/ring +/cedilla +/.notdef +/hungarumlaut +/ogonek +/caron +/emdash +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/AE +/.notdef +/ordfeminine +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/Lslash +/Oslash +/OE +/ordmasculine +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/ae +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/dotlessi +/.notdef +/.notdef +/lslash +/oslash +/oe +/germandbls +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +/.notdef +] def + + +File: fontname.info, Node: 8a, Next: 8r, Prev: 6w, Up: Encodings -B.1 `8a.enc': Adobe standard encoding +B.2 `8a.enc': Adobe standard encoding ===================================== % @psencodingfile{ @@ -11833,9 +12151,9 @@ B.1 `8a.enc': Adobe standard encoding ] def -File: fontname.info, Node: 8r, Next: cork, Prev: 8a, Up: Encodings +File: fontname.info, Node: 8r, Next: dvips, Prev: 8a, Up: Encodings -B.2 `8r.enc': TeX base encoding +B.3 `8r.enc': TeX base encoding =============================== % File 8r.enc TeX Base 1 Encoding Revision 2.0 2002-10-30 @@ -11844,7 +12162,7 @@ B.2 `8r.enc': TeX base encoding % author = "S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry, % W. Schmidt, P. Lehman", % version = "2.0", -% date = "30 October 2002", +% date = "27nov06", % filename = "8r.enc", % email = "tex-fonts@@tug.org", % docstring = "This is the encoding vector for Type1 and TrueType @@ -11954,7 +12272,7 @@ B.2 `8r.enc': TeX base encoding /currency /yen /brokenbar /section /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron -% 0xD0 +% 0xB0 /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright @@ -11982,24 +12300,95 @@ B.2 `8r.enc': TeX base encoding ] def -File: fontname.info, Node: cork, Next: dvips, Prev: 8r, Up: Encodings +File: fontname.info, Node: dvips, Next: ec, Prev: 8r, Up: Encodings -B.3 `cork.enc': Cork encoding -============================= +B.4 `dvips.enc': Dvips encoding +=============================== % @psencodingfile{ -% version = "1.0", +% author = "T. Rokicki, K. Berry", +% version = "2.1", % date = "12jun05", -% filename = "cork.enc", -% license = "public domain", +% filename = "dvips.enc", % email = "tex-fonts@tug.org", % codetable = "ISO/ASCII", -% docstring = "This is the Cork encoding, aka TeX Latin 1, aka tex256, as -% described in TTN 1(4), December 1992, and TUGboat 11(4), November -% 1990, page 514. EC is the name of the Computer Modern-based fonts in -% this encoding. NFSS and Fontinst know it as `T1'." +% docstring = "An encoding for PostScript fonts to be used with TeX. +% +% This is almost the default encoding produced by the afm2tfm program +% that comes with the dvips distribution, when it is applied to a +% StandardEncoding PostScript font. The positions of the accented +% characters (which afm2tfm assigned more or less randomly in the +% previous set of fonts) have been held fixed. +% +% It is almost upward-compatible with TeX text. (The primary exceptions +% are dotaccent and hungarumlaut.) Some of the ligatures are also in +% different positions, but this is not important, since ligature +% positions are defined in the TFM file, not by macros. +% +% The character positions were assigned in this order: +% 1) non-composite characters in the afm2tfm encoding (except dotlessj +% was included in its plain TeX position); +% 2) available characters in the Cork (EC) encoding; +% 3) remaining composite characters in the base encoding (starting at +% position 130 decimal). We don't include all the other base +% characters because that changes the height/depth/width tables in +% the TFM files (because more characters mean more distinct values). +% +% We leave the initial positions open for the Greek letters in Times-Roman. +% " % } -% 12jun05 - Don't use Texinfo @'s in LIGKERN's. +% 12jun05 - don't use extra @'s for Texinfo any more. +% +/DvipsEncoding [ + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /quotesingle /exclamdown /questiondown + /dotlessi /dotlessj /grave /acute /caron /breve /macron /ring + /cedilla /germandbls /ae /oe /oslash /AE /OE /Oslash + /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright + /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash + /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven + /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question + /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G + /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O + /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W + /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /circumflex /underscore + /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g + /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o + /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w + /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /tilde /dieresis + /asciicircum /asciitilde /Ccedilla /Iacute + /Icircumflex /atilde /edieresis /egrave + /scaron /zcaron /Eth /ff /ffi /ffl /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /Scaron /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /Ydieresis /.notdef /Zcaron /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /cent /sterling /fraction /yen /florin /section + /currency /copyright /quotedblleft /guillemotleft + /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl + /degree /endash /dagger /daggerdbl /periodcentered /.notdef /paragraph /bullet + /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /quotedblright /guillemotright + /ellipsis /perthousand /.notdef /.notdef + /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /.notdef /dotaccent + /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis + /Igrave /hungarumlaut /ogonek /Idieresis + /emdash /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /.notdef + /.notdef /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /.notdef + /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /ordfeminine + /adieresis /aring /.notdef /ccedilla + /Lslash /eacute /ecircumflex /ordmasculine + /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis + /.notdef /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /.notdef + /lslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis +] def + + +File: fontname.info, Node: ec, Next: groff, Prev: dvips, Up: Encodings + +B.5 `ec.enc': Cork encoding +=========================== + +% +% This is the EC encoding. % % These are the ligs and kerns in addition to those found in the % AFM file. (The only ligs in the Times-Roman.afm file are the @@ -12011,7 +12400,7 @@ B.3 `cork.enc': Cork encoding % LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ; % LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ; % -% We remove kerns to and from spaces (TeX doesn't have a +% We blow away kerns to and from spaces (TeX doesn't have a % space) and also remove any kerns from the numbers (although % the only kern pair that mentions a number in Times-Roman.afm % is one one.) @@ -12025,15 +12414,15 @@ B.3 `cork.enc': Cork encoding % LIGKERN comma comma =: quotedblbase ; less less =: guillemotleft ; % LIGKERN greater greater =: guillemotright ; % -/CorkEncoding [ % now 256 chars follow +/ECEncoding [ % now 256 chars follow % 0x00 /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /dieresis /hungarumlaut /ring /caron /breve /macron /dotaccent /cedilla /ogonek /quotesinglbase /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright % 0x10 /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quotedblbase /guillemotleft - /guillemotright /endash /emdash /compwordmark - /perthousandzero /dotlessi /dotlessj /ff /fi /fl /ffi /ffl + /guillemotright /endash /emdash /cwm + /zeroinferior /dotlessi /dotlessj /ff /fi /fl /ffi /ffl % 0x20 /visualspace /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright @@ -12064,8 +12453,7 @@ B.3 `cork.enc': Cork encoding % 0xB0 /rcaron /sacute /scaron /scedilla /tquoteright /tcedilla /uhungarumlaut /uring - /ydieresis /zacute /zcaron /zdotaccent - /ij /exclamdown /questiondown /sterling + /ydieresis /zacute /zcaron /zdotaccent /ij /exclamdown /questiondown /sterling % 0xC0 /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis @@ -12083,91 +12471,114 @@ B.3 `cork.enc': Cork encoding ] def -File: fontname.info, Node: dvips, Next: t5, Prev: cork, Up: Encodings +File: fontname.info, Node: groff, Next: t5, Prev: ec, Up: Encodings -B.4 `dvips.enc': Dvips encoding +B.6 `groff.enc': groff encoding =============================== -% @psencodingfile{ -% author = "T. Rokicki, K. Berry", -% version = "2.1", -% date = "12jun05", -% filename = "dvips.enc", -% email = "tex-fonts@tug.org", -% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", -% docstring = "An encoding for PostScript fonts to be used with TeX. -% -% This is almost the default encoding produced by the afm2tfm program -% that comes with the dvips distribution, when it is applied to a -% StandardEncoding PostScript font. The positions of the accented -% characters (which afm2tfm assigned more or less randomly in the -% previous set of fonts) have been held fixed. -% -% It is almost upward-compatible with TeX text. (The primary exceptions -% are dotaccent and hungarumlaut.) Some of the ligatures are also in -% different positions, but this is not important, since ligature -% positions are defined in the TFM file, not by macros. -% -% The character positions were assigned in this order: -% 1) non-composite characters in the afm2tfm encoding (except dotlessj -% was included in its plain TeX position); -% 2) available characters in the Cork (EC) encoding; -% 3) remaining composite characters in the base encoding (starting at -% position 130 decimal). We don't include all the other base -% characters because that changes the height/depth/width tables in -% the TFM files (because more characters mean more distinct values). +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Encoding % -% We leave the initial positions open for the Greek letters in Times-Roman. -% " +% @psencodingfile{ +% author = "Werner Lemberg, Michail Vidiassov", +% version = "1.0", +% date = "2006-Feb-03", +% filename = "groff.enc", +% license = "public domain", +% email = "groff@gnu.org", +% docstring = "Groff default text encoding. Used with MetaPost." % } -% 12jun05 - don't use extra @'s for Texinfo any more. -% -/DvipsEncoding [ - /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef - /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef - /.notdef /quotesingle /exclamdown /questiondown - /dotlessi /dotlessj /grave /acute /caron /breve /macron /ring - /cedilla /germandbls /ae /oe /oslash /AE /OE /Oslash - /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright - /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash - /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven - /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question - /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G - /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O - /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W - /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /circumflex /underscore - /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g - /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o - /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w - /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /tilde /dieresis - /asciicircum /asciitilde /Ccedilla /Iacute - /Icircumflex /atilde /edieresis /egrave - /scaron /zcaron /Eth /ff /ffi /ffl /.notdef /.notdef - /.notdef /.notdef /Scaron /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef - /Ydieresis /.notdef /Zcaron /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef - /.notdef /.notdef /cent /sterling /fraction /yen /florin /section - /currency /copyright /quotedblleft /guillemotleft - /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl - /degree /endash /dagger /daggerdbl /periodcentered /.notdef /paragraph /bullet - /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /quotedblright /guillemotright - /ellipsis /perthousand /.notdef /.notdef - /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /.notdef /dotaccent - /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis - /Igrave /hungarumlaut /ogonek /Idieresis - /emdash /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /.notdef - /.notdef /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /.notdef - /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /ordfeminine - /adieresis /aring /.notdef /ccedilla - /Lslash /eacute /ecircumflex /ordmasculine - /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis - /.notdef /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /.notdef - /lslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis + +%%BeginResource: encoding groffEncoding +/groffEncoding [ +% 0x00 | 0 + /asciicircum /asciitilde /Scaron /Zcaron + /scaron /zcaron /Ydieresis /trademark + /quotesingle /Euro /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef +% 0x10 | 16 + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef + /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef +% 0x20 | 32 + /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign + /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright + /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus + /comma /hyphen /period /slash +% 0x30 | 48 + /zero /one /two /three + /four /five /six /seven + /eight /nine /colon /semicolon + /less /equal /greater /question +% 0x40 | 64 + /at /A /B /C + /D /E /F /G + /H /I /J /K + /L /M /N /O +% 0x50 | 80 + /P /Q /R /S + /T /U /V /W + /X /Y /Z /bracketleft + /backslash /bracketright /circumflex /underscore +% 0x60 | 96 + /quoteleft /a /b /c + /d /e /f /g + /h /i /j /k + /l /m /n /o +% 0x70 | 112 + /p /q /r /s + /t /u /v /w + /x /y /z /braceleft + /bar /braceright /tilde /.notdef +% 0x80 | 128 + /quotesinglbase /guillemotleft /guillemotright /bullet + /florin /fraction /perthousand /dagger + /daggerdbl /endash /emdash /ff + /fi /fl /ffi /ffl +% 0x90 | 144 + /dotlessi /dotlessj /grave /hungarumlaut + /dotaccent /breve /caron /ring + /ogonek /quotedblleft /quotedblright /oe + /lslash /quotedblbase /OE /Lslash +% 0xA0 | 160 + /.notdef /exclamdown /cent /sterling + /currency /yen /brokenbar /section + /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guilsinglleft + /logicalnot /minus /registered /macron +% 0xB0 | 176 + /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior + /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered + /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guilsinglright + /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown +% 0xC0 | 192 + /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde + /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla + /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis + /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis +% 0xD0 | 208 + /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute + /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply + /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex + /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls +% 0xE0 | 224 + /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde + /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla + /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis + /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis +% 0xF0 | 240 + /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute + /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide + /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex + /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis ] def +%%EndResource + +% eof -File: fontname.info, Node: t5, Next: qx, Prev: dvips, Up: Encodings +File: fontname.info, Node: t5, Next: qx, Prev: groff, Up: Encodings -B.5 `t5.enc': T5 encoding +B.7 `t5.enc': T5 encoding ========================= % Copyright 2000-2005 Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>. @@ -12432,7 +12843,7 @@ B.5 `t5.enc': T5 encoding File: fontname.info, Node: qx, Next: texmext, Prev: t5, Up: Encodings -B.6 `qx.enc' +B.8 `qx.enc' ============ From GUST. @@ -13281,7 +13692,7 @@ with QX ver. 0.06. File: fontname.info, Node: texmext, Next: texmsym, Prev: qx, Up: Encodings -B.7 `texmext.enc': TeX math extension encoding +B.9 `texmext.enc': TeX math extension encoding ============================================== % @psencodingfile{ @@ -13484,8 +13895,8 @@ B.7 `texmext.enc': TeX math extension encoding File: fontname.info, Node: texmsym, Next: texmital, Prev: texmext, Up: Encodings -B.8 `texmsym.enc': TeX math symbol encoding -=========================================== +B.10 `texmsym.enc': TeX math symbol encoding +============================================ % @psencodingfile{ % author = "Donald Knuth", @@ -13685,8 +14096,8 @@ B.8 `texmsym.enc': TeX math symbol encoding File: fontname.info, Node: texmital, Next: texnansi, Prev: texmsym, Up: Encodings -B.9 `texmital.enc': TeX math italic encoding -============================================ +B.11 `texmital.enc': TeX math italic encoding +============================================= % @psencodingfile{ % author = "Donald Knuth", @@ -13887,7 +14298,7 @@ B.9 `texmital.enc': TeX math italic encoding File: fontname.info, Node: texnansi, Next: texnansx, Prev: texmital, Up: Encodings -B.10 `texnansi.enc' +B.12 `texnansi.enc' =================== From Y&Y. @@ -14213,7 +14624,7 @@ From Y&Y. File: fontname.info, Node: texnansx, Next: xl2, Prev: texnansi, Up: Encodings -B.11 `texnansx.enc' +B.13 `texnansx.enc' =================== From Y&Y. `texnansi' without repeats. @@ -14495,7 +14906,7 @@ From Y&Y. `texnansi' without repeats. File: fontname.info, Node: xl2, Next: xt2, Prev: texnansx, Up: Encodings -B.12 `xl2.enc': OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended +B.14 `xl2.enc': OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended ========================================== % @psencodingfile{ @@ -14829,7 +15240,7 @@ B.12 `xl2.enc': OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended File: fontname.info, Node: xt2, Prev: xl2, Up: Encodings -B.13 `xt2.enc': typewriter OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended +B.15 `xt2.enc': typewriter OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended ===================================================== % @psencodingfile{ @@ -15238,6 +15649,7 @@ General index * 35 standard PostScript fonts: Standard PostScript fonts. (line 6) +* 62.enc: 6w. (line 6) * 7-bit encodings: Variants. (line 44) * 8-bit encodings: Variants. (line 44) * 8a.enc: 8a. (line 6) @@ -15266,9 +15678,10 @@ General index * compression: Widths. (line 6) * contributors: History. (line 30) * copyright on fonts: Font legalities. (line 6) -* Cork encoding: cork. (line 6) -* cork.enc: cork. (line 6) +* Cork encoding: ec. (line 6) +* CP-1251 encoding: 6w. (line 6) * Cugley, Damian: History. (line 30) +* Cyrillic encoding: 6w. (line 6) * Cyrillic encodings: Variants. (line 44) * Cyrillic fonts: Variants. (line 86) * design size specification: Filenames for fonts. (line 40) @@ -15279,18 +15692,21 @@ General index * Dvips encoding: dvips. (line 6) * Dvips translator: References. (line 24) * dvips.enc: dvips. (line 6) -* EC encoding: cork. (line 6) +* EC encoding: ec. (line 6) +* ec.enc: ec. (line 6) * eight-character limitation: Filenames for fonts. (line 6) * encoding files: Introduction. (line 16) * encoding vectors: Encodings. (line 6) * encoding, Dvips: dvips. (line 6) +* encoding, Groff: groff. (line 6) * encoding, T5: t5. (line 6) * encodings, Adobe standard: 8a. (line 6) -* encodings, Cork: cork. (line 6) -* encodings, EC: cork. (line 6) +* encodings, Cork: ec. (line 6) +* encodings, Cyrillic CP-1251: 6w. (line 6) +* encodings, EC: ec. (line 6) * encodings, qx: qx. (line 6) * encodings, TeX base: 8r. (line 6) -* encodings, TeX Latin 1: cork. (line 6) +* encodings, TeX Latin 1: ec. (line 6) * encodings, TeX math italic: texmital. (line 6) * encodings, TeX math symbol <1>: texmsym. (line 6) * encodings, TeX math symbol: texmext. (line 6) @@ -15321,6 +15737,8 @@ General index * Germany, font design protection law: Font legalities. (line 43) * Grandjean, Philippe: Font legalities. (line 62) * Greek fonts: Variants. (line 86) +* Groff encoding: groff. (line 6) +* groff.enc: groff. (line 6) * hexadecimal design size: Filenames for fonts. (line 40) * history: History. (line 6) * Holmes, Kris: Font legalities. (line 6) @@ -15406,7 +15824,7 @@ General index * terminology: References. (line 34) * TeX base encoding: 8r. (line 6) * TeX Directory Structure standard: References. (line 8) -* TeX Latin 1 encoding: cork. (line 6) +* TeX Latin 1 encoding: ec. (line 6) * TeX math extension encoding: texmext. (line 6) * TeX math italic encoding: texmital. (line 6) * TeX math symbol encoding: texmsym. (line 6) @@ -15446,44 +15864,46 @@ General index Tag Table: -Node: Top262 -Node: Introduction2039 -Node: History3106 -Node: References4921 -Node: Filenames for fonts6472 -Node: Suppliers8075 -Node: Typefaces10527 -Node: Weights33366 -Node: Variants34179 -Node: Widths44318 -Node: Long names45678 -Node: Name mapping file46237 -Node: Long naming scheme47815 -Node: Font name lists49571 -Node: Standard PostScript fonts50030 -Node: Adobe fonts51492 -Node: Apple fonts241472 -Node: Bitstream fonts241806 -Node: DTC fonts302570 -Node: ITC fonts303487 -Node: Linotype fonts349127 -Node: Monotype fonts605153 -Node: URW fonts691710 -Node: Encodings694909 -Node: 8a696787 -Node: 8r699286 -Node: cork704277 -Node: dvips708285 -Node: t5712093 -Node: qx720044 -Node: texmext761516 -Node: texmsym765372 -Node: texmital768553 -Node: texnansi771285 -Node: texnansx778364 -Node: xl2783343 -Node: xt2788330 -Node: Font legalities792957 -Node: General index796780 +Node: Top260 +Node: Introduction2037 +Node: History3104 +Node: References4919 +Node: Filenames for fonts6470 +Node: Suppliers8073 +Node: Typefaces10608 +Node: Weights31449 +Node: Variants32262 +Node: Widths42471 +Node: Long names43879 +Node: Name mapping file44438 +Node: Long naming scheme46016 +Node: Font name lists47772 +Node: Standard PostScript fonts48231 +Node: Adobe fonts49693 +Node: Apple fonts239673 +Node: Bitstream fonts240007 +Node: DTC fonts300771 +Node: ITC fonts301688 +Node: Linotype fonts347328 +Node: Monotype fonts603354 +Node: URW fonts689911 +Node: Encodings693110 +Node: 6w695170 +Node: 8a697655 +Node: 8r700165 +Node: dvips705149 +Node: ec708955 +Node: groff712470 +Node: t5717404 +Node: qx725355 +Node: texmext766827 +Node: texmsym770683 +Node: texmital773866 +Node: texnansi776600 +Node: texnansx783679 +Node: xl2788658 +Node: xt2793645 +Node: Font legalities798272 +Node: General index802095 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/info-stnd.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/info-stnd.info index f238b24f13a..cc941f82faa 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/info-stnd.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/info-stnd.info @@ -1,24 +1,29 @@ -This is info-stnd.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from +This is info-stnd.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from info-stnd.texi. - This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.7, 23 March 2004), a program -for viewing documents in Info format (usually created from Texinfo -source files). +This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.12, 5 March 2008), a program for +viewing documents in Info format (usually created from Texinfo source +files). - Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, -2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, +2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled - "GNU Free Documentation License." + "GNU Free Documentation License' in the Texinfo manual. + + (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy + and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports + it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." - (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." + This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free +Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document +separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the +license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. INFO-DIR-SECTION Texinfo documentation system START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY @@ -32,30 +37,12 @@ File: info-stnd.info, Node: Top, Next: What is Info, Up: (dir) GNU Info ******** -This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.7, 23 March 2004), a program for -viewing documents in Info format (usually created from Texinfo source -files). - - Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, -2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this - document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software - Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) - below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled - "GNU Free Documentation License." - - (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." - - This documentation is different from the documentation for the Info -reader that is part of GNU Emacs. If you do not know how to use Info, -but have a working Info reader, you should read the Emacs documentation -first, as it includes more background information and a thorough -tutorial. +If you do not know how to use Info, but have a working Info reader, you +should read the Info manual before this one (*note Getting Started: +(info)Top.), as it includes more background information and a thorough +tutorial. This documentation describes the standalone Info reader that +is part of the Texinfo distribution, not the Info reader that is part +of GNU Emacs. * Menu: @@ -71,10 +58,8 @@ tutorial. * Miscellaneous Commands:: A few commands that defy categories. * Variables:: How to change the default behavior of Info. * Custom Key Bindings:: How to define your own key-to-command bindings. -* Copying This Manual:: The GNU Free Documentation License. -* Index:: Global index containing keystrokes, - command names, variable names, - and general concepts. +* Index:: Global index with keystrokes, command names, + variable names, and general concepts. File: info-stnd.info, Node: What is Info, Next: Invoking Info, Prev: Top, Up: Top @@ -82,13 +67,24 @@ File: info-stnd.info, Node: What is Info, Next: Invoking Info, Prev: Top, Up 1 What is Info? *************** -"Info" is a program which is used to view Info files on an ASCII -terminal. "Info files" are the result of processing Texinfo files with -the program `makeinfo' or with one of the Emacs commands, such as `M-x -texinfo-format-buffer'. Texinfo itself is a documentation system that -uses a single source file to produce both on-line information and -printed output. You can typeset and print the files that you read in -Info. +The "Info" program is a standalone program, part of the Texinfo +distribution, which is used to view Info files on an ASCII terminal. +"Info files" are typically the result of processing Texinfo files with +the program `makeinfo' (also in the Texinfo distribution) + + Texinfo itself is a documentation system that uses a single source +file to produce both on-line information and printed output. You can +typeset and print the files that you read in Info. + + GNU Emacs also provides an Info reader (just type `M-x info' in +Emacs). Emacs Info and standalone Info have nearly identical user +interfaces, although customization and other details are different +(this manual explains the standalone Info reader). The Emacs Info +reader supports the X Window System and other such bitmapped +interfaces, not just plain ASCII, so if you want the prettiest display +for Info files, you should try it. You can use Emacs Info without +using Emacs for anything else. (Type `C-x C-c' to exit; this also +works in the standalone Info reader.) File: info-stnd.info, Node: Invoking Info, Next: Cursor Commands, Prev: What is Info, Up: Top @@ -102,18 +98,19 @@ is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell: info [OPTION]... [MENU-ITEM...] - The program accepts the following options: + The program accepts the following options: `--apropos=STRING' +`-k STRING' Specify a string to search in every index of every Info file installed on your system. Info looks up the named STRING in all the indices it can find, prints the results to standard output, and then exits. If you are not sure which Info file explains - certain issues, this option is your friend. Note that if your - system has a lot of Info files installed, searching all of them - might take some time. + certain issues, this option is your friend. (If your system has a + lot of Info files installed, searching all of them might take some + time!) - You can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see *Note + You can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see *note Searching Commands::. `--directory DIRECTORY-PATH' @@ -178,7 +175,7 @@ is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell: online help, or as a quick way of starting to read an Info file at a certain node when you don't know the exact name of that node. - This command can also be invoked from inside Info; see *Note + This command can also be invoked from inside Info; see *note Searching Commands::. `--node NODENAME' @@ -269,28 +266,32 @@ is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell: first selects the menu item `Emacs' in the node `(dir)Top', and then selects the menu item `Buffers' in the node `(emacs)Top'. - To avoid searching the `dir' files and just show some arbitrary file, -use `-f' and the filename, as in `info -f ./foo.info'. + To avoid searching the `dir' files and just show some arbitrary +file, use `-f' and the filename, as in `info -f ./foo.info'. - The index search and the search for the node which describes program + The index search and the search for the node which describes program invocation and command-line options begins _after_ processing all the command-line menu items. Therefore, the Info file searched for the index or the invocation node is the file where Info finds itself after following all the menu items given on the command line. This is so `info emacs --show-options' does what you'd expect. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + Finally, Info defines many default key bindings and variables. +*Note Custom Key Bindings::, for information on how to customize these +settings. - (1) `.info', `-info', `/index', and `.inf'. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (2) The MS-DOS version allows for the Info extension, such as `.inf', -and the short compressed file extensions, such as `.z' and `.gz', to be -merged into a single extension, since DOS doesn't allow more than a -single dot in the basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks -for `bison', file names like `bison.igz' and `bison.inz' will be found -and decompressed by `gunzip'. + (1) `.info', `-info', `/index', and `.inf'. - (3) Of course, you can specify both the file and node in a `--node' + (2) The MS-DOS version allows for the Info extension, such as +`.inf', and the short compressed file extensions, such as `.z' and +`.gz', to be merged into a single extension, since DOS doesn't allow +more than a single dot in the basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if +Info looks for `bison', file names like `bison.igz' and `bison.inz' +will be found and decompressed by `gunzip'. + + (3) Of course, you can specify both the file and node in a `--node' command; but don't forget to escape the open and close parentheses and whitespace from the shell as in: `info --node "(emacs)Buffers"'. @@ -309,11 +310,11 @@ describe keystrokes is identical to the notation used within the Emacs manual, and the GNU Readline manual. *Note User Input: (emacs)User Input, if you are unfamiliar with the notation.(1) - The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info. + The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info. Each entry consists of the key sequence you should type to execute the cursor movement, the `M-x'(2) command name (displayed in parentheses), and a short description of what the command does. All of the cursor -motion commands can take a "numeric" argument (see *Note +motion commands can take a "numeric" argument (see *note `universal-argument': Miscellaneous Commands. With a numeric argument, the motion commands are simply executed that many times; for example, a numeric argument of 4 given to `next-line' causes the cursor to move @@ -370,14 +371,14 @@ cause the cursor to move _up_ 4 lines. in the center of the window. With a numeric argument of N, `M-r' moves the cursor to the start of the Nth line in the window. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) Here's a short summary. `C-X' means press the `CTRL' key and the -key X. `M-X' means press the `META' key and the key X. On many + (1) Here's a short summary. `C-X' means press the `CTRL' key and +the key X. `M-X' means press the `META' key and the key X. On many terminals th `META' key is known as the `ALT' key. `SPC' is the space bar. The other keys are usually called by the names imprinted on them. - (2) `M-x' is also a command; it invokes `execute-extended-command'. + (2) `M-x' is also a command; it invokes `execute-extended-command'. *Note Executing an extended command: (emacs)M-x, for more detailed information. @@ -392,9 +393,10 @@ current paragraph you are reading is visible on the screen. The commands detailed in this section are used to shift which part of the current node is visible on the screen. - Scrolling commands are bound differently when `--vi-keys' operation + Scrolling commands are bound differently when `--vi-keys' operation is in effect (*note --vi-keys::). These key bindings are designated -with "vi-like operation". +with "vi-like operation". *Note Custom Key Bindings::, for information +on arbitrarily customizing key bindings and variable settings. <SPC> (`scroll-forward') Shift the text in this window up. That is, show more of the node @@ -485,21 +487,20 @@ with "vi-like operation". the new default number of lines to scroll for subsequent `u' and `d' commands. - The `scroll-forward' and `scroll-backward' commands can also move + The `scroll-forward' and `scroll-backward' commands can also move forward and backward through the node structure of the file. If you press <SPC> while viewing the end of a node, or <DEL> while viewing the beginning of a node, what happens is controlled by the variable -`scroll-behavior'. *Note `scroll-behavior': Variables, for more -information. +`scroll-behavior' (*note scroll-behavior::). - The `scroll-forward-page-only' and `scroll-backward-page-only' + The `scroll-forward-page-only' and `scroll-backward-page-only' commands never scroll beyond the current node. - The <PREVIOUS> key is the <PageUp> key on many keyboards. Emacs + The <PREVIOUS> key is the <PageUp> key on many keyboards. Emacs refers to it by the name <PRIOR>. When you use <PRIOR> or <PageUp> to scroll, Info never scrolls beyond the beginning of the current node. - If your keyboard lacks the <DEL> key, look for a key called <BS>, or + If your keyboard lacks the <DEL> key, look for a key called <BS>, or `BackSpace', sometimes designated with an arrow which points to the left, which should perform the same function. @@ -532,12 +533,12 @@ File: info-stnd.info, Node: Node Commands, Next: Searching Commands, Prev: Sc This section details the numerous Info commands which select a new node to view in the current window. - The most basic node commands are `n', `p', `u', and `l'. Note that + The most basic node commands are `n', `p', `u', and `l'. Note that the commands to select nodes are mapped differently when `--vi-keys' is in effect; these keybindings are designated below as "vi-like operation". - When you are viewing a node, the top line of the node contains some + When you are viewing a node, the top line of the node contains some Info "pointers" which describe where the next, previous, and up nodes are. Info uses this line to move about the node structure of the file when you use the following commands: @@ -560,14 +561,14 @@ when you use the following commands: `C-x <u>', vi-like operation Select the `Up' node. - You can easily select a node that you have already viewed in this -window by using the `l' command - this name stands for "last", and + You can easily select a node that you have already viewed in this +window by using the `l' command--this name stands for "last", and actually moves backwards through the history of visited nodes for this window. This is handy when you followed a reference to another node, possibly to read about a related issue, and would like then to resume reading at the same place where you started the excursion. - Each node where you press `l' is discarded from the history. Thus, + Each node where you press `l' is discarded from the history. Thus, by the time you get to the first node you visited in a window, the entire history of that window is discarded. @@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ entire history of that window is discarded. Pop the most recently selected node in this window from the node history. - Two additional commands make it easy to select the most commonly + Two additional commands make it easy to select the most commonly selected nodes; they are `t' and `d'. <t> (`top-node') @@ -588,8 +589,8 @@ selected nodes; they are `t' and `d'. <M-d>, vi-like operation Select the directory node (i.e., the node `(dir)'). - Here are some other commands which immediately result in the selection -of a different node in the current window: + Here are some other commands which immediately result in the +selection of a different node in the current window: <<> (`first-node') <g>, vi-like operation @@ -618,9 +619,9 @@ of a different node in the current window: Otherwise, if the node has an `Up' pointer, that node is selected, and if it has a menu, the last item in the menu is selected. - You can get the same behavior as `global-next-node' and + You can get the same behavior as `global-next-node' and `global-prev-node' while simply scrolling through the file with <SPC> -and <DEL>; *Note `scroll-behavior': Variables, for more information. +and <DEL> (*note scroll-behavior::). <g> (`goto-node') `C-x <g>', vi-like operation @@ -666,7 +667,7 @@ and <DEL>; *Note `scroll-behavior': Variables, for more information. node, etc. In other words, you can specify a complete path which descends through the menu hierarchy of a particular Info file starting at the `(dir)' node. This has the same effect as if you - typed the menu item sequence on Info's command line, see *Note + typed the menu item sequence on Info's command line, see *note Info command-line arguments processing: command-line menu items. For example, @@ -716,8 +717,9 @@ areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic. <s> (`search') </> - Read a string in the echo area and search for it. If the string - includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched + Read a string in the echo area and search for it, either as a + regular expression (by default) or a literal string. If the + string includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a numeric argument of N, search for Nth occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search backwards. @@ -730,6 +732,12 @@ areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic. search for Nth occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search forward. +<R> (`toggle-regexp') + Toggle between using regular expressions and literal strings for + searching. Info uses so-called `extended' regular expression + syntax, similar to Emacs (*note Using Regular Expressions: + (emacs)Regexps.). + <S> (`search-case-sensitively' Read a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively, even if the string includes only lower-case letters. With a @@ -771,7 +779,7 @@ areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic. Grovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a string, and build a menu of the possible matches. - The most basic searching command is `s' or `/' (`search'). The `s' + The most basic searching command is `s' or `/' (`search'). The `s' command prompts you for a string in the echo area, and then searches the remainder of the Info file for an occurrence of that string. If the string is found, the node containing it is selected, and the cursor @@ -781,19 +789,19 @@ pressing <RET> instead of typing a new string will use the default search string. Under `--vi-keys' (*note --vi-keys::), using the `n' or `N' commands is a faster way of searching for the same string. - "Incremental searching" is similar to basic searching, but the string -is looked up while you are typing it, instead of waiting until the -entire search string has been specified. + "Incremental searching" is similar to basic searching, but the +string is looked up while you are typing it, instead of waiting until +the entire search string has been specified. - Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the case -of letters when comparing the Info file text with the search string. -However, an uppercase letter in the search string makes the search -case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental search, -even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by using the -`S' command (`search-case-sensitively'). The `n' and `N' commands -operate case-sensitively if the last search command was `S'. + Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the +case of letters when comparing the Info file text with the search +string. However, an uppercase letter in the search string makes the +search case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental +search, even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by +using the `S' command (`search-case-sensitively'). The `n' and `N' +commands operate case-sensitively if the last search command was `S'. - The most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is + The most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is the `i' command (`index-search'). This command prompts for a string, and then looks for that string in all the indices of the current Info manual. If it finds a matching index entry, it displays the node to @@ -802,10 +810,10 @@ echo area. You can press `,' (`next-index-match') to find more matches. A good Info manual has all of its important concepts indexed, so the `i' command lets you use a manual as a reference. - If you don't know what manual documents something, try the `M-x + If you don't know what manual documents something, try the `M-x index-apropos' command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on your -system. It can also be invoked from the command line; see *Note +system. It can also be invoked from the command line; see *note --apropos::. @@ -836,36 +844,36 @@ Cross references have two major parts: the first part is called the reference, and the second is the "target"; it is the full name of the node that the cross reference points to. - The target is separated from the label by a colon `:'; first the + The target is separated from the label by a colon `:'; first the label appears, and then the target. For example, in the sample menu cross reference below, the single colon separates the label from the target. * Foo Label: Foo Target. More information about Foo. - Note the `.' which ends the name of the target. The `.' is not part + Note the `.' which ends the name of the target. The `.' is not part of the target; it serves only to let Info know where the target name ends. - A shorthand way of specifying references allows two adjacent colons to -stand for a target name which is the same as the label name: + A shorthand way of specifying references allows two adjacent colons +to stand for a target name which is the same as the label name: * Foo Commands:: Commands pertaining to Foo. - In the above example, the name of the target is the same as the name + In the above example, the name of the target is the same as the name of the label, in this case `Foo Commands'. - You will normally see two types of cross reference while viewing + You will normally see two types of cross reference while viewing nodes: "menu" references, and "note" references. Menu references appear within a node's menu; they begin with a `*' at the beginning of a line, and continue with a label, a target, and a comment which describes what the contents of the node pointed to contains. - Note references appear within the body of the node text; they begin + Note references appear within the body of the node text; they begin with `*Note', and continue with a label and a target. - Like `Next', `Prev', and `Up' pointers, cross references can point to -any valid node. They are used to refer you to a place where more + Like `Next', `Prev', and `Up' pointers, cross references can point +to any valid node. They are used to refer you to a place where more detailed information can be found on a particular subject. Here is a cross reference which points to a node within the Texinfo documentation: *Note Writing an Xref: (texinfo)xref, for more @@ -903,7 +911,7 @@ The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items. `M-x find-menu' Move the cursor to the start of this node's menu. - This table lists the Info commands which operate on cross references. + This table lists the Info commands which operate on cross references. <f> (`xref-item') <r> @@ -914,7 +922,7 @@ The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items. selects its node. Completion is available while reading the cross reference label. *Note completion: The Echo Area. - Finally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references + Finally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references alike: <TAB> (`move-to-next-xref') @@ -945,7 +953,7 @@ A "window" is a place to show the text of a node. Windows have a view area where the text of the node is displayed, and an associated "mode line", which briefly describes the node being viewed. - GNU Info supports multiple windows appearing in a single screen; each + GNU Info supports multiple windows appearing in a single screen; each window is separated from the next by its modeline. At any time, there is only one "active" window, that is, the window in which the cursor appears. There are commands available for creating windows, changing @@ -973,31 +981,31 @@ also tell you if the indirect tags table for this Info file needs to be updated, and whether or not the Info file was compressed when stored on disk. - Here is a sample mode line for a window containing an uncompressed + Here is a sample mode line for a window containing an uncompressed file named `dir', showing the node `Top'. -----Info: (dir)Top, 40 lines --Top------------------------------------- ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ (file)Node #lines where - When a node comes from a file which is compressed on disk, this is + When a node comes from a file which is compressed on disk, this is indicated in the mode line with two small `z''s. In addition, if the Info file containing the node has been split into subfiles, the name of the subfile containing the node appears in the modeline as well: --zz-Info: (emacs)Top, 291 lines --Top-- Subfile: emacs-1.Z------------- - Truncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next + Truncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next display line, *note toggle-wrap: Scrolling Commands.) is indicated by a `$' at the left edge of the mode line: --$--Info: (texinfo)Top, 480 lines --Top-- Subfile: texinfo-1----------- - When Info makes a node internally, such that there is no corresponding -info file on disk, the name of the node is surrounded by asterisks -(`*'). The name itself tells you what the contents of the window are; -the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed node showing -possible completions: + When Info makes a node internally, such that there is no +corresponding info file on disk, the name of the node is surrounded by +asterisks (`*'). The name itself tells you what the contents of the +window are; the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed +node showing possible completions: -----Info: *Completions*, 7 lines --All--------------------------------- @@ -1031,8 +1039,8 @@ window (*note `history-node': Node Commands.). node. Each window is one half the size of the original window, and the cursor remains in the original window. The variable `automatic-tiling' can cause all of the windows on the screen to - be resized for you automatically, please *note automatic-tiling: - Variables. for more information. + be resized for you automatically (*note automatic-tiling: + Variables.). `C-x <0>' (`delete-window') Delete the current window from the screen. If you have made too @@ -1147,8 +1155,8 @@ PRINTING CHARACTER (`echo-area-insert') <C-t> (`echo-area-transpose-chars') Transpose the characters at the cursor. - The next group of commands deal with "killing", and "yanking" -text(1). For an in-depth discussion of killing and yanking, see *Note + The next group of commands deal with "killing", and "yanking" +text(1). For an in-depth discussion of killing and yanking, see *note Killing and Deleting: (emacs)Killing. <M-d> (`echo-area-kill-word') @@ -1174,16 +1182,17 @@ Killing and Deleting: (emacs)Killing. <M-y> (`echo-area-yank-pop') Yank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first. - Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that needed -input will only accept one of a list of several choices. The choices -represent the "possible completions", and you must respond with one of -them. Since there are a limited number of responses you can make, Info -allows you to abbreviate what you type, only typing as much of the -response as is necessary to uniquely identify it. In addition, you can -request Info to fill in as much of the response as is possible; this is -called "completion". + Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that +needed input will only accept one of a list of several choices. The +choices represent the "possible completions", and you must respond with +one of them. Since there are a limited number of responses you can +make, Info allows you to abbreviate what you type, only typing as much +of the response as is necessary to uniquely identify it. In addition, +you can request Info to fill in as much of the response as is possible; +this is called "completion". - The following commands are available when completing in the echo area: + The following commands are available when completing in the echo +area: <TAB> (`echo-area-complete') <SPC> @@ -1217,9 +1226,9 @@ called "completion". Scroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the "other" window if not. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) Some people are used to calling these operations "cut" and + (1) Some people are used to calling these operations "cut" and "paste", respectively. @@ -1286,7 +1295,7 @@ h, vi-like operation course, the file must first be processed with `makeinfo', and then placed into the location of your Info directory. - Here are the commands for creating a numeric argument: + Here are the commands for creating a numeric argument: <C-u> (`universal-argument') Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. `C-u' is a @@ -1324,16 +1333,16 @@ h, vi-like operation to be able to insert the `-' character itself; use `M--' instead, if you need to specify negative arguments in the echo area. - `C-g' is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key sequence, -to cancel lengthy operations (such as multi-file searches) and to -cancel reading input in the echo area. + `C-g' is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key +sequence, to cancel lengthy operations (such as multi-file searches) and +to cancel reading input in the echo area. <C-g> (`abort-key') <C-u>, vi-like operation Cancel current operation. - The `q' command of Info simply quits running Info. Under `--vi-keys' -(*note --vi-keys::), you can also exit with `:q' or `ZZ'. + The `q' command of Info simply quits running Info. Under +`--vi-keys' (*note --vi-keys::), you can also exit with `:q' or `ZZ'. <q> (`quit') `C-x C-c' @@ -1341,7 +1350,7 @@ cancel reading input in the echo area. `ZZ', vi-like operation Exit GNU Info. - If the operating system tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines + If the operating system tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines tall, and it is actually only 40 lines tall, here is a way to tell Info that the operating system is correct. @@ -1349,10 +1358,10 @@ that the operating system is correct. Read a height value in the echo area and set the height of the displayed screen to that value. - On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, this command actually tries to change the + On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, this command actually tries to change the dimensions of the visible screen to the value you type in the echo area. - Finally, Info provides a convenient way to display footnotes which + Finally, Info provides a convenient way to display footnotes which might be associated with the current node that you are viewing: <ESC C-f> (`show-footnotes') @@ -1373,7 +1382,7 @@ various Info commands. You can change the values of these variables, and thus change the behavior of Info to more closely match your environment and Info file reading manner. - There are two ways to set the value of a variable: interactively, + There are two ways to set the value of a variable: interactively, using the `set-variable' command described below, or in the `#var' section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. @@ -1390,7 +1399,7 @@ section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief description of what the variable affects. - Here is a list of the variables that you can set in Info. + Here is a list of the variables that you can set in Info. `automatic-footnotes' When set to `On', footnotes appear and disappear automatically; @@ -1416,6 +1425,13 @@ section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. _not_ resized through automatic tiling; they remain their original size. +`cursor-movement-scrolls' + Normally, cursor movement commands (*note Cursor Commands::) stop + when top or bottom of a node is reached. When this variable is + set to `On', cursor movement commands act as scrolling ones and + their behavior is controlled by the `scroll-behavior' variable + (see below). + `errors-ring-bell' When set to `On', errors cause the bell to ring. The default setting of this variable is `On'. @@ -1443,6 +1459,7 @@ section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. characters to Info, as well as display them. `scroll-behavior' +`scroll-behaviour' Control what happens when forward scrolling is requested at the end of a node, or when backward scrolling is requested at the beginning of a node. The default value for this variable is @@ -1454,6 +1471,30 @@ section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. `Up'. This behavior is identical to using the `]' (`global-next-node') and `[' (`global-prev-node') commands. + `scroll-last-node' + Control what happens when a scrolling command is issued at + the end of the last node. Possible values are: + + `Stop' + Do not scroll. Display the `No more nodes within this + document.' message. This is the default. + + `Scroll' + Scroll as usual. Since the last node is usually an + index, this means that the very first node from the menu + will be selected. + + `Top' + Go to the top node of this document. + + This variable is in effect only if `scroll-behaviour' is set + to `Continuous'. + + Notice that the default behavior has changed in version 4.12. + Previous versions behaved as if `scroll-last-node=Scroll' was + set. This behavior was counter-intuitive, therefore since + version 4.12 the default is to stop at the last node. + `Next Only' Only try to get the `Next' node. @@ -1462,6 +1503,13 @@ section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. `Page Only', no scrolling command can change the node that is being viewed. + This variable normally affects only scrolling commands. *Note + cursor-movement-scrolls::, for information on how to widen its + scope. + + The two names, `scroll-behavior' and `scroll-behaviour', are a + historical accident. They are merely synonyms. + `scroll-step' The number of lines to scroll when the cursor moves out of the window. Scrolling happens automatically if the cursor has moved @@ -1495,23 +1543,22 @@ section of the `.infokey' file. *Note Custom Key Bindings::. -File: info-stnd.info, Node: Custom Key Bindings, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Variables, Up: Top +File: info-stnd.info, Node: Custom Key Bindings, Next: Index, Prev: Variables, Up: Top 12 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables ***************************************** -For those whose editor/pager of choice is not Emacs and who are not -entirely satisfied with the -vi-keys option (*note --vi-keys::), GNU -Info provides a way to define different key-to-command bindings and -variable settings from the defaults described in this document. +GNU Info provides a way to define arbitrary key-to-command bindings and +variable settings, overriding the defaults described in this document. +(The `--vi-keys' option rebinds many keys at once; *note --vi-keys::.) - On startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker's + On startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker's HOME directory called `.info'(1). If it is present, and appears to contain Info configuration data, and was created with the current version of the `infokey' command, then Info adopts the key bindings and variable settings contained therein. - The `.info' file contains compact, non-textual data for reasons of + The `.info' file contains compact, non-textual data for reasons of efficiency and because its design was lifted wholesale from the GNU Less program, which also does it that way. It must be created by compiling a textual source file using the `infokey' command. @@ -1521,9 +1568,9 @@ textual source file using the `infokey' command. * Invoking infokey:: * infokey source format:: - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) Due to the limitations of DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of + (1) Due to the limitations of DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of Info looks for a file `_info' instead. If the `HOME' variable is not defined, Info additionally looks in the current directory. @@ -1540,13 +1587,13 @@ default key bindings and variable definitions. Synopsis: infokey [OPTION...] [INPUT-FILE] - Besides the standard `--help' and `--version', the only option is + Besides the standard `--help' and `--version', the only option is `--output FILE'. This tells `infokey' to write the binary data to FILE instead of `$HOME/.info'. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) This file is named `_infokey' in the MS-DOS version, and is + (1) This file is named `_infokey' in the MS-DOS version, and is looked for in the current directory if `HOME' is undefined. @@ -1586,7 +1633,7 @@ source file suitable for aficionados of `vi' or `less': #var scroll-step=1 - The source file consists of one or more "sections". Each section + The source file consists of one or more "sections". Each section starts with a line that identifies the type of section. Possible sections are: @@ -1670,10 +1717,10 @@ sections are: variable name and the `=', and all characters following the `=', including white space, are included in the value. - Blank lines and lines starting with `#' are ignored, except for the + Blank lines and lines starting with `#' are ignored, except for the special section header lines. - Key bindings defined in the `.info' file take precedence over GNU + Key bindings defined in the `.info' file take precedence over GNU Info's default key bindings, whether or not `--vi-keys' is used. A default key binding may be disabled by overriding it in the `.info' file with the action `invalid'. In addition, _all_ default key @@ -1682,475 +1729,33 @@ section: #stop - This will cause GNU Info to ignore all the default key commands for + This will cause GNU Info to ignore all the default key commands for that section. - Beware: `#stop' can be dangerous. Since it disables all default key + Beware: `#stop' can be dangerous. Since it disables all default key bindings, you must supply enough new key bindings to enable all necessary actions. Failure to bind any key to the `quit' command, for example, can lead to frustration. - The order in which key bindings are defined in the `.info' file is + The order in which key bindings are defined in the `.info' file is not important, except that the command summary produced by the `get-help-window' command only displays the _first_ key that is bound to each command. -File: info-stnd.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Index, Prev: Custom Key Bindings, Up: Top - -Appendix A Copying This Manual -****************************** - -* Menu: - -* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. +File: info-stnd.info, Node: Index, Prev: Custom Key Bindings, Up: Top - -File: info-stnd.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual - -A.1 GNU Free Documentation License -================================== - - Version 1.2, November 2002 - - Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. - - 0. 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FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE - - The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of - the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new - versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may - differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See - `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'. - - Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version - number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered - version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you - have the option of following the terms and conditions either of - that specified version or of any later version that has been - published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU - Free Documentation License''. - - If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover -Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: - - with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with - the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts - being LIST. - - If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other -combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the -situation. - - If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of -free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to -permit their use in free software. - - -File: info-stnd.info, Node: Index, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top - -Appendix B Index +Appendix A Index **************** * Menu: * ', vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 51) -* ,: Searching Commands. (line 60) +* ,: Searching Commands. (line 67) * -: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 68) -* --subnodes, command line option: Invoking Info. (line 145) +* --subnodes, command line option: Invoking Info. (line 146) * .info: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) * .infokey: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) * .infokey source format: infokey source format. @@ -2164,8 +1769,8 @@ Appendix B Index * >: Node Commands. (line 77) * ?, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 28) -* ?, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 131) -* ?, vi-like operation: Searching Commands. (line 19) +* ?, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 132) +* ?, vi-like operation: Searching Commands. (line 20) * [: Node Commands. (line 90) * ]: Node Commands. (line 83) * _info file (MS-DOS): Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) @@ -2174,15 +1779,15 @@ Appendix B Index (line 83) * add-digit-to-numeric-arg: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 55) -* ANSI escape sequences in documents: Invoking Info. (line 107) -* Apropos, in Info files: Invoking Info. (line 15) +* ANSI escape sequences in documents: Invoking Info. (line 108) +* Apropos, in Info files: Invoking Info. (line 16) * arguments, command line: Invoking Info. (line 6) * arguments, negative: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 68) * automatic-footnotes: Variables. (line 31) * automatic-tiling: Variables. (line 44) * b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 63) -* b, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 62) +* b, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 63) * BackTab, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 57) * BackTab, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 82) * backward-char: Cursor Commands. (line 49) @@ -2194,17 +1799,17 @@ Appendix B Index * C-a, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 27) * C-b, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 49) * C-b, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 23) -* C-b, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 62) +* C-b, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 63) * C-CENTER: Node Commands. (line 51) * C-d, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 48) -* C-d, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 92) +* C-d, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 93) * C-e, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 41) * C-e, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 31) -* C-e, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 78) +* C-e, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 79) * C-End: Cursor Commands. (line 68) * C-f, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 45) * C-f, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 18) -* C-f, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 37) +* C-f, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 38) * C-g, in Info windows: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 83) * C-g, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 59) @@ -2212,32 +1817,32 @@ Appendix B Index (line 28) * C-Home: Cursor Commands. (line 63) * C-k, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 104) -* C-k, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) +* C-k, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) * C-l: Scrolling Commands. (line 123) * C-LEFT: Cursor Commands. (line 57) * C-LEFT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 44) * C-n: Cursor Commands. (line 29) -* C-n, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 78) +* C-n, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 79) * C-NEXT: Node Commands. (line 22) * C-p: Cursor Commands. (line 33) -* C-p, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) +* C-p, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) * C-PgDn: Node Commands. (line 24) * C-PgUp: Node Commands. (line 30) * C-PREVIOUS: Node Commands. (line 28) * C-q, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 69) -* C-r: Searching Commands. (line 51) +* C-r: Searching Commands. (line 58) * C-RIGHT: Cursor Commands. (line 53) * C-RIGHT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 38) -* C-s: Searching Commands. (line 46) +* C-s: Searching Commands. (line 53) * C-t, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 86) * C-u: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 42) * C-u cancels typeahead, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 83) * C-u, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 59) -* C-u, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 99) +* C-u, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 100) * C-UP: Node Commands. (line 35) -* C-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 37) +* C-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 38) * C-v, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 69) * C-w: Scrolling Commands. (line 130) * C-x 0: Basic Windows. (line 34) @@ -2252,34 +1857,34 @@ Appendix B Index * C-x DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 107) * C-x g, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 101) * C-x k: Node Commands. (line 158) -* C-x N: Searching Commands. (line 40) -* C-x n: Searching Commands. (line 34) +* C-x N: Searching Commands. (line 47) +* C-x n: Searching Commands. (line 41) * C-x n, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 22) * C-x o: Basic Windows. (line 12) * C-x r, vi-like operation: Selecting Xrefs. (line 39) * C-x t: Basic Windows. (line 52) * C-x u, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 35) * C-y, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 110) -* C-y, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) +* C-y, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) * cancelling the current operation: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 83) * cancelling typeahead: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 83) -* case-sensitive search: Searching Commands. (line 27) -* case-sensitivity, and search: Searching Commands. (line 81) -* colors in documents: Invoking Info. (line 107) +* case-sensitive search: Searching Commands. (line 34) +* case-sensitivity, and search: Searching Commands. (line 88) +* colors in documents: Invoking Info. (line 108) * command line options: Invoking Info. (line 6) -* command-line options, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 124) +* command-line options, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 125) * commands, describing: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 9) * completion: The Echo Area. (line 115) -* compressed Info files: Invoking Info. (line 62) +* compressed Info files: Invoking Info. (line 63) * cursor, moving: Cursor Commands. (line 6) * customizing key bindings: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) * d: Node Commands. (line 63) -* d, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 92) +* d, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 93) * default key bindings, overriding: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) -* DEL, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 49) +* DEL, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 50) * DEL, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 51) * delete-window: Basic Windows. (line 34) * describe-command: Miscellaneous Commands. @@ -2288,10 +1893,10 @@ Appendix B Index (line 13) * describe-variable: Variables. (line 25) * dir-node: Node Commands. (line 63) -* directory path: Invoking Info. (line 26) +* directory path: Invoking Info. (line 27) * DOWN (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 29) -* DOWN, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 78) -* down-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 78) +* DOWN, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 79) +* down-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 79) * e, in Info windows: Cursor Commands. (line 68) * echo area: The Echo Area. (line 6) * echo-area-abort: The Echo Area. (line 59) @@ -2300,7 +1905,7 @@ Appendix B Index * echo-area-backward-kill-word: The Echo Area. (line 98) * echo-area-backward-word: The Echo Area. (line 42) * echo-area-beg-of-line: The Echo Area. (line 27) -* echo-area-complete: The Echo Area. (line 128) +* echo-area-complete: The Echo Area. (line 129) * echo-area-delete: The Echo Area. (line 48) * echo-area-end-of-line: The Echo Area. (line 31) * echo-area-forward: The Echo Area. (line 18) @@ -2309,10 +1914,10 @@ Appendix B Index * echo-area-kill-line: The Echo Area. (line 104) * echo-area-kill-word: The Echo Area. (line 94) * echo-area-newline: The Echo Area. (line 65) -* echo-area-possible-completions: The Echo Area. (line 131) +* echo-area-possible-completions: The Echo Area. (line 132) * echo-area-quoted-insert: The Echo Area. (line 69) * echo-area-rubout: The Echo Area. (line 51) -* echo-area-scroll-completions-window: The Echo Area. (line 155) +* echo-area-scroll-completions-window: The Echo Area. (line 156) * echo-area-tab-insert: The Echo Area. (line 80) * echo-area-transpose-chars: The Echo Area. (line 86) * echo-area-yank: The Echo Area. (line 110) @@ -2320,20 +1925,18 @@ Appendix B Index * End: Cursor Commands. (line 41) * end-of-line: Cursor Commands. (line 41) * end-of-node: Cursor Commands. (line 68) -* errors-ring-bell: Variables. (line 55) +* errors-ring-bell: Variables. (line 62) * ESC C-f: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 109) * ESC C-v, in Info windows: Basic Windows. (line 42) -* ESC C-v, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 155) +* ESC C-v, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 156) * f: Selecting Xrefs. (line 39) -* f, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 37) +* f, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 38) * F1: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 28) -* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. - (line 6) -* file names, relative: Invoking Info. (line 53) -* file, outputting to: Invoking Info. (line 102) -* files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 62) +* file names, relative: Invoking Info. (line 54) +* file, outputting to: Invoking Info. (line 103) +* files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 63) * find-menu: Selecting Xrefs. (line 30) * finding the Invocation node: Node Commands. (line 115) * first-node: Node Commands. (line 70) @@ -2345,11 +1948,11 @@ Appendix B Index * forward-word: Cursor Commands. (line 53) * functions, describing: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 9) -* g: Node Commands. (line 101) * G: Node Commands. (line 133) +* g: Node Commands. (line 101) * G, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 77) * g, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 70) -* gc-compressed-files: Variables. (line 59) +* gc-compressed-files: Variables. (line 66) * get-help-window: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 28) * get-info-help-node: Miscellaneous Commands. @@ -2365,46 +1968,46 @@ Appendix B Index (line 28) * history-node: Node Commands. (line 51) * Home: Cursor Commands. (line 37) -* i: Searching Commands. (line 56) +* i: Searching Commands. (line 63) * I: Node Commands. (line 115) -* incremental search: Searching Commands. (line 46) +* incremental search: Searching Commands. (line 53) * index search, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info. - (line 78) -* index, searching: Searching Commands. (line 56) -* index-apropos: Searching Commands. (line 64) -* index-search: Searching Commands. (line 56) -* Info file, selecting: Invoking Info. (line 49) -* Info files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 62) -* Info files, relative: Invoking Info. (line 53) -* Info files, searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 15) -* Info manual location: Invoking Info. (line 160) + (line 79) +* index, searching: Searching Commands. (line 63) +* index-apropos: Searching Commands. (line 71) +* index-search: Searching Commands. (line 63) +* Info file, selecting: Invoking Info. (line 50) +* Info files, compressed: Invoking Info. (line 63) +* Info files, relative: Invoking Info. (line 54) +* Info files, searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 16) +* Info manual location: Invoking Info. (line 161) * Info, invoking: Invoking Info. (line 6) * INFO_PRINT_COMMAND, environment variable: Printing Nodes. (line 13) * infokey: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) * infokey source format: infokey source format. (line 6) * infokey, invoking: Invoking infokey. (line 6) -* invocation description, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 124) +* invocation description, how to find: Invoking Info. (line 125) * invoking Info: Invoking Info. (line 6) * invoking infokey: Invoking infokey. (line 6) -* isearch-backward: Searching Commands. (line 51) -* isearch-forward: Searching Commands. (line 46) -* ISO Latin characters: Variables. (line 74) -* ISO-Latin: Variables. (line 74) -* k, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) +* isearch-backward: Searching Commands. (line 58) +* isearch-forward: Searching Commands. (line 53) +* ISO Latin characters: Variables. (line 81) +* ISO-Latin: Variables. (line 81) +* k, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) * keep-one-window: Basic Windows. (line 39) * key bindings, customizing: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) * keys, describing: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 13) -* keystrokes, recording: Invoking Info. (line 42) +* keystrokes, recording: Invoking Info. (line 43) * kill-node: Node Commands. (line 158) * l: Node Commands. (line 51) * last-menu-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 22) * last-node: Node Commands. (line 77) * LEFT (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 49) * LEFT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 23) -* Less-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 154) -* LFD, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 78) +* Less-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 155) +* LFD, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 79) * list-visited-nodes: Node Commands. (line 172) * local printer device: Printing Nodes. (line 18) * m: Selecting Xrefs. (line 25) @@ -2434,16 +2037,16 @@ Appendix B Index (line 34) * M-l, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 23) * M-r: Cursor Commands. (line 71) -* M-SPC, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 37) +* M-SPC, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 38) * M-t, vi-like operation: Node Commands. (line 59) * M-TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 54) * M-TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 80) -* M-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 62) +* M-v: Scrolling Commands. (line 63) * M-w, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 36) -* M-x, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 48) * M-X, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 94) +* M-x, in the echo area, vi-like operation: The Echo Area. (line 48) * M-y, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 113) -* menu, following: Invoking Info. (line 167) +* menu, following: Invoking Info. (line 168) * menu, following, from inside Info: Node Commands. (line 133) * menu-digit: Selecting Xrefs. (line 12) * menu-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 25) @@ -2453,32 +2056,32 @@ Appendix B Index * move-to-window-line: Cursor Commands. (line 71) * moving the cursor: Cursor Commands. (line 6) * n: Node Commands. (line 22) -* n, vi-like operation: Searching Commands. (line 34) +* n, vi-like operation: Searching Commands. (line 41) * negative arguments: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 68) -* NEXT: Scrolling Commands. (line 37) -* next-index-match: Searching Commands. (line 60) +* NEXT: Scrolling Commands. (line 38) +* next-index-match: Searching Commands. (line 67) * next-line: Cursor Commands. (line 29) * next-node: Node Commands. (line 22) * next-window: Basic Windows. (line 12) -* node, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info. (line 93) +* node, selecting from the command line: Invoking Info. (line 94) * nodes, selection of: Node Commands. (line 6) * numeric arguments: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 42) * numeric arguments, negative: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 68) * O: Node Commands. (line 115) -* online help, using Info as: Invoking Info. (line 78) +* online help, using Info as: Invoking Info. (line 79) * options, command line: Invoking Info. (line 6) -* outputting to a file: Invoking Info. (line 102) +* outputting to a file: Invoking Info. (line 103) * overriding default key bindings: Custom Key Bindings. (line 6) * p: Node Commands. (line 28) -* PageDown: Scrolling Commands. (line 41) +* PageDown: Scrolling Commands. (line 42) * PageUp: Scrolling Commands. (line 114) * prev-line: Cursor Commands. (line 33) * prev-node: Node Commands. (line 28) * prev-window: Basic Windows. (line 22) -* PREVIOUS: Scrolling Commands. (line 62) +* PREVIOUS: Scrolling Commands. (line 63) * print-node: Printing Nodes. (line 13) * printing: Printing Nodes. (line 6) * printing characters, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 74) @@ -2490,43 +2093,47 @@ Appendix B Index * quitting: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 92) * r: Selecting Xrefs. (line 39) +* R: Searching Commands. (line 28) * redraw-display: Scrolling Commands. (line 123) -* relative Info file names: Invoking Info. (line 53) -* remembering user keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 42) -* repeated search: Searching Commands. (line 34) -* replaying recorded keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 118) +* regular expression search: Searching Commands. (line 12) +* relative Info file names: Invoking Info. (line 54) +* remembering user keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 43) +* repeated search: Searching Commands. (line 41) +* replaying recorded keystrokes: Invoking Info. (line 119) * RET, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 62) * RET, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 65) -* RET, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 78) +* RET, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 79) * RIGHT (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 45) * RIGHT, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 18) -* S: Searching Commands. (line 27) +* S: Searching Commands. (line 34) * s: Searching Commands. (line 12) * screen, changing the height of: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 99) -* scroll-backward: Scrolling Commands. (line 49) -* scroll-backward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 62) -* scroll-backward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 69) -* scroll-behavior: Variables. (line 81) -* scroll-forward: Scrolling Commands. (line 16) -* scroll-forward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 37) -* scroll-forward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 44) -* scroll-half-screen-down: Scrolling Commands. (line 92) -* scroll-half-screen-up: Scrolling Commands. (line 99) +* scroll-backward: Scrolling Commands. (line 50) +* scroll-backward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 63) +* scroll-backward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 70) +* scroll-behavior: Variables. (line 89) +* scroll-behaviour: Variables. (line 89) +* scroll-forward: Scrolling Commands. (line 17) +* scroll-forward-page-only: Scrolling Commands. (line 38) +* scroll-forward-page-only-set-window: Scrolling Commands. (line 45) +* scroll-half-screen-down: Scrolling Commands. (line 93) +* scroll-half-screen-up: Scrolling Commands. (line 100) +* scroll-last-node: Variables. (line 101) * scroll-other-window: Basic Windows. (line 42) -* scroll-step: Variables. (line 101) +* scroll-step: Variables. (line 140) * scrolling: Scrolling Commands. (line 6) -* scrolling through node structure: Scrolling Commands. (line 104) +* scrolling through node structure: Scrolling Commands. (line 105) * search: Searching Commands. (line 12) -* search, and case-sensitivity: Searching Commands. (line 81) -* search, case-sensitive: Searching Commands. (line 27) -* search-backward: Searching Commands. (line 19) -* search-case-sensitively: Searching Commands. (line 27) -* search-next: Searching Commands. (line 34) -* search-previous: Searching Commands. (line 40) +* search, and case-sensitivity: Searching Commands. (line 88) +* search, case-sensitive: Searching Commands. (line 34) +* search-backward: Searching Commands. (line 20) +* search-case-sensitively: Searching Commands. (line 34) +* search-next: Searching Commands. (line 41) +* search-previous: Searching Commands. (line 47) * searching: Searching Commands. (line 6) -* Searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 15) -* searching, in the indices: Searching Commands. (line 56) +* Searching all indices: Invoking Info. (line 16) +* searching, in the indices: Searching Commands. (line 63) * select-reference-this-line: Selecting Xrefs. (line 62) * select-visited-node: Node Commands. (line 177) * set-screen-height: Miscellaneous Commands. @@ -2536,34 +2143,35 @@ Appendix B Index * Shift-TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 80) * show-footnotes: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 109) -* show-index-match: Variables. (line 115) -* SPC, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 16) -* SPC, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 128) -* speech synthesizers: Invoking Info. (line 135) +* show-index-match: Variables. (line 154) +* SPC, in Info windows: Scrolling Commands. (line 17) +* SPC, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 129) +* speech synthesizers: Invoking Info. (line 136) * split-window: Basic Windows. (line 26) * t: Node Commands. (line 59) * TAB, in Info windows: Selecting Xrefs. (line 47) -* TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 128) +* TAB, in the echo area: The Echo Area. (line 129) * tile-windows: Basic Windows. (line 52) * tiling: Basic Windows. (line 52) +* toggle-regexp: Searching Commands. (line 28) * toggle-wrap: Scrolling Commands. (line 130) * top-node: Node Commands. (line 59) * u: Node Commands. (line 35) -* u, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 99) +* u, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 100) * universal-argument: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 42) * UP (an arrow key): Cursor Commands. (line 33) -* UP, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) -* up-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) +* UP, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) +* up-line: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) * up-node: Node Commands. (line 35) * variables, describing: Variables. (line 25) * variables, setting: Variables. (line 16) -* version information: Invoking Info. (line 152) -* vi-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 154) +* version information: Invoking Info. (line 153) +* vi-like key bindings: Invoking Info. (line 155) * view-file: Node Commands. (line 166) -* visible-bell: Variables. (line 124) -* w, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 69) -* Where is an Info manual?: Invoking Info. (line 160) +* visible-bell: Variables. (line 163) +* w, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 70) +* Where is an Info manual?: Invoking Info. (line 161) * where-is: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 21) * windows, creating: Basic Windows. (line 26) @@ -2571,50 +2179,50 @@ Appendix B Index * windows, manipulating: Window Commands. (line 6) * windows, selecting: Basic Windows. (line 12) * xref-item: Selecting Xrefs. (line 39) -* y, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 87) -* z, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 44) +* y, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 88) +* z, vi-like operation: Scrolling Commands. (line 45) * ZZ, vi-like operation: Miscellaneous Commands. (line 92) Tag Table: -Node: Top1237 -Node: What is Info3658 -Node: Invoking Info4202 -Ref: --apropos4625 -Ref: --show-options9978 -Ref: --vi-keys11290 -Ref: command-line menu items11719 -Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-112826 -Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-212873 -Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-313257 -Node: Cursor Commands13464 -Ref: Cursor Commands-Footnote-116236 -Ref: Cursor Commands-Footnote-216517 -Node: Scrolling Commands16668 -Node: Node Commands23034 -Ref: goto-node26801 -Ref: goto-invocation27376 -Node: Searching Commands30701 -Node: Xref Commands35605 -Node: Parts of an Xref36224 -Node: Selecting Xrefs38191 -Node: Window Commands40375 -Node: The Mode Line41316 -Node: Basic Windows43222 -Node: The Echo Area45745 -Ref: The Echo Area-Footnote-151204 -Node: Printing Nodes51293 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands52448 -Node: Variables56705 -Node: Custom Key Bindings63177 -Ref: Custom Key Bindings-Footnote-164312 -Node: Invoking infokey64513 -Ref: Invoking infokey-Footnote-165172 -Node: infokey source format65299 -Node: Copying This Manual69722 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License69968 -Node: Index92377 +Node: Top1549 +Node: What is Info3022 +Node: Invoking Info4172 +Ref: --apropos4596 +Ref: --show-options9953 +Ref: --vi-keys11265 +Ref: command-line menu items11694 +Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-112952 +Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-213000 +Ref: Invoking Info-Footnote-313385 +Node: Cursor Commands13593 +Ref: Cursor Commands-Footnote-116367 +Ref: Cursor Commands-Footnote-216649 +Node: Scrolling Commands16801 +Node: Node Commands23248 +Ref: goto-node26989 +Ref: goto-invocation27564 +Node: Searching Commands30889 +Node: Xref Commands36116 +Node: Parts of an Xref36735 +Node: Selecting Xrefs38709 +Node: Window Commands40895 +Node: The Mode Line41837 +Node: Basic Windows43747 +Node: The Echo Area46243 +Ref: The Echo Area-Footnote-151706 +Node: Printing Nodes51796 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands52951 +Node: Variables57214 +Ref: cursor-movement-scrolls59804 +Ref: scroll-behavior61482 +Node: Custom Key Bindings65226 +Ref: Custom Key Bindings-Footnote-166295 +Node: Invoking infokey66497 +Ref: Invoking infokey-Footnote-167158 +Node: infokey source format67286 +Node: Index71715 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/info.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/info.info index 2c483e6e47c..cd23db5383a 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/info.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/info.info @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -This is info.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from info.texi. +This is info.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from info.texi. - This file describes how to use Info, the on-line, menu-driven GNU +This file describes how to use Info, the on-line, menu-driven GNU documentation system. - Copyright (C) 1989, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, -2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1989, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, +2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License" in the Emacs manual. (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." + modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Buying copies from GNU + Press supports the FSF in developing GNU and promoting software + freedom." This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free Documentation License. If you want to distribute this @@ -39,44 +40,48 @@ The GNU Project distributes most of its on-line manuals in the "Info format", which you read using an "Info reader". You are probably using an Info reader to read this now. - If you are new to the Info reader and want to learn how to use it, + There are two primary Info readers: `info', a stand-alone program +designed just to read Info files, and the `info' package in GNU Emacs, +a general-purpose editor. At present, only the Emacs reader supports +using a mouse. + + If you are new to the Info reader and want to learn how to use it, type the command `h' now. It brings you to a programmed instruction sequence. - To read about expert-level Info commands, type `n' twice. This -brings you to `Info for Experts', skipping over the `Getting Started' + To read about advanced Info commands, type `n' twice. This brings +you to `Advanced Info Commands', skipping over the `Getting Started' chapter. * Menu: * Getting Started:: Getting started using an Info reader. +* Advanced:: Advanced Info commands. * Expert Info:: Info commands for experts. -* Creating an Info File:: How to make your own Info file. * Index:: An index of topics, commands, and variables. -File: info.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: Expert Info, Prev: Top, Up: Top +File: info.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: Advanced, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Getting Started ***************** -This first part of the Info manual describes how to get around inside +This first part of this Info manual describes how to get around inside of Info. The second part of the manual describes various advanced Info -commands, and how to write an Info as distinct from a Texinfo file. -The third part briefly explains how to generate Info files from Texinfo -files. +commands. The third part briefly explains how to generate Info files +from Texinfo files, and describes how to write an Info file by hand. * Menu: -* Help-Small-Screen:: Starting Info on a Small Screen -* Help:: How to use Info -* Help-P:: Returning to the Previous node +* Help-Small-Screen:: Starting Info on a Small Screen. +* Help:: How to use Info. +* Help-P:: Returning to the Previous node. * Help-^L:: The Space, DEL, B and ^L commands. * Help-Inv:: Invisible text in Emacs Info. -* Help-M:: Menus -* Help-Xref:: Following cross-references -* Help-Int:: Some intermediate Info commands -* Help-Q:: Quitting Info +* Help-M:: Menus. +* Help-Xref:: Following cross-references. +* Help-Int:: Some intermediate Info commands. +* Help-Q:: Quitting Info. File: info.info, Node: Help-Small-Screen, Next: Help, Up: Getting Started @@ -87,15 +92,17 @@ File: info.info, Node: Help-Small-Screen, Next: Help, Up: Getting Started Since your terminal has a relatively small number of lines on its screen, it is necessary to give you special advice at the beginning. - If you see the text `--All----' near the bottom right corner of the -screen, it means the entire text you are looking at fits on the screen. -If you see `--Top----' instead, it means that there is more text below -that does not fit. To move forward through the text and see another -screen full, press <SPC>, the Space bar. To move back up, press the -key labeled `Backspace' or `DEL' (on some keyboards, this key might be -labeled `Delete'). - - Here are 40 lines of junk, so you can try <SPC> and <DEL> and see + If the entire text you are looking at fits on the screen, the text +`All' will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. In the +stand-alone Info reader, it is displayed at the bottom right corner of +the screen; in Emacs, it is displayed on the modeline. If you see the +text `Top' instead, it means that there is more text below that does +not fit. To move forward through the text and see another screen full, +press <SPC>, the Space bar. To move back up, press the key labeled +`Backspace' or `DEL' (on some keyboards, this key might be labeled +`Delete'). + + Here are 40 lines of junk, so you can try <SPC> and <DEL> and see what they do. At the end are instructions of what you should do next. This is line 20 @@ -139,11 +146,11 @@ This is line 57 This is line 58 This is line 59 - If you have managed to get here, go back to the beginning with `DEL' + If you have managed to get here, go back to the beginning with `DEL' (or <BACKSPACE>), and come back here again, then you understand the -about the `Space' and `Backspace' keys. So now type an `n' --just one +about the `Space' and `Backspace' keys. So now type an `n'--just one character; don't type the quotes and don't type the Return key -afterward-- to get to the normal start of the course. +afterward--to get to the normal start of the course. File: info.info, Node: Help, Next: Help-P, Prev: Help-Small-Screen, Up: Getting Started @@ -153,27 +160,27 @@ File: info.info, Node: Help, Next: Help-P, Prev: Help-Small-Screen, Up: Gett You are talking to the program Info, for reading documentation. - There are two ways to use Info: from within Emacs or as a stand-alone -reader that you can invoke from a shell using the command `info'. + There are two ways to use Info: from within Emacs or as a +stand-alone reader that you can invoke from a shell using the command +`info'. - Right now you are looking at one "Node" of Information. A node + Right now you are looking at one "Node" of Information. A node contains text describing a specific topic at a specific level of detail. This node's topic is "how to use Info". The mode line says that this is node `Help' in the file `info'. - The top line of a node is its "header". This node's header (look at + The top line of a node is its "header". This node's header (look at it now) says that the `Next' node after this one is the node called `Help-P'. An advanced Info command lets you go to any node whose name you know. In the stand-alone Info reader program, the header line -shows the names of this node and the info file as well. In Emacs, the -header line is duplicated in a special typeface, and the duplicate -remains at the top of the window all the time even if you scroll -through the node. +shows the names of this node and the Info file as well. In Emacs, the +header line is displayed with a special typeface, and remains at the +top of the window all the time even if you scroll through the node. - Besides a `Next', a node can have a `Previous' or an `Up' links, or -both. As you can see, this node has all of these links. + Besides a `Next', a node can have a `Previous' link, or an `Up' +link, or both. As you can see, this node has all of these links. - Now it is time to move on to the `Next' node, named `Help-P'. + Now it is time to move on to the `Next' node, named `Help-P'. >> Type `n' to move there. Type just one character; do not type the quotes and do not type a <RET> afterward. @@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ both. As you can see, this node has all of these links. `>>' in the margin means it is really time to try a command. >> If you are in Emacs and have a mouse, and if you already practiced - typing `n' to get to the next node, click now with the middle + typing `n' to get to the next node, click now with the left mouse button on the `Next' link to do the same "the mouse way". @@ -194,22 +201,22 @@ This node is called `Help-P'. The `Previous' node, as you see, is `Help', which is the one you just came from using the `n' command. Another `n' command now would take you to the next node, `Help-^L'. ->> But do not type `n' yet. First, try the `p' command, - or click the middle mouse button on the `Prev' link. That - takes you to the `Previous' node. Then use `n' to return here. +>> But do not type `n' yet. First, try the `p' command, or + (in Emacs) click on the `Prev' link. That takes you to + the `Previous' node. Then use `n' to return here. - If you read this in Emacs, you will see an `Info' item in the menu + If you read this in Emacs, you will see an `Info' item in the menu bar, close to its right edge. Clicking the mouse on the `Info' -menu-bar item opens a menu of commands which include `Next' and `Prev' -(and also some others which you didn't yet learn about). +menu-bar item opens a menu of commands which include `Next' and +`Previous' (and also some others which you didn't yet learn about). - This all probably seems insultingly simple so far, but _please don't_ -start skimming. Things will get complicated soon enough! Also, please -do not try a new command until you are told it is time to. You could -make Info skip past an important warning that was coming up. + This all probably seems insultingly simple so far, but _please +don't_ start skimming. Things will get complicated soon enough! Also, +please do not try a new command until you are told it is time to. You +could make Info skip past an important warning that was coming up. ->> Now do an `n', or click the middle mouse button on the `Next' - link, to get to the node `Help-^L' and learn more. +>> Now do an `n', or (in Emacs) click the middle mouse button on + the `Next' link, to get to the node `Help-^L' and learn more. File: info.info, Node: Help-^L, Next: Help-Inv, Prev: Help-P, Up: Getting Started @@ -222,12 +229,11 @@ the header line tells you that `p' would get you back to `Help-P'. The node's title is highlighted and may be underlined as well; it says what the node is about. - This is a big node and it does not all fit on your display screen. + This is a big node and it does not all fit on your display screen. You can tell that there is more that is not visible because you can see -the string `--Top-----' rather than `--All----' near the bottom right -corner of the screen. +the text `Top' rather than `All' near the bottom of the screen. - The <SPC>, <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>)(1) and `b' commands exist to allow + The <SPC>, <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>)(1) and `b' commands exist to allow you to "move around" in a node that does not all fit on the screen at once. <SPC> moves forward, to show what was below the bottom of the screen. <DEL> or <BACKSPACE> moves backward, to show what was above @@ -237,19 +243,19 @@ have typed some spaces). >> Now try typing a <SPC> (afterward, type a <BACKSPACE> to return here). - When you type the <SPC>, the two lines that were at the bottom of the -screen appear at the top, followed by more lines. <DEL> or <BACKSPACE> -takes the two lines from the top and moves them to the bottom, -_usually_, but if there are not a full screen's worth of lines above -them they may not make it all the way to the bottom. + When you type the <SPC>, the two lines that were at the bottom of +the screen appear at the top, followed by more lines. <DEL> or +<BACKSPACE> takes the two lines from the top and moves them to the +bottom, _usually_, but if there are not a full screen's worth of lines +above them they may not make it all the way to the bottom. - If you are reading this in Emacs, note that the header line is always -visible, never scrolling off the display. That way, you can always see -the `Next', `Prev', and `Up' links, and you can conveniently go to one -of these links at any time by clicking the middle mouse button on the -link. + If you are reading this in Emacs, note that the header line is +always visible, never scrolling off the display. That way, you can +always see the `Next', `Prev', and `Up' links, and you can conveniently +go to one of these links at any time by clicking the middle mouse +button on the link. - <SPC> and <DEL> not only move forward and backward through the + <SPC> and <DEL> not only move forward and backward through the current node. They also move between nodes. <SPC> at the end of a node moves to the next node; <DEL> (or <BACKSPACE>) at the beginning of a node moves to the previous node. In effect, these commands scroll @@ -258,26 +264,26 @@ You can read an entire manual top to bottom by just typing <SPC>, and move backward through the entire manual from bottom to top by typing <DEL> (or <BACKSPACE>). - In this sequence, a node's subnodes appear following their parent. + In this sequence, a node's subnodes appear following their parent. If a node has a menu, <SPC> takes you into the subnodes listed in the menu, one by one. Once you reach the end of a node, and have seen all of its subnodes, <SPC> takes you to the next node or to the parent's next node. - Many keyboards nowadays have two scroll keys labeled `PageUp' and + Many keyboards nowadays have two scroll keys labeled `PageUp' and `PageDown' (or maybe `Prior' and `Next'). If your keyboard has these keys, you can use them to move forward and backward through the text of one node, like <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>). However, <PAGEUP> and <PAGEDOWN> keys never scroll beyond the beginning or the end of the current node. - If your screen is ever garbaged, you can tell Info to display it -again by typing `C-l' (`Control-L', that is--hold down <CTRL> and type + If your screen is ever garbaged, you can tell Info to display it +again by typing `C-l' (`Control-L'--that is, hold down <CTRL> and type `L' or `l'). >> Type `C-l' now. - To move back to the beginning of the node you are on, you can type + To move back to the beginning of the node you are on, you can type the <BACKSPACE> key (or <DEL>) many times. You can also type `b' just once. `b' stands for "beginning." @@ -286,35 +292,30 @@ once. `b' stands for "beginning." isn't enough. You may need to shrink your Emacs or Info window.) Then come back, by typing <SPC> one or more times. - If your screen is very tall, all of this node might fit at once. In -that case, `b' won't do anything. But you could observe the effect of -the `b' key if you use a smaller window. - - You have just learned a considerable number of commands. If you want -to use one but have trouble remembering which, you should type a `?' -(in Emacs it runs the `Info-summary' command) which displays a brief -list of commands. When you are finished looking at the list, make it -go away by typing a <SPC> repeatedly. + You have just learned a considerable number of commands. If you +want to use one but have trouble remembering which, you should type +`?', which displays a brief list of commands. When you are finished +looking at the list, make it go away by typing <SPC> repeatedly. >> Type a <?> now. Press <SPC> to see consecutive screenfuls of the list until finished. Then type <SPC> several times. If you are using Emacs, the help will then go away automatically. - (If you are using the stand-alone Info reader, type `C-x 0' to return -here, that is--press and hold <CTRL>, type an `x', then release <CTRL> -and `x', and press `0'--a zero, not the letter "o".) + (If you are using the stand-alone Info reader, type `C-x 0' to +return here, that is--press and hold <CTRL>, type an `x', then release +<CTRL> and `x', and press `0'; that's a zero, not the letter "o".) - From now on, you will encounter large nodes without warning, and will -be expected to know how to use <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> to move around in -them without being told. Since not all terminals have the same size -screen, it would be impossible to warn you anyway. + From now on, you will encounter large nodes without warning, and +will be expected to know how to use <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> to move +around in them without being told. Since not all terminals have the +same size screen, it would be impossible to warn you anyway. >> Now type `n', or click the middle mouse button on the `Next' link, to visit the next node. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) The key which we call "Backspace or DEL" in this manual is + (1) The key which we call "Backspace or DEL" in this manual is labeled differently on different keyboards. Look for a key which is a little ways above the <ENTER> or <RET> key and which you normally use outside Emacs to erase the character before the cursor, i.e. the @@ -331,19 +332,19 @@ Before discussing menus, we need to make some remarks that are only relevant to users reading Info using Emacs. Users of the stand-alone version can skip this node by typing `]' now. - In Emacs, certain text that appears in the stand-alone version is + In Emacs, certain text that appears in the stand-alone version is normally hidden, technically because it has the `invisibility' property. Invisible text is really a part of the text. It becomes visible (by default) after killing and yanking, it appears in printed output, it gets saved to file just like any other text, and so on. Thus it is useful to know it is there. - You can make invisible text visible by using the command `M-x + You can make invisible text visible by using the command `M-x visible-mode'. Visible mode is a minor mode, so using the command a second time will make the text invisible again. Watch the effects of the command on the "menu" below and the top line of this node. - If you prefer to _always_ see the invisible text, you can set + If you prefer to _always_ see the invisible text, you can set `Info-hide-note-references' to `nil'. Enabling Visible mode permanently is not a real alternative, because Emacs Info also uses (although less extensively) another text property that can change the @@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ text being displayed, the `display' property. Only the invisibility property is affected by Visible mode. When, in this tutorial, we refer to the `Emacs' behavior, we mean the _default_ Emacs behavior. - Now type `]', to learn about the `]' and `[' commands. + Now type `]', to learn about the `]' and `[' commands. * Menu: @@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ be at a lower level. It is the only node in the previous node's menu (even though it was listed three times). Hence it has no next or previous node that `n' or `p' could move to. - If you systematically move through a manual by typing `n', you run + If you systematically move through a manual by typing `n', you run the risk of skipping many nodes. You do not run this risk if you systematically use `<SPC>', because, when you scroll to the bottom of a node and type another `<SPC>', then this carries you to the following @@ -383,14 +384,15 @@ node in the manual _regardless of level_. If you immediately want to go to that node, without having to scroll to the bottom of the screen first, you can type `]'. - Similarly, `<BACKSPACE>' carries you to the preceding node regardless -of level, after you scrolled to the beginning of the present node. If -you want to go to the preceding node immediately, you can type `['. + Similarly, `<BACKSPACE>' carries you to the preceding node +regardless of level, after you scrolled to the beginning of the present +node. If you want to go to the preceding node immediately, you can +type `['. - For instance, typing this sequence will come back here in three steps: -`[ n ['. To do the same backward, type `] p ]'. + For instance, typing this sequence will come back here in three +steps: `[ n ['. To do the same backward, type `] p ]'. - Now type `]' to go to the next node and learn about menus. + Now type `]' to go to the next node and learn about menus. File: info.info, Node: Help-M, Next: Help-Xref, Prev: Help-Inv, Up: Getting Started @@ -409,7 +411,7 @@ which starts that way. The only menu you can use at any moment is the one in the node you are in. To use a menu in any other node, you must move to that node first. - After the start of the menu, each line that starts with a `*' + After the start of the menu, each line that starts with a `*' identifies one subtopic. The line usually contains a brief name for the subtopic (followed by a `:', normally hidden in Emacs), the name of the node that talks about that subtopic (again, normally hidden in @@ -420,7 +422,7 @@ subtopics. Here is an example: * Foo: Node about FOO. This tells about FOO. - The subtopic name is Foo, and the node describing it is `Node about + The subtopic name is Foo, and the node describing it is `Node about FOO'. The rest of the line is just for the reader's Information. [[ But this line is not a real menu item, simply because there is no line above it which starts with `* Menu:'. Also, in a real menu item, the @@ -428,7 +430,7 @@ above it which starts with `* Menu:'. Also, in a real menu item, the "normally hidden" text in Emacs, namely `: Node about FOO.', is actually visible in this example, even when Visible mode is off.]] - When you use a menu to go to another node (in a way that will be + When you use a menu to go to another node (in a way that will be described soon), what you specify is the subtopic name, the first thing in the menu line. Info uses it to find the menu line, extracts the node name from it, and goes to that node. The reason that there is @@ -450,21 +452,21 @@ both `Foo'. (The `::' is normally hidden in Emacs.) by looking at it, then the node does not have a menu and the `m' command is not available. - If you keep typing <SPC> once the menu appears on the screen, it will -move to another node (the first one in the menu). If that happens, -type <BACKSPACE> to come back. + If you keep typing <SPC> once the menu appears on the screen, it +will move to another node (the first one in the menu). If that +happens, type <BACKSPACE> to come back. - The command to go to one of the subnodes is `m'. This is very + The command to go to one of the subnodes is `m'. This is very different from the commands you have used: it is a command that prompts you for more input. - The Info commands you know do not need additional input; when you + The Info commands you know do not need additional input; when you type one of them, Info processes it instantly and then is ready for another command. The `m' command is different: it needs to know the "name of the subtopic". Once you have typed `m', Info tries to read the subtopic name. - Now, in the stand-alone Info, look for the line containing many + Now, in the stand-alone Info, look for the line containing many dashes near the bottom of the screen. (This is the stand-alone equivalent for the mode line in Emacs.) There is one more line beneath that one, but usually it is blank. (In Emacs, this is the echo area.) @@ -477,12 +479,12 @@ type `Control-g' to cancel the command. When you have done one of those things, the input entry line becomes blank again. Then you can type Info commands again. - The command to go to a subnode via a menu is `m'. After you type the -`m', the line at the bottom of the screen says `Menu item: '. You must -then type the name of the subtopic you want, and end it with a <RET>. -In Emacs, `m' runs the command `Info-menu'. + The command to go to a subnode via a menu is `m'. After you type +the `m', the line at the bottom of the screen says `Menu item: '. You +must then type the name of the subtopic you want, and end it with a +<RET>. - You can abbreviate the subtopic name. If the abbreviation is not + You can abbreviate the subtopic name. If the abbreviation is not unique, the first matching subtopic is chosen. Some menus put the shortest possible abbreviation for each subtopic name in capital letters, so you can see how much you need to type. It does not matter @@ -490,17 +492,17 @@ whether you use upper case or lower case when you type the subtopic. You should not put any spaces at the end, or inside of the item name, except for one space where a space appears in the item in the menu. - You can also use the "completion" feature to help enter the subtopic + You can also use the "completion" feature to help enter the subtopic name. If you type the <TAB> key after entering part of a name, it will fill in more of the name--as much as Info can deduce from the part you have entered. - If you move the cursor to one of the menu subtopic lines, then you do + If you move the cursor to one of the menu subtopic lines, then you do not need to type the argument: you just type a <RET>, and it stands for the subtopic of the line you are on. You can also click the middle mouse button directly on the subtopic line to go there. - Here is a menu to give you a chance to practice. This menu gives you + Here is a menu to give you a chance to practice. This menu gives you three ways of going to one place, Help-FOO: * Menu: @@ -509,14 +511,14 @@ three ways of going to one place, Help-FOO: * Bar: Help-FOO. We have made two ways to get to the same place. * Help-FOO:: And yet another! - (Turn Visible mode on if you are using Emacs.) + (Turn Visible mode on if you are using Emacs.) >> Now type just an `m' and see what happens: - Now you are "inside" an `m' command. Commands cannot be used now; + Now you are "inside" an `m' command. Commands cannot be used now; the next thing you will type must be the name of a subtopic. - You can change your mind about doing the `m' by typing `Control-g'. + You can change your mind about doing the `m' by typing `Control-g'. >> Try that now; notice the bottom line clear. @@ -524,7 +526,7 @@ the next thing you will type must be the name of a subtopic. >> Now type `BAR', the item name. Do not type <RET> yet. - While you are typing the item name, you can use the <DEL> (or + While you are typing the item name, you can use the <DEL> (or <BACKSPACE>) key to cancel one character at a time if you make a mistake. @@ -534,35 +536,37 @@ mistake. >> Now you are ready to go. Type a <RET>. - After visiting `Help-FOO', you should return here. + After visiting `Help-FOO', you should return here. - Another way to move to the menu subtopic lines and between them is to -type <TAB>. Each time you type a <TAB>, you move to the next subtopic -line. To move to a previous subtopic line, type `M-<TAB>'--that is, -press and hold the <META> key and then press <TAB>. (On some -keyboards, the <META> key might be labeled `Alt'.) + Another way to move to the menu subtopic lines and between them is +to type <TAB>. Each time you type a <TAB>, you move to the next +subtopic line. To move to a previous subtopic line in the stand-alone +reader, type `M-<TAB>'--that is, press and hold the <META> key and then +press <TAB>. (On some keyboards, the <META> key might be labeled +`Alt'.) In Emacs Info, type `S-<TAB>' to move to a previous subtopic +line (press and hold the <Shift> key and then press <TAB>). - Once you move cursor to a subtopic line, press <RET> to go to that + Once you move cursor to a subtopic line, press <RET> to go to that subtopic's node. - If your terminal supports a mouse, you have yet another way of going + If your terminal supports a mouse, you have yet another way of going to a subtopic. Move your mouse pointer to the subtopic line, somewhere between the beginning `*' and the colon `:' which ends the subtopic's brief name. You will see the subtopic's name change its appearance (usually, its background color will change), and the shape of the mouse pointer will change if your platform supports that. After a while, if you leave the mouse on that spot, a small window will pop up, saying -"Mouse-2: go to that node", or the same message may appear at the +"Mouse-2: go to that node," or the same message may appear at the bottom of the screen. - `Mouse-2' is the second button of your mouse counting from the + `Mouse-2' is the second button of your mouse counting from the left--the middle button on a 3-button mouse. (On a 2-button mouse, you may have to press both buttons together to "press the middle button".) The message tells you pressing `Mouse-2' with the current position of the mouse pointer (on subtopic in the menu) will go to that subtopic. - More generally, `Mouse-2' in an Info buffer finds the nearest link to -another node and goes there. For example, near a cross reference it + More generally, `Mouse-2' in an Info buffer finds the nearest link +to another node and goes there. For example, near a cross reference it acts like `f', in a menu it acts like `m', on the node's header line it acts like `n', `p', or `u', etc. At end of the node's text `Mouse-2' moves to the next node, or up if there's no next node. @@ -582,13 +586,13 @@ lead back to the menu. Menus move Down in the tree, and `Up' moves Up. `Previous', on the other hand, is usually used to "stay on the same level but go backwards". - You can go back to the node `Help-M' by typing the command `u' for -"Up" (the Emacs command run by `u' is `Info-up'). That puts you at the -_front_ of the node--to get back to where you were reading you have to -type some <SPC>s. (Some Info readers, such as the one built into -Emacs, put you at the same place where you were reading in `Help-M'.) + You can go back to the node `Help-M' by typing the command `u' for +"Up". This puts you at the menu subtopic line pointing to the subnode +that the `u' command brought you from. (Some Info readers may put you +at the _front_ of the node instead--to get back to where you were +reading, you have to type some <SPC>s.) - Another way to go Up is to click `Mouse-2' on the `Up' pointer shown + Another way to go Up is to click `Mouse-2' on the `Up' pointer shown in the header line (provided that you have a mouse). >> Now type `u' to move back up to `Help-M'. @@ -605,28 +609,30 @@ real, live cross reference, whose name is `Cross' and which points to the node named `Help-Cross'. (The node name is hidden in Emacs. Do `M-x visible-mode' to show or hide it.) - There are two ways to follow a cross reference. You can move the -cursor to it and press <RET>, just as in a menu. <RET> follows the -cross reference that the cursor is on. Or you can type `f' and then -specify the name of the cross reference (in this case, `Cross') as an -argument. In Emacs Info, `f' runs `Info-follow-reference', + You can follow a cross reference by moving the cursor to it and +press <RET>, just as in a menu. In Emacs, you can also click `Mouse-1' +on a cross reference to follow it; you can see that the cross reference +is mouse-sensitive by moving the mouse pointer to the reference and +watching how the underlying text and the mouse pointer change in +response. - In the `f' command, you select the cross reference with its name, so -it does not matter where the cursor was. If the cursor is on or near a -cross reference, `f' suggests that reference name in parentheses as the -default; typing <RET> will follow that reference. However, if you type -a different reference name, `f' will follow the other reference which -has that name. + Another way to follow a cross reference is to type `f' and then +specify the name of the cross reference (in this case, `Cross') as an +argument. For this command, it does not matter where the cursor was. +If the cursor is on or near a cross reference, `f' suggests that +reference name in parentheses as the default; typing <RET> will follow +that reference. However, if you type a different reference name, `f' +will follow the other reference which has that name. >> Type `f', followed by `Cross', and then <RET>. - As you enter the reference name, you can use the <DEL> (or + As you enter the reference name, you can use the <DEL> (or <BACKSPACE>) key to edit your input. If you change your mind about following any reference, you can use `Control-g' to cancel the command. Completion is available in the `f' command; you can complete among all the cross reference names in the current node by typing a <TAB>. - To get a list of all the cross references in the current node, you + To get a list of all the cross references in the current node, you can type `?' after an `f'. The `f' continues to await a cross reference name even after displaying the list, so if you don't actually want to follow a reference, you should type a `Control-g' to cancel the @@ -635,43 +641,30 @@ want to follow a reference, you should type a `Control-g' to cancel the >> Type `f?' to get a list of the cross references in this node. Then type a `Control-g' and see how the `f' gives up. - The <TAB> and `M-<TAB>' key, which move between menu items in a menu, -also move between cross references outside of menus. + The <TAB>, `M-<TAB>' and `S-<TAB>' keys, which move between menu +items in a menu, also move between cross references outside of menus. - Sometimes a cross reference (or a node) can lead to another file (in + Sometimes a cross reference (or a node) can lead to another file (in other words another "manual"), or, on occasion, even a file on a remote machine (although Info files distributed with Emacs or the stand-alone Info avoid using remote links). Such a cross reference looks like this: *Note Overview of Texinfo: (texinfo)Top. (After following this link, type `l' to get back to this node.) Here the name `texinfo' -between parentheses (shown in the stand-alone version) refers to the -file name. This file name appears in cross references and node names -if it differs from the current file. In Emacs, the file name is hidden -(along with other text). (Use `M-x visible-mode' to show or hide it.) - - The remainder of this node applies only to the Emacs version. If you -use the stand-alone version, you can type `n' immediately. - - To some users, switching manuals is a much bigger switch than -switching sections. These users like to know that they are going to be -switching to another manual (and which one) before actually doing so, -especially given that, if one does not notice, Info commands like `t' -(see the next node) can have confusing results. - - If you put your mouse over the cross reference and if the cross -reference leads to a different manual, then the information appearing -in a separate box (tool tip) or in the echo area, will mention the file -the cross reference will carry you to (between parentheses). This is -also true for menu subtopic names. If you have a mouse, just leave it -over the `Overview' cross reference above and watch what happens. - - If you always like to have that information available without having -to move your mouse over the cross reference, set -`Info-hide-note-references' to a value other than t (*note Emacs Info -Variables::). You might also want to do that if you have a lot of -cross references to files on remote machines and have non-permanent or -slow access, since otherwise you might not be able to distinguish -between local and remote links. +between parentheses refers to the file name. This file name appears in +cross references and node names if it differs from the current file, so +you can always know that you are going to be switching to another +manual and which one. + + However, Emacs normally hides some other text in cross-references. +If you put your mouse over the cross reference, then the information +appearing in a separate box (tool tip) or in the echo area will show +the full cross-reference including the file name and the node name of +the cross reference. If you have a mouse, just leave it over the cross +reference *Note Overview of Texinfo: (texinfo)Top, and watch what +happens. If you always like to have that information visible without +having to move your mouse over the cross reference, use `M-x +visible-mode', or set `Info-hide-note-references' to a value other than +`t' (*note Emacs Info Variables::). >> Now type `n' to learn more commands. @@ -684,41 +677,48 @@ File: info.info, Node: Help-Int, Next: Help-Q, Prev: Help-Xref, Up: Getting The introductory course is almost over; please continue a little longer to learn some intermediate-level commands. - Most Info files have an index, which is actually a large node + Most Info files have an index, which is actually a large node containing little but a menu. The menu has one menu item for each topic listed in the index. (As a special feature, menus for indices may also include the line number within the node of the index entry. This allows Info readers to go to the exact line of an entry, not just the start of the containing node.) - You can get to the index from the main menu of the file with the `m' -command; then you can use the `m' command again in the index node to go -to the node that describes the topic you want. + You can get to the index from the main menu of the file with the `m' +command and the name of the index node; then you can use the `m' +command again in the index node to go to the node that describes the +topic you want. - There is also a short-cut Info command, `i', which does all of that + There is also a short-cut Info command, `i', which does all of that for you. It searches the index for a given topic (a string) and goes -to the node which is listed in the index for that topic. *Note Info -Search::, for a full explanation. +to the node which is listed in the index for that topic. *Note Search +Index::, for a full explanation. - If you have been moving around to different nodes and wish to retrace -your steps, the `l' command (`l' for "last") will do that, one + If you have been moving around to different nodes and wish to +retrace your steps, the `l' command (`l' for "last") will do that, one node-step at a time. As you move from node to node, Info records the nodes where you have been in a special history list. The `l' command revisits nodes in the history list; each successive `l' command moves one step back through the history. - In Emacs, `l' runs the command `Info-last'. - >> Try typing `p p n' and then three `l''s, pausing in between to see what each `l' does. You should wind up right back here. - Note the difference between `l' and `p': `l' moves to where _you_ + Note the difference between `l' and `p': `l' moves to where _you_ last were, whereas `p' always moves to the node which the header says is the `Previous' node (from this node, the `Prev' link leads to `Help-Xref'). - The `d' command (`Info-directory' in Emacs) gets you instantly to the -Directory node. This node, which is the first one you saw when you + You can use the `r' command (`Info-history-forward' in Emacs) to +revisit nodes in the history list in the forward direction, so that `r' +will return you to the node you came from by typing `l'. + + The `L' command (`Info-history' in Emacs) creates a virtual node +that contains a list of all nodes you visited. You can select a +previously visited node from this menu to revisit it. + + The `d' command (`Info-directory' in Emacs) gets you instantly to +the Directory node. This node, which is the first one you saw when you entered Info, has a menu which leads (directly or indirectly, through other menus), to all the nodes that exist. The Directory node lists all the manuals and other Info documents that are, or could be, @@ -727,81 +727,183 @@ installed on your system. >> Try doing a `d', then do an `l' to return here (yes, _do_ return). - The `t' command moves to the `Top' node of the manual. This is + The `t' command moves to the `Top' node of the manual. This is useful if you want to browse the manual's main menu, or select some specific top-level menu item. The Emacs command run by `t' is `Info-top-node'. - Clicking `Mouse-2' on or near a cross reference also follows the -reference. You can see that the cross reference is mouse-sensitive by -moving the mouse pointer to the reference and watching how the -underlying text and the mouse pointer change in response. - >> Now type `n' to see the last node of the course. - *Note Expert Info::, for more advanced Info features. + *Note Advanced::, for more advanced Info features. -File: info.info, Node: Expert Info, Next: Creating an Info File, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top +File: info.info, Node: Help-Q, Prev: Help-Int, Up: Getting Started -2 Info for Experts -****************** +1.9 Quitting Info +================= -This chapter describes various Info commands for experts. (If you are +To get out of Info, back to what you were doing before, type `q' for +"Quit". This runs `Info-exit' in Emacs. + + This is the end of the basic course on using Info. You have learned +how to move in an Info document, and how to follow menus and cross +references. This makes you ready for reading manuals top to bottom, as +new users should do when they learn a new package. + + Another set of Info commands is useful when you need to find +something quickly in a manual--that is, when you need to use a manual +as a reference rather than as a tutorial. We urge you to learn these +search commands as well. If you want to do that now, follow this cross +reference to *note Advanced::. + + Yet another set of commands are meant for experienced users; you can +find them by looking in the Directory node for documentation on Info. +Finding them will be a good exercise in using Info in the usual manner. + +>> Type `d' to go to the Info directory node; then type + `mInfo' and Return, to get to the node about Info and + see what other help is available. + + +File: info.info, Node: Advanced, Next: Expert Info, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top + +2 Advanced Info Commands +************************ + +This chapter describes various advanced Info commands. (If you are using a stand-alone Info reader, there are additional commands specific -to it, which are documented in several chapters of *Note GNU Info: +to it, which are documented in several chapters of *note GNU Info: (info-stnd)Top.) - This chapter also explains how to write an Info as distinct from a -Texinfo file. (However, in most cases, writing a Texinfo file is -better, since you can use it to make a printed manual or produce other -formats, such as HTML and DocBook, as well as for generating Info -files.) *Note Overview of Texinfo: (texinfo)Top. + One advanced command useful with most of the others described here +is `C-q', which "quotes" the next character so that it is entered +literally (*note Inserting Text: (emacs)Inserting Text.). For example, +pressing `?' ordinarily brings up a list of completion possibilities. +If you want to (for example) search for an actual `?' character, the +simplest way is to insert it using `C-q ?'. This works the same in +Emacs and stand-alone Info. * Menu: -* Advanced:: Advanced Info commands: g, e, and 1 - 9. -* Info Search:: How to search Info documents for specific subjects. -* Add:: Describes how to add new nodes to the hierarchy. - Also tells what nodes look like. -* Menus:: How to add to or create menus in Info nodes. -* Cross-refs:: How to add cross-references to Info nodes. -* Tags:: How to make tags tables for Info files. -* Checking:: Checking an Info File +* Search Text:: How to search Info documents. +* Search Index:: How to search the indices for specific subjects. +* Go to node:: How to go to a node by name. +* Choose menu subtopic:: How to choose a menu subtopic by its number. +* Create Info buffer:: How to create a new Info buffer in Emacs. * Emacs Info Variables:: Variables modifying the behavior of Emacs Info. -File: info.info, Node: Advanced, Next: Info Search, Up: Expert Info +File: info.info, Node: Search Text, Next: Search Index, Up: Advanced + +2.1 `s' searches Info documents +=============================== + +The commands which move between and inside nodes allow you to read the +entire manual or its large portions. But what if you need to find some +information in the manual as fast as you can, and you don't know or +don't remember in what node to look for it? This need arises when you +use a manual as a "reference", or when it is impractical to read the +entire manual before you start using the programs it describes. + + Info has powerful searching facilities that let you find things +quickly. You can search either the manual text or its indices. + + The `s' command allows you to search a whole Info file for a string. +It switches to the next node if and when that is necessary. You type +`s' followed by the string to search for, terminated by <RET>. To +search for the same string again, just `s' followed by <RET> will do. +The file's nodes are scanned in the order they are in the file, which +has no necessary relationship to the order that they may be in the tree +structure of menus and `next' pointers. But normally the two orders +are not very different. In any case, you can always look at the mode +line to find out what node you have reached, if the header is not +visible (this can happen, because `s' puts your cursor at the +occurrence of the string, not at the beginning of the node). + + In Emacs, `Meta-s' is equivalent to `s'. That is for compatibility +with other GNU packages that use `M-s' for a similar kind of search +command. Both `s' and `M-s' run in Emacs the command `Info-search'. + + Instead of using `s' in Emacs Info and in the stand-alone Info, you +can use an incremental search started with `C-s' or `C-r'. It can +search through multiple Info nodes. *Note Incremental Search: +(emacs)Incremental Search. In Emacs, you can disable this behavior by +setting the variable `Info-isearch-search' to `nil' (*note Emacs Info +Variables::). + + +File: info.info, Node: Search Index, Next: Go to node, Prev: Search Text, Up: Advanced + +2.2 `i' searches the indices for specific subjects +================================================== + +Since most topics in the manual should be indexed, you should try the +index search first before the text search. The `i' command prompts you +for a subject and then looks up that subject in the indices. If it +finds an index entry with the subject you typed, it goes to the node to +which that index entry points. You should browse through that node to +see whether the issue you are looking for is described there. If it +isn't, type `,' one or more times to go through additional index +entries which match your subject. + + The `i' command and subsequent `,' commands find all index entries +which include the string you typed _as a substring_. For each match, +Info shows in the echo area the full index entry it found. Often, the +text of the full index entry already gives you enough information to +decide whether it is relevant to what you are looking for, so we +recommend that you read what Info shows in the echo area before looking +at the node it displays. + + Since `i' looks for a substring, you can search for subjects even if +you are not sure how they are spelled in the index. For example, +suppose you want to find something that is pertinent to commands which +complete partial input (e.g., when you type <TAB>). If you want to +catch index entries that refer to "complete," "completion," and +"completing," you could type `icomplet<RET>'. -2.1 Advanced Info Commands -========================== + Info documents which describe programs should index the commands, +options, and key sequences that the program provides. If you are +looking for a description of a command, an option, or a key, just type +their names when `i' prompts you for a topic. For example, if you want +to read the description of what the `C-l' key does, type `iC-l<RET>' +literally. -Here are some more Info commands that make it easier to move around. + If you aren't sure which manual documents the topic you are looking +for, try the `M-x info-apropos' command in Emacs, or the `M-x +index-apropos' command in the stand-alone reader. It prompts for a +string and then looks up that string in all the indices of all the Info +documents installed on your system. -`g' goes to a node by name --------------------------- + +File: info.info, Node: Go to node, Next: Choose menu subtopic, Prev: Search Index, Up: Advanced + +2.3 `g' goes to a node by name +============================== If you know a node's name, you can go there by typing `g', the name, and <RET>. Thus, `gTop<RET>' would go to the node called `Top' in this -file. (This is equivalent to `t', see *Note Help-Int::.) -`gAdvanced<RET>' would come back here. `g' in Emacs runs the command -`Info-goto-node'. +file. (This is equivalent to `t', see *note Help-Int::.) `gGo to +node<RET>' would come back here. - Unlike `m', `g' does not allow the use of abbreviations. But it does -allow completion, so you can type <TAB> to complete a partial node name. + Unlike `m', `g' does not allow the use of abbreviations. But it +does allow completion, so you can type <TAB> to complete a partial node +name. - To go to a node in another file, you can include the file name in the + To go to a node in another file, you can include the file name in the node name by putting it at the front, in parentheses. Thus, `g(dir)Top<RET>' would go to the Info Directory node, which is the node `Top' in the Info file `dir'. Likewise, `g(emacs)Top<RET>' goes to the top node of the Emacs manual. - The node name `*' specifies the whole file. So you can look at all + The node name `*' specifies the whole file. So you can look at all of the current file by typing `g*<RET>' or all of any other file with -`g(FILENAME)<RET>'. +`g(FILENAME)*<RET>'. + + +File: info.info, Node: Choose menu subtopic, Next: Create Info buffer, Prev: Go to node, Up: Advanced -`1' - `9' choose a menu subtopic by its number ----------------------------------------------- +2.4 `1'-`9' choose a menu subtopic by its number +================================================ If you begrudge each character of type-in which your system requires, you might like to use the commands `1', `2', `3', `4', ..., `9'. They @@ -809,121 +911,161 @@ are short for the `m' command together with a name of a menu subtopic. `1' goes through the first item in the current node's menu; `2' goes through the second item, etc. In the stand-alone reader, `0' goes through the last menu item; this is so you need not count how many -entries are there. In Emacs, the digit keys run the command -`Info-nth-menu-item'. +entries are there. - If your display supports multiple fonts, colors or underlining, and + If your display supports multiple fonts, colors or underlining, and you are using Emacs' Info mode to read Info files, the third, sixth and ninth menu items have a `*' that stands out, either in color or in some other attribute, such as underline; this makes it easy to see at a glance which number to use for an item. - Some terminals don't support either multiple fonts, colors or + Some terminals don't support either multiple fonts, colors or underlining. If you need to actually count items, it is better to use `m' instead, and specify the name, or use <TAB> to quickly move between menu items. -`e' makes Info document editable --------------------------------- - -The Info command `e' changes from Info mode to an ordinary Emacs -editing mode, so that you can edit the text of the current node. Type -`C-c C-c' to switch back to Info. The `e' command is allowed only if -the variable `Info-enable-edit' is non-`nil'. - - The `e' command only works in Emacs, where it runs the command -`Info-edit'. The stand-alone Info reader doesn't allow you to edit the -Info file, so typing `e' there goes to the end of the current node. + +File: info.info, Node: Create Info buffer, Next: Emacs Info Variables, Prev: Choose menu subtopic, Up: Advanced -`M-n' creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs ----------------------------------------------------- +2.5 `M-n' creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs +======================================================== If you are reading Info in Emacs, you can select a new independent Info -buffer in another window by typing `M-n'. The new buffer starts out as -an exact copy of the old one, but you will be able to move +buffer in a new Emacs window by typing `M-n'. The new buffer starts +out as an exact copy of the old one, but you will be able to move independently between nodes in the two buffers. (In Info mode, `M-n' runs the Emacs command `clone-buffer'.) - In Emacs Info, you can also produce new Info buffers by giving a + In Emacs Info, you can also produce new Info buffers by giving a numeric prefix argument to the `m' and `g' commands. `C-u m' and `C-u g' go to a new node in exactly the same way that `m' and `g' do, but they do so in a new Info buffer which they select in another window. + Another way to produce new Info buffers in Emacs is to use a numeric +prefix argument for the `C-h i' command (`info') which switches to the +Info buffer with that number. Thus, `C-u 2 C-h i' switches to the +buffer `*info*<2>', creating it if necessary. + -File: info.info, Node: Info Search, Next: Add, Prev: Advanced, Up: Expert Info +File: info.info, Node: Emacs Info Variables, Prev: Create Info buffer, Up: Advanced -2.2 How to search Info documents for specific subjects -====================================================== +2.6 Emacs Info-mode Variables +============================= -The commands which move between and inside nodes allow you to read the -entire manual or its large portions. But what if you need to find some -information in the manual as fast as you can, and you don't know or -don't remember in what node to look for it? This need arises when you -use a manual as a "reference", or when it is impractical to read the -entire manual before you start using the programs it describes. +The following variables may modify the behavior of Info-mode in Emacs; +you may wish to set one or several of these variables interactively, or +in your init file. *Note Examining and Setting Variables: +(emacs)Examining. The stand-alone Info reader program has its own set +of variables, described in *note Manipulating Variables: +(info-stnd)Variables. - Info has powerful searching facilities that let you find things -quickly. You can search either the manual indices or its text. - - Since most subjects related to what the manual describes should be -indexed, you should try the index search first. The `i' command -prompts you for a subject and then looks up that subject in the -indices. If it finds an index entry with the subject you typed, it -goes to the node to which that index entry points. You should browse -through that node to see whether the issue you are looking for is -described there. If it isn't, type `,' one or more times to go through -additional index entries which match your subject. - - The `i' command finds all index entries which include the string you -typed _as a substring_. For each match, Info shows in the echo area -the full index entry it found. Often, the text of the full index entry -already gives you enough information to decide whether it is relevant -to what you are looking for, so we recommend that you read what Emacs -shows in the echo area before looking at the node it displays. - - Since `i' looks for a substring, you can search for subjects even if -you are not sure how they are spelled in the index. For example, -suppose you want to find something that is pertinent to commands which -complete partial input (e.g., when you type <TAB>). If you want to -catch index entries that refer to "complete", "completion", and -"completing", you could type `icomplet<RET>'. +`Info-directory-list' + The list of directories to search for Info files. Each element is + a string (directory name) or `nil' (try default directory). If not + initialized Info uses the environment variable `INFOPATH' to + initialize it, or `Info-default-directory-list' if there is no + `INFOPATH' variable in the environment. - Info documents which describe programs should index the commands, -options, and key sequences that the program provides. If you are -looking for a description of a command, an option, or a key, just type -their names when `i' prompts you for a topic. For example, if you want -to read the description of what the `C-f' key does, type `i C - f -<RET>'. Here `C-f' are 3 literal characters `C', `-', and `f', not the -"Control-f" command key you type inside Emacs to run the command bound -to `C-f'. - - In Emacs, `i' runs the command `Info-index'. - - If you don't know what manual documents something, try the `M-x -info-apropos' command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that -string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on your -system. - - The `s' command allows you to search a whole file for a string. It -switches to the next node if and when that is necessary. You type `s' -followed by the string to search for, terminated by <RET>. To search -for the same string again, just `s' followed by <RET> will do. The -file's nodes are scanned in the order they are in in the file, which -has no necessary relationship to the order that they may be in the tree -structure of menus and `next' pointers. But normally the two orders -are not very different. In any case, you can always do a `b' to find -out what node you have reached, if the header is not visible (this can -happen, because `s' puts your cursor at the occurrence of the string, -not at the beginning of the node). + If you wish to customize the Info directory search list for both + Emacs Info and stand-alone Info, it is best to set the `INFOPATH' + environment variable, since that applies to both programs. - In Emacs, `Meta-s' is equivalent to `s'. That is for compatibility -with other GNU packages that use `M-s' for a similar kind of search -command. Both `s' and `M-s' run in Emacs the command `Info-search'. +`Info-additional-directory-list' + A list of additional directories to search for Info documentation + files. These directories are not searched for merging the `dir' + file. + +`Info-mode-hook' + Hooks run when `Info-mode' is called. By default, it contains the + hook `turn-on-font-lock' which enables highlighting of Info files. + You can change how the highlighting looks by customizing the faces + `info-node', `info-xref', `info-xref-visited', `info-header-xref', + `info-header-node', `info-menu-header', `info-menu-star', and + `info-title-N' (where N is the level of the section, a number + between 1 and 4). To customize a face, type `M-x customize-face + <RET> FACE <RET>', where FACE is one of the face names listed here. + +`Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' + Maximum size of menu to fontify if `font-lock-mode' is non-`nil'. + +`Info-fontify-visited-nodes' + If non-`nil', menu items and cross-references pointing to visited + nodes are displayed in the `info-xref-visited' face. + +`Info-use-header-line' + If non-`nil', Emacs puts in the Info buffer a header line showing + the `Next', `Prev', and `Up' links. A header line does not scroll + with the rest of the buffer, making these links always visible. + +`Info-hide-note-references' + As explained in earlier nodes, the Emacs version of Info normally + hides some text in menus and cross-references. You can completely + disable this feature, by setting this option to `nil'. Setting it + to a value that is neither `nil' nor `t' produces an intermediate + behavior, hiding a limited amount of text, but showing all text + that could potentially be useful. + +`Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' + If set to a non-`nil' value, <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>) keys + in a menu visit subnodes of the current node before scrolling to + its end or beginning, respectively. For example, if the node's + menu appears on the screen, the next <SPC> moves to a subnode + indicated by the following menu item. Setting this option to + `nil' results in behavior similar to the stand-alone Info reader + program, which visits the first subnode from the menu only when you + hit the end of the current node. The default is `nil'. + +`Info-isearch-search' + If non-`nil', isearch in Info searches through multiple nodes. + +`Info-enable-active-nodes' + When set to a non-`nil' value, allows Info to execute Lisp code + associated with nodes. The Lisp code is executed when the node is + selected. The Lisp code to be executed should follow the node + delimiter (the `DEL' character) and an `execute: ' tag, like this: + + ^_execute: (message "This is an active node!") -File: info.info, Node: Add, Next: Menus, Prev: Info Search, Up: Expert Info +File: info.info, Node: Expert Info, Next: Index, Prev: Advanced, Up: Top -2.3 Adding a new node to Info +3 Info for Experts +****************** + +This chapter explains how to write an Info file by hand. However, in +most cases, writing a Texinfo file is better, since you can use it to +make a printed manual or produce other formats, such as HTML and +DocBook, as well as for generating Info files. + + The `makeinfo' command converts a Texinfo file into an Info file; +`texinfo-format-region' and `texinfo-format-buffer' are GNU Emacs +functions that do the same. + + *Note Overview of Texinfo: (texinfo)Top, for how to write a Texinfo +file. + + *Note Creating an Info File: (texinfo)Creating an Info File, for how +to create an Info file from a Texinfo file. + + *Note Installing an Info File: (texinfo)Installing an Info File, for +how to install an Info file after you have created one. + + However, if you want to edit an Info file manually and install it +manually, here is how. + +* Menu: + +* Add:: Describes how to add new nodes to the hierarchy. + Also tells what nodes look like. +* Menus:: How to add to or create menus in Info nodes. +* Cross-refs:: How to add cross-references to Info nodes. +* Tags:: How to make tags tables for Info files. +* Checking:: Checking an Info File. + + +File: info.info, Node: Add, Next: Menus, Up: Expert Info + +3.1 Adding a new node to Info ============================= To add a new topic to the list in the Info directory, you must: @@ -932,37 +1074,30 @@ To add a new topic to the list in the Info directory, you must: 2. Put that topic in the menu in the directory. *Note Menu: Menus. - Usually, the way to create the nodes is with Texinfo (*note Overview -of Texinfo: (texinfo)Top.); this has the advantage that you can also -make a printed manual or HTML from them. You would use the -`@dircategory' and `@direntry' commands to put the manual into the Info -directory. However, if you want to edit an Info file manually and -install it manually, here is how. - - The new node can live in an existing documentation file, or in a new + The new node can live in an existing documentation file, or in a new one. It must have a `^_' character before it (invisible to the user; this node has one but you cannot see it), and it ends with either a `^_', a `^L' ("formfeed"), or the end of file.(1) - The `^_' starting a node must be followed by a newline or a `^L' + The `^_' starting a node must be followed by a newline or a `^L' newline, after which comes the node's header line. The header line must give the node's name (by which Info finds it), and state the names of the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' nodes (if there are any). As you can see, this node's `Up' node is the node `Expert Info'. The `Next' node is `Menus'. - The keywords "Node", "Next", "Previous", and "Up" may appear in any + The keywords "Node", "Next", "Previous", and "Up" may appear in any order, anywhere in the header line, but the recommended order is the one in this sentence. Each keyword must be followed by a colon, spaces and tabs, and then the appropriate name. The name may be terminated with a tab, a comma, or a newline. A space does not end it; node names may contain spaces. The case of letters in the names is insignificant. - A node name has two forms. A node in the current file is named by + A node name has two forms. A node in the current file is named by what appears after the `Node: ' in that node's first line. For example, this node's name is `Add'. A node in another file is named by `(FILENAME)NODE-WITHIN-FILE', as in `(info)Add' for this node. If the -file name starts with "./", then it is relative to the current +file name starts with `./', then it is relative to the current directory; otherwise, it is relative starting from the standard directory for Info files of your site. The name `(FILENAME)Top' can be abbreviated to just `(FILENAME)'. By convention, the name `Top' is used @@ -972,24 +1107,24 @@ out of the file. The `Directory' node is `(dir)', it points to a file on your site. The `Top' node of a document file listed in the `Directory' should have an `Up: (dir)' in it. - The node name `*' is special: it refers to the entire file. Thus, + The node name `*' is special: it refers to the entire file. Thus, `g*' shows you the whole current file. The use of the node `*' is to make it possible to make old-fashioned, unstructured files into nodes of the tree. - The `Node:' name, in which a node states its own name, must not + The `Node:' name, in which a node states its own name, must not contain a file name, since when Info searches for a node, it does not expect a file name to be there. The `Next', `Previous' and `Up' names may contain them. In this node, since the `Up' node is in the same file, it was not necessary to use one. - Note that the nodes in this file have a file name in the header line. -The file names are ignored by Info, but they serve as comments to help -identify the node for the user. + Note that the nodes in this file have a file name in the header +line. The file names are ignored by Info, but they serve as comments +to help identify the node for the user. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + ---------- Footnotes ---------- - (1) If you put in a `^L' to end a new node, be sure that there is a + (1) If you put in a `^L' to end a new node, be sure that there is a `^_' after it to start the next one, since `^L' cannot _start_ a node. Also, a nicer way to make a node boundary be a page boundary as well is to put a `^L' _right after_ the `^_'. @@ -997,16 +1132,16 @@ to put a `^L' _right after_ the `^_'. File: info.info, Node: Menus, Next: Cross-refs, Prev: Add, Up: Expert Info -2.4 How to Create Menus +3.2 How to Create Menus ======================= Any node in the Info hierarchy may have a "menu"--a list of subnodes. The `m' command searches the current node's menu for the topic which it reads from the terminal. - A menu begins with a line starting with `* Menu:'. The rest of the + A menu begins with a line starting with `* Menu:'. The rest of the line is a comment. After the starting line, every line that begins -with a `* ' lists a single topic. The name of the topic-what the user +with a `* ' lists a single topic. The name of the topic--what the user must type at the `m''s command prompt to select this topic--comes right after the star and space, and is followed by a colon, spaces and tabs, and the name of the node which discusses that topic. The node name, @@ -1014,44 +1149,46 @@ like node names following `Next', `Previous' and `Up', may be terminated with a tab, comma, or newline; it may also be terminated with a period. - If the node name and topic name are the same, then rather than giving -the name twice, the abbreviation `* NAME::' may be used (and should be -used, whenever possible, as it reduces the visual clutter in the menu). + If the node name and topic name are the same, then rather than +giving the name twice, the abbreviation `* NAME::' may be used (and +should be used, whenever possible, as it reduces the visual clutter in +the menu). - It is considerate to choose the topic names so that they differ from + It is considerate to choose the topic names so that they differ from each other very near the beginning--this allows the user to type short abbreviations. In a long menu, it is a good idea to capitalize the beginning of each item name which is the minimum acceptable abbreviation for it (a long menu is more than 5 or so entries). - The nodes listed in a node's menu are called its "subnodes", and it + The nodes listed in a node's menu are called its "subnodes," and it is their "superior". They should each have an `Up:' pointing at the superior. It is often useful to arrange all or most of the subnodes in a sequence of `Next' and `Previous' pointers so that someone who wants to see them all need not keep revisiting the Menu. - The Info Directory is simply the menu of the node `(dir)Top'--that + The Info Directory is simply the menu of the node `(dir)Top'--that is, node `Top' in file `.../info/dir'. You can put new entries in that menu just like any other menu. The Info Directory is _not_ the same as the file directory called `info'. It happens that many of Info's files live in that file directory, but they do not have to; and files in that directory are not automatically listed in the Info Directory node. - Also, although the Info node graph is claimed to be a "hierarchy", in -fact it can be _any_ directed graph. Shared structures and pointer + Also, although the Info node graph is claimed to be a "hierarchy," +in fact it can be _any_ directed graph. Shared structures and pointer cycles are perfectly possible, and can be used if they are appropriate to the meaning to be expressed. There is no need for all the nodes in a file to form a connected structure. In fact, this file has two connected components. You are in one of them, which is under the node `Top'; the other contains the node `Help' which the `h' command goes -to. In fact, since there is no garbage collector, nothing terrible -happens if a substructure is not pointed to, but such a substructure is -rather useless since nobody can ever find out that it exists. +to. In fact, since there is no garbage collector on the node graph, +nothing terrible happens if a substructure is not pointed to, but such +a substructure is rather useless since nobody can ever find out that it +exists. File: info.info, Node: Cross-refs, Next: Tags, Prev: Menus, Up: Expert Info -2.5 Creating Cross References +3.3 Creating Cross References ============================= A cross reference can be placed anywhere in the text, unlike a menu @@ -1074,12 +1211,12 @@ exist! File: info.info, Node: Help-Cross, Up: Cross-refs -2.5.1 The node reached by the cross reference in Info +3.3.1 The node reached by the cross reference in Info ----------------------------------------------------- This is the node reached by the cross reference named `Cross'. - While this node is specifically intended to be reached by a cross + While this node is specifically intended to be reached by a cross reference, most cross references lead to nodes that "belong" someplace else far away in the structure of an Info document. So you cannot expect this node to have a `Next', `Previous' or `Up' links pointing @@ -1089,37 +1226,9 @@ only way to get back there. >> Type `l' to return to the node where the cross reference was. -File: info.info, Node: Help-Q, Prev: Help-Int, Up: Getting Started - -2.6 Quitting Info -================= - -To get out of Info, back to what you were doing before, type `q' for -"Quit". This runs `Info-exit' in Emacs. - - This is the end of the basic course on using Info. You have learned -how to move in an Info document, and how to follow menus and cross -references. This makes you ready for reading manuals top to bottom, as -new users should do when they learn a new package. - - Another set of Info commands is useful when you need to find -something quickly in a manual--that is, when you need to use a manual -as a reference rather than as a tutorial. We urge you to learn these -search commands as well. If you want to do that now, follow this cross -reference to *Note Info Search::. - - Yet another set of commands are meant for experienced users; you can -find them by looking in the Directory node for documentation on Info. -Finding them will be a good exercise in using Info in the usual manner. - ->> Type `d' to go to the Info directory node; then type - `mInfo' and Return, to get to the node about Info and - see what other help is available. - - File: info.info, Node: Tags, Next: Checking, Prev: Cross-refs, Up: Expert Info -2.7 Tags Tables for Info Files +3.4 Tags Tables for Info Files ============================== You can speed up the access to nodes of a large Info file by giving it @@ -1127,19 +1236,19 @@ a tags table. Unlike the tags table for a program, the tags table for an Info file lives inside the file itself and is used automatically whenever Info reads in the file. - To make a tags table, go to a node in the file using Emacs Info mode + To make a tags table, go to a node in the file using Emacs Info mode and type `M-x Info-tagify'. Then you must use `C-x C-s' to save the file. Info files produced by the `makeinfo' command that is part of the Texinfo package always have tags tables to begin with. - Once the Info file has a tags table, you must make certain it is up + Once the Info file has a tags table, you must make certain it is up to date. If you edit an Info file directly (as opposed to editing its Texinfo source), and, as a result of deletion of text, any node moves back more than a thousand characters in the file from the position recorded in the tags table, Info will no longer be able to find that node. To update the tags table, use the `Info-tagify' command again. - An Info file tags table appears at the end of the file and looks like + An Info file tags table appears at the end of the file and looks like this: ^_^L @@ -1155,9 +1264,9 @@ beginning of the node's header (ending just after the node name), a beginning of the node. -File: info.info, Node: Checking, Next: Emacs Info Variables, Prev: Tags, Up: Expert Info +File: info.info, Node: Checking, Prev: Tags, Up: Expert Info -2.8 Checking an Info File +3.5 Checking an Info File ========================= When creating an Info file, it is easy to forget the name of a node when @@ -1171,104 +1280,11 @@ any `Next' which does not have a `Previous' pointing back is reported. Only pointers within the file are checked, because checking pointers to other files would be terribly slow. But those are usually few. - To check an Info file, do `M-x Info-validate' while looking at any + To check an Info file, do `M-x Info-validate' while looking at any node of the file with Emacs Info mode. -File: info.info, Node: Emacs Info Variables, Prev: Checking, Up: Expert Info - -2.9 Emacs Info-mode Variables -============================= - -The following variables may modify the behavior of Info-mode in Emacs; -you may wish to set one or several of these variables interactively, or -in your `~/.emacs' init file. *Note Examining and Setting Variables: -(emacs)Examining. The stand-alone Info reader program has its own set -of variables, described in *Note Manipulating Variables: -(info-stnd)Variables. - -`Info-directory-list' - The list of directories to search for Info files. Each element is - a string (directory name) or `nil' (try default directory). If not - initialized Info uses the environment variable `INFOPATH' to - initialize it, or `Info-default-directory-list' if there is no - `INFOPATH' variable in the environment. - - If you wish to customize the Info directory search list for both - Emacs info and stand-alone Info, it is best to set the `INFOPATH' - environment variable, since that applies to both programs. - -`Info-additional-directory-list' - A list of additional directories to search for Info documentation - files. These directories are not searched for merging the `dir' - file. - -`Info-fontify' - When set to a non-`nil' value, enables highlighting of Info files. - The default is `t'. You can change how the highlighting looks by - customizing the faces `info-node', `info-xref', - `info-header-xref', `info-header-node', `info-menu-5', - `info-menu-header', and `info-title-N-face' (where N is the level - of the section, a number between 1 and 4). To customize a face, - type `M-x customize-face <RET> FACE <RET>', where FACE is one of - the face names listed here. - -`Info-use-header-line' - If non-`nil', Emacs puts in the Info buffer a header line showing - the `Next', `Prev', and `Up' links. A header line does not scroll - with the rest of the buffer, making these links always visible. - -`Info-hide-note-references' - As explained in earlier nodes, the Emacs version of Info normally - hides some text in menus and cross-references. You can completely - disable this feature, by setting this option to `nil'. Setting it - to a value that is neither `nil' nor `t' produces an intermediate - behavior, hiding a limited amount of text, but showing all text - that could potentially be useful. - -`Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' - If set to a non-`nil' value, <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>) keys - in a menu visit subnodes of the current node before scrolling to - its end or beginning, respectively. For example, if the node's - menu appears on the screen, the next <SPC> moves to a subnode - indicated by the following menu item. Setting this option to - `nil' results in behavior similar to the stand-alone Info reader - program, which visits the first subnode from the menu only when you - hit the end of the current node. The default is `nil'. - -`Info-enable-active-nodes' - When set to a non-`nil' value, allows Info to execute Lisp code - associated with nodes. The Lisp code is executed when the node is - selected. The Lisp code to be executed should follow the node - delimiter (the `DEL' character) and an `execute: ' tag, like this: - - ^_execute: (message "This is an active node!") - -`Info-enable-edit' - Set to `nil', disables the `e' (`Info-edit') command. A non-`nil' - value enables it. *Note Edit: Add. - - -File: info.info, Node: Creating an Info File, Next: Index, Prev: Expert Info, Up: Top - -3 Creating an Info File from a Texinfo File -******************************************* - -`makeinfo' is a utility that converts a Texinfo file into an Info file; -`texinfo-format-region' and `texinfo-format-buffer' are GNU Emacs -functions that do the same. - - *Note Overview of Texinfo: (texinfo)Top, to learn how to write a -Texinfo file. - - *Note Creating an Info File: (texinfo)Creating an Info File, to learn -how to create an Info file from a Texinfo file. - - *Note Installing an Info File: (texinfo)Installing an Info File, to -learn how to install an Info file after you have created one. - - -File: info.info, Node: Index, Prev: Creating an Info File, Up: Top +File: info.info, Node: Index, Prev: Expert Info, Up: Top Index ***** @@ -1279,132 +1295,151 @@ topics discussed in this document. * Menu: -* 1 through 9 (Info mode): Advanced. (line 33) -* ? (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 79) +* 1 through 9 (Info mode): Choose menu subtopic. + (line 6) +* ? (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 74) * abbreviating Info subnodes: Help-M. (line 90) -* b (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 66) -* BACKSPACE (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 16) -* C-l (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 60) -* clone-buffer: Advanced. (line 68) +* b (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 65) +* BACKSPACE (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 15) +* C-l (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 59) +* C-q (Info mode): Advanced. (line 11) +* C-r (Info mode): Search Text. (line 32) +* C-s (Info mode): Search Text. (line 32) +* clone-buffer: Create Info buffer. (line 6) * completion of Info node names: Help-M. (line 98) * cross reference format: Cross-refs. (line 6) * cross references in Info documents: Help-Xref. (line 6) -* d (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 42) -* DEL (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 16) -* Directory node: Add. (line 38) -* e (Info mode): Advanced. (line 56) -* edit Info document: Advanced. (line 56) +* d (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 49) +* DEL (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 15) +* Directory node: Add. (line 31) * f (Info mode): Help-Xref. (line 12) -* format of node headers: Add. (line 31) -* g (Info mode): Advanced. (line 11) -* go to a node by name: Advanced. (line 11) -* go to another Info file: Advanced. (line 20) -* go to Directory node: Help-Int. (line 42) -* go to Top node: Help-Int. (line 52) -* going back in Info mode: Help-Int. (line 25) -* header of Info node: Help. (line 16) -* i (Info mode): Info Search. (line 16) -* Info document as a reference: Info Search. (line 6) -* Info documents as tutorials: Help-^L. (line 38) +* format of node headers: Add. (line 24) +* g (Info mode): Go to node. (line 6) +* go to a node by name: Go to node. (line 6) +* go to another Info file: Go to node. (line 15) +* go to Directory node: Help-Int. (line 49) +* go to Top node: Help-Int. (line 59) +* going back in Info history: Help-Int. (line 26) +* going forward in Info history: Help-Int. (line 41) +* header of Info node: Help. (line 17) +* history list of visited nodes: Help-Int. (line 45) +* i (Info mode): Search Index. (line 6) +* index-apropos: Search Index. (line 37) +* Info document as a reference: Search Text. (line 6) +* Info documents as tutorials: Help-^L. (line 37) * Info menus: Help-M. (line 6) * Info-additional-directory-list: Emacs Info Variables. (line 24) -* info-apropos: Info Search. (line 50) -* Info-directory: Help-Int. (line 42) +* info-apropos: Search Index. (line 37) +* Info-directory: Help-Int. (line 49) * Info-directory-list: Emacs Info Variables. (line 13) -* Info-edit: Advanced. (line 56) * Info-enable-active-nodes: Emacs Info Variables. - (line 62) -* Info-enable-edit: Emacs Info Variables. - (line 70) + (line 72) * Info-exit: Help-Q. (line 6) * Info-follow-reference: Help-Xref. (line 12) -* Info-fontify: Emacs Info Variables. - (line 29) -* Info-goto-node: Advanced. (line 11) +* Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size: Emacs Info Variables. + (line 39) +* Info-fontify-visited-nodes: Emacs Info Variables. + (line 42) +* Info-goto-node: Go to node. (line 6) * Info-hide-note-references: Emacs Info Variables. - (line 44) -* Info-index: Info Search. (line 16) -* Info-last: Help-Int. (line 25) + (line 51) +* Info-history: Help-Int. (line 45) +* Info-history-back: Help-Int. (line 26) +* Info-history-forward: Help-Int. (line 41) +* Info-index: Search Index. (line 6) +* Info-isearch-search: Emacs Info Variables. + (line 69) * Info-menu: Help-M. (line 85) -* Info-mouse-follow-nearest-node: Help-M. (line 169) -* Info-nth-menu-item: Advanced. (line 33) -* Info-scroll-down: Help-^L. (line 16) +* Info-mode-hook: Emacs Info Variables. + (line 29) +* Info-mouse-follow-nearest-node: Help-M. (line 171) +* Info-nth-menu-item: Choose menu subtopic. + (line 6) +* Info-scroll-down: Help-^L. (line 15) * Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes: Emacs Info Variables. - (line 52) -* Info-scroll-up: Help-^L. (line 16) -* Info-search: Info Search. (line 55) -* Info-summary: Help-^L. (line 79) + (line 59) +* Info-scroll-up: Help-^L. (line 15) +* Info-search: Search Text. (line 16) +* Info-summary: Help-^L. (line 74) * Info-tagify: Tags. (line 11) -* Info-top-node: Help-Int. (line 52) +* Info-top-node: Help-Int. (line 59) * Info-up: Help-FOO. (line 13) * Info-use-header-line: Emacs Info Variables. - (line 39) + (line 46) * Info-validate: Checking. (line 17) * invisible text in Emacs: Help-Inv. (line 10) -* l (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 25) +* isearch: Search Text. (line 32) +* L (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 45) +* l (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 26) * m (Info mode): Help-M. (line 62) -* M-n (Info mode): Advanced. (line 68) -* M-s (Info mode): Info Search. (line 67) +* M-n (Info mode): Create Info buffer. (line 6) +* M-s (Info mode): Search Text. (line 28) * menu and menu entry format: Menus. (line 10) * menus in an Info document: Help-M. (line 6) -* mouse support in Info mode: Help-M. (line 153) -* Mouse-2 (Info mode): Help-M. (line 153) -* multiple Info buffers: Advanced. (line 68) +* mouse support in Info mode: Help-M. (line 155) +* Mouse-2 (Info mode): Help-M. (line 155) +* multiple Info buffers: Create Info buffer. (line 6) * n (Info mode): Help. (line 28) -* node delimiters: Add. (line 19) -* node header line format: Add. (line 31) -* node name format: Add. (line 38) -* node, in Info documents: Help. (line 11) +* node delimiters: Add. (line 12) +* node header line format: Add. (line 24) +* node name format: Add. (line 31) +* node, in Info documents: Help. (line 12) * p (Info mode): Help-P. (line 6) -* PAGEDOWN (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 53) -* PAGEUP (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 53) +* PAGEDOWN (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 52) +* PAGEUP (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 52) * q (Info mode): Help-Q. (line 6) * quitting Info mode: Help-Q. (line 6) -* reading Info documents top to bottom: Help-^L. (line 38) -* s (Info mode): Info Search. (line 55) -* searching Info documents: Info Search. (line 6) -* select N'th menu item: Advanced. (line 33) +* r (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 41) +* reading Info documents top to bottom: Help-^L. (line 37) +* s (Info mode): Search Text. (line 16) +* searching Info documents: Search Text. (line 6) +* searching Info indices: Search Index. (line 6) +* select N'th menu item: Choose menu subtopic. + (line 6) * small screen, moving around: Help-Small-Screen. (line 6) -* SPC (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 16) +* SPC (Info mode): Help-^L. (line 15) * stale tags tables: Tags. (line 16) -* t (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 52) -* tags tables in info files: Tags. (line 6) +* t (Info mode): Help-Int. (line 59) +* tags tables in Info files: Tags. (line 6) * u (Info mode): Help-FOO. (line 13) -* unstructured documents: Add. (line 52) +* unstructured documents: Add. (line 45) * update Info tags table: Tags. (line 16) * visible-mode: Help-Inv. (line 17) Tag Table: -Node: Top1407 -Node: Getting Started2269 -Node: Help-Small-Screen3130 -Node: Help4970 -Node: Help-P6628 -Node: Help-^L7832 -Ref: Help-^L-Footnote-112609 -Node: Help-Inv12981 -Node: Help-]14661 -Node: Help-M16222 -Node: Help-FOO24654 -Node: Help-Xref25648 -Node: Help-Int29790 -Node: Expert Info32684 -Node: Advanced33987 -Node: Info Search37504 -Node: Add41282 -Ref: Add-Footnote-144669 -Node: Menus44921 -Node: Cross-refs47788 -Node: Help-Cross48564 -Node: Help-Q49232 -Node: Tags50390 -Node: Checking51903 -Node: Emacs Info Variables52858 -Node: Creating an Info File56360 -Node: Index57045 +Node: Top1450 +Node: Getting Started2534 +Node: Help-Small-Screen3392 +Node: Help5351 +Node: Help-P7004 +Node: Help-^L8212 +Ref: Help-^L-Footnote-112748 +Node: Help-Inv13121 +Node: Help-]14805 +Node: Help-M16370 +Node: Help-FOO24928 +Node: Help-Xref25893 +Node: Help-Int29470 +Node: Help-Q32480 +Node: Advanced33638 +Node: Search Text34851 +Node: Search Index36855 +Node: Go to node39074 +Node: Choose menu subtopic40101 +Node: Create Info buffer41288 +Node: Emacs Info Variables42375 +Node: Expert Info46162 +Node: Add47516 +Ref: Add-Footnote-150518 +Node: Menus50771 +Node: Cross-refs53663 +Node: Help-Cross54439 +Node: Tags55108 +Node: Checking56624 +Node: Index57551 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/kpathsea.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/kpathsea.info index 11b984ebd45..52e8fdc336f 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/kpathsea.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/kpathsea.info @@ -1,21 +1,10 @@ -This is kpathsea.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from +This is kpathsea.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from kpathsea.texi. -INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* Kpathsea: (kpathsea). File lookup along search paths. -* kpsewhich: (kpathsea)Invoking kpsewhich. TeX file searching. -* mktexmf: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. MF source generation. -* mktexpk: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. PK bitmap generation. -* mktextex: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. TeX source generation. -* mktextfm: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. TeX font metric generation. -* mktexlsr: (kpathsea)Filename database. Update ls-R. -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - - This file documents the Kpathsea library for path searching. +This file documents the Kpathsea library for path searching. Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, -2005, 2007 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber. +2005, 2007, 2008 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are @@ -31,6 +20,18 @@ manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. +INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Kpathsea: (kpathsea). File lookup along search paths. +* kpsewhich: (kpathsea)Invoking kpsewhich. TeX file searching. +* mktexfmt: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. Format (fmt/base/mem) generation. +* mktexlsr: (kpathsea)Filename database. Update ls-R. +* mktexmf: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. MF source generation. +* mktexpk: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. PK bitmap generation. +* mktextex: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. TeX source generation. +* mktextfm: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. TeX font metric generation. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + File: kpathsea.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) @@ -38,8 +39,8 @@ Kpathsea library **************** This manual documents how to install and use the Kpathsea library for -filename lookup. It corresponds to version 3.5.6, released in -January 2007. +filename lookup. It corresponds to version 3.5.7, released in +July 2008. * Menu: @@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Installation, Prev: Top, Up: 1 Introduction ************** -This manual corresponds to version 3.5.6 of the Kpathsea library, -released in January 2007. +This manual corresponds to version 3.5.7 of the Kpathsea library, +released in July 2008. The library's fundamental purpose is to return a filename from a list of directories specified by the user, similar to what shells do @@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: Installation, Next: Path searching, Prev: Introduc (A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file `kpathsea/INSTALL'.) The procedure for Kpathsea (and Web2c, etc.) configuration and -installation follows. If you encounter trouble, see *Note Common +installation follows. If you encounter trouble, see *note Common problems::, a copy of which is in the file `kpathsea/BUGS'. * Menu: @@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: Simple installation, Next: Custom installation, Up Installing TeX and friends for the first time can be a daunting experience. Thus, you may prefer to skip this whole thing and just get -precompiled executables: see *Note unixtex.ftp::. +precompiled executables: see *note unixtex.ftp::. This section explains what to do if you wish to take the defaults for everything, and generally to install in the simplest possible way. Most @@ -268,13 +269,13 @@ everything is to be installed. 8. Set up a cron job to rebuild the filename database that makes searching faster. This line will rebuild it every midnight: 0 0 * * * cd /usr/local/share/texmf && /BINDIR/mktexlsr - *Note Filename database generation::, and *Note Filename + *Note Filename database generation::, and *note Filename database::. 9. If you're installing Dvips, you also need to set up configuration files for your printers and make any additional PostScript fonts available. *Note Installation: (dvips)Installation. If you have - any color printers, see *Note Color device configuration: + any color printers, see *note Color device configuration: (dvips)Color device configuration. 10. The first time you run a DVI driver, a bunch of PK fonts will be @@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ everything is to be installed. By default, `mktexpk' will create these fonts in a hierarchy under `/var/tmp/texfonts'; it simply assumes that `/var/tmp' exists and is globally writable. If you need a different arrangement, see - *Note mktex configuration::. + *note mktex configuration::. *Note mktex scripts::. @@ -562,14 +563,14 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: configure options, Next: configure environment, Pr ........................... For a complete list of all `configure' options, run `configure --help' -or see *Note Running `configure' scripts: (autoconf)Invoking configure, +or see *note Running `configure' scripts: (autoconf)Invoking configure, (a copy is in the file `kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE'). The generic options are listed first in the `--help' output, and the package-specific options come last. The environment variables `configure' pays attention to are listed below. Options particularly likely to be useful are `--prefix', -`--datadir', and the like; see *Note configure scenarios::. +`--datadir', and the like; see *note configure scenarios::. This section gives pointers to descriptions of the `--with' and `--enable' options to `configure' that Kpathsea-using programs accept. @@ -674,7 +675,7 @@ Here are some common installation scenarios: * To compile with optimization (to compile without debugging, remove the `-g'): env CFLAGS="-g -O" sh configure ... - For a potential problem if you optimize, see *Note TeX or Metafont + For a potential problem if you optimize, see *note TeX or Metafont failing: TeX or Metafont failing. @@ -699,12 +700,6 @@ IRIX or Linux, use `-rpath${prefix}/lib'. (Unfortunately, making this happen by default is very difficult, because of interactions with an existing installed shared library.) - Currently, shared library support is implemented only on Linux, -SunOS 4 (Solaris 1), SunOS 5 (Solaris 2), IRIX 5, and IRIX 6. If you're -interested and willing in adding support for other systems, please see -the `configure' mode in the `klibtool' script, especially the -host-specific case statement around line 250. - File: kpathsea.info, Node: Running make, Next: Installing files, Prev: Running configure, Up: Custom installation @@ -854,11 +849,18 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: mktex scripts, Next: Installation testing, Prev: F If Kpathsea cannot otherwise find a file, for some file types it is configured by default to invoke an external program to create it -dynamically (*note mktex configuration::). This is most useful for -fonts (bitmaps, TFM's, and arbitrarily-sizable Metafont sources such as -the Sauter and EC fonts), since any given document can use fonts never -before referenced. Trying to build all fonts in advance is therefore -impractical, if not impossible. +dynamically (*note mktex configuration::). These are collectively +known as "`mktex' scripts", since most of them are named `mktex...'. + + For example, this is useful for fonts (bitmaps, TFM's, and +arbitrarily-sizable Metafont sources such as the Sauter and EC fonts), +since any given document can use fonts never before referenced. +Building all fonts in advance is therefore impractical, if not +impossible. + + It is also useful for the TeX `.fmt' (and Metafont `.base' and +Metapost `.mem' files, *note Memory dumps: (Web2c)Memory dumps.), where +pre-generating every format consumes a lot of both time and space. The script is passed the name of the file to create and possibly other arguments, as explained below. It must echo the full pathname of @@ -867,9 +869,9 @@ diagnostics to standard error. * Menu: -* mktex configuration:: -* mktex script names:: -* mktex script arguments:: +* config: mktex configuration. +* names: mktex script names. +* args: mktex script arguments. File: kpathsea.info, Node: mktex configuration, Next: mktex script names, Up: mktex scripts @@ -877,15 +879,16 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: mktex configuration, Next: mktex script names, Up: 2.2.9.1 `mktex' configuration ............................. -The following file types can run an external program to create missing -files: `pk', `tfm', `mf', `tex'; the scripts are named `mktexpk', -`mktextfm', `mktexmf', and `mktextex'. - - In the absence of `configure' options specifying otherwise, -everything but `mktextex' will be enabled by default. The `configure' -options to change the defaults are: +The list of file types and program names that can run an external +program to create missing files is listed in the next section. In the +absence of `configure' options specifying otherwise, everything but +`mktextex' will be enabled by default. The `configure' options to +change the defaults are: + --without-mktexfmt-default --without-mktexmf-default + --without-mktexocp-default + --without-mktexofm-default --without-mktexpk-default --without-mktextfm-default --with-mktextex-default @@ -894,6 +897,11 @@ options to change the defaults are: configuration file value named for the script is set; e.g., `MKTEXPK' (*note mktex script arguments::). + `mktexfmt' reads a file `fmtutil.cnf', typically located in +`texmf/web2c/' to glean its configuration information. The rest of the +files and features in this section are primarily intended for the font +generation scripts. + As distributed, all the scripts source a file `texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf' if it exists, so you can override various defaults. See `mktex.opt', for instance, which defines the default @@ -907,6 +915,7 @@ installed anywhere). In addition, you can configure a number of features with the `MT_FEATURES' variable, which you can define: + * in `mktex.opt', as just mentioned; * by editing the file `mktex.opt', either before `make install' (in @@ -1003,24 +1012,34 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: mktex script names, Next: mktex script arguments, 2.2.9.2 `mktex' script names ............................ -The following table shows the default name of the script for each -possible file types. (The source is the variable `kpse_make_specs' in -`kpathsea/tex-make.c'.) +The following table shows the default name of the script for each of +the file types which support runtime generation. + +`mktexfmt' + (`.fmt', `.base', `.mem') TeX/Metafont/MetaPost formats. This + script is also named `fmtutil', and reads `fmtutil.cnf' for + configuration information. + +`mktexmf' + (`.mf') Metafont input files. + +`mkocp' + (`.ocp') Omega compiled process files. + +`mkofm' + (`.ofm') Omega font metric files. `mktexpk' - Glyph fonts. + (`pk') Glyph fonts. `mktextex' - TeX input files. - -`mktexmf' - Metafont input files. + (`.tex') TeX input files (disabled by default). `mktextfm' - TFM files. + (`.tfm') TFM files. -These names are overridden by an environment variable specific to the -program--for example, `DVIPSMAKEPK' for Dvipsk. +These names can be overridden by an environment variable specific to +the program--for example, `DVIPSMAKEPK' for Dvipsk. If a `mktex...' script fails, the invocation is appended to a file `missfont.log' (by default) in the current directory. You can then @@ -1070,7 +1089,7 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: Installation testing, Prev: mktex scripts, Up: Cus 2.2.10 Installation testing --------------------------- -Besides the tests listed in *Note Simple installation::, you can try +Besides the tests listed in *note Simple installation::, you can try running `make check'. This includes the torture tests (trip, trap, and mptrap) that come with Web2c (*note Triptrap: (web2c)Triptrap.). @@ -1092,8 +1111,8 @@ closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so desire in the same issue. Dvips, Xdvi, and TeX can also execute shell commands under some -circumstances. To disable this, see the `-R' option in *Note Option -details: (dvips)Option details, the xdvi man page, and *Note tex +circumstances. To disable this, see the `-R' option in *note Option +details: (dvips)Option details, the xdvi man page, and *note tex invocation: (web2c)tex invocation, respectively. Another security issue arises because it's very useful--almost @@ -1147,7 +1166,7 @@ mirrors. The TDS document is available from `CTAN:/tex-archive/tds' paths::). One common desire is to put everything (binaries and all) under a single top-level directory such as `/usr/local/texmf' or `/opt/texmf'--in the terms used below, make PREFIX and TEXMF the same. -For specific instructions on doing that, see *Note configure +For specific instructions on doing that, see *note configure scenarios::. Here is a skeleton of the default directory structure, extracted from @@ -1254,7 +1273,7 @@ information and the membership registration form, and `http://www.tug.org/usergroups.html' for a listing of all user groups. For actual installation instructions after obtaining the necessary -sources, see *Note Installation::. A copy is in the distribution file +sources, see *note Installation::. A copy is in the distribution file `kpathsea/INSTALL'. * Menu: @@ -1422,8 +1441,7 @@ Before reporting a bug, please check below to be sure it isn't already known (*note Common problems::). Bug reports should be sent via electronic mail to -<tex-k@mail.tug.org>, or by postal mail to 135 Center Hill Road / -Plymouth, MA 02360 / USA. +<tex-k@mail.tug.org>. The general principle is that a good bug report includes all the information necessary for reproduction. Therefore, to enable @@ -1469,12 +1487,6 @@ investigation, your report should include the following: files are helpful, but the DVI file is necessary, because that's the actual program input. - GNU `shar', available from `ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu' is a - convenient way of packaging multiple (possibly binary) files for - electronic mail. If you feel your input files are too big to send - by email, you can ftp them to `ftp://ftp.tug.org/incoming' (that - directory is writable, but not readable). - * If you are sending a patch (do so if you can!), please do so in the form of a context diff (`diff -c') against the original distribution source. Any other form of diff is either not as @@ -1674,6 +1686,14 @@ The second word is the filename. Only filenames that are absolute are recorded, to preserve some semblance of privacy. + In addition to this Kpathsea-specific logging, `pdftex' provides an +option `-recorder' to write the names of all files accessed during a +run to the file `BASEFILE.fls'. + + Finally, most systems provide a general tool to output each system +call, thus including opening and closing files. It might be named +`strace', `truss', `struss', or something else. + File: kpathsea.info, Node: Common problems, Prev: Logging, Up: Reporting bugs @@ -1854,7 +1874,7 @@ to run the program under the debugger and see where it's failing. Also, if you have trouble with a system C compiler, I advise trying the GNU C compiler. And vice versa, unfortunately; but in that case I -also recommend reporting a bug to the GCC mailing list; see *Note Bugs: +also recommend reporting a bug to the GCC mailing list; see *note Bugs: (gcc)Bugs. To report compiler bugs effectively requires perseverance and @@ -1970,7 +1990,7 @@ There are several fixes: * Statically link the `Xmu' library into the executable. - * Avoid using `Xmu' at all. If you are compiling Metafont, see *Note + * Avoid using `Xmu' at all. If you are compiling Metafont, see *note Online Metafont graphics: (web2c)Online Metafont graphics. If you are compiling Xdvi, see the `-DNOTOOL' option in `xdvik/INSTALL'. @@ -2055,10 +2075,10 @@ same directory, the directory in which a file is found is floated to the top of the directory list.) The "file must exist" condition comes into play with VF files and -input files read by the TeX `\openin' command. These files may not -exist (consider `cmr10.vf'), and so it would be wrong to search the -disk for them. Therefore, if you fail to update `ls-R' when you -install a new VF file, it will never be found. +input files read by the TeX `\openin' command. These files might very +well not exist (consider `cmr10.vf'), and so it would be wrong to +search the disk for them. Therefore, if you fail to update `ls-R' when +you install a new VF file, it will not be found. Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops and the result is @@ -2081,15 +2101,15 @@ absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with `/' or `./' or Ordinarily, if Kpathsea tries to access a file or directory that cannot be read, it gives a warning. This is so you will be alerted to -directories or files that accidentally lack read permission (for -example, a `lost+found'). If you prefer not to see these warnings, -include the value `readable' in the `TEX_HUSH' environment variable or -config file value. +directories or files that accidentally lack any read permission (for +example, a `lost+found' directory). If you prefer not to see these +warnings, include the value `readable' in the `TEX_HUSH' environment +variable or config file value. This generic path searching algorithm is implemented in `kpathsea/pathsearch.c'. It is employed by a higher-level algorithm when searching for a file of a particular type (*note File lookup::, -and *Note Glyph lookup::). +and *note Glyph lookup::). File: kpathsea.info, Node: Path sources, Next: Path expansion, Prev: Searching overview, Up: Path searching @@ -2141,6 +2161,11 @@ the first one found; definitions in earlier files override those in later files. Thus, if the search path is `.:$TEXMF', values from `./texmf.cnf' override those from `$TEXMF/texmf.cnf'. + If Kpathsea cannot find any `texmf.cnf' file, it reports a warning +including all the directories it checked. If you don't want to see +this warning, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_WARNING' to the +single character `0' (zero, not oh). + While (or instead of) reading this description, you may find it helpful to look at the distributed `texmf.cnf', which uses or at least mentions most features. The format of `texmf.cnf' files follows: @@ -2315,7 +2340,8 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: Tilde expansion, Next: Brace expansion, Prev: Vari --------------------- A leading `~' in a path element is replaced by the value of the -environment variable `HOME', or `.' if `HOME' is not set. +environment variable `HOME', or `.' if `HOME' is not set. On Windows, +the environment variable `USERPROFILE' is checked instead of `HOME'. A leading `~USER' in a path element is replaced by USER's home directory from the system `passwd' database. @@ -2374,7 +2400,7 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: KPSE_DOT expansion, Next: Subdirectory expansion, When `KPSE_DOT' is defined in the environment, it names a directory that should be considered the current directory for the purpose of looking up files in the search paths. This feature is needed by the -`mktex...' scripts *Note mktex scripts::, because these change the +`mktex...' scripts *note mktex scripts::, because these change the working directory. You should not ever define it yourself. @@ -2435,16 +2461,13 @@ File: kpathsea.info, Node: Filename database, Next: Invoking kpsewhich, Prev: ============================== Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches -(*note Subdirectory expansion::). Nevertheless, at installations with -enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file -can take an excessively long time (depending on the speed of the disk, -whether it's NFS-mounted, how patient you are, etc.). +(*note Subdirectory expansion::). Nevertheless, in practice searching +each possible directory in typical TeX installations takes an +excessively long time. - In practice, a font tree containing the standard PostScript and PCL -fonts is large enough for searching to be noticeably slow on typical -systems these days. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built -"database" file named `ls-R' that maps files to directories, thus -avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk. + Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built "filename database" +file named `ls-R' that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the +need to exhaustively search the disk. A second database file `aliases' allows you to give additional names to the files listed in `ls-R'. This can be helpful to adapt to "8.3" @@ -2485,7 +2508,7 @@ below). GNU `ls', for example, outputs in this format. Also presuming your `ls' hasn't been aliased in a system file (e.g., `/etc/profile') to something problematic, e.g., `ls --color=tty'. In that case, you will have to disable the alias before generating `ls-R'. For the -precise definition of the file format, see *Note Database format::. +precise definition of the file format, see *note Database format::. Regardless of whether you use the supplied script or your own, you will almost certainly want to invoke it via `cron', so when you make @@ -2613,23 +2636,26 @@ accepted. * Menu: * Path searching options:: Changing the mode, resolution, etc. +* Specially-recognized files:: Default formats for texmf.cnf, etc. * Auxiliary tasks:: Path and variable expansion. * Standard options:: --help and --version. -File: kpathsea.info, Node: Path searching options, Next: Auxiliary tasks, Up: Invoking kpsewhich +File: kpathsea.info, Node: Path searching options, Next: Specially-recognized files, Up: Invoking kpsewhich 3.5.1 Path searching options ---------------------------- Kpsewhich looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a -filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to -return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix -`find' utility for that, *note Invoking find: (findutils)Invoking -find.). +filename, and returns the first file found. Various options alter the path searching behavior: +`--all' + Report all matches found, one per line. By default, if there is + more than one match, just one will be reported (chosen effectively + at random). + `--dpi=NUM' Set the resolution to NUM; this only affects `gf' and `pk' lookups. `-D' is a synonym, for compatibility with Dvips. @@ -2640,6 +2666,17 @@ find.). engine name is used in some search paths to allow files with the same name but used by different engines to coexist. + In particular, since the memory dump files (`.fmt'/`.base'/`.mem') + are now stored in subdirectories named for the engine (`tex', + `pdftex', `xetex', etc.), you must specify an engine name in order + to find them. For example, `cont-en.fmt' typically exists for both + `pdftex' and `xetex'. With the default path settings, you can use + `--engine=/' to look for any dump file, regardless of engine; if a + dump file exists for more than one engine, it's indeterminate + which one is returned. (The `/' ends up specifying a normal + recursive search along the path where the dumps are stored, namely + `$TEXMF/web2c{/$engine,}'.) + `--format=NAME' Set the format for lookup to NAME. By default, the format is guessed from the filename, with `tex' being used if nothing else @@ -2735,17 +2772,129 @@ find.). usual expansions are supported (*note Path expansion::). This option and `--format' are mutually exclusive. To output the complete directory expansion of a path, instead of doing a - one-shot lookup, see `--expand-path' in the following section. + one-shot lookup, see `--expand-path' and `--show-path' in the + following section. `--progname=NAME' Set the program name to NAME; default is `kpsewhich'. This can affect the search paths via the `.PROGNAM' feature in configuration files (*note Config files::). +`--subdir=STRING' + Report only those matches whose directory part _ends_ with STRING + (compared literally, except case is ignored on a case-insensitive + operating system). For example, suppose there are two matches for + a given name: + + kpsewhich foo.sty + => /some/where/foo.sty + /another/place/foo.sty + + Then we can narrow the result to what we are interested in with + `--subdir': + + kpsewhich --subdir=where foo.sty + => /some/where/foo.sty + + kpsewhich --subdir=place foo.sty + => /another/place/foo.sty + + The string to match must be at the end of the directory part of the + match, and it is taken literally, with no pattern matching: + + kpsewhich --subdir=another foo.sty + => + + The string to match may cross directory components: + + kpsewhich --subdir=some/where foo.sty + => /some/where/foo.sty + + `--subdir' implies `--all'; if there is more than one match, they + will all be reported (in our example, both `where' and `place' end + in `e'): + + kpsewhich --subdir=e + => /some/where/foo.sty + /another/place/foo.sty + + Because of the above rules, the presence of a leading `/' is + important, since it "anchors" the match to a full component name: + + kpsewhich --subdir=/lace foo.sty + => + + However, a trailing `/' is immaterial (and ignored), since the + match always takes place at the end of the directory part: + + kpsewhich --subdir=lace/ foo.sty + => /another/place/foo.sty + + The purpose of these rules is to make it convenient to find results + only within a particular area of the tree. For instance, a given + script named `foo.lua' might exist within both + `texmf-dist/scripts/pkg1/' and `texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/'. By + specifying, say, `--subdir=/pkg1', you can be sure of getting the + one you are interested in. + + We only match at the end because a site might happen to install TeX + in `/some/coincidental/pkg1/path/', and we wouldn't want + `texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/' to match that when searching for + `/pkg1'. + + -File: kpathsea.info, Node: Auxiliary tasks, Next: Standard options, Prev: Path searching options, Up: Invoking kpsewhich +File: kpathsea.info, Node: Specially-recognized files, Next: Auxiliary tasks, Prev: Path searching options, Up: Invoking kpsewhich + +3.5.2 Specially-recognized files for `kpsewhich' +------------------------------------------------ + +`kpsewhich' recognizes a few special filenames on the command line and +defaults to using the `known' file formats for them, merely to save the +time and trouble of specifying the format. This is only a feature of +`kpsewhich'; when using the Kpathsea library itself, none of these +special filenames are recognized, and it's still up to the caller to +specify the desired format. + + Here is the list of special filenames to `kpsewhich', along with +their corresponding format: + +`config.ps' + `dvips config' + +`dvipdfmx.cfg' + `other text files' + +`fmtutil.cnf' + `web2c files' + +`glyphlist.txt' + `map' + +`mktex.cnf' + `web2c files' + +`pdfglyphlist.txt' + `map' + +`pdftex.cfg' + `pdftex config' (although `pdftex.cfg' is not used any more; look + for the file `pdftexconfig.tex' instead.) + +`texmf.cnf' + `cnf' -3.5.2 Auxiliary tasks + + A user-specified format will override the above defaults. + + Another useful configuration file in this regard is `tcfmgr.map', +found in `texmf/texconfig/tcfmgr.map', which records various +information about the above configuration files (among others). + + +File: kpathsea.info, Node: Auxiliary tasks, Next: Standard options, Prev: Specially-recognized files, Up: Invoking kpsewhich + +3.5.3 Auxiliary tasks --------------------- Kpsewhich provides some additional features not strictly related to path @@ -2754,21 +2903,26 @@ lookup: * `--debug=NUM' sets the debugging options to NUM. *Note Debugging::. - * `--var-value=VARIABLE' output the value of VARIABLE. + * `--var-value=VARIABLE' outputs the value of VARIABLE, expanding + `$' (*note Variable expansion:: and `~' (*note Tilde expansion::) + constructs, but not performing other expansions. * `--expand-braces=STRING' outputs the variable and brace expansion of STRING. *Note Path expansion::. - * `--expand-var=STRING' outputs the variable expansion of STRING. - For example, the `mktex...' scripts run `kpsewhich + * `--expand-var=STRING' outputs the variable and tilde expansion of + STRING. For example, the `mktex...' scripts run `kpsewhich --expand-var='$TEXMF'' to find the root of the TeX system hierarchy. *Note Path expansion::. - * `--expand-path=STRING' outputs the complete expansion of STRING as - a colon-separated path. This is useful to construct a search path - for a program that doesn't accept recursive subdirectory - specifications. Nonexistent directories are culled from the - output: + * `--expand-path=STRING' outputs the complete expansion of STRING, + with each element separated by the usual path separator on the + current system (`;' on Windows, `:' otherwise). This may be + useful to construct a custom search path for a format not + otherwise supported. To retrieve the search path for a format + that is already supported, see `--show-path', next. + + Nonexistent directories are culled from the output: $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/tmp' => /tmp @@ -2783,10 +2937,11 @@ lookup: `.vf', etc.) or an integer can be used, just as with `--format', described in the previous section. + File: kpathsea.info, Node: Standard options, Prev: Auxiliary tasks, Up: Invoking kpsewhich -3.5.3 Standard options +3.5.4 Standard options ---------------------- Kpsewhich accepts the standard GNU options: @@ -3066,23 +3221,34 @@ This section describes how Kpathsea searches for most files (bitmap font searches are the exception, as described in the next section). Here is the search strategy for a file NAME: + 1. If the file format defines default suffixes, and the suffix of NAME name is not already a known suffix for that format, try the - name with each default appended, and use alternative names found - in the fontmaps if necessary. We postpone searching the disk as - long as possible. Example: given `foo.sty', look for `foo.sty.tex' - before `foo.sty'. This is unfortunate, but allows us to find - `foo.bar.tex' before `foo.bar' if both exist and we were given - `foo.bar'. + name with each default appended, and use alternative names found in + the fontmaps if necessary. Example: given `foo.bar', look for + `foo.bar.tex'. 2. Search for NAME, and if necessary for alternative names found in - the fontmaps. Again we avoid searching the disk if possible. - Example: given `foo', we look for `foo'. + the fontmaps. Example: given `foo.bar', we also look for + `foo.bar'. 3. If the file format defines a program to invoke to create missing files, run it (*note mktex scripts::). - This is implemented in the routine `kpse_find_file' in + The order in which we search for "suffixed" name (item 1) or the +"as-is" name (item 2) is controlled by the `try_std_extension_first' +configuration value. The default set in `texmf.cnf' is true, since +common suffixes are already recognized: `babel.sty' will only look for +`babel.sty', not `babel.sty.tex', regardless of this setting. + + When the suffix is unknown (e.g., `foo.bar'), both names are always +tried; the difference is the order in which they are tried. + + `try_std_extension_first' only affects names being looked up which +*already* have an extension. A name without an extension (e.g., `tex +story') will always have an extension added first. + + This algorithm is implemented in the routine `kpse_find_file' in `kpathsea/tex-file.c'. You can watch it in action with the debugging options (*note Debugging::). @@ -3348,19 +3514,22 @@ this: `NULL', the value of the first argument is used. This function must be called before any other use of the Kpathsea library. - If necessary, `kpse_set_program_name' sets the global variables + `kpse_set_program_name' always sets the global variables `program_invocation_name' and `program_invocation_short_name'. These variables are used in the error message macros defined in `kpathsea/lib.h'. It sets the global variable `kpse_program_name' - to the program name it uses. It also initializes debugging - options based on the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' (if - that is set). Finally, it sets the variables `SELFAUTOLOC', - `SELFAUTODIR' and `SELFAUTOPARENT' to the location, parent and - grandparent directory of the executable, removing `.' and `..' - path elements and resolving symbolic links. These are used in the - default configuration file to allow people to invoke TeX from - anywhere, specifically from a mounted CD-ROM. (You can use - `--expand-var=\$SELFAUTOLOC', etc., to see the values finds.) + to the program name it uses. + + It also initializes debugging options based on the environment + variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' (if that is set). + + Finally, it sets the variables `SELFAUTOLOC', `SELFAUTODIR' and + `SELFAUTOPARENT' to the location, parent and grandparent directory + of the executable, removing `.' and `..' path elements and + resolving symbolic links. These are used in the default + configuration file to allow people to invoke TeX from anywhere. + You can use `kpsewhich --expand-var=\$SELFAUTOLOC', etc., to see + the values. 2. The `kpse_set_progname' is deprecated. A call to `kpse_set_progname' with `argv[0]' is equivalent to a call of @@ -3491,56 +3660,63 @@ Index * !! in path specifications: ls-R. (line 52) * $ expansion: Variable expansion. (line 6) +* --all: Path searching options. + (line 12) * --color=tty: ls-R. (line 21) * --debug=NUM: Auxiliary tasks. (line 9) * --disable-static: configure options. (line 31) * --dpi=NUM: Path searching options. - (line 15) + (line 17) * --enable options: configure options. (line 16) * --enable-maintainer-mode: configure options. (line 34) * --enable-shared <1>: Shared library. (line 6) * --enable-shared: configure options. (line 27) * --engine=NAME: Path searching options. - (line 20) -* --expand-braces=STRING: Auxiliary tasks. (line 14) -* --expand-path=STRING: Auxiliary tasks. (line 22) -* --expand-var=STRING: Auxiliary tasks. (line 17) + (line 22) +* --expand-braces=STRING: Auxiliary tasks. (line 16) +* --expand-path=STRING: Auxiliary tasks. (line 24) +* --expand-var=STRING: Auxiliary tasks. (line 19) * --format=NAME: Path searching options. - (line 25) + (line 38) * --help: Standard options. (line 8) * --interactive: Path searching options. - (line 93) + (line 106) * --mode=STRING: Path searching options. - (line 104) + (line 117) * --must-exist: Path searching options. - (line 109) + (line 122) * --path=STRING: Path searching options. - (line 114) + (line 127) * --progname=NAME: Path searching options. - (line 122) -* --show-path=NAME: Auxiliary tasks. (line 36) + (line 136) +* --show-path=NAME: Auxiliary tasks. (line 41) * --srcdir, for building multiple architectures: configure scenarios. (line 18) +* --subdir=STRING: Path searching options. + (line 141) * --var-value=VARIABLE: Auxiliary tasks. (line 12) * --version: Standard options. (line 10) * --with options: configure options. (line 16) -* --with-mktextex-default: mktex configuration. (line 14) -* --without-mktexmf-default: mktex configuration. (line 14) -* --without-mktexpk-default: mktex configuration. (line 14) -* --without-mktextfm-default: mktex configuration. (line 14) +* --with-mktextex-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) +* --without-mktexfmt-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) +* --without-mktexmf-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) +* --without-mktexocp-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) +* --without-mktexofm-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) +* --without-mktexpk-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) +* --without-mktextfm-default: mktex configuration. (line 12) * -1 debugging value: Debugging. (line 23) * -A option to ls: ls-R. (line 33) * -Bdynamic: ShellWidgetClass. (line 45) * -Bstatic: ShellWidgetClass. (line 45) * -D NUM: Path searching options. - (line 15) + (line 17) * -dynamic: ShellWidgetClass. (line 43) * -g, compiling without: configure scenarios. (line 32) * -L option to ls: ls-R. (line 38) * -mktex=FILETYPE: Path searching options. - (line 98) + (line 111) * -no-mktex=FILETYPE: Path searching options. - (line 98) + (line 111) * -O, compiling with: configure scenarios. (line 32) * -static: ShellWidgetClass. (line 43) * . directories, ignored: ls-R. (line 33) @@ -3622,21 +3798,21 @@ Index * .web: Supported file formats. (line 43) * / may not be /: Searching overview. (line 13) -* /, trailing in home directory: Tilde expansion. (line 18) +* /, trailing in home directory: Tilde expansion. (line 19) * //: Subdirectory expansion. (line 6) * /afs/... , installing into: Installing files. (line 32) * /etc/profile: Unable to find files. (line 14) * /etc/profile and aliases: ls-R. (line 21) -* /var/tmp/texfonts: mktex configuration. (line 107) +* /var/tmp/texfonts: mktex configuration. (line 114) * 2602gf: Unable to generate fonts. (line 36) -* 8.3 filenames, using: mktex configuration. (line 62) +* 8.3 filenames, using: mktex configuration. (line 69) * : may not be :: Searching overview. (line 13) * :: expansion: Default expansion. (line 6) * @VAR@ substitutions: Running configure. (line 6) -* \, line continuation in texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 26) +* \, line continuation in texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 31) * \openin: Searching overview. (line 31) * \special, suppressing warnings about: Suppressing warnings. (line 31) @@ -3653,6 +3829,8 @@ Index * aliases, for filenames: Filename aliases. (line 6) * all: Suppressing warnings. (line 13) +* all matches, finding: Path searching options. + (line 12) * alphabetical order, not: Subdirectory expansion. (line 6) * Amiga support: Custom installation. (line 19) @@ -3662,7 +3840,7 @@ Index * ANSI C: TeX or Metafont failing. (line 30) * append-only directories and mktexpk: Security. (line 36) -* appendonlydir: mktex configuration. (line 54) +* appendonlydir: mktex configuration. (line 61) * architecture-(in)dependent files, installing only: Installing files. (line 21) * architectures, compiling multiple: configure scenarios. (line 18) @@ -3670,7 +3848,7 @@ Index (line 6) * argv[0]: Calling sequence. (line 9) * ash, losing with configure: configure shells. (line 19) -* autoconf, recommended: Calling sequence. (line 90) +* autoconf, recommended: Calling sequence. (line 93) * automounter, and configuration: configure scenarios. (line 29) * automounter, and ls-R: ls-R. (line 40) * auxiliary tasks: Auxiliary tasks. (line 6) @@ -3680,7 +3858,7 @@ Index * Bach, Johann Sebastian: Default expansion. (line 41) * backbone of CTAN: Electronic distribution. (line 6) -* backslash-newline: Config files. (line 26) +* backslash-newline: Config files. (line 31) * bash, recommended for running configure: configure shells. (line 6) * basic glyph lookup: Basic glyph lookup. (line 6) * Berry, Karl: History. (line 12) @@ -3688,7 +3866,7 @@ Index (line 28) * binary mode, for file transfers: Electronic distribution. (line 20) -* blank lines, in texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 24) +* blank lines, in texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 29) * brace expansion: Brace expansion. (line 6) * BSD universe: Running make. (line 44) * bsh, ok with configure: configure shells. (line 14) @@ -3698,7 +3876,7 @@ Index * bug checklist: Bug checklist. (line 6) * bug mailing list: Mailing lists. (line 6) * bugs, reporting: Reporting bugs. (line 6) -* c-*.h: Calling sequence. (line 90) +* c-*.h: Calling sequence. (line 93) * c-auto.h: Programming overview. (line 25) * c-auto.in: Running configure. (line 6) @@ -3713,24 +3891,24 @@ Index * CD-ROM distributions: CD-ROM distribution. (line 6) * CFLAGS: configure environment. (line 14) -* ChangeLog entry: Bug checklist. (line 63) +* ChangeLog entry: Bug checklist. (line 56) * checklist for bug reports: Bug checklist. (line 6) * checksum: Suppressing warnings. (line 16) * circle fonts: Fontmap. (line 19) * clean Make target: Cleaning up. (line 15) -* client_path in kpse_format_info: Calling sequence. (line 45) +* client_path in kpse_format_info: Calling sequence. (line 48) * CMAPFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 36) * cmr10, as fallback font: Fallback font. (line 15) * cmr10.vf: Searching overview. (line 31) -* cnf.c: Config files. (line 75) +* cnf.c: Config files. (line 80) * cnf.h: Programming with config files. (line 23) * code sharing: Shared library. (line 9) * color printers, configuring: Simple installation. (line 60) * comments, in fontmap files: Fontmap. (line 28) -* comments, in texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 22) +* comments, in texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 27) * comments, making: Introduction. (line 27) * common features in glyph lookup: Basic glyph lookup. (line 6) * common problems: Common problems. (line 6) @@ -3751,33 +3929,35 @@ Index * conditions for use: Introduction. (line 31) * config files: Config files. (line 6) * config files, for Kpathsea-using programs: Calling sequence. - (line 45) + (line 48) * config files, programming with: Programming with config files. (line 6) * config.h: Programming overview. (line 25) -* config.log: Bug checklist. (line 29) +* config.log: Bug checklist. (line 28) +* config.ps: Specially-recognized files. + (line 16) * config.ps, search path for: Supported file formats. (line 47) -* config.status: Bug checklist. (line 32) +* config.status: Bug checklist. (line 31) * configuration: Installation. (line 6) -* configuration bugs: Bug checklist. (line 32) +* configuration bugs: Bug checklist. (line 31) * configuration compiler options: configure environment. (line 23) * configuration file, source for path: Path sources. (line 17) -* configuration files as shell scripts.: Config files. (line 67) +* configuration files as shell scripts.: Config files. (line 72) * configuration of mktex scripts: mktex configuration. (line 6) * configuration of optional features: configure options. (line 16) * configure error from sed: Empty Makefiles. (line 6) * configure options: configure options. (line 6) -* configure options for mktex scripts: mktex configuration. (line 14) +* configure options for mktex scripts: mktex configuration. (line 12) * configure, running: Running configure. (line 6) -* context diff: Bug checklist. (line 63) -* continuation character: Config files. (line 26) -* core dumps, reporting: Bug checklist. (line 69) +* context diff: Bug checklist. (line 56) +* continuation character: Config files. (line 31) +* core dumps, reporting: Bug checklist. (line 62) * CPPFLAGS: configure environment. (line 22) -* crashes, reporting: Bug checklist. (line 69) +* crashes, reporting: Bug checklist. (line 62) * CTAN, defined: Electronic distribution. (line 6) * CTAN.sites: Electronic distribution. @@ -3789,10 +3969,10 @@ Index * database, for filenames: Filename database. (line 6) * database, format of: Database format. (line 6) * debug.h: Debugging. (line 6) -* debugger: Bug checklist. (line 69) +* debugger: Bug checklist. (line 62) * debugging: Debugging. (line 6) * debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program: Calling sequence. - (line 37) + (line 40) * debugging output: Debugging. (line 27) * debugging with -g, disabling: configure scenarios. (line 32) * DEC shells and configure: configure shells. (line 25) @@ -3811,7 +3991,7 @@ Index (line 29) * directories, changing default installation: Default path generation. (line 6) -* directories, making append-only: mktex configuration. (line 55) +* directories, making append-only: mktex configuration. (line 62) * directory permissions: Security. (line 51) * directory structure, for TeX files: TeX directory structure. (line 6) @@ -3834,22 +4014,24 @@ Index * dlsym.c: dlopen. (line 21) * doc files: Supported file formats. (line 158) -* DOS compatible names: mktex configuration. (line 62) +* DOS compatible names: mktex configuration. (line 69) * DOS support: Custom installation. (line 19) * DOS TeX implementations: Other TeX packages. (line 6) -* dosnames: mktex configuration. (line 61) +* dosnames: mktex configuration. (line 68) * dot files: ls-R. (line 33) * doubled colons: Default expansion. (line 6) -* dpiNNN directories: mktex configuration. (line 62) +* dpiNNN directories: mktex configuration. (line 69) * DVI drivers: Kpathsea application distributions. (line 12) -* DVILJMAKEPK: mktex script names. (line 22) +* DVILJMAKEPK: mktex script names. (line 32) * DVILJSIZES: Fallback font. (line 6) +* dvipdfmx.cfg: Specially-recognized files. + (line 19) * DVIPSFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 227) * DVIPSHEADERS: Supported file formats. (line 184) -* DVIPSMAKEPK: mktex script names. (line 22) +* DVIPSMAKEPK: mktex script names. (line 32) * DVIPSSIZES: Fallback font. (line 6) * dynamic creation of files: mktex scripts. (line 6) * dynamic linking problems with OpenWin libraries: ShellWidgetClass. @@ -3863,7 +4045,7 @@ Index * ENCFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 51) * engine name: Path searching options. - (line 20) + (line 22) * environment variable, source for path: Path sources. (line 9) * environment variables for TeX: Supported file formats. (line 6) @@ -3874,7 +4056,7 @@ Index * error message macros: Calling sequence. (line 16) * excessive startup time: Slow path searching. (line 6) * expand.c: Brace expansion. (line 26) -* expanding symlinks: Calling sequence. (line 16) +* expanding symlinks: Calling sequence. (line 25) * expansion, default: Default expansion. (line 6) * expansion, path element: Searching overview. (line 43) * expansion, search path: Path expansion. (line 6) @@ -3883,10 +4065,11 @@ Index * expansion, tilde: Tilde expansion. (line 6) * expansion, variable: Variable expansion. (line 6) * explicitly relative filenames: Searching overview. (line 52) +* extensions, filename: File lookup. (line 24) * externally-built filename database: Filename database. (line 6) * extra colons: Default expansion. (line 6) * extraclean Make target: Cleaning up. (line 23) -* failed mktex... script invocation: mktex script names. (line 25) +* failed mktex... script invocation: mktex script names. (line 35) * fallback font: Fallback font. (line 6) * fallback resolutions: Fallback font. (line 6) * fallback resolutions, overriding: Running make. (line 10) @@ -3912,14 +4095,18 @@ Index (line 6) * filesystem search: Searching overview. (line 22) * floating directories: Searching overview. (line 22) +* fmtutil: mktex script names. (line 10) +* fmtutil.cnf: Specially-recognized files. + (line 22) +* fmtutils.cnf: mktex configuration. (line 24) * font alias files: Fontmap. (line 6) * font generation failures: Unable to generate fonts. (line 6) * font of last resort: Fallback font. (line 6) * font set, infinite: mktex scripts. (line 6) * fontmap files: Fontmap. (line 6) -* fontmaps: mktex configuration. (line 80) -* fontname: mktex configuration. (line 81) +* fontmaps: mktex configuration. (line 87) +* fontname: mktex configuration. (line 88) * fontnames, arbitrary length: Fontmap. (line 15) * fonts, being created: Simple installation. (line 79) * FOOINPUTS: Supported file formats. @@ -3936,7 +4123,7 @@ Index * fundamental purpose of Kpathsea: Introduction. (line 6) * gcc, compiling with: configure environment. (line 11) -* gdb, recommended: Bug checklist. (line 69) +* gdb, recommended: Bug checklist. (line 62) * generation of filename database: Filename database generation. (line 6) * get_applicationShellWidgetClass: ShellWidgetClass. (line 6) @@ -3950,13 +4137,15 @@ Index * glyph lookup bitmap tolerance: Basic glyph lookup. (line 15) * GLYPHFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 58) +* glyphlist.txt: Specially-recognized files. + (line 25) * GNU C compiler bugs: TeX or Metafont failing. (line 19) * GNU General Public License: Introduction. (line 31) * group-writable directories: Security. (line 40) * GSFTOPK_DEBUG (128): Debugging. (line 88) * hash table buckets, printing: Debugging. (line 105) -* hash table routines: Calling sequence. (line 83) +* hash table routines: Calling sequence. (line 86) * hash_summary_only variable for debugging: Debugging. (line 105) * help, mailing list for general TeX: Mailing lists. (line 29) * HIER: Default path features. @@ -3966,14 +4155,14 @@ Index * HOME, as ~ expansion: Tilde expansion. (line 6) * HP-UX, compiling on: TeX or Metafont failing. (line 30) -* identifiers, characters valid in: Config files. (line 36) +* identifiers, characters valid in: Config files. (line 41) * illegal pointer combination warnings: Pointer combination warnings. (line 6) * include fontmap directive: Fontmap. (line 33) * INDEXSTYLE: Supported file formats. (line 67) * info-tex@shsu.edu: Mailing lists. (line 29) -* input lines, reading: Calling sequence. (line 83) +* input lines, reading: Calling sequence. (line 86) * install-data Make target: Installing files. (line 28) * install-exec Make target: Installing files. (line 23) * installation: Installation. (line 6) @@ -3989,7 +4178,7 @@ Index * installation, simple: Simple installation. (line 6) * installing files: Installing files. (line 6) * interactive query: Path searching options. - (line 93) + (line 106) * interface, not frozen: Introduction. (line 27) * introduction: Introduction. (line 6) * kdebug:: Debugging. (line 105) @@ -4008,11 +4197,12 @@ Index * kpathsea/HIER: Default path features. (line 41) * kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE: Running configure. (line 15) -* KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Calling sequence. (line 16) +* KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Calling sequence. (line 22) * kpathsea_debug: Debugging. (line 18) * KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Debugging. (line 18) * kpathsea_debug: Debugging. (line 6) -* kpathsea_debug variable: Calling sequence. (line 37) +* kpathsea_debug variable: Calling sequence. (line 40) +* KPATHSEA_WARNING: Config files. (line 18) * KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE: Basic glyph lookup. (line 15) * kpse_cnf_get: Programming with config files. (line 23) @@ -4025,19 +4215,18 @@ Index * KPSE_DEBUG_VARS (64): Debugging. (line 83) * KPSE_DOT expansion: KPSE_DOT expansion. (line 6) * kpse_fallback_font: Fallback font. (line 15) -* kpse_find_*: Calling sequence. (line 60) -* kpse_find_file <1>: Calling sequence. (line 60) -* kpse_find_file: File lookup. (line 26) +* kpse_find_*: Calling sequence. (line 63) +* kpse_find_file <1>: Calling sequence. (line 63) +* kpse_find_file: File lookup. (line 37) * kpse_find_glyph_format: Glyph lookup. (line 26) -* kpse_format_info: Calling sequence. (line 45) +* kpse_format_info: Calling sequence. (line 48) * kpse_format_info_type: Debugging. (line 61) -* kpse_init_prog: Calling sequence. (line 51) +* kpse_init_prog: Calling sequence. (line 54) * kpse_init_prog, and MAKETEX_MODE: Default path features. (line 25) -* kpse_make_specs: mktex script names. (line 6) -* kpse_open_file: Calling sequence. (line 74) +* kpse_open_file: Calling sequence. (line 77) * kpse_program_name: Calling sequence. (line 16) -* kpse_set_progname: Calling sequence. (line 30) +* kpse_set_progname: Calling sequence. (line 33) * kpse_set_program_name: Calling sequence. (line 9) * kpse_var_value: Programming with config files. (line 10) @@ -4067,8 +4256,8 @@ Index * license for using the library: Introduction. (line 31) * LIGFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 71) -* lines, reading arbitrary-length: Calling sequence. (line 83) -* Linux File System Standard: mktex configuration. (line 107) +* lines, reading arbitrary-length: Calling sequence. (line 86) +* Linux File System Standard: mktex configuration. (line 114) * Linux shells and configure: configure shells. (line 19) * Linux, using Web2c: CD-ROM distribution. (line 16) * lndir for building symlink trees: configure scenarios. (line 18) @@ -4103,8 +4292,8 @@ Index * MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG (1024): Debugging. (line 100) * MAKETEX_MODE: Default path features. (line 19) -* memory allocation routines: Calling sequence. (line 83) -* metafont driver files: mktex configuration. (line 87) +* memory allocation routines: Calling sequence. (line 86) +* metafont driver files: mktex configuration. (line 94) * Metafont failures: TeX or Metafont failing. (line 6) * Metafont installation: Unable to generate fonts. @@ -4127,24 +4316,29 @@ Index (line 100) * mismatched checksum warnings: Suppressing warnings. (line 17) -* missfont.log: mktex script names. (line 25) -* MISSFONT_LOG: mktex script names. (line 30) +* missfont.log: mktex script names. (line 35) +* MISSFONT_LOG: mktex script names. (line 40) * missing character warnings: Suppressing warnings. (line 20) +* mkocp: mktex script names. (line 18) +* mkofm: mktex script names. (line 21) * mktex script configuration: mktex configuration. (line 6) * mktex script names: mktex script names. (line 6) * mktex scripts: mktex scripts. (line 6) -* mktex.cnf: mktex configuration. (line 23) -* mktex.opt: mktex configuration. (line 34) -* mktexdir: mktex configuration. (line 55) -* mktexmf: mktex script names. (line 17) -* mktexpk: mktex script names. (line 11) +* mktex.cnf <1>: Specially-recognized files. + (line 28) +* mktex.cnf: mktex configuration. (line 29) +* mktex.opt: mktex configuration. (line 29) +* mktexdir: mktex configuration. (line 62) +* mktexfmt: mktex script names. (line 10) +* mktexmf: mktex script names. (line 15) +* mktexpk: mktex script names. (line 24) * mktexpk , initial runs: Simple installation. (line 79) * mktexpk can't guess mode: Unable to generate fonts. (line 12) -* mktextex: mktex script names. (line 14) -* mktextfm: mktex script names. (line 20) -* mode directory, omitting: mktex configuration. (line 92) +* mktextex: mktex script names. (line 27) +* mktextfm: mktex script names. (line 30) +* mode directory, omitting: mktex configuration. (line 99) * Morgan, Tim: History. (line 12) * mostlyclean Make target: Cleaning up. (line 10) * MPINPUTS: Supported file formats. @@ -4155,7 +4349,7 @@ Index (line 108) * MPSUPPORT: Supported file formats. (line 84) -* MT_FEATURES: mktex configuration. (line 34) +* MT_FEATURES: mktex configuration. (line 40) * multiple architectures, compiling on: configure scenarios. (line 18) * multiple architectures, directories for: configure scenarios. (line 23) @@ -4173,14 +4367,14 @@ Index * NFS and ls-R: ls-R. (line 40) * NFS CTAN access: Electronic distribution. (line 17) -* nomfdrivers: mktex configuration. (line 86) -* nomode: mktex configuration. (line 91) +* nomfdrivers: mktex configuration. (line 93) +* nomode: mktex configuration. (line 98) * non-English typesetting: Kpathsea application distributions. (line 28) * non-Unix operating systems: Custom installation. (line 19) * none: Suppressing warnings. (line 23) -* null pointers, dereferencing: Bug checklist. (line 69) +* null pointers, dereferencing: Bug checklist. (line 62) * numeric debugging values: Debugging. (line 34) * obtaining TeX: unixtex.ftp. (line 6) * obtaining Web2c by ftp: Electronic distribution. @@ -4236,8 +4430,14 @@ Index (line 13) * PDF generation: Kpathsea application distributions. (line 16) +* pdfglyphlist.txt: Specially-recognized files. + (line 31) +* pdftex.cfg: Specially-recognized files. + (line 34) * PDFTEXCONFIG: Supported file formats. (line 136) +* pdftexconfig.tex: Specially-recognized files. + (line 34) * permission denied: Searching overview. (line 56) * permissions, directory: Security. (line 51) * permissions, file: Security. (line 47) @@ -4261,7 +4461,7 @@ Index * problems, common: Common problems. (line 6) * proginit.c: Default path features. (line 25) -* proginit.h: Calling sequence. (line 51) +* proginit.h: Calling sequence. (line 54) * program-varying paths: Supported file formats. (line 12) * program_invocation_name: Calling sequence. (line 16) @@ -4280,7 +4480,7 @@ Index * quoting variable values: Variable expansion. (line 17) * readable: Suppressing warnings. (line 26) -* reading arbitrary-length lines: Calling sequence. (line 83) +* reading arbitrary-length lines: Calling sequence. (line 86) * README.CONFIGURE: Running configure. (line 15) * README.mirrors: Electronic distribution. (line 13) @@ -4288,14 +4488,14 @@ Index * relative filenames: Searching overview. (line 52) * relative filenames in ls-R: Installing files. (line 40) * reporting bugs: Reporting bugs. (line 6) -* resident.c: Calling sequence. (line 45) +* resident.c: Calling sequence. (line 48) * resolution, setting: Path searching options. - (line 15) + (line 17) * resolutions, last-resort: Fallback font. (line 6) * retrieving TeX: unixtex.ftp. (line 6) -* right-hand side of variable assignments: Config files. (line 44) +* right-hand side of variable assignments: Config files. (line 49) * Rokicki, Tom: History. (line 12) -* root user: Tilde expansion. (line 18) +* root user: Tilde expansion. (line 19) * runtime configuration files: Config files. (line 6) * runtime debugging: Debugging. (line 6) * Sauter fonts, and dynamic source creation: mktex scripts. (line 6) @@ -4310,23 +4510,22 @@ Index * searching the disk: Searching overview. (line 22) * security considerations: Security. (line 6) * sed error from configure: Empty Makefiles. (line 6) -* SELFAUTODIR: Calling sequence. (line 16) -* SELFAUTOLOC: Calling sequence. (line 16) -* SELFAUTOPARENT: Calling sequence. (line 16) -* sending patches: Bug checklist. (line 63) +* SELFAUTODIR: Calling sequence. (line 25) +* SELFAUTOLOC: Calling sequence. (line 25) +* SELFAUTOPARENT: Calling sequence. (line 25) +* sending patches: Bug checklist. (line 56) * setgid scripts: Security. (line 40) * SFDFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 149) * sh5, ok with configure: configure shells. (line 25) -* shar, recommended: Bug checklist. (line 57) * shared library, making: Shared library. (line 6) -* shell scripts as configuration files: Config files. (line 67) +* shell scripts as configuration files: Config files. (line 72) * shell variables: Variable expansion. (line 17) * shell_escape, example for code: Programming with config files. (line 10) * shells and configure: configure shells. (line 6) * simple installation: Simple installation. (line 6) -* site overrides for mktex...: mktex configuration. (line 23) +* site overrides for mktex...: mktex configuration. (line 29) * size of distribution archives: Disk space. (line 6) * skeleton TeX directory: TeX directory structure. (line 6) @@ -4339,23 +4538,24 @@ Index (line 30) * st_nlink: Subdirectory expansion. (line 26) -* stack trace: Bug checklist. (line 69) +* stack trace: Bug checklist. (line 62) * standalone path searching: Invoking kpsewhich. (line 6) * standard error and debugging output: Debugging. (line 27) * standard options: Standard options. (line 6) * startup time, excessive: Slow path searching. (line 6) * static linking: ShellWidgetClass. (line 39) * static linking and dlsym: dlopen. (line 6) -* string routines: Calling sequence. (line 83) -* strip: mktex configuration. (line 101) -* stripsupplier: mktex configuration. (line 95) -* striptypeface: mktex configuration. (line 98) +* string routines: Calling sequence. (line 86) +* strip: mktex configuration. (line 108) +* stripsupplier: mktex configuration. (line 102) +* striptypeface: mktex configuration. (line 105) * subdirectory searching: Subdirectory expansion. (line 6) +* suffixes, filename: File lookup. (line 24) * suggestions, making: Introduction. (line 27) * Sun 2: History. (line 12) * Sun OpenWin patches: ShellWidgetClass. (line 29) -* supplier directory, omitting: mktex configuration. (line 96) +* supplier directory, omitting: mktex configuration. (line 103) * supported file formats: Supported file formats. (line 6) * suppressing warnings: Suppressing warnings. @@ -4365,7 +4565,7 @@ Index * symbolic links not found: Unable to find files. (line 21) * symbolic links, and ls-R: ls-R. (line 38) -* symlinks, resolving: Calling sequence. (line 16) +* symlinks, resolving: Calling sequence. (line 25) * system C compiler bugs: TeX or Metafont failing. (line 19) * system dependencies: Running configure. (line 6) @@ -4376,6 +4576,8 @@ Index (line 184) * T42FONTS: Supported file formats. (line 189) +* tcfmgr.map: Specially-recognized files. + (line 44) * TDS: TeX directory structure. (line 6) * testing, post-installation: Installation testing. @@ -4397,7 +4599,7 @@ Index * TeX support: TeX support. (line 6) * TeX Users Group: Introduction. (line 39) * tex-archive@math.utah.edu: Mailing lists. (line 25) -* tex-file.c: File lookup. (line 26) +* tex-file.c: File lookup. (line 37) * tex-file.h: Programming overview. (line 16) * tex-glyph.c: Glyph lookup. (line 26) @@ -4405,7 +4607,6 @@ Index (line 16) * tex-k-request@mail.tug.org: Mailing lists. (line 7) * tex-k@mail.tug.org (bug address): Reporting bugs. (line 8) -* tex-make.c: mktex script names. (line 6) * TEX_HUSH <1>: Suppressing warnings. (line 6) * TEX_HUSH: Searching overview. (line 56) @@ -4428,6 +4629,9 @@ Index (line 62) * TEXMF: TeX directory structure. (line 6) +* texmf.cnf: Specially-recognized files. + (line 38) +* texmf.cnf missing, warning about: Config files. (line 18) * texmf.cnf, and variable expansion: Variable expansion. (line 6) * texmf.cnf, creating: Running make. (line 6) * texmf.cnf, definition for: Config files. (line 6) @@ -4449,11 +4653,11 @@ Index * TEXMFINI: Supported file formats. (line 24) * TEXMFLOG: Logging. (line 10) -* TEXMFOUTPUT: mktex script names. (line 30) +* TEXMFOUTPUT: mktex script names. (line 40) * TEXMFSCRIPTS: Supported file formats. (line 164) -* TEXMFVAR: mktex configuration. (line 117) -* texmfvar: mktex configuration. (line 116) +* TEXMFVAR: mktex configuration. (line 124) +* texmfvar: mktex configuration. (line 123) * TEXPICTS: Supported file formats. (line 62) * TEXPKS: Supported file formats. @@ -4468,29 +4672,30 @@ Index * TFMFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 172) * tilde expansion: Tilde expansion. (line 6) -* tilde.c: Tilde expansion. (line 24) +* tilde.c: Tilde expansion. (line 25) * time system call: Logging. (line 15) * tolerance for glyph lookup: Basic glyph lookup. (line 15) * total disk space: Disk space. (line 6) -* trailing / in home directory: Tilde expansion. (line 18) +* trailing / in home directory: Tilde expansion. (line 19) * trailing colons: Default expansion. (line 6) * TRFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 177) * trick for detecting leaf directories: Subdirectory expansion. (line 22) * trojan horse attack: Security. (line 10) +* try_std_extension_first: File lookup. (line 24) * TTFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 181) * tug.org: unixtex.ftp. (line 6) * tug@tug.org: Introduction. (line 46) -* typeface directory, omitting: mktex configuration. (line 99) +* typeface directory, omitting: mktex configuration. (line 106) * ucbinclude, avoiding: Running make. (line 44) * Ultrix shells and configure: configure shells. (line 25) * unable to find files: Unable to find files. (line 6) * unable to generate fonts: Unable to generate fonts. (line 6) -* uname: Bug checklist. (line 22) +* uname: Bug checklist. (line 21) * universe, BSD vs. system V: Running make. (line 44) * UNIX_ST_LINK: Subdirectory expansion. (line 38) @@ -4502,19 +4707,20 @@ Index * unreadable files: Searching overview. (line 56) * unusable ls-R warning: ls-R. (line 45) * usage patterns, finding: Logging. (line 6) -* USE_TEXMFVAR: mktex configuration. (line 122) -* USE_VARTEXFONTS: mktex configuration. (line 112) +* USE_TEXMFVAR: mktex configuration. (line 129) +* USE_VARTEXFONTS: mktex configuration. (line 119) * Usenet TeX newsgroup: Mailing lists. (line 29) -* varfonts: mktex configuration. (line 106) +* USERPROFILE, as ~ expansion: Tilde expansion. (line 6) +* varfonts: mktex configuration. (line 113) * variable expansion: Variable expansion. (line 6) * variable.c: Variable expansion. (line 32) * variable.h: Programming with config files. (line 10) -* VARTEXFONTS: mktex configuration. (line 107) +* VARTEXFONTS: mktex configuration. (line 114) * VAX 11/750: History. (line 12) * version number, of Kpathsea: Kpathsea application distributions. (line 6) -* version numbers, determining: Bug checklist. (line 17) +* version numbers, determining: Bug checklist. (line 16) * VF files, not found: Searching overview. (line 31) * VFFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 192) @@ -4523,6 +4729,7 @@ Index * Vojta, Paul: History. (line 30) * Walsh, Norman: History. (line 57) * warning about unusable ls-R: ls-R. (line 45) +* warning, about missing texmf.cnf: Config files. (line 18) * warnings, file access: Searching overview. (line 56) * warnings, pointer combinations: Pointer combination warnings. (line 6) @@ -4536,7 +4743,7 @@ Index (line 196) * whitespace, in fontmap files: Fontmap. (line 28) * whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines: Config files. - (line 26) + (line 31) * Windows TeX implementations: Other TeX packages. (line 6) * World Wide Web CTAN access: Electronic distribution. (line 17) @@ -4550,7 +4757,7 @@ Index * XDEFS: Running make. (line 23) * XDVIFONTS: Supported file formats. (line 227) -* XDVIMAKEPK: mktex script names. (line 22) +* XDVIMAKEPK: mktex script names. (line 32) * XDVISIZES: Fallback font. (line 6) * XLDFLAGS: Running make. (line 29) * XLOADLIBES: Running make. (line 32) @@ -4564,85 +4771,86 @@ Index Tag Table: -Node: Top1468 -Node: Introduction2114 -Node: History4093 -Node: Installation8185 -Node: Simple installation8975 -Node: Custom installation12558 -Node: Disk space13732 -Node: Kpathsea application distributions14616 -Node: Changing search paths15731 -Node: Default path features16913 -Node: Default path generation19049 -Node: Running configure20492 -Node: configure shells21543 -Node: configure options22595 -Node: configure environment24102 -Node: configure scenarios25904 -Node: Shared library27490 -Node: Running make28824 -Node: Installing files30871 -Node: Cleaning up32818 -Node: Filename database generation33866 -Node: mktex scripts34433 -Node: mktex configuration35390 -Node: mktex script names40934 -Node: mktex script arguments42032 -Node: Installation testing42922 -Node: Security43286 -Node: TeX directory structure45853 -Node: unixtex.ftp50275 -Node: Electronic distribution52290 -Node: CD-ROM distribution55055 -Node: Other TeX packages56025 -Node: Reporting bugs57321 -Node: Bug checklist58061 -Node: Mailing lists62162 -Node: Debugging63521 -Node: Logging68593 -Node: Common problems70104 -Node: Unable to find files70935 -Node: Slow path searching73346 -Node: Unable to generate fonts74723 -Node: TeX or Metafont failing77232 -Node: Empty Makefiles79110 -Node: XtStrings80340 -Node: dlopen81176 -Node: ShellWidgetClass81994 -Node: Pointer combination warnings83626 -Node: Path searching84015 -Node: Searching overview84662 -Node: Path sources88034 -Node: Config files89105 -Node: Path expansion92505 -Node: Default expansion93454 -Node: Variable expansion95524 -Node: Tilde expansion96927 -Node: Brace expansion97825 -Node: KPSE_DOT expansion98930 -Node: Subdirectory expansion99443 -Node: Filename database101792 -Node: ls-R103106 -Node: Filename aliases106000 -Node: Database format107178 -Node: Invoking kpsewhich108191 -Node: Path searching options109068 -Node: Auxiliary tasks113205 -Node: Standard options114713 -Node: TeX support115033 -Node: Supported file formats116324 -Node: File lookup123472 -Node: Glyph lookup124763 -Node: Basic glyph lookup125890 -Node: Fontmap126769 -Node: Fallback font129386 -Node: Suppressing warnings130351 -Node: Programming131456 -Node: Programming overview131969 -Node: Calling sequence134245 -Node: Program-specific files139274 -Node: Programming with config files140312 -Node: Index141612 +Node: Top1552 +Node: Introduction2195 +Node: History4171 +Node: Installation8263 +Node: Simple installation9053 +Node: Custom installation12636 +Node: Disk space13810 +Node: Kpathsea application distributions14694 +Node: Changing search paths15809 +Node: Default path features16991 +Node: Default path generation19127 +Node: Running configure20570 +Node: configure shells21621 +Node: configure options22673 +Node: configure environment24180 +Node: configure scenarios25982 +Node: Shared library27568 +Node: Running make28582 +Node: Installing files30629 +Node: Cleaning up32576 +Node: Filename database generation33624 +Node: mktex scripts34191 +Node: mktex configuration35468 +Node: mktex script names41287 +Node: mktex script arguments42678 +Node: Installation testing43568 +Node: Security43932 +Node: TeX directory structure46499 +Node: unixtex.ftp50921 +Node: Electronic distribution52936 +Node: CD-ROM distribution55701 +Node: Other TeX packages56671 +Node: Reporting bugs57967 +Node: Bug checklist58707 +Node: Mailing lists62409 +Node: Debugging63768 +Node: Logging68840 +Node: Common problems70710 +Node: Unable to find files71541 +Node: Slow path searching73952 +Node: Unable to generate fonts75329 +Node: TeX or Metafont failing77838 +Node: Empty Makefiles79716 +Node: XtStrings80946 +Node: dlopen81782 +Node: ShellWidgetClass82600 +Node: Pointer combination warnings84232 +Node: Path searching84621 +Node: Searching overview85268 +Node: Path sources88664 +Node: Config files89735 +Node: Path expansion93380 +Node: Default expansion94329 +Node: Variable expansion96399 +Node: Tilde expansion97802 +Node: Brace expansion98782 +Node: KPSE_DOT expansion99887 +Node: Subdirectory expansion100400 +Node: Filename database102749 +Node: ls-R103803 +Node: Filename aliases106697 +Node: Database format107875 +Node: Invoking kpsewhich108888 +Node: Path searching options109833 +Node: Specially-recognized files116853 +Node: Auxiliary tasks118177 +Node: Standard options120002 +Node: TeX support120322 +Node: Supported file formats121613 +Node: File lookup128761 +Node: Glyph lookup130489 +Node: Basic glyph lookup131616 +Node: Fontmap132495 +Node: Fallback font135112 +Node: Suppressing warnings136077 +Node: Programming137182 +Node: Programming overview137695 +Node: Calling sequence139971 +Node: Program-specific files144963 +Node: Programming with config files146001 +Node: Index147301 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/texinfo.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/texinfo.info index babfcb3c651..6f00c11e540 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/texinfo.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/texinfo.info @@ -1,58 +1,46 @@ -This is texinfo.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from texinfo.txi. +This is texinfo, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from texinfo.txi. - This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.7, 9 April 2004), a +This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.12, 9 April 2008), a documentation system that can produce both online information and a printed manual from a single source. Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, -1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free +Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software - Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts + being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." - (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." + (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify + this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in + developing GNU and promoting software freedom." INFO-DIR-SECTION Texinfo documentation system START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Texinfo: (texinfo). The GNU documentation format. * install-info: (texinfo)Invoking install-info. Update info/dir entries. * texi2dvi: (texinfo)Format with texi2dvi. Print Texinfo documents. +* texi2pdf: (texinfo)PDF Output. PDF output for Texinfo. +* pdftexi2dvi: (texinfo)PDF Output. PDF output for Texinfo. * texindex: (texinfo)Format with tex/texindex. Sort Texinfo index files. * makeinfo: (texinfo)Invoking makeinfo. Translate Texinfo source. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -File: texinfo.info, Node: Top, Next: Copying Conditions, Up: (dir) +File: texinfo, Node: Top, Next: Copying Conditions, Up: (dir) Texinfo ******* -This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.7, 9 April 2004), a +This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.12, 9 April 2008), a documentation system that can produce both online information and a printed manual from a single source. - Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, -1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this - document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software - Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) - below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled - "GNU Free Documentation License." - - (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." - The first part of this master menu lists the major nodes in this Info document, including the @-command and concept indices. The rest of the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. @@ -91,9 +79,9 @@ menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. * Include Files:: How to incorporate other Texinfo files. * Headings:: How to write page headings and footings. * Catching Mistakes:: How to find formatting mistakes. -* Copying This Manual:: The GNU Free Documentation License. +* GNU Free Documentation License::Copying this manual. * Command and Variable Index:: A menu containing commands and variables. -* Concept Index:: A menu covering many topics. +* General Index:: A menu covering many topics. --- The Detailed Node Listing --- @@ -273,6 +261,7 @@ Indicating Definitions, Commands, etc. * option:: Indicating option names. * dfn:: Specifying definitions. * cite:: Referring to books not in the Info system. +* abbr:: Indicating abbreviations. * acronym:: Indicating acronyms. * indicateurl:: Indicating a World Wide Web reference. * email:: Indicating an electronic mail address. @@ -360,15 +349,21 @@ Combining Indices Special Insertions * Atsign Braces Comma:: Inserting @ and {} and ,. +* Inserting Quote Characters:: Inserting left and right quotes, in code. * Inserting Space:: How to insert the right amount of space within a sentence. * Inserting Accents:: How to insert accents and special characters. +* Inserting Quotation Marks:: How to insert quotation marks. * Dots Bullets:: How to insert dots and bullets. * TeX and copyright:: How to insert the TeX logo and the copyright symbol. +* euro:: How to insert the Euro currency symbol. * pounds:: How to insert the pounds currency symbol. +* textdegree:: How to insert the degrees symbol. * minus:: How to insert a minus sign. +* geq leq:: How to insert greater/less-than-or-equal signs. * math:: How to format a mathematical expression. +* Click Sequences:: Inserting GUI usage sequences. * Glyphs:: How to indicate results of evaluation, expansion of macros, errors, etc. @@ -383,6 +378,7 @@ Inserting Space * Not Ending a Sentence:: Sometimes a . doesn't end a sentence. * Ending a Sentence:: Sometimes it does. * Multiple Spaces:: Inserting multiple spaces. +* frenchspacing:: Specifying end-of-sentence spacing. * dmn:: How to format a dimension. Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets @@ -420,6 +416,7 @@ Forcing and Preventing Breaks * Break Commands:: Summary of break-related commands. * Line Breaks:: Forcing line breaks. * - and hyphenation:: Helping TeX with hyphenation points. +* allowcodebreaks:: Controlling line breaks within @code text. * w:: Preventing unwanted line breaks in text. * tie:: Inserting an unbreakable but varying space. * sp:: Inserting blank lines. @@ -553,9 +550,7 @@ Sample Texinfo Files * Verbatim Copying License:: * All-permissive Copying License:: -Copying This Manual - -* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. +GNU Free Documentation License Include Files @@ -591,15 +586,11 @@ Finding Badly Referenced Nodes * Tagifying:: How to tagify a file. * Splitting:: How to split a file manually. -Copying This Manual - -* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. - Documentation is like sex: when it is good, it is very, very good; and when it is bad, it is better than nothing. --Dick Brandon -File: texinfo.info, Node: Copying Conditions, Next: Overview, Prev: Top, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Copying Conditions, Next: Overview, Prev: Top, Up: Top Texinfo Copying Conditions ************************** @@ -640,7 +631,7 @@ the GNU Free Documentation License (*note GNU Free Documentation License::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Overview, Next: Texinfo Mode, Prev: Copying Conditions, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Overview, Next: Texinfo Mode, Prev: Copying Conditions, Up: Top 1 Overview of Texinfo ********************* @@ -678,7 +669,7 @@ Texinfo as if the `x' were a `k'. Spell "Texinfo" with a capital "T" and the other letters in lower case. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Using Texinfo, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Using Texinfo, Up: Overview 1.1 Reporting Bugs ================== @@ -709,16 +700,11 @@ better to include too much than to leave out something important. Patches are most welcome; if possible, please make them with `diff -c' (*note Overview: (diff)Top.) and include `ChangeLog' entries -(*note Change Log: (emacs)Change Log.). - - When sending patches, if possible please do not encode or split them -in any way; it's much easier to deal with one plain text message, -however large, than many small ones. GNU shar -(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sharutils/) is a convenient way of packaging -multiple and/or binary files for email. +(*note Change Log: (emacs)Change Log.), and follow the existing coding +style. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Using Texinfo, Next: Output Formats, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Using Texinfo, Next: Output Formats, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Overview 1.2 Using Texinfo ================= @@ -750,7 +736,7 @@ information is available at the GNU documentation web page (http://www.gnu.org/doc/). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Output Formats, Next: Info Files, Prev: Using Texinfo, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Output Formats, Next: Info Files, Prev: Using Texinfo, Up: Overview 1.3 Output Formats ================== @@ -772,7 +758,7 @@ Info Plain text (Generated via `makeinfo --no-headers'.) This is almost the same as Info output, except the navigational control characters are - omitted. + omitted. Also, standard output is used by default. HTML (Generated via `makeinfo --html'.) This is the Hyper Text Markup @@ -800,18 +786,21 @@ DVI `http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient'. PDF - (Generated via `texi2dvi --pdf'.) This format, based on - PostScript, was developed by Adobe Systems for document - interchange. It is intended to be platform-independent and easily - viewable, among other design goals; for a discussion, see - `http://tug.org/tugboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72beebeI.pdf'. Texinfo - uses the `pdftex' program, a variant of TeX, to output pdf; see - `http://tug.org/applications/pdftex'. *Note PDF Output::. + (Generated via `texi2dvi --pdf' or `texi2pdf'.) This format was + developed by Adobe Systems for portable document interchange, + based on their previous PostScript language. It can represent the + exact appearance of a document, including fonts and graphics, and + supporting arbitrary scaling. It is intended to be + platform-independent and easily viewable, among other design goals; + `http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72beebe-pdf.pdf' has + some background. Texinfo uses the `pdftex' program, a variant of + TeX, to output PDF; see `http://tug.org/applications/pdftex'. + *Note PDF Output::. XML (Generated via `makeinfo --xml'.) XML is a generic syntax specification usable for any sort of content (see, for example, - `http://www.w3.org/XML/'). The `makeinfo' xml output, unlike all + `http://www.w3.org/XML/'). The `makeinfo' XML output, unlike all the formats above, interprets very little of the Texinfo source. Rather, it merely translates the Texinfo markup commands into XML syntax, for processing by further XML tools. The particular @@ -853,7 +842,7 @@ language is continually being enhanced and updated. Instead, the best approach is modify `makeinfo' to generate the new format. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Info Files, Next: Printed Books, Prev: Output Formats, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Info Files, Next: Printed Books, Prev: Output Formats, Up: Overview 1.4 Info Files ============== @@ -937,7 +926,7 @@ Emacs/W3, for example: info:emacs#Dissociated%20Press info://localhost/usr/info/emacs#Dissociated%20Press - The `info' program itself does not follow URI's of any kind. + The `info' program itself does not follow URIs of any kind. ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -946,7 +935,7 @@ Occasionally, the last child has the node name of the next following higher level node as its `Next' pointer. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Printed Books, Next: Formatting Commands, Prev: Info Files, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Printed Books, Next: Formatting Commands, Prev: Info Files, Up: Overview 1.5 Printed Books ================= @@ -972,15 +961,15 @@ that TeX uses when it typesets a Texinfo file. (`texinfo.tex' tells TeX how to convert the Texinfo @-commands to TeX commands, which TeX can then process to create the typeset document.) `texinfo.tex' contains the specifications for printing a document. You can get the -latest version of `texinfo.tex' from -`ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo.tex'. +latest version of `texinfo.tex' from the Texinfo home page, +`http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/'. In the United States, documents are most often printed on 8.5 inch by 11 inch pages (216mm by 280mm); this is the default size. But you can also print for 7 inch by 9.25 inch pages (178mm by 235mm, the `@smallbook' size; or on A4 or A5 size paper (`@afourpaper', `@afivepaper'). (*Note Printing "Small" Books: smallbook. Also, see -*Note Printing on A4 Paper: A4 Paper.) +*note Printing on A4 Paper: A4 Paper.) By changing the parameters in `texinfo.tex', you can change the size of the printed document. In addition, you can change the style in @@ -1000,7 +989,7 @@ Texinfo file must be able to present information both on a character-only terminal in Info form and in a typeset book, the formatting commands that Texinfo supports are necessarily limited. - To get a copy of TeX, see *Note How to Obtain TeX: Obtaining TeX. + To get a copy of TeX, see *note How to Obtain TeX: Obtaining TeX. ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -1011,7 +1000,7 @@ standard GNU distribution and is not maintained or up-to-date with all the Texinfo features described in this manual. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Formatting Commands, Next: Conventions, Prev: Printed Books, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Formatting Commands, Next: Conventions, Prev: Printed Books, Up: Overview 1.6 @-commands ============== @@ -1044,7 +1033,7 @@ write @-commands on lines of their own or as part of sentences: titles.) * Write a command such as `@dots{}' wherever you wish but usually - within a sentence. (`@dots{}' creates dots ...) + within a sentence. (`@dots{}' creates an ellipsis ...) * Write a command such as `@code{SAMPLE-CODE}' wherever you wish (but usually within a sentence) with its argument, SAMPLE-CODE in @@ -1084,7 +1073,7 @@ assert in a manner against which others may make counter assertions', which led to the meaning of `argument' as a dispute. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Conventions, Next: Comments, Prev: Formatting Commands, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Conventions, Next: Comments, Prev: Formatting Commands, Up: Overview 1.7 General Syntactic Conventions ================================= @@ -1107,51 +1096,37 @@ documents. `@noindent' to inhibit paragraph indentation if required (*note `@noindent': noindent.). - * Use doubled single-quote characters to begin and end quotations: - ``...''. TeX converts two single quotes to left- and right-hand - doubled quotation marks, and Info converts doubled single-quote - characters to ASCII double-quotes: ``...'' becomes "...". - - You may occasionally need to produce two consecutive single quotes; - for example, in documenting a computer language such as Maxima - where '' is a valid command. You can do this with the input - '@w{}'; the empty `@w' command stops the combination into the - double-quote characters. - - The left quote character (`, ASCII code 96) used in Texinfo is a - grave accent in ANSI and ISO character set standards. We use it - as a quote character because that is how TeX is set up, by - default. We hope to eventually support the various quotation - characters in Unicode. + * Texinfo supports the usual quotation marks used in English, and + quotation marks used in other languages, please see *note + Inserting Quotation Marks::. * Use three hyphens in a row, `---', to produce a long dash--like this (called an "em dash"), used for punctuation in sentences. - Use two hyphens, `--', to produce a medium dash-like this (called - an "en dash"), used to separate numeric ranges. Use a single - hyphen, `-', to produce a standard hyphen used in compound words. - For display on the screen, Info reduces three hyphens to two and - two hyphens to one (not transitively!). Of course, any number of - hyphens in the source remain as they are in literal contexts, such - as `@code' and `@example'. - - * *Caution:* Last and most important, do not use tab characters in a - Texinfo file (except in verbatim modes)! TeX uses variable-width - fonts, which means that it is impractical at best to define a tab - to work in all circumstances. Consequently, TeX treats tabs like - single spaces, and that is not what they look like in the source. - Furthermore, `makeinfo' does nothing special with tabs, and thus a - tab character in your input file will usually appear differently - in the output. - - To avoid this problem, Texinfo mode causes GNU Emacs to insert - multiple spaces when you press the <TAB> key. + Use two hyphens, `--', to produce a medium dash (called an "en + dash"), used primarily for numeric ranges, as in "June 25-26". + Use a single hyphen, `-', to produce a standard hyphen used in + compound words. For display on the screen, Info reduces three + hyphens to two and two hyphens to one (not transitively!). Of + course, any number of hyphens in the source remain as they are in + literal contexts, such as `@code' and `@example'. + + * *Caution:* Last, do not use tab characters in a Texinfo file + (except in verbatim modes)! TeX uses variable-width fonts, which + means that it is impractical at best to define a tab to work in all + circumstances. Consequently, TeX treats tabs like single spaces, + and that is not what they look like in the source. Furthermore, + `makeinfo' does nothing special with tabs, and thus a tab + character in your input file will usually appear differently in the + output. - Also, you can run `untabify' in Emacs to convert tabs in a region - to multiple spaces, or use the `unexpand' command from the shell. + To avoid this problem, Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs inserts multiple + spaces when you press the <TAB> key. Also, you can run `untabify' + in Emacs to convert tabs in a region to multiple spaces, or use + the `unexpand' command from the shell. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Comments, Next: Minimum, Prev: Conventions, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Comments, Next: Minimum, Prev: Conventions, Up: Overview 1.8 Comments ============ @@ -1184,12 +1159,12 @@ the source file; that means that you may still get error messages if you have invalid Texinfo commands within ignored text. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Minimum, Next: Six Parts, Prev: Comments, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Minimum, Next: Six Parts, Prev: Comments, Up: Overview 1.9 What a Texinfo File Must Have ================================= -By convention, the namea of a Texinfo file ends with (in order of +By convention, the name of a Texinfo file ends with (in order of preference) one of the extensions `.texinfo', `.texi', `.txi', or `.tex'. The longer extensions are preferred since they describe more clearly to a human reader the nature of the file. The shorter @@ -1251,7 +1226,7 @@ But the minimum, which can be useful for short documents, is just the three lines at the beginning and the one line at the end. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Six Parts, Next: Short Sample, Prev: Minimum, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Six Parts, Next: Short Sample, Prev: Minimum, Up: Overview 1.10 Six Parts of a Texinfo File ================================ @@ -1288,12 +1263,11 @@ sections. traditional book or encyclopedia, but it may be free form. 6. End - The "End" segment contains commands for printing indices and - generating the table of contents, and the `@bye' command on a line - of its own. + The "End" segment may contain commands for printing indices, and + closes with the `@bye' command on a line of its own. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Short Sample, Next: History, Prev: Six Parts, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: Short Sample, Next: History, Prev: Six Parts, Up: Overview 1.11 A Short Sample Texinfo File ================================ @@ -1311,7 +1285,7 @@ in GNU manuals. In the following, the sample text is _indented_; comments on it are not. The complete file, without interspersed comments, is shown in -*Note Short Sample Texinfo File::. +*note Short Sample Texinfo File::. Part 1: Header -------------- @@ -1335,7 +1309,7 @@ which it is distributed. *Note GNU Sample Texts::. @copying This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file, version 1.0. - Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright @copyright{} 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end copying Part 3: Titlepage, Contents, Copyright @@ -1364,17 +1338,16 @@ Part 4: `Top' Node and Master Menu The `Top' node contains the master menu for the Info file. Since the printed manual uses a table of contents rather than a menu, it excludes -the `Top' node. We also include the copying text again for the benefit -of online readers. Since the copying text begins with a brief -description of the manual, no other text is needed in this case. The -`@top' command itself helps `makeinfo' determine the relationships -between nodes. +the `Top' node. We repeat the short description from the beginning of +the `@copying' text, but there's no need to repeat the copyright +information, so we don't use `@insertcopying' here. The `@top' command +itself helps `makeinfo' determine the relationships between nodes. @ifnottex @node Top @top Short Sample - @insertcopying + This is a short sample Texinfo file. @end ifnottex @menu @@ -1437,7 +1410,7 @@ Here is what the contents of the first chapter of the sample look like: 2. This is the second item. -File: texinfo.info, Node: History, Prev: Short Sample, Up: Overview +File: texinfo, Node: History, Prev: Short Sample, Up: Overview 1.12 History ============ @@ -1463,7 +1436,7 @@ patches and suggestions, they are gratefully acknowledged in the A bit of history: in the 1970's at CMU, Brian Reid developed a program and format named Scribe to mark up documents for printing. It used the `@' character to introduce commands, as Texinfo does. Much more -consequentially, it strived to describe document contents rather than +consequentially, it strove to describe document contents rather than formatting, an idea wholeheartedly adopted by Texinfo. Meanwhile, people at MIT developed another, not too dissimilar format @@ -1479,7 +1452,7 @@ up language for text that is intended to be read both online and as printed hard copy. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Texinfo Mode, Next: Beginning a File, Prev: Overview, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Texinfo Mode, Next: Beginning a File, Prev: Overview, Up: Top 2 Using Texinfo Mode ******************** @@ -1508,7 +1481,7 @@ chapters which describe the Texinfo formatting language in detail. * Texinfo Mode Summary:: Summary of all the Texinfo mode commands. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Texinfo Mode Overview, Next: Emacs Editing, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Texinfo Mode Overview, Next: Emacs Editing, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.1 Texinfo Mode Overview ========================= @@ -1537,7 +1510,7 @@ You can: frequently used @-commands and for creating node pointers and menus. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Emacs Editing, Next: Inserting, Prev: Texinfo Mode Overview, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Emacs Editing, Next: Inserting, Prev: Texinfo Mode Overview, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.2 The Usual GNU Emacs Editing Commands ======================================== @@ -1558,7 +1531,7 @@ expression matching the commands for chapters and their equivalents, such as appendices. With this value for the page delimiter, you can jump from chapter title to chapter title with the `C-x ]' (`forward-page') and `C-x [' (`backward-page') commands and narrow to a -chapter with the `C-x p' (`narrow-to-page') command. (*Note Pages: +chapter with the `C-x n p' (`narrow-to-page') command. (*Note Pages: (emacs)Pages, for details about the page commands.) You may name a Texinfo file however you wish, but the convention is to @@ -1578,7 +1551,7 @@ change. The keybindings described here are the default or standard ones. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting, Next: Showing the Structure, Prev: Emacs Editing, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting, Next: Showing the Structure, Prev: Emacs Editing, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.3 Inserting Frequently Used Commands ====================================== @@ -1646,13 +1619,13 @@ first letter of the @-command: `M-x texinfo-insert-braces' Insert `{}' and put the cursor between the braces. -`C-c C-c }' -`C-c C-c ]' +`C-c }' +`C-c ]' `M-x up-list' Move from between a pair of braces forward past the closing brace. - Typing `C-c C-c ]' is easier than typing `C-c C-c }', which is, - however, more mnemonic; hence the two keybindings. (Also, you can - move out from between braces by typing `C-f'.) + Typing `C-c ]' is easier than typing `C-c }', which is, however, + more mnemonic; hence the two keybindings. (Also, you can move out + from between braces by typing `C-f'.) To put a command such as `@code{...}' around an _existing_ word, position the cursor in front of the word and type `C-u 1 C-c C-c c'. @@ -1692,7 +1665,7 @@ use the same words as a node name but a useful description uses different words. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Showing the Structure, Next: Updating Nodes and Menus, Prev: Inserting, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Showing the Structure, Next: Updating Nodes and Menus, Prev: Inserting, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.4 Showing the Section Structure of a File =========================================== @@ -1735,12 +1708,12 @@ information about the narrowing commands.) Texinfo mode sets the value of the page delimiter variable to match the chapter-level @-commands. This enables you to use the `C-x ]' (`forward-page') and `C-x [' (`backward-page') commands to move forward -and backward by chapter, and to use the `C-x p' (`narrow-to-page') +and backward by chapter, and to use the `C-x n p' (`narrow-to-page') command to narrow to a chapter. *Note Pages: (emacs)Pages, for more information about the page commands. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Updating Nodes and Menus, Next: Info Formatting, Prev: Showing the Structure, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Updating Nodes and Menus, Next: Info Formatting, Prev: Showing the Structure, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.5 Updating Nodes and Menus ============================ @@ -1765,7 +1738,7 @@ node pointers by hand, which is a tedious task. nodes in sequence. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Updating Commands, Next: Updating Requirements, Up: Updating Nodes and Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Updating Commands, Next: Updating Requirements, Up: Updating Nodes and Menus 2.5.1 The Updating Commands --------------------------- @@ -1896,7 +1869,7 @@ file. The `texinfo-column-for-description' variable specifies the column to which menu descriptions are indented. By default, the value is 32 -although it is often useful to reduce it to as low as 24. You can set +although it can be useful to reduce it to as low as 24. You can set the variable via customization (*note Changing an Option: (emacs)Changing an Option.) or with the `M-x set-variable' command (*note Examining and Setting Variables: (emacs)Examining.). @@ -1908,7 +1881,7 @@ missing `@node' lines into a file. (*Note Other Updating Commands::, for more information.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Updating Requirements, Next: Other Updating Commands, Prev: Updating Commands, Up: Updating Nodes and Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Updating Requirements, Next: Other Updating Commands, Prev: Updating Commands, Up: Updating Nodes and Menus 2.5.2 Updating Requirements --------------------------- @@ -1964,7 +1937,7 @@ commands. (*Note Creating an Info File::, for more information about commands require that you insert menus in the file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Other Updating Commands, Prev: Updating Requirements, Up: Updating Nodes and Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Other Updating Commands, Prev: Updating Requirements, Up: Updating Nodes and Menus 2.5.3 Other Updating Commands ----------------------------- @@ -2030,7 +2003,7 @@ several less frequently used updating commands: the nodes in the region. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Info Formatting, Next: Printing, Prev: Updating Nodes and Menus, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Info Formatting, Next: Printing, Prev: Updating Nodes and Menus, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.6 Formatting for Info ======================= @@ -2076,7 +2049,7 @@ include a line that has `@setfilename' in its header. *Note Creating an Info File::, for details about Info formatting. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Printing, Next: Texinfo Mode Summary, Prev: Info Formatting, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Printing, Next: Texinfo Mode Summary, Prev: Info Formatting, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.7 Printing ============ @@ -2130,7 +2103,7 @@ line with start-of-header and end-of-header lines.) commands, such as `tex-show-print-queue'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Texinfo Mode Summary, Prev: Printing, Up: Texinfo Mode +File: texinfo, Node: Texinfo Mode Summary, Prev: Printing, Up: Texinfo Mode 2.8 Texinfo Mode Summary ======================== @@ -2154,9 +2127,9 @@ is quick to type.) C-c C-c n Insert `@node'. C-c C-c s Insert `@samp'. C-c C-c v Insert `@var'. - C-c C-c { Insert braces. - C-c C-c ] - C-c C-c } Move out of enclosing braces. + C-c { Insert braces. + C-c ] + C-c } Move out of enclosing braces. C-c C-c C-d Insert a node's section title in the space for the description @@ -2275,7 +2248,7 @@ they are rarely used. Insert node pointers in strict sequence. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Beginning a File, Next: Ending a File, Prev: Texinfo Mode, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Beginning a File, Next: Ending a File, Prev: Texinfo Mode, Up: Top 3 Beginning a Texinfo File ************************** @@ -2307,7 +2280,7 @@ and so on. have the right to use and share software. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Sample Beginning, Next: Texinfo File Header, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Sample Beginning, Next: Texinfo File Header, Up: Beginning a File 3.1 Sample Texinfo File Beginning ================================= @@ -2358,7 +2331,7 @@ manuals. @node Top @top TITLE - @insertcopying + This manual is for PROGRAM, version VERSION. @end ifnottex @menu @@ -2376,7 +2349,7 @@ manuals. ... -File: texinfo.info, Node: Texinfo File Header, Next: Document Permissions, Prev: Sample Beginning, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Texinfo File Header, Next: Document Permissions, Prev: Sample Beginning, Up: Beginning a File 3.2 Texinfo File Header ======================= @@ -2412,7 +2385,7 @@ Texts::, for complete sample texts. * End of Header:: Formatting a region requires this. -File: texinfo.info, Node: First Line, Next: Start of Header, Up: Texinfo File Header +File: texinfo, Node: First Line, Next: Start of Header, Up: Texinfo File Header 3.2.1 The First Line of a Texinfo File -------------------------------------- @@ -2437,7 +2410,7 @@ This line serves two functions: specification tells Emacs to use Texinfo mode. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Start of Header, Next: setfilename, Prev: First Line, Up: Texinfo File Header +File: texinfo, Node: Start of Header, Next: setfilename, Prev: First Line, Up: Texinfo File Header 3.2.2 Start of Header --------------------- @@ -2461,7 +2434,7 @@ change it if you wish by setting the `tex-start-of-header' and/or `tex-end-of-header' Emacs variables. *Note Texinfo Mode Printing::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: setfilename, Next: settitle, Prev: Start of Header, Up: Texinfo File Header +File: texinfo, Node: setfilename, Next: settitle, Prev: Start of Header, Up: Texinfo File Header 3.2.3 `@setfilename': Set the output file name ---------------------------------------------- @@ -2510,7 +2483,7 @@ reads `texinfo.cnf' if that file is present on your system (*note Preparing for TeX: Preparing for TeX.). -File: texinfo.info, Node: settitle, Next: End of Header, Prev: setfilename, Up: Texinfo File Header +File: texinfo, Node: settitle, Next: End of Header, Prev: setfilename, Up: Texinfo File Header 3.2.4 `@settitle': Set the document title ----------------------------------------- @@ -2560,7 +2533,7 @@ Command: headings on off, for more information.) footings. *Note Headings::, for a detailed discussion of this. -File: texinfo.info, Node: End of Header, Prev: settitle, Up: Texinfo File Header +File: texinfo, Node: End of Header, Prev: settitle, Up: Texinfo File Header 3.2.5 End of Header ------------------- @@ -2573,7 +2546,7 @@ comment that looks like this: *Note Start of Header::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Document Permissions, Next: Titlepage & Copyright Page, Prev: Texinfo File Header, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Document Permissions, Next: Titlepage & Copyright Page, Prev: Texinfo File Header, Up: Beginning a File 3.3 Document Permissions ======================== @@ -2590,7 +2563,7 @@ appropriate points. * insertcopying:: Where to insert the permissions. -File: texinfo.info, Node: copying, Next: insertcopying, Up: Document Permissions +File: texinfo, Node: copying, Next: insertcopying, Up: Document Permissions 3.3.1 `@copying': Declare Copying Permissions --------------------------------------------- @@ -2646,16 +2619,17 @@ separated by commas. the work. In the case of works assigned to the FSF, the owner is `Free Software Foundation, Inc.'. - The copyright `line' may actually be split across multiple lines, -both in the source document and in the output. This often happens for + The copyright `line' may actually be split across multiple lines, both +in the source document and in the output. This often happens for documents with a long history, having many different years of -publication. +publication. If you do use several lines, do not indent any of them +(or anything else in the `@copying' block) in the source file. *Note Copyright Notices: (maintain)Copyright Notices, for additional information. -File: texinfo.info, Node: insertcopying, Prev: copying, Up: Document Permissions +File: texinfo, Node: insertcopying, Prev: copying, Up: Document Permissions 3.3.2 `@insertcopying': Include Permissions Text ------------------------------------------------ @@ -2669,30 +2643,22 @@ like this: legal requirements, it must be used on the copyright page in the printed manual (*note Copyright::). - We also strongly recommend using `@insertcopying' in the Top node of -your manual (*note The Top Node::), although it is not required -legally. Here's why: - The `@copying' command itself causes the permissions text to appear in an Info file _before_ the first node. The text is also copied into the beginning of each split Info output file, as is legally necessary. This location implies a human reading the manual using Info does _not_ -see this text (except when using the advanced Info command `g *'). -Therefore, an explicit `@insertcopying' in the Top node makes it -apparent to readers that the manual is free. +see this text (except when using the advanced Info command `g *'), but +this does not matter for legal purposes, because the text is present. Similarly, the `@copying' text is automatically included at the beginning of each HTML output file, as an HTML comment. Again, this -text is not visible (unless the reader views the HTML source). And -therefore again, the `@insertcopying' in the Top node is valuable -because it makes the copying permissions visible and thus promotes -freedom. +text is not visible (unless the reader views the HTML source). The permissions text defined by `@copying' also appears automatically at the beginning of the XML output file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Titlepage & Copyright Page, Next: Contents, Prev: Document Permissions, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Titlepage & Copyright Page, Next: Contents, Prev: Document Permissions, Up: Beginning a File 3.4 Title and Copyright Pages ============================= @@ -2727,7 +2693,7 @@ text (`--no-headers'), along with an `@insertcopying'. and double or single sided printing. -File: texinfo.info, Node: titlepage, Next: titlefont center sp, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page +File: texinfo, Node: titlepage, Next: titlefont center sp, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page 3.4.1 `@titlepage' ------------------ @@ -2756,7 +2722,7 @@ If the manual changes more frequently than the program or is independent of it, you should also include an edition number(1) for the manual. This helps readers keep track of which manual is for which version of the program. (The `Top' node should also contain this information; see -*Note The Top Node::.) +*note The Top Node::.) Texinfo provides two main methods for creating a title page. One method uses the `@titlefont', `@sp', and `@center' commands to generate @@ -2786,7 +2752,7 @@ conversation by referring to both the documentation and the software with the same words. -File: texinfo.info, Node: titlefont center sp, Next: title subtitle author, Prev: titlepage, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page +File: texinfo, Node: titlefont center sp, Next: title subtitle author, Prev: titlepage, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page 3.4.2 `@titlefont', `@center', and `@sp' ---------------------------------------- @@ -2841,7 +2807,7 @@ for more information about the `@sp' command.) but since they are not logical markup commands, we don't recommend them. -File: texinfo.info, Node: title subtitle author, Next: Copyright, Prev: titlefont center sp, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page +File: texinfo, Node: title subtitle author, Next: Copyright, Prev: titlefont center sp, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page 3.4.3 `@title', `@subtitle', and `@author' ------------------------------------------ @@ -2911,10 +2877,10 @@ be useful if you have a very long title. Here is a real-life example: @author by Daniel Hagerty, Melissa Weisshaus @author and Eli Zaretskii -(The use of `@value' here is explained in *Note value Example::. +(The use of `@value' here is explained in *note value Example::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Copyright, Next: end titlepage, Prev: title subtitle author, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page +File: texinfo, Node: Copyright, Next: end titlepage, Prev: title subtitle author, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page 3.4.4 Copyright Page -------------------- @@ -2927,7 +2893,7 @@ should be within `@titlepage' and `@end titlepage' commands. Use the `@page' command to cause a page break. To push the copyright notice and the other text on the copyright page towards the bottom of -the page, use the following incantantion after `@page': +the page, use the following incantation after `@page': @vskip 0pt plus 1filll @@ -2960,12 +2926,14 @@ credits, and other such information. @end titlepage -File: texinfo.info, Node: end titlepage, Next: headings on off, Prev: Copyright, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page +File: texinfo, Node: end titlepage, Next: headings on off, Prev: Copyright, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page 3.4.5 Heading Generation ------------------------ -The `@end titlepage' command must be written on a line by itself. It +Like all `@end' commands (*note Quotations and Examples::), the `@end +titlepage' command must be written at the beginning of a line by +itself, with only one space between the `@end' and the `titlepage'. It not only marks the end of the title and copyright pages, but also causes TeX to start generating page headings and page numbers. @@ -2995,7 +2963,7 @@ double-sided format, using `@setchapternewpage odd' for double-sided printing and no `@setchapternewpage' command for single-sided printing. -File: texinfo.info, Node: headings on off, Prev: end titlepage, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page +File: texinfo, Node: headings on off, Prev: end titlepage, Up: Titlepage & Copyright Page 3.4.6 The `@headings' Command ----------------------------- @@ -3004,7 +2972,7 @@ The `@headings' command is rarely used. It specifies what kind of page headings and footings to print on each page. Usually, this is controlled by the `@setchapternewpage' command. You need the `@headings' command only if the `@setchapternewpage' command does not -do what you want, or if you want to turn off pre-defined page headings +do what you want, or if you want to turn off predefined page headings prior to defining your own. Write an `@headings' command immediately after the `@end titlepage' command. @@ -3017,10 +2985,7 @@ after the `@end titlepage' command. Turn on page headings appropriate for single-sided printing. `@headings double' -`@headings on' - Turn on page headings appropriate for double-sided printing. The - two commands, `@headings on' and `@headings double', are - synonymous. + Turn on page headings appropriate for double-sided printing. `@headings singleafter' `@headings doubleafter' @@ -3052,7 +3017,7 @@ which would otherwise cause TeX to print page headings. *Note Page Headings: Headings, for more information. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Contents, Next: The Top Node, Prev: Titlepage & Copyright Page, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Contents, Next: The Top Node, Prev: Titlepage & Copyright Page, Up: Beginning a File 3.5 Generating a Table of Contents ================================== @@ -3092,7 +3057,7 @@ formatting commands ignore the contents commands. But the contents are included in plain text output (generated by `makeinfo --no-headers'), unless `makeinfo' is writing its output to standard output. - When `makeinfo' writes a short table of contents while producing html + When `makeinfo' writes a short table of contents while producing HTML output, the links in the short table of contents point to corresponding entries in the full table of contents rather than the text of the document. The links in the full table of contents point to the main @@ -3119,28 +3084,28 @@ this without altering the source file at all. For example: texi2dvi --texinfo=@setcontentsaftertitlepage foo.texi -File: texinfo.info, Node: The Top Node, Next: Global Document Commands, Prev: Contents, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: The Top Node, Next: Global Document Commands, Prev: Contents, Up: Beginning a File 3.6 The `Top' Node and Master Menu ================================== The `Top' node is the node in which a reader enters an Info manual. As -such, it should begin with the `@insertcopying' command (*note Document -Permissions::) to provide a brief description of the manual (including -the version number) and copying permissions, and end with a master menu -for the whole manual. Of course you should include any other general -information you feel a reader would find helpful. +such, it should begin with a brief description of the manual (including +the version number), and end with a master menu for the whole manual. +Of course you should include any other general information you feel a +reader would find helpful. - It is also conventional to write an `@top' sectioning command line -containing the title of the document immediately after the `@node Top' -line (*note The `@top' Sectioning Command: makeinfo top command.). + It is conventional and desirable to write an `@top' sectioning +command line containing the title of the document immediately after the +`@node Top' line (*note The `@top' Sectioning Command: makeinfo top +command.). The contents of the `Top' node should appear only in the online output; none of it should appear in printed output, so enclose it between `@ifnottex' and `@end ifnottex' commands. (TeX does not print either an `@node' line or a menu; they appear only in Info; strictly speaking, you are not required to enclose these parts between -`@ifnottex' and `@end ifnottext', but it is simplest to do so. *Note +`@ifnottex' and `@end ifnottex', but it is simplest to do so. *Note Conditionally Visible Text: Conditionals.) * Menu: @@ -3149,7 +3114,7 @@ Conditionally Visible Text: Conditionals.) * Master Menu Parts:: -File: texinfo.info, Node: Top Node Example, Next: Master Menu Parts, Up: The Top Node +File: texinfo, Node: Top Node Example, Next: Master Menu Parts, Up: The Top Node 3.6.1 Top Node Example ---------------------- @@ -3161,6 +3126,7 @@ Here is an example of a Top node. @top Sample Title @insertcopying + @end ifnottex Additional general information. @@ -3172,7 +3138,7 @@ Here is an example of a Top node. @end menu -File: texinfo.info, Node: Master Menu Parts, Prev: Top Node Example, Up: The Top Node +File: texinfo, Node: Master Menu Parts, Prev: Top Node Example, Up: The Top Node 3.6.2 Parts of a Master Menu ---------------------------- @@ -3211,7 +3177,7 @@ information.) * Overview:: Texinfo in brief. ... * Command and Variable Index:: - * Concept Index:: + * General Index:: @detailmenu --- The Detailed Node Listing --- @@ -3229,7 +3195,7 @@ information.) @end menu -File: texinfo.info, Node: Global Document Commands, Next: Software Copying Permissions, Prev: The Top Node, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Global Document Commands, Next: Software Copying Permissions, Prev: The Top Node, Up: Beginning a File 3.7 Global Document Commands ============================ @@ -3247,7 +3213,7 @@ generally all given before the Top node, if they are given at all. * exampleindent:: Specify environment indentation. -File: texinfo.info, Node: documentdescription, Next: setchapternewpage, Up: Global Document Commands +File: texinfo, Node: documentdescription, Next: setchapternewpage, Up: Global Document Commands 3.7.1 `@documentdescription': Summary Text ------------------------------------------ @@ -3270,7 +3236,7 @@ This will produce the following output in the `<head>' of the HTML: document. -File: texinfo.info, Node: setchapternewpage, Next: paragraphindent, Prev: documentdescription, Up: Global Document Commands +File: texinfo, Node: setchapternewpage, Next: paragraphindent, Prev: documentdescription, Up: Global Document Commands 3.7.2 `@setchapternewpage': --------------------------- @@ -3336,7 +3302,7 @@ default option (no blank pages, same headers on all pages) use the `--texinfo' option to `texi2dvi' to specify the output you want. -File: texinfo.info, Node: paragraphindent, Next: firstparagraphindent, Prev: setchapternewpage, Up: Global Document Commands +File: texinfo, Node: paragraphindent, Next: firstparagraphindent, Prev: setchapternewpage, Up: Global Document Commands 3.7.3 `@paragraphindent': Paragraph Indenting --------------------------------------------- @@ -3375,7 +3341,7 @@ Header::. paragraphs that contain `@w' or `@*' commands. -File: texinfo.info, Node: firstparagraphindent, Next: exampleindent, Prev: paragraphindent, Up: Global Document Commands +File: texinfo, Node: firstparagraphindent, Next: exampleindent, Prev: paragraphindent, Up: Global Document Commands 3.7.4 `@firstparagraphindent': Indenting After Headings ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -3410,7 +3376,7 @@ formatting commands indent paragraphs as specified. *Note Start of Header::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: exampleindent, Prev: firstparagraphindent, Up: Global Document Commands +File: texinfo, Node: exampleindent, Prev: firstparagraphindent, Up: Global Document Commands 3.7.5 `@exampleindent': Environment Indenting --------------------------------------------- @@ -3422,7 +3388,8 @@ line followed by either `asis' or a number: @exampleindent INDENT - The indentation is according to the value of INDENT: + `@exampleindent' is ignored for HTML output. Otherwise, the +indentation is according to the value of INDENT: `asis' Do not change the existing indentation (not implemented in TeX). @@ -3435,8 +3402,9 @@ N in TeX. - The default value of INDENT is 5. `@exampleindent' is ignored for -HTML output. + The default value of INDENT is 5 spaces in Info, and 0.4in in TeX, +which is somewhat less. (The reduction is to help TeX fit more +characters onto physical lines.) It is best to write the `@exampleindent' command before the end-of-header line at the beginning of a Texinfo file, so the region @@ -3444,7 +3412,7 @@ formatting commands indent paragraphs as specified. *Note Start of Header::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Software Copying Permissions, Prev: Global Document Commands, Up: Beginning a File +File: texinfo, Node: Software Copying Permissions, Prev: Global Document Commands, Up: Beginning a File 3.8 Software Copying Permissions ================================ @@ -3466,7 +3434,7 @@ general, an introduction would follow the licensing and distribution information, although sometimes people put it earlier in the document. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Ending a File, Next: Structuring, Prev: Beginning a File, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Ending a File, Next: Structuring, Prev: Beginning a File, Up: Top 4 Ending a Texinfo File *********************** @@ -3490,7 +3458,7 @@ and the `@bye' command to mark the last line to be processed. * File End:: How to mark the end of a file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Printing Indices & Menus, Next: File End, Up: Ending a File +File: texinfo, Node: Printing Indices & Menus, Next: File End, Up: Ending a File 4.1 Printing Indices and Menus ============================== @@ -3566,7 +3534,7 @@ index last. output; `makeinfo' generates a warning in this case. -File: texinfo.info, Node: File End, Prev: Printing Indices & Menus, Up: Ending a File +File: texinfo, Node: File End, Prev: Printing Indices & Menus, Up: Ending a File 4.2 `@bye' File Ending ====================== @@ -3583,7 +3551,7 @@ list for Emacs. *Note Using Local Variables and the Compile Command: Compile-Command, for more information. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Structuring, Next: Nodes, Prev: Ending a File, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Structuring, Next: Nodes, Prev: Ending a File, Up: Top 5 Chapter Structuring ********************* @@ -3622,7 +3590,7 @@ heading at the top of each node--but you don't need to. * Raise/lower sections:: How to change commands' hierarchical level. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Tree Structuring, Next: Structuring Command Types, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: Tree Structuring, Next: Structuring Command Types, Up: Structuring 5.1 Tree Structure of Sections ============================== @@ -3655,10 +3623,10 @@ looks like this: The chapter structuring commands are described in the sections that follow; the `@node' and `@menu' commands are described in following -chapters. (*Note Nodes::, and see *Note Menus::.) +chapters. (*Note Nodes::, and see *note Menus::.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Structuring Command Types, Next: makeinfo top, Prev: Tree Structuring, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: Structuring Command Types, Next: makeinfo top, Prev: Tree Structuring, Up: Structuring 5.2 Structuring Command Types ============================= @@ -3710,7 +3678,7 @@ In contents In contents In contents Not in contents `@subsubsection'`@unnumberedsubsubsec' `@appendixsubsubsec' `@subsubheading' -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo top, Next: chapter, Prev: Structuring Command Types, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo top, Next: chapter, Prev: Structuring Command Types, Up: Structuring 5.3 `@top' ========== @@ -3721,7 +3689,7 @@ after an `@node Top' line at the beginning of a Texinfo file. The node, so it can use it as the root of the node tree if your manual uses implicit node pointers. It has the same typesetting effect as `@unnumbered' (*note `@unnumbered' and `@appendix': unnumbered & -appendix.). For detailed information, see *Note The `@top' Command: +appendix.). For detailed information, see *note The `@top' Command: makeinfo top command. The `@top' node and its menu (if any) is conventionally wrapped in an @@ -3729,7 +3697,7 @@ makeinfo top command. output, not TeX. -File: texinfo.info, Node: chapter, Next: unnumbered & appendix, Prev: makeinfo top, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: chapter, Next: unnumbered & appendix, Prev: makeinfo top, Up: Structuring 5.4 `@chapter' ============== @@ -3758,7 +3726,7 @@ Info, the above example produces the following output: kind of stylistic choice is not usually offered by Texinfo. -File: texinfo.info, Node: unnumbered & appendix, Next: majorheading & chapheading, Prev: chapter, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: unnumbered & appendix, Next: majorheading & chapheading, Prev: chapter, Up: Structuring 5.5 `@unnumbered' and `@appendix' ================================= @@ -3766,18 +3734,14 @@ File: texinfo.info, Node: unnumbered & appendix, Next: majorheading & chaphead Use the `@unnumbered' command to create a chapter that appears in a printed manual without chapter numbers of any kind. Use the `@appendix' command to create an appendix in a printed manual that is -labelled by letter instead of by number. - - For Info file output, the `@unnumbered' and `@appendix' commands are -equivalent to `@chapter': the title is printed on a line by itself with -a line of asterisks underneath. (*Note `@chapter': chapter.) +labelled by letter (`A', `B', ...) instead of by number. - To create an appendix or an unnumbered chapter, write an `@appendix' -or `@unnumbered' command at the beginning of a line and follow it on -the same line by the title, as you would if you were creating a chapter. + Write an `@appendix' or `@unnumbered' command at the beginning of a +line and follow it on the same line by the title, as you would if you +were creating a chapter. -File: texinfo.info, Node: majorheading & chapheading, Next: section, Prev: unnumbered & appendix, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: majorheading & chapheading, Next: section, Prev: unnumbered & appendix, Up: Structuring 5.6 `@majorheading', `@chapheading' =================================== @@ -3798,44 +3762,47 @@ equivalent to `@chapter': the title is printed on a line by itself with a line of asterisks underneath. (*Note `@chapter': chapter.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: section, Next: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading, Prev: majorheading & chapheading, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: section, Next: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading, Prev: majorheading & chapheading, Up: Structuring 5.7 `@section' ============== -In a printed manual, an `@section' command identifies a numbered -section within a chapter. The section title appears in the table of -contents. In Info, an `@section' command provides a title for a -segment of text, underlined with `='. +A `@section' command identifies a section within a chapter unit, +whether created with `@chapter', `@unnumbered', or `@appendix', +following the numbering scheme of the chapter-level command. Thus, +within a `@chapter' chapter numbered `1', the section is numbered like +`1.2'; within an `@appendix' "chapter" labeled `A', the section is +numbered like `A.2'; within an `@unnumbered' chapter, the section gets +no number. - This section is headed with an `@section' command and looks like this -in the Texinfo file: + For example, this section is headed with an `@section' command and +looks like this in the Texinfo file: @section @code{@@section} To create a section, write the `@section' command at the beginning of -a line and follow it on the same line by the section title. +a line and follow it on the same line by the section title. The output +is underlined with `=' in Info. Thus, @section This is a section -produces - - This is a section - ================= +might produce the following in Info: -in Info. + 5.7 This is a section + ===================== -File: texinfo.info, Node: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading, Next: subsection, Prev: section, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading, Next: subsection, Prev: section, Up: Structuring 5.8 `@unnumberedsec', `@appendixsec', `@heading' ================================================ The `@unnumberedsec', `@appendixsec', and `@heading' commands are, respectively, the unnumbered, appendix-like, and heading-like -equivalents of the `@section' command. (*Note `@section': section.) +equivalents of the `@section' command, as described in the previous +section. `@unnumberedsec' The `@unnumberedsec' command may be used within an unnumbered @@ -3855,8 +3822,12 @@ equivalents of the `@section' command. (*Note `@section': section.) section-style heading that will not appear in the table of contents. + `@unnumberedsec' and `@appendixsec' do not need to be used in +ordinary circumstances, because `@section' may also be used within +`@unnumbered' and `@appendix' chapters; again, see the previous section. + -File: texinfo.info, Node: subsection, Next: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading, Prev: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: subsection, Next: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading, Prev: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading, Up: Structuring 5.9 The `@subsection' Command ============================= @@ -3869,14 +3840,14 @@ Subsections are to sections as sections are to chapters. (*Note produces - This is a subsection - -------------------- + 1.2.3 This is a subsection + -------------------------- In a printed manual, subsections are listed in the table of contents and are numbered three levels deep. -File: texinfo.info, Node: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading, Next: subsubsection, Prev: subsection, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading, Next: subsubsection, Prev: subsection, Up: Structuring 5.10 The `@subsection'-like Commands ==================================== @@ -3895,8 +3866,13 @@ a subsection and an `@appendixsubsec' command produces a subsection-like heading labelled with a letter and numbers; both of these commands produce headings that appear in the table of contents. + `@unnumberedsubsec' and `@appendixsubsec' do not need to be used in +ordinary circumstances, because `@subsection' may also be used within +sections of `@unnumbered' and `@appendix' chapters (*note `section': +section.). + -File: texinfo.info, Node: subsubsection, Next: Raise/lower sections, Prev: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: subsubsection, Next: Raise/lower sections, Prev: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading, Up: Structuring 5.11 The `subsub' Commands ========================== @@ -3928,17 +3904,22 @@ The fourth and lowest level sectioning commands in Texinfo are the Info, subsubheadings look exactly like ordinary subsubsection headings. + `@unnumberedsubsubsec' and `@appendixsubsubsec' do not need to be +used in ordinary circumstances, because `@subsubsection' may also be +used within subsections of `@unnumbered' and `@appendix' chapters +(*note `section': section.). + In Info, `subsub' titles are underlined with periods. For example, @subsubsection This is a subsubsection produces - This is a subsubsection - ....................... + 1.2.3.4 This is a subsubsection + ............................... -File: texinfo.info, Node: Raise/lower sections, Prev: subsubsection, Up: Structuring +File: texinfo, Node: Raise/lower sections, Prev: subsubsection, Up: Structuring 5.12 `@raisesections' and `@lowersections' ========================================== @@ -3988,7 +3969,7 @@ structure won't be correct. its own. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Nodes, Next: Menus, Prev: Structuring, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Nodes, Next: Menus, Prev: Structuring, Up: Top 6 Nodes ******* @@ -4018,7 +3999,7 @@ other manuals, from mail archives, and so on. * anchor:: Defining arbitrary cross-reference targets. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Two Paths, Next: Node Menu Illustration, Up: Nodes +File: texinfo, Node: Two Paths, Next: Node Menu Illustration, Up: Nodes 6.1 Two Paths ============= @@ -4049,7 +4030,7 @@ out. Similarly, node pointers and menus are organized to create a matching structure in the Info output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Node Menu Illustration, Next: node, Prev: Two Paths, Up: Nodes +File: texinfo, Node: Node Menu Illustration, Next: node, Prev: Two Paths, Up: Nodes 6.2 Node and Menu Illustration ============================== @@ -4116,7 +4097,7 @@ section to section (sometimes, as shown, the `Previous' pointer points up); an `Up' pointer usually leads to a node at the level above (closer to the `Top' node); and a `Menu' leads to nodes at a level below (closer to `leaves'). (A cross reference can point to a node at any level; see -*Note Cross References::.) +*note Cross References::.) Usually, an `@node' command and a chapter structuring command are used in sequence, along with indexing commands. (You may follow the @@ -4135,7 +4116,7 @@ an `@chapter' line, and then by indexing lines. @cindex File ending -File: texinfo.info, Node: node, Next: makeinfo Pointer Creation, Prev: Node Menu Illustration, Up: Nodes +File: texinfo, Node: node, Next: makeinfo Pointer Creation, Prev: Node Menu Illustration, Up: Nodes 6.3 The `@node' Command ======================= @@ -4152,33 +4133,38 @@ so a chapter or section may contain any number of nodes. Indeed, a chapter usually contains several nodes, one for each section, subsection, and subsubsection. - To create a node, write an `@node' command at the beginning of a + To specify a node, write an `@node' command at the beginning of a line, and follow it with up to four arguments, separated by commas, on the rest of the same line. The first argument is required; it is the -name of this node. The subsequent arguments are the names of the -`Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers, in that order, and may be omitted -if your Texinfo document is hierarchically organized (*note makeinfo +name of this node (for details of node names, *note Node Line +Requirements::). The subsequent arguments are the names of the `Next', +`Previous', and `Up' pointers, in that order, and may be omitted if +your Texinfo document is hierarchically organized (*note makeinfo Pointer Creation::). - You may insert spaces before each name if you wish; the spaces are -ignored. You must write the name of the node and (if present) the names -of the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers all on the same line. -Otherwise, the formatters fail. (*note info: (info)Top, for more -information about nodes in Info.) + Whether the node pointers are specified implicitly or explicitly, the +HTML output from `makeinfo' for each node includes links to the `Next', +`Previous', and `Up' nodes. The HTML also uses the `accesskey' +attribute with the values `n', `p', and `u' respectively. This allows +people using web browsers to follow the nagivation using (typically) +`M-LETTER', e.g., `M-n' for the `Next' node, from anywhere within the +node. + + You may insert spaces before each name on the `@node' line if you +wish; the spaces are ignored. You must write the name of the node and +(if present) the names of the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers all +on the same line. Otherwise, the formatters fail. (*note info: +(info)Top, for more information about nodes in Info.) Usually, you write one of the chapter-structuring command lines immediately after an `@node' line--for example, an `@section' or `@subsection' line. (*Note Structuring Command Types::.) - Note: The GNU Emacs Texinfo mode updating commands work only with - Texinfo files in which `@node' lines are followed by chapter - structuring lines. *Note Updating Requirements::. - TeX uses `@node' lines to identify the names to use for cross references. For this reason, you must write `@node' lines in a Texinfo file that you intend to format for printing, even if you do not intend to format it for Info. (Cross references, such as the one at the end -of this sentence, are made with `@xref' and related commands; see *Note +of this sentence, are made with `@xref' and related commands; see *note Cross References::.) * Menu: @@ -4191,20 +4177,21 @@ Cross References::.) * makeinfo top command:: How to use the `@top' command. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Node Names, Next: Writing a Node, Up: node +File: texinfo, Node: Node Names, Next: Writing a Node, Up: node 6.3.1 Choosing Node and Pointer Names ------------------------------------- -The name of a node identifies the node. The pointers enable you to -reach other nodes and consist simply of the names of those nodes. +The name of a node identifies the node (for details of node names, +*note Node Line Requirements::). The pointers enable you to reach +other nodes and consist simply of the names of those nodes. Normally, a node's `Up' pointer contains the name of the node whose menu mentions that node. The node's `Next' pointer contains the name -of the node that follows that node in that menu and its `Previous' -pointer contains the name of the node that precedes it in that menu. -When a node's `Previous' node is the same as its `Up' node, both node -pointers name the same node. +of the node that follows the present node in that menu and its +`Previous' pointer contains the name of the node that precedes it in +that menu. When a node's `Previous' node is the same as its `Up' node, +both node pointers name the same node. Usually, the first node of a Texinfo file is the `Top' node, and its `Up' and `Previous' pointers point to the `dir' file, which contains @@ -4219,10 +4206,10 @@ first node of a Texinfo file. can write the nodes in the Texinfo source file in an arbitrary order! Because TeX processes the file sequentially, irrespective of node pointers, you must write the nodes in the order you wish them to appear -in the printed output. +in the output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Writing a Node, Next: Node Line Tips, Prev: Node Names, Up: node +File: texinfo, Node: Writing a Node, Next: Node Line Tips, Prev: Node Names, Up: node 6.3.2 How to Write an `@node' Line ---------------------------------- @@ -4236,7 +4223,7 @@ beginning of a line and then the name of the node, like this: provided by Texinfo mode to insert the names of the pointers; or you can leave the pointers out of the Texinfo file and let `makeinfo' insert node pointers into the Info file it creates. (*Note Texinfo -Mode::, and *Note makeinfo Pointer Creation::.) +Mode::, and *note makeinfo Pointer Creation::.) Alternatively, you can insert the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers yourself. If you do this, you may find it helpful to use the @@ -4251,6 +4238,12 @@ are not familiar with Texinfo. @node NODE-NAME, NEXT, PREVIOUS, UP + The NODE-NAME argument must be present, but the others are optional. +If you wish to specify some but not others, just insert commas as +needed, as in: `@node mynode,,,uppernode'. However, we recommend +leaving off all the pointers and letting `makeinfo' determine them, as +described above. + If you wish, you can ignore `@node' lines altogether in your first draft and then use the `texinfo-insert-node-lines' command to create `@node' lines for you. However, we do not recommend this practice. It @@ -4267,7 +4260,7 @@ to the node in the index. Use them all. This will make it much easier for people to find the node. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Node Line Tips, Next: Node Line Requirements, Prev: Writing a Node, Up: node +File: texinfo, Node: Node Line Tips, Next: Node Line Requirements, Prev: Writing a Node, Up: node 6.3.3 `@node' Line Tips ----------------------- @@ -4289,7 +4282,7 @@ Here are three suggestions: capitalized; others are not. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Node Line Requirements, Next: First Node, Prev: Node Line Tips, Up: node +File: texinfo, Node: Node Line Requirements, Next: First Node, Prev: Node Line Tips, Up: node 6.3.4 `@node' Line Requirements ------------------------------- @@ -4315,7 +4308,7 @@ Here are several requirements for `@node' lines: punctuation characters that are escaped with a `@', such as `@' and `{', and accent commands such as `@''. (For a few cases when this is useful, Texinfo has limited support for using @-commands in - node names; see *Note Pointer Validation::.) Perhaps this + node names; see *note Pointer Validation::.) Perhaps this limitation will be removed some day. * Unfortunately, you cannot use periods, commas, colons or @@ -4344,7 +4337,7 @@ Here are several requirements for `@node' lines: but with the internal spaces. -File: texinfo.info, Node: First Node, Next: makeinfo top command, Prev: Node Line Requirements, Up: node +File: texinfo, Node: First Node, Next: makeinfo top command, Prev: Node Line Requirements, Up: node 6.3.5 The First Node -------------------- @@ -4367,11 +4360,7 @@ Node::, for more information on the Top node contents and examples. `dir' file, which contains the main menu for the Info system as a whole. - * On the other hand, do not define the `Previous' node of the Top - node to be `(dir)', as it causes confusing behavior for users: if - you are in the Top node and hits <DEL> to go backwards, you wind - up in the middle of the some other entry in the `dir' file, which - has nothing to do with what you were reading. + * The `Prev' node of the Top node should also be your `(dir)' file. * The `Next' node of the Top node should be the first chapter in your document. @@ -4380,16 +4369,13 @@ Node::, for more information on the Top node contents and examples. *Note Installing an Info File::, for more information about installing an Info file in the `info' directory. - For concreteness, here is an example with explicit pointers (which you -can maintain automatically with the texinfo mode commands): - - Or you can leave the pointers off entirely and let the tools -implicitly define them. This is recommended. Thus: + It is usually best to leave the pointers off entirely and let the +tools implicitly define them, with this simple result: @node Top -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo top command, Prev: First Node, Up: node +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo top command, Prev: First Node, Up: node 6.3.6 The `@top' Sectioning Command ----------------------------------- @@ -4420,13 +4406,14 @@ menus. @top Your Manual Title -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo Pointer Creation, Next: anchor, Prev: node, Up: Nodes +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo Pointer Creation, Next: anchor, Prev: node, Up: Nodes 6.4 Creating Pointers with `makeinfo' ===================================== The `makeinfo' program has a feature for automatically determining node -pointers for a hierarchically organized document. +pointers for a hierarchically organized document. We highly recommend +using it. When you take advantage of this feature, you do not need to write the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers after the name of a node. @@ -4442,7 +4429,12 @@ beginning with `@top' to mark the `Top' node in the file. *Note node) in a menu that is one or more hierarchical levels above the node's hierarchical level. - This implicit node pointer insertion feature in `makeinfo' relieves + If you use a detailed menu in your master menu (*note Master Menu +Parts::), mark it with the `@detailmenu @dots{} @end detailmenu' +environment, or `makeinfo' will get confused, typically about the last +and/or first node in the document. + + This implicit node pointer creation feature in `makeinfo' relieves you from the need to update menus and pointers manually or with Texinfo mode commands. (*Note Updating Nodes and Menus::.) @@ -4453,10 +4445,10 @@ sectioning commands at all (for example, if you never intend the document to be printed). The special procedure for handling the short text before a menu (*note Menus::) also disables this feature, for that group of nodes. In those cases, you will need to explicitly specify -the pointers. +all pointers. -File: texinfo.info, Node: anchor, Prev: makeinfo Pointer Creation, Up: Nodes +File: texinfo, Node: anchor, Prev: makeinfo Pointer Creation, Up: Nodes 6.5 `@anchor': Defining Arbitrary Cross-reference Targets ========================================================= @@ -4485,16 +4477,19 @@ cross-reference commands. It is best to put `@anchor' commands just before the position you wish to refer to; that way, the reader's eye is led on to the correct text when they jump to the anchor. You can put the `@anchor' command -on a line by itself if that helps readability of the source. Spaces -are always ignored after `@anchor'. +on a line by itself if that helps readability of the source. +Whitespace (including newlines) is ignored after `@anchor'. Anchor names and node names may not conflict. Anchors and nodes are given similar treatment in some ways; for example, the `goto-node' command in standalone Info takes either an anchor name or a node name as an argument. (*Note goto-node: (info-stnd)goto-node.) + Also like node names, anchor names cannot include some characters +(*note Node Line Requirements::). + -File: texinfo.info, Node: Menus, Next: Cross References, Prev: Nodes, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Menus, Next: Cross References, Prev: Nodes, Up: Top 7 Menus ******* @@ -4504,11 +4499,11 @@ use menus to go to such nodes. Menus have no effect in printed manuals and do not appear in them. A node with a menu should not contain much text. If you find yourself -writing a lot of before a menu, we generally recommend moving most of -the text into a new subnode--all but a paragraph or two. Otherwise, a -reader with a terminal that displays only a few lines may miss the menu -and its associated text. As a practical matter, it is best to locate a -menu within 20 or so lines of the beginning of the node. +writing a lot of text before a menu, we generally recommend moving most +of the text into a new subnode--all but a paragraph or two. Otherwise, +a reader with a terminal that displays only a few lines may miss the +menu and its associated text. As a practical matter, it is best to +locate a menu within 20 or so lines of the beginning of the node. * Menu: @@ -4520,7 +4515,7 @@ menu within 20 or so lines of the beginning of the node. * Other Info Files:: How to refer to a different Info file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Menu Location, Next: Writing a Menu, Up: Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Menu Location, Next: Writing a Menu, Up: Menus 7.1 Menu Location ================= @@ -4547,13 +4542,13 @@ document. Instead, use cross references to refer to arbitrary nodes. `@ifinfo' conditional instead of the normal sectioning commands after a very short node with a menu. This had the advantage of making the printed output look better, because there was no very short text -between two headings on the page. But aside from not working with -`makeinfo''s implicit pointer creation, it also makes the XML output -incorrect, since it does not reflect the true document structure. So, -unfortunately we can no longer recommend this. +between two headings on the page. But this also does not work with +`makeinfo''s implicit pointer creation, and it also makes the XML +output incorrect, since it does not reflect the true document +structure. So, regrettably, we can no longer recommend this. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Writing a Menu, Next: Menu Parts, Prev: Menu Location, Up: Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Writing a Menu, Next: Menu Parts, Prev: Menu Location, Up: Menus 7.2 Writing a Menu ================== @@ -4580,8 +4575,13 @@ above, the line `Larger Units of Text' is a menu comment line; the two lines starting with `* ' are menu entries. Space characters in a menu are preserved as-is; this allows you to format the menu as you wish. + In the HTML output from `makeinfo', the `accesskey' attribute is used +with the values `1'...`9' for the first nine entries. This allows +people using web browsers to follow the first menu entries using +(typically) `M-DIGIT', e.g., `M-1' for the first entry. + -File: texinfo.info, Node: Menu Parts, Next: Less Cluttered Menu Entry, Prev: Writing a Menu, Up: Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Menu Parts, Next: Less Cluttered Menu Entry, Prev: Writing a Menu, Up: Menus 7.3 The Parts of a Menu ======================= @@ -4613,7 +4613,7 @@ authors prefer to indent the second line while others prefer to align it with the first (and all others). It's up to you. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Less Cluttered Menu Entry, Next: Menu Example, Prev: Menu Parts, Up: Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Less Cluttered Menu Entry, Next: Menu Example, Prev: Menu Parts, Up: Menus 7.4 Less Cluttered Menu Entry ============================= @@ -4634,7 +4634,7 @@ instead of possible, since it reduces visual clutter in the menu. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Menu Example, Next: Other Info Files, Prev: Less Cluttered Menu Entry, Up: Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Menu Example, Next: Other Info Files, Prev: Less Cluttered Menu Entry, Up: Menus 7.5 A Menu Example ================== @@ -4683,7 +4683,7 @@ they must be the names of nodes in the same Info file (*note Referring to Other Info Files: Other Info Files.). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Other Info Files, Prev: Menu Example, Up: Menus +File: texinfo, Node: Other Info Files, Prev: Menu Example, Up: Menus 7.6 Referring to Other Info Files ================================= @@ -4731,7 +4731,7 @@ within the current buffer, so you cannot use them to create menus that refer to other files. You must write such menus by hand. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Cross References, Next: Marking Text, Prev: Menus, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Cross References, Next: Marking Text, Prev: Menus, Up: Top 8 Cross References ****************** @@ -4753,7 +4753,7 @@ places to which cross references can refer. * uref:: How to refer to a uniform resource locator. -File: texinfo.info, Node: References, Next: Cross Reference Commands, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: References, Next: Cross Reference Commands, Up: Cross References 8.1 What References Are For =========================== @@ -4790,7 +4790,7 @@ not be used online, you must nonetheless write `@node' lines to name the places to which you make cross references. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Cross Reference Commands, Next: Cross Reference Parts, Prev: References, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: Cross Reference Commands, Next: Cross Reference Parts, Prev: References, Up: Cross References 8.2 Different Cross Reference Commands ====================================== @@ -4820,7 +4820,7 @@ for which there is no corresponding Info file and, therefore, no node to which to point. *Note `@cite': cite.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Cross Reference Parts, Next: xref, Prev: Cross Reference Commands, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: Cross Reference Parts, Next: xref, Prev: Cross Reference Commands, Up: Cross References 8.3 Parts of a Cross Reference ============================== @@ -4868,9 +4868,11 @@ in a printed book. references within the same document. 2. The cross reference name for the Info reference, if it is to be - different from the node name. If you include this argument, it - becomes the first part of the cross reference. It is usually - omitted. + different from the node name or the topic description. If you + include this argument, it becomes the first part of the cross + reference. It is usually omitted; then the topic description + (third argument) is used if it was specified; if that was omitted + as well, the node name is used. 3. A topic description or section name. Often, this is the title of the section. This is used as the name of the reference in the @@ -4901,7 +4903,7 @@ write `@xref' at the beginning of a sentence; write `@pxref' only within parentheses, and so on. -File: texinfo.info, Node: xref, Next: Top Node Naming, Prev: Cross Reference Parts, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: xref, Next: Top Node Naming, Prev: Cross Reference Parts, Up: Cross References 8.4 `@xref' =========== @@ -4921,7 +4923,7 @@ reference, or a reference to another book or manual. * Four and Five Arguments:: `@xref' with four and five arguments. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Reference Syntax, Next: One Argument, Up: xref +File: texinfo, Node: Reference Syntax, Next: One Argument, Up: xref 8.4.1 What a Reference Looks Like and Requires ---------------------------------------------- @@ -4968,7 +4970,7 @@ cross reference that looks somewhat different. mistake them for separators. -File: texinfo.info, Node: One Argument, Next: Two Arguments, Prev: Reference Syntax, Up: xref +File: texinfo, Node: One Argument, Next: Two Arguments, Prev: Reference Syntax, Up: xref 8.4.2 `@xref' with One Argument ------------------------------- @@ -5009,7 +5011,7 @@ and comma, and then by the clause, which is followed by a period.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Two Arguments, Next: Three Arguments, Prev: One Argument, Up: xref +File: texinfo, Node: Two Arguments, Next: Three Arguments, Prev: One Argument, Up: xref 8.4.3 `@xref' with Two Arguments -------------------------------- @@ -5053,7 +5055,7 @@ and comma, and then by the clause, which is followed by a period.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Three Arguments, Next: Four and Five Arguments, Prev: Two Arguments, Up: xref +File: texinfo, Node: Three Arguments, Next: Four and Five Arguments, Prev: Two Arguments, Up: xref 8.4.4 `@xref' with Three Arguments ---------------------------------- @@ -5123,7 +5125,7 @@ are different. @xref{Regexp, , Regular Expressions as Patterns}. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Four and Five Arguments, Prev: Three Arguments, Up: xref +File: texinfo, Node: Four and Five Arguments, Prev: Three Arguments, Up: xref 8.4.5 `@xref' with Four and Five Arguments ------------------------------------------ @@ -5201,7 +5203,7 @@ this case, you need to specify only the fourth argument, and not the fifth. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Top Node Naming, Next: ref, Prev: xref, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: Top Node Naming, Next: ref, Prev: xref, Up: Cross References 8.5 Naming a `Top' Node ======================= @@ -5209,7 +5211,7 @@ File: texinfo.info, Node: Top Node Naming, Next: ref, Prev: xref, Up: Cross In a cross reference, you must always name a node. This means that in order to refer to a whole manual, you must identify the `Top' node by writing it as the first argument to the `@xref' command. (This is -different from the way you write a menu entry; see *Note Referring to +different from the way you write a menu entry; see *note Referring to Other Info Files: Other Info Files.) At the same time, to provide a meaningful section topic or title in the printed cross reference (instead of the word `Top'), you must write an appropriate entry for @@ -5231,7 +5233,7 @@ In this example, `Top' is the name of the first node, and `Overview' is the name of the first section of the manual. -File: texinfo.info, Node: ref, Next: pxref, Prev: Top Node Naming, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: ref, Next: pxref, Prev: Top Node Naming, Up: Cross References 8.6 `@ref' ========== @@ -5242,15 +5244,16 @@ useful as the last part of a sentence. For example, - For more information, see @ref{Hurricanes}. + For more information, @pxref{This}, and @ref{That}. -produces (in Info): +produces in Info: - For more information, see *Note Hurricanes::. + For more information, *note This::, and *note That::. -and (in printed output): +and in printed output: - For more information, see Section 8.2 [Hurricanes], page 123. + For more information, see Section 1.1 [This], page 1, and Section + 1.2 [That], page 2. The `@ref' command sometimes tempts writers to express themselves in a manner that is suitable for a printed manual but looks awkward in the @@ -5263,50 +5266,44 @@ looks ok in the printed output: Sea surges are described in Section 6.7 [Hurricanes], page 72. -but is awkward to read in Info: +but is awkward to read in Info, "note" being a verb: - Sea surges are described in *Note Hurricanes::. + Sea surges are described in *note Hurricanes::. - Caution: You should write a period or comma immediately after an - `@ref' command with two or more arguments. Otherwise, Info will - generate a (grammatically incorrect) period, just so the - cross-reference doesn't fail completely. + You should write a period or comma immediately after an `@ref' +command with two or more arguments. If there is no such following +punctuation, `makeinfo' will generate a (grammatically incorrect) +period in the Info output; otherwise, the cross-reference would fail +completely, due to the current syntax of Info format. - As a general rule, you should write a period or comma after every -`@ref' command. This works best in both the printed and the Info -output. + In general, it is best to use `@ref' only when you need some word +other than "see" to precede the reference. When "see" (or "See") is +ok, `@xref' and `@pxref' are preferable. -File: texinfo.info, Node: pxref, Next: inforef, Prev: ref, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: pxref, Next: inforef, Prev: ref, Up: Cross References 8.7 `@pxref' ============ The parenthetical reference command, `@pxref', is nearly the same as -`@xref', but you use it _only_ inside parentheses and you do _not_ type -a comma or period after the command's closing brace. The command -differs from `@xref' in two ways: +`@xref', but it is best used at the end of a sentence or before a +closing parenthesis. The command differs from `@xref' in two ways: 1. TeX typesets the reference for the printed manual with a lower case `see' rather than an upper case `See'. 2. The Info formatting commands automatically end the reference with a - closing colon or period. - - Because one type of formatting automatically inserts closing -punctuation and the other does not, you should use `@pxref' _only_ -inside parentheses as part of another sentence. Also, you yourself -should not insert punctuation after the reference, as you do with -`@xref'. + closing colon or period, if necessary. `@pxref' is designed so that the output looks right and works right -between parentheses both in printed output and in an Info file. In a -printed manual, a closing comma or period should not follow a cross -reference within parentheses; such punctuation is wrong. But in an -Info file, suitable closing punctuation must follow the cross reference -so Info can recognize its end. `@pxref' spares you the need to use -complicated methods to put a terminator into one form of the output and -not the other. +at the end of a sentence or parenthetical phrase, both in printed +output and in an Info file. In a printed manual, a closing comma or +period should not follow a cross reference within parentheses; such +punctuation is wrong. But in an Info file, suitable closing +punctuation must follow the cross reference so Info can recognize its +end. `@pxref' spares you the need to use complicated methods to put a +terminator into one form of the output and not the other. With one argument, a parenthetical cross reference looks like this: @@ -5314,7 +5311,7 @@ With one argument, a parenthetical cross reference looks like this: which produces - ... storms cause flooding (*Note Hurricanes::) ... + ... storms cause flooding (*note Hurricanes::) ... and @@ -5327,32 +5324,47 @@ and which produces - ... (*Note CROSS-REFERENCE-NAME: NODE-NAME.) ... + ... (*note CROSS-REFERENCE-NAME: NODE-NAME.) ... and ... (see Section NNN [NODE-NAME], page PPP) ... - `@pxref' can be used with up to five arguments just like `@xref' + `@pxref' can be used with up to five arguments, just like `@xref' (*note `@xref': xref.). - Caution: Use `@pxref' only as a parenthetical reference. Do not - try to use `@pxref' as a clause in a sentence. It will look bad - in either the Info file, the printed output, or both. + In past versions of Texinfo, it was not allowed to write punctuation +after a `@pxref', so it could be used _only_ before a right +parenthesis. This is no longer the case, so now it can be used (for +example) at the end of a sentence, where a lowercase "see" works best. +For instance: + + ... For more information, @pxref{More}. - Parenthetical cross references look best at the ends of sentences. -Although they technically work in the middle of a sentence, that -location breaks up the flow of reading. +which outputs (in Info): + + ... For more information, *note More::. + +This works fine. `@pxref' should only be followed by a comma, period, +or right parenthesis; in other cases, `makeinfo' has to insert a period +to make the cross-reference work correctly in Info, and that period +looks wrong. + + As a matter of general style, `@pxref' is best used at the ends of +sentences. Although it technically works in the middle of a sentence, +that location breaks up the flow of reading. -File: texinfo.info, Node: inforef, Next: uref, Prev: pxref, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: inforef, Next: uref, Prev: pxref, Up: Cross References 8.8 `@inforef' ============== -`@inforef' is used for cross references to Info files for which there -are no printed manuals. Even in a printed manual, `@inforef' generates -a reference directing the user to look in an Info file. +`@inforef' is used for making cross references to Info documents--even +from a printed manual. This might be because you want to refer to +conditional `@ifinfo' text (*note Conditionals::), or because printed +output is not available (perhaps because there is no Texinfo source), +among other possibilities. The command takes either two or three arguments, in the following order: @@ -5371,37 +5383,28 @@ The template is: @inforef{NODE-NAME, CROSS-REFERENCE-NAME, INFO-FILE-NAME}, -Thus, +For example, @inforef{Advanced, Advanced Info commands, info}, for more information. -produces +produces (in Info): *Note Advanced Info commands: (info)Advanced, for more information. -and +and (in the printed output): See Info file `info', node `Advanced', for more information. -Similarly, - - @inforef{Advanced, , info}, for more information. - -produces - - *Note (info)Advanced::, for more information. - -and - - See Info file `info', node `Advanced', for more information. + (This particular example is not realistic, since the Info manual is +written in Texinfo, so all formats are available.) The converse of `@inforef' is `@cite', which is used to refer to printed works for which no Info form exists. *Note `@cite': cite. -File: texinfo.info, Node: uref, Prev: inforef, Up: Cross References +File: texinfo, Node: uref, Prev: inforef, Up: Cross References 8.9 `@url', `@uref{URL[, TEXT][, REPLACEMENT]}' =============================================== @@ -5414,7 +5417,7 @@ link you can follow. `@url' is a synonym for `@uref'. Originally, `@url' had the meaning of `@indicateurl' (*note `@indicateurl': indicateurl.), but in actual practice it was misused the vast majority of the time. So we've -changed the definitions. +changed the meaning. The second argument, if specified, is the text to display (the default is the url itself); in Info and DVI output, but not in HTML output, the @@ -5456,13 +5459,13 @@ and the HTML output is this: holds programs and texts. An example of the three-argument form: - The @uref{/man.cgi/1/ls,,ls(1)} program ... + The @uref{/man.cgi/1/ls,,ls} program ... produces: - The ls(1) program ... + The ls program ... but with HTML: - The <a href="/man.cgi/1/ls">ls(1)</a> program ... + The <a href="/man.cgi/1/ls">ls</a> program ... To merely indicate a url without creating a link people can follow, use `@indicateurl' (*note `@indicateurl': indicateurl.). @@ -5477,7 +5480,7 @@ software that tries to detect url's in text already has to detect them without the `<URL:' to be useful. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Marking Text, Next: Quotations and Examples, Prev: Cross References, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Marking Text, Next: Quotations and Examples, Prev: Cross References, Up: Top 9 Marking Words and Phrases *************************** @@ -5494,7 +5497,7 @@ program. Also, you can emphasize text, in several different ways. * Emphasis:: How to emphasize text. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Indicating, Next: Emphasis, Up: Marking Text +File: texinfo, Node: Indicating, Next: Emphasis, Up: Marking Text 9.1 Indicating Definitions, Commands, etc. ========================================== @@ -5522,21 +5525,22 @@ not something else that should not be changed. * code:: Indicating program code. * kbd:: Showing keyboard input. * key:: Specifying keys. -* samp:: A literal sequence of characters. -* verb:: A verbatim sequence of characters. +* samp:: Indicating a literal sequence of characters. +* verb:: Indicating a verbatim sequence of characters. * var:: Indicating metasyntactic variables. * env:: Indicating environment variables. * file:: Indicating file names. * command:: Indicating command names. * option:: Indicating option names. * dfn:: Specifying definitions. -* cite:: Referring to books not in the Info system. +* cite:: Referring to books not in the Info system. +* abbr:: Indicating abbreviations. * acronym:: Indicating acronyms. -* indicateurl:: Indicating a World Wide Web reference. +* indicateurl:: Indicating an example URL. * email:: Indicating an electronic mail address. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Useful Highlighting, Next: code, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: Useful Highlighting, Next: code, Up: Indicating 9.1.1 Highlighting Commands are Useful -------------------------------------- @@ -5552,50 +5556,61 @@ construct an index of functions if you had not already made the entries. `@code{SAMPLE-CODE}' Indicate text that is a literal example of a piece of a program. + *Note `@code': code. `@kbd{KEYBOARD-CHARACTERS}' - Indicate keyboard input. + Indicate keyboard input. *Note `@kbd': kbd. `@key{KEY-NAME}' - Indicate the conventional name for a key on a keyboard. + Indicate the conventional name for a key on a keyboard. *Note + `@key': key. `@samp{TEXT}' Indicate text that is a literal example of a sequence of - characters. + characters. *Note `@samp': samp. + +`@verb{TEXT}' + Write a verbatim sequence of characters. *Note `@verb': verb. `@var{METASYNTACTIC-VARIABLE}' - Indicate a metasyntactic variable. + Indicate a metasyntactic variable. *Note `@var': var. `@env{ENVIRONMENT-VARIABLE}' - Indicate an environment variable. + Indicate an environment variable. *Note `@env': env. `@file{FILE-NAME}' - Indicate the name of a file. + Indicate the name of a file. *Note `@file': file. `@command{COMMAND-NAME}' - Indicate the name of a command. + Indicate the name of a command. *Note `@command': command. `@option{OPTION}' - Indicate a command-line option. + Indicate a command-line option. *Note `@option': option. `@dfn{TERM}' - Indicate the introductory or defining use of a term. + Indicate the introductory or defining use of a term. *Note + `@dfn': dfn. `@cite{REFERENCE}' - Indicate the name of a book. + Indicate the name of a book. *Note `@cite': cite. + +`@abbr{ABBREVIATION}' + Indicate an abbreviation. `@acronym{ACRONYM}' - Indicate an acronym. + Indicate an acronym. *Note `@acronym': acronym. `@indicateurl{UNIFORM-RESOURCE-LOCATOR}' - Indicate a uniform resource locator for the World Wide Web. + Indicate an example (that is, nonfunctional) uniform resource + locator. *Note `@indicateurl': indicateurl. (Use `@url' (*note + `@url': uref.) for live url's.) `@email{EMAIL-ADDRESS[, DISPLAYED-TEXT]}' - Indicate an electronic mail address. + Indicate an electronic mail address. *Note `@email': email. -File: texinfo.info, Node: code, Next: kbd, Prev: Useful Highlighting, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: code, Next: kbd, Prev: Useful Highlighting, Up: Indicating 9.1.2 `@code'{SAMPLE-CODE} -------------------------- @@ -5625,17 +5640,15 @@ sentence. In the printed manual, `@code' causes TeX to typeset the argument in a typewriter face. In the Info file, it causes the Info formatting -commands to use single quotation marks around the text. - - For example, +commands to use single quotation marks around the text. For example, The function returns @code{nil}. -produces this in the printed manual: +produces this: The function returns `nil'. - Here are some cases for which it is preferable not to use `@code': + Here are some cases for which it is preferable _not_ to use `@code': * For shell command names such as `ls' (use `@command'). @@ -5670,8 +5683,12 @@ options, and environment variables. The new commands allow you to express the markup more precisely, but there is no real harm in using the older commands, and of course the long-standing manuals do so. + Ordinarily, TeX will consider breaking lines at `-' and `_' +characters within `@code' and related commands. This can be controlled +with `@allowcodebreaks' (*note `@allowcodebreaks': allowcodebreaks.). + -File: texinfo.info, Node: kbd, Next: key, Prev: code, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: kbd, Next: key, Prev: code, Up: Indicating 9.1.3 `@kbd'{KEYBOARD-CHARACTERS} --------------------------------- @@ -5738,7 +5755,7 @@ explicitly want to mention a space character as one of the characters of input, write `@key{SPC}' for it.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: key, Next: samp, Prev: kbd, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: key, Next: samp, Prev: kbd, Up: Indicating 9.1.4 `@key'{KEY-NAME} ---------------------- @@ -5752,9 +5769,10 @@ keyboard, as in: command when the sequence of characters to be typed includes one or more keys that are described by name. - For example, to produce `C-x <ESC>' you would type: + For example, to produce `C-x <ESC>' and `M-<TAB>' you would type: @kbd{C-x @key{ESC}} + @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} Here is a list of the recommended names for keys: @@ -5767,7 +5785,7 @@ more keys that are described by name. LFD Linefeed (however, since most keyboards nowadays do not have a Linefeed key, it might be better to call this character - `C-j'. + `C-j') TAB Tab @@ -5778,7 +5796,7 @@ more keys that are described by name. ESC Escape - DEL + DELETE Delete SHIFT @@ -5797,8 +5815,11 @@ do not use the `@key' command; but when you are referring to the modifier key in isolation, use the `@key' command. For example, write `@kbd{Meta-a}' to produce `Meta-a' and `@key{META}' to produce <META>. + As a convention in GNU manuals, `@key' should not be used in index +entries. + -File: texinfo.info, Node: samp, Next: verb, Prev: key, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: samp, Next: verb, Prev: key, Up: Indicating 9.1.5 `@samp'{TEXT} ------------------- @@ -5838,7 +5859,7 @@ This produces: `y'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: verb, Next: var, Prev: samp, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: verb, Next: var, Prev: samp, Up: Indicating 9.1.6 `@verb'{<char>TEXT<char>} ------------------------------- @@ -5863,9 +5884,11 @@ text, where the three characters `@{}' are special. With `@verb', nothing is special except the delimiter character you choose. It is not reliable to use `@verb' inside other Texinfo constructs. +In particular, it does not work to use `@verb' in anything related to +cross-referencing, such as section titles or figure captions. -File: texinfo.info, Node: var, Next: env, Prev: verb, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: var, Next: env, Prev: verb, Up: Indicating 9.1.7 `@var'{METASYNTACTIC-VARIABLE} ------------------------------------ @@ -5924,7 +5947,7 @@ modify the sources to `texinfo.tex' and the Info formatting commands to output the `<...>' format if you wish.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: env, Next: file, Prev: var, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: env, Next: file, Prev: var, Up: Indicating 9.1.8 `@env'{ENVIRONMENT-VARIABLE} ---------------------------------- @@ -5941,7 +5964,7 @@ variables; use `@var' instead (see the previous section). The `PATH' environment variable ... -File: texinfo.info, Node: file, Next: command, Prev: env, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: file, Next: command, Prev: env, Up: Indicating 9.1.9 `@file'{FILE-NAME} ------------------------ @@ -5962,7 +5985,7 @@ produces The `.el' files are in the `/usr/local/emacs/lisp' directory. -File: texinfo.info, Node: command, Next: option, Prev: file, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: command, Next: option, Prev: file, Up: Indicating 9.1.10 `@command'{COMMAND-NAME} ------------------------------- @@ -5985,7 +6008,7 @@ such as `Emacs' or `Bison'. should use either `@samp' or `@code' at your discretion. -File: texinfo.info, Node: option, Next: dfn, Prev: command, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: option, Next: dfn, Prev: command, Up: Indicating 9.1.11 `@option'{OPTION-NAME} ----------------------------- @@ -6004,7 +6027,7 @@ example, `-l' or `--version' or `--output=FILENAME'. effect. -File: texinfo.info, Node: dfn, Next: cite, Prev: option, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: dfn, Next: cite, Prev: option, Up: Indicating 9.1.12 `@dfn'{TERM} ------------------- @@ -6028,7 +6051,7 @@ say explicitly that it is a definition, but it should contain the information of a definition--it should make the meaning clear. -File: texinfo.info, Node: cite, Next: acronym, Prev: dfn, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: cite, Next: abbr, Prev: dfn, Up: Indicating 9.1.13 `@cite'{REFERENCE} ------------------------- @@ -6042,28 +6065,68 @@ command since a reader can easily follow such a reference in Info. *Note `@xref': xref. -File: texinfo.info, Node: acronym, Next: indicateurl, Prev: cite, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: abbr, Next: acronym, Prev: cite, Up: Indicating -9.1.14 `@acronym'{ACRONYM[, MEANING]} +9.1.14 `@abbr'{ABBREVIATION[, MEANING]} +--------------------------------------- + +You can use the `@abbr' command for general abbreviations. The +abbreviation is given as the single argument in braces, as in +`@abbr{Comput.}'. As a matter of style, or for particular +abbreviations, you may prefer to omit periods, as in `@abbr{Mr} +Stallman'. + + `@abbr' accepts an optional second argument, intended to be used for +the meaning of the abbreviation. + + If the abbreviation ends with a lowercase letter and a period, and is +not at the end of a sentence, and has no second argument, remember to +use the `@.' command (*note Not Ending a Sentence::) to get the correct +spacing. However, you do not have to use `@.' within the abbreviation +itself; Texinfo automatically assumes periods within the abbreviation +do not end a sentence. + + In TeX and in the Info output, the first argument is printed as-is; +if the second argument is present, it is printed in parentheses after +the abbreviation. In HTML and XML, the `<abbr>' tag is used; in +Docbook, the `<abbrev>' tag is used. For instance: + + @abbr{Comput. J., Computer Journal} + +produces: + + Comput. J. (Computer Journal) + + For abbreviations consisting of all capital letters, you may prefer to +use the `@acronym' command instead. See the next section for more on +the usage of these two commands. + + +File: texinfo, Node: acronym, Next: indicateurl, Prev: abbr, Up: Indicating + +9.1.15 `@acronym'{ACRONYM[, MEANING]} ------------------------------------- Use the `@acronym' command for abbreviations written in all capital letters, such as `NASA'. The abbreviation is given as the single argument in braces, as in `@acronym{NASA}'. As a matter of style, or -for particular abbreviations, you may prefer to use periods, as in -`@acronym{F.B.I.}'. +for particular acronyms, you may prefer to use periods, as in +`@acronym{N.A.S.A.}'. + + `@acronym' accepts an optional second argument, intended to be used +for the meaning of the acronym. - If the acronym is at the end of a sentence, remember to use the -special `@.' and similar commands (*note Ending a Sentence::). + If the acronym is at the end of a sentence, and if there is no second +argument, remember to use the `@.' or similar command (*note Ending a +Sentence::) to get the correct spacing. In TeX, the acronym is printed in slightly smaller font. In the Info -output, the argument is printed as-is. In HTML, Docbook, and XML, the -`<acronym>' tag is used. +output, the argument is printed as-is. In either format, if the second +argument is present, it is printed in parentheses after the acronym. +In HTML, Docbook, and XML, the `<acronym>' tag is used. - `@acronym' accepts an optional second argument, intended to be used -for the meaning of the acronym. If present, it is printed in -parentheses after the acronym. For instance (since GNU is a recursive -acronym, we use `@acronym' recursively): + For instance (since GNU is a recursive acronym, we use `@acronym' +recursively): @acronym{GNU, @acronym{GNU}'s Not Unix} @@ -6075,10 +6138,34 @@ produces: capitals. Don't use `@acronym' for this, since a name is not an acronym. Use `@sc' instead (*note Smallcaps::). + `@abbr' and `@acronym' are closely related commands: they both signal +to the reader that a shortened form is being used, and possibly give a +meaning. When choosing whether to use these two commands, please bear +the following in mind. + + - In standard English usage, acronyms are a subset of abbreviations: + they include pronounceable words like `NATO', `radar', and + `snafu', and some sources also include syllable acronyms like + `Usenet', hybrids like `SIGGRAPH', and unpronounceable initialisms + like `FBI'. + + - In Texinfo, an acronym (but not an abbreviation) should consist + only of capital letters and periods, no lowercase. + + - In TeX, an acronym (but not an abbreviation) is printed in a + slightly smaller font. + + - Some browsers place a dotted bottom border under abbreviations but + not acronyms. + + - It's not essential to use these commands for all abbreviations. + Text is perfectly readable without them. + + -File: texinfo.info, Node: indicateurl, Next: email, Prev: acronym, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: indicateurl, Next: email, Prev: acronym, Up: Indicating -9.1.15 `@indicateurl'{UNIFORM-RESOURCE-LOCATOR} +9.1.16 `@indicateurl'{UNIFORM-RESOURCE-LOCATOR} ----------------------------------------------- Use the `@indicateurl' command to indicate a uniform resource locator @@ -6095,9 +6182,9 @@ which produces: For example, the url might be <http://example.org/path>. -File: texinfo.info, Node: email, Prev: indicateurl, Up: Indicating +File: texinfo, Node: email, Prev: indicateurl, Up: Indicating -9.1.16 `@email'{EMAIL-ADDRESS[, DISPLAYED-TEXT]} +9.1.17 `@email'{EMAIL-ADDRESS[, DISPLAYED-TEXT]} ------------------------------------------------ Use the `@email' command to indicate an electronic mail address. It @@ -6116,7 +6203,7 @@ composition window. For example: suggestions to the same place <bug-texinfo@gnu.org>. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Emphasis, Prev: Indicating, Up: Marking Text +File: texinfo, Node: Emphasis, Prev: Indicating, Up: Marking Text 9.2 Emphasizing Text ==================== @@ -6137,7 +6224,7 @@ regular use. * Fonts:: Various font commands for printed output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: emph & strong, Next: Smallcaps, Up: Emphasis +File: texinfo, Node: emph & strong, Next: Smallcaps, Up: Emphasis 9.2.1 `@emph'{TEXT} and `@strong'{TEXT} --------------------------------------- @@ -6174,7 +6261,7 @@ preceding example. `@quotation'--`Note' is allowable there. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Smallcaps, Next: Fonts, Prev: emph & strong, Up: Emphasis +File: texinfo, Node: Smallcaps, Next: Fonts, Prev: emph & strong, Up: Emphasis 9.2.2 `@sc'{TEXT}: The Small Caps Font -------------------------------------- @@ -6189,7 +6276,7 @@ This produces: Richard STALLMAN founded GNU. - As shown here, we recommend using `@acronym' for actual abbreviations + As shown here, we recommend using `@acronym' for actual acronyms (*note acronym::), and reserving `@sc' for special cases where you want small caps. The output is not the same (`@acronym' prints in a smaller text font, not the small caps font), but more importantly it describes @@ -6210,30 +6297,58 @@ output marked with the `<small>' tag to reduce the font size. We recommend using regular mixed case wherever possible. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Fonts, Prev: Smallcaps, Up: Emphasis +File: texinfo, Node: Fonts, Prev: Smallcaps, Up: Emphasis 9.2.3 Fonts for Printing, Not Info ---------------------------------- -Texinfo provides four font commands that specify font changes in the -printed manual and (where possible) in the HTML output, but have no -effect in the Info file. All four commands apply to an argument that -follows, surrounded by braces. +Texinfo provides one command to change the size of the main body font +in the TeX output for a document: `@fonttextsize'. It has no effect at +all in other output. It takes a single argument on the remainder of +the line, which must be either `10' or `11'. For example: -`@i' - selects an italic font; + @fonttextsize 10 + + The effect is to reduce the body font to a 10pt size (the default is +11pt). Fonts for other elements, such as sections and chapters, are +reduced accordingly. This should only be used in conjunction with +`@smallbook' (*note Printing "Small" Books: smallbook.) or similar, +since 10pt fonts on standard paper (8.5x11 or A4) are too small. One +reason to use this command is to save pages, and hence printing cost, +for physical books. + + Texinfo does not at present have commands to switch the font family +to use, or more general size-changing commands. + + Texinfo also provides a number of font commands that specify font +changes in the printed manual and (where possible) in the HTML output, +but have no effect in the Info file. All the commands apply to an +argument that follows, surrounded by braces. `@b' selects bold face; -`@t' - selects the fixed-width, typewriter-style font used by `@code'; +`@i' + selects an italic font; `@r' selects a roman font, which is the usual font in which text is - printed. + printed. It may or may not be seriffed. + +`@sansserif' + selects a sans serif font; + +`@slanted' + selects a slanted font; + +`@t' + selects the fixed-width, typewriter-style font used by `@code'; + (The commands with longer names were invented much later than the +others, at which time it did not seem desirable to use very short names +for such an infrequently needed feature.) + Only the `@r' command has much use: in example-like environments, you can use the `@r' command to write comments in the standard roman font instead of the fixed-width font. This looks better in printed output, @@ -6249,26 +6364,27 @@ produces (+ 2 2) ; Add two plus two. - In general, you should avoid using the other three font commands. If -you need to use one, it probably indicates a gap in the Texinfo -language. + In general, you should avoid using the other font commands. Some of +them are only useful when documenting functionality of specific font +effects, such as in TeX and related packages. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Quotations and Examples, Next: Lists and Tables, Prev: Marking Text, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Quotations and Examples, Next: Lists and Tables, Prev: Marking Text, Up: Top 10 Quotations and Examples ************************** Quotations and examples are blocks of text consisting of one or more whole paragraphs that are set off from the bulk of the text and treated -differently. They are usually indented. +differently. They are usually indented in the output. In Texinfo, you always begin a quotation or example by writing an @-command at the beginning of a line by itself, and end it by writing an `@end' command that is also at the beginning of a line by itself. For instance, you begin an example by writing `@example' by itself at the beginning of a line and end the example by writing `@end example' -on a line by itself, at the beginning of that line. +on a line by itself, at the beginning of that line, and with only one +space between the `@end' and the `example'. * Menu: @@ -6288,7 +6404,7 @@ on a line by itself, at the beginning of that line. * cartouche:: Drawing rounded rectangles around examples. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Block Enclosing Commands, Next: quotation, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: Block Enclosing Commands, Next: quotation, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.1 Block Enclosing Commands ============================= @@ -6351,7 +6467,7 @@ rounded corners around it. *Note Drawing Cartouches Around Examples: cartouche. -File: texinfo.info, Node: quotation, Next: example, Prev: Block Enclosing Commands, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: quotation, Next: example, Prev: Block Enclosing Commands, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.2 `@quotation': Block quotations =================================== @@ -6362,10 +6478,9 @@ filled) except that: * the margins are closer to the center of the page, so the whole of the quotation is indented; - * the first lines of paragraphs are indented no more than other - lines; + * and the first lines of paragraphs are indented no more than other + lines. - * in the printed output, interparagraph spacing is reduced. This is an example of text written between an `@quotation' command and an `@end quotation' command. An `@quotation' command is most @@ -6400,7 +6515,7 @@ etc.) instead of the default `<blockquote>'. HTML output always uses `<blockquote>'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: example, Next: verbatim, Prev: quotation, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: example, Next: verbatim, Prev: quotation, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.3 `@example': Example Text ============================= @@ -6464,7 +6579,7 @@ displaying them, use the `@code' command or its relatives (*note normal roman font, you can use the `@r' command (*note Fonts::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: verbatim, Next: verbatiminclude, Prev: example, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: verbatim, Next: verbatiminclude, Prev: example, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.4 `@verbatim': Literal Text ============================== @@ -6473,18 +6588,12 @@ Use the `@verbatim' environment for printing of text that may contain special characters or commands that should not be interpreted, such as computer input or output (`@example' interprets its text as regular Texinfo commands). This is especially useful for including -automatically generated output in a Texinfo manual. Here is an example; -the output you see is just the same as the input, with a line -`@verbatim' before and a line `@end verbatim' after. - +automatically generated files in a Texinfo manual. -This is an example of text written in a @verbatim -block. No character substitutions are made. All commands -are ignored, until `<at>end verbatim'. - -In the printed manual, the text is typeset in a -fixed-width font, and not indented or filled. All -spaces and blank lines are significant, including tabs. + In general, the output will be just the same as the input. No +character substitutions are made, e.g., all spaces and blank lines are +significant, including tabs. In the printed manual, the text is +typeset in a fixed-width font, and not indented or filled. Write a `@verbatim' command at the beginning of a line by itself. This line will disappear from the output. Mark the end of the verbatim @@ -6502,8 +6611,7 @@ expand<TAB>me @end verbatim -produces - +This produces: { @command with strange characters: @'e @@ -6516,10 +6624,21 @@ and another blank line after the `@end verbatim'. Blank lines between the beginning `@verbatim' and the ending `@end verbatim' will appear in the output. - It is not reliable to use `@verbatim' inside other Texinfo constructs. + You can get a "small" verbatim by enclosing the `@verbatim' in an +`@smallformat' environment, as shown here: + +@smallformat +@verbatim +... still verbatim, but in a smaller font ... +@end verbatim +@end smallformat + + + Finally, a word of warning: it is not reliable to use `@verbatim' +inside other Texinfo constructs. -File: texinfo.info, Node: verbatiminclude, Next: lisp, Prev: verbatim, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: verbatiminclude, Next: lisp, Prev: verbatim, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.5 `@verbatiminclude' FILE: Include a File Verbatim ===================================================== @@ -6537,15 +6656,17 @@ indentation is added; if you want indentation, enclose the The name of the file is taken literally, with a single exception: `@value{VAR}' references are expanded. This makes it possible to -reliably include files in other directories in a distribution, for -instance: +include files in other directories within a distribution, for instance: - @include @value{top_srcdir}/NEWS + @verbatiminclude @value{top_srcdir}/NEWS (You still have to get `top_srcdir' defined in the first place.) + For a method on printing the file contents in a smaller font size, see +the end of the previous section on `@verbatim'. + -File: texinfo.info, Node: lisp, Next: small, Prev: verbatiminclude, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: lisp, Next: small, Prev: verbatiminclude, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.6 `@lisp': Marking a Lisp Example ==================================== @@ -6569,7 +6690,7 @@ Then you can use the Texinfo file as a Lisp library.(1) similar fashion for C, Fortran, or other languages. -File: texinfo.info, Node: small, Next: display, Prev: lisp, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: small, Next: display, Prev: lisp, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.7 `@small...' Block Commands =============================== @@ -6606,16 +6727,17 @@ only one of (for instance) `@example' or `@smallexample' consistently within a chapter. -File: texinfo.info, Node: display, Next: format, Prev: small, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: display, Next: format, Prev: small, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.8 `@display' and `@smalldisplay' =================================== -The `@display' command begins a kind of example. It is like the -`@example' command except that, in a printed manual, `@display' does -not select the fixed-width font. In fact, it does not specify the font -at all, so that the text appears in the same font it would have -appeared in without the `@display' command. +The `@display' command begins a kind of example, where each line of +input produces a line of output, and the output is indented. It is +thus like the `@example' command except that, in a printed manual, +`@display' does not select the fixed-width font. In fact, it does not +specify the font at all, so that the text appears in the same font it +would have appeared in without the `@display' command. This is an example of text written between an `@display' command and an `@end display' command. The `@display' command @@ -6625,8 +6747,13 @@ appeared in without the `@display' command. `@display' but uses a smaller font in `@smallbook' format. *Note small::. + The `@table' command (*note table::) does not work inside `@display'. +Since `@display' is line-oriented, it doesn't make sense to use them +together. If you want to indent a table, try `@quotation' (*note +quotation::). + -File: texinfo.info, Node: format, Next: exdent, Prev: display, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: format, Next: exdent, Prev: display, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.9 `@format' and `@smallformat' ================================= @@ -6645,7 +6772,7 @@ the `@format' command does not fill the text. small::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: exdent, Next: flushleft & flushright, Prev: format, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: exdent, Next: flushleft & flushright, Prev: format, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.10 `@exdent': Undoing a Line's Indentation ============================================= @@ -6663,7 +6790,7 @@ line is printed in the roman font. @exdent This line is exdented. This line follows the exdented line. The @@end example comes on the next line. - @end group + @end example produces @@ -6677,7 +6804,7 @@ un-indent text by ending the example and returning the page to its normal width. -File: texinfo.info, Node: flushleft & flushright, Next: noindent, Prev: exdent, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: flushleft & flushright, Next: noindent, Prev: exdent, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.11 `@flushleft' and `@flushright' ==================================== @@ -6718,7 +6845,7 @@ produces left end ragged. -File: texinfo.info, Node: noindent, Next: indent, Prev: flushleft & flushright, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: noindent, Next: indent, Prev: flushleft & flushright, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.12 `@noindent': Omitting Indentation ======================================= @@ -6769,7 +6896,7 @@ necessary, since `@noindent' is a command used outside of paragraphs (*note Command Syntax::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: indent, Next: cartouche, Prev: noindent, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: indent, Next: cartouche, Prev: noindent, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.13 `@indent': Forcing Indentation ==================================== @@ -6794,7 +6921,7 @@ since `@indent' is a command used outside of paragraphs (*note Command Syntax::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: cartouche, Prev: indent, Up: Quotations and Examples +File: texinfo, Node: cartouche, Prev: indent, Up: Quotations and Examples 10.14 `@cartouche': Rounded Rectangles Around Examples ====================================================== @@ -6833,7 +6960,7 @@ of `makeinfo' may be removed one day. `@cartouche' also implies `@group' (*note group::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Lists and Tables, Next: Special Displays, Prev: Quotations and Examples, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Lists and Tables, Next: Special Displays, Prev: Quotations and Examples, Up: Top 11 Lists and Tables ******************* @@ -6851,7 +6978,7 @@ first column; multi-column tables are also supported. * Multi-column Tables:: How to construct generalized tables. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Introducing Lists, Next: itemize, Up: Lists and Tables +File: texinfo, Node: Introducing Lists, Next: itemize, Up: Lists and Tables 11.1 Introducing Lists ====================== @@ -6907,7 +7034,7 @@ And here is a two-column table with the same items and their @-commands: Two-column tables, optionally with indexing. -File: texinfo.info, Node: itemize, Next: enumerate, Prev: Introducing Lists, Up: Lists and Tables +File: texinfo, Node: itemize, Next: enumerate, Prev: Introducing Lists, Up: Lists and Tables 11.2 `@itemize': Making an Itemized List ======================================== @@ -6985,7 +7112,7 @@ This produces: * Second outer item. -File: texinfo.info, Node: enumerate, Next: Two-column Tables, Prev: itemize, Up: Lists and Tables +File: texinfo, Node: enumerate, Next: Two-column Tables, Prev: itemize, Up: Lists and Tables 11.3 `@enumerate': Making a Numbered or Lettered List ===================================================== @@ -7075,7 +7202,7 @@ constructed using `@enumerate' with an argument of `a'. You can also nest enumerated lists, as in an outline. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Two-column Tables, Next: Multi-column Tables, Prev: enumerate, Up: Lists and Tables +File: texinfo, Node: Two-column Tables, Next: Multi-column Tables, Prev: enumerate, Up: Lists and Tables 11.4 Making a Two-column Table ============================== @@ -7093,7 +7220,7 @@ command-line option summaries. * itemx:: How to put more entries in the first column. -File: texinfo.info, Node: table, Next: ftable vtable, Up: Two-column Tables +File: texinfo, Node: table, Next: ftable vtable, Up: Two-column Tables 11.4.1 Using the `@table' Command --------------------------------- @@ -7164,7 +7291,7 @@ This produces: text, use the `@itemx' command. (*Note `@itemx': itemx.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: ftable vtable, Next: itemx, Prev: table, Up: Two-column Tables +File: texinfo, Node: ftable vtable, Next: itemx, Prev: table, Up: Two-column Tables 11.4.2 `@ftable' and `@vtable' ------------------------------ @@ -7187,7 +7314,7 @@ or `@end vtable' command on a line by itself. See the example for `@table' in the previous section. -File: texinfo.info, Node: itemx, Prev: ftable vtable, Up: Two-column Tables +File: texinfo, Node: itemx, Prev: ftable vtable, Up: Two-column Tables 11.4.3 `@itemx' --------------- @@ -7227,7 +7354,7 @@ This produces: a two-column table.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Multi-column Tables, Prev: Two-column Tables, Up: Lists and Tables +File: texinfo, Node: Multi-column Tables, Prev: Two-column Tables, Up: Lists and Tables 11.5 `@multitable': Multi-column Tables ======================================= @@ -7246,7 +7373,7 @@ completes the table. Details in the sections below. * Multitable Rows:: Defining multitable rows, with examples. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Multitable Column Widths, Next: Multitable Rows, Up: Multi-column Tables +File: texinfo, Node: Multitable Column Widths, Next: Multitable Rows, Up: Multi-column Tables 11.5.1 Multitable Column Widths ------------------------------- @@ -7284,7 +7411,7 @@ entirely on the same line as the `@multitable' command. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Multitable Rows, Prev: Multitable Column Widths, Up: Multi-column Tables +File: texinfo, Node: Multitable Rows, Prev: Multitable Column Widths, Up: Multi-column Tables 11.5.2 Multitable Rows ---------------------- @@ -7297,7 +7424,8 @@ your source file as necessary. You can also use `@headitem' instead of `@item' to produce a "heading row". The TeX output for such a row is in bold, and the HTML, XML, and -Docbook output uses the `<thead>' tag. +Docbook output uses the `<thead>' tag. In Info, the heading row is +followed by a separator line made of dashes (`-' characters). Here is a complete example of a multi-column table (the text is from `The GNU Emacs Manual', *note Splitting Windows: (emacs)Split Window.): @@ -7333,7 +7461,7 @@ C-Mouse-2 In the mode line or scroll window. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Special Displays, Next: Indices, Prev: Lists and Tables, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Special Displays, Next: Indices, Prev: Lists and Tables, Up: Top 12 Special Displays ******************* @@ -7356,7 +7484,7 @@ are often included in these displays. * Footnotes:: Writing footnotes. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Floats, Next: Images, Up: Special Displays +File: texinfo, Node: Floats, Next: Images, Up: Special Displays 12.1 Floats =========== @@ -7380,9 +7508,9 @@ simply output at the current location, more or less as if it were an * listoffloats:: A table of contents for floats. -File: texinfo.info, Node: float, Next: caption shortcaption, Up: Floats +File: texinfo, Node: float, Next: caption shortcaption, Up: Floats -12.1.1 `@float' [TYPE][,LABEL]: Floating material +12.1.1 `@float' [TYPE][,LABEL]: Floating Material ------------------------------------------------- To produce floating material, enclose the material you want to be @@ -7415,8 +7543,8 @@ TYPE LABEL Specifies a cross-reference label for this float. If given, this float is automatically given a number, and will appear in any - `@listofloats' output (*note listoffloats::). Cross-references to - LABEL are allowed. + `@listoffloats' output (*note listoffloats::). Cross-references + to LABEL are allowed. On the other hand, if LABEL is not given, then the float will not be numbered and consequently will not appear in the @@ -7436,7 +7564,7 @@ chapter, are simply numbered consecutively from 1. These numbering conventions are not, at present, changeable. -File: texinfo.info, Node: caption shortcaption, Next: listoffloats, Prev: float, Up: Floats +File: texinfo, Node: caption shortcaption, Next: listoffloats, Prev: float, Up: Floats 12.1.2 `@caption' & `@shortcaption' ----------------------------------- @@ -7469,12 +7597,22 @@ as specified to the `@float' command (see the previous section). `@float', and takes a single argument in braces. The short caption text is used instead of the caption text in a list of floats (see the next section). Thus, you can write a long caption for the main -document, and a short title to appear in the list of floats. +document, and a short title to appear in the list of floats. For +example: + + @float + ... as above ... + @shortcaption{Text for list of floats.} + @end float + + The text for `@caption' and `@shortcaption' may not contain comments +(`@c'), verbatim text (`@verb'), environments such as `@example', or +other complex constructs. -File: texinfo.info, Node: listoffloats, Prev: caption shortcaption, Up: Floats +File: texinfo, Node: listoffloats, Prev: caption shortcaption, Up: Floats -12.1.3 `@listoffloats': Tables of contents for floats +12.1.3 `@listoffloats': Tables of Contents for Floats ----------------------------------------------------- You can write a `@listoffloats' command to generate a list of floats @@ -7511,7 +7649,7 @@ to the float. In printed output, the page number is included. from the list of floats. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Images, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Floats, Up: Special Displays +File: texinfo, Node: Images, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Floats, Up: Special Displays 12.2 Inserting Images ===================== @@ -7527,12 +7665,12 @@ part of a displayed figure or example. * Image Scaling:: -File: texinfo.info, Node: Image Syntax, Next: Image Scaling, Up: Images +File: texinfo, Node: Image Syntax, Next: Image Scaling, Up: Images 12.2.1 Image Syntax ------------------- -Here is the basic synopsis of the `@image' command: +Here is the synopsis of the `@image' command: @image{FILENAME[, WIDTH[, HEIGHT[, ALTTEXT[, EXTENSION]]]]} @@ -7541,7 +7679,10 @@ because the different processors support different formats: * TeX reads the file `FILENAME.eps' (Encapsulated PostScript format). - * PDFTeX reads `FILENAME.pdf' (Adobe's Portable Document Format). + * pdfTeX reads `FILENAME.png', `FILENAME.jpg', `FILENAME.jpeg', or + `FILENAME.pdf' (in that order). It also tries uppercase versions + of the extensions. The PDF format cannot support EPS images, so + they must be converted first. * `makeinfo' includes `FILENAME.txt' verbatim for Info output (more or less as if it was an `@example'). @@ -7556,17 +7697,27 @@ because the different processors support different formats: The WIDTH and HEIGHT arguments are described in the next section. - When producing html, `makeinfo' sets the "alt attribute" for inline + For TeX output, if an image is the only thing in a paragraph it will +ordinarily be displayed on a line by itself, respecting the current +environment indentation, but without the normal paragraph indentation. +If you want it centered, use `@center' (*note `@titlefont @center @sp': +titlefont center sp.). + + For HTML output, `makeinfo' sets the "alt attribute" for inline images to the optional ALTTEXT (fourth) argument to `@image', if supplied. If not supplied, `makeinfo' uses the full file name of the -image being displayed. If you want an empty `alt' string, use `@-'. -The ALTTEXT is taken as Texinfo text, so special characters such as `"' -and `<' and `&' are escaped in the HTML and XML output. +image being displayed. The ALTTEXT is taken as Texinfo text, so +special characters such as `"' and `<' and `&' are escaped in the HTML +and XML output; also, you can get an empty `alt' string with `@-' (a +command that produces no output; *note - and hyphenation::). + + For Info output, the `alt' string is also processed as Texinfo text +and output. In this case, `\' is escaped as `\\' and `"' as `\"'; no +other escapes are done. If you do not supply the optional EXTENSION (fifth) argument, `makeinfo' first tries `FILENAME.png'; if that does not exist, it tries -`FILENAME.jpg'. If that does not exist either, it complains. (We -cannot support GIF format directly due to software patents.) +`FILENAME.jpg'. If that does not exist either, it complains. In Info output, `makeinfo' writes a reference to the binary image file (trying FILENAME suffixed with `EXTENSION', `.EXTENSION', `.png', @@ -7591,7 +7742,7 @@ feature was introduced in Texinfo version 4.6) will display the above literally, which, although not pretty, should not be harmful. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Image Scaling, Prev: Image Syntax, Up: Images +File: texinfo, Node: Image Scaling, Prev: Image Syntax, Up: Images 12.2.2 Image Scaling -------------------- @@ -7653,7 +7804,7 @@ line before the command, or the output will run into the preceding text. any other sort of output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Footnotes, Prev: Images, Up: Special Displays +File: texinfo, Node: Footnotes, Prev: Images, Up: Special Displays 12.3 Footnotes ============== @@ -7676,7 +7827,7 @@ text. For a thorough discussion of footnotes, see `The Chicago Manual of Style', which is published by the University of Chicago Press. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Footnote Commands, Next: Footnote Styles, Up: Footnotes +File: texinfo, Node: Footnote Commands, Next: Footnote Styles, Up: Footnotes 12.3.1 Footnote Commands ------------------------ @@ -7725,7 +7876,7 @@ Two-column Tables::. (1) Here is the sample footnote. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Footnote Styles, Prev: Footnote Commands, Up: Footnotes +File: texinfo, Node: Footnote Styles, Prev: Footnote Commands, Up: Footnotes 12.3.2 Footnote Styles ---------------------- @@ -7791,7 +7942,7 @@ their default style. Currently, `texinfo-format-buffer' and the `end' style. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Indices, Next: Insertions, Prev: Special Displays, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Indices, Next: Insertions, Prev: Special Displays, Up: Top 13 Indices ********** @@ -7821,7 +7972,7 @@ indices. * New Indices:: How to define your own indices. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Index Entries, Next: Predefined Indices, Up: Indices +File: texinfo, Node: Index Entries, Next: Predefined Indices, Up: Indices 13.1 Making Index Entries ========================= @@ -7845,7 +7996,7 @@ need to do it yourself. index at the end of a book or creating an index menu in an Info file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Predefined Indices, Next: Indexing Commands, Prev: Index Entries, Up: Indices +File: texinfo, Node: Predefined Indices, Next: Indexing Commands, Prev: Index Entries, Up: Indices 13.2 Predefined Indices ======================= @@ -7899,7 +8050,7 @@ into one output index using the `@synindex' or `@syncodeindex' commands (*note Combining Indices::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Indexing Commands, Next: Combining Indices, Prev: Predefined Indices, Up: Indices +File: texinfo, Node: Indexing Commands, Next: Combining Indices, Prev: Predefined Indices, Up: Indices 13.3 Defining the Entries of an Index ===================================== @@ -7958,7 +8109,7 @@ Text::), and `@r' for the normal roman font (*note Fonts::). information about the structure of a menu entry. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Combining Indices, Next: New Indices, Prev: Indexing Commands, Up: Indices +File: texinfo, Node: Combining Indices, Next: New Indices, Prev: Indexing Commands, Up: Indices 13.4 Combining Indices ====================== @@ -7987,7 +8138,7 @@ enclose every one of them between the braces of `@code'. default font of the merged-to index. -File: texinfo.info, Node: syncodeindex, Next: synindex, Up: Combining Indices +File: texinfo, Node: syncodeindex, Next: synindex, Up: Combining Indices 13.4.1 `@syncodeindex' ---------------------- @@ -8046,7 +8197,7 @@ into a concept index, all the function names are printed in the `@code' font as you would expect. -File: texinfo.info, Node: synindex, Prev: syncodeindex, Up: Combining Indices +File: texinfo, Node: synindex, Prev: syncodeindex, Up: Combining Indices 13.4.2 `@synindex' ------------------ @@ -8060,7 +8211,7 @@ command, except that it does not put the `from' index entries into the index at the end of a book or creating an index menu in an Info file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: New Indices, Prev: Combining Indices, Up: Indices +File: texinfo, Node: New Indices, Prev: Combining Indices, Up: Indices 13.5 Defining New Indices ========================= @@ -8113,7 +8264,7 @@ Texinfo file, and (of course) before any `@synindex' or `@syncodeindex' commands (*note Texinfo File Header::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Insertions, Next: Breaks, Prev: Indices, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Insertions, Next: Breaks, Prev: Indices, Up: Top 14 Special Insertions ********************* @@ -8125,20 +8276,26 @@ elements that do not correspond to simple characters you can type. * Menu: * Atsign Braces Comma:: Inserting @ and {} and ,. +* Inserting Quote Characters:: Inserting left and right quotes, in code. * Inserting Space:: How to insert the right amount of space within a sentence. * Inserting Accents:: How to insert accents and special characters. +* Inserting Quotation Marks:: How to insert quotation marks. * Dots Bullets:: How to insert dots and bullets. * TeX and copyright:: How to insert the TeX logo and the copyright symbol. +* euro:: How to insert the Euro currency symbol. * pounds:: How to insert the pounds currency symbol. +* textdegree:: How to insert the degrees symbol. * minus:: How to insert a minus sign. +* geq leq:: How to insert greater/less-than-or-equal signs. * math:: How to format a mathematical expression. +* Click Sequences:: Inserting GUI usage sequences. * Glyphs:: How to indicate results of evaluation, expansion of macros, errors, etc. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Atsign Braces Comma, Next: Inserting Space, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: Atsign Braces Comma, Next: Inserting Quote Characters, Up: Insertions 14.1 Inserting @ and {} and , ============================= @@ -8157,7 +8314,7 @@ separates arguments to commands that take multiple arguments. * Inserting a Comma:: -File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting an Atsign, Next: Inserting Braces, Up: Atsign Braces Comma +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting an Atsign, Next: Inserting Braces, Up: Atsign Braces Comma 14.1.1 Inserting `@' with `@@' ------------------------------ @@ -8167,7 +8324,7 @@ File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting an Atsign, Next: Inserting Braces, Up: At Do not put braces after an `@@' command. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting Braces, Next: Inserting a Comma, Prev: Inserting an Atsign, Up: Atsign Braces Comma +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting Braces, Next: Inserting a Comma, Prev: Inserting an Atsign, Up: Atsign Braces Comma 14.1.2 Inserting `{' and `}' with `@{' and `@}' ----------------------------------------------- @@ -8176,10 +8333,10 @@ File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting Braces, Next: Inserting a Comma, Prev: In `@}' stands for a single `}' in either printed or Info output. - Do not put braces after either an `@{' or an `@}' command.ppp + Do not put braces after either an `@{' or an `@}' command. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting a Comma, Prev: Inserting Braces, Up: Atsign Braces Comma +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting a Comma, Prev: Inserting Braces, Up: Atsign Braces Comma 14.1.3 Inserting `,' with `@comma{}' ------------------------------------ @@ -8193,21 +8350,64 @@ context: some commands, such as `@acronym' (*note acronym::) and (*note Defining Macros::), can take more than one argument. In these cases, the comma character is used to separate arguments. - Since a comma chacter would confuse Texinfo's parsing for these -commands, you must use the command `,' instead if you want to have an -actual comma in the output. Here are some examples: + Since a comma character would confuse Texinfo's parsing for these +commands, you must use the command `@comma{}' instead if you want to +pass an actual comma. Here are some examples: @acronym{ABC, A Bizarre @comma{}} @xref{Comma,, The @comma{} symbol} @mymac{One argument@comma{} containing a comma} - Although , can be used anywhere, there is no need for it anywhere -except in this unusual case. + Although , can be used nearly anywhere, there is no need for it +anywhere except in this unusual case. + + +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting Quote Characters, Next: Inserting Space, Prev: Atsign Braces Comma, Up: Insertions + +14.2 Inserting Quote Characters +=============================== + +As explained in the early section on general Texinfo input conventions +(*note Conventions::), Texinfo source files use the ASCII character ``' +(96 decimal) to produce a left quote (`), and ASCII `'' (39 decimal) to +produce a right quote ('). Doubling these input characters (```' and +`''') produces double quotes (" and "). These are the conventions used +by TeX. + + This works all right for text. However, in examples of computer code, +readers are especially likely to cut and paste the text verbatim--and, +unfortunately, some document viewers will mangle these characters. +(The free PDF reader `xpdf' works fine, but other PDF readers, both +free and nonfree, have problems.) + + If this is a concern for your document, Texinfo provides two special +settings via `@set': + +`@set txicodequoteundirected' + causes the output for the `'' character to be the undirected + single quote, like this: + + `''. + +`@set txicodequotebacktick' + Cause the output for the ``' character to be the standalone grave + accent, like this: + + ``'. + + + `xyza`'bc' + + If you want these settings for only part of the document, `@clear' +will restore the normal behavior, as in `@clear txicodequoteundirected'. + + These settings affect `@code', `@example', and `@verbatim'; they do +not affect `@samp'. (*Note Useful Highlighting::.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting Space, Next: Inserting Accents, Prev: Atsign Braces Comma, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting Space, Next: Inserting Accents, Prev: Inserting Quote Characters, Up: Insertions -14.2 Inserting Space +14.3 Inserting Space ==================== The following sections describe commands that control spacing of various @@ -8218,12 +8418,13 @@ kinds within and after sentences. * Not Ending a Sentence:: Sometimes a . doesn't end a sentence. * Ending a Sentence:: Sometimes it does. * Multiple Spaces:: Inserting multiple spaces. +* frenchspacing:: Specifying end-of-sentence spacing. * dmn:: How to format a dimension. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Not Ending a Sentence, Next: Ending a Sentence, Up: Inserting Space +File: texinfo, Node: Not Ending a Sentence, Next: Ending a Sentence, Up: Inserting Space -14.2.1 Not Ending a Sentence +14.3.1 Not Ending a Sentence ---------------------------- Depending on whether a period or exclamation point or question mark is @@ -8243,18 +8444,15 @@ sentences. For example, - The s.o.p.@: has three parts ... - The s.o.p. has three parts ... + foo vs.@: bar + foo vs. bar produces - The s.o.p. has three parts ... - The s.o.p. has three parts ... + foo vs. bar + foo vs. bar -(Incidentally, `s.o.p.' is an abbreviation for "Standard Operating -Procedure".) - - `@:' has no effect on the Info and HTML output. In Docbook and XML, +`@:' has no effect on the Info and HTML output. In Docbook and XML, the previous punctuation character (.?!:) is output as an entity instead of as the normal character: `. ? ! :'. This gives further processors a chance to notice and not add the usual @@ -8263,9 +8461,9 @@ extra space. Do not put braces after `@:' (or any non-alphabetic command). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Ending a Sentence, Next: Multiple Spaces, Prev: Not Ending a Sentence, Up: Inserting Space +File: texinfo, Node: Ending a Sentence, Next: Multiple Spaces, Prev: Not Ending a Sentence, Up: Inserting Space -14.2.2 Ending a Sentence +14.3.2 Ending a Sentence ------------------------ Use `@.' instead of a period, `@!' instead of an exclamation point, and @@ -8292,9 +8490,9 @@ with the Emacs sentence motion commands (*note Sentences: Do not put braces after any of these commands. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Multiple Spaces, Next: dmn, Prev: Ending a Sentence, Up: Inserting Space +File: texinfo, Node: Multiple Spaces, Next: frenchspacing, Prev: Ending a Sentence, Up: Inserting Space -14.2.3 Multiple Spaces +14.3.3 Multiple Spaces ---------------------- Ordinarily, TeX collapses multiple whitespace characters (space, tab, @@ -8325,12 +8523,63 @@ produces Do not follow any of these commands with braces. - To produce a non-breakable space, see *Note `@tie': tie. + To produce a non-breakable space, see *note `@tie': tie. -File: texinfo.info, Node: dmn, Prev: Multiple Spaces, Up: Inserting Space +File: texinfo, Node: frenchspacing, Next: dmn, Prev: Multiple Spaces, Up: Inserting Space + +14.3.4 `@frenchspacing' VAL: Control sentence spacing +----------------------------------------------------- + +In American typography, it is traditional and correct to put extra +space at the end of a sentence, after a semi-colon, and so on. This is +the default in Texinfo. In French typography (and many others), this +extra space is wrong; all spaces are uniform. + + Therefore Texinfo provides the `@frenchspacing' command to control +the spacing after punctuation. It reads the rest of the line as its +argument, which must be the single word `on' or `off' (always these +words, regardless of the language) of the document. Here is an example: + + @frenchspacing on + This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. French spacing. + + @frenchspacing off + This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. Non-French spacing. + +produces (there will be no difference in Info): + + This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. French spacing. + + This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. Non-French spacing. + + `@frenchspacing' mainly affects the printed output, including the +output after `@.', `@!', and `@?' (*note Ending a Sentence::). + + In Info, usually space characters in the input are written unaltered +to the output, and `@frenchspacing' does not change this. It does +change the one case where `makeinfo' outputs a space on its own: when a +sentence ends at a newline in the source. Here's an example: -14.2.4 `@dmn'{DIMENSION}: Format a Dimension + Some sentence. + Next sentence. + +produces in Info output, with `@frenchspacing off' (the default), two +spaces between the sentences: + + Some sentence. Next sentence. + +With `@frenchspacing on', `makeinfo' outputs only a single space: + + Some sentence. Next sentence. + + `@frenchspacing' has no effect on the HTML or Docbook output; for +XML, it outputs a transliteration of itself (*note Output Formats::). + + +File: texinfo, Node: dmn, Prev: frenchspacing, Up: Inserting Space + +14.3.5 `@dmn'{DIMENSION}: Format a Dimension -------------------------------------------- At times, you may want to write `12pt' or `8.5in' with little or no @@ -8359,9 +8608,9 @@ the period to prevent TeX from inserting extra whitespace, as shown here. *Note Not Ending a Sentence::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Inserting Accents, Next: Dots Bullets, Prev: Inserting Space, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting Accents, Next: Inserting Quotation Marks, Prev: Inserting Space, Up: Insertions -14.3 Inserting Accents +14.4 Inserting Accents ====================== Here is a table with the commands Texinfo provides for inserting @@ -8372,10 +8621,12 @@ as to make the source as convenient to type and read as possible, since accented characters are very common in some languages. To get the true accented characters output in Info, and not just the -ASCII transliterations, you can use the `--enable-encoding' option to -`makeinfo' (*note makeinfo options::). +ASCII transliterations, it is necessary to specify `@documentencoding' +with an encoding which supports the required characters (*note +`@documentencoding': documentencoding.). Command Output What +------------------------------------------------------ @"o o" umlaut accent @'o o' acute accent @,{c} c, cedilla accent @@ -8395,22 +8646,97 @@ Command Output What This table lists the Texinfo commands for inserting other characters commonly used in languages other than English. -@exclamdown{} ! upside-down ! -@questiondown{} ? upside-down ? -@aa{} @AA{} aa AA a,A with circle -@ae{} @AE{} ae AE ae,AE ligatures -@dotless{i} i dotless i -@dotless{j} j dotless j -@l{} @L{} /l /L suppressed-L,l -@o{} @O{} /o /O O,o with slash -@oe{} @OE{} oe OE oe,OE ligatures -@ordf{} @ordm{} a o Spanish ordinals -@ss{} ss es-zet or sharp S +@exclamdown{} ! upside-down ! +@questiondown{} ? upside-down ? +@aa{} @AA{} aa AA a,A with circle +@ae{} @AE{} ae AE ae,AE ligatures +@dotless{i} i dotless i +@dotless{j} j dotless j +@l{} @L{} /l /L suppressed-L,l +@o{} @O{} /o /O O,o with slash +@oe{} @OE{} oe OE oe,OE ligatures +@ordf{} @ordm{} a o Spanish ordinals +@ss{} ss es-zet or sharp S -File: texinfo.info, Node: Dots Bullets, Next: TeX and copyright, Prev: Inserting Accents, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: Inserting Quotation Marks, Next: Dots Bullets, Prev: Inserting Accents, Up: Insertions -14.4 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets +14.5 Inserting Quotation Marks +============================== + +Use doubled single-quote characters to begin and end quotations: +``...''. TeX converts two single quotes to left- and right-hand +doubled quotation marks, and Info converts doubled single-quote +characters to ASCII double-quotes: ``...'' becomes "...". + + You may occasionally need to produce two consecutive single quotes; +for example, in documenting a computer language such as Maxima where '' +is a valid command. You can do this with the input '@w{}'; the empty +`@w' command stops the combination into the double-quote characters. + + The left quote character (`, ASCII code 96) used in Texinfo is a +grave accent in ANSI and ISO character set standards. We use it as a +quote character because that is how TeX is set up, by default. + + Texinfo supports several other quotation marks used in languages other +than English. Below is a table with the commands Texinfo provides for +inserting quotation marks. + + In order to get the symbols for the quotation marks in encoded Info +output, it is necessary to specify `@documentencoding UTF-8'. (*Note +`@documentencoding': documentencoding.) Double guillemets are also +present in ISO 8859-1 (aka Latin 1) and ISO 8859-15 (aka Latin 9). + + The standard TeX fonts support the usual quotation marks used in +English (the ones produced with single and doubled ASCII +single-quotes). For the other quotation marks, TeX uses European +Computer Modern (EC) fonts (`ecrm1000' and other variants). These +fonts are freely available, of course; you can download them from +`http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ec', among other places. + + The free EC fonts are bitmap fonts created with Metafont. Especially +for on-line viewing, Type 1 (vector) versions of the fonts are +preferable; these are available in the CM-Super font package +(`http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super'). + + Both distributions include installation instructions. + +Command Glyph Unicode name (point) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +@quotedblleft{} `` " Left double quotation mark (U+201C) +@quotedblright{} '' " Right double quotation mark (U+201D) +@quoteleft{} ` ` Left single quotation mark (U+2018) +@quoteright{} ' ' Right single quotation mark (U+2019) +@quotedblbase{} " Double low-9 quotation mark (U+201E) +@quotesinglbase{} , Single low-9 quotation mark (U+201A) +@guillemetleft{} << Left-pointing double angle quotation mark (U+00AB) +@guillemetright{} >> Right-pointing double angle quotation mark (U+00BB) +@guilsinglleft{} < Single left-pointing angle quotation mark (U+2039) +@guilsinglright{} > Single right-pointing angle quotation mark (U+203A) + + For the double angle quotation marks, Adobe and LaTeX glyph names are +also supported: `@guillemotleft' and `@guillemotright'. These names +are actually incorrect; a "guillemot" is a bird species (a type of auk). + + Traditions for quotation mark usage vary to a great extent between +languages +(`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark%2C_non-English_usage#Overview'). +Texinfo does not provide commands for typesetting quotation marks +according to the numerous traditions. Therefore, you have to choose +the commands appropriate for the language of your manual. Sometimes +aliases (*note `@alias': alias.) can simplify the usage and make the +source code more readable. For example, in German, `@quotedblbase' is +used for the left double quote, and the right double quote is actually +`@quotedblleft', which is counter-intuitive. Thus, in this case the +following aliases would be convenient: + + @alias lgqq = quotedblbase + @alias rgqq = quotedblleft + + +File: texinfo, Node: Dots Bullets, Next: TeX and copyright, Prev: Inserting Quotation Marks, Up: Insertions + +14.6 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets =================================== An "ellipsis" (a line of dots) is not typeset as a string of periods, @@ -8428,10 +8754,10 @@ information.) * bullet:: How to insert a bullet. -File: texinfo.info, Node: dots, Next: bullet, Up: Dots Bullets +File: texinfo, Node: dots, Next: bullet, Up: Dots Bullets -14.4.1 `@dots'{} (...) and `@enddots'{} (....) ----------------------------------------------- +14.6.1 `@dots'{} (...) and `@enddots'{} (...) +--------------------------------------------- Use the `@dots{}' command to generate an ellipsis, which is three dots in a row, appropriately spaced ... like so. Do not simply write three @@ -8440,13 +8766,13 @@ but would produce the wrong amount of space between the periods in the printed manual. Similarly, the `@enddots{}' command generates an end-of-sentence -ellipsis, which has different spacing afterwards, .... Look closely to +ellipsis, which has different spacing afterwards, ... Look closely to see the difference. -File: texinfo.info, Node: bullet, Prev: dots, Up: Dots Bullets +File: texinfo, Node: bullet, Prev: dots, Up: Dots Bullets -14.4.2 `@bullet'{} (*) +14.6.2 `@bullet'{} (*) ---------------------- Use the `@bullet{}' command to generate a large round dot, or the @@ -8458,9 +8784,9 @@ closest possible thing to one. In Info, an asterisk is used. braces, because `@itemize' supplies them. (*Note `@itemize': itemize.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: TeX and copyright, Next: pounds, Prev: Dots Bullets, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: TeX and copyright, Next: euro, Prev: Dots Bullets, Up: Insertions -14.5 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: (C), (R) +14.7 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: (C), (R) ============================================== The logo `TeX' is typeset in a special fashion and it needs an @@ -8476,9 +8802,9 @@ braces. * registered symbol:: The registered symbol (R in a circle). -File: texinfo.info, Node: tex, Next: copyright symbol, Up: TeX and copyright +File: texinfo, Node: tex, Next: copyright symbol, Up: TeX and copyright -14.5.1 `@TeX'{} (TeX) and `@LaTeX'{} (LaTeX) +14.7.1 `@TeX'{} (TeX) and `@LaTeX'{} (LaTeX) -------------------------------------------- Use the `@TeX{}' command to generate `TeX'. In a printed manual, this @@ -8495,18 +8821,18 @@ that it emphasizes logical structure, but much (much) larger.) that they use both uppercase and lowercase letters. -File: texinfo.info, Node: copyright symbol, Next: registered symbol, Prev: tex, Up: TeX and copyright +File: texinfo, Node: copyright symbol, Next: registered symbol, Prev: tex, Up: TeX and copyright -14.5.2 `@copyright{}' ((C)) +14.7.2 `@copyright{}' ((C)) --------------------------- Use the `@copyright{}' command to generate the copyright symbol, `(C)'. Where possible, this is a `c' inside a circle; in Info, this is `(C)'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: registered symbol, Prev: copyright symbol, Up: TeX and copyright +File: texinfo, Node: registered symbol, Prev: copyright symbol, Up: TeX and copyright -14.5.3 `@registeredsymbol{}' ((R)) +14.7.3 `@registeredsymbol{}' ((R)) ---------------------------------- Use the `@registeredsymbol{}' command to generate the registered @@ -8514,20 +8840,60 @@ symbol, `(R)'. Where possible, this is an `R' inside a circle; in Info, this is `(R)'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: pounds, Next: minus, Prev: TeX and copyright, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: euro, Next: pounds, Prev: TeX and copyright, Up: Insertions + +14.8 `@euro'{} (Euro ): Euro Currency Symbol +============================================ + +Use the `@euro{}' command to generate `Euro '. Where possible, this is +the symbol for the Euro currency, invented as part of the European +economic unification. In plain Info, it is the word `Euro '. A +trailing space is included in the text transliteration since typically +no space is desired after the symbol, so it would be inappropriate to +have a space in the source document. + + Texinfo cannot magically synthesize support for the Euro symbol where +the underlying system (fonts, software, whatever) does not support it. +Therefore, in many cases it is preferable to use the word "Euro". (In +banking circles, the abbreviation for the Euro is EUR.) -14.6 `@pounds'{} (#): Pounds Sterling + In order to get the Euro symbol in encoded Info output, for example, +it is necessary to specify `@documentencoding ISO-8859-15'. (*Note +`@documentencoding': documentencoding.) The Euro symbol is in ISO +8859-15 (aka Latin 9), and is _not_ in the more widely-used and +supported ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1). + + The Euro symbol does not exist in the standard TeX fonts (which were +designed before the Euro was legislated into existence). Therefore, +TeX uses an additional font, named `feymr10' (along with other +variables). It is freely available, of course; you can download it +from `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/eurosym', among other +places. The distribution includes installation instructions. + + +File: texinfo, Node: pounds, Next: textdegree, Prev: euro, Up: Insertions + +14.9 `@pounds'{} (#): Pounds Sterling ===================================== -Use the `@pounds{}' command to generate `#'. In a printed manual, this -is the symbol for the currency pounds sterling. In Info, it is a `#'. -Other currency symbols are unfortunately not available. +Use the `@pounds{}' command to generate `#'. Where possible, this is +the symbol for the currency pounds sterling. In Info, it is a `#'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: minus, Next: math, Prev: pounds, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: textdegree, Next: minus, Prev: pounds, Up: Insertions -14.7 `@minus'{} (-): Inserting a Minus Sign -=========================================== +14.10 `@textdegree'{} (o): Degrees Symbol +========================================= + +Use the `@textdegree{}' command to generate `o'. Where possible, this +is the normal symbol for degrees. In plain text and Info output, it is +an `o'. + + +File: texinfo, Node: minus, Next: geq leq, Prev: textdegree, Up: Insertions + +14.11 `@minus'{} (-): Inserting a Minus Sign +============================================ Use the `@minus{}' command to generate a minus sign. In a fixed-width font, this is a single hyphen, but in a proportional font, the symbol @@ -8551,10 +8917,20 @@ itemized list, you do not need to type the braces (*note `@itemize': itemize.). -File: texinfo.info, Node: math, Next: Glyphs, Prev: minus, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: geq leq, Next: math, Prev: minus, Up: Insertions -14.8 `@math': Inserting Mathematical Expressions -================================================ +14.12 `@geq{}' (>=) and `@leq{}' (<=): Inserting relations +========================================================== + +Use the `@geq{}' and `@geq{}' commands to generate +greater-than-or-equal and less-than-equal-signs, `>=' and `<='. In +plain text and Info output, these are the ASCII sequences `>=' and `<='. + + +File: texinfo, Node: math, Next: Click Sequences, Prev: geq leq, Up: Insertions + +14.13 `@math': Inserting Mathematical Expressions +================================================= You can write a short mathematical expression with the `@math' command. Write the mathematical expression between braces, like this: @@ -8565,21 +8941,35 @@ This produces the following in Info and HTML: (a + b)(a + b) = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 - Thus, the `@math' command has no effect on the Info and HTML output; -`makeinfo' just reproduces the input, it does not try to interpret the -mathematics in any way. + The `@math' command has no special effect on the Info and HTML +output. `makeinfo' expands any `@'-commands as usual, but it does not +try to produce good mathematical formatting in any way. + + However, as far as the TeX output is concerned, plain TeX +mathematical commands are allowed in `@math', starting with `\', and +the plain TeX math characters like `^' and `_' are also recognized. In +essence, `@math' drops you into plain TeX math mode. + + This allows you to conveniently write superscripts and subscripts (as +in the above example), and also to use all the plain TeX math control +sequences for symbols, functions, and so on, and thus get proper +formatting in the TeX output, at least. + + It's best to use `\' instead of `@' for any such mathematical +commands; otherwise, `makeinfo' will complain. On the other hand, +input with matching (but unescaped) braces, such as `k_{75}', is +allowed inside `@math', although `makeinfo' would complain about the +bare braces in regular input. + + Here's an example: - `@math' implies `@tex'. This not only makes it possible to write -superscripts and subscripts (as in the above example), but also allows -you to use any of the plain TeX math control sequences. It's -conventional to use `\' instead of `@' for these commands. As in: @math{\sin 2\pi \equiv \cos 3\pi} which looks like the input in Info and HTML: \sin 2\pi \equiv \cos 3\pi Since `\' is an escape character inside `@math', you can use `@\' to -get a literal backslash (`\\' will work in TeX, but you'll get the +get a literal backslash (`\\' will work in TeX, but you'd get the literal `\\' in Info). `@\' is not defined outside of `@math', since a `\' ordinarily produces a literal `\'. @@ -8587,10 +8977,44 @@ literal `\\' in Info). `@\' is not defined outside of `@math', since a Raw Formatter Commands::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Glyphs, Prev: math, Up: Insertions +File: texinfo, Node: Click Sequences, Next: Glyphs, Prev: math, Up: Insertions -14.9 Glyphs for Examples -======================== +14.14 Click Sequences +===================== + +When documenting graphical interfaces, it is necessary to describe +sequences such as `Click on `File', then choose `Open', then ...'. +Texinfo offers commands `@clicksequence' and `click' to represent this, +typically used like this: + + ... @clicksequence{File @click{} Open} ... + +which produces: + + ... File -> Open ... + + The `@click' command produces a simple right arrow (`->' in Info) by +default; this glyph is also available independently via the command +`@arrow{}'. + + You can change the glyph produced by `@click' with the command +`@clickstyle', which takes a command name as its single argument on the +rest of the line, much like `@itemize' and friends (*note `@itemize': +itemize.). The command should produce a glyph, and the usual empty +braces `{}' are omitted. Here's an example: + + @clickstyle @result + ... @clicksequence{File @click{} Open} ... + +now produces: + + ... File => Open ... + + +File: texinfo, Node: Glyphs, Prev: Click Sequences, Up: Insertions + +14.15 Glyphs for Examples +========================= In Texinfo, code is often illustrated in examples that are delimited by `@example' and `@end example', or by `@lisp' and `@end lisp'. In such @@ -8614,10 +9038,10 @@ followed by a pair of left- and right-hand braces. * Point Glyph:: How to indicate the location of point. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Glyphs Summary, Next: result, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: Glyphs Summary, Next: result, Up: Glyphs -14.9.1 Glyphs Summary ---------------------- +14.15.1 Glyphs Summary +---------------------- Here are the different glyph commands: @@ -8649,10 +9073,10 @@ error--> * Point Glyph:: -File: texinfo.info, Node: result, Next: expansion, Prev: Glyphs Summary, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: result, Next: expansion, Prev: Glyphs Summary, Up: Glyphs -14.9.2 `@result{}' (=>): Indicating Evaluation ----------------------------------------------- +14.15.2 `@result{}' (=>): Indicating Evaluation +----------------------------------------------- Use the `@result{}' command to indicate the result of evaluating an expression. @@ -8668,10 +9092,10 @@ a true double stemmed arrow in the printed output. may be read as "`(cdr '(1 2 3))' evaluates to `(2 3)'". -File: texinfo.info, Node: expansion, Next: Print Glyph, Prev: result, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: expansion, Next: Print Glyph, Prev: result, Up: Glyphs -14.9.3 `@expansion{}' (==>): Indicating an Expansion ----------------------------------------------------- +14.15.3 `@expansion{}' (==>): Indicating an Expansion +----------------------------------------------------- When an expression is a macro call, it expands into a new expression. You can indicate the result of the expansion with the `@expansion{}' @@ -8703,10 +9127,10 @@ Often, as in this case, an example looks better if the `@expansion{}' and `@result{}' commands are indented. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Print Glyph, Next: Error Glyph, Prev: expansion, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: Print Glyph, Next: Error Glyph, Prev: expansion, Up: Glyphs -14.9.4 `@print{}' (-|): Indicating Printed Output -------------------------------------------------- +14.15.4 `@print{}' (-|): Indicating Printed Output +-------------------------------------------------- Sometimes an expression will print output during its execution. You can indicate the printed output with the `@print{}' command. @@ -8733,10 +9157,10 @@ In a Texinfo source file, this example is written as follows: @end lisp -File: texinfo.info, Node: Error Glyph, Next: Equivalence, Prev: Print Glyph, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: Error Glyph, Next: Equivalence, Prev: Print Glyph, Up: Glyphs -14.9.5 `@error{}' (error-->): Indicating an Error Message ---------------------------------------------------------- +14.15.5 `@error{}' (error-->): Indicating an Error Message +---------------------------------------------------------- A piece of code may cause an error when you evaluate it. You can designate the error message with the `@error{}' command. @@ -8764,10 +9188,10 @@ evaluate the expression: `error-->' itself is not part of the error message. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Equivalence, Next: Point Glyph, Prev: Error Glyph, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: Equivalence, Next: Point Glyph, Prev: Error Glyph, Up: Glyphs -14.9.6 `@equiv{}' (==): Indicating Equivalence ----------------------------------------------- +14.15.6 `@equiv{}' (==): Indicating Equivalence +----------------------------------------------- Sometimes two expressions produce identical results. You can indicate the exact equivalence of two forms with the `@equiv{}' command. @@ -8790,10 +9214,10 @@ This indicates that evaluating `(make-sparse-keymap)' produces identical results to evaluating `(list 'keymap)'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Point Glyph, Prev: Equivalence, Up: Glyphs +File: texinfo, Node: Point Glyph, Prev: Equivalence, Up: Glyphs -14.9.7 `@point{}' (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer ------------------------------------------------------ +14.15.7 `@point{}' (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer +------------------------------------------------------ Sometimes you need to show an example of text in an Emacs buffer. In such examples, the convention is to include the entire contents of the @@ -8836,7 +9260,7 @@ after evaluating a Lisp command to insert the word `changed'. @end example -File: texinfo.info, Node: Breaks, Next: Definition Commands, Prev: Insertions, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Breaks, Next: Definition Commands, Prev: Insertions, Up: Top 15 Forcing and Preventing Breaks ******************************** @@ -8859,6 +9283,7 @@ commands. * Break Commands:: Summary of break-related commands. * Line Breaks:: Forcing line breaks. * - and hyphenation:: Helping TeX with hyphenation points. +* allowcodebreaks:: Controlling line breaks within @code text. * w:: Preventing unwanted line breaks in text. * tie:: Inserting an unbreakable but varying space. * sp:: Inserting blank lines. @@ -8867,7 +9292,7 @@ commands. * need:: Another way to prevent unwanted page breaks. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Break Commands, Next: Line Breaks, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: Break Commands, Next: Line Breaks, Up: Breaks 15.1 Break Commands =================== @@ -8908,7 +9333,7 @@ files do not have pages. Start a new printed page if not enough space on this one. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Line Breaks, Next: - and hyphenation, Prev: Break Commands, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: Line Breaks, Next: - and hyphenation, Prev: Break Commands, Up: Breaks 15.2 `@*' and `@/': Generate and Allow Line Breaks ================================================== @@ -8941,7 +9366,7 @@ Without the `@/' commands, TeX would have nowhere to break the line. `@/' has no effect in the online output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: - and hyphenation, Next: w, Prev: Line Breaks, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: - and hyphenation, Next: allowcodebreaks, Prev: Line Breaks, Up: Breaks 15.3 `@-' and `@hyphenation': Helping TeX Hyphenate =================================================== @@ -8964,14 +9389,45 @@ wish to help TeX out. Texinfo supports two commands for this: a `-' at each hyphenation point. For example: @hyphenation{man-u-script man-u-scripts} TeX only uses the specified hyphenation points when the words - match exactly, so give all necessary variants. + match exactly, so give all necessary variants, such as plurals. + + Info, HTML, and other non-TeX output is not hyphenated, so none of +these commands have any effect there. - Info output is not hyphenated, so these commands have no effect there. + +File: texinfo, Node: allowcodebreaks, Next: w, Prev: - and hyphenation, Up: Breaks + +15.4 `@allowcodebreaks': Control Line Breaks in `@code' +======================================================= + +Ordinarily, TeX will consider breaking lines at `-' and `_' characters +within `@code' and related commands (*note `@code': code.), more or +less as if they were "empty" hyphenation points. + + This is necessary as many manuals, especially for Lisp-family +languages, must document very long identifiers. On the other hand, +other manuals don't have this problems, and you may not wish to allow a +line break at the underscore in, for example, `SIZE_MAX', or even +worse, after any of the four underscores in `__typeof__'. + + So Texinfo provides this command: + + @allowcodebreaks false + +to prevent TeX from breaking at `-' or `_' within `@code'. You can go +back to allowing such breaks with `@allowcodebreaks true'. Write these +commands on lines by themselves. + + These commands can be given anywhere in the document. For example, +you may have just one problematic paragraph where you need to turn off +the breaks, but want them in general, or vice versa. + + This command has no effect in Info, HTML, and other non-TeX output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: w, Next: tie, Prev: - and hyphenation, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: w, Next: tie, Prev: allowcodebreaks, Up: Breaks -15.4 `@w'{TEXT}: Prevent Line Breaks +15.5 `@w'{TEXT}: Prevent Line Breaks ==================================== `@w{TEXT}' outputs TEXT and prohibits line breaks within TEXT, for both @@ -8988,7 +9444,7 @@ produces: The space from `@w{ }', as well as being non-breakable, also will not stretch or shrink. Sometimes that is what you want, for instance if -you're doing indenting manual. However, usually you want a normal +you're doing manual indenting. However, usually you want a normal interword space that does stretch and shrink (in the printed output); see the `@tie' command in the next section. @@ -9001,9 +9457,9 @@ control systems. For example, to literally write $Id$ in your document, use `@w{$}Id$'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: tie, Next: sp, Prev: w, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: tie, Next: sp, Prev: w, Up: Breaks -15.5 `@tie{}': Inserting an Unbreakable Space +15.6 `@tie{}': Inserting an Unbreakable Space ============================================= The `@tie{}' command produces a normal interword space at which a line @@ -9028,9 +9484,9 @@ produces: -File: texinfo.info, Node: sp, Next: page, Prev: tie, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: sp, Next: page, Prev: tie, Up: Breaks -15.6 `@sp' N: Insert Blank Lines +15.7 `@sp' N: Insert Blank Lines ================================ A line beginning with and containing only `@sp N' generates N blank @@ -9044,9 +9500,9 @@ generates two blank lines. The `@sp' command is most often used in the title page. -File: texinfo.info, Node: page, Next: group, Prev: sp, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: page, Next: group, Prev: sp, Up: Breaks -15.7 `@page': Start a New Page +15.8 `@page': Start a New Page ============================== A line containing only `@page' starts a new page in a printed manual. @@ -9055,9 +9511,9 @@ An `@page' command is often used in the `@titlepage' section of a Texinfo file to start the copyright page. -File: texinfo.info, Node: group, Next: need, Prev: page, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: group, Next: need, Prev: page, Up: Breaks -15.8 `@group': Prevent Page Breaks +15.9 `@group': Prevent Page Breaks ================================== The `@group' command (on a line by itself) is used inside an `@example' @@ -9098,10 +9554,10 @@ It is a good rule of thumb to look for a missing `@end group' if you get incomprehensible error messages in TeX. -File: texinfo.info, Node: need, Prev: group, Up: Breaks +File: texinfo, Node: need, Prev: group, Up: Breaks -15.9 `@need MILS': Prevent Page Breaks -====================================== +15.10 `@need MILS': Prevent Page Breaks +======================================= A line containing only `@need N' starts a new page in a printed manual if fewer than N mils (thousandths of an inch) remain on the current @@ -9119,7 +9575,7 @@ the page. It looks like this: the bottoms of printed pages). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Definition Commands, Next: Conditionals, Prev: Breaks, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Definition Commands, Next: Conditionals, Prev: Breaks, Up: Top 16 Definition Commands ********************** @@ -9154,7 +9610,7 @@ rather than the definition commands. * Sample Function Definition:: An example. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Def Cmd Template, Next: Def Cmd Continuation Lines, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Def Cmd Template, Next: Def Cmd Continuation Lines, Up: Definition Commands 16.1 The Template for a Definition ================================== @@ -9188,7 +9644,7 @@ For example, produces -- Command: forward-word count - This function moves point forward COUNT words (or backward if + This command moves point forward COUNT words (or backward if COUNT is negative). ... Capitalize the category name like a title. If the name of the @@ -9202,7 +9658,8 @@ enclose it in braces. For example: Otherwise, the second word will be mistaken for the name of the entity. As a general rule, when any of the arguments in the heading line _except_ the last one are more than one word, you need to enclose them -in braces. +in braces. This may also be necessary if the text contains commands, +for example, `{declaraci@'on}' if you are writing in Spanish. Some of the definition commands are more general than others. The `@deffn' command, for example, is the general definition command for @@ -9223,7 +9680,7 @@ definition. expanded in `@deffn' and all the other definition commands. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Def Cmd Continuation Lines, Next: Optional Arguments, Prev: Def Cmd Template, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Def Cmd Continuation Lines, Next: Optional Arguments, Prev: Def Cmd Template, Up: Definition Commands 16.2 Definition Command Continuation Lines ========================================== @@ -9272,7 +9729,7 @@ character (space, tab, newline) produces a normal interword space (*note Multiple Spaces::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Optional Arguments, Next: deffnx, Prev: Def Cmd Continuation Lines, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Optional Arguments, Next: deffnx, Prev: Def Cmd Continuation Lines, Up: Definition Commands 16.3 Optional and Repeated Arguments ==================================== @@ -9310,7 +9767,7 @@ remaining elements of the form. The function is listed in the Command and Variable Index under `foobar'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: deffnx, Next: Def Cmds in Detail, Prev: Optional Arguments, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: deffnx, Next: Def Cmds in Detail, Prev: Optional Arguments, Up: Definition Commands 16.4 Two or More `First' Lines ============================== @@ -9339,7 +9796,7 @@ produces The `x' forms work similarly to `@itemx' (*note itemx::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Def Cmds in Detail, Next: Def Cmd Conventions, Prev: deffnx, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Def Cmds in Detail, Next: Def Cmd Conventions, Prev: deffnx, Up: Definition Commands 16.5 The Definition Commands ============================ @@ -9365,7 +9822,7 @@ can be used for other programming languages. * Abstract Objects:: Commands for object-oriented programming. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Functions Commands, Next: Variables Commands, Up: Def Cmds in Detail +File: texinfo, Node: Functions Commands, Next: Variables Commands, Up: Def Cmds in Detail 16.5.1 Functions and Similar Entities ------------------------------------- @@ -9436,7 +9893,7 @@ entities: All these commands create entries in the index of functions. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Variables Commands, Next: Typed Functions, Prev: Functions Commands, Up: Def Cmds in Detail +File: texinfo, Node: Variables Commands, Next: Typed Functions, Prev: Functions Commands, Up: Def Cmds in Detail 16.5.2 Variables and Similar Entities ------------------------------------- @@ -9499,7 +9956,7 @@ Here are the commands for defining variables and similar entities: like `@defvar'. It creates an entry in the index of variables. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Typed Functions, Next: Typed Variables, Prev: Variables Commands, Up: Def Cmds in Detail +File: texinfo, Node: Typed Functions, Next: Typed Variables, Prev: Variables Commands, Up: Def Cmds in Detail 16.5.3 Functions in Typed Languages ----------------------------------- @@ -9586,7 +10043,7 @@ functions, such as C and C++. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Typed Variables, Next: Data Types, Prev: Typed Functions, Up: Def Cmds in Detail +File: texinfo, Node: Typed Variables, Next: Data Types, Prev: Typed Functions, Up: Def Cmds in Detail 16.5.4 Variables in Typed Languages ----------------------------------- @@ -9637,7 +10094,7 @@ specialized definition command `@deftypevar' corresponds to These commands create entries in the index of variables. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Data Types, Next: Abstract Objects, Prev: Typed Variables, Up: Def Cmds in Detail +File: texinfo, Node: Data Types, Next: Abstract Objects, Prev: Typed Variables, Up: Def Cmds in Detail 16.5.5 Data Types ----------------- @@ -9673,7 +10130,7 @@ Here is the command for data types: `@deftp' creates an entry in the index of data types. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Abstract Objects, Prev: Data Types, Up: Def Cmds in Detail +File: texinfo, Node: Abstract Objects, Prev: Data Types, Up: Def Cmds in Detail 16.5.6 Object-Oriented Programming ---------------------------------- @@ -9691,7 +10148,7 @@ its own value. * Methods: Object-Oriented Methods. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Object-Oriented Variables, Next: Object-Oriented Methods, Up: Abstract Objects +File: texinfo, Node: Object-Oriented Variables, Next: Object-Oriented Methods, Up: Abstract Objects 16.5.6.1 Object-Oriented Variables .................................. @@ -9773,7 +10230,7 @@ object-oriented programming languages. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Object-Oriented Methods, Prev: Object-Oriented Variables, Up: Abstract Objects +File: texinfo, Node: Object-Oriented Methods, Prev: Object-Oriented Variables, Up: Abstract Objects 16.5.6.2 Object-Oriented Methods ................................ @@ -9860,7 +10317,7 @@ particular classes of objects. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Def Cmd Conventions, Next: Sample Function Definition, Prev: Def Cmds in Detail, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Def Cmd Conventions, Next: Sample Function Definition, Prev: Def Cmds in Detail, Up: Definition Commands 16.6 Conventions for Writing Definitions ======================================== @@ -9873,7 +10330,7 @@ type, such as INTEGER, take care that the argument actually is of that type. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Sample Function Definition, Prev: Def Cmd Conventions, Up: Definition Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Sample Function Definition, Prev: Def Cmd Conventions, Up: Definition Commands 16.7 A Sample Function Definition ================================= @@ -9882,7 +10339,7 @@ A function definition uses the `@defun' and `@end defun' commands. The name of the function follows immediately after the `@defun' command and it is followed, on the same line, by the parameter list. - Here is a definition from *Note Calling Functions: (elisp)Calling + Here is a definition from *note Calling Functions: (elisp)Calling Functions. -- Function: apply function &rest arguments @@ -9953,7 +10410,7 @@ Index under `apply'. that for functions except that variables do not take arguments. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Conditionals, Next: Internationalization, Prev: Definition Commands, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Conditionals, Next: Internationalization, Prev: Definition Commands, Up: Top 17 Conditionally Visible Text ***************************** @@ -9986,7 +10443,7 @@ manual and the Info output. * Conditional Nesting:: Using conditionals inside conditionals. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Conditional Commands, Next: Conditional Not Commands, Up: Conditionals +File: texinfo, Node: Conditional Commands, Next: Conditional Not Commands, Up: Conditionals 17.1 Conditional Commands ========================= @@ -10048,7 +10505,7 @@ Notice that you only see one of the input lines, depending on which version of the manual you are reading. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Conditional Not Commands, Next: Raw Formatter Commands, Prev: Conditional Commands, Up: Conditionals +File: texinfo, Node: Conditional Not Commands, Next: Raw Formatter Commands, Prev: Conditional Commands, Up: Conditionals 17.2 Conditional Not Commands ============================= @@ -10085,7 +10542,7 @@ with `@iftex', not raw formatter source as with `@tex' (*note Raw Formatter Commands::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Raw Formatter Commands, Next: set clear value, Prev: Conditional Not Commands, Up: Conditionals +File: texinfo, Node: Raw Formatter Commands, Next: set clear value, Prev: Conditional Not Commands, Up: Conditionals 17.3 Raw Formatter Commands =========================== @@ -10145,7 +10602,7 @@ delimit a region to be included in Docbook output only, and `@docbook still an escape character, so the `@end' command can be recognized. -File: texinfo.info, Node: set clear value, Next: Conditional Nesting, Prev: Raw Formatter Commands, Up: Conditionals +File: texinfo, Node: set clear value, Next: Conditional Nesting, Prev: Raw Formatter Commands, Up: Conditionals 17.4 `@set', `@clear', and `@value' =================================== @@ -10158,7 +10615,7 @@ commands. sections for more details: `@set FLAG [VALUE]' - Set the variable FLAG, to the optional VALUE if specifed. + Set the variable FLAG, to the optional VALUE if specified. `@clear FLAG' Undefine the variable FLAG, whether or not it was previously @@ -10181,7 +10638,7 @@ sections for more details: * value Example:: An easy way to update edition information. -File: texinfo.info, Node: set value, Next: ifset ifclear, Up: set clear value +File: texinfo, Node: set value, Next: ifset ifclear, Up: set clear value 17.4.1 `@set' and `@value' -------------------------- @@ -10243,7 +10700,7 @@ into It is a {No value for "howmuch"} wet day. -File: texinfo.info, Node: ifset ifclear, Next: value Example, Prev: set value, Up: set clear value +File: texinfo, Node: ifset ifclear, Next: value Example, Prev: set value, Up: set clear value 17.4.2 `@ifset' and `@ifclear' ------------------------------ @@ -10299,7 +10756,7 @@ and an `@end ifclear' command; rather, they ignore that text. An @ifclear FLAG -File: texinfo.info, Node: value Example, Prev: ifset ifclear, Up: set clear value +File: texinfo, Node: value Example, Prev: ifset ifclear, Up: set clear value 17.4.3 `@value' Example ----------------------- @@ -10309,7 +10766,7 @@ need to change when you record an update to a manual. *Note GNU Sample Texts::, for the full text of an example of using this to work with Automake distributions. - This example is adapted from *Note Overview: (make)Top. + This example is adapted from *note Overview: (make)Top. 1. Set the flags: @@ -10368,7 +10825,7 @@ Automake distributions. you do not need to edit the three sections. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Conditional Nesting, Prev: set clear value, Up: Conditionals +File: texinfo, Node: Conditional Nesting, Prev: set clear value, Up: Conditionals 17.5 Conditional Nesting ======================== @@ -10409,7 +10866,7 @@ the processors cannot reliably determine which commands to consider for nesting purposes. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Internationalization, Next: Defining New Texinfo Commands, Prev: Conditionals, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Internationalization, Next: Defining New Texinfo Commands, Prev: Conditionals, Up: Top 18 Internationalization *********************** @@ -10418,7 +10875,7 @@ Texinfo has some support for writing in languages other than English, although this area still needs considerable work. For a list of the various accented and special characters Texinfo -supports, see *Note Inserting Accents::. +supports, see *note Inserting Accents::. * Menu: @@ -10426,124 +10883,142 @@ supports, see *Note Inserting Accents::. * documentencoding:: Declaring the input encoding. -File: texinfo.info, Node: documentlanguage, Next: documentencoding, Up: Internationalization +File: texinfo, Node: documentlanguage, Next: documentencoding, Up: Internationalization -18.1 `@documentlanguage CC': Set the Document Language -====================================================== +18.1 `@documentlanguage LL[_CC]': Set the Document Language +=========================================================== + +The `@documentlanguage' command declares the current document locale. +Write it on a line by itself, near the beginning of the file, but after +`@setfilename' (*note `@setfilename': setfilename.). + + Include a two-letter ISO 639-2 language code (LL) following the +command name, optionally followed by a two-letter ISO 3166 two-letter +country code (CC). If you have a multilingual document, the intent is +to be able to use this command multiple times, to declare each language +change. If the command is not used at all, the default is `en_US' for +US English. + + As with GNU Gettext (*note Top: (gettext)Top.), if the country code +is omitted, the main dialect is assumed where possible. For example, +`de' is equivalent to `de_DE' (German as spoken in Germany). -The `@documentlanguage' command declares the current document language. -Write it on a line by itself, with a two-letter ISO-639 language code -following (list is included below). If you have a multilingual -document, the intent is to be able to use this command multiple times, -to declare each language change. If the command is not used at all, -the default is `en' for English. - - At present, this command is ignored in Info and HTML output. For -TeX, it causes the file `txi-CC.tex' to be read (if it exists). Such a -file appropriately redefines the various English words used in TeX -output, such as `Chapter', `See', and so on. - - It would be good if this command also changed TeX's ideas of the -current hyphenation patterns (via the TeX primitive `\language'), but -this is unfortunately not currently implemented. - - Hereare the valid language codes, from ISO-639. - -`aa' Afar `ab' Abkhazian `af' Afrikaans -`am' Amharic `ar' Arabic `as' Assamese -`ay' Aymara `az' Azerbaijani `ba' Bashkir -`be' Byelorussian `bg' Bulgarian `bh' Bihari -`bi' Bislama `bn' Bengali; Bangla `bo' Tibetan -`br' Breton `ca' Catalan `co' Corsican -`cs' Czech `cy' Welsh `da' Danish -`de' German `dz' Bhutani `el' Greek -`en' English `eo' Esperanto `es' Spanish -`et' Estonian `eu' Basque `fa' Persian -`fi' Finnish `fj' Fiji `fo' Faroese -`fr' French `fy' Frisian `ga' Irish -`gd' Scots Gaelic `gl' Galician `gn' Guarani -`gu' Gujarati `ha' Hausa `he' Hebrew -`hi' Hindi `hr' Croatian `hu' Hungarian -`hy' Armenian `ia' Interlingua `id' Indonesian -`ie' Interlingue `ik' Inupiak `is' Icelandic -`it' Italian `iu' Inuktitut `ja' Japanese -`jw' Javanese `ka' Georgian `kk' Kazakh -`kl' Greenlandic `km' Cambodian `kn' Kannada -`ks' Kashmiri `ko' Korean `ku' Kurdish -`ky' Kirghiz `la' Latin `ln' Lingala -`lt' Lithuanian `lo' Laothian `lv' Latvian, Lettish -`mg' Malagasy `mi' Maori `mk' Macedonian -`ml' Malayalam `mn' Mongolian `mo' Moldavian -`mr' Marathi `ms' Malay `mt' Maltese -`my' Burmese `na' Nauru `ne' Nepali -`nl' Dutch `no' Norwegian `oc' Occitan -`om' (Afan) Oromo `or' Oriya `pa' Punjabi -`pl' Polish `ps' Pashto, Pushto `pt' Portuguese -`qu' Quechua `rm' Rhaeto-Romance `rn' Kirundi -`ro' Romanian `ru' Russian `rw' Kinyarwanda -`sa' Sanskrit `sd' Sindhi `sg' Sangro -`sh' Serbo-Croatian `si' Sinhalese `sk' Slovak -`sl' Slovenian `sm' Samoan `sn' Shona -`so' Somali `sq' Albanian `sr' Serbian -`ss' Siswati `st' Sesotho `su' Sundanese -`sv' Swedish `sw' Swahili `ta' Tamil -`te' Telugu `tg' Tajik `th' Thai -`ti' Tigrinya `tk' Turkmen `tl' Tagalog -`tn' Setswana `to' Tonga `tr' Turkish -`ts' Tsonga `tt' Tatar `tw' Twi -`ug' Uighur `uk' Ukrainian `ur' Urdu -`uz' Uzbek `vi' Vietnamese `vo' Volapuk -`wo' Wolof `xh' Xhosa `yi' Yiddish -`yo' Yoruba `za' Zhuang `zh' Chinese -`zu' Zulu - - -File: texinfo.info, Node: documentencoding, Prev: documentlanguage, Up: Internationalization + For Info and other online output, this command changes the translation +of various "document strings" such as "see" in cross-references (*note +Cross References::), "Function' in defuns (*note Definition +Commands::), and so on. Some strings, such as "Node:", "Next:", +"Menu:", etc., are keywords in Info output, so are not translated +there; they are translated in other output formats. + + For TeX, this command causes a file `txi-LOCALE.tex' to be read (if +it exists). If `@setdocumentlanguage' argument contains the optional +`_CC' suffix, this is tried first. For example, with +`@setdocumentlanguage de_DE', TeX first looks for `txi-de_DE.tex', then +`txi-de.tex'. + + Such a `txi-*' file is intended to redefine the various English words +used in TeX output, such as `Chapter', `See', and so on. We are aware +that individual words like these cannot always be translated in +isolation, and that a very different strategy would be required for +ideographic (among other) scripts. Help in improving Texinfo's +language support is welcome. + + It would also be desirable for this command to also change TeX's +ideas of the current hyphenation patterns (via the TeX primitive +`\language'), but this is unfortunately not currently implemented. + + In September 2006, the W3C Internationalization Activity released a +new recommendation for specifying tags identifying language: + `http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt' + When Gettext supports this new scheme, Texinfo will too. + + Since the lists of language codes and country codes are quite dynamic, +we don't attempt to list them here. The valid language codes are on +the official home page for ISO 639, +`http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/'. The country codes and the +official web site for ISO 3166 can be found via +`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166'. + + +File: texinfo, Node: documentencoding, Prev: documentlanguage, Up: Internationalization 18.2 `@documentencoding ENC': Set Input Encoding ================================================ The `@documentencoding' command declares the input document encoding. Write it on a line by itself, with a valid encoding specification -following. +following, near the beginning of the file but after `@setfilename' +(*note `@setfilename': setfilename.). - At present, Texinfo supports only three encodings: + At present, Texinfo supports only these encodings: `US-ASCII' This has no particular effect, but it's included for completeness. +`UTF-8' + The vast global character encoding, expressed in 8-bit bytes. The + Texinfo processors have no deep knowledge of Unicode; for the most + part, they just pass along the input they are given to the output. + `ISO-8859-1' +`ISO-8859-15' `ISO-8859-2' - These specify the standard encodings for Western European and - Eastern European languages, respectively. A full description of - the encodings is beyond our scope here; - `http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html' is one of many useful - references. + These specify the standard encodings for Western European (the + first two) and Eastern European languages (the third), + respectively. ISO 8859-15 replaces some little-used characters + from 8859-1 (e.g., precomposed fractions) with more commonly + needed ones, such as the Euro symbol (Euro ). + + A full description of the encodings is beyond our scope here; one + useful reference is `http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html'. + +`koi8-r' + This is the commonly used encoding for the Russian language. + +`koi8-u' + This is the commonly used encoding for the Ukrainian language. + Specifying an encoding ENC has the following effects: - In Info output, if the option `--enable-encoding' is also given to + In Info output, unless the option `--disable-encoding' is given to `makeinfo', a so-called `Local Variables' section (*note File Variables: (emacs)File Variables.) is output including ENC. This -allows Info readers to set the encoding appropriately: +allows Info readers to set the encoding appropriately. Local Variables: coding: ENC End: + Also, in Info and plain text output (barring `--disable-encoding'), +accent constructs and special characters, such as `@'e', are output as +the actual 8-bit character in the given encoding. + In HTML output, a `<meta>' tag is output, in the `<head>' section of the HTML, that specifies ENC. Web servers and browsers cooperate to use this information so the correct encoding is used to display the -page. +page, if supported by the system. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ENC"> - In all other cases, it is recognized but ignored. + In split HTML output, if `--transliterate-file-names' is given (*note +HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion::), the names of HTML files are +formed by transliteration of the corresponding node names, using the +specified encoding. + + In XML and Docbook output, the given document encoding is written in +the output file as usual with those formats. + + In TeX output, the characters which are supported in the standard +Computer Modern fonts are output accordingly. (For example, this means +using constructed accents rather than precomposed glyphs.) Using a +missing character generates a warning message, as does specifying an +unimplemented encoding. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Defining New Texinfo Commands, Next: Hardcopy, Prev: Internationalization, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Defining New Texinfo Commands, Next: Hardcopy, Prev: Internationalization, Up: Top 19 Defining New Texinfo Commands ******************************** @@ -10575,7 +11050,7 @@ Texinfo provides several ways to define new commands: * definfoenclose:: Customized highlighting. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Defining Macros, Next: Invoking Macros, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Defining Macros, Next: Invoking Macros, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands 19.1 Defining Macros ==================== @@ -10636,7 +11111,7 @@ to undefine a macro that is already undefined. For example: @unmacro foo -File: texinfo.info, Node: Invoking Macros, Next: Macro Details, Prev: Defining Macros, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Invoking Macros, Next: Macro Details, Prev: Defining Macros, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands 19.2 Invoking Macros ==================== @@ -10673,13 +11148,58 @@ produces: No arguments here. - To insert a comma, brace, or backslash in an argument, prepend a -backslash, as in + Passing strings containing commas as macro arguments requires special +care, since they should be properly "quoted" to prevent `makeinfo' from +confusing them with argument separators. To manually quote a comma, +prepend it with a backslash character, like this: `\,'. Alternatively, +use the `@comma' command (*note Inserting a Comma::). However, to +facilitate use of macros, `makeinfo' implements a set of rules called +"automatic quoting": + + 1. If a macro takes only one argument, all commas in its invocation + are quoted by default. For example: + + @macro FIXME{text} + @strong{FIXME: \text\} + @end macro + + @FIXME{A nice feature, though it can be dangerous.} + + will produce the following output + + *FIXME: A nice feature, though it can be dangerous.* + + And indeed, it can. Namely, `makeinfo' does not control number of + arguments passed to one-argument macros, so be careful when you + invoke them. + + 2. If a macro invocation includes another command (including a + recursive invocation of itself), any commas in the nested command + invocation(s) are quoted by default. For example, in + + @say{@strong{Yes, I do}, person one} + + the comma after `Yes' is implicitly quoted. Here's another + example, with a recursive macro: + + @rmacro cat{a,b} + \a\\b\ + @end rmacro + + @cat{@cat{foo, bar}, baz} + + will produce the string `foobarbaz'. + + 3. Otherwise, a comma should be explicitly quoted, as above, to be + treated as a part of an argument. + + Other characters that need to be quoted in macro arguments are curly +braces and backslash. For example @MACNAME {\\\{\}\,} -which will pass the (almost certainly error-producing) argument `\{},' -to MACNAME. However, commas in parameters, even if escaped by a +will pass the (almost certainly error-producing) argument `\{},' to +MACNAME. However, commas in parameters, even if escaped by a backslash, might cause trouble in TeX. If the macro is defined to take a single argument, and is invoked @@ -10709,10 +11229,10 @@ produces: Twice: a,b & a,b. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Macro Details, Next: alias, Prev: Invoking Macros, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands +File: texinfo, Node: Macro Details, Next: alias, Prev: Invoking Macros, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands -19.3 Macro Details -================== +19.3 Macro Details and Caveats +============================== Due to unavoidable limitations, certain macro-related constructs cause problems with TeX. If you get macro-related errors when producing the @@ -10724,22 +11244,59 @@ texi2dvi::). * It is not advisable to redefine any TeX primitive, plain, or Texinfo command name as a macro. Unfortunately this is a very large - set of names, and the possible resulting errors are completely - random. + set of names, and the possible resulting errors are unpredictable. * All macros are expanded inside at least one TeX group. This means that `@set' and other such commands have no effect inside a macro. - * Macros containing a command which must be on a line by itself, - such as a conditional, cannot be invoked in the middle of a line. - * Commas in macro arguments, even if escaped by a backslash, don't always work. - * It is best to avoid comments inside macro definitions. - * Macro arguments cannot cross lines. + * It is (usually) best to avoid comments inside macro definitions, + but see the next item. + + * Macros containing a command which must be on a line by itself, + such as a conditional, cannot be invoked in the middle of a line. + In general, the interaction of newlines in the macro definitions + and invocations depends on the precise commands and context. You + may be able to work around some problems with judicious use of + `@c'. Suppose you define a macro that is always intended to be + used on a line by itself: + + @macro linemac + @cindex whatever + @c + @end macro + ... + foo + @linemac + bar + + Without the `@c', there will be an unwanted blank line between the + `@cindex whatever' and the `bar' (one newline comes from the macro + definition, one from after the invocation), causing a paragraph + break. + + On the other hand, you wouldn't want the `@c' if the macro was + sometimes invoked in the middle of a line (the text after the + invocation would be treated as a comment). + + * In general, you can't arbitrarily substitute a macro call for + Texinfo command arguments, even when the text is the same. It + might work with some commands, it fails with others. Best not to + do it at all. For instance, this fails: + + @macro offmacro + off + @end macro + @headings @offmacro + + You would expect this to be equivalent to `@headings off', but for + TeXnical reasons, it fails with a mysterious error message + (`Paragraph ended before @headings was complete'). + * Macros cannot define macros in the natural way. To do this, you must use conditionals and raw TeX. For example: @@ -10779,7 +11336,7 @@ ignored at the beginnings of lines. (by introducing a new macro syntax). -File: texinfo.info, Node: alias, Next: definfoenclose, Prev: Macro Details, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands +File: texinfo, Node: alias, Next: definfoenclose, Prev: Macro Details, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands 19.4 `@alias NEW=EXISTING' ========================== @@ -10814,7 +11371,7 @@ command name as an alias. Unfortunately this is a very large set of names, and the possible resulting errors are completely random. -File: texinfo.info, Node: definfoenclose, Prev: alias, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands +File: texinfo, Node: definfoenclose, Prev: alias, Up: Defining New Texinfo Commands 19.5 `definfoenclose': Customized Highlighting ============================================== @@ -10841,9 +11398,9 @@ name with two commas in a row; otherwise, the Info formatting commands will naturally misinterpret the end delimiter string you intended as the start delimiter string. - If you do a `@definfoenclose' on the name of a pre-defined macro -(such as `@emph', `@strong', `@t', or `@i'), the enclosure definition -will override the built-in definition. + If you do a `@definfoenclose' on the name of a predefined macro (such +as `@emph', `@strong', `@t', or `@i'), the enclosure definition will +override the built-in definition. An enclosure command defined this way takes one argument in braces; this is intended for new markup commands (*note Marking Text::). @@ -10883,7 +11440,7 @@ argument to `@headword'. indirectly. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Hardcopy, Next: Creating and Installing Info Files, Prev: Defining New Texinfo Commands, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Hardcopy, Next: Creating and Installing Info Files, Prev: Defining New Texinfo Commands, Up: Top 20 Formatting and Printing Hardcopy *********************************** @@ -10922,7 +11479,7 @@ print queue, and delete a job from the print queue. * Obtaining TeX:: How to Obtain TeX. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Use TeX, Next: Format with tex/texindex, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Use TeX, Next: Format with tex/texindex, Up: Hardcopy 20.1 Use TeX ============ @@ -10938,7 +11495,7 @@ very same @-commands in the Texinfo file as does TeX, but process them differently to make an Info file (*note Creating an Info File::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Format with tex/texindex, Next: Format with texi2dvi, Prev: Use TeX, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Format with tex/texindex, Next: Format with texi2dvi, Prev: Use TeX, Up: Hardcopy 20.2 Format with `tex' and `texindex' ===================================== @@ -10954,12 +11511,11 @@ file (for "DeVice Independent" file) can be printed on virtually any device (see the following sections). The `tex' formatting command itself does not sort the indices; it -writes an output file of unsorted index data. (The `texi2dvi' command -automatically generates indices; *note Format with `texi2dvi': Format -with texi2dvi.) To generate a printed index after running the `tex' -command, you first need a sorted index to work from. The `texindex' -command sorts indices. (The source file `texindex.c' comes as part of -the standard Texinfo distribution, among other places.) +writes an output file of unsorted index data. To generate a printed +index after running the `tex' command, you first need a sorted index to +work from. The `texindex' command sorts indices. (The source file +`texindex.c' comes as part of the standard Texinfo distribution, among +other places.) (`texi2dvi' runs `tex' and `texindex' as necessary.) The `tex' formatting command outputs unsorted index files under names that obey a standard convention: the name of your main input file with @@ -11038,7 +11594,7 @@ beginning of your file would look approximately like this: `--no-validate' option (*note Pointer Validation::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Format with texi2dvi, Next: Print with lpr, Prev: Format with tex/texindex, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Format with texi2dvi, Next: Print with lpr, Prev: Format with tex/texindex, Up: Hardcopy 20.3 Format with `texi2dvi' =========================== @@ -11060,22 +11616,60 @@ perhaps in other circumstances, you may need to run `sh texi2dvi foo.texi' instead of relying on the operating system to invoke the shell on the `texi2dvi' script. - Perhaps the most useful option to `texi2dvi' is `--command=CMD'. -This inserts CMD on a line by itself after the `@setfilename' in a -temporary copy of the input file before running TeX. With this, you -can specify different printing formats, such as `@smallbook' (*note -smallbook::), `@afourpaper' (*note A4 Paper::), or `@pagesizes' (*note -pagesizes::), without actually changing the document source. (You can -also do this on a site-wide basis with `texinfo.cnf'; *note Preparing -for TeX: Preparing for TeX.). + One useful option to `texi2dvi' is `--command=CMD'. This inserts CMD +on a line by itself after the `@setfilename' in a temporary copy of the +input file before running TeX. With this, you can specify different +printing formats, such as `@smallbook' (*note smallbook::), +`@afourpaper' (*note A4 Paper::), or `@pagesizes' (*note pagesizes::), +without actually changing the document source. (You can also do this +on a site-wide basis with `texinfo.cnf'; *note Preparing for TeX: +Preparing for TeX.). + + With the `--pdf' option, `texi2dvi' produces PDF output instead of +DVI (*note PDF Output::), by running `pdftex' instead of `tex'. +Alternatively, the command `texi2pdf' is an abbreviation for running +`texi2dvi --pdf'. The command `pdftexi2dvi' is also supported as a +convenience to AUC-TeX users, since the latter merely prepends `pdf' to +DVI producing tools to have PDF producing tools. `texi2dvi' can also be used to process LaTeX files; simply run `texi2dvi filename.ext'. + Normally `texi2dvi' is able to guess the input file language by its +contents and file name suffix. If, however, it fails to do so you can +specify the input language using `--language=LANG' command line option, +where LANG is either `latex' or `texinfo'. + + `texi2dvi' will use `etex' (or `pdfetex') if they are available; +these extended versions of TeX are not required, and the DVI (or PDF) +output is identical, but they simplify the TeX programming in some +cases, and provide additional tracing information when debugging +`texinfo.tex'. + + Several options are provided for handling documents, written in +character sets other than ASCII. The `--translate-file=FILE' option +instructs `texi2dv' to translate input into internal TeX character set +using "translation file" FILE (*note TCX files: (web2c)TCX files.). + + The options `--recode' and `--recode-from=ENC' allow conversion of an +input document before running TeX. The `--recode' option recodes the +document from encoding specified by `@documentencoding' command (*note +`documentencoding': documentencoding.) to plain 7-bit `texinfo' +encoding. + + The option `--recode-from=ENC' recodes the document from ENC encoding +to the encoding specified by `@documentencoding'. This is useful, for +example, if the document is written in `UTF-8' encoding and an +equivalent 8-bit encoding is supported by `makeinfo'. + + Both `--recode' and `--recode-from=ENC' use `recode' utility to +perform the conversion. If `recode' fails to process the file, +`texi2dvi' prints a warning and continues using unmodified input file. + For a list of other options, run `texi2dvi --help'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Print with lpr, Next: Within Emacs, Prev: Format with texi2dvi, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Print with lpr, Next: Within Emacs, Prev: Format with texi2dvi, Up: Hardcopy 20.4 Shell Print Using `lpr -d' =============================== @@ -11129,7 +11723,7 @@ several alternative ways of printing DVI files: port, usually `PRN'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Within Emacs, Next: Texinfo Mode Printing, Prev: Print with lpr, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Within Emacs, Next: Texinfo Mode Printing, Prev: Print with lpr, Up: Hardcopy 20.5 From an Emacs Shell ======================== @@ -11154,7 +11748,7 @@ from a shell within Emacs: printing in Texinfo mode. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Texinfo Mode Printing, Next: Compile-Command, Prev: Within Emacs, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Texinfo Mode Printing, Next: Compile-Command, Prev: Within Emacs, Up: Hardcopy 20.6 Formatting and Printing in Texinfo Mode ============================================ @@ -11253,7 +11847,7 @@ details about this. The Texinfo variables can be found in the command. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Compile-Command, Next: Requirements Summary, Prev: Texinfo Mode Printing, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Compile-Command, Next: Requirements Summary, Prev: Texinfo Mode Printing, Up: Hardcopy 20.7 Using the Local Variables List =================================== @@ -11271,10 +11865,10 @@ Emacs runs the compile command. For example, at the end of the End: This technique is most often used by programmers who also compile -programs this way; see *Note Compilation: (emacs)Compilation. +programs this way; see *note Compilation: (emacs)Compilation. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Requirements Summary, Next: Preparing for TeX, Prev: Compile-Command, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Requirements Summary, Next: Preparing for TeX, Prev: Compile-Command, Up: Hardcopy 20.8 TeX Formatting Requirements Summary ======================================== @@ -11304,20 +11898,20 @@ contents. (And of course most manuals contain a body of text as well.) For more information, see: - * *Note `@settitle': settitle. + * *note `@settitle': settitle. - * *Note `@setchapternewpage': setchapternewpage. + * *note `@setchapternewpage': setchapternewpage. - * *Note Page Headings: Headings. + * *note Page Headings: Headings. - * *Note Titlepage & Copyright Page::. + * *note Titlepage & Copyright Page::. - * *Note Printing Indices & Menus::. + * *note Printing Indices & Menus::. - * *Note Contents::. + * *note Contents::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Preparing for TeX, Next: Overfull hboxes, Prev: Requirements Summary, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Preparing for TeX, Next: Overfull hboxes, Prev: Requirements Summary, Up: Hardcopy 20.9 Preparing for TeX ====================== @@ -11340,8 +11934,13 @@ will find it there. from another distribution. More details are at the end of the description of the `@image' command (*note Images::). - Likewise for `pdfcolor.tex', if it is not already installed and you -use pdftex. + To be able to use quotation marks other than those used in English +you'll need to install European Computer Modern fonts and optionally +CM-Super fonts, unless they are already installed (*note Inserting +Quotation Marks::). + + If you intend to use the `@euro' command, you should install the Euro +font, if it is not already installed. *Note euro::. Optionally, you may create an additional `texinfo.cnf', and install it as well. This file is read by TeX when the `@setfilename' command @@ -11398,9 +11997,9 @@ findable by TeX: initex texinfo @dump - (`dump' is a TeX primitive.) Then, move `texinfo.fmt' to wherever -your `.fmt' files are found; typically, this will be in the -subdirectory `web2c' of your TeX installation. +(`dump' is a TeX primitive.) Then, move `texinfo.fmt' to wherever your +`.fmt' files are found; typically, this will be in the subdirectory +`web2c' of your TeX installation. ---------- Footnotes ---------- @@ -11408,7 +12007,7 @@ subdirectory `web2c' of your TeX installation. separator on these systems. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Overfull hboxes, Next: smallbook, Prev: Preparing for TeX, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Overfull hboxes, Next: smallbook, Prev: Preparing for TeX, Up: Hardcopy 20.10 Overfull "hboxes" ======================= @@ -11460,7 +12059,7 @@ before the `@titlepage' command: @finalout -File: texinfo.info, Node: smallbook, Next: A4 Paper, Prev: Overfull hboxes, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: smallbook, Next: A4 Paper, Prev: Overfull hboxes, Up: Hardcopy 20.11 Printing "Small" Books ============================ @@ -11486,12 +12085,12 @@ end-of-header lines, the Texinfo mode TeX region formatting command, *Note small::, for information about commands that make it easier to produce examples for a smaller manual. - *Note Format with texi2dvi::, and *Note Preparing for TeX: Preparing + *Note Format with texi2dvi::, and *note Preparing for TeX: Preparing for TeX, for other ways to format with `@smallbook' that do not require changing the source file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: A4 Paper, Next: pagesizes, Prev: smallbook, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: A4 Paper, Next: pagesizes, Prev: smallbook, Up: Hardcopy 20.12 Printing on A4 Paper ========================== @@ -11509,7 +12108,7 @@ header for this manual: @afourpaper @c %**end of header - *Note Format with texi2dvi::, and *Note Preparing for TeX: Preparing + *Note Format with texi2dvi::, and *note Preparing for TeX: Preparing for TeX, for other ways to format for different paper sizes that do not require changing the source file. @@ -11517,7 +12116,7 @@ require changing the source file. `@afourlatex'. There's also `@afourwide' for A4 paper in wide format. -File: texinfo.info, Node: pagesizes, Next: Cropmarks and Magnification, Prev: A4 Paper, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: pagesizes, Next: Cropmarks and Magnification, Prev: A4 Paper, Up: Hardcopy 20.13 `@pagesizes' [WIDTH][, HEIGHT]: Custom Page Sizes ======================================================= @@ -11540,14 +12139,14 @@ paper (which is 250mm by 177mm for B5, 14in by 8.5in for legal). margins, you must define a new command in `texinfo.tex' (or `texinfo.cnf', *note Preparing for TeX: Preparing for TeX.). - *Note Format with texi2dvi::, and *Note Preparing for TeX: Preparing + *Note Format with texi2dvi::, and *note Preparing for TeX: Preparing for TeX, for other ways to specify `@pagesizes' that do not require changing the source file. `@pagesizes' is ignored by `makeinfo'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Cropmarks and Magnification, Next: PDF Output, Prev: pagesizes, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Cropmarks and Magnification, Next: PDF Output, Prev: pagesizes, Up: Hardcopy 20.14 Cropmarks and Magnification ================================= @@ -11596,32 +12195,46 @@ nonstandard-`\mag' may not print or may print only with certain magnifications. Be prepared to experiment. -File: texinfo.info, Node: PDF Output, Next: Obtaining TeX, Prev: Cropmarks and Magnification, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: PDF Output, Next: Obtaining TeX, Prev: Cropmarks and Magnification, Up: Hardcopy 20.15 PDF Output ================ -You can generate a PDF output file from Texinfo source by using the -`pdftex' program to process your file instead of plain `tex'. That is, -run `pdftex foo.texi' instead of `tex foo.texi', or give the `--pdf' -option to `texi2dvi'. +The simplest way to generate PDF output from Texinfo source is to run +the convenience script `texi2pdf' (or `pdftexi2dvi'); this simply +executes the `texi2dvi' script with the `--pdf' option (*note Format +with texi2dvi::). If for some reason you want to process the document +by hand, simply run the `pdftex' program instead of plain `tex'. That +is, run `pdftex foo.texi' instead of `tex foo.texi'. "PDF" stands for `Portable Document Format'. It was invented by Adobe Systems some years ago for document interchange, based on their -PostScript language. A PDF reader (http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/) for -the X window system is freely available, as is the definition of the -file format (http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/technotes/). At -present, there are no `@ifpdf' or `@pdf' commands as with the other -output formats. +PostScript language. Related links: + + * GNU GV, a Ghostscript-based PDF reader + (http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/). (It can also preview PostScript + documents.) + + * A freely available standalone PDF reader + (http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/) for the X window system. + + * PDF definition + (http://partners.adobe.com/asn/acrobat/sdk/public/docs/). - Despite the `portable' in the name, PDF files are nowhere near as -portable in practice as the plain ASCII formats (Info, HTML) that -Texinfo supports (DVI portability is arguable). They also tend to be -much larger. Nevertheless, a PDF file does preserve an actual printed -document on a screen as faithfully as possible, so it has its place. + + At present, Texinfo does not provide `@ifpdf' or `@pdf' commands as +for the other output formats, since PDF documents contain many internal +links that would be hard or impossible to get right at the Texinfo +source level. + + PDF files require special software to be displayed, unlike the plain +ASCII formats (Info, HTML) that Texinfo supports. They also tend to be +much larger than the DVI files output by TeX by default. Nevertheless, +a PDF file does define an actual typeset document in a self-contained +file, so it has its place. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Obtaining TeX, Prev: PDF Output, Up: Hardcopy +File: texinfo, Node: Obtaining TeX, Prev: PDF Output, Up: Hardcopy 20.16 How to Obtain TeX ======================= @@ -11638,8 +12251,8 @@ Source Code CD-ROM suitable for printing Texinfo manuals. To order it, contact: Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place Suite 330 - Boston, MA 02111-1307 + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor + Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Telephone: +1-617-542-5942 Fax: (including Japan) +1-617-542-2652 @@ -11651,7 +12264,7 @@ contact: Many other TeX distributions are available; see `http://tug.org/'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Creating and Installing Info Files, Next: Generating HTML, Prev: Hardcopy, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Creating and Installing Info Files, Next: Generating HTML, Prev: Hardcopy, Up: Top 21 Creating and Installing Info Files ************************************* @@ -11665,7 +12278,7 @@ Info Files::, for general information about the file format itself. * Installing an Info File:: -File: texinfo.info, Node: Creating an Info File, Next: Installing an Info File, Up: Creating and Installing Info Files +File: texinfo, Node: Creating an Info File, Next: Installing an Info File, Up: Creating and Installing Info Files 21.1 Creating an Info File ========================== @@ -11693,7 +12306,7 @@ Installing an Info File::. to run better. -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo advantages, Next: Invoking makeinfo, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo advantages, Next: Invoking makeinfo, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.1 `makeinfo' Preferred --------------------------- @@ -11712,7 +12325,7 @@ are useful if you cannot run `makeinfo'. Also, in some circumstances, they format short regions or buffers more quickly than `makeinfo'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Invoking makeinfo, Next: makeinfo options, Prev: makeinfo advantages, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Invoking makeinfo, Next: makeinfo options, Prev: makeinfo advantages, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.2 Running `makeinfo' from a Shell -------------------------------------- @@ -11729,7 +12342,7 @@ Bison, type the following to the shell: the next section. -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo options, Next: Pointer Validation, Prev: Invoking makeinfo, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo options, Next: Pointer Validation, Prev: Invoking makeinfo, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.3 Options for `makeinfo' ----------------------------- @@ -11773,13 +12386,27 @@ and would also set the fill column to 70. sheets specifications, in the `<style>' block of the HTML output. *Note HTML CSS::. If FILE is `-', read standard input. +`--css-ref=URL' + In HTML mode, add a `<link>' tag to the HTML output which + references a cascading style sheet at URL. This allows using + standalone style sheets. + +`--disable-encoding' +`--enable-encoding' + By default, or with `--enable-encoding', output accented and + special characters in Info or plain text output based on + `@documentencoding'. With `--disable-encoding', 7-bit ASCII + transliterations are output. *Note `documentencoding': + documentencoding, and *note Inserting Accents::. + `--docbook' Generate Docbook output rather than Info. -`--enable-encoding' - Output accented and special characters in Info or plain text output - based on `@documentencoding'. *Note `documentencoding': - documentencoding, and *Note Inserting Accents::. +`--document-language=LANG' + Use LANG to translate Texinfo keywords which end up in the output + document. The default is the locale specified by the + `@documentlanguage' command if there is one (*note + documentlanguage::). `--error-limit=LIMIT' `-e LIMIT' @@ -11840,8 +12467,7 @@ and would also set the fill column to 70. For the specified format, process `@ifFORMAT' and `@FORMAT' commands even if not generating the given output format. For instance, if `--iftex' is specified, then `@iftex' and `@tex' - blocks will be read. This can be useful when postprocessing the - output. + blocks will be read. `--macro-expand=FILE' `-E FILE' @@ -11851,11 +12477,13 @@ and would also set the fill column to 70. by `texi2dvi'. `--no-headers' - For Info output, do not include menus or node separator lines in - the output, and implicitly `--enable-encoding' (see above). This - results in a simple plain text file that you can (for example) - send in email without complications, or include in a distribution - (as in an `INSTALL' file). + +`--plaintext' + Do not include menus or node separator lines in the output, and + implicitly `--enable-encoding' (see above). This results in a + simple plain text file that you can (for example) send in email + without complications, or include in a distribution (as in an + `INSTALL' file). For HTML output, likewise omit menus. And if `--no-split' is also specified, do not include a navigation links at the top of each @@ -11871,9 +12499,19 @@ and would also set the fill column to 70. `--no-ifplaintext' `--no-iftex' `--no-ifxml' - Do not process `@ifFORMAT' and `@FORMAT' commands even if - generating the given format. For instance, if `--no-ifhtml' is - specified, then `@ifhtml' and `@html' blocks will not be read. + Do not process `@ifFORMAT' and `@FORMAT' commands, and do process + `@ifnotFORMAT', even if generating the given format. For + instance, if `--no-ifhtml' is specified, then `@ifhtml' and + `@html' blocks will not be read, and `@ifnothtml' blocks will be. + +`--no-number-footnotes' + Suppress automatic footnote numbering. By default, `makeinfo' + numbers each footnote sequentially in a single node, resetting the + current footnote number to 1 at the start of each node. + +`--no-number-sections' + Do not output chapter, section, and appendix numbers. You need to + specify this if your manual is not hierarchically-structured. `--no-split' Suppress the splitting stage of `makeinfo'. By default, large @@ -11884,26 +12522,19 @@ and would also set the fill column to 70. `--no-pointer-validate' `--no-validate' - Suppress the pointer-validation phase of `makeinfo'. This can also - be done with the `@novalidate' command (*note Use TeX: Use TeX.). - Normally, after a Texinfo file is processed, some consistency - checks are made to ensure that cross references can be resolved, - etc. *Note Pointer Validation::. + Suppress the pointer-validation phase of `makeinfo'--a dangerous + thing to do. This can also be done with the `@novalidate' command + (*note Use TeX: Use TeX.). Normally, after a Texinfo file is + processed, some consistency checks are made to ensure that cross + references can be resolved, etc. *Note Pointer Validation::. `--no-warn' - Suppress warning messages (but _not_ error messages). You might - want this if the file you are creating has examples of Texinfo - cross references within it, and the nodes that are referenced do - not actually exist. + Suppress warning messages (but _not_ error messages). `--number-sections' Output chapter, section, and appendix numbers as in printed - manuals. - -`--no-number-footnotes' - Suppress automatic footnote numbering. By default, `makeinfo' - numbers each footnote sequentially in a single node, resetting the - current footnote number to 1 at the start of each node. + manuals. This is the default. It works only with + hierarchically-structured manuals. `--output=FILE' `-o FILE' @@ -11935,16 +12566,14 @@ and would also set the fill column to 70. NUM Indent each paragraph by NUM spaces. -`--reference-limit=LIMIT' -`-r LIMIT' - Set the value of the number of references to a node that - `makeinfo' will make without reporting a warning. If a node has - more than this number of references in it, `makeinfo' will make the - references but also report a warning. The default is 1000. - `--split-size=NUM' Keep Info files to at most NUM characters; default is 300,000. +`--transliterate-file-names' + Enable transliteration of 8-bit characters in node names for the + purpose of file name creation. *Note HTML Xref 8-bit Character + Expansion::. + `-U VAR' Cause VAR to be undefined. This is equivalent to `@clear VAR' in the Texinfo file (*note set clear value::). @@ -11971,7 +12600,7 @@ overridden by a command line option. The possible values are: If not set, Info output is the default. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Pointer Validation, Next: makeinfo in Emacs, Prev: makeinfo options, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Pointer Validation, Next: makeinfo in Emacs, Prev: makeinfo options, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.4 Pointer Validation ------------------------- @@ -12008,8 +12637,8 @@ exist. Here is a complete list of what is checked: Some Texinfo documents might fail during the validation phase because they use commands like `@value' and `@definfoenclose' in node -definitions and cross-references inconsistently. Consider the -following example: +definitions and cross-references inconsistently. (Your best bet is to +avoid using @-commands in node names.) Consider the following example: @set nodename Node 1 @@ -12045,7 +12674,7 @@ it, even if invoked with the `--commands-in-node-names' option. option is given. -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo in Emacs, Next: texinfo-format commands, Prev: Pointer Validation, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo in Emacs, Next: texinfo-format commands, Prev: Pointer Validation, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.5 Running `makeinfo' Within Emacs -------------------------------------- @@ -12104,13 +12733,13 @@ initialization file. --fill-column=70 --verbose") For more information, see -*Note Easy Customization Interface: (emacs)Easy Customization, -*Note Examining and Setting Variables: (emacs)Examining, -*Note Init File: (emacs)Init File, and -*Note Options for `makeinfo': makeinfo options. +*note Easy Customization Interface: (emacs)Easy Customization, +*note Examining and Setting Variables: (emacs)Examining, +*note Init File: (emacs)Init File, and +*note Options for `makeinfo': makeinfo options. -File: texinfo.info, Node: texinfo-format commands, Next: Batch Formatting, Prev: makeinfo in Emacs, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: texinfo-format commands, Next: Batch Formatting, Prev: makeinfo in Emacs, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.6 The `texinfo-format...' Commands --------------------------------------- @@ -12137,12 +12766,12 @@ of the Texinfo file. The `texinfo-format-region' and `texinfo-format-buffer' commands provide you with some error checking, and other functions can provide you with further help in finding formatting errors. These procedures -are described in an appendix; see *Note Catching Mistakes::. However, +are described in an appendix; see *note Catching Mistakes::. However, the `makeinfo' program is often faster and provides better error checking (*note makeinfo in Emacs::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: Batch Formatting, Next: Tag and Split Files, Prev: texinfo-format commands, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Batch Formatting, Next: Tag and Split Files, Prev: texinfo-format commands, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.7 Batch Formatting ----------------------- @@ -12171,7 +12800,7 @@ continue working in it. (When you run `texinfo-format-region' or until the command finishes.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Tag and Split Files, Prev: Batch Formatting, Up: Creating an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Tag and Split Files, Prev: Batch Formatting, Up: Creating an Info File 21.1.8 Tag Files and Split Files -------------------------------- @@ -12244,11 +12873,11 @@ may want to run the `Info-validate' command. (The `makeinfo' command does such a good job on its own, you do not need `Info-validate'.) However, you cannot run the `M-x Info-validate' node-checking command on indirect files. For information on how to prevent files from being -split and how to validate the structure of the nodes, see *Note Using +split and how to validate the structure of the nodes, see *note Using Info-validate::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Installing an Info File, Prev: Creating an Info File, Up: Creating and Installing Info Files +File: texinfo, Node: Installing an Info File, Prev: Creating an Info File, Up: Creating and Installing Info Files 21.2 Installing an Info File ============================ @@ -12268,7 +12897,7 @@ Emacs. (*note info: (info)Top, for an introduction to Info.) * Invoking install-info:: `install-info' options. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Directory File, Next: New Info File, Up: Installing an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Directory File, Next: New Info File, Up: Installing an Info File 21.2.1 The Directory File `dir' ------------------------------- @@ -12310,7 +12939,7 @@ can be written in either upper or lower case. This is not true in general, it is a special case for `dir'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: New Info File, Next: Other Info Directories, Prev: Directory File, Up: Installing an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: New Info File, Next: Other Info Directories, Prev: Directory File, Up: Installing an Info File 21.2.2 Listing a New Info File ------------------------------ @@ -12339,7 +12968,7 @@ use just `gdb' for the file name, not `gdb.info'. as well. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Other Info Directories, Next: Installing Dir Entries, Prev: New Info File, Up: Installing an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Other Info Directories, Next: Installing Dir Entries, Prev: New Info File, Up: Installing an Info File 21.2.3 Info Files in Other Directories -------------------------------------- @@ -12443,7 +13072,7 @@ syntax for using values of other environment variables. (2) On MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, use semi-colon instead. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Installing Dir Entries, Next: Invoking install-info, Prev: Other Info Directories, Up: Installing an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Installing Dir Entries, Next: Invoking install-info, Prev: Other Info Directories, Up: Installing an Info File 21.2.4 Installing Info Directory Files -------------------------------------- @@ -12483,6 +13112,15 @@ is how it knows what to do. beginning of the Texinfo input, before the first `@node' command. If you use them later on in the input, `install-info' will not notice them. + `install-info' will automatically reformat the description of the +menu entries it is adding. As a matter of convention, the description +of the main entry (above, `The GNU documentation format') should start +at column 32, starting at zero (as in `what-cursor-position' in Emacs). +This will make it align with most others. Description for individual +utilities best start in column 48, where possible. For more +information about formatting see the `--calign', `--align', and +`--max-width' options in *note Invoking install-info::. + If you use `@dircategory' more than once in the Texinfo source, each usage specifies the `current' category; any subsequent `@direntry' commands will add to that category. @@ -12510,16 +13148,17 @@ documentation for the different programs they can run, as with the traditional `man' system. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Invoking install-info, Prev: Installing Dir Entries, Up: Installing an Info File +File: texinfo, Node: Invoking install-info, Prev: Installing Dir Entries, Up: Installing an Info File 21.2.5 Invoking `install-info' ------------------------------ `install-info' inserts menu entries from an Info file into the top-level `dir' file in the Info system (see the previous sections for -an explanation of how the `dir' file works). It's most often run as -part of software installation, or when constructing a `dir' file for -all manuals on a system. Synopsis: +an explanation of how the `dir' file works). `install-info' also +removes menu entries from the `dir' file. It's most often run as part +of software installation, or when constructing a `dir' file for all +manuals on a system. Synopsis: install-info [OPTION]... [INFO-FILE [DIR-FILE]] @@ -12540,18 +13179,50 @@ DIR-FILE itself does not exist, `install-info' tries to open Options: +`--add-once' + Specifies that the entry or entries will only be put into a single + section. + +`--align=COLUMN' + Specifies the column that the second and subsequent lines of menu + entry's description will be formatted to begin at. The default + for this option is `35'. It is used in conjunction with the + `--max-width' option. COLUMN starts counting at 1. + +`--append-new-sections' + Instead of alphabetizing new sections, place them at the end of + the DIR file. + +`--calign=COLUMN' + Specifies the column that the first line of menu entry's + description will be formatted to begin at. The default for this + option is `33'. It is used in conjunction with the `--max-width' + option. When the name of the menu entry exceeds this column, + entry's description will start on the following line. COLUMN + starts counting at 1. + +`--debug' + Report what is being done. + `--delete' Delete the entries in INFO-FILE from DIR-FILE. The file name in the entry in DIR-FILE must be INFO-FILE (except for an optional - `.info' in either one). Don't insert any new entries. + `.info' in either one). Don't insert any new entries. Any empty + sections that result from the removal are also removed. + +`--description=TEXT' + Specify the explanatory portion of the menu entry. If you don't + specify a description (either via `--entry', `--item' or this + option), the description is taken from the Info file itself. `--dir-file=NAME' -`-d NAME' Specify file name of the Info directory file. This is equivalent to using the DIR-FILE argument. +`--dry-run' + Same as `--test'. + `--entry=TEXT' -`-e TEXT' Insert TEXT as an Info directory entry; TEXT should have the form of an Info menu item line plus zero or more extra lines starting with whitespace. If you specify more than one entry, they are all @@ -12559,45 +13230,104 @@ DIR-FILE itself does not exist, `install-info' tries to open information in the Info file itself. `--help' -`-h' - Display a usage message listing basic usage and all available - options, then exit successfully. + Display a usage message with basic usage and all available options, + then exit successfully. `--info-file=FILE' -`-i FILE' - Specify Info file to install in the directory. Equivalent to - using the INFO-FILE argument. + Specify Info file to install in the directory. This is equivalent + to using the INFO-FILE argument. `--info-dir=DIR' -`-D DIR' Specify the directory where the directory file `dir' resides. Equivalent to `--dir-file=DIR/dir'. +`--infodir=DIR' + Same as `--info-dir'. + `--item=TEXT' Same as `--entry=TEXT'. An Info directory entry is actually a menu item. +`--keep-old' + Do not replace pre-existing menu entries. When `--remove' is + specified, this option means that empty sections are not removed. + +`--max-width=COLUMN' + Specifies the column that the menu entry's description will be + word-wrapped at. COLUMN starts counting at 1. + +`--maxwidth=COLUMN' + Same as `--max-width'. + +`--menuentry=TEXT' + Same as `--name'. + +`--name=TEXT' + Specify the name portion of the menu entry. If the TEXT does not + start with an asterisk `*', it is presumed to be the text after + the `*' and before the parentheses that specify the Info file. + Otherwise TEXT is taken verbatim, and is meant to include the text + up to and including the first dot `.'. If you don't specify the + name (either via `--entry', `--item' or this option), it is taken + from the Info file itself. If the Info does not contain the name, + the basename of the Info file is used. + +`--no-indent' + Suppress formatting of new entries into the `dir' file. + `--quiet' - Suppress warnings. +`--silent' + Suppress warnings, etc., for silent operation. `--remove' -`-r' Same as `--delete'. +`--remove-exactly' + Also like `--delete', but only entries if the Info file name + matches exactly; `.info' and/or `.gz' suffixes are _not_ ignored. + `--section=SEC' -`-s SEC' Put this file's entries in section SEC of the directory. If you specify more than one section, all the entries are added in each of the sections. If you don't specify any sections, they are - determined from information in the Info file itself. + determined from information in the Info file itself. If the Info + file doesn't specify a section, the menu entries are put into the + Miscellaneous section. + +`--section REGEX SEC' + Same as `--regex=REGEX --section=SEC --add-once'. + + `install-info' tries to detect when this alternate syntax is used, + but does not always guess correctly! Here is the heuristic that + `install-info' uses: + 1. If the second argument to `--section' starts with a hyphen, + the original syntax is presumed. + + 2. If the second argument to `--section' is a file that can be + opened, the original syntax is presumed + + 3. Otherwise the alternate syntax is used. + + When heuristic fails because your section title starts with a + hyphen, or it happens to be a filename that can be opened, the + syntax should be changed to `--regex=REGEX --section=SEC + --add-once'. + +`--regex=REGEX' + Put this file's entries into any section that matches REGEX. If + more than one section matches, all of the entries are added in + each of the sections. Specify REGEX using basic regular + expression syntax, more or less as used with `grep', for example. + +`--test' + Suppress updating of the directory file. `--version' -`-V' Display version information and exit successfully. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Generating HTML, Next: Command List, Prev: Creating and Installing Info Files, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Generating HTML, Next: Command List, Prev: Creating and Installing Info Files, Up: Top 22 Generating HTML ****************** @@ -12618,7 +13348,7 @@ overview of all the output formats. * HTML Xref:: Cross-references in HTML output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Translation, Next: HTML Splitting, Up: Generating HTML +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Translation, Next: HTML Splitting, Up: Generating HTML 22.1 HTML Translation ===================== @@ -12648,7 +13378,7 @@ error-free run of `makeinfo' which has browser portability problems as a bug.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Splitting, Next: HTML CSS, Prev: HTML Translation, Up: Generating HTML +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Splitting, Next: HTML CSS, Prev: HTML Translation, Up: Generating HTML 22.2 HTML Splitting =================== @@ -12688,7 +13418,7 @@ named `index.html'. (the argument is used literally). -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML CSS, Next: HTML Xref, Prev: HTML Splitting, Up: Generating HTML +File: texinfo, Node: HTML CSS, Next: HTML Xref, Prev: HTML Splitting, Up: Generating HTML 22.3 HTML CSS ============= @@ -12711,11 +13441,16 @@ use the `inherited' font (generally a regular roman typeface) for both `@smalldisplay' and `@display'. By default, the HTML `<pre>' command uses a monospaced font. - You can influence the CSS in the HTML output with the -`--css-include=FILE' option to `makeinfo'. This includes the contents -FILE in the HTML output, as you might expect. However, the details are -somewhat tricky, as described in the following, to provide maximum -flexibility. + You can influence the CSS in the HTML output with two `makeinfo' +options: `--css-include=FILE' and `--css-ref=URL'. + + The option `--css-ref=URL' adds to each output HTML file a `<link>' +tag referencing a CSS at the given URL. This allows using external +style sheets. + + The option `--css-include=FILE' includes the contents FILE in the +HTML output, as you might expect. However, the details are somewhat +tricky, as described in the following, to provide maximum flexibility. The CSS file may begin with so-called `@import' directives, which link to external CSS specifications for browsers to use when @@ -12765,7 +13500,7 @@ characters and blindly copies the text into the output. Comments in the CSS file may or may not be included in the output. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Xref, Prev: HTML CSS, Up: Generating HTML +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Xref, Prev: HTML CSS, Up: Generating HTML 22.4 HTML Cross-references ========================== @@ -12797,7 +13532,7 @@ in 2003-04. * Mismatch: HTML Xref Mismatch. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Xref Link Basics, Next: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion, Up: HTML Xref +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Xref Link Basics, Next: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion, Up: HTML Xref 22.4.1 HTML Cross-reference Link Basics --------------------------------------- @@ -12823,9 +13558,9 @@ the `http://localhost/' could be omitted entirely. The DIR and FILE parts are more complicated, and depend on the relative split/mono nature of both the manual being processed and the manual that the cross-reference refers to. The underlying idea is that -there is one directory for Texinfo manuals in HTML, and each manual is -either available as a monolithic file `manual.html', or a split -subdirectory `manual/*.html'. Here are the cases: +there is one directory for Texinfo manuals in HTML, and a given MANUAL +is either available as a monolithic file `MANUAL.html', or a split +subdirectory `MANUAL/*.html'. Here are the cases: * If the present manual is split, and the referent manual is also split, the directory is `../REFERENT/' and the file is the @@ -12843,6 +13578,11 @@ subdirectory `manual/*.html'. Here are the cases: file is `REFERENT.html'. + One exception: the algorithm for node name expansion prefixes the +string `g_t' when the node name begins with a non-letter. This kludge +(due to XHTML rules) is not necessary for filenames, and is therefore +omitted. + Any directory part in the filename argument of the source cross-reference command is ignored. Thus, `@xref{,,,../foo}' and `@xref{,,,foo}' both use `foo' as the manual name. This is because any @@ -12864,16 +13604,18 @@ the generating software assumes, and the format it's actually present in. *Note HTML Xref Mismatch::. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion, Next: HTML Xref Command Expansion, Prev: HTML Xref Link Basics, Up: HTML Xref +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion, Next: HTML Xref Command Expansion, Prev: HTML Xref Link Basics, Up: HTML Xref 22.4.2 HTML Cross-reference Node Name Expansion ----------------------------------------------- As mentioned in the previous section, the key part of the HTML cross-reference algorithm is the conversion of node names in the -Texinfo source into strings suitable for HTML identifiers and +Texinfo source into strings suitable for XHTML identifiers and filenames. The restrictions are similar for each: plain ASCII letters, numbers, and the `-' and `_' characters are all that can be used. +(Although HTML anchors can contain most characters, XHTML is more +restrictive.) Cross-references in Texinfo can actually refer either to nodes or anchors (*note anchor::), but anchors are treated identically to nodes @@ -12885,26 +13627,37 @@ in this context, so we'll continue to say "node" names for simplicity. A special exception: the Top node (*note The Top Node::) is always mapped to the file `index.html', to match web server software. However, the HTML _target_ is `Top'. Thus (in the split case): + @xref{Top, Introduction,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. => <a href="emacs/index.html#Top"> - 1. The standard ASCII letters (a-z and A-z), and numbers (0-9) are not - modified. All other characters are changed as specified below. + 1. The standard ASCII letters (a-z and A-Z) are not modified. All + other characters are changed as specified below. - 2. Multiple consecutive space, tab and newline characters are + 2. The standard ASCII numbers (0-9) are not modified except when a + number is the first character of the node name. In that case, see + below. + + 3. Multiple consecutive space, tab and newline characters are transformed into just one space. (It's not possible to have newlines in node names with the current implementation, but we specify it anyway, just in case.) - 3. Leading and trailing spaces are removed. + 4. Leading and trailing spaces are removed. - 4. After the above has been applied, each remaining space character is + 5. After the above has been applied, each remaining space character is converted into a `-' character. - 5. Other ASCII 7-bit characters are transformed into `_00XX', where + 6. Other ASCII 7-bit characters are transformed into `_00XX', where XX is the ASCII character code in (lowercase) hexadecimal. This includes `_', which is mapped to `_005f'. + 7. If the node name does not begin with a letter, the literal string + `g_t' is prefixed to the result. (Due to the rules above, that + string can never occur otherwise; it is an arbitrary choice, + standing for "GNU Texinfo".) This is necessary because XHTML + requires that identifiers begin with a letter. + For example: @@ -12930,7 +13683,7 @@ mapped to the same file. target names are always case-sensitive, independent of operating system. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Xref Command Expansion, Next: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion, Prev: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion, Up: HTML Xref +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Xref Command Expansion, Next: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion, Prev: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion, Up: HTML Xref 22.4.3 HTML Cross-reference Command Expansion --------------------------------------------- @@ -12952,7 +13705,7 @@ completeness. removed, the text of the argument is recursively transformed: @asis @b @cite @code @command @dfn @dmn @dotless @emph @env @file @indicateurl @kbd @key - @samp @sc @strong @t @var @w + @samp @sc @slanted @strong @t @var @w For `@sc', any letters are capitalized. @@ -12986,21 +13739,23 @@ other rules. `@enddots' `...' `@equiv' U+2261 `@error' `error-->' +`@euro' U+20AC `@exclamdown' U+00A1 `@expansion' U+2192 `@minus' U+2212 `@ordf' U+00AA `@ordm' U+00BA -`@point' U+2217 +`@point' U+2605 `@pounds' U+00A3 -`@print' `-|' +`@print' U+22A3 `@questiondown' U+00BF `@registeredsymbol' U+00AE `@result' U+21D2 `@tie' (space) - An `@acronym' command is replaced by the first argument, followed by -the second argument in parentheses, if present. *Note acronym::. + An `@acronym' or `@abbr' command is replaced by the first argument, +followed by the second argument in parentheses, if present. *Note +acronym::. An `@email' command is replaced by the TEXT argument if present, else the address. *Note email::. @@ -13014,15 +13769,16 @@ verb::. Any other command is an error, and the result is unspecified. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion, Next: HTML Xref Mismatch, Prev: HTML Xref Command Expansion, Up: HTML Xref +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion, Next: HTML Xref Mismatch, Prev: HTML Xref Command Expansion, Up: HTML Xref 22.4.4 HTML Cross-reference 8-bit Character Expansion ----------------------------------------------------- -Characters other than plain 7-bit ASCII are transformed into the -corresponding Unicode code point(s), in Normalization Form C, which +Usually, characters other than plain 7-bit ASCII are transformed into +the corresponding Unicode code point(s) in Normalization Form C, which uses precomposed characters where available. (This is the -normalization form recommended by the W3C and other bodies.) +normalization form recommended by the W3C and other bodies.) This +holds when that code point is 0xffff or less, as it almost always is. These will then be further transformed by the rules above into the string `_XXXX', where XXXX is the code point in hex. @@ -13037,12 +13793,31 @@ to three `_002e''s; 2) `@u{B}' is a `B' with a breve accent, which does not exist as a pre-accented Unicode character, therefore expands to `B_0306' (B with combining breve). + When the Unicode code point is above 0xffff, the transformation is +`__XXXXXX', that is, two leading underscores followed by six hex +digits. Since Unicode has declared that their highest code point is +0x10ffff, this is sufficient. (We felt it was better to define this +extra escape than to always use six hex digits, since the first two +would nearly always be zeros.) + + This method works fine if the node name consists mostly of ASCII +characters and contains only few 8-bit ones. If the document is written +in a language whose script is not based on the Latin alphabet (such as, +e.g. Ukrainian), it will create file names consisting entirely of +`_XXXX' notations, which is inconvenient. + + To handle such cases, `makeinfo' offers `--transliterate-file-names' +command line option. This option enables "transliteration" of node +names into ASCII characters for the purposes of file name creation and +referencing. The transliteration is based on phonetic principle, which +makes the produced file names easily readable. + For the definition of Unicode Normalization Form C, see Unicode report UAX#15, `http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/'. Many related documents and implementations are available elsewhere on the web. -File: texinfo.info, Node: HTML Xref Mismatch, Prev: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion, Up: HTML Xref +File: texinfo, Node: HTML Xref Mismatch, Prev: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion, Up: HTML Xref 22.4.5 HTML Cross-reference Mismatch ------------------------------------ @@ -13087,7 +13862,7 @@ generating the actual cross-reference in the present manual can control. control which manuals are available from where, and how. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Command List, Next: Tips, Prev: Generating HTML, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Command List, Next: Tips, Prev: Generating HTML, Up: Top Appendix A @-Command List ************************* @@ -13137,11 +13912,9 @@ given in the section below. Produces no output, but allows a line break. *Note Line Breaks::. `@:' - Indicate to TeX that an immediately preceding period, question - mark, exclamation mark, or colon does not end a sentence. Prevent - TeX from inserting extra whitespace as it does at the end of a - sentence. The command has no effect on the Info file output. - *Note Not Ending a Sentence::. + Tell TeX to refrain from inserting extra whitespace after an + immediately preceding period, question mark, exclamation mark, or + colon, as TeX normally would. *Note Not Ending a Sentence::. `@=' Generate a macron (bar) accent over the next character, as in o=. @@ -13181,9 +13954,13 @@ given in the section below. Generate the uppercase and lowercase Scandinavian A-ring letters, respectively: AA, aa. *Note Inserting Accents::. -`@acronym{ABBREV}' - Tag ABBREV as an acronym, that is, an abbreviation written in all - capital letters, such as `NASA'. *Note `acronym': acronym. +`@abbr{ABBREVIATION}' + Tag ABBREVIATION as an abbreviation, such as `Comput.'. *Note + `abbr': abbr. + +`@acronym{ACRONYM}' + Tag ACRONYM as an acronym, such as `NASA'. *Note `acronym': + acronym. `@AE{}' `@ae{}' @@ -13232,10 +14009,14 @@ given in the section below. Info, the title is underlined with periods. *Note The `subsub' Commands: subsubsection. +`@arrow{}' + Produce a normal right arrow glyph: `->'. Used by default for + `@click'. *Note Click Sequences::. + `@asis' Used following `@table', `@ftable', and `@vtable' to print the - table's first column without highlighting ("as is"). *Note Making - a Two-column Table: Two-column Tables. + table's first column without highlighting ("as is"). *Note + Two-column Tables::. `@author AUTHOR' Typeset AUTHOR flushleft and underline it. *Note The `@title' and @@ -13293,6 +14074,18 @@ given in the section below. Highlight the name of a book or other reference that lacks a companion Info file. *Note `@cite': cite. +`@click{}' + Represent a single "click" in a GUI. Used within + `@clicksequence'. *Note Click Sequences::. + +`@clicksequence{ACTION @click{} ACTION}' + Represent a sequence of clicks in a GUI. *Note Click Sequences::. + +`@clickstyle @CMD' + Execute @CMD for each `@click'; the default is `@arrow'. The + usual following empty braces on @CMD are omitted. *Note Click + Sequences::. + `@clear FLAG' Unset FLAG, preventing the Texinfo formatting commands from formatting text between subsequent pairs of `@ifset FLAG' and @@ -13335,7 +14128,7 @@ given in the section below. Format a description for a variable associated with a class in object-oriented programming. Takes three arguments: the category of thing being defined, the class to which it belongs, and its - name. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: + name. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@deffn CATEGORY NAME ARGUMENTS...' @@ -13359,13 +14152,13 @@ given in the section below. `@defivarx CLASS INSTANCE-VARIABLE-NAME' This command formats a description for an instance variable in object-oriented programming. The command is equivalent to `@defcv - {Instance Variable} ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note + {Instance Variable} ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defmac MACRONAME ARGUMENTS...' `@defmacx MACRONAME ARGUMENTS...' Format a description for a macro. The command is equivalent to - `@deffn Macro ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def + `@deffn Macro ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defmethod CLASS METHOD-NAME ARGUMENTS...' @@ -13374,7 +14167,7 @@ given in the section below. The command is equivalent to `@defop Method ...'. Takes as arguments the name of the class of the method, the name of the method, and its arguments, if any. *Note Definition Commands::, - and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defop CATEGORY CLASS NAME ARGUMENTS...' `@defopx CATEGORY CLASS NAME ARGUMENTS...' @@ -13382,31 +14175,31 @@ given in the section below. programming. `@defop' takes as arguments the overall name of the category of operation, the name of the class of the operation, the name of the operation, and its arguments, if any. *Note - Definition Commands::, and *Note Abstract Objects::. + Definition Commands::, and *note Abstract Objects::. `@defopt OPTION-NAME' `@defoptx OPTION-NAME' Format a description for a user option. The command is equivalent to `@defvr {User Option} ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and - *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defspec SPECIAL-FORM-NAME ARGUMENTS...' `@defspecx SPECIAL-FORM-NAME ARGUMENTS...' Format a description for a special form. The command is equivalent to `@deffn {Special Form} ...'. *Note Definition - Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@deftp CATEGORY NAME-OF-TYPE ATTRIBUTES...' `@deftpx CATEGORY NAME-OF-TYPE ATTRIBUTES...' Format a description for a data type. `@deftp' takes as arguments the category, the name of the type (which is a word like `int' or `float'), and then the names of attributes of objects of that type. - *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Data Types::. + *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Data Types::. `@deftypecv CATEGORY CLASS DATA-TYPE NAME' `@deftypecvx CATEGORY CLASS DATA-TYPE NAME' Format a description for a typed class variable in object-oriented - programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Abstract + programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Abstract Objects::. `@deftypefn CLASSIFICATION DATA-TYPE NAME ARGUMENTS...' @@ -13415,63 +14208,63 @@ given in the section below. arguments and that is typed. `@deftypefn' takes as arguments the classification of entity being described, the type, the name of the entity, and its arguments, if any. *Note Definition Commands::, - and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@deftypefun DATA-TYPE FUNCTION-NAME ARGUMENTS...' `@deftypefunx DATA-TYPE FUNCTION-NAME ARGUMENTS...' Format a description for a function in a typed language. The command is equivalent to `@deftypefn Function ...'. *Note - Definition Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@deftypeivar CLASS DATA-TYPE VARIABLE-NAME' `@deftypeivarx CLASS DATA-TYPE VARIABLE-NAME' Format a description for a typed instance variable in object-oriented programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and - *Note Abstract Objects::. + *note Abstract Objects::. `@deftypemethod CLASS DATA-TYPE METHOD-NAME ARGUMENTS...' `@deftypemethodx CLASS DATA-TYPE METHOD-NAME ARGUMENTS...' Format a description for a typed method in object-oriented - programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in + programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@deftypeop CATEGORY CLASS DATA-TYPE NAME ARGUMENTS...' `@deftypeopx CATEGORY CLASS DATA-TYPE NAME ARGUMENTS...' Format a description for a typed operation in object-oriented - programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Abstract + programming. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Abstract Objects::. `@deftypevar DATA-TYPE VARIABLE-NAME' `@deftypevarx DATA-TYPE VARIABLE-NAME' Format a description for a variable in a typed language. The command is equivalent to `@deftypevr Variable ...'. *Note - Definition Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@deftypevr CLASSIFICATION DATA-TYPE NAME' `@deftypevrx CLASSIFICATION DATA-TYPE NAME' Format a description for something like a variable in a typed language--an entity that records a value. Takes as arguments the classification of entity being described, the type, and the name - of the entity. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in + of the entity. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defun FUNCTION-NAME ARGUMENTS...' `@defunx FUNCTION-NAME ARGUMENTS...' Format a description for functions. The command is equivalent to - `@deffn Function ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def + `@deffn Function ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defvar VARIABLE-NAME' `@defvarx VARIABLE-NAME' Format a description for variables. The command is equivalent to - `@defvr Variable ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def + `@defvr Variable ...'. *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@defvr CATEGORY NAME' `@defvrx CATEGORY NAME' Format a description for any kind of variable. `@defvr' takes as arguments the category of the entity and the name of the entity. - *Note Definition Commands::, and *Note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. + *Note Definition Commands::, and *note Def Cmds in Detail: deffnx. `@detailmenu' Avoid `makeinfo' confusion stemming from the detailed node listing @@ -13539,7 +14332,7 @@ given in the section below. `@env': env. `@enddots{}' - Generate an end-of-sentence of ellipsis, like this .... *Note + Generate an end-of-sentence of ellipsis, like this ... *Note `@dots{}': dots. `@enumerate [NUMBER-OR-LETTER]' @@ -13551,6 +14344,9 @@ given in the section below. Indicate to the reader the exact equivalence of two forms with a glyph: `=='. *Note Equivalence::. +`@euro{}' + Generate the Euro currency sign. *Note `@euro{}': euro. + `@error{}' Indicate to the reader with a glyph that the following text is an error message: `error-->'. *Note Error Glyph::. @@ -13630,6 +14426,9 @@ given in the section below. `@table', except for indexing. *Note `@ftable' and `@vtable': ftable vtable. +`@geq{}' + Generate a greater-than-or-equal sign, `>='. *Note geq leq::. + `@group' Hold text together that must appear on one printed page. Pair with `@end group'. Not relevant to Info. *Note `@group': group. @@ -13680,7 +14479,7 @@ given in the section below. `@ifnotxml' Begin a stretch of text that will be ignored in one output format but not the others. The text appears in the formats not specified: - `@ifnothtml' text is omitted from html output, etc. The exception + `@ifnothtml' text is omitted from HTML output, etc. The exception is `@ifnotinfo' text, which is omitted from plain text output as well as Info output. Pair with the corresponding `@end ifnotFORMAT'. *Note Conditionals::. @@ -13770,6 +14569,9 @@ given in the section below. `@LaTeX{}' Insert the logo LaTeX. *Note TeX and LaTeX: tex. +`@leq{}' + Generate a less-than-or-equal sign, `<='. *Note geq leq::. + `@lisp' Begin an example of Lisp code. Indent text, do not fill, and select fixed-width font. Pair with `@end lisp'. *Note `@lisp': @@ -13930,6 +14732,10 @@ given in the section below. characters. Used for single characters, for statements, and often for entire shell commands. *Note `@samp': samp. +`@sansserif{TEXT}' + Print TEXT in a sans serif font if possible. No effect in Info. + *Note Fonts::. + `@sc{TEXT}' Set TEXT in a printed output in THE SMALL CAPS FONT and set text in the Info file in uppercase letters. *Note Smallcaps::. @@ -13983,10 +14789,14 @@ given in the section below. `@shorttitlepage TITLE' Generate a minimal title page. *Note `@titlepage': titlepage. +`@slanted{TEXT}' + Print TEXT in a slanted font if possible. No effect in Info. + *Note Fonts::. + `@smallbook' Cause TeX to produce a printed manual in a 7 by 9.25 inch format rather than the regular 8.5 by 11 inch format. *Note Printing - Small Books: smallbook. Also, see *Note small::. + Small Books: smallbook. Also, see *note small::. `@smalldisplay' Begin a kind of example. Like `@smallexample' (narrow margins, no @@ -14077,8 +14887,8 @@ given in the section below. each first column entry on the same line as `@item'. First column entries are printed in the font resulting from FORMATTING-COMMAND. Pair with `@end table'. *Note Making a Two-column Table: - Two-column Tables. Also see *Note `@ftable' and `@vtable': ftable - vtable, and *Note `@itemx': itemx. + Two-column Tables. Also see *note `@ftable' and `@vtable': ftable + vtable, and *note `@itemx': itemx. `@TeX{}' Insert the logo TeX. *Note TeX and LaTeX: tex. @@ -14089,14 +14899,16 @@ given in the section below. `@thischapter' `@thischaptername' +`@thischapternum' `@thisfile' `@thispage' `@thistitle' - Only allowed in a heading or footing. Stands for the number and - name of the current chapter (in the format `Chapter 1: Title'), - the chapter name only, the filename, the current page number, and - the title of the document, respectively. *Note How to Make Your - Own Headings: Custom Headings. + Only allowed in a heading or footing. Stands for, respectively, + the number and name of the current chapter (in the format `Chapter + 1: Title'), the current chapter name only, the current chapter + number only, the filename, the current page number, and the title + of the document, respectively. *Note How to Make Your Own + Headings: Custom Headings. `@tie{}' Generate a normal interword space at which a line break is not @@ -14216,8 +15028,8 @@ given in the section below. In a printed manual, insert whitespace so as to push text on the remainder of the page towards the bottom of the page. Used in formatting the copyright page with the argument `0pt plus 1filll'. - (Note spelling of `filll'.) `@vskip' may be used only in - contexts ignored for Info. *Note Copyright::. + (Note spelling of `filll'.) `@vskip' may be used only in contexts + ignored for Info. *Note Copyright::. `@vtable FORMATTING-COMMAND' Begin a two-column table, using `@item' for each entry. @@ -14239,7 +15051,7 @@ given in the section below. mandatory. *Note `@xref': xref. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Command Syntax, Up: Command List +File: texinfo, Node: Command Syntax, Up: Command List A.1 @-Command Syntax ==================== @@ -14251,11 +15063,9 @@ the same meaning that `\' has in plain TeX.) Texinfo has four types of 1. Non-alphabetic commands. These commands consist of an @ followed by a punctuation mark or other character that is not part of the alphabet. Non-alphabetic - commands are almost always part of the text within a paragraph, - and never take any argument. The two characters (@ and the other - one) are complete in themselves; none is followed by braces. The - non-alphabetic commands are: `@.', `@:', `@*', `@SPACE', `@TAB', - `@NL', `@@', `@{', and `@}'. + commands are almost always part of the text within a paragraph. + The non-alphabetic commands include `@@', `@{', `@}', `@.', + `@SPACE', most of the accent commands, and many more. 2. Alphabetic commands that do not require arguments. These commands start with @ followed by a word followed by left- @@ -14298,7 +15108,7 @@ because it cannot appear at the beginning of a line. It is also no longer needed, since all formatters now refill paragraphs automatically. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Tips, Next: Sample Texinfo Files, Prev: Command List, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Tips, Next: Sample Texinfo Files, Prev: Command List, Up: Top Appendix B Tips and Hints ************************* @@ -14332,8 +15142,8 @@ split across pages. different place in the document. * Write index entries only where a topic is discussed significantly. - For example, it is not useful to index "debugging information" in - a chapter on reporting bugs. Someone who wants to know about + For example, it is not useful to index "debugging information" in a + chapter on reporting bugs. Someone who wants to know about debugging information will certainly not find it in that chapter. * Consistently capitalize the first word of every concept index @@ -14422,7 +15232,7 @@ section (for people reading the printed output) and the Top node (for people reading the online output). It is easiest to do this using `@set' and `@value'. *Note `@value' -Example: value Example, and *Note GNU Sample Texts::. +Example: value Example, and *note GNU Sample Texts::. Definition Commands ................... @@ -14607,7 +15417,7 @@ And Finally ... it is as if the text were within `@ignore' ... `@end ignore'. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Sample Texinfo Files, Next: Include Files, Prev: Tips, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Sample Texinfo Files, Next: Include Files, Prev: Tips, Up: Top Appendix C Sample Texinfo Files ******************************* @@ -14624,7 +15434,7 @@ the full texts to be used in GNU manuals. * All-permissive Copying License:: -File: texinfo.info, Node: Short Sample Texinfo File, Next: GNU Sample Texts, Up: Sample Texinfo Files +File: texinfo, Node: Short Sample Texinfo File, Next: GNU Sample Texts, Up: Sample Texinfo Files C.1 Short Sample ================ @@ -14647,7 +15457,7 @@ printed manual. @copying This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file. - Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end copying @titlepage @@ -14701,7 +15511,7 @@ printed manual. @bye -File: texinfo.info, Node: GNU Sample Texts, Next: Verbatim Copying License, Prev: Short Sample Texinfo File, Up: Sample Texinfo Files +File: texinfo, Node: GNU Sample Texts, Next: Verbatim Copying License, Prev: Short Sample Texinfo File, Up: Sample Texinfo Files C.2 GNU Sample Texts ==================== @@ -14722,9 +15532,9 @@ Beginning a File::, for a full explanation of that minimal example. Here are some notes on the example: * The `$Id:' comment is for the CVS (*note Overview: (cvs)Top.) or - RCS (see rcsintro(1)) version control systems, which expand it - into a string such as: - $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.52 2004/04/09 21:30:07 karl Exp $ + RCS (`http://www.gnu.org/software/rcs') version control systems, + which expand it into a string such as: + $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.220 2008/04/09 17:07:31 karl Exp $ (This is useful in all sources that use version control, not just manuals.) You may wish to include the `$Id:' comment in the `@copying' text, if you want a completely unambiguous reference to @@ -14762,9 +15572,15 @@ Beginning a File::, for a full explanation of that minimal example. in that case the sample texts given here have to be modified. *Note GNU Free Documentation License::. - * If your manual has invariant sections (again, see the license - itself for details), then don't forget to change the text here - accordingly. + * If the FSF is not the copyright holder, then use the appropriate + name. + + * If your manual is not published on paper by the FSF, then omit the + last sentence in the Back-Cover Text that talks about copies from + GNU Press. + + * If your manual has Invariant Sections (again, see the license + itself for details), then change the text here accordingly. * For documents that express your personal views, feelings or experiences, it is more appropriate to use a license permitting @@ -14774,9 +15590,8 @@ Beginning a File::, for a full explanation of that minimal example. Here is the sample document: - \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -@comment $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.52 2004/04/09 21:30:07 karl Exp $ +@comment $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.220 2008/04/09 17:07:31 karl Exp $ @comment %**start of header @setfilename sample.info @include version.texi @@ -14784,24 +15599,23 @@ Beginning a File::, for a full explanation of that minimal example. @syncodeindex pg cp @comment %**end of header @copying -This manual is for GNU Sample -(version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}), +This manual is for GNU Sample (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}), which is an example in the Texinfo documentation. -Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify -this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free -Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to +copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF +supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' @end quotation @end copying @@ -14825,7 +15639,7 @@ Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' @node Top @top GNU Sample -@insertcopying +This manual is for GNU Sample (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}). @end ifnottex @menu @@ -14846,12 +15660,8 @@ invoke, but if there was, you could see its basic usage and command line options here. -@node Copying This Manual -@appendix Copying This Manual - -@menu -* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. -@end menu +@node GNU Free Documentation License +@appendix GNU Free Documentation License @include fdl.texi @@ -14864,7 +15674,7 @@ and command line options here. @bye -File: texinfo.info, Node: Verbatim Copying License, Next: All-permissive Copying License, Prev: GNU Sample Texts, Up: Sample Texinfo Files +File: texinfo, Node: Verbatim Copying License, Next: All-permissive Copying License, Prev: GNU Sample Texts, Up: Sample Texinfo Files C.3 Verbatim Copying License ============================ @@ -14881,11 +15691,10 @@ permitting only verbatim copying. only. This is just the license text itself. For a complete sample document, see the previous sections. - @copying This document is a sample for allowing verbatim copying only. -Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies @@ -14895,7 +15704,7 @@ copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved. @end copying -File: texinfo.info, Node: All-permissive Copying License, Prev: Verbatim Copying License, Up: Sample Texinfo Files +File: texinfo, Node: All-permissive Copying License, Prev: Verbatim Copying License, Up: Sample Texinfo Files C.4 All-permissive Copying License ================================== @@ -14913,14 +15722,14 @@ all-permissive license. the license text itself. For a complete sample document, see the previous sections. - Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this notice are preserved. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Include Files, Next: Headings, Prev: Sample Texinfo Files, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Include Files, Next: Headings, Prev: Sample Texinfo Files, Up: Top Appendix D Include Files ************************ @@ -14946,7 +15755,7 @@ conveniently small parts. has changed over time. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Using Include Files, Next: texinfo-multiple-files-update, Up: Include Files +File: texinfo, Node: Using Include Files, Next: texinfo-multiple-files-update, Up: Include Files D.1 How to Use Include Files ============================ @@ -14997,7 +15806,7 @@ Small includable files like this are created by Automake (*note GNU Sample Texts::). -File: texinfo.info, Node: texinfo-multiple-files-update, Next: Include Files Requirements, Prev: Using Include Files, Up: Include Files +File: texinfo, Node: texinfo-multiple-files-update, Next: Include Files Requirements, Prev: Using Include Files, Up: Include Files D.2 `texinfo-multiple-files-update' =================================== @@ -15057,7 +15866,7 @@ command inserts a master menu; with a numeric prefix argument, such as files and then inserts a master menu. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Include Files Requirements, Next: Sample Include File, Prev: texinfo-multiple-files-update, Up: Include Files +File: texinfo, Node: Include Files Requirements, Next: Sample Include File, Prev: texinfo-multiple-files-update, Up: Include Files D.3 Include Files Requirements ============================== @@ -15083,7 +15892,7 @@ should _not_ contain any nodes besides the single `Top' node. The `texinfo-multiple-files-update' command will not process them. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Sample Include File, Next: Include Files Evolution, Prev: Include Files Requirements, Up: Include Files +File: texinfo, Node: Sample Include File, Next: Include Files Evolution, Prev: Include Files Requirements, Up: Include Files D.4 Sample File with `@include' =============================== @@ -15129,7 +15938,7 @@ Manual' is named `elisp.texi'. This outer file contains a master menu with 417 entries and a list of 41 `@include' files. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Include Files Evolution, Prev: Sample Include File, Up: Include Files +File: texinfo, Node: Include Files Evolution, Prev: Sample Include File, Up: Include Files D.5 Evolution of Include Files ============================== @@ -15144,7 +15953,7 @@ way, Emacs could avoid wasting memory. References from one file to another were made by referring to the file name as well as the node name. (*Note Referring to Other Info Files: -Other Info Files. Also, see *Note `@xref' with Four and Five +Other Info Files. Also, see *note `@xref' with Four and Five Arguments: Four and Five Arguments.) Include files were designed primarily as a way to create a single, @@ -15170,7 +15979,7 @@ write menus and cross references without naming the different Texinfo files. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Headings, Next: Catching Mistakes, Prev: Include Files, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Headings, Next: Catching Mistakes, Prev: Include Files, Up: Top Appendix E Page Headings ************************ @@ -15188,7 +15997,7 @@ paginated.) * Custom Headings:: How to create your own headings and footings. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Headings Introduced, Next: Heading Format, Up: Headings +File: texinfo, Node: Headings Introduced, Next: Heading Format, Up: Headings E.1 Headings Introduced ======================= @@ -15226,7 +16035,7 @@ flushleft; text for the middle part is centered; and, text for the right part is set flushright. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Heading Format, Next: Heading Choice, Prev: Headings Introduced, Up: Headings +File: texinfo, Node: Heading Format, Next: Heading Choice, Prev: Headings Introduced, Up: Headings E.2 Standard Heading Formats ============================ @@ -15283,7 +16092,7 @@ and a colon. This makes it easier to keep track of where you are in the manual. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Heading Choice, Next: Custom Headings, Prev: Heading Format, Up: Headings +File: texinfo, Node: Heading Choice, Next: Custom Headings, Prev: Heading Format, Up: Headings E.3 Specifying the Type of Heading ================================== @@ -15310,7 +16119,7 @@ No `@setchapternewpage' command of the preceding chapter, after skipping some vertical whitespace. Also cause TeX to typeset for single-sided printing. (You can override the headers format with the `@headings double' command; - see *Note The `@headings' Command: headings on off.) + see *note The `@headings' Command: headings on off.) `@setchapternewpage odd' Specify the double-sided heading format, with chapters on new @@ -15319,7 +16128,7 @@ No `@setchapternewpage' command Texinfo lacks an `@setchapternewpage even' command. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Custom Headings, Prev: Heading Choice, Up: Headings +File: texinfo, Node: Custom Headings, Prev: Heading Choice, Up: Headings E.4 How to Make Your Own Headings ================================= @@ -15388,9 +16197,23 @@ and `@end iftex' commands. `@thispage' Expands to the current page number. +`@thissectionname' + Expands to the name of the current section. + +`@thissectionnum' + Expands to the number of the current section. + +`@thissection' + Expands to the number and name of the current section, in the + format `Section 1: Title'. + `@thischaptername' Expands to the name of the current chapter. +`@thischapternum' + Expands to the number of the current chapter, or letter of the + current appendix. + `@thischapter' Expands to the number and name of the current chapter, in the format `Chapter 1: Title'. @@ -15421,8 +16244,36 @@ particularly when you are writing drafts: Beware of overlong titles: they may overlap another part of the header or footer and blot it out. + If you have very short chapters and/or sections, several of them can +appear on a single page. You can specify which chapters and sections +you want `@thischapter', `@thissection' and other such macros to refer +to on such pages as follows: + +`@everyheadingmarks REF' +`@everyfootingmarks REF' + The REF argument can be either `top' (the `@this...' commands will + refer to the chapter/section at the top of a page) or `bottom' + (the commands will reflect the situation at the bottom of a page). + These `@every...' commands specify what to do on both even- and + odd-numbered pages. + +`@evenheadingmarks REF' +`@oddheadingmarks REF' +`@evenfootingmarks REF' +`@oddfootingmarks REF' + These `@even...' and `@odd...' commands specify what to do on only + even- or odd-numbered pages, respectively. The REF argument is + the same as with the `@every...' commands. + + Write these commands immediately after the `@...contents' commands, +or after the `@end titlepage' command if you don't have a table of +contents or if it is printed at the end of your manual. + + By default the `@this...' commands reflect the situation at the +bottom of a page both in headings and in footings. + -File: texinfo.info, Node: Catching Mistakes, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Headings, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Catching Mistakes, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Headings, Up: Top Appendix F Formatting Mistakes ****************************** @@ -15453,7 +16304,7 @@ command and you can use the `M-x Info-validate' command. * Running Info-Validate:: How to find badly referenced nodes. -File: texinfo.info, Node: makeinfo Preferred, Next: Debugging with Info, Up: Catching Mistakes +File: texinfo, Node: makeinfo Preferred, Next: Debugging with Info, Up: Catching Mistakes F.1 `makeinfo' Find Errors ========================== @@ -15473,7 +16324,7 @@ problem is very puzzling, then you may want to use the tools described in this appendix. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Debugging with Info, Next: Debugging with TeX, Prev: makeinfo Preferred, Up: Catching Mistakes +File: texinfo, Node: Debugging with Info, Next: Debugging with TeX, Prev: makeinfo Preferred, Up: Catching Mistakes F.2 Catching Errors with Info Formatting ======================================== @@ -15555,7 +16406,7 @@ Mistakes' node. (If you try this, you can return from the `Catching Mistakes' node by typing `l' (`Info-last').) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Debugging with TeX, Next: Using texinfo-show-structure, Prev: Debugging with Info, Up: Catching Mistakes +File: texinfo, Node: Debugging with TeX, Next: Using texinfo-show-structure, Prev: Debugging with Info, Up: Catching Mistakes F.3 Catching Errors with TeX Formatting ======================================= @@ -15661,7 +16512,7 @@ in this circumstance, you are working directly with TeX, not with Texinfo.) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Using texinfo-show-structure, Next: Using occur, Prev: Debugging with TeX, Up: Catching Mistakes +File: texinfo, Node: Using texinfo-show-structure, Next: Using occur, Prev: Debugging with TeX, Up: Catching Mistakes F.4 Using `texinfo-show-structure' ================================== @@ -15725,7 +16576,7 @@ at the list in the `*Occur*' window; and if you have mis-named a node or left out a section, you can correct the mistake. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Using occur, Next: Running Info-Validate, Prev: Using texinfo-show-structure, Up: Catching Mistakes +File: texinfo, Node: Using occur, Next: Running Info-Validate, Prev: Using texinfo-show-structure, Up: Catching Mistakes F.5 Using `occur' ================= @@ -15761,7 +16612,7 @@ section and therefore have the same `Up' pointer. information. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Running Info-Validate, Prev: Using occur, Up: Catching Mistakes +File: texinfo, Node: Running Info-Validate, Prev: Using occur, Up: Catching Mistakes F.6 Finding Badly Referenced Nodes ================================== @@ -15787,7 +16638,7 @@ Info file from scratch. * Splitting:: How to split a file manually. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Using Info-validate, Next: Unsplit, Up: Running Info-Validate +File: texinfo, Node: Using Info-validate, Next: Unsplit, Up: Running Info-Validate F.6.1 Running `Info-validate' ----------------------------- @@ -15834,7 +16685,7 @@ that it does not split the Info file; and you must create a tag table for the unsplit file. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Unsplit, Next: Tagifying, Prev: Using Info-validate, Up: Running Info-Validate +File: texinfo, Node: Unsplit, Next: Tagifying, Prev: Using Info-validate, Up: Running Info-Validate F.6.2 Creating an Unsplit File ------------------------------ @@ -15862,7 +16713,7 @@ When you do this, Texinfo will not split the file and will not create a tag table for it. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Tagifying, Next: Splitting, Prev: Unsplit, Up: Running Info-Validate +File: texinfo, Node: Tagifying, Next: Splitting, Prev: Unsplit, Up: Running Info-Validate F.6.3 Tagifying a File ---------------------- @@ -15891,7 +16742,7 @@ table and split the file automatically, or you can make the tag table and split the file manually. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Splitting, Prev: Tagifying, Up: Running Info-Validate +File: texinfo, Node: Splitting, Prev: Tagifying, Up: Running Info-Validate F.6.4 Splitting a File Manually ------------------------------- @@ -15932,25 +16783,15 @@ generated by appending `-' and a number to the original file name. the tag table and a directory of subfiles. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Command and Variable Index, Prev: Catching Mistakes, Up: Top - -Appendix G Copying This Manual -****************************** - -* Menu: - -* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. - - -File: texinfo.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual +File: texinfo, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Command and Variable Index, Prev: Catching Mistakes, Up: Top -G.1 GNU Free Documentation License -================================== +Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License +***************************************** Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. @@ -16342,8 +17183,8 @@ G.1 GNU Free Documentation License you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. -G.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ----------------------------------------------------------- +ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents +==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license @@ -16374,7 +17215,7 @@ free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. -File: texinfo.info, Node: Command and Variable Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: Command and Variable Index, Next: General Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top Command and Variable Index ************************** @@ -16387,11 +17228,12 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * Menu: * ! (end of sentence): Ending a Sentence. (line 6) -* " (umlaut accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* ' (umlaut accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* " (umlaut accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* ' (umlaut accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) * * (force line break): Line Breaks. (line 6) -* , (cedilla accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* , (cedilla accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) * - (discretionary hyphen): - and hyphenation. (line 6) +* - (in image alt string): Image Syntax. (line 39) * . (end of sentence): Ending a Sentence. (line 6) * / (allow line break): Line Breaks. (line 6) * <colon> (suppress end-of-sentence space): Not Ending a Sentence. @@ -16399,43 +17241,46 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * <newline>: Multiple Spaces. (line 6) * <space>: Multiple Spaces. (line 6) * <tab>: Multiple Spaces. (line 6) -* = (macron accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* = (macron accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) * ? (end of sentence): Ending a Sentence. (line 6) * @ (literal @): Inserting an Atsign. (line 6) -* \ (literal \ in @math): math. (line 28) +* \ (literal \ in @math): math. (line 42) * \emergencystretch: Overfull hboxes. (line 31) * \gdef within @tex: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 29) * \input (raw TeX startup): Minimum. (line 24) * \mag (raw TeX magnification): Cropmarks and Magnification. (line 24) -* ^ (circumflex accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* ` (grave accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* AA: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* aa: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* ^ (circumflex accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* ` (grave accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* AA: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* aa: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* abbr: abbr. (line 6) * acronym: acronym. (line 6) -* AE: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* ae: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* AE: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* ae: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * afourlatex: A4 Paper. (line 23) * afourpaper: A4 Paper. (line 6) * afourwide: A4 Paper. (line 23) * alias: alias. (line 6) +* allowcodebreaks: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) * anchor: anchor. (line 6) * appendix: unnumbered & appendix. (line 6) * appendixsec: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading. (line 6) * appendixsection: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading. - (line 18) + (line 19) * appendixsubsec: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading. (line 6) * appendixsubsubsec: subsubsection. (line 6) * apply: Sample Function Definition. (line 14) +* arrow: Click Sequences. (line 17) * asis: table. (line 20) * author: title subtitle author. (line 6) -* b (bold font): Fonts. (line 6) +* b (bold font): Fonts. (line 30) * bullet: bullet. (line 6) * bye <1>: File End. (line 6) * bye: Ending a File. (line 6) @@ -16449,6 +17294,10 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. (line 6) * chapter: chapter. (line 6) * cite: cite. (line 6) +* clear: set value. (line 6) +* click: Click Sequences. (line 17) +* clicksequence: Click Sequences. (line 6) +* clickstyle: Click Sequences. (line 21) * code: code. (line 6) * columnfractions: Multitable Column Widths. (line 11) @@ -16457,8 +17306,8 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * comment: Comments. (line 6) * contents: Contents. (line 6) * copying: copying. (line 6) -* copyright <1>: copying. (line 37) -* copyright: copyright symbol. (line 6) +* copyright <1>: copyright symbol. (line 6) +* copyright: copying. (line 37) * cropmarks: Cropmarks and Magnification. (line 6) * defcodeindex: New Indices. (line 6) @@ -16472,7 +17321,7 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. (line 47) * defmac: Functions Commands. (line 58) * defmethod: Object-Oriented Methods. - (line 80) + (line 59) * defop: Object-Oriented Methods. (line 11) * defopt: Variables Commands. (line 56) @@ -16491,6 +17340,9 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * defun: Functions Commands. (line 48) * defvar: Variables Commands. (line 38) * defvr: Variables Commands. (line 8) +* detailmenu <1>: makeinfo Pointer Creation. + (line 24) +* detailmenu: Master Menu Parts. (line 18) * dfn: dfn. (line 6) * dircategory: Installing Dir Entries. (line 11) @@ -16501,29 +17353,37 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * docbook: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 53) * documentdescription: documentdescription. (line 6) -* documentencoding: documentencoding. (line 6) +* documentencoding <1>: documentencoding. (line 6) +* documentencoding <2>: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 24) +* documentencoding: Inserting Accents. (line 13) * documentlanguage: documentlanguage. (line 6) -* dotaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* dotless: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* dotaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* dotless: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * dots: dots. (line 6) * email: email. (line 6) * emph: emph & strong. (line 6) * end <1>: Introducing Lists. (line 20) * end: Quotations and Examples. - (line 15) + (line 10) * end titlepage: end titlepage. (line 6) * enddots: dots. (line 6) * enumerate: enumerate. (line 6) * env: env. (line 6) * equiv: Equivalence. (line 6) * error: Error Glyph. (line 6) -* evenfooting: Custom Headings. (line 51) -* evenheading: Custom Headings. (line 51) -* everyfooting: Custom Headings. (line 44) -* everyheading: Custom Headings. (line 44) +* euro: euro. (line 6) +* evenfooting: Custom Headings. (line 55) +* evenfootingmarks: Custom Headings. (line 134) +* evenheading: Custom Headings. (line 55) +* evenheadingmarks: Custom Headings. (line 134) +* everyfooting: Custom Headings. (line 46) +* everyfootingmarks: Custom Headings. (line 124) +* everyheading: Custom Headings. (line 46) +* everyheadingmarks: Custom Headings. (line 124) * example: example. (line 6) * exampleindent: exampleindent. (line 6) -* exclamdown: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* exclamdown: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * exdent: exdent. (line 6) * expansion: expansion. (line 6) * file: file. (line 6) @@ -16538,14 +17398,29 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. (line 6) * fn-name: Def Cmd Continuation Lines. (line 19) +* fonttextsize: Fonts. (line 6) * foobar: Optional Arguments. (line 23) * footnote: Footnotes. (line 6) * footnotestyle: Footnote Styles. (line 44) * format: format. (line 6) * forward-word: Def Cmd Template. (line 35) +* frenchspacing: frenchspacing. (line 6) * ftable: ftable vtable. (line 6) +* geq: geq leq. (line 6) * group: group. (line 6) -* H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* guillemetleft: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* guillemetright: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* guillemotleft: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* guillemotright: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* guilsinglleft: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* guilsinglright: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) * hbox: Overfull hboxes. (line 14) * heading: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading. (line 6) @@ -16555,7 +17430,7 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * html: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 45) * hyphenation: - and hyphenation. (line 6) -* i (italic font): Fonts. (line 6) +* i (italic font): Fonts. (line 33) * ifclear: ifset ifclear. (line 47) * ifdocbook <1>: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 53) @@ -16607,9 +17482,10 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * kbd: kbd. (line 6) * kbdinputstyle: kbd. (line 26) * key: key. (line 6) -* l: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* L: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* L: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* l: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * LaTeX: tex. (line 6) +* leq: geq leq. (line 6) * lisp: lisp. (line 6) * listoffloats: listoffloats. (line 6) * lowersections: Raise/lower sections. @@ -16630,19 +17506,21 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * node: node. (line 6) * noindent: noindent. (line 6) * novalidate: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 84) -* o: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* O: Inserting Accents. (line 37) + (line 83) +* O: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* o: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * occur: Using occur. (line 6) * occur-mode-goto-occurrence: Showing the Structure. (line 22) -* oddfooting: Custom Headings. (line 51) -* oddheading: Custom Headings. (line 51) -* oe: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* OE: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* oddfooting: Custom Headings. (line 55) +* oddfootingmarks: Custom Headings. (line 134) +* oddheading: Custom Headings. (line 55) +* oddheadingmarks: Custom Headings. (line 134) +* OE: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* oe: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * option: option. (line 6) -* ordf: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* ordm: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* ordf: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* ordm: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * page: page. (line 6) * page, within @titlepage: titlepage. (line 17) * pagesizes: pagesizes. (line 6) @@ -16654,19 +17532,33 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * printindex: Printing Indices & Menus. (line 23) * pxref: pxref. (line 6) -* questiondown: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* questiondown: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * quotation: quotation. (line 6) -* r (roman font): Fonts. (line 6) +* quotedblbase: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* quotedblleft: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* quotedblright: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* quoteleft: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* quoteright: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* quotesinglbase: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* r (roman font): Fonts. (line 36) * raisesections: Raise/lower sections. (line 6) * ref: ref. (line 6) * registeredsymbol: registered symbol. (line 6) * result: result. (line 6) -* ringaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* ringaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * rmacro: Defining Macros. (line 44) * samp: samp. (line 6) +* sansserif (sans serif font): Fonts. (line 40) * sc (small caps font): Smallcaps. (line 6) * section: section. (line 6) +* set: set value. (line 6) * setchapternewpage: setchapternewpage. (line 6) * setcontentsaftertitlepage: Contents. (line 51) * setfilename: setfilename. (line 6) @@ -16676,16 +17568,17 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. (line 6) * shortcontents: Contents. (line 6) * shorttitlepage: titlepage. (line 46) +* slanted (slanted font): Fonts. (line 43) * smallbook: smallbook. (line 6) -* smalldisplay <1>: small. (line 6) -* smalldisplay: display. (line 16) +* smalldisplay <1>: display. (line 17) +* smalldisplay: small. (line 6) * smallexample: small. (line 6) * smallformat <1>: format. (line 15) * smallformat: small. (line 6) * smalllisp: small. (line 6) * sp (line spacing): sp. (line 6) * sp (titlepage line spacing): titlefont center sp. (line 6) -* ss: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* ss: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * strong: emph & strong. (line 6) * subheading: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading. (line 6) @@ -16697,7 +17590,7 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * summarycontents: Contents. (line 6) * syncodeindex: syncodeindex. (line 6) * synindex: synindex. (line 6) -* t (typewriter font): Fonts. (line 6) +* t (typewriter font): Fonts. (line 46) * tab: Multitable Rows. (line 6) * table: Two-column Tables. (line 6) * tex: Raw Formatter Commands. @@ -16735,33 +17628,38 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. (line 34) * texinfo-sequential-node-update: Other Updating Commands. (line 54) -* texinfo-show-structure <1>: Showing the Structure. - (line 18) -* texinfo-show-structure: Using texinfo-show-structure. +* texinfo-show-structure <1>: Using texinfo-show-structure. (line 6) +* texinfo-show-structure: Showing the Structure. + (line 18) * texinfo-start-menu-description: Inserting. (line 94) * texinfo-tex-buffer: Printing. (line 21) * texinfo-tex-print: Printing. (line 42) * texinfo-tex-region: Printing. (line 27) * texinfo-update-node: Updating Commands. (line 83) -* thischapter: Custom Headings. (line 73) -* thischaptername: Custom Headings. (line 70) -* thisfile: Custom Headings. (line 81) -* thispage: Custom Headings. (line 67) -* thistitle: Custom Headings. (line 77) +* textdegree: textdegree. (line 6) +* thischapter: Custom Headings. (line 88) +* thischaptername: Custom Headings. (line 81) +* thischapternum: Custom Headings. (line 84) +* thisfile: Custom Headings. (line 96) +* thispage: Custom Headings. (line 68) +* thissection: Custom Headings. (line 77) +* thissectionname: Custom Headings. (line 71) +* thissectionnum: Custom Headings. (line 74) +* thistitle: Custom Headings. (line 92) * tie (unbreakable interword space): tie. (line 6) -* tieaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* tieaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * title: title subtitle author. (line 6) * titlefont: titlefont center sp. (line 6) * titlepage: titlepage. (line 6) -* today: Custom Headings. (line 90) -* top: The Top Node. (line 13) +* today: Custom Headings. (line 104) +* top: The Top Node. (line 12) * top (@-command): makeinfo top command. (line 6) -* u (breve accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* ubaraccent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* udotaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* u (breve accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* ubaraccent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* udotaccent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * unmacro: Defining Macros. (line 56) * unnumbered: unnumbered & appendix. (line 6) @@ -16772,7 +17670,7 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * unnumberedsubsubsec: subsubsection. (line 6) * up-list: Inserting. (line 72) * uref: uref. (line 6) -* v (check accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* v (check accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) * value: set value. (line 6) * var: var. (line 6) * verb: verb. (line 6) @@ -16786,132 +17684,184 @@ commands are listed without their preceding `@'. * xref: xref. (line 6) * { (literal {): Inserting Braces. (line 6) * } (literal }): Inserting Braces. (line 6) -* ~ (tilde accent): Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* ~ (tilde accent): Inserting Accents. (line 18) -File: texinfo.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Command and Variable Index, Up: Top +File: texinfo, Node: General Index, Prev: Command and Variable Index, Up: Top -Concept Index +General Index ************* * Menu: -* !: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* !: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* ": Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* " (double low-9 quotation mark): Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) * $Id: GNU Sample Texts. (line 21) * $Id expansion, preventing: w. (line 28) +* ': Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) * (dir) as Up node of Top node: First Node. (line 13) +* , (single low-9 quotation mark): Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* -, breakpoint within @code: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) +* --align=COLUMN: Invoking install-info. + (line 37) +* --calign=COLUMN: Invoking install-info. + (line 47) +* --command (texi2dvi): Format with texi2dvi. + (line 23) * --commands-in-node-names: makeinfo options. (line 34) * --css-include: makeinfo options. (line 41) +* --css-ref: makeinfo options. (line 46) +* --debug: Invoking install-info. + (line 55) * --delete: Invoking install-info. - (line 32) + (line 58) +* --description=TEXT: Invoking install-info. + (line 64) * --dir-file=NAME: Invoking install-info. - (line 38) -* --docbook: makeinfo options. (line 46) -* --enable-encoding <1>: makeinfo options. (line 49) -* --enable-encoding: documentencoding. (line 26) + (line 69) +* --disable-encoding: makeinfo options. (line 52) +* --docbook: makeinfo options. (line 59) +* --document-language: makeinfo options. (line 62) +* --dry-run: Invoking install-info. + (line 73) +* --enable-encoding <1>: makeinfo options. (line 52) +* --enable-encoding: documentencoding. (line 43) * --entry=TEXT: Invoking install-info. - (line 43) -* --error-limit=LIMIT: makeinfo options. (line 55) -* --fill-column=WIDTH: makeinfo options. (line 61) + (line 76) +* --error-limit=LIMIT: makeinfo options. (line 69) +* --fill-column=WIDTH: makeinfo options. (line 75) * --footnote-style, ignored in HTML output: HTML Translation. (line 13) -* --footnote-style=STYLE: makeinfo options. (line 70) -* --force: makeinfo options. (line 81) -* --help <1>: makeinfo options. (line 86) -* --help: Invoking install-info. - (line 51) -* --html: makeinfo options. (line 90) -* --ifdocbook: makeinfo options. (line 104) -* --ifhtml: makeinfo options. (line 105) -* --ifinfo: makeinfo options. (line 106) -* --ifplaintext: makeinfo options. (line 107) -* --iftex: makeinfo options. (line 108) -* --ifxml: makeinfo options. (line 109) +* --footnote-style=STYLE: makeinfo options. (line 84) +* --force: makeinfo options. (line 95) +* --help <1>: Invoking install-info. + (line 83) +* --help: makeinfo options. (line 100) +* --html: makeinfo options. (line 104) +* --ifdocbook: makeinfo options. (line 118) +* --ifhtml: makeinfo options. (line 119) +* --ifinfo: makeinfo options. (line 120) +* --ifplaintext: makeinfo options. (line 121) +* --iftex: makeinfo options. (line 122) +* --ifxml: makeinfo options. (line 123) * --info-dir=DIR: Invoking install-info. - (line 61) + (line 91) * --info-file=FILE: Invoking install-info. - (line 56) + (line 87) +* --infodir=DIR: Invoking install-info. + (line 95) * --item=TEXT: Invoking install-info. - (line 65) -* --macro-expand=FILE: makeinfo options. (line 117) -* --no-headers: makeinfo options. (line 123) -* --no-ifdocbook: makeinfo options. (line 138) -* --no-ifhtml: makeinfo options. (line 139) -* --no-ifinfo: makeinfo options. (line 140) -* --no-ifplaintext: makeinfo options. (line 141) -* --no-iftex: makeinfo options. (line 142) -* --no-ifxml: makeinfo options. (line 143) -* --no-number-footnotes: makeinfo options. (line 173) -* --no-pointer-validate: makeinfo options. (line 156) -* --no-split: makeinfo options. (line 148) -* --no-validate: makeinfo options. (line 156) -* --no-warn: makeinfo options. (line 163) -* --number-sections: makeinfo options. (line 169) -* --output=FILE: makeinfo options. (line 179) -* --paragraph-indent=INDENT: makeinfo options. (line 193) + (line 98) +* --keep-old: Invoking install-info. + (line 102) +* --language (texi2dvi): Format with texi2dvi. + (line 42) +* --macro-expand=FILE: makeinfo options. (line 130) +* --max-width=COLUMN: Invoking install-info. + (line 106) +* --maxwidth=COLUMN: Invoking install-info. + (line 110) +* --menuentry=TEXT: Invoking install-info. + (line 113) +* --name=TEXT: Invoking install-info. + (line 116) +* --no-headers: makeinfo options. (line 138) +* --no-ifdocbook: makeinfo options. (line 153) +* --no-ifhtml: makeinfo options. (line 154) +* --no-ifinfo: makeinfo options. (line 155) +* --no-ifplaintext: makeinfo options. (line 156) +* --no-iftex: makeinfo options. (line 157) +* --no-ifxml: makeinfo options. (line 158) +* --no-indent: Invoking install-info. + (line 126) +* --no-number-footnotes: makeinfo options. (line 164) +* --no-number-sections: makeinfo options. (line 169) +* --no-pointer-validate: makeinfo options. (line 181) +* --no-split: makeinfo options. (line 173) +* --no-validate: makeinfo options. (line 181) +* --no-warn: makeinfo options. (line 188) +* --number-sections: makeinfo options. (line 191) +* --output=FILE: makeinfo options. (line 197) +* --paragraph-indent=INDENT: makeinfo options. (line 211) +* --pdf (texi2dvi): Format with texi2dvi. + (line 32) +* --plaintext: makeinfo options. (line 138) * --quiet: Invoking install-info. - (line 69) -* --reference-limit=LIMIT: makeinfo options. (line 209) + (line 129) +* --recode (texi2dvi): Format with texi2dvi. + (line 58) +* --recode-from (texi2dvi): Format with texi2dvi. + (line 64) +* --regex=REGEX: Invoking install-info. + (line 167) * --remove: Invoking install-info. - (line 73) + (line 133) +* --remove-exactly: Invoking install-info. + (line 136) +* --section REGEX SEC: Invoking install-info. + (line 148) * --section=SEC: Invoking install-info. - (line 77) -* --split-size=NUM: makeinfo options. (line 215) -* --verbose: makeinfo options. (line 222) -* --version <1>: makeinfo options. (line 228) -* --version: Invoking install-info. - (line 84) -* --xml: makeinfo options. (line 231) -* -D DIR: Invoking install-info. - (line 61) -* -d NAME: Invoking install-info. - (line 38) + (line 140) +* --silent: Invoking install-info. + (line 130) +* --split-size=NUM: makeinfo options. (line 226) +* --test: Invoking install-info. + (line 173) +* --translate-file (texi2dvi): Format with texi2dvi. + (line 53) +* --transliterate-file-names: makeinfo options. (line 229) +* --verbose: makeinfo options. (line 238) +* --version <1>: Invoking install-info. + (line 176) +* --version: makeinfo options. (line 244) +* --xml: makeinfo options. (line 247) * -D VAR: makeinfo options. (line 30) -* -E FILE: makeinfo options. (line 117) -* -e LIMIT: makeinfo options. (line 55) -* -e TEXT: Invoking install-info. - (line 43) -* -F: makeinfo options. (line 81) -* -f WIDTH: makeinfo options. (line 61) -* -h <1>: makeinfo options. (line 86) -* -h: Invoking install-info. - (line 51) -* -I DIR: makeinfo options. (line 96) -* -i FILE: Invoking install-info. - (line 56) -* -o FILE: makeinfo options. (line 179) -* -P DIR: makeinfo options. (line 187) -* -p INDENT: makeinfo options. (line 193) -* -r: Invoking install-info. - (line 73) -* -r LIMIT: makeinfo options. (line 209) -* -s SEC: Invoking install-info. - (line 77) -* -s STYLE: makeinfo options. (line 70) -* -V <1>: Invoking install-info. - (line 84) -* -V: makeinfo options. (line 228) +* -E FILE: makeinfo options. (line 130) +* -e LIMIT: makeinfo options. (line 69) +* -F: makeinfo options. (line 95) +* -f WIDTH: makeinfo options. (line 75) +* -h: makeinfo options. (line 100) +* -I DIR: makeinfo options. (line 110) +* -o FILE: makeinfo options. (line 197) +* -P DIR: makeinfo options. (line 205) +* -p INDENT: makeinfo options. (line 211) +* -s STYLE: makeinfo options. (line 84) +* -V: makeinfo options. (line 244) * .cshrc initialization file: Preparing for TeX. (line 6) * .profile initialization file: Preparing for TeX. (line 6) -* /l: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* /L: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* /O: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* /o: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* /L: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* /l: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* /O: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* /o: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * 8-bit characters, in HTML cross-references: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion. (line 6) -* <acronym> tag: acronym. (line 15) -* <blockquote> HTML tag: quotation. (line 45) -* <lineannotation> Docbook tag: Fonts. (line 25) +* <: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* <<: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* <abbr> tag: abbr. (line 22) +* <acronym> tag: acronym. (line 19) +* <blockquote> HTML tag: quotation. (line 44) +* <lineannotation> Docbook tag: Fonts. (line 53) * <meta> HTML tag, and charset specification: documentencoding. - (line 35) + (line 56) * <meta> HTML tag, and document description: documentdescription. (line 6) -* <note> Docbook tag: quotation. (line 45) +* <note> Docbook tag: quotation. (line 44) * <small> tag: Smallcaps. (line 25) * <thead> HTML tag: Multitable Rows. (line 12) * <title> HTML tag: settitle. (line 21) * <URL: convention, not used: uref. (line 71) -* ?: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* >: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* >>: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* ?: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * @ as continuation in definition commands: Def Cmd Continuation Lines. (line 6) * @-command list: Command List. (line 6) @@ -16920,38 +17870,46 @@ Concept Index * @-commands in @node, limited support: Pointer Validation. (line 36) * @-commands in nodename: Node Line Requirements. (line 23) -* @import specifications, in CSS files: HTML CSS. (line 30) +* @import specifications, in CSS files: HTML CSS. (line 35) * @include file sample: Sample Include File. (line 6) * @menu parts: Menu Parts. (line 6) * @node line writing: Writing a Node. (line 6) * @value in @node lines: Pointer Validation. (line 66) * @w, for blank items: itemize. (line 10) * \input source line ignored: setfilename. (line 16) -* a: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* ^@^H for images in Info: Image Syntax. (line 63) +* _, breakpoint within @code: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) +* `: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* a: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * A4 paper, printing on: A4 Paper. (line 6) * A5 paper, printing on: A4 Paper. (line 6) -* AA: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* aa: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* Abbreviations for keys: key. (line 19) -* Abbreviations, tagging: acronym. (line 6) +* AA: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* aa: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* Abbreviations for keys: key. (line 20) +* Abbreviations, tagging: abbr. (line 6) * Abstract of document: documentdescription. (line 6) * Accents, inserting: Inserting Accents. (line 6) +* accesskey, in HTML output <1>: Writing a Menu. (line 28) +* accesskey, in HTML output: node. (line 27) * Acronyms, tagging: acronym. (line 6) -* Acute accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Acute accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Adding a new Info file: New Info File. (line 6) -* ae: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* AE: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* AE: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* ae: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Aliases, command: alias. (line 6) * All-permissive copying license: All-permissive Copying License. (line 6) * Allow line break: Line Breaks. (line 6) * Alphabetical @-command list: Command List. (line 6) -* Alt attribute for images: Image Syntax. (line 30) +* Alt attribute for images: Image Syntax. (line 39) * Anchors: anchor. (line 6) +* Angle quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) * Another Info directory: Other Info Directories. (line 6) * Arguments, repeated and optional: Optional Arguments. (line 6) -* ASCII text output: makeinfo options. (line 123) +* ASCII text output: makeinfo options. (line 138) * Aspect ratio of images: Image Scaling. (line 6) * autoexec.bat: Other Info Directories. (line 70) @@ -16961,7 +17919,7 @@ Concept Index * Automatically insert nodes, menus: Updating Nodes and Menus. (line 6) * Auxiliary files, avoiding: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 84) + (line 83) * B5 paper, printing on: pagesizes. (line 16) * Back-end output formats: Output Formats. (line 6) * Backslash in macros: Defining Macros. (line 37) @@ -16979,29 +17937,30 @@ Concept Index * Blank lines: sp. (line 6) * Blank lines, as paragraph separator: Conventions. (line 16) * Body of a macro: Defining Macros. (line 26) -* Bold font: Fonts. (line 15) +* Bold font: Fonts. (line 30) * Bolio: History. (line 30) * Book characteristics, printed: Printed Books. (line 6) * Book, printing small: smallbook. (line 6) * border-pattern: Object-Oriented Variables. - (line 58) + (line 23) * border-pattern of Window: Object-Oriented Variables. (line 77) * BoTeX: History. (line 30) * Box with rounded corners: cartouche. (line 6) * Box, ugly black in hardcopy: Overfull hboxes. (line 41) -* Braces and argument syntax: Command Syntax. (line 40) -* Braces, in macro arguments: Invoking Macros. (line 38) +* Braces and argument syntax: Command Syntax. (line 38) +* Braces, in macro arguments: Invoking Macros. (line 83) * Braces, inserting: Inserting Braces. (line 6) * Braces, when to use: Formatting Commands. (line 50) * Breaks in a line: Line Breaks. (line 6) -* Breve accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Breaks, within @code: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) +* Breve accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Buffer formatting and printing: Printing. (line 6) * Bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. (line 6) * Bullets, inserting: Dots Bullets. (line 6) * Captions, for floats: caption shortcaption. (line 6) -* Caron accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Caron accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Cascading Style Sheets, and HTML output: HTML CSS. (line 6) * Case in node name: Node Line Requirements. (line 42) @@ -17010,24 +17969,29 @@ Concept Index * Catching errors with TeX formatting: Debugging with TeX. (line 6) * Catching mistakes: Catching Mistakes. (line 6) * Categories, choosing: Installing Dir Entries. - (line 45) -* Cedilla accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) + (line 54) +* Caveats for macro usage: Macro Details. (line 6) +* Cedilla accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Centimeters: Image Scaling. (line 30) * Chapter structuring: Structuring. (line 6) * Chapters, formatting one at a time: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 84) + (line 83) * Character set, declaring: documentencoding. (line 6) * Characteristics, printed books or manuals: Printed Books. (line 6) * Characters, basic input: Conventions. (line 6) * Characters, invalid in node name: Node Line Requirements. (line 30) * Chassell, Robert J.: History. (line 6) -* Check accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Check accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Checking for badly referenced nodes: Running Info-Validate. (line 6) * Checklist for bug reports: Reporting Bugs. (line 11) * Ciceros: Image Scaling. (line 39) -* Circumflex accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Circumflex accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* Click sequences: Click Sequences. (line 6) +* CM-Super fonts: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 36) +* CM-Super fonts, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 24) * code, value for @kbdinputstyle: kbd. (line 32) * Collapsing whitespace around continuations: Def Cmd Continuation Lines. (line 31) @@ -17052,10 +18016,10 @@ Concept Index * Commands, inserting them: Inserting. (line 6) * Commas, inserting: Inserting a Comma. (line 6) * Comments: Comments. (line 6) -* Comments, in CSS files: HTML CSS. (line 36) +* Comments, in CSS files: HTML CSS. (line 41) * Compile command for formatting: Compile-Command. (line 6) * Compressed files, reading: Invoking install-info. - (line 22) + (line 23) * Conditionally visible text: Conditionals. (line 6) * Conditionals, nested: Conditional Nesting. (line 6) * Conditions for copying Texinfo: Copying Conditions. (line 6) @@ -17077,8 +18041,10 @@ Concept Index * Copyright page: Copyright. (line 6) * Copyright page, for plain text: Titlepage & Copyright Page. (line 16) +* Copyright symbol: copyright symbol. (line 6) * Copyright word, always in English: copying. (line 44) * Correcting mistakes: Catching Mistakes. (line 6) +* Country codes: documentlanguage. (line 50) * cp (concept) index: Predefined Indices. (line 10) * Create nodes, menus automatically: Updating Nodes and Menus. (line 6) @@ -17104,12 +18070,14 @@ Concept Index * Customize Emacs package (Development/Docs/Texinfo): Texinfo Mode Printing. (line 92) * Customized highlighting: definfoenclose. (line 6) -* Customizing of TeX for Texinfo: Preparing for TeX. (line 27) +* Customizing of TeX for Texinfo: Preparing for TeX. (line 32) * CVS $Id: GNU Sample Texts. (line 21) -* Dashes in source: Conventions. (line 41) +* Dash, breakpoint within @code: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) +* Dashes in source: Conventions. (line 28) * Debugging the Texinfo structure: Catching Mistakes. (line 6) * Debugging with Info formatting: Debugging with Info. (line 6) * Debugging with TeX formatting: Debugging with TeX. (line 6) +* Default font: Fonts. (line 36) * Defining indexing entries: Indexing Commands. (line 6) * Defining macros: Defining Macros. (line 6) * Defining new indices: New Indices. (line 6) @@ -17122,10 +18090,14 @@ Concept Index * Definition lists, typesetting: table. (line 6) * Definition template: Def Cmd Template. (line 6) * Definitions grouped together: deffnx. (line 6) +* Degree symbol: textdegree. (line 6) * Delimiter character, for verbatim: verb. (line 6) * Depth of text area: pagesizes. (line 6) * Description for menu, start: Inserting. (line 94) * Description of document: documentdescription. (line 6) +* Detail menu: makeinfo Pointer Creation. + (line 24) +* Detailed menu: Master Menu Parts. (line 18) * Details of macro usage: Macro Details. (line 6) * Dido^t points: Image Scaling. (line 36) * Different cross reference commands: Cross Reference Commands. @@ -17133,7 +18105,7 @@ Concept Index * Dimension formatting: dmn. (line 6) * Dimensions and image sizes: Image Scaling. (line 14) * Dir categories, choosing: Installing Dir Entries. - (line 45) + (line 54) * dir directory for Info installation: Installing an Info File. (line 6) * dir file listing: New Info File. (line 6) @@ -17142,16 +18114,16 @@ Concept Index * dir files and Info directories: Other Info Directories. (line 6) * Dir files, compressed: Invoking install-info. - (line 22) + (line 23) * dir, created by install-info: Invoking install-info. - (line 19) + (line 20) * Display formatting: display. (line 6) -* Displayed equations: math. (line 33) +* Displayed equations: math. (line 47) * distinct, value for @kbdinputstyle: kbd. (line 32) * Distorting images: Image Scaling. (line 6) * Distribution: Software Copying Permissions. (line 6) -* Docbook output: Output Formats. (line 70) +* Docbook output: Output Formats. (line 73) * Docbook, including raw: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 6) * Document description: documentdescription. (line 6) @@ -17159,29 +18131,45 @@ Concept Index * Document language, declaring: documentlanguage. (line 6) * Document Permissions: Document Permissions. (line 6) +* Document strings, translation of: documentlanguage. (line 21) * Documentation identification: GNU Sample Texts. (line 21) -* Dot accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* Dotless i, j: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Dot accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* Dotless i, j: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Dots, inserting <1>: dots. (line 6) * Dots, inserting: Dots Bullets. (line 6) +* Double angle quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Double guillemets: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Double left-pointing angle quotation mark: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Double low-9 quotation mark: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Double quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Double right-pointing angle quotation mark: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) * Double-colon menu entries: Less Cluttered Menu Entry. (line 6) -* DTD, for Texinfo XML: Output Formats. (line 60) +* DTD, for Texinfo XML: Output Formats. (line 63) * Dumas, Patrice: HTML Xref. (line 21) -* Dumping a .fmt file: Preparing for TeX. (line 74) +* Dumping a .fmt file: Preparing for TeX. (line 79) * DVI file: Format with tex/texindex. (line 6) * DVI output: Output Formats. (line 36) * dvips: Output Formats. (line 36) +* EC fonts: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 29) +* EC fonts, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 24) * Ellipsis, inserting: Dots Bullets. (line 6) * Em dash, compared to minus sign: minus. (line 6) -* Em dash, producing: Conventions. (line 41) +* Em dash, producing: Conventions. (line 28) * Emacs: Texinfo Mode. (line 6) * Emacs shell, format, print from: Within Emacs. (line 6) * Emacs-W3: Output Formats. (line 26) * Emphasizing text: Emphasis. (line 6) * Emphasizing text, font for: emph & strong. (line 6) -* En dash, producing: Conventions. (line 41) +* En dash, producing: Conventions. (line 28) * Encoding, declaring: documentencoding. (line 6) * End node footnote style: Footnote Styles. (line 9) * End of header line: End of Header. (line 6) @@ -17195,16 +18183,24 @@ Concept Index * Environment variable INFOPATH: Other Info Directories. (line 50) * Environment variable TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT: makeinfo options. - (line 234) -* Environment variable TEXINPUTS: Preparing for TeX. (line 37) + (line 250) +* Environment variable TEXINPUTS: Preparing for TeX. (line 42) +* eps image format: Image Syntax. (line 13) * epsf.tex: Image Scaling. (line 49) * epsf.tex, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 20) -* Equations, displayed: math. (line 33) +* Equations, displayed: math. (line 47) * Equivalence, indicating: Equivalence. (line 6) * Error message, indicating: Error Glyph. (line 6) * Errors, parsing: makeinfo in Emacs. (line 26) -* Es-zet: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Es-zet: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* Euro font: euro. (line 24) +* Euro font, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 29) +* Euro symbol: euro. (line 6) * European A4 paper: A4 Paper. (line 6) +* European Computer Modern fonts: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 29) +* European Computer Modern fonts, installing: Preparing for TeX. + (line 24) * Evaluation glyph: result. (line 6) * Example beginning of Texinfo file: Sample Beginning. (line 6) * Example indentation: exampleindent. (line 6) @@ -17220,10 +18216,9 @@ Concept Index * expansion, of node names in HTML cross-references: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion. (line 6) * Expressions in a program, indicating: code. (line 10) -* F.B.I., as acronym: acronym. (line 6) -* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. - (line 6) -* Feminine ordinal: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Feminine ordinal: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* feymr10: euro. (line 24) +* feymr10, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 29) * File beginning: Beginning a File. (line 6) * File ending: Ending a File. (line 6) * File name collision: setfilename. (line 26) @@ -17237,7 +18232,7 @@ Concept Index * First node: First Node. (line 6) * First paragraph, suppressing indentation of: firstparagraphindent. (line 6) -* Fixed-width font: Fonts. (line 18) +* Fixed-width font: Fonts. (line 46) * Float environment: float. (line 6) * Floating accents, inserting: Inserting Accents. (line 6) * Floating, not yet implemented: Floats. (line 10) @@ -17245,8 +18240,9 @@ Concept Index * Floats, list of: listoffloats. (line 6) * Floats, making unnumbered: float. (line 39) * Floats, numbering of: float. (line 46) -* Flooding: pxref. (line 34) +* Flooding: pxref. (line 27) * fn (function) index: Predefined Indices. (line 13) +* Font size, reducing: Fonts. (line 6) * Fonts for indices: syncodeindex. (line 52) * Fonts for printing, not Info: Fonts. (line 6) * Footings: Headings. (line 6) @@ -17258,7 +18254,7 @@ Concept Index * Format and print hardcopy: Hardcopy. (line 6) * Format and print in Texinfo mode: Texinfo Mode Printing. (line 6) -* Format file, dumping: Preparing for TeX. (line 74) +* Format file, dumping: Preparing for TeX. (line 79) * Format with the compile command: Compile-Command. (line 6) * Format, print from Emacs shell: Within Emacs. (line 6) * Formats for images: Image Syntax. (line 10) @@ -17278,7 +18274,10 @@ Concept Index * Free Documentation License, including entire: GNU Sample Texts. (line 51) * Free Software Directory: Installing Dir Entries. - (line 45) + (line 54) +* French quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* French spacing: frenchspacing. (line 6) * Frequently used commands, inserting: Inserting. (line 6) * Frontmatter, text in: Beginning a File. (line 15) * Full texts, GNU: GNU Sample Texts. (line 6) @@ -17287,13 +18286,14 @@ Concept Index * General syntactic conventions: Conventions. (line 6) * Generating menus with indices: Printing Indices & Menus. (line 6) -* Generating plain text files: makeinfo options. (line 123) -* German S: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* GIF images, unsupported due to patents: Image Syntax. (line 37) +* Generating plain text files: makeinfo options. (line 138) +* German quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* German S: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Global Document Commands: Global Document Commands. (line 6) * Globbing: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 32) + (line 31) * Glyphs: Glyphs. (line 6) * GNU Emacs: Texinfo Mode. (line 6) * GNU Emacs shell, format, print from: Within Emacs. (line 6) @@ -17301,11 +18301,17 @@ Concept Index (line 51) * GNU sample texts: GNU Sample Texts. (line 6) * Going to other Info files' nodes: Other Info Files. (line 6) -* Grave accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* Grave accent, vs. left quote: Conventions. (line 35) +* Grave accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* Grave accent, vs. left quote: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 16) * Group (hold text together vertically): group. (line 6) * Grouping two definitions together: deffnx. (line 6) -* Hacek accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* GUI click sequence: Click Sequences. (line 6) +* Guillemets: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Guillemots: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Hacek accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Hardcopy, printing it: Hardcopy. (line 6) * hboxes, overfull: Overfull hboxes. (line 6) * Header for Texinfo files: Texinfo File Header. (line 6) @@ -17317,7 +18323,7 @@ Concept Index * Headings, page, begin to appear: end titlepage. (line 6) * Height of images: Image Scaling. (line 6) * Height of text area: pagesizes. (line 6) -* help2man: Output Formats. (line 88) +* help2man: Output Formats. (line 91) * Hierarchical documents, and menus: Menu Location. (line 16) * Highlighting text: Indicating. (line 6) * Highlighting, customized: definfoenclose. (line 6) @@ -17338,27 +18344,28 @@ Concept Index * HTML cross-references: HTML Xref. (line 6) * HTML output <1>: Generating HTML. (line 6) * HTML output: Output Formats. (line 26) -* HTML output, and encodings: documentencoding. (line 35) +* HTML output, and encodings: documentencoding. (line 56) * HTML output, browser compatibility of: HTML Translation. (line 22) * HTML output, split: HTML Splitting. (line 6) * HTML, and CSS: HTML CSS. (line 6) * HTML, including raw: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 6) -* http-equiv, and charset specification: documentencoding. (line 35) -* Hungarian umlaut accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* http-equiv, and charset specification: documentencoding. (line 56) +* Hungarian umlaut accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Hurricanes: ref. (line 12) +* Hyphen, breakpoint within @code: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) * Hyphen, compared to minus: minus. (line 6) -* Hyphenation patterns, language-dependent: documentlanguage. (line 18) +* Hyphenation patterns, language-dependent: documentlanguage. (line 41) * Hyphenation, helping TeX do: - and hyphenation. (line 6) * Hyphenation, preventing: w. (line 24) -* Hyphens in source, two or three in a row: Conventions. (line 41) -* i (dotless i): Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Hyphens in source, two or three in a row: Conventions. (line 28) +* i (dotless i): Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Identification of documentation: GNU Sample Texts. (line 21) * If text conditionally visible: Conditionals. (line 6) * Ignored before @setfilename: setfilename. (line 16) * Ignored text: Comments. (line 19) * Image formats: Image Syntax. (line 10) -* Images, alternate text for: Image Syntax. (line 30) +* Images, alternate text for: Image Syntax. (line 39) * Images, inserting: Images. (line 6) * Images, scaling: Image Scaling. (line 6) * Inches: Image Scaling. (line 27) @@ -17381,7 +18388,7 @@ Concept Index * Index entries, making: Index Entries. (line 6) * Index entry writing: Indexing Commands. (line 27) * Index file names: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 24) + (line 23) * Index font types: Indexing Commands. (line 48) * Indexing table entries automatically: ftable vtable. (line 6) * Indicating commands, definitions, etc.: Indicating. (line 6) @@ -17406,7 +18413,7 @@ Concept Index * Info installed in another directory: Other Info Directories. (line 6) * Info output: Output Formats. (line 10) -* Info output, and encoding: documentencoding. (line 26) +* Info output, and encoding: documentencoding. (line 43) * Info validating a large file: Using Info-validate. (line 6) * Info, creating an online file: Creating an Info File. (line 6) @@ -17421,14 +18428,18 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * Inserting @ (literal @): Inserting an Atsign. (line 6) * Inserting accents: Inserting Accents. (line 6) -* Inserting dots <1>: Dots Bullets. (line 6) -* Inserting dots: dots. (line 6) +* Inserting dots <1>: dots. (line 6) +* Inserting dots: Dots Bullets. (line 6) * Inserting ellipsis: Dots Bullets. (line 6) * Inserting frequently used commands: Inserting. (line 6) * Inserting indentation: indent. (line 6) +* Inserting quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 6) +* Inserting quote characters: Inserting Quote Characters. + (line 6) * Inserting space: Inserting Space. (line 6) * Inserting special characters and symbols: Insertions. (line 6) -* INSTALL file, generating: makeinfo options. (line 123) +* INSTALL file, generating: makeinfo options. (line 138) * install-info: Invoking install-info. (line 6) * Installing an Info file: Installing an Info File. @@ -17444,24 +18455,42 @@ Concept Index (line 30) * Invoking macros: Invoking Macros. (line 6) * Invoking nodes, including in dir file: Installing Dir Entries. - (line 62) -* ISO 639 codes: documentlanguage. (line 22) -* Italic font: Fonts. (line 12) + (line 71) +* ISO 3166 country codes: documentlanguage. (line 50) +* ISO 639-2 language codes: documentlanguage. (line 50) +* ISO 8859-1: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 24) +* ISO 8859-15 <1>: euro. (line 18) +* ISO 8859-15: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 24) +* Italic font: Fonts. (line 33) * Itemization: itemize. (line 6) -* j (dotless j): Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* JPG image format: Image Syntax. (line 37) +* j (dotless j): Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* JPEG image format: Image Syntax. (line 51) +* jpeg image format: Image Syntax. (line 15) * Keyboard input: kbd. (line 6) -* Keys, recommended names: key. (line 19) +* Keys, recommended names: key. (line 20) * Keyword expansion, preventing: w. (line 28) * Keywords, indicating: code. (line 10) * Knuth, Donald: Printed Books. (line 6) * ky (keystroke) index: Predefined Indices. (line 17) -* Language codes: documentlanguage. (line 22) +* LANG: makeinfo options. (line 62) +* Language codes: documentlanguage. (line 50) * Language, declaring: documentlanguage. (line 6) * Larger or smaller pages: Cropmarks and Magnification. (line 24) +* LaTeX logo: tex. (line 6) * LaTeX, processing with texi2dvi: Format with texi2dvi. - (line 32) + (line 39) +* Latin 1: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 24) +* Latin 9 <1>: euro. (line 18) +* Latin 9: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 24) +* Left quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Left-pointing angle quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) * Legal paper, printing on: pagesizes. (line 16) * Length of file names: setfilename. (line 26) * Less cluttered menu entry: Less Cluttered Menu Entry. @@ -17472,8 +18501,8 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * License for verbatim copying: Verbatim Copying License. (line 6) -* Line breaks <1>: Breaks. (line 6) -* Line breaks: Line Breaks. (line 6) +* Line breaks <1>: Line Breaks. (line 6) +* Line breaks: Breaks. (line 6) * Line breaks, preventing: w. (line 6) * Line length, column widths as fraction of: Multitable Column Widths. (line 11) @@ -17485,8 +18514,10 @@ Concept Index * Listing a new Info file: New Info File. (line 6) * Lists and tables, making: Lists and Tables. (line 6) * Local variables: Compile-Command. (line 6) -* Local Variables: section, for encoding: documentencoding. (line 26) +* Local Variables: section, for encoding: documentencoding. (line 43) +* Locale, declaring: documentlanguage. (line 6) * Location of menus: Menu Location. (line 6) +* Logos, TeX: tex. (line 6) * Looking for badly referenced nodes: Running Info-Validate. (line 6) * Lowering and raising sections: Raise/lower sections. @@ -17501,10 +18532,10 @@ Concept Index * Macro expansion, indicating: expansion. (line 6) * Macro invocation: Invoking Macros. (line 6) * Macro names, valid characters in: Defining Macros. (line 16) -* Macron accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Macron accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Macros: Defining New Texinfo Commands. (line 6) -* Macros in definition commands: Def Cmd Template. (line 66) +* Macros in definition commands: Def Cmd Template. (line 67) * Macros, undefining: Defining Macros. (line 56) * Magnified printing: Cropmarks and Magnification. (line 24) @@ -17518,13 +18549,13 @@ Concept Index * Making cross references: Cross References. (line 6) * Making line and page breaks: Breaks. (line 6) * Making lists and tables: Lists and Tables. (line 6) -* Man page output, not supported: Output Formats. (line 78) +* Man page output, not supported: Output Formats. (line 81) * Man page, reference to: uref. (line 20) * Manual characteristics, printed: Printed Books. (line 6) * Margins on page, not controllable: pagesizes. (line 20) * Marking text within a paragraph: Marking Text. (line 6) * Marking words and phrases: Marking Text. (line 6) -* Masculine ordinal: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Masculine ordinal: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Master menu: Master Menu Parts. (line 6) * Mathematical expressions <1>: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 33) @@ -17540,8 +18571,8 @@ Concept Index * Menus: Menus. (line 6) * Menus generated with indices: Printing Indices & Menus. (line 6) -* Menus, omitting: makeinfo options. (line 123) -* META key: key. (line 53) +* Menus, omitting: makeinfo options. (line 138) +* META key: key. (line 54) * Meta-syntactic chars for arguments: Optional Arguments. (line 6) * Methods, object-oriented: Object-Oriented Methods. (line 6) @@ -17549,13 +18580,14 @@ Concept Index * Minimal requirements for formatting: Requirements Summary. (line 6) * Minimal Texinfo file (requirements): Minimum. (line 6) +* Minus sign: minus. (line 6) * Mismatched HTML cross-reference source and target: HTML Xref Mismatch. (line 6) * Mistakes, catching: Catching Mistakes. (line 6) * Mode, using Texinfo: Texinfo Mode. (line 6) -* Monospace font: Fonts. (line 18) +* Monospace font: Fonts. (line 46) * Mozilla: Output Formats. (line 26) -* Multiple dashes in source: Conventions. (line 41) +* Multiple dashes in source: Conventions. (line 28) * Multiple spaces: Multiple Spaces. (line 6) * Multitable column widths: Multitable Column Widths. (line 6) @@ -17564,13 +18596,13 @@ Concept Index * Mutually recursive macros: Defining Macros. (line 26) * Names for indices: syncodeindex. (line 17) * Names of index files: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 24) + (line 23) * Names of macros, valid characters of: Defining Macros. (line 16) -* Names recommended for keys: key. (line 19) +* Names recommended for keys: key. (line 20) * Naming a `Top' Node in references: Top Node Naming. (line 6) * NASA, as acronym: acronym. (line 6) * Navigation bar, in HTML output: HTML Translation. (line 16) -* Navigation links, omitting: makeinfo options. (line 129) +* Navigation links, omitting: makeinfo options. (line 144) * Need space at page bottom: need. (line 6) * Nesting conditionals: Conditional Nesting. (line 6) * New index defining: New Indices. (line 6) @@ -17578,7 +18610,7 @@ Concept Index * New Texinfo commands, defining: Defining New Texinfo Commands. (line 6) * Newlines, as blank lines: Conventions. (line 16) -* Next node of Top node: First Node. (line 30) +* Next node of Top node: First Node. (line 26) * Node line requirements: Node Line Requirements. (line 6) * Node line writing: Writing a Node. (line 6) @@ -17591,7 +18623,7 @@ Concept Index * Node names, choosing: Node Names. (line 6) * Node names, invalid characters in: Node Line Requirements. (line 30) -* Node separators, omitting: makeinfo options. (line 123) +* Node separators, omitting: makeinfo options. (line 138) * Node, `Top': The Top Node. (line 6) * Node, defined: node. (line 6) * Nodes in other Info files: Other Info Files. (line 6) @@ -17603,25 +18635,26 @@ Concept Index * Not ending a sentence: Not Ending a Sentence. (line 6) * Numbering of floats: float. (line 46) -* o: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* O'Dea, Brendan: Output Formats. (line 88) +* o: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* O'Dea, Brendan: Output Formats. (line 91) * Object-oriented programming: Abstract Objects. (line 6) +* Oblique font: Fonts. (line 43) * Obtaining TeX: Obtaining TeX. (line 6) * Occurrences, listing with @occur: Using occur. (line 6) -* OE: Inserting Accents. (line 37) -* oe: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* OE: Inserting Accents. (line 39) +* oe: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Omitting indentation: noindent. (line 6) * Optional and repeated arguments: Optional Arguments. (line 6) * Options for makeinfo: makeinfo options. (line 6) -* Ordinals, Romance: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Ordinals, Romance: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Ordinary TeX commands, using: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 6) * Other Info files' nodes: Other Info Files. (line 6) * Outline of file structure, showing it: Showing the Structure. (line 6) -* Output file splitting: makeinfo options. (line 148) +* Output file splitting: makeinfo options. (line 173) * Output formats: Output Formats. (line 6) -* Output formats, supporting more: Output Formats. (line 95) +* Output formats, supporting more: Output Formats. (line 98) * Overfull hboxes: Overfull hboxes. (line 6) * Overview of Texinfo: Overview. (line 6) * Owner of copyright for FSF works: copying. (line 53) @@ -17650,11 +18683,11 @@ Concept Index * Parts of a master menu: Master Menu Parts. (line 6) * Parts of a menu: Menu Parts. (line 6) * Patches, contributing: Reporting Bugs. (line 30) +* pdf image inclusions: Image Syntax. (line 15) * PDF output <1>: PDF Output. (line 6) * PDF output: Output Formats. (line 51) -* pdfcolor.tex, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 24) -* pdftex <1>: Output Formats. (line 51) -* pdftex: PDF Output. (line 6) +* pdftex <1>: PDF Output. (line 6) +* pdftex: Output Formats. (line 51) * pdftex, and images: Image Syntax. (line 15) * Period in nodename: Node Line Requirements. (line 30) @@ -17668,23 +18701,25 @@ Concept Index * Pinard, Franc,ois: History. (line 14) * Plain TeX: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 6) -* Plain text output <1>: Output Formats. (line 21) -* Plain text output: makeinfo options. (line 123) -* PNG image format: Image Syntax. (line 37) +* Plain text output <1>: makeinfo options. (line 138) +* Plain text output: Output Formats. (line 21) +* PNG image format: Image Syntax. (line 51) +* png image format: Image Syntax. (line 15) * Point, indicating in a buffer: Point Glyph. (line 6) * Pointer creation with makeinfo: makeinfo Pointer Creation. (line 6) * Pointer validation with makeinfo: Pointer Validation. (line 6) -* Pointer validation, suppressing <1>: makeinfo options. (line 156) +* Pointer validation, suppressing <1>: makeinfo options. (line 181) * Pointer validation, suppressing: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 84) + (line 83) * Points (dimension): Image Scaling. (line 18) +* Pounds symbol: pounds. (line 6) * Predefined names for indices: syncodeindex. (line 17) * Preparing for TeX: Preparing for TeX. (line 6) +* Prev node of Top node: First Node. (line 24) * Preventing first paragraph indentation: firstparagraphindent. (line 6) * Preventing line and page breaks: Breaks. (line 6) -* Previous node of Top node: First Node. (line 24) * Print and format in Texinfo mode: Texinfo Mode Printing. (line 6) * Print, format from Emacs shell: Within Emacs. (line 6) @@ -17694,6 +18729,7 @@ Concept Index * Printing a region or buffer: Printing. (line 6) * Printing an index: Printing Indices & Menus. (line 6) +* Printing cost, reducing: Fonts. (line 13) * Printing cropmarks: Cropmarks and Magnification. (line 6) * Printing DVI files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows: Print with lpr. (line 27) @@ -17702,8 +18738,17 @@ Concept Index * Program names, indicating: command. (line 6) * Prototype row, column widths defined by: Multitable Column Widths. (line 22) -* Quotation characters (`'), in source: Conventions. (line 24) +* Quotation characters (`'), in source: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 6) +* Quotation marks, French: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Quotation marks, German: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Quotation marks, inserting: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 6) * Quotations: quotation. (line 6) +* Quote characters, inserting: Inserting Quote Characters. + (line 6) * Ragged left: flushleft & flushright. (line 6) * Ragged right: flushleft & flushright. @@ -17713,10 +18758,11 @@ Concept Index * Raw formatter commands: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 6) * RCS $Id: GNU Sample Texts. (line 21) -* Recommended names for keys: key. (line 19) +* Recommended names for keys: key. (line 20) * Rectangle, black in hardcopy: Overfull hboxes. (line 41) * Recursion, mutual: Defining Macros. (line 26) * Recursive macro invocations: Defining Macros. (line 44) +* Reducing font size: Fonts. (line 6) * Reference to @-commands: Command List. (line 6) * References: Cross References. (line 6) * References using @inforef: inforef. (line 6) @@ -17727,6 +18773,7 @@ Concept Index * Region formatting and printing: Printing. (line 6) * Region printing in Texinfo mode: Texinfo Mode Printing. (line 6) +* Registered symbol: registered symbol. (line 6) * Reid, Brian: History. (line 24) * Repeated and optional arguments: Optional Arguments. (line 6) * Reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs. (line 6) @@ -17742,9 +18789,13 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * Result of an expression: result. (line 6) * ridt.eps: Image Scaling. (line 44) -* Ring accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* Roman font: Fonts. (line 21) -* Romance ordinals: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Right quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Right-pointing angle quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Ring accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* Roman font: Fonts. (line 36) +* Romance ordinals: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Rounded rectangles, around examples: cartouche. (line 6) * Rows, of a multitable: Multitable Rows. (line 6) * Running an Info formatter: Info Formatting. (line 6) @@ -17760,11 +18811,12 @@ Concept Index * Sample Texinfo files: Sample Texinfo Files. (line 6) * Sample texts, GNU: GNU Sample Texts. (line 6) +* Sans serif font: Fonts. (line 40) * Scaled points: Image Scaling. (line 42) * Scaling images: Image Scaling. (line 6) * Schwab, Andreas: History. (line 14) * Scribe: History. (line 24) -* Sea surges: ref. (line 27) +* Sea surges: ref. (line 28) * Section structure of a file, showing it: Showing the Structure. (line 6) * Sections, raising and lowering: Raise/lower sections. @@ -17772,9 +18824,11 @@ Concept Index * Sentence ending punctuation: Ending a Sentence. (line 6) * Sentence non-ending punctuation: Not Ending a Sentence. (line 6) +* Sentences, spacing after: frenchspacing. (line 6) * Separate footnote style: Footnote Styles. (line 20) -* SGML-tools output format: Output Formats. (line 95) -* Sharp S: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Sequence of clicks: Click Sequences. (line 6) +* SGML-tools output format: Output Formats. (line 98) +* Sharp S: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Shell formatting with tex and texindex: Format with tex/texindex. (line 6) * Shell printing, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows: Print with lpr. (line 27) @@ -17788,17 +18842,33 @@ Concept Index * Showing the structure of a file: Using texinfo-show-structure. (line 6) * Shrubbery: ifset ifclear. (line 21) -* Site-wide Texinfo configuration file: Preparing for TeX. (line 27) +* Single angle quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Single guillemets: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Single left-pointing angle quotation mark: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Single low-9 quotation mark: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Single quotation marks: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Single right-pointing angle quotation mark: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 43) +* Site-wide Texinfo configuration file: Preparing for TeX. (line 32) * Size of printed book: smallbook. (line 6) +* Slanted font: Fonts. (line 43) * Slanted typewriter font, for @kbd: kbd. (line 15) * Small book size: smallbook. (line 6) * Small caps font: Smallcaps. (line 6) * Small examples: small. (line 6) +* Small verbatim: verbatim. (line 46) +* Smaller fonts: Fonts. (line 6) * Software copying permissions: Software Copying Permissions. (line 6) * Sorting indices: Hardcopy. (line 6) * Source file format: Using Texinfo. (line 19) * Source files, characters used: Conventions. (line 9) +* Space, after sentences: frenchspacing. (line 6) * Space, inserting horizontal: Multiple Spaces. (line 6) * Space, inserting vertical: sp. (line 6) * Spaces in macros: Defining Macros. (line 40) @@ -17813,8 +18883,8 @@ Concept Index * Specifying index entries: Indexing Commands. (line 6) * Split HTML output: HTML Splitting. (line 6) * Splitting an Info file manually: Splitting. (line 6) -* Splitting of output files: makeinfo options. (line 148) -* ss: Inserting Accents. (line 37) +* Splitting of output files: makeinfo options. (line 173) +* ss: Inserting Accents. (line 39) * Stallman, Richard M.: History. (line 6) * Start of header line: Start of Header. (line 6) * Starting chapters: setchapternewpage. (line 6) @@ -17822,6 +18892,7 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * Structure, catching mistakes in: Catching Mistakes. (line 6) * Structuring of chapters: Structuring. (line 6) +* Styles, font: Fonts. (line 24) * Subsection-like commands: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading. (line 6) * Subsub commands: subsubsection. (line 6) @@ -17841,7 +18912,7 @@ Concept Index * Tables with indexes: ftable vtable. (line 6) * Tables, making multi-column: Multi-column Tables. (line 6) * Tables, making two-column: Two-column Tables. (line 6) -* Tabs; don't use!: Conventions. (line 51) +* Tabs; don't use!: Conventions. (line 38) * Tag table, making automatically: Tag and Split Files. (line 6) * Tag table, making manually: Unsplit. (line 26) * Targets for cross-references, arbitrary: anchor. (line 6) @@ -17850,15 +18921,16 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * TeX index sorting: Hardcopy. (line 6) * TeX input initialization: Preparing for TeX. (line 6) +* TeX logo: tex. (line 6) * TeX, how to obtain: Obtaining TeX. (line 6) * texi2dvi: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 76) + (line 75) * texi2dvi (shell script): Format with texi2dvi. (line 6) * texi2roff, unsupported software: Printed Books. (line 59) -* texindex <1>: Hardcopy. (line 6) -* texindex: Format with tex/texindex. +* texindex <1>: Format with tex/texindex. (line 16) +* texindex: Hardcopy. (line 6) * Texinfo commands, defining new: Defining New Texinfo Commands. (line 6) * Texinfo file beginning: Beginning a File. (line 6) @@ -17874,18 +18946,18 @@ Concept Index * Texinfo requires @setfilename: setfilename. (line 6) * Texinfo, introduction to: Using Texinfo. (line 6) * texinfo.cnf: setfilename. (line 43) -* texinfo.cnf installation: Preparing for TeX. (line 27) -* texinfo.dtd: Output Formats. (line 60) +* texinfo.cnf installation: Preparing for TeX. (line 32) +* texinfo.dtd: Output Formats. (line 63) * texinfo.tex, installing: Preparing for TeX. (line 13) -* TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT: makeinfo options. (line 234) -* TEXINPUTS: Preparing for TeX. (line 37) +* TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT: makeinfo options. (line 250) +* TEXINPUTS: Preparing for TeX. (line 42) * Text width and height: pagesizes. (line 6) * Text, conditionally visible: Conditionals. (line 6) * Text, marking up: Marking Text. (line 6) * Thin space between number, dimension: dmn. (line 6) -* Tie-after accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Tie-after accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Tied space: tie. (line 6) -* Tilde accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Tilde accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * time-stamp.el: GNU Sample Texts. (line 32) * Tips: Tips. (line 8) * Title page: titlepage. (line 6) @@ -17898,25 +18970,29 @@ Concept Index * Top node is first: First Node. (line 6) * Top node naming for references: Top Node Naming. (line 6) * tp (data type) index: Predefined Indices. (line 23) +* Transliteration of 8-bit characters in HTML cross-references: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion. + (line 6) * Tree structuring: Tree Structuring. (line 6) * Two `First' Lines for @deffn: deffnx. (line 6) * Two letter names for indices: syncodeindex. (line 17) * Two named items for @table: itemx. (line 6) * Two part menu entry: Less Cluttered Menu Entry. (line 6) -* txi-CC.tex: documentlanguage. (line 13) +* txi-CC.tex: documentlanguage. (line 28) * Typesetting commands for dots, etc.: Dots Bullets. (line 6) -* Typewriter font: Fonts. (line 18) +* Typewriter font: Fonts. (line 46) * Ugly black rectangles in hardcopy: Overfull hboxes. (line 41) -* Umlaut accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) +* Umlaut accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) * Unbreakable space, fixed: w. (line 9) * Unbreakable space, variable: tie. (line 6) * Uncluttered menu entry: Less Cluttered Menu Entry. (line 6) * Undefining macros: Defining Macros. (line 56) -* Underbar accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* Underdot accent: Inserting Accents. (line 17) -* Unicode quotation characters: Conventions. (line 35) +* Underbar accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* Underdot accent: Inserting Accents. (line 18) +* Underscore, breakpoint within @code: allowcodebreaks. (line 6) +* Unicode quotation characters: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 16) * Uniform resource locator, indicating: indicateurl. (line 6) * Uniform resource locator, referring to: uref. (line 6) * Unique nodename requirement: Node Line Requirements. @@ -17939,6 +19015,8 @@ Concept Index * User-defined Texinfo commands: Defining New Texinfo Commands. (line 6) * Using Texinfo in general: Using Texinfo. (line 6) +* UTF-8: Inserting Quotation Marks. + (line 24) * Validating a large file: Using Info-validate. (line 6) * Validation of pointers: Pointer Validation. (line 6) * Value of an expression, indicating: result. (line 6) @@ -17949,10 +19027,11 @@ Concept Index * Verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6) * Verbatim in-line text: verb. (line 6) * Verbatim, include file: verbatiminclude. (line 6) +* Verbatim, small: verbatim. (line 46) * VERSION Automake variable: GNU Sample Texts. (line 32) * Version control keywords, preventing expansion of: w. (line 28) * Version number, for install-info: Invoking install-info. - (line 84) + (line 176) * Vertically holding text together: group. (line 6) * Visibility of conditional text: Conditionals. (line 6) * vr (variable) index: Predefined Indices. (line 27) @@ -17971,16 +19050,16 @@ Concept Index * Widths, defining multitable column: Multitable Column Widths. (line 6) * Wildcards: Format with tex/texindex. - (line 32) + (line 31) * Words and phrases, marking them: Marking Text. (line 6) * Writing a menu: Writing a Menu. (line 6) * Writing an @node line: Writing a Node. (line 6) * Writing index entries: Indexing Commands. (line 27) * xdvi: Output Formats. (line 36) -* XML output: Output Formats. (line 60) +* XML output: Output Formats. (line 63) * XML, including raw: Raw Formatter Commands. (line 6) -* XPM image format: Image Syntax. (line 23) +* XPM image format: Image Syntax. (line 26) * Years, in copyright line: copying. (line 48) * Zaretskii, Eli: History. (line 14) * Zuhn, David D.: History. (line 14) @@ -17988,341 +19067,349 @@ Concept Index Tag Table: -Node: Top1485 -Node: Copying Conditions26788 -Node: Overview28855 -Ref: Overview-Footnote-130234 -Node: Reporting Bugs30691 -Node: Using Texinfo32215 -Node: Output Formats33804 -Node: Info Files38893 -Ref: Info Files-Footnote-143301 -Node: Printed Books43480 -Ref: Printed Books-Footnote-146309 -Node: Formatting Commands46643 -Ref: Formatting Commands-Footnote-149496 -Node: Conventions50104 -Node: Comments53438 -Node: Minimum55068 -Node: Six Parts57631 -Node: Short Sample59285 -Node: History63419 -Node: Texinfo Mode65471 -Node: Texinfo Mode Overview66848 -Node: Emacs Editing67618 -Node: Inserting69762 -Node: Showing the Structure74049 -Node: Updating Nodes and Menus76370 -Node: Updating Commands77449 -Node: Updating Requirements83453 -Node: Other Updating Commands85842 -Node: Info Formatting89108 -Node: Printing90374 -Node: Texinfo Mode Summary92682 -Node: Beginning a File97376 -Node: Sample Beginning98795 -Node: Texinfo File Header100392 -Node: First Line101856 -Node: Start of Header102887 -Node: setfilename103878 -Node: settitle106383 -Node: End of Header108644 -Node: Document Permissions108928 -Node: copying109559 -Node: insertcopying112113 -Node: Titlepage & Copyright Page113648 -Node: titlepage115327 -Ref: titlepage-Footnote-1117834 -Node: titlefont center sp118120 -Node: title subtitle author119802 -Node: Copyright122576 -Node: end titlepage124105 -Node: headings on off125759 -Node: Contents127829 -Node: The Top Node131059 -Node: Top Node Example132363 -Node: Master Menu Parts132748 -Node: Global Document Commands134558 -Node: documentdescription135314 -Node: setchapternewpage136130 -Node: paragraphindent139016 -Node: firstparagraphindent140290 -Node: exampleindent141558 -Node: Software Copying Permissions142582 -Node: Ending a File143640 -Node: Printing Indices & Menus144215 -Node: File End147315 -Node: Structuring148001 -Node: Tree Structuring149660 -Node: Structuring Command Types151079 -Node: makeinfo top153574 -Node: chapter154365 -Node: unnumbered & appendix155395 -Node: majorheading & chapheading156246 -Node: section157073 -Node: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading157843 -Node: subsection158840 -Node: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading159418 -Node: subsubsection160379 -Node: Raise/lower sections161937 -Node: Nodes164113 -Node: Two Paths165323 -Node: Node Menu Illustration166659 -Node: node170467 -Node: Node Names173226 -Node: Writing a Node174610 -Node: Node Line Tips176656 -Node: Node Line Requirements177460 -Node: First Node179617 -Node: makeinfo top command181435 -Node: makeinfo Pointer Creation182716 -Node: anchor184345 -Node: Menus185821 -Node: Menu Location186887 -Node: Writing a Menu188518 -Node: Menu Parts189581 -Node: Less Cluttered Menu Entry190745 -Node: Menu Example191376 -Node: Other Info Files192886 -Node: Cross References194738 -Node: References195709 -Node: Cross Reference Commands197481 -Node: Cross Reference Parts198546 -Node: xref201402 -Node: Reference Syntax202207 -Node: One Argument203844 -Node: Two Arguments204871 -Node: Three Arguments205996 -Node: Four and Five Arguments208397 -Node: Top Node Naming210819 -Node: ref211835 -Node: pxref213256 -Node: inforef215624 -Node: uref216935 -Node: Marking Text219685 -Node: Indicating220338 -Node: Useful Highlighting222478 -Node: code224101 -Node: kbd227343 -Node: key229563 -Node: samp230907 -Node: verb232388 -Node: var233377 -Node: env235351 -Node: file235862 -Node: command236483 -Node: option237189 -Node: dfn237709 -Node: cite238633 -Node: acronym239101 -Node: indicateurl240384 -Node: email241082 -Node: Emphasis241938 -Node: emph & strong242775 -Node: Smallcaps243990 -Node: Fonts245336 -Node: Quotations and Examples246492 -Node: Block Enclosing Commands248177 -Node: quotation250364 -Node: example252002 -Node: verbatim254321 -Node: verbatiminclude256091 -Node: lisp257085 -Ref: lisp-Footnote-1257824 -Node: small257942 -Node: display259473 -Node: format260275 -Node: exdent260921 -Node: flushleft & flushright262011 -Node: noindent263286 -Node: indent265150 -Node: cartouche266194 -Node: Lists and Tables267390 -Node: Introducing Lists268079 -Node: itemize269741 -Node: enumerate272019 -Node: Two-column Tables274517 -Node: table275214 -Node: ftable vtable277892 -Node: itemx278989 -Node: Multi-column Tables280175 -Node: Multitable Column Widths280884 -Node: Multitable Rows282366 -Node: Special Displays284419 -Node: Floats285208 -Node: float286105 -Ref: fig:ex1286779 -Node: caption shortcaption288050 -Node: listoffloats289361 -Node: Images290764 -Node: Image Syntax291199 -Node: Image Scaling293804 -Node: Footnotes295528 -Ref: Footnotes-Footnote-1296094 -Node: Footnote Commands296374 -Ref: Footnote Commands-Footnote-1298251 -Node: Footnote Styles298287 -Node: Indices300902 -Node: Index Entries302116 -Node: Predefined Indices303241 -Node: Indexing Commands305350 -Node: Combining Indices308063 -Node: syncodeindex309416 -Node: synindex311064 -Node: New Indices311601 -Node: Insertions313370 -Node: Atsign Braces Comma314497 -Node: Inserting an Atsign315065 -Node: Inserting Braces315337 -Node: Inserting a Comma315756 -Node: Inserting Space316790 -Node: Not Ending a Sentence317307 -Node: Ending a Sentence318919 -Node: Multiple Spaces319943 -Node: dmn321234 -Node: Inserting Accents322459 -Node: Dots Bullets324462 -Node: dots325278 -Node: bullet325901 -Node: TeX and copyright326310 -Node: tex326986 -Node: copyright symbol327803 -Node: registered symbol328113 -Node: pounds328435 -Node: minus328806 -Node: math329725 -Node: Glyphs331073 -Node: Glyphs Summary332179 -Node: result332804 -Node: expansion333314 -Node: Print Glyph334276 -Node: Error Glyph335168 -Node: Equivalence336022 -Node: Point Glyph336772 -Node: Breaks338343 -Node: Break Commands339827 -Node: Line Breaks340723 -Node: - and hyphenation341697 -Node: w342963 -Node: tie344071 -Node: sp344975 -Node: page345394 -Node: group345779 -Node: need347531 -Node: Definition Commands348269 -Node: Def Cmd Template349920 -Node: Def Cmd Continuation Lines352645 -Node: Optional Arguments354456 -Node: deffnx356063 -Node: Def Cmds in Detail357006 -Node: Functions Commands358124 -Node: Variables Commands361026 -Node: Typed Functions363169 -Node: Typed Variables366674 -Node: Data Types368395 -Node: Abstract Objects369686 -Node: Object-Oriented Variables370293 -Node: Object-Oriented Methods372926 -Node: Def Cmd Conventions376737 -Node: Sample Function Definition377308 -Node: Conditionals380144 -Node: Conditional Commands381338 -Node: Conditional Not Commands383229 -Node: Raw Formatter Commands384513 -Node: set clear value387141 -Node: set value388355 -Node: ifset ifclear389957 -Node: value Example392088 -Node: Conditional Nesting394105 -Node: Internationalization395646 -Node: documentlanguage396182 -Node: documentencoding400369 -Node: Defining New Texinfo Commands401861 -Node: Defining Macros403039 -Node: Invoking Macros405417 -Node: Macro Details407218 -Node: alias409796 -Node: definfoenclose411220 -Node: Hardcopy413968 -Node: Use TeX416044 -Node: Format with tex/texindex416677 -Node: Format with texi2dvi421043 -Node: Print with lpr422614 -Node: Within Emacs424773 -Node: Texinfo Mode Printing425664 -Node: Compile-Command429333 -Node: Requirements Summary430215 -Node: Preparing for TeX431555 -Ref: Preparing for TeX-Footnote-1435308 -Node: Overfull hboxes435407 -Node: smallbook437566 -Node: A4 Paper438772 -Node: pagesizes439708 -Node: Cropmarks and Magnification440902 -Node: PDF Output442971 -Node: Obtaining TeX444127 -Node: Creating and Installing Info Files445104 -Node: Creating an Info File445498 -Node: makeinfo advantages446726 -Node: Invoking makeinfo447662 -Node: makeinfo options448228 -Node: Pointer Validation457295 -Node: makeinfo in Emacs460427 -Node: texinfo-format commands462910 -Node: Batch Formatting464197 -Node: Tag and Split Files465409 -Node: Installing an Info File468806 -Node: Directory File469645 -Node: New Info File471444 -Ref: New Info File-Footnote-1472558 -Node: Other Info Directories472639 -Ref: Other Info Directories-Footnote-1476914 -Ref: Other Info Directories-Footnote-2477041 -Node: Installing Dir Entries477102 -Node: Invoking install-info479764 -Node: Generating HTML482661 -Node: HTML Translation483442 -Node: HTML Splitting484824 -Node: HTML CSS486507 -Node: HTML Xref489996 -Node: HTML Xref Link Basics491203 -Node: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion494026 -Node: HTML Xref Command Expansion496579 -Node: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion499584 -Node: HTML Xref Mismatch500818 -Node: Command List502636 -Node: Command Syntax545467 -Node: Tips548476 -Node: Sample Texinfo Files559473 -Node: Short Sample Texinfo File559939 -Node: GNU Sample Texts561534 -Node: Verbatim Copying License566809 -Node: All-permissive Copying License567911 -Node: Include Files568941 -Node: Using Include Files570052 -Node: texinfo-multiple-files-update572604 -Node: Include Files Requirements574972 -Node: Sample Include File576226 -Node: Include Files Evolution577463 -Node: Headings579443 -Node: Headings Introduced580100 -Node: Heading Format581977 -Node: Heading Choice584421 -Node: Custom Headings585799 -Node: Catching Mistakes589906 -Node: makeinfo Preferred591213 -Node: Debugging with Info592098 -Node: Debugging with TeX595442 -Node: Using texinfo-show-structure599705 -Node: Using occur602795 -Node: Running Info-Validate604336 -Node: Using Info-validate605403 -Node: Unsplit607213 -Node: Tagifying608272 -Node: Splitting609134 -Node: Copying This Manual610762 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License611025 -Node: Command and Variable Index633432 -Node: Concept Index662680 +Node: Top1639 +Node: Copying Conditions26594 +Node: Overview28656 +Ref: Overview-Footnote-130030 +Node: Reporting Bugs30487 +Node: Using Texinfo31751 +Node: Output Formats33335 +Node: Info Files38641 +Ref: Info Files-Footnote-143043 +Node: Printed Books43222 +Ref: Printed Books-Footnote-146064 +Node: Formatting Commands46398 +Ref: Formatting Commands-Footnote-149253 +Node: Conventions49861 +Node: Comments52467 +Node: Minimum54092 +Node: Six Parts56649 +Node: Short Sample58271 +Node: History62410 +Node: Texinfo Mode64456 +Node: Texinfo Mode Overview65828 +Node: Emacs Editing66593 +Node: Inserting68734 +Node: Showing the Structure73001 +Node: Updating Nodes and Menus75319 +Node: Updating Commands76393 +Node: Updating Requirements82390 +Node: Other Updating Commands84774 +Node: Info Formatting88035 +Node: Printing89296 +Node: Texinfo Mode Summary91599 +Node: Beginning a File96276 +Node: Sample Beginning97690 +Node: Texinfo File Header99312 +Node: First Line100771 +Node: Start of Header101797 +Node: setfilename102783 +Node: settitle105283 +Node: End of Header107539 +Node: Document Permissions107818 +Node: copying108444 +Node: insertcopying111112 +Node: Titlepage & Copyright Page112301 +Node: titlepage113975 +Ref: titlepage-Footnote-1116477 +Node: titlefont center sp116763 +Node: title subtitle author118440 +Node: Copyright121209 +Node: end titlepage122732 +Node: headings on off124518 +Node: Contents126483 +Node: The Top Node129708 +Node: Top Node Example130919 +Node: Master Menu Parts131318 +Node: Global Document Commands133123 +Node: documentdescription133874 +Node: setchapternewpage134685 +Node: paragraphindent137566 +Node: firstparagraphindent138835 +Node: exampleindent140098 +Node: Software Copying Permissions141258 +Node: Ending a File142311 +Node: Printing Indices & Menus142881 +Node: File End145976 +Node: Structuring146657 +Node: Tree Structuring148311 +Node: Structuring Command Types149725 +Node: makeinfo top152215 +Node: chapter153001 +Node: unnumbered & appendix154026 +Node: majorheading & chapheading154634 +Node: section155456 +Node: unnumberedsec appendixsec heading156484 +Node: subsection157689 +Node: unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading158274 +Node: subsubsection159451 +Node: Raise/lower sections161253 +Node: Nodes163424 +Node: Two Paths164629 +Node: Node Menu Illustration165960 +Node: node169763 +Node: Node Names172830 +Node: Writing a Node174269 +Node: Node Line Tips176602 +Node: Node Line Requirements177401 +Node: First Node179553 +Node: makeinfo top command180978 +Node: makeinfo Pointer Creation182254 +Node: anchor184148 +Node: Menus185738 +Node: Menu Location186804 +Node: Writing a Menu188434 +Node: Menu Parts189753 +Node: Less Cluttered Menu Entry190912 +Node: Menu Example191538 +Node: Other Info Files193043 +Node: Cross References194890 +Node: References195856 +Node: Cross Reference Commands197623 +Node: Cross Reference Parts198683 +Node: xref201694 +Node: Reference Syntax202494 +Node: One Argument204126 +Node: Two Arguments205148 +Node: Three Arguments206268 +Node: Four and Five Arguments208664 +Node: Top Node Naming211081 +Node: ref212092 +Node: pxref213679 +Node: inforef216215 +Node: uref217591 +Node: Marking Text220323 +Node: Indicating220971 +Node: Useful Highlighting223173 +Node: code225345 +Node: kbd228765 +Node: key230980 +Node: samp232438 +Node: verb233914 +Node: var235030 +Node: env236999 +Node: file237505 +Node: command238121 +Node: option238822 +Node: dfn239337 +Node: cite240256 +Node: abbr240716 +Node: acronym242142 +Node: indicateurl244473 +Node: email245166 +Node: Emphasis246017 +Node: emph & strong246849 +Node: Smallcaps248059 +Node: Fonts249395 +Node: Quotations and Examples251750 +Node: Block Enclosing Commands253504 +Node: quotation255686 +Node: example257260 +Node: verbatim259574 +Node: verbatiminclude261404 +Node: lisp262518 +Ref: lisp-Footnote-1263252 +Node: small263370 +Node: display264896 +Node: format266000 +Node: exdent266641 +Node: flushleft & flushright267728 +Node: noindent268998 +Node: indent270857 +Node: cartouche271896 +Node: Lists and Tables273087 +Node: Introducing Lists273771 +Node: itemize275428 +Node: enumerate277701 +Node: Two-column Tables280194 +Node: table280886 +Node: ftable vtable283559 +Node: itemx284651 +Node: Multi-column Tables285832 +Node: Multitable Column Widths286536 +Node: Multitable Rows288013 +Node: Special Displays290152 +Node: Floats290936 +Node: float291828 +Ref: fig:ex1292497 +Node: caption shortcaption293769 +Node: listoffloats295352 +Node: Images296750 +Node: Image Syntax297180 +Node: Image Scaling300421 +Node: Footnotes302140 +Ref: Footnotes-Footnote-1302701 +Node: Footnote Commands302981 +Ref: Footnote Commands-Footnote-1304853 +Node: Footnote Styles304889 +Node: Indices307499 +Node: Index Entries308708 +Node: Predefined Indices309828 +Node: Indexing Commands311932 +Node: Combining Indices314640 +Node: syncodeindex315988 +Node: synindex317631 +Node: New Indices318163 +Node: Insertions319927 +Node: Atsign Braces Comma321467 +Node: Inserting an Atsign322041 +Node: Inserting Braces322308 +Node: Inserting a Comma322719 +Node: Inserting Quote Characters323750 +Node: Inserting Space325263 +Node: Not Ending a Sentence325850 +Node: Ending a Sentence327298 +Node: Multiple Spaces328317 +Node: frenchspacing329613 +Node: dmn331551 +Node: Inserting Accents332769 +Node: Inserting Quotation Marks334891 +Node: Dots Bullets338783 +Node: dots339602 +Node: bullet340217 +Node: TeX and copyright340621 +Node: tex341290 +Node: copyright symbol342102 +Node: registered symbol342407 +Node: euro342724 +Node: pounds344260 +Node: textdegree344557 +Node: minus344876 +Node: geq leq345799 +Node: math346188 +Node: Click Sequences348122 +Node: Glyphs349168 +Node: Glyphs Summary350282 +Node: result350904 +Node: expansion351411 +Node: Print Glyph352370 +Node: Error Glyph353259 +Node: Equivalence354110 +Node: Point Glyph354857 +Node: Breaks356425 +Node: Break Commands357979 +Node: Line Breaks358870 +Node: - and hyphenation359839 +Node: allowcodebreaks361165 +Node: w362395 +Node: tie363496 +Node: sp364395 +Node: page364809 +Node: group365189 +Node: need366936 +Node: Definition Commands367671 +Node: Def Cmd Template369317 +Node: Def Cmd Continuation Lines372157 +Node: Optional Arguments373963 +Node: deffnx375565 +Node: Def Cmds in Detail376503 +Node: Functions Commands377616 +Node: Variables Commands380513 +Node: Typed Functions382651 +Node: Typed Variables386151 +Node: Data Types387867 +Node: Abstract Objects389153 +Node: Object-Oriented Variables389755 +Node: Object-Oriented Methods392383 +Node: Def Cmd Conventions396189 +Node: Sample Function Definition396755 +Node: Conditionals399586 +Node: Conditional Commands400775 +Node: Conditional Not Commands402661 +Node: Raw Formatter Commands403940 +Node: set clear value406563 +Node: set value407773 +Node: ifset ifclear409370 +Node: value Example411496 +Node: Conditional Nesting413508 +Node: Internationalization415044 +Node: documentlanguage415575 +Node: documentencoding418368 +Node: Defining New Texinfo Commands421345 +Node: Defining Macros422518 +Node: Invoking Macros424891 +Node: Macro Details428275 +Node: alias432306 +Node: definfoenclose433725 +Node: Hardcopy436467 +Node: Use TeX438538 +Node: Format with tex/texindex439166 +Node: Format with texi2dvi443470 +Node: Print with lpr446979 +Node: Within Emacs449133 +Node: Texinfo Mode Printing450019 +Node: Compile-Command453683 +Node: Requirements Summary454560 +Node: Preparing for TeX455895 +Ref: Preparing for TeX-Footnote-1459910 +Node: Overfull hboxes460009 +Node: smallbook462163 +Node: A4 Paper463364 +Node: pagesizes464295 +Node: Cropmarks and Magnification465484 +Node: PDF Output467548 +Node: Obtaining TeX469129 +Node: Creating and Installing Info Files470103 +Node: Creating an Info File470492 +Node: makeinfo advantages471715 +Node: Invoking makeinfo472646 +Node: makeinfo options473207 +Node: Pointer Validation482812 +Node: makeinfo in Emacs486000 +Node: texinfo-format commands488478 +Node: Batch Formatting489760 +Node: Tag and Split Files490967 +Node: Installing an Info File494359 +Node: Directory File495193 +Node: New Info File496987 +Ref: New Info File-Footnote-1498096 +Node: Other Info Directories498177 +Ref: Other Info Directories-Footnote-1502447 +Ref: Other Info Directories-Footnote-2502574 +Node: Installing Dir Entries502635 +Node: Invoking install-info505826 +Node: Generating HTML512434 +Node: HTML Translation513210 +Node: HTML Splitting514587 +Node: HTML CSS516265 +Node: HTML Xref519949 +Node: HTML Xref Link Basics521151 +Node: HTML Xref Node Name Expansion524191 +Node: HTML Xref Command Expansion527282 +Node: HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion530334 +Node: HTML Xref Mismatch532667 +Node: Command List534480 +Node: Command Syntax578272 +Node: Tips581154 +Node: Sample Texinfo Files592146 +Node: Short Sample Texinfo File592607 +Node: GNU Sample Texts594197 +Node: Verbatim Copying License599694 +Node: All-permissive Copying License600790 +Node: Include Files601815 +Node: Using Include Files602921 +Node: texinfo-multiple-files-update605468 +Node: Include Files Requirements607831 +Node: Sample Include File609080 +Node: Include Files Evolution610312 +Node: Headings612287 +Node: Headings Introduced612939 +Node: Heading Format614811 +Node: Heading Choice617250 +Node: Custom Headings618623 +Node: Catching Mistakes624284 +Node: makeinfo Preferred625597 +Node: Debugging with Info626477 +Node: Debugging with TeX629816 +Node: Using texinfo-show-structure634074 +Node: Using occur637159 +Node: Running Info-Validate638695 +Node: Using Info-validate639757 +Node: Unsplit641562 +Node: Tagifying642616 +Node: Splitting643473 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License645096 +Node: Command and Variable Index667546 +Node: General Index700891 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/web2c.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/web2c.info index 813482e96b5..c10f40efd81 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/web2c.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/web2c.info @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ -This is web2c.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from web2c.texi. +This is web2c.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from web2c.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* Web2c: (web2c). TeX, Metafont, and companion programs. +* Web2c: (web2c). TeX, Metafont, and companion programs. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * bibtex: (web2c)bibtex invocation. Maintaining bibliographies. * dmp: (web2c)dmp invocation. Troff->MPX (MetaPost pictures). * dvicopy: (web2c)dvicopy invocation. Virtual font expansion @@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ Web2c This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It -corresponds to Web2c version 7.5.6, released in January 2007. +corresponds to Web2c version 7.5.7, released in July 2008. * Menu: @@ -83,8 +86,8 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Installation, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Introduction ************** -This manual corresponds to version 7.5.6 of Web2c, released in -January 2007. +This manual corresponds to version 7.5.7 of Web2c, released in +July 2008. "Web2c" is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix, but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By @@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Installation, Next: Commonalities, Prev: Introduction Installing Web2c is mostly the same as installing any other Kpathsea-using program. Therefore, for the basic steps involved, see -*Note Installation: (kpathsea)Installation. (A copy is in the file +*note Installation: (kpathsea)Installation. (A copy is in the file `kpathsea/INSTALL'.) One peculiarity to Web2c is that the source distribution comes in two @@ -176,7 +179,7 @@ to report a bug, see the file `kpathsea/BUGS' (*note Bugs: install the basic fonts, macros, and other library files. *Note Installation: (kpathsea)Installation. - * If you do not wish to use the standard file locations, see *Note + * If you do not wish to use the standard file locations, see *note Changing search paths: (kpathsea)Changing search paths. * Some Web2c features are enabled or disabled at `configure' time, @@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ package-specific options come last. For a description of the generic options (which mainly allow you to specify installation directories) and basic `configure' usage, see -*Note Running `configure' scripts: (autoconf)Invoking configure, a copy +*note Running `configure' scripts: (autoconf)Invoking configure, a copy is in the file `kpathsea/CONFIGURE'. `--disable-dump-share' @@ -636,7 +639,7 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Three programs, Prev: Output file location, Up: Commo TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common. Besides the ones here, the common command-line options are described in the previous section. The configuration file options that let you -control some array sizes and other features are described in *Note +control some array sizes and other features are described in *note Runtime options::. * Menu: @@ -1216,7 +1219,7 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Languages and hyphenation, Next: IPC and TeX, Prev: F 4.4 Languages and hyphenation ============================= -TeX supports most natural languages. See also *Note TeX extensions: +TeX supports most natural languages. See also *note TeX extensions: TeX extensions. * Menu: @@ -1493,7 +1496,7 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: TeX extensions, Prev: IPC and TeX, Up: TeX The base TeX program has been extended in many ways. Here's a partial list. Please send information on extensions not listed here to the -address in *Note Reporting bugs: (kpathsea)Reporting bugs. +address in *note Reporting bugs: (kpathsea)Reporting bugs. e-TeX Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting. @@ -1649,11 +1652,11 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Initial Metafont, Next: Modes, Prev: mf invocation, `inimf' is the "initial" form of Metafont, which does lengthy initializations avoided by the "virgin" (`vir') form, so as to be capable of dumping `.base' files (*note Memory dumps::). For a -detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see *Note Initial and +detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see *note Initial and virgin::. In past releases, a separate program `inimf' was installed to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case. - For a list of options and other information, see *Note mf + For a list of options and other information, see *note mf invocation::. The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default @@ -1665,7 +1668,7 @@ hand if necessary (e.g., if a Metafont update is issued): shell.) Then install the resulting `plain.base' in `$(basedir)' (`/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c' by default), and link `mf.base' to it. - For an explanation of the additional `modes.mf' file, see *Note + For an explanation of the additional `modes.mf' file, see *note Modes::. This file has no counterpart in TeX or MetaPost. In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file @@ -1713,7 +1716,7 @@ characteristics dynamically, by invoking Metafont with an assignment to This is most useful when you are working on the definition of a new mode. - The MAGNIFICATION and MFNAME arguments are explained in *Note mf + The MAGNIFICATION and MFNAME arguments are explained in *note mf invocation::. In the file `newmode.mf', you should have the following (with no `mode_def' or `enddef'), if you are using `modes.mf' conventions: @@ -1828,7 +1831,7 @@ the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the program. The suffix `gf' is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no `.' precedes it: for instance `cmr10.600gf'. +not an extension, no `.' precedes it; for instance, `cmr10.600gf'. The output filename is the basename of GFNAME extended with `.dvi', e.g., `gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf' creates `./foo.dvi'. @@ -1852,12 +1855,22 @@ with labels, titles, and annotations, as specified in Appendix H * "slant font" (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. - To change the default fonts, you must use `special' commands in your -Metafont source file. +Metafont source file, typically via commands like `slantfont slantlj4'. +There is no default slant font since no one printer is suitable as a +default. You can make your own by copying one of the existing files, +such as `.../fonts/source/public/misc/slantlj4.mf' and then running +`mf' on it. + + For testing purposes, you may it useful to run `mf rtest' (hit +RETURN when it stops) to get a `gf' file of a thorn glyph. Or use +`mfw' instead of `mf' to have the glyph(s) displayed on the screen. +After that, `gftodvi rtest.2602gf' should produce `rtest.dvi', which +you process as usual. The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard `-verbose', `-help', and `-version' (*note Common options::): + `-overflow-label-offset=POINTS' Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, POINTS TeX points from the right edge of the character bounding box. The default is @@ -1937,7 +1950,7 @@ D.E. Knuth.) contains only MFT directives as described above. The default style file is named `plain.mft', which defines this properly for programs using plain Metafont. The MFT files is searched along the - `MFTINPUTS' path; see *Note Supported file formats: + `MFTINPUTS' path; see *note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats. Other examples of MFT style files are `cmbase.mft', which defines @@ -2112,11 +2125,11 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Initial MetaPost, Next: makempx invocation, Prev: mpo `inimpost' is the "initial" form of MetaPost, which does lengthy initializations avoided by the "virgin" (`vir') form, so as to be capable of dumping `.mem' files (*note Memory dumps::). For a detailed -comparison of virgin and initial forms, see *Note Initial and virgin::. +comparison of virgin and initial forms, see *note Initial and virgin::. In past releases, a separate program `inimpost' was installed for the initial form, but this is no longer the case. - For a list of options and other information, see *Note mpost + For a list of options and other information, see *note mpost invocation::. The principal memory dump file used with MetaPost is the default, @@ -2138,8 +2151,8 @@ similar to those produced with Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI Another MetaPost mem file, named MetaFun, provides many advanced features. It was developed and maintained by Pragma ADE. The home -page for MetaFun, and other MetaPost-related things from Pragma: -`http://www.pragma-ade.com/metapost.htm'. +page for MetaFun, other MetaPost-related things, and lots more from +Pragma: `http://www.pragma-ade.com/'. File: web2c.info, Node: makempx invocation, Next: dvitomp invocation, Prev: Initial MetaPost, Up: MetaPost @@ -2256,6 +2269,9 @@ If MPXFILE is not specified, the output goes to the basename of DVIFILE extended with `.mpx', e.g., `dvitomp /wherever/foo.dvi' creates `./foo.mpx'. + DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as `color push +NAME' and `color pop', outputting them as `withcolor' MetaPost commands. + The only options are `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::). @@ -2950,7 +2966,7 @@ obsolete. Font files with the `.pl' (property list) suffix are the plain text (human-readable) analog of the binary `.tfm' files. The TFtoPL and PLtoTF programs convert between the two formats (*note tftopl -invocation:: and *Note pltotf invocation::). +invocation:: and *note pltotf invocation::). Font files with the `.mf' suffix are in Metafont source format. These are the files used by Metafont to generate rastered fonts for @@ -2958,10 +2974,10 @@ specific typefaces at specific magnifications for the specific resolution and type of mapping used by your device. The suffix `.vf' identifies "virtual font" files, for which `.vpl' -is the human-readable analog. See *Note vftovp invocation::, and *Note +is the human-readable analog. See *Note vftovp invocation::, and *note vptovf invocation::. For further discussion of virtual fonts, see `CTAN:/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth', `CTAN:/help/virtualfonts.txt', and -*Note Virtual fonts: (dvips)Virtual fonts. +*note Virtual fonts: (dvips)Virtual fonts. (This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.) @@ -3482,7 +3498,7 @@ items: `CTAN:/fonts/utilities/ps2pk'. * PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB - formats): `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/t1utils.tar.gz'. + formats): `http://www.lcdf.org/type'. * Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.: @@ -3756,7 +3772,7 @@ Index (line 15) * -output-directory: Common options. (line 67) * -output-level=N: dvitype invocation. (line 36) -* -overflow-label-offset=POINTS: gftodvi invocation. (line 49) +* -overflow-label-offset=POINTS: gftodvi invocation. (line 59) * -page-start=PAGE-SPEC <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 50) * -page-start=PAGE-SPEC: dvicopy invocation. (line 28) * -parse-first-line: Common options. (line 77) @@ -3925,6 +3941,7 @@ Index * cmbase.mf: Initial Metafont. (line 28) * cmbase.mft: mft invocation. (line 75) * cmmf.base not recommended: Initial Metafont. (line 28) +* color, in DVItoMP: dvitomp invocation. (line 16) * comments, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 71) * comments, MFT control: mft invocation. (line 24) * common options: Common options. (line 6) @@ -4334,7 +4351,7 @@ Index * non-Unix system, compiling on: Additional targets. (line 12) * NUL, not allowed in filenames: \input filenames. (line 35) * octal character codes, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 78) -* offset for overflow labels: gftodvi invocation. (line 49) +* offset for overflow labels: gftodvi invocation. (line 59) * older-than, file comparisons: newer invocation. (line 6) * Omega: TeX extensions. (line 16) * online Metafont graphics: Online Metafont graphics. @@ -4350,7 +4367,7 @@ Index (line 6) * output files, written by TeX programs: tex invocation. (line 51) * output_comment for DVI files: tex invocation. (line 120) -* overflow label offset: gftodvi invocation. (line 49) +* overflow label offset: gftodvi invocation. (line 59) * packet length: pktype invocation. (line 50) * page, starting <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 50) * page, starting: dvicopy invocation. (line 28) @@ -4671,78 +4688,78 @@ Index Tag Table: -Node: Top2979 -Node: Introduction3977 -Node: Installation7157 -Node: configure options9321 -Node: Compile-time options11403 -Node: Additional targets12529 -Node: Triptrap13810 -Node: Runtime options15339 -Node: Commonalities17111 -Node: Option conventions17716 -Node: Common options18940 -Node: Path searching23452 -Node: Output file location24474 -Node: Three programs25514 -Node: Initial and virgin26273 -Node: Memory dumps27373 -Node: Creating memory dumps27840 -Node: Determining the memory dump to use29101 -Node: Hardware and memory dumps30725 -Node: Editor invocation33194 -Node: \input filenames33924 -Node: TeX36917 -Node: tex invocation38007 -Node: Initial TeX45939 -Node: Formats47428 -Node: Languages and hyphenation50367 -Node: MLTeX50795 -Node: \charsubdef52290 -Node: \tracingcharsubdef54616 -Node: TCX files55191 -Node: patgen invocation60615 -Node: IPC and TeX61332 -Node: TeX extensions61933 -Node: Metafont63234 -Node: mf invocation64522 -Node: Initial Metafont68405 -Node: Modes70158 -Node: Online Metafont graphics72413 -Node: gftodvi invocation75686 -Node: mft invocation77945 -Node: MetaPost82000 -Node: mpost invocation83021 -Node: Initial MetaPost88206 -Node: makempx invocation90018 -Node: dvitomp invocation94023 -Node: dmp invocation94652 -Node: mpto invocation98673 -Node: newer invocation99655 -Node: BibTeX100592 -Node: bibtex invocation100953 -Node: Basic BibTeX style files103278 -Node: WEB104620 -Node: tangle invocation105903 -Node: weave invocation108026 -Node: pooltype invocation109434 -Node: DVI utilities110564 -Node: dvicopy invocation111508 -Node: dvitype invocation112806 -Node: dvitype output example115161 -Node: Font utilities118212 -Node: Font file formats119392 -Node: gftopk invocation122691 -Node: pktogf invocation123895 -Node: pktype invocation125074 -Node: gftype invocation127909 -Node: tftopl invocation132425 -Node: pltotf invocation137059 -Node: vftovp invocation138124 -Node: vptovf invocation140408 -Node: Font utilities available elsewhere141462 -Node: Legalisms143882 -Node: References146053 -Node: Index150438 +Node: Top3053 +Node: Introduction4048 +Node: Installation7225 +Node: configure options9389 +Node: Compile-time options11471 +Node: Additional targets12597 +Node: Triptrap13878 +Node: Runtime options15407 +Node: Commonalities17179 +Node: Option conventions17784 +Node: Common options19008 +Node: Path searching23520 +Node: Output file location24542 +Node: Three programs25582 +Node: Initial and virgin26341 +Node: Memory dumps27441 +Node: Creating memory dumps27908 +Node: Determining the memory dump to use29169 +Node: Hardware and memory dumps30793 +Node: Editor invocation33262 +Node: \input filenames33992 +Node: TeX36985 +Node: tex invocation38075 +Node: Initial TeX46007 +Node: Formats47496 +Node: Languages and hyphenation50435 +Node: MLTeX50863 +Node: \charsubdef52358 +Node: \tracingcharsubdef54684 +Node: TCX files55259 +Node: patgen invocation60683 +Node: IPC and TeX61400 +Node: TeX extensions62001 +Node: Metafont63302 +Node: mf invocation64590 +Node: Initial Metafont68473 +Node: Modes70226 +Node: Online Metafont graphics72481 +Node: gftodvi invocation75754 +Node: mft invocation78576 +Node: MetaPost82631 +Node: mpost invocation83652 +Node: Initial MetaPost88837 +Node: makempx invocation90648 +Node: dvitomp invocation94653 +Node: dmp invocation95424 +Node: mpto invocation99445 +Node: newer invocation100427 +Node: BibTeX101364 +Node: bibtex invocation101725 +Node: Basic BibTeX style files104050 +Node: WEB105392 +Node: tangle invocation106675 +Node: weave invocation108798 +Node: pooltype invocation110206 +Node: DVI utilities111336 +Node: dvicopy invocation112280 +Node: dvitype invocation113578 +Node: dvitype output example115933 +Node: Font utilities118984 +Node: Font file formats120164 +Node: gftopk invocation123463 +Node: pktogf invocation124667 +Node: pktype invocation125846 +Node: gftype invocation128681 +Node: tftopl invocation133197 +Node: pltotf invocation137831 +Node: vftovp invocation138896 +Node: vptovf invocation141180 +Node: Font utilities available elsewhere142234 +Node: Legalisms144642 +Node: References146813 +Node: Index151198 End Tag Table diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html b/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html index abb9e80ca55..499c0bc006c 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html @@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ <title>Kpathsea: A library for path searching</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="Kpathsea: A library for path searching"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- This file documents the Kpathsea library for path searching. Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, -2004, 2005, 2007 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber. +2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are @@ -41,6 +41,129 @@ approved by the Free Software Foundation.--> </head> <body> <h1 class="settitle">Kpathsea: A library for path searching</h1> +<div class="contents"> +<h2>Table of Contents</h2> +<ul> +<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Kpathsea library</a> +<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#History">1.1 History</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Simple-installation">2.1 Simple installation</a> +<li><a href="#Custom-installation">2.2 Custom installation</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Disk-space">2.2.1 Disk space</a> +<li><a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">2.2.2 Kpathsea application distributions</a> +<li><a href="#Changing-search-paths">2.2.3 Changing search paths</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Default-path-features">2.2.3.1 Default path features</a> +<li><a href="#Default-path-generation">2.2.3.2 Default path generation</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Running-configure">2.2.4 Running <code>configure</code></a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#configure-shells">2.2.4.1 <code>configure</code> shells</a> +<li><a href="#configure-options">2.2.4.2 <code>configure</code> options</a> +<li><a href="#configure-environment">2.2.4.3 <code>configure</code> environment</a> +<li><a href="#configure-scenarios">2.2.4.4 <code>configure</code> scenarios</a> +<li><a href="#Shared-library">2.2.4.5 Shared library</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Running-make">2.2.5 Running <code>make</code></a> +<li><a href="#Installing-files">2.2.6 Installing files</a> +<li><a href="#Cleaning-up">2.2.7 Cleaning up</a> +<li><a href="#Filename-database-generation">2.2.8 Filename database generation</a> +<li><a href="#mktex-scripts">2.2.9 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#mktex-configuration">2.2.9.1 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> configuration</a> +<li><a href="#mktex-script-names">2.2.9.2 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</a> +<li><a href="#mktex-script-arguments">2.2.9.3 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script arguments</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Installation-testing">2.2.10 Installation testing</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Security">2.3 Security</a> +<li><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">2.4 TeX directory structure</a> +<li><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">2.5 <samp><span class="file">unixtex.ftp</span></samp>: Obtaining TeX</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Electronic-distribution">2.5.1 Electronic distribution</a> +<li><a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">2.5.2 CD-ROM distribution</a> +<li><a href="#Other-TeX-packages">2.5.3 Other TeX packages</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Reporting-bugs">2.6 Reporting bugs</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Bug-checklist">2.6.1 Bug checklist</a> +<li><a href="#Mailing-lists">2.6.2 Mailing lists</a> +<li><a href="#Debugging">2.6.3 Debugging</a> +<li><a href="#Logging">2.6.4 Logging</a> +<li><a href="#Common-problems">2.6.5 Common problems</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">2.6.5.1 Unable to find files</a> +<li><a href="#Slow-path-searching">2.6.5.2 Slow path searching</a> +<li><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">2.6.5.3 Unable to generate fonts</a> +<li><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">2.6.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing</a> +<li><a href="#Empty-Makefiles">2.6.5.5 Empty Makefiles</a> +<li><a href="#XtStrings">2.6.5.6 <code>XtStrings</code></a> +<li><a href="#dlopen">2.6.5.7 <code>dlopen</code></a> +<li><a href="#ShellWidgetClass">2.6.5.8 <code>ShellWidgetClass</code></a> +<li><a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">2.6.5.9 Pointer combination warnings</a> +</li></ul> +</li></ul> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Path-searching" href="#Path-searching">3 Path searching</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Searching-overview">3.1 Searching overview</a> +<li><a href="#Path-sources">3.2 Path sources</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Config-files">3.2.1 Config files</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Path-expansion">3.3 Path expansion</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Default-expansion">3.3.1 Default expansion</a> +<li><a href="#Variable-expansion">3.3.2 Variable expansion</a> +<li><a href="#Tilde-expansion">3.3.3 Tilde expansion</a> +<li><a href="#Brace-expansion">3.3.4 Brace expansion</a> +<li><a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">3.3.5 <code>KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</a> +<li><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">3.3.6 Subdirectory expansion</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Filename-database">3.4 Filename database (<code>ls-R</code>)</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#ls_002dR">3.4.1 <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a> +<li><a href="#Filename-aliases">3.4.2 Filename aliases</a> +<li><a href="#Database-format">3.4.3 Database format</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">3.5 <code>kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Path-searching-options">3.5.1 Path searching options</a> +<li><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">3.5.2 Specially-recognized files for <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp></a> +<li><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">3.5.3 Auxiliary tasks</a> +<li><a href="#Standard-options">3.5.4 Standard options</a> +</li></ul> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_TeX-support" href="#TeX-support">4 TeX support</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Supported-file-formats">4.1 Supported file formats</a> +<li><a href="#File-lookup">4.2 File lookup</a> +<li><a href="#Glyph-lookup">4.3 Glyph lookup</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">4.3.1 Basic glyph lookup</a> +<li><a href="#Fontmap">4.3.2 Fontmap</a> +<li><a href="#Fallback-font">4.3.3 Fallback font</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">4.4 Suppressing warnings</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Programming" href="#Programming">5 Programming</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Programming-overview">5.1 Programming overview</a> +<li><a href="#Calling-sequence">5.2 Calling sequence</a> +<li><a href="#Program_002dspecific-files">5.3 Program-specific files</a> +<li><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">5.4 Programming with config files</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a> +</li></ul> +</div> + + + <div class="node"> <p><hr> <a name="Top"></a> @@ -52,8 +175,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Kpathsea library</h2> <p>This manual documents how to install and use the Kpathsea library for -filename lookup. It corresponds to version 3.5.6, -released in January 2007. +filename lookup. It corresponds to version 3.5.7, +released in July 2008. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>: Overview. @@ -79,8 +202,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2> <p><a name="index-introduction-1"></a><a name="index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea-2"></a> -This manual corresponds to version 3.5.6 of the Kpathsea -library, released in January 2007. +This manual corresponds to version 3.5.7 of the Kpathsea +library, released in July 2008. <p>The library's fundamental purpose is to return a filename from a list of directories specified by the user, similar to what shells do when @@ -89,11 +212,11 @@ looking up program names to execute. <p><a name="index-programs-using-the-library-3"></a>The following software, all of which we maintain, uses this library: <ul> -<li>Dviljk (see the `<samp><span class="samp">dvilj</span></samp>' man page) +<li>Dviljk (see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvilj</span></samp>’ man page) <li>Dvipsk (see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>) <li>GNU font utilities (see <a href="fontu.html#Top">Introduction</a>) <li>Web2c (see <a href="web2c.html#Top">Introduction</a>) -<li>Xdvik (see the `<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>' man page) +<li>Xdvik (see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>’ man page) </ul> <p class="noindent">Other software that we do not maintain also uses it. @@ -285,22 +408,22 @@ subdirectory there. <li>When using the default search paths, there is no need to edit any distribution files. See <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>. - <li>At the top level of the distribution, run `<samp><span class="samp">sh configure</span></samp>'. (If you -have the GNU Bash shell installed, run `<samp><span class="samp">bash configure</span></samp>'.) + <li>At the top level of the distribution, run ‘<samp><span class="samp">sh configure</span></samp>’. (If you +have the GNU Bash shell installed, run ‘<samp><span class="samp">bash configure</span></samp>’.) See <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>. - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">make</span></samp>'. See <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a>. If you are using a BSD 4.4 system + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">make</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a>. If you are using a BSD 4.4 system such as FreeBSD or NetBSD, you may have to use GNU make (often installed in <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/bin</span></samp>), not the BSD make. - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">make install</span></samp>'. See <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a>. + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">make install</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a>. - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">make distclean</span></samp>'. See <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a>. + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">make distclean</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a>. <li>Set up a cron job to rebuild the filename database that makes searching faster. This line will rebuild it every midnight: <pre class="example"> 0 0 * * * cd /usr/local/share/texmf && <var>/bindir</var>/mktexlsr - </pre> +</pre> <p>See <a href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a>, and <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>. <li><a name="index-printer-configuration-files-34"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-additional-35"></a><a name="index-color-printers_002c-configuring-36"></a>If you're installing Dvips, you also need to set up configuration files @@ -320,8 +443,8 @@ see <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. <p>See <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>. - <li><a name="index-fonts_002c-being-created-37"></a><a name="index-mktexpk-_0040r_007b_002c-initial-runs_007d-38"></a><a name="index-tests_002c-simple-39"></a>For some simple tests, try `<samp><span class="samp">tex story \\bye</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">latex -sample2e</span></samp>'. Then run <samp><span class="file">xdvi story</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">dvips sample2e</span></samp> on the + <li><a name="index-fonts_002c-being-created-37"></a><a name="index-mktexpk-_0040r_007b_002c-initial-runs_007d-38"></a><a name="index-tests_002c-simple-39"></a>For some simple tests, try ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex story \\bye</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex +sample2e</span></samp>’. Then run <samp><span class="file">xdvi story</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">dvips sample2e</span></samp> on the resulting DVI files to preview/print the documents. See <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a>. </ol> @@ -338,7 +461,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <p><a name="index-custom-installation-40"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-customized-41"></a> Most sites need to modify the default installation procedure in some -way, perhaps merely changing the prefix from `<samp><span class="samp">/usr/local</span></samp>', perhaps +way, perhaps merely changing the prefix from ‘<samp><span class="samp">/usr/local</span></samp>’, perhaps adding extra compiler or loader options to work around <code>configure</code> bugs. This section explains how to override default choices. For additional distribution-specific information: @@ -381,7 +504,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installati <p><a name="index-disk-space_002c-needed-47"></a><a name="index-total-disk-space-48"></a><a name="index-size-of-distribution-archives-49"></a>Here is a table showing the disk space needed for each distribution (described in the next section). The `(totals)' line reflects the -`<samp><span class="samp">texk</span></samp>' source distribution and `<samp><span class="samp">texklib</span></samp>'; the individual +‘<samp><span class="samp">texk</span></samp>’ source distribution and ‘<samp><span class="samp">texklib</span></samp>’; the individual distributions don't enter into it. Sizes are in megabytes. All numbers are approximate. @@ -411,7 +534,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installati <a name="index-distributions_002c-not-compiling-53"></a><a name="index-NeXT_002c-lacking-X11-54"></a><a name="index-X11_002c-lacking-on-NeXT-55"></a>The archive <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz</a> contains all of the Kpathsea applications I maintain, and the library itself. For example, since NeXT does not generally support X11, you'd probably want to skip -`<samp><span class="samp">xdvik</span></samp>' (or simply remove it after unpacking <samp><span class="file">texk.tar.gz</span></samp>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">xdvik</span></samp>’ (or simply remove it after unpacking <samp><span class="file">texk.tar.gz</span></samp>. If you are not interested in all of them, you can also retrieve them separately: @@ -493,9 +616,9 @@ all the variable definitions, thus overriding the submakes. (The definitions are repeated so you can run Make in the subdirectories, if you should have occasion to.) - <p><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fMODE-69"></a><a name="index-paths_002c-device-name-included-in-70"></a>By default, the bitmap font paths end with `<samp><span class="samp">/$MAKETEX_MODE</span></samp>', thus + <p><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fMODE-69"></a><a name="index-paths_002c-device-name-included-in-70"></a>By default, the bitmap font paths end with ‘<samp><span class="samp">/$MAKETEX_MODE</span></samp>’, thus including the device name (usually a Metafont mode name such as -`<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>'). This distinguishes two different devices with the same +‘<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>’). This distinguishes two different devices with the same resolution—a write/white from a write/black 300<span class="dmn">dpi</span> printer, for example. @@ -511,7 +634,7 @@ is mode-independent (e.g., <code>pktype</code>). <p>To make the paths independent of the mode, simply edit <samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp> before installation, or the installed -<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, and remove the `<samp><span class="samp">$MAKETEX_MODE</span></samp>'. +<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, and remove the ‘<samp><span class="samp">$MAKETEX_MODE</span></samp>’. <p>See <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>, for how this interacts with <code>mktexpk</code>. @@ -540,7 +663,7 @@ you can complete the installation, if it seems necessary. <p><a name="index-default-paths_002c-how-they_0027re-made-79"></a>To summarize the chain of events that go into defining the default paths: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>`<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>' creates a <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp> from each <samp><span class="file">Makefile.in</span></samp>. +<li>‘<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>’ creates a <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp> from each <samp><span class="file">Makefile.in</span></samp>. <li><a name="index-texmf_002esed-80"></a>When Make runs in the <samp><span class="file">kpathsea</span></samp> directory, it creates a file <samp><span class="file">texmf.sed</span></samp> that substitutes the Make value of <code>$(var)</code> for a @@ -579,14 +702,14 @@ one containing <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/</span></samp>), possibly using <p><code>configure</code> adapts the source distribution to the present system via <code>#define</code>'s in <samp><span class="file">*/c-auto.h</span></samp>, which are created from the corresponding <samp><span class="file">c-auto.in</span></samp>. It also creates a <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp> from -the corresponding <samp><span class="file">Makefile.in</span></samp>, doing `<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>var</var><span class="samp">@</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">ac_include</span></samp>' substitutions). +the corresponding <samp><span class="file">Makefile.in</span></samp>, doing ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>var</var><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">ac_include</span></samp>’ substitutions). <p><a name="index-README_002eCONFIGURE-90"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_002fREADME_002eCONFIGURE-91"></a><code>configure</code> is the best place to control the configuration, compilation, and installed location of the software, either via command-line options, or by setting environment variables before invoking it. For example, you can disable <code>mktexpk</code> by default -with the option `<samp><span class="samp">--disable-mktexpk</span></samp>'. +with the option ‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-mktexpk</span></samp>’. See <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a>. <ul class="menu"> @@ -641,28 +764,28 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</ <h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.4.2 <code>configure</code> options</h5> <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-105"></a> -For a complete list of all <code>configure</code> options, run `<samp><span class="samp">configure ---help</span></samp>' or see <a href="autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a>, (a copy is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE</span></samp>). -The generic options are listed first in the `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' output, and +For a complete list of all <code>configure</code> options, run ‘<samp><span class="samp">configure +--help</span></samp>’ or see <a href="autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a>, (a copy is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE</span></samp>). +The generic options are listed first in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ output, and the package-specific options come last. The environment variables <code>configure</code> pays attention to are listed below. - <p>Options particularly likely to be useful are `<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">--datadir</span></samp>', and the like; see <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>. + <p>Options particularly likely to be useful are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">--datadir</span></samp>’, and the like; see <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>. - <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith-_0040r_007boptions_007d-106"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-107"></a><a name="index-configuration-of-optional-features-108"></a><a name="index-options-to-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-109"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the `<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>' options to <code>configure</code> that Kpathsea-using programs + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith-_0040r_007boptions_007d-106"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-107"></a><a name="index-configuration-of-optional-features-108"></a><a name="index-options-to-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-109"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>’ options to <code>configure</code> that Kpathsea-using programs accept. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktexmf-default</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktexpk-default</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktextfm-default</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-mktextex-default</span></samp>'<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs. See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktexmf-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktexpk-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktextfm-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-mktextex-default</span></samp>’<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs. See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-110"></a>Build Kpathsea as a shared library, and link against it. Also build the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-110"></a>Build Kpathsea as a shared library, and link against it. Also build the usual static library. See <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--disable-static</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dstatic-111"></a>Build only the shared library. Implies `<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-static</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dstatic-111"></a>Build only the shared library. Implies ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--enable-maintainer-mode</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmaintainer_002dmode-112"></a>Enables make targets that are useful for the maintainer and likely to be + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-maintainer-mode</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmaintainer_002dmode-112"></a>Enables make targets that are useful for the maintainer and likely to be a pain for anyone else; the makefiles created when this option is enabled may not work at all for you. You have been warned. </dl> @@ -683,34 +806,34 @@ determining your system's characteristics, and substitutes for them in <tt>Makefile</tt>'s: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">CC</span></samp>'<a name="index-CC-113"></a><dd><a name="index-gcc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-114"></a><a name="index-cc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-115"></a>The compiler to use: default is <code>gcc</code> if it's installed, otherwise +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">CC</span></samp>’<a name="index-CC-113"></a><dd><a name="index-gcc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-114"></a><a name="index-cc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-115"></a>The compiler to use: default is <code>gcc</code> if it's installed, otherwise <code>cc</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">CFLAGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-CFLAGS-116"></a><dd><a name="index-compiler-options_002c-specifying-117"></a>Options to give the compiler: default is `<samp><span class="samp">-g -O2</span></samp>' for <code>gcc</code>, -`<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>' otherwise. <code>CFLAGS</code> comes after any other options. You + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">CFLAGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-CFLAGS-116"></a><dd><a name="index-compiler-options_002c-specifying-117"></a>Options to give the compiler: default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-g -O2</span></samp>’ for <code>gcc</code>, +‘<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>’ otherwise. <code>CFLAGS</code> comes after any other options. You may need to include <code>-w</code> here if your compilations commonly have useless warnings (e.g., <code>NULL redefined</code>), or <code>configure</code> may fail to detect the presence of header files (it takes the messages on standard error to mean the header file doesn't exist). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">CPPFLAGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-CPPFLAGS-118"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-compiler-options-119"></a>Options to pass to the compiler preprocessor; this matters most for + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">CPPFLAGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-CPPFLAGS-118"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-compiler-options-119"></a>Options to pass to the compiler preprocessor; this matters most for configuration, not the actual source compilation. The <code>configure</code> script often does only preprocessing (e.g., to check for the existence of <tt>#include</tt> files), and <code>CFLAGS</code> is not used for this. You may need to set this to something like -`<samp><span class="samp">-I/usr/local/include/wwwhatever</span></samp>' if you have the libwww library +‘<samp><span class="samp">-I/usr/local/include/wwwhatever</span></samp>’ if you have the libwww library installed for hyper-xdvik (see <samp><span class="file">xdvik/INSTALL</span></samp>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">DEFS</span></samp>'<a name="index-DEFS-120"></a><dd><a name="index-preprocessor-options-121"></a>Additional preprocessor options, but not used by <code>configure</code>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">DEFS</span></samp>’<a name="index-DEFS-120"></a><dd><a name="index-preprocessor-options-121"></a>Additional preprocessor options, but not used by <code>configure</code>. Provided for enabling or disabling program features, as documented in the various program-specific installation instructions. <code>DEFS</code> comes before any compiler options included by the distribution <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp>s or by <code>configure</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">LDFLAGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-LDFLAGS-122"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options-123"></a>Additional options to give to the loader. <code>LDFLAGS</code> comes before + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">LDFLAGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-LDFLAGS-122"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options-123"></a>Additional options to give to the loader. <code>LDFLAGS</code> comes before any other linker options. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">LIBS</span></samp>'<a name="index-LIBS-124"></a><dd><a name="index-libraries_002c-specifying-additional-125"></a>Additional libraries to link with. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">LIBS</span></samp>’<a name="index-LIBS-124"></a><dd><a name="index-libraries_002c-specifying-additional-125"></a>Additional libraries to link with. </dl> <div class="node"> @@ -731,31 +854,31 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</ many sites have no use for it, and it's a leading cause of configuration problems. <pre class="example"> configure --with-x - </pre> +</pre> <li><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchy_002c-one-126"></a>Putting the binaries, TeX files, GNU info files, etc. into a single TeX hierarchy, say <samp><span class="file">/here/texmf</span></samp>, requires overriding defaults in <code>configure</code>: <pre class="example"> configure --prefix=/here/texmf --datadir=/here - </pre> +</pre> <li><a name="index-multiple-architectures_002c-compiling-on-127"></a><a name="index-architectures_002c-compiling-multiple-128"></a><a name="index-symbolic-link-trees_002c-for-multiple-architectures-129"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsrcdir_0040r_007b_002c-for-building-multiple-architectures_007d-130"></a><a name="index-lndir-_0040r_007bfor-building-symlink-trees_007d-131"></a>You can compile on multiple architectures simultaneously either by building symbolic link trees with the <code>lndir</code> script from the X11 -distribution, or with the `<samp><span class="samp">--srcdir</span></samp>' option: +distribution, or with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--srcdir</span></samp>’ option: <pre class="example"> configure --srcdir=<var>srcdir</var> - </pre> +</pre> <li><a name="index-multiple-architectures_002c-directories-for-132"></a>If you are installing binaries for multiple architectures into a single hierarchy, you will probably want to override the default <samp><span class="file">bin</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">lib</span></samp> directories, something like this: <pre class="example"> configure --prefix=<var>texmf</var> --datadir=<var>texmf</var> \ --bindir=<var>texmf</var>/<var>arch</var>/bin --libdir=<var>texmf</var>/<var>arch</var>/lib make texmf=<var>texmf</var> - </pre> +</pre> <p><a name="index-depot-133"></a><a name="index-automounter_002c-and-configuration-134"></a>(Unless you make provisions for architecture-specific files in other ways, e.g., with Depot or an automounter.) <li><a name="index-g_t_002dO_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-135"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dg_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-without_007d-136"></a><a name="index-optimization_002c-enabling-137"></a><a name="index-debugging-with-_0040samp_007b_002dg_007d_002c-disabling-138"></a>To compile with optimization (to compile without debugging, remove the -`<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>'): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>’): <pre class="example"> env CFLAGS="-g -O" sh configure ... - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">For a potential problem if you optimize, see <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>. </ul> @@ -771,8 +894,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</ <p><a name="index-shared-library_002c-making-139"></a> <a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-140"></a>You can compile Kpathsea as a shared library on a few systems, by -specifying the option `<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>' when you run -`<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>'. +specifying the option ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>’ when you run +‘<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>’. <p><a name="index-code-sharing-141"></a>The main advantage in doing this is that the executables can then share the code, thus decreasing memory and disk space requirements. @@ -783,17 +906,11 @@ individual users do not need to set their system's environment variable (e.g., <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>) to find shared libraries. If you want to do this, you will need to add the necessary options to <code>LDFLAGS</code> yourself; for example, on Solaris, include something like -`<samp><span class="samp">-R${prefix}/lib</span></samp>', on IRIX or Linux, use -`<samp><span class="samp">-rpath${prefix}/lib</span></samp>'. (Unfortunately, making this happen by +‘<samp><span class="samp">-R${prefix}/lib</span></samp>’, on IRIX or Linux, use +‘<samp><span class="samp">-rpath${prefix}/lib</span></samp>’. (Unfortunately, making this happen by default is very difficult, because of interactions with an existing installed shared library.) - <p>Currently, shared library support is implemented only on Linux, SunOS 4 -(Solaris 1), SunOS 5 (Solaris 2), IRIX 5, and IRIX 6. If you're -interested and willing in adding support for other systems, please see -the `<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>' mode in the <samp><span class="file">klibtool</span></samp> script, especially the -host-specific case statement around line 250. - <div class="node"> <p><hr> <a name="Running-make"></a> @@ -808,11 +925,11 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installati <p><a name="index-make_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-142"></a> <a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-143"></a><a name="index-paths_002eh_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-144"></a><code>make</code> (still in the top-level directory). This also creates the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">paths.h</span></samp> files that define the default search -paths, and (by default) the `<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>' TeX formats. +paths, and (by default) the ‘<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’ TeX formats. <p><a name="index-fallback-resolutions_002c-overriding-145"></a>You can override directory names and other values at <code>make</code>-time. <samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp> lists the variables most commonly reset. For -example, `<samp><span class="samp">make default_texsizes=600</span></samp>' changes the list of fallback +example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">make default_texsizes=600</span></samp>’ changes the list of fallback resolutions. <p>You can also override each of <code>configure</code>'s environment variables @@ -822,20 +939,20 @@ resolutions. (<code>configure</code> does not use these.) <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">XCPPFLAGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-XCPPFLAGS-146"></a><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">XDEFS</span></samp>'<a name="index-XDEFS-147"></a><dd><a name="index-preprocessor-options_002c-additional-148"></a>Preprocessor options. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">XCPPFLAGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-XCPPFLAGS-146"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">XDEFS</span></samp>’<a name="index-XDEFS-147"></a><dd><a name="index-preprocessor-options_002c-additional-148"></a>Preprocessor options. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">XCFLAGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-XCFLAGS-149"></a><dd><a name="index-compiler-options_002c-additional-150"></a>Compiler options. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">XCFLAGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-XCFLAGS-149"></a><dd><a name="index-compiler-options_002c-additional-150"></a>Compiler options. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">XLDFLAGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-XLDFLAGS-151"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options_002c-initial-152"></a>Loader options (included at beginning of link commands). + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">XLDFLAGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-XLDFLAGS-151"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options_002c-initial-152"></a>Loader options (included at beginning of link commands). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">XLOADLIBES</span></samp>'<a name="index-XLOADLIBES-153"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options_002c-final-154"></a>More loader options (included at end of link commands). + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">XLOADLIBES</span></samp>’<a name="index-XLOADLIBES-153"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options_002c-final-154"></a>More loader options (included at end of link commands). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">XMAKEARGS</span></samp>'<a name="index-XMAKEARGS-155"></a><dd><a name="index-Make-arguments_002c-additional-156"></a>Additional Make arguments passed to all sub-<code>make</code>'s. You may need + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">XMAKEARGS</span></samp>’<a name="index-XMAKEARGS-155"></a><dd><a name="index-Make-arguments_002c-additional-156"></a>Additional Make arguments passed to all sub-<code>make</code>'s. You may need to include assignments to the other variables here via <code>XMAKEARGS</code>; -for example: `<samp><span class="samp">make XMAKEARGS="CFLAGS=-O XDEFS=-DA4"</span></samp>'. +for example: ‘<samp><span class="samp">make XMAKEARGS="CFLAGS=-O XDEFS=-DA4"</span></samp>’. </dl> - <p><a name="index-compiler_002c-changing-157"></a><a name="index-libraries_002c-changing-158"></a>It's generally a bad idea to use a different compiler (`<samp><span class="samp">CC</span></samp>') or + <p><a name="index-compiler_002c-changing-157"></a><a name="index-libraries_002c-changing-158"></a>It's generally a bad idea to use a different compiler (‘<samp><span class="samp">CC</span></samp>’) or libraries (<code>LIBS</code>) for compilation than you did for configuration, since the values <code>configure</code> determined may then be incorrect. @@ -867,7 +984,7 @@ issues, see <a href="#Security">Security</a>. <p>The first time you install any manual in the GNU Info system, you should add a line (you choose where) to the file <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> in your -`<samp><span class="samp">$(infodir)</span></samp>' directory. Sample text for this is given near the top +‘<samp><span class="samp">$(infodir)</span></samp>’ directory. Sample text for this is given near the top of the Texinfo source files (<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/kpathsea.texi</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">dvipsk/dvips.texi</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">web2c/doc/web2c.texi</span></samp>). If you have a recent version of the GNU Texinfo distribution installed @@ -893,7 +1010,7 @@ directories, such as documentation, configuration files, pool files, etc. <p><a name="index-AFS-172"></a><a name="index-Andrew-File-System_002c-installing-with-173"></a><a name="index-g_t_002fafs_002f_0040dots_007b_007d-_0040r_007b_002c-installing-into_007d-174"></a>If you use the Andrew File System, the normal path (e.g., <var>prefix</var>/bin) only gets you to a read-only copy of the files, and you must specify a different path for installation. The best way to do this -is by setting the `<samp><span class="samp">prefix</span></samp>' variable on the <code>make</code> command +is by setting the ‘<samp><span class="samp">prefix</span></samp>’ variable on the <code>make</code> command line. The sequence becomes something like this: <pre class="example"> configure --prefix=/whatever make @@ -929,12 +1046,12 @@ web2c/lex.yy.c</code>. configuration files and Makefiles. <li><a name="index-maintainer_002dclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-180"></a><code>make maintainer-clean</code> to remove everything that the Makefiles can -rebuild. This is more than `<samp><span class="samp">distclean</span></samp>' removes, and you should +rebuild. This is more than ‘<samp><span class="samp">distclean</span></samp>’ removes, and you should only use it if you are thoroughly conversant with (and have the necessary versions of) Autoconf. <li><a name="index-extraclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-181"></a><code>make extraclean</code> to remove other junk, e.g., core files, log -files, patch rejects. This is independent of the other `<samp><span class="samp">clean</span></samp>' +files, patch rejects. This is independent of the other ‘<samp><span class="samp">clean</span></samp>’ targets. </ul> @@ -974,11 +1091,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installati <p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-184"></a><a name="index-scripts-for-file-creation-185"></a> <a name="index-font-set_002c-infinite-186"></a><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-files-187"></a><a name="index-Sauter-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-188"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-189"></a>If Kpathsea cannot otherwise find a file, for some file types it is configured by default to invoke an external program to create it -dynamically (see <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>). This is most useful for -fonts (bitmaps, TFM's, and arbitrarily-sizable Metafont sources such as -the Sauter and EC fonts), since any given document can use fonts never -before referenced. Trying to build all fonts in advance is therefore -impractical, if not impossible. +dynamically (see <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>). These are collectively +known as <code>mktex</code><dfn> scripts</dfn>, since most of them are named +<code>mktex...</code>. + + <p>For example, this is useful for fonts (bitmaps, TFM's, and +arbitrarily-sizable Metafont sources such as the Sauter and EC fonts), +since any given document can use fonts never before referenced. +Building all fonts in advance is therefore impractical, if not +impossible. + + <p>It is also useful for the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’ (and Metafont +‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’ and Metapost ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>’ files, see <a href="Web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>), where pre-generating every format consumes a +lot of both time and space. <p>The script is passed the name of the file to create and possibly other arguments, as explained below. It must echo the full pathname of the @@ -986,9 +1111,9 @@ file it created (and nothing else) to standard output; it can write diagnostics to standard error. <ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mktex-configuration">config</a> +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#mktex-script-names">names</a> +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#mktex-script-arguments">args</a> </ul> <div class="node"> @@ -1002,17 +1127,17 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.9.1 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> configuration</h5> <p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-configuration-190"></a><a name="index-configuration-of-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-191"></a><a name="index-enabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-192"></a><a name="index-disabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-193"></a> -The following file types can run an external program to create missing -files: <samp><span class="file">pk</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">tfm</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">mf</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>; the scripts are -named <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">mktextfm</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp>, and -<samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp>. - - <p>In the absence of <code>configure</code> options specifying otherwise, -everything but <samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp> will be enabled by default. The -<code>configure</code> options to change the defaults are: - - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-194"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault-195"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault-196"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault-197"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault-198"></a> -<pre class="example"> --without-mktexmf-default +The list of file types and program names that can run an external +program to create missing files is listed in the next section. In the +absence of <code>configure</code> options specifying otherwise, everything +but <samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp> will be enabled by default. The <code>configure</code> +options to change the defaults are: + + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-194"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexfmt_002ddefault-195"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault-196"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexocp_002ddefault-197"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexofm_002ddefault-198"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault-199"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault-200"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault-201"></a> +<pre class="example"> --without-mktexfmt-default + --without-mktexmf-default + --without-mktexocp-default + --without-mktexofm-default --without-mktexpk-default --without-mktextfm-default --with-mktextex-default @@ -1021,24 +1146,31 @@ everything but <samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp> will be enabled b or configuration file value named for the script is set; e.g., <samp><span class="file">MKTEXPK</span></samp> (see <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>). - <p><a name="index-mktex_002ecnf-199"></a><a name="index-site-overrides-for-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-200"></a>As distributed, all the scripts source a file -<samp><span class="file">texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf</span></samp> if it exists, so you can override -various defaults. See <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, for instance, which defines -the default mode, resolution, some special directory names, etc. If you -prefer not to change the distributed scripts, you can simply create -<samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> with the appropriate definitions (you do not need to -create it if you have nothing to put in it). <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> has no -special syntax; it's an arbitrary Bourne shell script. The distribution -contains a sample <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> for you to copy and modify as you -please (it is not installed anywhere). - - <p><a name="index-mktex_002eopt-201"></a><a name="index-MT_005fFEATURES-202"></a>In addition, you can configure a number of features with the + <p><a name="index-fmtutils_002ecnf-202"></a><code>mktexfmt</code> reads a file <samp><span class="file">fmtutil.cnf</span></samp>, typically located in +<samp><span class="file">texmf/web2c/</span></samp> to glean its configuration information. The rest +of the files and features in this section are primarily intended for +the font generation scripts. + + <p><a name="index-mktex_002ecnf-203"></a><a name="index-mktex_002eopt-204"></a><a name="index-site-overrides-for-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-205"></a>As distributed, all the scripts source a file +<samp><span class="file">texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf</span></samp> if it exists, so you can override various +defaults. +See <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, for instance, which defines the default mode, +resolution, some special directory names, etc. If you prefer not to +change the distributed scripts, you can simply create <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> +with the appropriate definitions (you do not need to create it if you +have nothing to put in it). <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> has no special syntax; +it's an arbitrary Bourne shell script. The distribution contains a +sample <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> for you to copy and modify as you please (it +is not installed anywhere). + + <p><a name="index-mktex_002eopt-206"></a><a name="index-MT_005fFEATURES-207"></a>In addition, you can configure a number of features with the <code>MT_FEATURES</code> variable, which you can define: + <ul> <li>in <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, as just mentioned; - <li>by editing the file <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, either before `<samp><span class="samp">make -install</span></samp>' (in the source hierarchy) or after (in the installed + <li>by editing the file <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, either before ‘<samp><span class="samp">make +install</span></samp>’ (in the source hierarchy) or after (in the installed hierarchy); <li>or in the environment. @@ -1047,75 +1179,75 @@ hierarchy); <p>If none of the options below are enabled, <code>mktexpk</code>, <code>mktextfm</code>, and <code>mktexmf</code> follow the following procedure to decide where fonts should be installed. Find the tree where the font's -sources are, and test the permissions of the `<samp><span class="samp">fonts</span></samp>' directory of +sources are, and test the permissions of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">fonts</span></samp>’ directory of that tree to determine whether it is writable. If it is, put the files in the tree in appropriate locations. If it isn't writable, see whether the tree is a system tree (named in <code>SYSTEXMF</code>). If so, the <code>VARTEXFONTS</code> tree is used. In all other cases the working directory is used. - <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">appendonlydir</span></samp>' option is enabled by default. + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">appendonlydir</span></samp>’ option is enabled by default. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">appendonlydir</span></samp>'<a name="index-appendonlydir-203"></a><dd><a name="index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly-204"></a><a name="index-mktexdir-205"></a>Tell <code>mktexdir</code> to create directories append-only, i.e., set +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">appendonlydir</span></samp>’<a name="index-appendonlydir-208"></a><dd><a name="index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly-209"></a><a name="index-mktexdir-210"></a>Tell <code>mktexdir</code> to create directories append-only, i.e., set their sticky bit (see <a href="coreutils.html#Mode-Structure">Mode Structure</a>). This feature is silently ignored on non-Unix platforms (e.g. Windows/NT and MS-DOS) which don't support similar functionality. This feature is enabled by default. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>'<a name="index-dosnames-206"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t8_002e3-filenames_002c-using-207"></a><a name="index-DOS-compatible-names-208"></a><a name="index-dpi_0040var_007bnnn_007d-directories-209"></a>Use 8.3 names; e.g., <samp><span class="file">dpi600/cmr10.pk</span></samp> instead of + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>’<a name="index-dosnames-211"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t8_002e3-filenames_002c-using-212"></a><a name="index-DOS-compatible-names-213"></a><a name="index-dpi_0040var_007bnnn_007d-directories-214"></a>Use 8.3 names; e.g., <samp><span class="file">dpi600/cmr10.pk</span></samp> instead of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. Note that this feature only affects filenames that would otherwise clash with other TeX-related filenames; <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts do nothing about filenames which exceed the 8+3 MS-DOS limits but remain unique when truncated (by the OS) to these limits, and nether do the scripts care about possible clashes with files which aren't related with TeX. For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> would clash with -<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp> and is therefore changed when `<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>' is in +<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp> and is therefore changed when ‘<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>’ is in effect, but <samp><span class="file">mf.pool</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">mp.base</span></samp> don't clash with any TeX-related files and are therefore unchanged. <p>This feature is turned on by default on MS-DOS. If you do not wish -`<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>' to be set on an MS-DOS platform, you need to set the +‘<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>’ to be set on an MS-DOS platform, you need to set the <code>MT_FEATURES</code> environment variable to a value that doesn't include -`<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>'. You can also change the default setting by editing +‘<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>’. You can also change the default setting by editing <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, but only if you use the <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> shell scripts; the emulation programs don't consult <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">fontmaps</span></samp>'<a name="index-fontmaps-210"></a><dd><a name="index-fontmaps-211"></a><a name="index-fontname-212"></a>Instead of deriving the location of a font in the destination tree from + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fontmaps</span></samp>’<a name="index-fontmaps-215"></a><dd><a name="index-fontmaps-216"></a><a name="index-fontname-217"></a>Instead of deriving the location of a font in the destination tree from the location of the sources, the aliases and directory names from the Fontname distribution are used. (see <a href="fontname.html#Top">Introduction</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">nomfdrivers</span></samp>'<a name="index-nomfdrivers-213"></a><dd><a name="index-metafont-driver-files-214"></a>Let mktexpk and mktextfm create metafont driver files in a temporary + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">nomfdrivers</span></samp>’<a name="index-nomfdrivers-218"></a><dd><a name="index-metafont-driver-files-219"></a>Let mktexpk and mktextfm create metafont driver files in a temporary directory. These will be used for just one metafont run and not installed permanently. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">nomode</span></samp>'<a name="index-nomode-215"></a><dd><a name="index-mode-directory_002c-omitting-216"></a>Omit the directory level for the mode name; this is fine as long as + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">nomode</span></samp>’<a name="index-nomode-220"></a><dd><a name="index-mode-directory_002c-omitting-221"></a>Omit the directory level for the mode name; this is fine as long as you generate fonts for only one mode. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">stripsupplier</span></samp>'<a name="index-stripsupplier-217"></a><dd><a name="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-218"></a>Omit the font supplier name directory level. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">stripsupplier</span></samp>’<a name="index-stripsupplier-222"></a><dd><a name="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-223"></a>Omit the font supplier name directory level. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">striptypeface</span></samp>'<a name="index-striptypeface-219"></a><dd><a name="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-220"></a>Omit the font typeface name directory level. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">striptypeface</span></samp>’<a name="index-striptypeface-224"></a><dd><a name="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-225"></a>Omit the font typeface name directory level. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">strip</span></samp>'<a name="index-strip-221"></a><dd><a name="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-222"></a><a name="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-223"></a>Omit the font supplier and typeface name directory levels. This feature -is deprecated in favour of `<samp><span class="samp">stripsupplier</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">striptypeface</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">strip</span></samp>’<a name="index-strip-226"></a><dd><a name="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-227"></a><a name="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-228"></a>Omit the font supplier and typeface name directory levels. This feature +is deprecated in favour of ‘<samp><span class="samp">stripsupplier</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">striptypeface</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>'<a name="index-varfonts-224"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts-225"></a><a name="index-VARTEXFONTS-226"></a><a name="index-Linux-File-System-Standard-227"></a>When this option is enabled, fonts that would otherwise be written in + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>’<a name="index-varfonts-229"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts-230"></a><a name="index-VARTEXFONTS-231"></a><a name="index-Linux-File-System-Standard-232"></a>When this option is enabled, fonts that would otherwise be written in system texmf tree go to the <code>VARTEXFONTS</code> tree instead. The default value in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/Makefile.in</span></samp> is <samp><span class="file">/var/tmp/texfonts</span></samp>. The <cite>Linux File System Standard</cite> recommends <samp><span class="file">/var/tex/fonts</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS-228"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>' setting in <code>MT_FEATURES</code> is overridden by the -<code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code> environment variable: if set to `<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>', the -feature is enabled, and if set to `<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>', the feature is disabled. + <p><a name="index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS-233"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>’ setting in <code>MT_FEATURES</code> is overridden by the +<code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code> environment variable: if set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’, the +feature is enabled, and if set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’, the feature is disabled. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">texmfvar</span></samp>'<a name="index-texmfvar-229"></a><dd><a name="index-TEXMFVAR-230"></a>Force generated files that would go into a system tree (as defined by + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">texmfvar</span></samp>’<a name="index-texmfvar-234"></a><dd><a name="index-TEXMFVAR-235"></a>Force generated files that would go into a system tree (as defined by <code>SYSTEXMF</code>) into <code>TEXMFVAR</code>. Starting with teTeX-3.0, the -variable <code>TEXMFVAR</code> is always set. The `<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>' feature takes +variable <code>TEXMFVAR</code> is always set. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>’ feature takes precedence if also set. - <p><a name="index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR-231"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">texmfvar</span></samp>' setting in <code>MT_FEATURES</code> is overridden by the -<code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code> environment variable: if set to `<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>', the -feature is enabled, and if set to `<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>', the feature is disabled. + <p><a name="index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR-236"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">texmfvar</span></samp>’ setting in <code>MT_FEATURES</code> is overridden by the +<code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code> environment variable: if set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’, the +feature is enabled, and if set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’, the feature is disabled. </dl> <div class="node"> @@ -1129,33 +1261,40 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.9.2 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</h5> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-names-232"></a><a name="index-names-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-233"></a> -<a name="index-tex_002dmake_002ec-234"></a><a name="index-kpse_005fmake_005fspecs-235"></a>The following table shows the default name of the script for each -possible file types. (The source is the variable <code>kpse_make_specs</code> -in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-make.c</span></samp>.) +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-names-237"></a><a name="index-names-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-238"></a> +The following table shows the default name of the script for each +of the file types which support runtime generation. <dl> -<dt><samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexpk-236"></a>Glyph fonts. +<dt><samp><span class="file">mktexfmt</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexfmt-239"></a><a name="index-fmtutil-240"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>’) TeX/Metafont/MetaPost +formats. This script is also named <samp><span class="command">fmtutil</span></samp>, and reads +<samp><span class="file">fmtutil.cnf</span></samp> for configuration information. + + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexmf-241"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’) Metafont input files. + + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mkocp</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mkocp-242"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.ocp</span></samp>’) Omega compiled process files. + + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mkofm</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mkofm-243"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.ofm</span></samp>’) Omega font metric files. - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktextex-237"></a>TeX input files. + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexpk-244"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’) Glyph fonts. - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexmf-238"></a>Metafont input files. + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktextex-245"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>’) TeX input files (disabled by default). - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktextfm</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktextfm-239"></a>TFM files. + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktextfm</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktextfm-246"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’) TFM files. </dl> - <p><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-240"></a><a name="index-XDVIMAKEPK-241"></a><a name="index-DVILJMAKEPK-242"></a>These names are overridden by an environment variable specific + <p><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-247"></a><a name="index-XDVIMAKEPK-248"></a><a name="index-DVILJMAKEPK-249"></a>These names can be overridden by an environment variable specific to the program—for example, <code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code> for Dvipsk. <!-- next two paragraphs are repeated in dvips.texi --> -<p><a name="index-missfont_002elog-243"></a><a name="index-failed-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-script-invocation-244"></a>If a <code>mktex...</code> script fails, the invocation is appended to a + <p><a name="index-missfont_002elog-250"></a><a name="index-failed-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-script-invocation-251"></a>If a <code>mktex...</code> script fails, the invocation is appended to a file <samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the problem. - <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-245"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-246"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or + <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-252"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-253"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or configuration file value <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set, its value is -used. Otherwise, nothing is written. The name `<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>' is +used. Otherwise, nothing is written. The name ‘<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>’ is overridden by the <code>MISSFONT_LOG</code> environment variable or configuration file value. @@ -1169,7 +1308,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.9.3 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script arguments</h5> -<p><a name="index-arguments-to-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-247"></a> +<p><a name="index-arguments-to-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-254"></a> The first argument to a <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script is always the name of the file to be created. @@ -1177,36 +1316,17 @@ of the file to be created. also be passed: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--dpi </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd>Sets the resolution of the generated font to <var>num</var>. -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--mfmode </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd>Sets the Metafont mode to <var>name</var>. -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd>Sets the the “base dpi” for the font. This must match the mode being +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--dpi </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd>Sets the resolution of the generated font to <var>num</var>. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--mfmode </span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd>Sets the Metafont mode to <var>name</var>. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd>Sets the the “base dpi” for the font. This must match the mode being used. -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--mag </span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd>A “magstep” string suitable for the Metafont <code>mag</code> variable. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--mag </span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd>A “magstep” string suitable for the Metafont <code>mag</code> variable. This must match the combination of <var>bdpi</var> and <var>dpi</var> being used. -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--destdir </span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd>A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--destdir </span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd>A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is. Otherwise, it is appended to the root destination directory set in the script. </dl> -<!-- The feature mentioned here doesn't seem to be implemented. --> -<!-- Worse, the variable name clashed with the "switch" used to select --> -<!-- whether a mktex program is run at all. However, a dearth of --> -<!-- complains suggests that no-one was using it anyway. --> -<!-- @vindex MKTEXPK @r{environment variable} --> -<!-- @cindex specification for @code{mktexpk} --> -<!-- You can change the specification for the arguments passed to the --> -<!-- external script by setting the environment variable named as the script --> -<!-- name, but all capitals-@code{MKTEXPK}, for example. If you've --> -<!-- changed the script name by setting (say) @code{DVIPSMAKEPK} to --> -<!-- @samp{foo}, then the spec is taken from the environment variable --> -<!-- @code{FOO}. --> -<!-- The spec can contain any variable references, to the above variables or --> -<!-- any others. As an example, the default spec for @code{mktexpk} is: --> -<!-- @example --> -<!-- $KPATHSEA_DPI $MAKETEX_BASE_DPI $MAKETEX_MAG $MAKETEX_MODE --> -<!-- @end example --> -<!-- @noindent The convention of passing the name of the file to be created --> -<!-- as the first argument cannot be changed. --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> <a name="Installation-testing"></a> @@ -1217,9 +1337,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installati <h4 class="subsection">2.2.10 Installation testing</h4> -<p><a name="index-testing_002c-post_002dinstallation-248"></a><a name="index-installation-testing-249"></a> +<p><a name="index-testing_002c-post_002dinstallation-255"></a><a name="index-installation-testing-256"></a> Besides the tests listed in <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a>, you can try -running `<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>'. This includes the torture tests (trip, trap, +running ‘<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>’. This includes the torture tests (trip, trap, and mptrap) that come with Web2c (see <a href="web2c.html#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>). <div class="node"> @@ -1233,12 +1353,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <h3 class="section">2.3 Security</h3> -<p><a name="index-security-considerations-250"></a> +<p><a name="index-security-considerations-257"></a> None of the programs in the TeX system require any special system privileges, so there's no first-level security concern of people gaining illegitimate root access. - <p><a name="index-trojan-horse-attack-251"></a><a name="index-g_t_002erhosts_0040r_007b_002c-writable-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-252"></a>A TeX document, however, can write to arbitrary files, e.g., + <p><a name="index-trojan-horse-attack-258"></a><a name="index-g_t_002erhosts_0040r_007b_002c-writable-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-259"></a>A TeX document, however, can write to arbitrary files, e.g., <samp><span class="file">~/.rhosts</span></samp>, and thus an unwitting user who runs TeX on a random document is vulnerable to a trojan horse attack. This loophole is closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so desire in @@ -1246,9 +1366,9 @@ closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so desire in the same issue. <p>Dvips, Xdvi, and TeX can also execute shell commands under some -circumstances. To disable this, see the `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' option in <a href="dvips.html#Option-details">Option details</a>, the xdvi man page, and <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>, respectively. +circumstances. To disable this, see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ option in <a href="dvips.html#Option-details">Option details</a>, the xdvi man page, and <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>, respectively. - <p><a name="index-local-cache-of-fonts-253"></a><a name="index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local-254"></a>Another security issue arises because it's very useful—almost + <p><a name="index-local-cache-of-fonts-260"></a><a name="index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local-261"></a>Another security issue arises because it's very useful—almost necessary—to make arbitrary fonts on user demand with <code>mktexpk</code> and friends. Where do these files get installed? By default, the <code>mktexpk</code> distributed with Kpathsea assumes a world-writable @@ -1256,28 +1376,28 @@ and friends. Where do these files get installed? By default, the it may not suit your situation because it means that a local cache of fonts is created on every machine. - <p><a name="index-globally-writable-directories-255"></a>To avoid this duplication, many people consider a shared, globally + <p><a name="index-globally-writable-directories-262"></a>To avoid this duplication, many people consider a shared, globally writable font tree desirable, in spite of the potential security problems. To do this you should change the value of <code>VARTEXFONTS</code> in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> to refer to some globally known directory. See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. - <p><a name="index-append_002donly-directories-and-_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-256"></a>The first restriction you can apply is to make newly-created directories + <p><a name="index-append_002donly-directories-and-_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-263"></a>The first restriction you can apply is to make newly-created directories under <samp><span class="file">texmf</span></samp> be append-only with an option in <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp>. See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. - <p><a name="index-group_002dwritable-directories-257"></a><a name="index-setgid-scripts-258"></a>Another approach is to establish a group (or user) for TeX files, + <p><a name="index-group_002dwritable-directories-264"></a><a name="index-setgid-scripts-265"></a>Another approach is to establish a group (or user) for TeX files, make the <samp><span class="file">texmf</span></samp> tree writable only to that group (or user), and make <code>mktexpk</code> et al. setgid to that group (or setuid to that user). Then users must invoke the scripts to install things. (If you're worried about the inevitable security holes in scripts, then you could write a C wrapper to exec the script.) - <p><a name="index-file-permissions-259"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-file-260"></a>The <samp><span class="file">mktex...</span></samp> scripts install files with the same read and + <p><a name="index-file-permissions-266"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-file-267"></a>The <samp><span class="file">mktex...</span></samp> scripts install files with the same read and write permissions as the directory they are installed in. The executable, sgid, suid, and sticky bits are always cleared. - <p><a name="index-directory-permissions-261"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-directory-262"></a>Any directories created by the <samp><span class="file">mktex...</span></samp> scripts have the + <p><a name="index-directory-permissions-268"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-directory-269"></a>Any directories created by the <samp><span class="file">mktex...</span></samp> scripts have the same permissions as their parent directory, unless the <code>appendonlydir</code> feature is used, in which case the sticky bit is always set. @@ -1293,7 +1413,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <h3 class="section">2.4 TeX directory structure</h3> -<p><a name="index-TEXMF-263"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-264"></a><a name="index-directory-structure_002c-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-files-265"></a><a name="index-skeleton-_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-266"></a><a name="index-TDS-267"></a> +<p><a name="index-TEXMF-270"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-271"></a><a name="index-directory-structure_002c-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-files-272"></a><a name="index-skeleton-_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-273"></a><a name="index-TDS-274"></a> This section describes the default installation hierarchy of the distribution. It conforms to both the GNU coding standards and the TeX directory structure (TDS) standard. For rationale and further @@ -1311,53 +1431,53 @@ see <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>. <p>Here is a skeleton of the default directory structure, extracted from the TDS document: -<pre class="example"> <var>prefix</var>/ <span class="roman">installation root (<samp>/usr/local</samp> by default)</span> +<pre class="example"> <var>prefix</var>/ <span class="roman">installation root (</span><samp><span class="file">/usr/local</span></samp><span class="roman"> by default)</span> bin/ <span class="roman">executables</span> man/ <span class="roman">man pages</span> include/ <span class="roman">C header files</span> info/ <span class="roman">GNU info files</span> - lib/ <span class="roman">libraries (<samp>libkpathsea.*</samp>)</span> + lib/ <span class="roman">libraries (</span><samp><span class="file">libkpathsea.*</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span> share/ <span class="roman">architecture-independent files</span> texmf/ <span class="roman">TDS root</span> bibtex/ <span class="roman">BibTeX input files</span> bib/ <span class="roman">BibTeX databases</span> - base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., `<samp>xampl.bib</samp>')</span> + base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">xampl.bib</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> misc/ <span class="roman">single-file databases</span> <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package</span> bst/ <span class="roman">BibTeX style files</span> - base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., `<samp>plain.bst</samp>', `<samp>acm.bst</samp>')</span> + base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.bst</span></samp><span class="roman">’, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">acm.bst</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> misc/ <span class="roman">single-file styles</span> <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package</span> doc/ <span class="roman">additional documentation</span> - dvips/ <span class="roman">`<samp>.pro</samp>', `<samp>.ps</samp>', `<samp>psfonts.map</samp>'</span> + dvips/ <span class="roman">‘</span><samp><span class="samp">.pro</span></samp><span class="roman">’, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp><span class="roman">’, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp><span class="roman">’</span> fonts/ <span class="roman">font-related files</span> - <var>type</var>/ <span class="roman">file type (e.g., `<samp>tfm</samp>', `<samp>pk</samp>')</span> - <var>mode</var>/ <span class="roman">type of output device (types `<samp>pk</samp>' and `<samp>gf</samp>' only)</span> - <var>supplier</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a font supplier (e.g., `<samp>public</samp>')</span> - <var>typeface</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a typeface (e.g., `<samp>cm</samp>')</span> - dpi<var>nnn</var>/ <span class="roman">font resolution (types `<samp>pk</samp>' and `<samp>gf</samp>' only)</span> + <var>type</var>/ <span class="roman">file type (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp><span class="roman">’, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + <var>mode</var>/ <span class="roman">type of output device (types ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp><span class="roman">’ and ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp><span class="roman">’ only)</span> + <var>supplier</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a font supplier (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">public</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + <var>typeface</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a typeface (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">cm</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + dpi<var>nnn</var>/ <span class="roman">font resolution (types ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp><span class="roman">’ and ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp><span class="roman">’ only)</span> metafont/ <span class="roman">Metafont (non-font) input files</span> - base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., `<samp>plain.mf</samp>')</span> - misc/ <span class="roman">single-file packages (e.g., `<samp>modes.mf</samp>')</span> - <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., `<samp>mfpic</samp>')</span> + base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.mf</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + misc/ <span class="roman">single-file packages (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">modes.mf</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">mfpic</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> metapost/ <span class="roman">MetaPost input files</span> - base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., `<samp>plain.mp</samp>')</span> + base/ <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.mp</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> misc/ <span class="roman">single-file packages</span> <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package</span> - support/ <span class="roman">support files for MetaPost-related utilities (e.g., `<samp>trfonts.map</samp>')</span> - mft/ <span class="roman">`<samp>MFT</samp>' inputs (e.g., `<samp>plain.mft</samp>')</span> + support/ <span class="roman">support files for MetaPost-related utilities (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">trfonts.map</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + mft/ <span class="roman">‘</span><samp><span class="samp">MFT</span></samp><span class="roman">’ inputs (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.mft</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> tex/ <span class="roman">TeX input files</span> - <var>format</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a format (e.g., `<samp>plain</samp>')</span> - base/ <span class="roman">base distribution for </span><var>format</var><span class="roman"> (e.g., `<samp>plain.tex</samp>')</span> - misc/ <span class="roman">single-file packages (e.g., `<samp>webmac.tex</samp>')</span> + <var>format</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a format (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + base/ <span class="roman">base distribution for </span><var>format</var><span class="roman"> (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + misc/ <span class="roman">single-file packages (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">webmac.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> local/ <span class="roman">local additions to or local configuration files for </span><var>format</var> - <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., `<samp>graphics</samp>', `<samp>mfnfss</samp>')</span> + <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp><span class="roman">’, ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">mfnfss</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> generic/ <span class="roman">format-independent packages</span> - hyphen/ <span class="roman">hyphenation patterns (e.g., `<samp>hyphen.tex</samp>')</span> + hyphen/ <span class="roman">hyphenation patterns (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">hyphen.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> images/ <span class="roman">image input files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript)</span> - misc/ <span class="roman">single-file format-independent packages (e.g., `<samp>null.tex</samp>').</span> - <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., `<samp>babel</samp>')</span> - web2c/ <span class="roman">implementation-dependent files (<samp>.pool</samp>, <samp>.fmt</samp>, <samp>texmf.cnf</samp>, etc.)</span> + misc/ <span class="roman">single-file format-independent packages (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">null.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">’).</span> + <var>pkg</var>/ <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">babel</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span> + web2c/ <span class="roman">implementation-dependent files (</span><samp><span class="file">.pool</span></samp><span class="roman">, </span><samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp><span class="roman">, </span><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp><span class="roman">, etc.)</span> </pre> <p>Some concrete examples for most file types: @@ -1390,8 +1510,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <h3 class="section">2.5 <samp><span class="file">unixtex.ftp</span></samp>: Obtaining TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-268"></a><a name="index-retrieving-_0040TeX_007b_007d-269"></a> -<a name="index-unixtex_002eftp-270"></a><a name="index-tug_002eorg-271"></a><a name="index-www_002etug_002eorg-272"></a><a name="index-ftp_002etug_002eorg-273"></a>This +<p><a name="index-obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-275"></a><a name="index-retrieving-_0040TeX_007b_007d-276"></a> +<a name="index-unixtex_002eftp-277"></a><a name="index-tug_002eorg-278"></a><a name="index-www_002etug_002eorg-279"></a><a name="index-ftp_002etug_002eorg-280"></a>This is <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/unixtex.ftp">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/unixtex.ftp</a>, last updated 26 December 2003. Also available as <a href="http://www.tug.org/unixtex.ftp">http://www.tug.org/unixtex.ftp</a>. The IP address is currently <code>[130.225.2.178]</code>. It is also in @@ -1444,27 +1564,27 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.5.1 Electronic distribution</h4> -<p><a name="index-ftp-retrieval-274"></a><a name="index-obtaining-Web2c-by-ftp-275"></a><a name="index-distributions_002c-via-ftp-276"></a> -<a name="index-CTAN_002c-defined-277"></a><a name="index-backbone-of-CTAN-278"></a>In many places we refer to <var>CTAN:</var>. This is <em>both</em> a host name +<p><a name="index-ftp-retrieval-281"></a><a name="index-obtaining-Web2c-by-ftp-282"></a><a name="index-distributions_002c-via-ftp-283"></a> +<a name="index-CTAN_002c-defined-284"></a><a name="index-backbone-of-CTAN-285"></a>In many places we refer to <var>CTAN:</var>. This is <em>both</em> a host name and a directory name. Here are the primary locations: <pre class="example"> <a href="ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/">ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/</a> <span class="roman">(Vermont, USA)</span> <a href="ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/">ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/</a> <span class="roman">(Germany)</span> <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/">ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/</a> <span class="roman">(England)</span> </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-README_002emirrors-279"></a><a name="index-CTAN_002esites-280"></a><a name="index-mirrors_002c-FTP-281"></a>CTAN has many mirrors worldwide; see the top-level file + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-README_002emirrors-286"></a><a name="index-CTAN_002esites-287"></a><a name="index-mirrors_002c-FTP-288"></a>CTAN has many mirrors worldwide; see the top-level file <samp><span class="file">README.mirrors</span></samp> from one of the sites above or see <a href="http://www.tug.org/CTAN.sites">http://www.tug.org/CTAN.sites</a>. - <p><a name="index-World-Wide-Web-CTAN-access-282"></a><a name="index-email-CTAN-access-283"></a><a name="index-NFS-CTAN-access-284"></a>You can also access CTAN via the World Wide Web, electronic + <p><a name="index-World-Wide-Web-CTAN-access-289"></a><a name="index-email-CTAN-access-290"></a><a name="index-NFS-CTAN-access-291"></a>You can also access CTAN via the World Wide Web, electronic mail, or NFS. The same <samp><span class="file">README.mirrors</span></samp> file explains how. - <p><a name="index-binary-mode_002c-for-file-transfers-285"></a>You will need to retrieve some or all of the following archives, + <p><a name="index-binary-mode_002c-for-file-transfers-292"></a>You will need to retrieve some or all of the following archives, depending on your needs (don't forget to set binary mode for file transfers): <dl> -<dt><samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/web2c/web.tar.gz</span></samp><dd><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-original-author-286"></a>The original WEB source files, written primarily by Don Knuth. Required +<dt><samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/web2c/web.tar.gz</span></samp><dd><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-original-author-293"></a>The original WEB source files, written primarily by Don Knuth. Required unless you already have this <samp><span class="file">web</span></samp> version. (The WEB sources change irregularly with respect to Web2c itself.) Unpacks into <samp><span class="file">web2c-</span><var>version</var></samp>. @@ -1519,43 +1639,43 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.5.2 CD-ROM distribution</h4> -<p><a name="index-CD_002dROM-distributions-287"></a><a name="index-obtaining-Web2c-on-CD_002dROM-288"></a><a name="index-distributions_002c-on-CD_002dROM-289"></a> +<p><a name="index-CD_002dROM-distributions-294"></a><a name="index-obtaining-Web2c-on-CD_002dROM-295"></a><a name="index-distributions_002c-on-CD_002dROM-296"></a> Numerous organizations distribute various TeX CD-ROM's (and DVD's): <ul> -<li><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Live-CD_002dROM-290"></a>Virtually all the TeX user groups collaborate to produce the +<li><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Live-CD_002dROM-297"></a>Virtually all the TeX user groups collaborate to produce the <cite>TeX Live</cite> distribution once a year; see <a href="http://www.tug.org/texlive/">http://www.tug.org/texlive/</a> for more information. - <li><a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-291"></a><a name="index-FSF-Source-Code-CD_002dROM-292"></a>The Free Software Foundation's <cite>Source Code CD-ROM</cite> contains the + <li><a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-298"></a><a name="index-FSF-Source-Code-CD_002dROM-299"></a>The Free Software Foundation's <cite>Source Code CD-ROM</cite> contains the minimal TeX source distribution described in the previous section (i.e., enough to print GNU documentation); email <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">gnu@gnu.org</a>. <!-- Commented out: the information is outdated in way or another. --> -<!-- @item --> -<!-- The Gateway@! CD-ROM set contains a runnable NetBSD/Amiga distribution --> -<!-- and sources; see @url{http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/cdroms.html}. --> -<!-- @item --> -<!-- The InfoMagic CD-ROM is a copy of CTAN (see previous section); see --> -<!-- @url{http://www.infomagic.com}. --> -<!-- @item --> -<!-- @cindex 4all@TeX{} Live CD-ROM --> -<!-- @cindex NTG --> -<!-- NTG (Dutch-speaking @TeX{} user group) produced the 4all@TeX{} CD-ROM; --> -<!-- email @email{ntg@@nic.surfnet.nl}, or see --> -<!-- @url{http://www.ntg.nl/4allcd/}. This is a runnable system. --> -<!-- @item --> -<!-- @cindex Prime Time @TeX{}cetera CD-ROM --> -<!-- The Prime Time @TeX{}cetera CD-ROM is also a copy of CTAN; email --> -<!-- @email{ptf@@ctcl.com} or see @url{http://www.ptf.com/ptf/}. --> -<!-- @item --> -<!-- @cindex Walnut Creek @TeX{} CD-ROM --> -<!-- Walnut Creek's @TeX{} CD-ROM is also a copy of CTAN; email --> -<!-- @email{info@@cdrom.com} or see --> -<!-- @url{http://www.cdrom.com:/titles/tex.html}. --> -<li><a name="index-Linux_002c-using-Web2c-293"></a>Most Linux distributions include some TeX package based on -Web2c; see the Linux documentation file `<samp><span class="samp">Distribution-HOWTO</span></samp>' for a + <!-- @item --> + <!-- The Gateway@! CD-ROM set contains a runnable NetBSD/Amiga distribution --> + <!-- and sources; see @url{http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/cdroms.html}. --> + <!-- @item --> + <!-- The InfoMagic CD-ROM is a copy of CTAN (see previous section); see --> + <!-- @url{http://www.infomagic.com}. --> + <!-- @item --> + <!-- @cindex 4all@TeX{} Live CD-ROM --> + <!-- @cindex NTG --> + <!-- NTG (Dutch-speaking @TeX{} user group) produced the 4all@TeX{} CD-ROM; --> + <!-- email @email{ntg@@nic.surfnet.nl}, or see --> + <!-- @url{http://www.ntg.nl/4allcd/}. This is a runnable system. --> + <!-- @item --> + <!-- @cindex Prime Time @TeX{}cetera CD-ROM --> + <!-- The Prime Time @TeX{}cetera CD-ROM is also a copy of CTAN; email --> + <!-- @email{ptf@@ctcl.com} or see @url{http://www.ptf.com/ptf/}. --> + <!-- @item --> + <!-- @cindex Walnut Creek @TeX{} CD-ROM --> + <!-- Walnut Creek's @TeX{} CD-ROM is also a copy of CTAN; email --> + <!-- @email{info@@cdrom.com} or see --> + <!-- @url{http://www.cdrom.com:/titles/tex.html}. --> + <li><a name="index-Linux_002c-using-Web2c-300"></a>Most Linux distributions include some TeX package based on +Web2c; see the Linux documentation file ‘<samp><span class="samp">Distribution-HOWTO</span></samp>’ for a comparison of Linux distributions, available (for example) via <a href="http://www.linux.org">http://www.linux.org</a>. </ul> @@ -1573,8 +1693,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.5.3 Other TeX packages</h4> -<p><a name="index-other-_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-294"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-besides-Web2c-295"></a> -<a name="index-Amiga-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-296"></a><a name="index-Acorn-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-297"></a><a name="index-VMS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-298"></a><a name="index-Macintosh-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-299"></a><a name="index-DOS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-300"></a><a name="index-Windows-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-301"></a>Many other TeX implementations are available in +<p><a name="index-other-_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-301"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-besides-Web2c-302"></a> +<a name="index-Amiga-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-303"></a><a name="index-Acorn-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-304"></a><a name="index-VMS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-305"></a><a name="index-Macintosh-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-306"></a><a name="index-DOS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-307"></a><a name="index-Windows-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-308"></a>Many other TeX implementations are available in <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems</span></samp>, including ready-to-run distributions for Unix, Amiga, Acorn, VMS, Macintosh, DOS, and Windows (in various forms). Although Web2c has support in the source code for many operating @@ -1582,12 +1702,12 @@ systems, and in fact some of the other distributions are based on it, it's unlikely to work as distributed on anything but Unix. (Please contribute improvements!) - <p><a name="index-te_0040TeX_007b_007d-302"></a><a name="index-precompiled-Unix-binaries-303"></a>The principal user-oriented Unix distribution based on Web2c is the + <p><a name="index-te_0040TeX_007b_007d-309"></a><a name="index-precompiled-Unix-binaries-310"></a>The principal user-oriented Unix distribution based on Web2c is the teTeX distribution. It includes complete sources, and runs on all modern Unix variants, including Linux. It contains many TeX-related programs besides those in the core Web2c. - <p><a name="index-labrea_002estanford_002eedu-304"></a><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by-305"></a>The host <tt>labrea.stanford.edu</tt> is the original source for the files + <p><a name="index-labrea_002estanford_002eedu-311"></a><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by-312"></a>The host <tt>labrea.stanford.edu</tt> is the original source for the files for which Donald Knuth is directly responsible: <samp><span class="file">tex.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">plain.tex</span></samp>, etc. However, unless you want to build your TeX library tree ab initio, it is more reliable and less work to retrieve @@ -1606,10 +1726,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <h3 class="section">2.6 Reporting bugs</h3> -<p><a name="index-reporting-bugs-306"></a><a name="index-bugs_002c-reporting-307"></a> +<p><a name="index-reporting-bugs-313"></a><a name="index-bugs_002c-reporting-314"></a> (A copy of this chapter is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp>.) - <p><a name="index-tex_002dk_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-_0040r_007b_0028bug-address_0029_007d-308"></a><a name="index-bug-address-309"></a>If you have problems or suggestions, please report them to + <p><a name="index-tex_002dk_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-_0040r_007b_0028bug-address_0029_007d-315"></a><a name="index-bug-address-316"></a>If you have problems or suggestions, please report them to <a href="mailto:tex-k@mail.tug.org">tex-k@mail.tug.org</a> using the bug checklist below. <p>Please report bugs in the documentation; not only factual errors or @@ -1634,50 +1754,49 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.6.1 Bug checklist</h4> -<p><a name="index-checklist-for-bug-reports-310"></a><a name="index-bug-checklist-311"></a> +<p><a name="index-checklist-for-bug-reports-317"></a><a name="index-bug-checklist-318"></a> Before reporting a bug, please check below to be sure it isn't already known (see <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>). <p>Bug reports should be sent via electronic mail to -<a href="mailto:tex-k@mail.tug.org">tex-k@mail.tug.org</a>, or by postal mail to 135 Center Hill Road / -Plymouth, MA 02360 / USA. +<a href="mailto:tex-k@mail.tug.org">tex-k@mail.tug.org</a>. <p>The general principle is that a good bug report includes all the information necessary for reproduction. Therefore, to enable investigation, your report should include the following: <ul> -<li><a name="index-version-numbers_002c-determining-312"></a>The version number(s) of the program(s) involved, and of Kpathsea -itself. You can get the former by giving a sole option `<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' -to the program, and the latter by running `<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --version</span></samp>'. +<li><a name="index-version-numbers_002c-determining-319"></a>The version number(s) of the program(s) involved, and of Kpathsea +itself. You can get the former by giving a sole option ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ +to the program, and the latter by running ‘<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --version</span></samp>’. The <samp><span class="file">NEWS</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> files also contain the version number. - <li><a name="index-uname-313"></a>The hardware, operating system (including version number), compiler, and + <li><a name="index-uname-320"></a>The hardware, operating system (including version number), compiler, and <code>make</code> program you are using (the output of <code>uname -a</code> is a start on the first two, though often incomplete). If the bug involves the X window system, include X version and supplier information as well (examples: X11R6 from MIT; X11R4 from HP; OpenWindows 3.3 bundled with SunOS 4.1.4). - <li><a name="index-config_002elog-314"></a>Any options you gave to <code>configure</code>. This is recorded in the + <li><a name="index-config_002elog-321"></a>Any options you gave to <code>configure</code>. This is recorded in the <samp><span class="file">config.status</span></samp> files. - <p><a name="index-configuration-bugs-315"></a><a name="index-config_002estatus-316"></a>If you are reporting a bug in `<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>' itself, it's probably + <p><a name="index-configuration-bugs-322"></a><a name="index-config_002estatus-323"></a>If you are reporting a bug in ‘<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>’ itself, it's probably system-dependent, and it will be unlikely the maintainers can do anything useful if you merely report that thus-and-such is broken. Therefore, you need to do some additional work: for some bugs, you can look in the file <samp><span class="file">config.log</span></samp> where the test that failed should appear, along with the compiler invocation and source program in question. You can then compile it yourself by hand, and discover why -the test failed. Other `<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>' bugs do not involve the +the test failed. Other ‘<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>’ bugs do not involve the compiler; in that case, the only recourse is to inspect the <code>configure</code> shell script itself, or the Autoconf macros that generated <code>configure</code>. <li>The log of all debugging output, if the bug is in path searching. You can get this by setting the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> -to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running the program. Please look at the log +to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. Please look at the log yourself to make sure the behavior is really a bug before reporting it; perhaps “old” environment variable settings are causing files not to be found, for example. @@ -1688,18 +1807,12 @@ file (and any EPS or other files it uses)—TeX source files are helpful, but the DVI file is necessary, because that's the actual program input. - <p><a name="index-shar_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-317"></a>GNU <code>shar</code>, available from <a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu</a> is -a convenient way of packaging multiple (possibly binary) files for -electronic mail. If you feel your input files are too big to send by -email, you can ftp them to <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/incoming">ftp://ftp.tug.org/incoming</a> (that -directory is writable, but not readable). - - <li><a name="index-context-diff-318"></a><a name="index-sending-patches-319"></a><a name="index-ChangeLog-_0040r_007bentry_007d-320"></a>If you are sending a patch (do so if you can!), please do so in the form -of a context diff (`<samp><span class="samp">diff -c</span></samp>') against the original distribution + <li><a name="index-context-diff-324"></a><a name="index-sending-patches-325"></a><a name="index-ChangeLog-_0040r_007bentry_007d-326"></a>If you are sending a patch (do so if you can!), please do so in the form +of a context diff (‘<samp><span class="samp">diff -c</span></samp>’) against the original distribution source. Any other form of diff is either not as complete or harder for me to understand. Please also include a <samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> entry. - <li><a name="index-stack-trace-321"></a><a name="index-debugger-322"></a><a name="index-crashes_002c-reporting-323"></a><a name="index-core-dumps_002c-reporting-324"></a><a name="index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing-325"></a><a name="index-gdb_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-326"></a>If the bug involved is an actual crash (i.e., core dump), it is easy and + <li><a name="index-stack-trace-327"></a><a name="index-debugger-328"></a><a name="index-crashes_002c-reporting-329"></a><a name="index-core-dumps_002c-reporting-330"></a><a name="index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing-331"></a><a name="index-gdb_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-332"></a>If the bug involved is an actual crash (i.e., core dump), it is easy and useful to include a stack trace from a debugger (I recommend the GNU debugger GDB, available from <a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu</a>). If the cause is apparent (a <code>NULL</code> value being dereferenced, for @@ -1723,10 +1836,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.6.2 Mailing lists</h4> -<p><a name="index-mailing-lists-327"></a><a name="index-bug-mailing-list-328"></a><a name="index-announcement-mailing-list-329"></a> +<p><a name="index-mailing-lists-333"></a><a name="index-bug-mailing-list-334"></a><a name="index-announcement-mailing-list-335"></a> Web2c and Kpathsea in general are discussed on the mailing list <a href="mailto:tex-k@mail.tug.org">tex-k@mail.tug.org</a>. -<a name="index-tex_002dk_002drequest_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-330"></a>To join, email <a href="mailto:tex-k-request@mail.tug.org">tex-k-request@mail.tug.org</a> with a line +<a name="index-tex_002dk_002drequest_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-336"></a>To join, email <a href="mailto:tex-k-request@mail.tug.org">tex-k-request@mail.tug.org</a> with a line consisting of <pre class="example"> subscribe <var>you</var>@<var>your.preferred.email.address</var> @@ -1735,7 +1848,7 @@ consisting of <p>You do not need to join to submit a report, nor will it affect whether you get a response. There is no Usenet newsgroup equivalent (if you can -be the one to set this up, email `<samp><span class="samp">tex-k-request</span></samp>'). Traffic on the +be the one to set this up, email ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex-k-request</span></samp>’). Traffic on the list is fairly light, and is mainly bug reports and enhancement requests to the software. The best way to decide if you want to join or not is read some of the archives from <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/tex-k/">ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/tex-k/</a>. @@ -1743,13 +1856,13 @@ read some of the archives from <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/tex-k/"> <p>Be aware that large data files are sometimes included in bug reports. If this is a problem for you, do not join the list. - <p><a name="index-tex_002darchive_0040_0040math_002eutah_002eedu-331"></a><a name="index-announcement-mailing-list-332"></a>If you only want announcements of new releases, not bug reports and + <p><a name="index-tex_002darchive_0040_0040math_002eutah_002eedu-337"></a><a name="index-announcement-mailing-list-338"></a>If you only want announcements of new releases, not bug reports and discussion, join <a href="mailto:tex-archive@math.utah.edu">tex-archive@math.utah.edu</a> (via mail to <a href="mailto:tex-archive-request@math.utah.edu">tex-archive-request@math.utah.edu</a>). - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-333"></a><a name="index-La_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-334"></a><a name="index-Usenet-_0040TeX_007b_007d-newsgroup-335"></a><a name="index-newsgroup-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-336"></a><a name="index-help_002c-mailing-list-for-general-_0040TeX_007b_007d-337"></a><a name="index-info_002dtex_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-338"></a><a name="index-comp_002etext_002etex-339"></a>If you are looking for general TeX help, such as how to use LaTeX, + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-339"></a><a name="index-La_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-340"></a><a name="index-Usenet-_0040TeX_007b_007d-newsgroup-341"></a><a name="index-newsgroup-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-342"></a><a name="index-help_002c-mailing-list-for-general-_0040TeX_007b_007d-343"></a><a name="index-info_002dtex_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-344"></a><a name="index-comp_002etext_002etex-345"></a>If you are looking for general TeX help, such as how to use LaTeX, please use the mailing list <a href="mailto:info-tex@shsu.edu">info-tex@shsu.edu</a> mailing list, -which is gatewayed to the `<samp><span class="samp">comp.text.tex</span></samp>' Usenet newsgroup (or post +which is gatewayed to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">comp.text.tex</span></samp>’ Usenet newsgroup (or post to the newsgroup; the gateway is bidirectional). <div class="node"> @@ -1763,70 +1876,70 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.6.3 Debugging</h4> -<p><a name="index-debugging-340"></a><a name="index-runtime-debugging-341"></a><a name="index-options-for-debugging-342"></a> -<a name="index-kpathsea_005fdebug-343"></a><a name="index-debug_002eh-344"></a>Kpathsea provides a number of runtime debugging options, detailed below +<p><a name="index-debugging-346"></a><a name="index-runtime-debugging-347"></a><a name="index-options-for-debugging-348"></a> +<a name="index-kpathsea_005fdebug-349"></a><a name="index-debug_002eh-350"></a>Kpathsea provides a number of runtime debugging options, detailed below by their names and corresponding numeric values. When the files you expect aren't being found, the thing to do is enable these options and examine the output. - <p>You can set these with some runtime argument (e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>') to the + <p>You can set these with some runtime argument (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’) to the program; in that case, you should use the numeric values described in the program's documentation (which, for Dvipsk and Xdvik, are different -than those below). It's best to give the `<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>' (or whatever) option +than those below). It's best to give the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’ (or whatever) option first, for maximal output. Dvipsk and Xdvik have additional program-specific debugging options as well. - <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-345"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_005fdebug-346"></a>You can also set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>; in this + <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-351"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_005fdebug-352"></a>You can also set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>; in this case, you should use the numbers below. If you run the program under a debugger and set the variable <code>kpathsea_debug</code>, also use the numbers below. - <p><a name="index-g_t_002d1-_0040r_007bdebugging-value_007d-347"></a>In any case, by far the simplest value to use is `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>', which will + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d1-_0040r_007bdebugging-value_007d-353"></a>In any case, by far the simplest value to use is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’, which will turn on all debugging output. This is usually better than guessing which particular values will yield the output you need. - <p><a name="index-debugging-output-348"></a><a name="index-standard-error-and-debugging-output-349"></a>Debugging output always goes to standard error, so you can redirect it + <p><a name="index-debugging-output-354"></a><a name="index-standard-error-and-debugging-output-355"></a>Debugging output always goes to standard error, so you can redirect it easily. For example, in Bourne-compatible shells: <pre class="example"> dvips -d -1 ... 2>/tmp/debug </pre> - <p><a name="index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging-350"></a>It is sometimes helpful to run the standalone Kpsewhich utility + <p><a name="index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging-356"></a>It is sometimes helpful to run the standalone Kpsewhich utility (see <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>), instead of the original program. - <p><a name="index-numeric-debugging-values-351"></a>In any case, you can <em>not</em> use the <em>names</em> below; you must + <p><a name="index-numeric-debugging-values-357"></a>In any case, you can <em>not</em> use the <em>names</em> below; you must always use somebody's numbers. (Sorry.) To set more than one option, just sum the corresponding numbers. <dl> -<dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT </code><span class="roman">(1)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_0040r_007b_00281_0029_007d-352"></a><dd>Report `<samp><span class="samp">stat</span></samp>'(2) calls. This is useful for verifying that your +<dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT </code><span class="roman">(1)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_0040r_007b_00281_0029_007d-358"></a><dd>Report ‘<samp><span class="samp">stat</span></samp>’(2) calls. This is useful for verifying that your directory structure is not forcing Kpathsea to do many additional file tests (see <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>, and see <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>). If you are using an up-to-date <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database (see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>), this should produce no output unless a nonexistent file that must exist is searched for. - <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH </code><span class="roman">(2)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_0040r_007b_00282_0029_007d-353"></a><dd>Report lookups in all hash tables: <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> + <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH </code><span class="roman">(2)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_0040r_007b_00282_0029_007d-359"></a><dd>Report lookups in all hash tables: <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> (see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>); font aliases (see <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>); and config file values (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). Useful when expected values are not being found, e.g.., file searches are looking at the disk instead of using <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>. - <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN </code><span class="roman">(4)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_0040r_007b_00284_0029_007d-354"></a><dd><a name="index-fopen_0040r_007b_002c-redefined_007d-355"></a>Report file openings and closings. Especially useful when your system's + <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN </code><span class="roman">(4)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_0040r_007b_00284_0029_007d-360"></a><dd><a name="index-fopen_0040r_007b_002c-redefined_007d-361"></a>Report file openings and closings. Especially useful when your system's file table is full, for seeing which files have been opened but never closed. In case you want to set breakpoints in a debugger: this works by -redefining `<samp><span class="samp">fopen</span></samp>' (`<samp><span class="samp">fclose</span></samp>') to be `<samp><span class="samp">kpse_fopen_trace</span></samp>' -(`<samp><span class="samp">kpse_fclose_trace</span></samp>'). +redefining ‘<samp><span class="samp">fopen</span></samp>’ (‘<samp><span class="samp">fclose</span></samp>’) to be ‘<samp><span class="samp">kpse_fopen_trace</span></samp>’ +(‘<samp><span class="samp">kpse_fclose_trace</span></samp>’). - <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS </code><span class="roman">(8)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_0040r_007b_00288_0029_007d-356"></a><dd><a name="index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype-357"></a>Report general path information for each file type Kpathsea is asked to + <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS </code><span class="roman">(8)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_0040r_007b_00288_0029_007d-362"></a><dd><a name="index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype-363"></a>Report general path information for each file type Kpathsea is asked to search. This is useful when you are trying to track down how a particular path got defined—from <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, an environment variable, the compile-time default, etc. This is the contents of the <code>kpse_format_info_type</code> structure defined in <samp><span class="file">tex-file.h</span></samp>. - <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND </code><span class="roman">(16)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_0040r_007b_002816_0029_007d-358"></a><dd>Report the directory list corresponding to each path element Kpathsea + <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND </code><span class="roman">(16)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_0040r_007b_002816_0029_007d-364"></a><dd>Report the directory list corresponding to each path element Kpathsea searches. This is only relevant when Kpathsea searches the disk, since <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> searches don't look through directory lists in this way. - <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH </code><span class="roman">(32)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_0040r_007b_002832_0029_007d-359"></a><dd>Report on each file search: the name of the file searched for, the path + <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH </code><span class="roman">(32)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_0040r_007b_002832_0029_007d-365"></a><dd>Report on each file search: the name of the file searched for, the path searched in, whether or not the file must exist (when drivers search for <samp><span class="file">cmr10.vf</span></samp>, it need not exist), and whether or not we are collecting all occurrences of the file in the path (as with, e.g., @@ -1834,12 +1947,12 @@ collecting all occurrences of the file in the path (as with, e.g., most lookups). This can help you correlate what Kpathsea is doing with what is in your input file. - <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS </code><span class="roman">(64)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_0040r_007b_002864_0029_007d-360"></a><dd>Report the value of each variable Kpathsea looks up. This is useful for + <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS </code><span class="roman">(64)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_0040r_007b_002864_0029_007d-366"></a><dd>Report the value of each variable Kpathsea looks up. This is useful for verifying that variables do indeed obtain their correct values. - <br><dt><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(128)</span><a name="index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028128_0029_007d-361"></a><dd>Activates debugging printout specific to <code>gsftopk</code> program. + <br><dt><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(128)</span><a name="index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028128_0029_007d-367"></a><dd>Activates debugging printout specific to <code>gsftopk</code> program. - <br><dt><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(512)</span><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028512_0029_007d-362"></a><dd>If you use the optional <code>mktex</code> programs instead of the + <br><dt><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(512)</span><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028512_0029_007d-368"></a><dd>If you use the optional <code>mktex</code> programs instead of the traditional shell scripts, this will report the name of the site file (<samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> by default) which is read, directories created by <code>mktexdir</code>, the full path of the <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database built by @@ -1847,12 +1960,12 @@ traditional shell scripts, this will report the name of the site file parameters from <code>mktexnam</code>, filenames added by <code>mktexupd</code>, and some subsidiary commands run by the programs. - <br><dt><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(1024)</span><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_00281024_0029_007d-363"></a><dd>When the optional <code>mktex</code> programs are used, this will print + <br><dt><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(1024)</span><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_00281024_0029_007d-369"></a><dd>When the optional <code>mktex</code> programs are used, this will print additional debugging info from functions internal to these programs. </dl> - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bkdebug_003a_007d-364"></a><a name="index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-_0040r_007bvariable-for-debugging_007d-365"></a><a name="index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing-366"></a>Debugging output from Kpathsea is always written to standard error, and -begins with the string `<samp><span class="samp">kdebug:</span></samp>'. (Except for hash table buckets, + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bkdebug_003a_007d-370"></a><a name="index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-_0040r_007bvariable-for-debugging_007d-371"></a><a name="index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing-372"></a>Debugging output from Kpathsea is always written to standard error, and +begins with the string ‘<samp><span class="samp">kdebug:</span></samp>’. (Except for hash table buckets, which just start with the number, but you can only get that output running under a debugger. See comments at the <code>hash_summary_only</code> variable in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/db.c</span></samp>.) @@ -1868,18 +1981,18 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.6.4 Logging</h4> -<p><a name="index-log-file-367"></a> -<a name="index-logging-successful-searches-368"></a><a name="index-recording-successful-searches-369"></a><a name="index-usage-patterns_002c-finding-370"></a><a name="index-disk-usage_002c-reducing-371"></a>Kpathsea can record the time and filename found for each successful +<p><a name="index-log-file-373"></a> +<a name="index-logging-successful-searches-374"></a><a name="index-recording-successful-searches-375"></a><a name="index-usage-patterns_002c-finding-376"></a><a name="index-disk-usage_002c-reducing-377"></a>Kpathsea can record the time and filename found for each successful search. This may be useful in finding good candidates for deletion when your filesystem is full, or in discovering usage patterns at your site. - <p><a name="index-TEXMFLOG-372"></a>To do this, define the environment or config file variable + <p><a name="index-TEXMFLOG-378"></a>To do this, define the environment or config file variable <code>TEXMFLOG</code>. The value is the name of the file to append the information to. The file is created if it doesn't exist, and appended to if it does. - <p><a name="index-epoch_002c-seconds-since-373"></a><a name="index-time-_0040r_007bsystem-call_007d-374"></a>Each successful search turns into one line in the log file: two words + <p><a name="index-epoch_002c-seconds-since-379"></a><a name="index-time-_0040r_007bsystem-call_007d-380"></a>Each successful search turns into one line in the log file: two words separated by a space. The first word is the time of the search, as the integer number of seconds since “the epoch”, i.e., UTC midnight 1 January 1970 (more precisely, the result of the <code>time</code> system @@ -1896,9 +2009,18 @@ call). The second word is the filename. 774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmr10.600pk 774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/texc.pro </pre> - <p><a name="index-privacy_002c-semblance-of-375"></a>Only filenames that are absolute are recorded, to preserve + <p><a name="index-privacy_002c-semblance-of-381"></a>Only filenames that are absolute are recorded, to preserve some semblance of privacy. + <p>In addition to this Kpathsea-specific logging, <samp><span class="command">pdftex</span></samp> +provides an option <samp><span class="option">-recorder</span></samp> to write the names of all files +accessed during a run to the file <samp><var>basefile</var><span class="file">.fls</span></samp>. + + <p>Finally, most systems provide a general tool to output each system +call, thus including opening and closing files. It might be named +<samp><span class="command">strace</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">truss</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">struss</span></samp>, or something +else. + <div class="node"> <p><hr> <a name="Common-problems"></a> @@ -1909,7 +2031,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a> <h4 class="subsection">2.6.5 Common problems</h4> -<p><a name="index-common-problems-376"></a><a name="index-problems_002c-common-377"></a><a name="index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea-378"></a> +<p><a name="index-common-problems-382"></a><a name="index-problems_002c-common-383"></a><a name="index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea-384"></a> Here are some common problems with configuration, compilation, linking, execution, <small class="dots">...</small> @@ -1936,7 +2058,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.1 Unable to find files</h5> -<p><a name="index-unable-to-find-files-379"></a><a name="index-files_002c-unable-to-find-380"></a> +<p><a name="index-unable-to-find-files-385"></a><a name="index-files_002c-unable-to-find-386"></a> If a program complains it cannot find fonts (or other input files), any of several things might be wrong. In any case, you may find the debugging options helpful. See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. @@ -1946,13 +2068,13 @@ debugging options helpful. See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. fonts and input files are distributed separately from the programs. See <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-381"></a><a name="index-environment-variables_002c-old-382"></a>You have (perhaps unknowingly) told Kpathsea to use search paths that + <li><a name="index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-387"></a><a name="index-environment-variables_002c-old-388"></a>You have (perhaps unknowingly) told Kpathsea to use search paths that don't reflect where the files actually are. One common cause is having environment variables set from a previous installation, thus overriding what you carefully set in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). System <samp><span class="file">/etc/profile</span></samp> or other files such may be the culprit. - <li><a name="index-symbolic-links-not-found-383"></a><a name="index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed-384"></a>Your files reside in a directory that is only pointed to via a symbolic + <li><a name="index-symbolic-links-not-found-389"></a><a name="index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed-390"></a>Your files reside in a directory that is only pointed to via a symbolic link, in a leaf directory and is not listed in <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>. <p>Unfortunately, Kpathsea's subdirectory searching has an irremediable @@ -1965,7 +2087,7 @@ the symbolic links will not be followed. See <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion"> in <var>d</var>. Then <var>d</var> will no longer be a leaf, and the symlinks will be followed. - <p>The directory immediately followed by the `<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>' in the path + <p>The directory immediately followed by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>’ in the path specification, however, is always searched for subdirectories, even if it is a leaf. Presumably you would not have asked for the directory to be searched for subdirectories if you didn't want it to be. @@ -1973,8 +2095,8 @@ be searched for subdirectories if you didn't want it to be. <li>If the fonts (or whatever) don't already exist, <code>mktexpk</code> (or <code>mktexmf</code> or <code>mktextfm</code>) will try to create them. If these rather complicated shell scripts fail, you'll eventually get an -error message saying something like `<samp><span class="samp">Can't find font -</span><var>fontname</var></samp>'. The best solution is to fix (or at least report) the +error message saying something like ‘<samp><span class="samp">Can't find font +</span><var>fontname</var></samp>’. The best solution is to fix (or at least report) the bug in <code>mktexpk</code>; the workaround is to generate the necessary fonts by hand with Metafont, or to grab them from a CTAN site (see <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). @@ -1993,7 +2115,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.2 Slow path searching</h5> -<p><a name="index-excessive-startup-time-385"></a><a name="index-slow-startup-time-386"></a><a name="index-startup-time_002c-excessive-387"></a> +<p><a name="index-excessive-startup-time-391"></a><a name="index-slow-startup-time-392"></a><a name="index-startup-time_002c-excessive-393"></a> If your program takes an excessively long time to find fonts or other input files, but does eventually succeed, here are some possible culprits: @@ -2030,14 +2152,14 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.3 Unable to generate fonts</h5> -<p><a name="index-unable-to-generate-fonts-388"></a><a name="index-font-generation-failures-389"></a> +<p><a name="index-unable-to-generate-fonts-394"></a><a name="index-font-generation-failures-395"></a> Metafont outputs fonts in bitmap format, tuned for a particular device at a particular resolution, in order to allow for the highest-possible quality of output. Some DVI-to-whatever programs, such as Dvips, try to generate these on the fly when they are needed, but this generation may fail in several cases. - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-can_0027t-guess-mode-390"></a>If <code>mktexpk</code> runs, but fails with this error: + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-can_0027t-guess-mode-396"></a>If <code>mktexpk</code> runs, but fails with this error: <pre class="example"> mktexpk: Can't guess mode for <var>nnn</var> dpi devices. mktexpk: Use a config file to specify the mode, or update me. </pre> @@ -2055,14 +2177,14 @@ a configuration file: <pre class="example"> D 360 M lqmed </pre> - <p><a name="index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device-391"></a><a name="index-device_002c-wrong-392"></a>If Metafont runs, but generates fonts at the wrong resolution or for + <p><a name="index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device-397"></a><a name="index-device_002c-wrong-398"></a>If Metafont runs, but generates fonts at the wrong resolution or for the wrong device, most likely <code>mktexpk</code>'s built-in guess for the mode is wrong, and you should override it as above. <p>See <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode names for most devices (additional submissions are welcome). - <p><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-393"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-394"></a><a name="index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts-395"></a><a name="index-proof-mode-396"></a><a name="index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious-397"></a>If Metafont runs but generates fonts at a resolution of 2602<span class="dmn">dpi</span> + <p><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-399"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-400"></a><a name="index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts-401"></a><a name="index-proof-mode-402"></a><a name="index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious-403"></a>If Metafont runs but generates fonts at a resolution of 2602<span class="dmn">dpi</span> (and prints out the name of each character as well as just a character number, and maybe tries to display the characters), then your Metafont base file probably hasn't been made properly. (It's using the default @@ -2072,14 +2194,14 @@ a file <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, run the following comman <pre class="example"> inimf "plain; input modes; dump" </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-plain_002ebase-398"></a>Then copy the <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> file from the current directory to where + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-plain_002ebase-404"></a>Then copy the <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> file from the current directory to where the base files are stored on your system (<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and make a link (either hard or soft) from <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> to <samp><span class="file">mf.base</span></samp> in that directory. See <a href="web2c.html#inimf-invocation">inimf invocation</a>. - <p><a name="index-Metafont-installation-399"></a>If <code>mf</code> is a command not found at all by <code>mktexpk</code>, then you + <p><a name="index-Metafont-installation-405"></a>If <code>mf</code> is a command not found at all by <code>mktexpk</code>, then you need to install Metafont (see <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). <div class="node"> @@ -2093,7 +2215,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing</h5> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-failures-400"></a><a name="index-Metafont-failures-401"></a><a name="index-compiler-bugs-402"></a>If TeX or Metafont get a segmentation fault or otherwise fail while +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-failures-406"></a><a name="index-Metafont-failures-407"></a><a name="index-compiler-bugs-408"></a>If TeX or Metafont get a segmentation fault or otherwise fail while running a normal input file, the problem is usually a compiler bug (unlikely as that may sound). Even if the trip and trap tests are passed, problems may lurk. Optimization occasionally causes trouble in @@ -2102,26 +2224,26 @@ programs other than TeX and Metafont themselves, too. <p>Insufficient swap space may also cause core dumps or other erratic behavior. - <p><a name="index-optimization-caveat-403"></a>For a workaround, if you enabled any optimization flags, it's best to + <p><a name="index-optimization-caveat-409"></a>For a workaround, if you enabled any optimization flags, it's best to omit optimization entirely. In any case, the way to find the facts is to run the program under the debugger and see where it's failing. - <p><a name="index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs-404"></a><a name="index-system-C-compiler-bugs-405"></a>Also, if you have trouble with a system C compiler, I advise trying the + <p><a name="index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs-410"></a><a name="index-system-C-compiler-bugs-411"></a>Also, if you have trouble with a system C compiler, I advise trying the GNU C compiler. And vice versa, unfortunately; but in that case I also recommend reporting a bug to the GCC mailing list; see <a href="gcc.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>. - <p><a name="index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding-406"></a>To report compiler bugs effectively requires perseverance and + <p><a name="index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding-412"></a>To report compiler bugs effectively requires perseverance and perspicacity: you must find the miscompiled line, and that usually involves delving backwards in time from the point of error, checking through TeX's (or whatever program's) data structures. Things are not helped by all-too-common bugs in the debugger itself. Good luck. - <p><a name="index-ANSI-C-407"></a><a name="index-HP_002dUX_002c-compiling-on-408"></a><a name="index-compiling-on-HP_002dUX-409"></a>One known cause of trouble is the way arrays are handled. Some of the + <p><a name="index-ANSI-C-413"></a><a name="index-HP_002dUX_002c-compiling-on-414"></a><a name="index-compiling-on-HP_002dUX-415"></a>One known cause of trouble is the way arrays are handled. Some of the Pascal arrays have a lower index other than 0, and the C code will take the pointer to the allocated memory, subtract the lower index, and use the resulting pointer for the array. While this trick often works, ANSI C doesn't guarantee that it will. It it known to fail on HP-UX 10 -mchines when the native compiler is used, unless the `<samp><span class="samp">+u</span></samp>' compiler +mchines when the native compiler is used, unless the ‘<samp><span class="samp">+u</span></samp>’ compiler switch was specified. Using GCC will work on this platform as well. <div class="node"> @@ -2135,7 +2257,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.5 Empty Makefiles</h5> -<p><a name="index-Makefiles_002c-empty-410"></a><a name="index-sed-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-411"></a><a name="index-configure-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bsed_007d_007d-412"></a><a name="index-NetBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-413"></a><a name="index-FreeBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-414"></a><a name="index-Mach10-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-415"></a><a name="index-AIX-4_002e1-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-416"></a><a name="index-NeXT-_0040code_007bsed_007d-error-417"></a> +<p><a name="index-Makefiles_002c-empty-416"></a><a name="index-sed-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-417"></a><a name="index-configure-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bsed_007d_007d-418"></a><a name="index-NetBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-419"></a><a name="index-FreeBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-420"></a><a name="index-Mach10-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-421"></a><a name="index-AIX-4_002e1-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-422"></a><a name="index-NeXT-_0040code_007bsed_007d-error-423"></a> On some systems (NetBSD, FreeBSD, AIX 4.1, and Mach10), <code>configure</code> may fail to properly create the Makefiles. Instead, you get an error which looks something like this: @@ -2174,8 +2296,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.6 <code>XtStrings</code></h5> -<p><a name="index-XtStrings-418"></a>You may find that linking X programs results in an error from the linker -that `<samp><span class="samp">XtStrings</span></samp>' is undefined, something like this: +<p><a name="index-XtStrings-424"></a>You may find that linking X programs results in an error from the linker +that ‘<samp><span class="samp">XtStrings</span></samp>’ is undefined, something like this: <pre class="example"> gcc -o virmf ... .../x11.c:130: undefined reference to `XtStrings' @@ -2185,10 +2307,10 @@ with which you compiled and the X libraries with which you linked; often, the include files are from MIT and the libraries from Sun. <p>The solution is to use the same X distribution for compilation and -linking. Probably `<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>' was unable to guess the proper +linking. Probably ‘<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>’ was unable to guess the proper directories from your installation. You can use the <code>configure</code> -options `<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>path</var></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>path</var></samp>' to explicitly specify them. +options ‘<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>path</var></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>path</var></samp>’ to explicitly specify them. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2201,12 +2323,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.7 <code>dlopen</code></h5> -<p><a name="index-static-linking-and-_0040code_007bdlsym_007d-419"></a><a name="index-dlopen-420"></a><a name="index-dlsym-421"></a><a name="index-dlclose-422"></a><a name="index-wcstombs-423"></a><a name="index-libdl_002ea-424"></a>(This section adapted from the file <samp><span class="file">dlsym.c</span></samp> in the X distribution.) +<p><a name="index-static-linking-and-_0040code_007bdlsym_007d-425"></a><a name="index-dlopen-426"></a><a name="index-dlsym-427"></a><a name="index-dlclose-428"></a><a name="index-wcstombs-429"></a><a name="index-libdl_002ea-430"></a>(This section adapted from the file <samp><span class="file">dlsym.c</span></samp> in the X distribution.) <p>The <code>Xlib</code> library uses the standard C function <code>wcstombs</code>. -Under SunOS 4.1, <code>wcstombs</code> uses the `<samp><span class="samp">dlsym</span></samp>' interface defined +Under SunOS 4.1, <code>wcstombs</code> uses the ‘<samp><span class="samp">dlsym</span></samp>’ interface defined in <samp><span class="file">libdl.so</span></samp>. Unfortunately, the SunOS 4.1 distribution does not -include a static `<samp><span class="samp">libdl.a</span></samp>' library. +include a static ‘<samp><span class="samp">libdl.a</span></samp>’ library. <p>As a result, if you try to link an X program statically under SunOS, you may get undefined references to <code>dlopen</code>, <code>dlsym</code>, and @@ -2217,7 +2339,7 @@ when you link: void *dlsym() { return 0; } int dlclose() { return -1; } </pre> - <p><a name="index-dlsym_002ec-425"></a>These are contained in the <samp><span class="file">dlsym.c</span></samp> file in the MIT X + <p><a name="index-dlsym_002ec-431"></a>These are contained in the <samp><span class="file">dlsym.c</span></samp> file in the MIT X distribution. <div class="node"> @@ -2231,19 +2353,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.8 <code>ShellWidgetClass</code></h5> -<p><a name="index-dynamic-linking-problems-with-OpenWin-libraries-426"></a><a name="index-OpenWin-libraries_002c-dynamic-linking-problems-427"></a><a name="index-get_005fwmShellWidgetClass-428"></a><a name="index-get_005fapplicationShellWidgetClass-429"></a> -<a name="index-comp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin-_0040r_007bFAQ_007d-430"></a><a name="index-FAQ_002c-_0040t_007bcomp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin_007d-431"></a>(This section adapted from the <tt>comp.sys.sun.admin</tt> FAQ.) +<p><a name="index-dynamic-linking-problems-with-OpenWin-libraries-432"></a><a name="index-OpenWin-libraries_002c-dynamic-linking-problems-433"></a><a name="index-get_005fwmShellWidgetClass-434"></a><a name="index-get_005fapplicationShellWidgetClass-435"></a> +<a name="index-comp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin-_0040r_007bFAQ_007d-436"></a><a name="index-FAQ_002c-_0040t_007bcomp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin_007d-437"></a>(This section adapted from the <tt>comp.sys.sun.admin</tt> FAQ.) <p>If you are linking with Sun's OpenWindows libraries in SunOS 4.1.x, you may get undefined symbols <code>_get_wmShellWidgetClass</code> and <code>_get_applicationShellWidgetClass</code> when linking. This problem does not arise using the standard MIT X libraries under SunOS. - <p><a name="index-Xmu-_0040r_007blibrary-problems_007d-432"></a>The cause is bugs in the <code>Xmu</code> shared library as shipped from Sun. + <p><a name="index-Xmu-_0040r_007blibrary-problems_007d-438"></a>The cause is bugs in the <code>Xmu</code> shared library as shipped from Sun. There are several fixes: <ul> -<li>Install the free MIT distribution from `<samp><span class="samp">ftp.x.org</span></samp>' and mirrors. +<li>Install the free MIT distribution from ‘<samp><span class="samp">ftp.x.org</span></samp>’ and mirrors. <li>Get the OpenWindows patches listed below. @@ -2257,7 +2379,7 @@ compiling Xdvi, see the <code>-DNOTOOL</code> option in <samp><span class="file" </ul> - <p><a name="index-Sun-OpenWin-patches-433"></a><a name="index-patches_002c-Sun-OpenWin-434"></a>Here is the information for getting the two patches: + <p><a name="index-Sun-OpenWin-patches-439"></a><a name="index-patches_002c-Sun-OpenWin-440"></a>Here is the information for getting the two patches: <pre class="display"> Patch ID: 100512-02 Bug ID's: 1086793, 1086912, 1074766 @@ -2267,14 +2389,14 @@ compiling Xdvi, see the <code>-DNOTOOL</code> option in <samp><span class="file" Bug ID: 1087332 Description: 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined symbols when using shared <code>libXmu</code>. </pre> - <p><a name="index-static-linking-435"></a>The way to statically link with <code>libXmu</code> depends on whether you are + <p><a name="index-static-linking-441"></a>The way to statically link with <code>libXmu</code> depends on whether you are using a Sun compiler (e.g., <code>cc</code>) or <code>gcc</code>. If the latter, alter the <code>x_libs</code> Make variable to include - <p><a name="index-g_t_002dstatic-436"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddynamic-437"></a> + <p><a name="index-g_t_002dstatic-442"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddynamic-443"></a> <pre class="example"> -static -lXmu -dynamic </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002dBstatic-438"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dBdynamic-439"></a>If you are using the Sun compiler, use `<samp><span class="samp">-Bstatic</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-Bdynamic</span></samp>'. + <p><a name="index-g_t_002dBstatic-444"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dBdynamic-445"></a>If you are using the Sun compiler, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Bstatic</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Bdynamic</span></samp>’. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2286,7 +2408,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.9 Pointer combination warnings</h5> -<p><a name="index-warnings_002c-pointer-combinations-440"></a><a name="index-pointer-combination-warnings-441"></a><a name="index-illegal-pointer-combination-warnings-442"></a><a name="index-cc-_0040r_007bwarnings_007d-443"></a>When compiling with old C compilers, you may get some warnings about +<p><a name="index-warnings_002c-pointer-combinations-446"></a><a name="index-pointer-combination-warnings-447"></a><a name="index-illegal-pointer-combination-warnings-448"></a><a name="index-cc-_0040r_007bwarnings_007d-449"></a>When compiling with old C compilers, you may get some warnings about “illegal pointer combinations”. These are spurious; just ignore them. I decline to clutter up the source with casts to get rid of them. @@ -2354,7 +2476,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">3 Path searching</h2> -<p><a name="index-path-searching-444"></a> +<p><a name="index-path-searching-450"></a> This chapter describes the generic path searching mechanism Kpathsea provides. For information about searching for particular file types (e.g., TeX fonts), see the next chapter. @@ -2377,37 +2499,38 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a> <h3 class="section">3.1 Searching overview</h3> -<p><a name="index-searching-overview-445"></a><a name="index-path-searching_002c-overview-446"></a><a name="index-overview-of-path-searching-447"></a> -<a name="index-search-path_002c-defined-448"></a>A <dfn>search path</dfn> is a colon-separated list of <dfn>path elements</dfn>, +<p><a name="index-searching-overview-451"></a><a name="index-path-searching_002c-overview-452"></a><a name="index-overview-of-path-searching-453"></a> +<a name="index-search-path_002c-defined-454"></a>A <dfn>search path</dfn> is a colon-separated list of <dfn>path elements</dfn>, which are directory names with a few extra frills. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources; see below. To look up a file -`<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>' along a path `<samp><span class="samp">.:/dir</span></samp>', Kpathsea checks each element of +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ along a path ‘<samp><span class="samp">.:/dir</span></samp>’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in turn: first <samp><span class="file">./foo</span></samp>, then <samp><span class="file">/dir/foo</span></samp>, returning the first match (or possibly all matches). - <p><a name="index-magic-characters-449"></a><a name="index-g_t_003a-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_003a_007d-450"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_002f_007d-451"></a>The “colon” and “slash” mentioned here aren't necessarily `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>' -and `<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>' on non-Unix systems. Kpathsea tries to adapt to other + <p><a name="index-magic-characters-455"></a><a name="index-g_t_003a-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_003a_007d-456"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_002f_007d-457"></a>The “colon” and “slash” mentioned here aren't necessarily ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ on non-Unix systems. Kpathsea tries to adapt to other operating systems' conventions. - <p><a name="index-database-search-452"></a><a name="index-searching-the-database-453"></a>To check a particular path element <var>e</var>, Kpathsea first sees if a + <p><a name="index-database-search-458"></a><a name="index-searching-the-database-459"></a>To check a particular path element <var>e</var>, Kpathsea first sees if a prebuilt database (see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>) applies to <var>e</var>, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of <var>e</var>. If so, the path specification is matched against the contents of the database. - <p><a name="index-floating-directories-454"></a><a name="index-filesystem-search-455"></a><a name="index-disk-search-456"></a><a name="index-searching-the-disk-457"></a>If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, + <p><a name="index-floating-directories-460"></a><a name="index-filesystem-search-461"></a><a name="index-disk-search-462"></a><a name="index-searching-the-disk-463"></a>If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this was not -forbidden by the specification with `<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>' and if the file being +forbidden by the specification with ‘<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>’ and if the file being searched for must exist). Kpathsea constructs the list of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks in each for the file being searched for. (To help speed future lookups of files in the same directory, the directory in which a file is found is floated to the top of the directory list.) - <p><a name="index-must-exist-458"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-not-found-459"></a><a name="index-cmr10_002evf-460"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenin-461"></a>The “file must exist” condition comes into play with VF files and -input files read by the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\openin</span></samp>' command. These files may -not exist (consider <samp><span class="file">cmr10.vf</span></samp>), and so it would be wrong to search -the disk for them. Therefore, if you fail to update <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> when -you install a new VF file, it will never be found. + <p><a name="index-must-exist-464"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-not-found-465"></a><a name="index-cmr10_002evf-466"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenin-467"></a>The “file must exist” condition comes into play with VF files and +input files read by the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">\openin</span></samp>’ command. These files +might very well not exist (consider <samp><span class="file">cmr10.vf</span></samp>), and so it would +be wrong to search the disk for them. Therefore, if you fail to +update <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> when you install a new VF file, it will not be +found. <p>Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops and the result is returned. This @@ -2415,7 +2538,7 @@ avoids possibly-expensive processing of path specifications that are never needed on a particular run. (Unless the search explicitly requested all matches.) - <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-path-element-462"></a>Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, + <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-path-element-468"></a>Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users' home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that @@ -2424,16 +2547,16 @@ magic specifications into the basic directory name or names. This process is described in the sections below. It happens in the same order as the sections. - <p><a name="index-absolute-filenames-463"></a><a name="index-relative-filenames-464"></a><a name="index-explicitly-relative-filenames-465"></a><a name="index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative-466"></a>Exception to all of the above: If the filename being searched for is -absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with `<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>' -or `<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>', Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists. + <p><a name="index-absolute-filenames-469"></a><a name="index-relative-filenames-470"></a><a name="index-explicitly-relative-filenames-471"></a><a name="index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative-472"></a>Exception to all of the above: If the filename being searched for is +absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>’ +or ‘<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists. - <p><a name="index-permission-denied-467"></a><a name="index-unreadable-files-468"></a><a name="index-access-warnings-469"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-file-access-470"></a><a name="index-lost_002bfound-_0040r_007bdirectory_007d-471"></a><a name="index-TEX_005fHUSH-472"></a>Ordinarily, if Kpathsea tries to access a file or directory that cannot -be read, it gives a warning. This is so you will be alerted to -directories or files that accidentally lack read permission (for -example, a <samp><span class="file">lost+found</span></samp>). If you prefer not to see these warnings, -include the value `<samp><span class="samp">readable</span></samp>' in the <code>TEX_HUSH</code> environment -variable or config file value. + <p><a name="index-permission-denied-473"></a><a name="index-unreadable-files-474"></a><a name="index-access-warnings-475"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-file-access-476"></a><a name="index-lost_002bfound-_0040r_007bdirectory_007d-477"></a><a name="index-TEX_005fHUSH-478"></a>Ordinarily, if Kpathsea tries to access a file or directory that +cannot be read, it gives a warning. This is so you will be alerted to +directories or files that accidentally lack any read permission (for +example, a <samp><span class="file">lost+found</span></samp> directory). If you prefer not to see +these warnings, include the value ‘<samp><span class="samp">readable</span></samp>’ in the +<code>TEX_HUSH</code> environment variable or config file value. <p>This generic path searching algorithm is implemented in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/pathsearch.c</span></samp>. It is employed by a higher-level @@ -2450,23 +2573,23 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a> <h3 class="section">3.2 Path sources</h3> -<p><a name="index-path-sources-473"></a><a name="index-sources-for-search-paths-474"></a> +<p><a name="index-path-sources-479"></a><a name="index-sources-for-search-paths-480"></a> A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path-475"></a>A user-set environment variable, e.g., <code>TEXINPUTS</code>. +<li><a name="index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path-481"></a>A user-set environment variable, e.g., <code>TEXINPUTS</code>. Environment variables with an underscore and the program name appended override; for example, <code>TEXINPUTS_latex</code> overrides <code>TEXINPUTS</code> -if the program being run is named `<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>'. +if the program being run is named ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’. - <li>A program-specific configuration file, e.g., an `<samp><span class="samp">S /a:/b</span></samp>' line in + <li>A program-specific configuration file, e.g., an ‘<samp><span class="samp">S /a:/b</span></samp>’ line in Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> (see <a href="dvips.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). - <li><a name="index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path-476"></a><a name="index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path-477"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-source-for-path_007d-478"></a>A line in a Kpathsea configuration file <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, e.g., -`<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span></samp>' (see below). + <li><a name="index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path-482"></a><a name="index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path-483"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-source-for-path_007d-484"></a>A line in a Kpathsea configuration file <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, e.g., +‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span></samp>’ (see below). - <li><a name="index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path-479"></a>The compile-time default (specified in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/paths.h</span></samp>). + <li><a name="index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path-485"></a>The compile-time default (specified in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/paths.h</span></samp>). </ol> <p>You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the @@ -2487,8 +2610,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Config files</h4> -<p><a name="index-config-files-480"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-definition-for_007d-481"></a> -<a name="index-runtime-configuration-files-482"></a><a name="index-TEXMFCNF-483"></a>As mentioned above, Kpathsea reads <dfn>runtime configuration files</dfn> +<p><a name="index-config-files-486"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-definition-for_007d-487"></a> +<a name="index-runtime-configuration-files-488"></a><a name="index-TEXMFCNF-489"></a>As mentioned above, Kpathsea reads <dfn>runtime configuration files</dfn> named <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> for search path and other definitions. The search path used to look for these configuration files is named <code>TEXMFCNF</code>, and is constructed in the usual way, as described @@ -2498,44 +2621,50 @@ them. <p>Kpathsea reads <em>all</em> <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> files in the search path, not just the first one found; definitions in earlier files override those in -later files. Thus, if the search path is `<samp><span class="samp">.:$TEXMF</span></samp>', values from +later files. Thus, if the search path is ‘<samp><span class="samp">.:$TEXMF</span></samp>’, values from <samp><span class="file">./texmf.cnf</span></samp> override those from <samp><span class="file">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></samp>. + <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fWARNING-490"></a><a name="index-warning_002c-about-missing-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-491"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-missing_002c-warning-about-492"></a>If Kpathsea cannot find any <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> file, it reports a +warning including all the directories it checked. If you don't want +to see this warning, set the environment variable +<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_WARNING</span></samp> to the single character ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’ (zero, not +oh). + <p>While (or instead of) reading this description, you may find it helpful to look at the distributed <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, which uses or at least mentions most features. The format of <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> files follows: <ul> -<li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-484"></a>Comments start with `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' and continue to the end of the line. +<li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-493"></a>Comments start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ and continue to the end of the line. - <li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-485"></a>Blank lines are ignored. + <li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-494"></a>Blank lines are ignored. - <li><a name="index-backslash_002dnewline-486"></a><a name="index-continuation-character-487"></a><a name="index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines-488"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040r_007b_002c-line-continuation-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d_007d-489"></a>A `<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>' at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., + <li><a name="index-backslash_002dnewline-495"></a><a name="index-continuation-character-496"></a><a name="index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines-497"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040r_007b_002c-line-continuation-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d_007d-498"></a>A ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., the next line is appended. Whitespace at the beginning of continuation lines is not ignored. <li>Each remaining line must look like <pre class="example"> <var>variable</var> <span class="roman">[</span>. <var>progname</var><span class="roman">]</span> <span class="roman">[</span>=<span class="roman">]</span> <var>value</var> - </pre> - <p class="noindent">where the `<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>' and surrounding whitespace is optional. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">where the ‘<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>’ and surrounding whitespace is optional. - <li><a name="index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in-490"></a>The <var>variable</var> name may contain any character other than whitespace, -`<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>', or `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>', but sticking to `<samp><span class="samp">A-Za-z_</span></samp>' is safest. + <li><a name="index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in-499"></a>The <var>variable</var> name may contain any character other than whitespace, +‘<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>’, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’, but sticking to ‘<samp><span class="samp">A-Za-z_</span></samp>’ is safest. - <li>If `<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>progname</var></samp>' is present, the definition only + <li>If ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>progname</var></samp>’ is present, the definition only applies if the program that is running is named (i.e., the last component of <code>argv[0]</code> is) <var>progname</var> or <samp><var>progname</var><span class="file">.exe</span></samp>. This allows different flavors of TeX to have different search paths, for example. - <li><a name="index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments-491"></a><var>value</var> may contain any characters except `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>'. + <li><a name="index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments-500"></a><var>value</var> may contain any characters except ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’. (These restrictions are only necessary because of the processing done on <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> at build time, so you can stick those characters in -after installation if you have to.) The `<samp><span class="samp">$</span><var>var</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>prog</var></samp>' +after installation if you have to.) The ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span><var>var</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>prog</var></samp>’ feature is not available on the right-hand side; instead, you must use -an additional variable (see below for example). A `<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>' in -<var>value</var> is translated to `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>' if running under Unix; this is +an additional variable (see below for example). A ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ in +<var>value</var> is translated to ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ if running under Unix; this is useful to write a single <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> which can be used under both Unix and NT. @@ -2555,7 +2684,7 @@ these points: TEXINPUTS.latex2e = $latex2e_inputs TEXINPUTS.latex = $latex2e_inputs </pre> - <p><a name="index-shell-scripts-as-configuration-files-492"></a><a name="index-configuration-files-as-shell-scripts_002e-493"></a>Although this format has obvious similarities to Bourne shell + <p><a name="index-shell-scripts-as-configuration-files-501"></a><a name="index-configuration-files-as-shell-scripts_002e-502"></a>Although this format has obvious similarities to Bourne shell scripts—change the comment character to <code>#</code>, disallow spaces around the <code>=</code>, and get rid of the <code>.</code><var>name</var> convention, and it could be run through the shell. But there seemed little @@ -2563,7 +2692,7 @@ advantage to doing this, since all the information would have to passed back to Kpathsea and parsed there anyway, since the <code>sh</code> process couldn't affect its parent's environment. - <p><a name="index-cnf_002ec-494"></a>The implementation of all this is in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/cnf.c</span></samp>. + <p><a name="index-cnf_002ec-503"></a>The implementation of all this is in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/cnf.c</span></samp>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2576,10 +2705,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a> <h3 class="section">3.3 Path expansion</h3> -<p><a name="index-path-expansion-495"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-search-path-496"></a> +<p><a name="index-path-expansion-504"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-search-path-505"></a> Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to that in shells. As a general example: -`<samp><span class="samp">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></samp>' expands to all subdirectories under +‘<samp><span class="samp">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></samp>’ expands to all subdirectories under directories <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">bar</span></samp> in <tt>$USER</tt>'s home directory that contain a directory or file <samp><span class="file">baz</span></samp>. These expansions are explained in the sections below. @@ -2603,7 +2732,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.1 Default expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_003a_003a-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-497"></a><a name="index-doubled-colons-498"></a><a name="index-leading-colons-499"></a><a name="index-trailing-colons-500"></a><a name="index-extra-colons-501"></a><a name="index-default-expansion-502"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-default-503"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_003a_003a-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-506"></a><a name="index-doubled-colons-507"></a><a name="index-leading-colons-508"></a><a name="index-trailing-colons-509"></a><a name="index-extra-colons-510"></a><a name="index-default-expansion-511"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-default-512"></a> If the highest-priority search path (see <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>) contains an <dfn>extra colon</dfn> (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is @@ -2625,7 +2754,7 @@ value has unpredictable results, so installers beware.) </pre> <p>Put another way, default expansion works on “formats” (search paths), and not directly on environment variables. Example, showing -the trailing `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>' ignored in the first case and expanded in the second: +the trailing ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ ignored in the first case and expanded in the second: <pre class="example"> $ env TTFONTS=/tmp: kpsewhich --expand-path '$TTFONTS' /tmp @@ -2640,14 +2769,14 @@ Or, with Dvips' configuration files, that an extra colon in This doesn't happen. It's not clear this would be desirable in all cases, and trying to devise a way to specify the path to which the extra colon should expand seemed truly baroque. -<a name="index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian-504"></a> +<a name="index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian-513"></a> Technicality: Since it would be useless to insert the default value in -more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>' and leaves +more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ and leaves any others in place (they will eventually be ignored). Kpathsea checks -first for a leading `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>', then a trailing `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>', then a doubled -`<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>'. +first for a leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’, then a trailing ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’, then a doubled +‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-kdefault_002ec-505"></a>You can trace this by debugging “paths” (see <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>). + <p><a name="index-kdefault_002ec-514"></a>You can trace this by debugging “paths” (see <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>). Default expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/kdefault.c</span></samp>. @@ -2662,19 +2791,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.2 Variable expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-506"></a><a name="index-environment-variables-in-paths-507"></a><a name="index-variable-expansion-508"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-variable-509"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-and-variable-expansion_007d-510"></a> -`<samp><span class="samp">$foo</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">${foo}</span></samp>' in a path element is replaced by (1) the -value of an environment variable `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>' (if defined); (2) the value -of `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>' from <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (if defined); (3) the empty string. +<p><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-515"></a><a name="index-environment-variables-in-paths-516"></a><a name="index-variable-expansion-517"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-variable-518"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-and-variable-expansion_007d-519"></a> +‘<samp><span class="samp">$foo</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">${foo}</span></samp>’ in a path element is replaced by (1) the +value of an environment variable ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ (if defined); (2) the value +of ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ from <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (if defined); (3) the empty string. - <p>If the character after the `<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>' is alphanumeric or `<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>', the + <p>If the character after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ is alphanumeric or ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’, the variable name consists of all consecutive such characters. If the -character after the `<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>' is a `<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>', the variable name consists -of everything up to the next `<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>' (braces may not be nested around +character after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ is a ‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’, the variable name consists +of everything up to the next ‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ (braces may not be nested around variable names). Otherwise, Kpathsea gives a warning and ignores the -`<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>' and its following character. +‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ and its following character. - <p><a name="index-quoting-variable-values-511"></a><a name="index-shell-variables-512"></a>You must quote the <tt>$</tt>'s and braces as necessary for your shell. + <p><a name="index-quoting-variable-values-520"></a><a name="index-shell-variables-521"></a>You must quote the <tt>$</tt>'s and braces as necessary for your shell. <em>Shell</em> variable values cannot be seen by Kpathsea, i.e., ones defined by <code>set</code> in C shells and without <code>export</code> in Bourne shells. @@ -2686,12 +2815,12 @@ shells. <p class="noindent">the final <code>TEXINPUTS</code> path is the three directories: <pre class="example"> .:/home/texmf:/home/texmfprev </pre> - <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>progname</var></samp>' suffix on variables and -`<samp><span class="samp">_</span><var>progname</var></samp>' on environment variable names are not implemented + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>progname</var></samp>’ suffix on variables and +‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span><var>progname</var></samp>’ on environment variable names are not implemented for general variable expansions. These are only recognized when search paths are initialized (see <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>). - <p><a name="index-variable_002ec-513"></a>Variable expansion is implemented in the source file + <p><a name="index-variable_002ec-522"></a>Variable expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/variable.c</span></samp>. <div class="node"> @@ -2705,11 +2834,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.3 Tilde expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-514"></a><a name="index-home-directories-in-paths-515"></a><a name="index-tilde-expansion-516"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-tilde-517"></a> -<a name="index-HOME_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-518"></a>A leading `<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>' in a path element is replaced by the value of the -environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> if <code>HOME</code> is not set. +<p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-523"></a><a name="index-home-directories-in-paths-524"></a><a name="index-tilde-expansion-525"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-tilde-526"></a> +<a name="index-HOME_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-527"></a><a name="index-USERPROFILE_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-528"></a>A leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ in a path element is replaced by the value of the +environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> if <code>HOME</code> is not +set. On Windows, the environment variable <code>USERPROFILE</code> is +checked instead of <code>HOME</code>. - <p>A leading `<samp><span class="samp">~</span><var>user</var></samp>' in a path element is replaced by + <p>A leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span><var>user</var></samp>’ in a path element is replaced by <var>user</var>'s home directory from the system <samp><span class="file">passwd</span></samp> database. <p>For example, @@ -2718,13 +2849,13 @@ environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or <samp><span class="file">.</span></sa <p class="noindent">will prepend a directory <samp><span class="file">mymacros</span></samp> in your home directory to the default path. - <p><a name="index-g_t_0040t_007broot_007d-user-519"></a><a name="index-trailing-_0040samp_007b_002f_007d-in-home-directory-520"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0040r_007b_002c-trailing-in-home-directory_007d-521"></a>As a special case, if a home directory ends in `<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>', the trailing -slash is dropped, to avoid inadvertently creating a `<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>' construct -in the path. For example, if the home directory of the user `<samp><span class="samp">root</span></samp>' -is `<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>', the path element `<samp><span class="samp">~root/mymacros</span></samp>' expands to just -`<samp><span class="samp">/mymacros</span></samp>', not `<samp><span class="samp">//mymacros</span></samp>'. + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040t_007broot_007d-user-529"></a><a name="index-trailing-_0040samp_007b_002f_007d-in-home-directory-530"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0040r_007b_002c-trailing-in-home-directory_007d-531"></a>As a special case, if a home directory ends in ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’, the trailing +slash is dropped, to avoid inadvertently creating a ‘<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>’ construct +in the path. For example, if the home directory of the user ‘<samp><span class="samp">root</span></samp>’ +is ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’, the path element ‘<samp><span class="samp">~root/mymacros</span></samp>’ expands to just +‘<samp><span class="samp">/mymacros</span></samp>’, not ‘<samp><span class="samp">//mymacros</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-tilde_002ec-522"></a>Tilde expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tilde.c</span></samp>. + <p><a name="index-tilde_002ec-532"></a>Tilde expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tilde.c</span></samp>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2737,30 +2868,30 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.4 Brace expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-523"></a><a name="index-brace-expansion-524"></a> -`<samp><span class="samp">x{</span><var>a</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>b</var><span class="samp">}y</span></samp>' expands to `<samp><span class="samp">x</span><var>a</var><span class="samp">y:x</span><var>b</var><span class="samp">y</span></samp>'. +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-533"></a><a name="index-brace-expansion-534"></a> +‘<samp><span class="samp">x{</span><var>a</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>b</var><span class="samp">}y</span></samp>’ expands to ‘<samp><span class="samp">x</span><var>a</var><span class="samp">y:x</span><var>b</var><span class="samp">y</span></samp>’. For example: <pre class="example"> foo/{1,2}/baz </pre> - <p class="noindent">expands to `<samp><span class="samp">foo/1/baz:foo/2/baz</span></samp>'. `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>' is the path -separator on the current system; e.g., on a DOS system, it's `<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>'. + <p class="noindent">expands to ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo/1/baz:foo/2/baz</span></samp>’. ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ is the path +separator on the current system; e.g., on a DOS system, it's ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’. - <p>Braces can be nested; for example, `<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B{1,2}}y</span></samp>' expands to -`<samp><span class="samp">xAy:xB1y:xB2y</span></samp>'. + <p>Braces can be nested; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B{1,2}}y</span></samp>’ expands to +‘<samp><span class="samp">xAy:xB1y:xB2y</span></samp>’. <p>Multiple non-nested braces are expanded from right to left; for example, -`<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B}{1,2}y</span></samp>' expands to `<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B}1y:x{A,B}2y</span></samp>', which -expands to `<samp><span class="samp">xA1y:xB1y:xA2y:xB2y</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B}{1,2}y</span></samp>’ expands to ‘<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B}1y:x{A,B}2y</span></samp>’, which +expands to ‘<samp><span class="samp">xA1y:xB1y:xA2y:xB2y</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-multiple-_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchies-525"></a>This feature can be used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by + <p><a name="index-multiple-_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchies-535"></a>This feature can be used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by assigning a brace list to <code>$TEXMF</code>, as mentioned in <samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp>. <p>You can also use the path separator in stead of the comma. The last -example could have been written `<samp><span class="samp">x{A:B}{1:2}y</span></samp>'. +example could have been written ‘<samp><span class="samp">x{A:B}{1:2}y</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-expand_002ec-526"></a>Brace expansion is implemented in the source file + <p><a name="index-expand_002ec-536"></a>Brace expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/expand.c</span></samp>. It is a modification of the Bash sources, and is thus covered by the GNU General Public License, rather than the Library General Public License that covers the rest of Kpathsea. @@ -2777,11 +2908,11 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.5 <code>KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-KPSE_005fDOT-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-527"></a> +<p><a name="index-KPSE_005fDOT-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-537"></a> When <code>KPSE_DOT</code> is defined in the environment, it names a directory that should be considered the current directory for the purpose of looking up files in the search paths. This feature is needed by the -`<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>' scripts <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>, because these +‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>’ scripts <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>, because these change the working directory. You should not ever define it yourself. <div class="node"> @@ -2794,31 +2925,31 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.6 Subdirectory expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-g_t_002f_002f-528"></a><a name="index-subdirectory-searching-529"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-subdirectory-530"></a> -<a name="index-alphabetical-order_002c-not-531"></a>Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory +<p><a name="index-g_t_002f_002f-538"></a><a name="index-subdirectory-searching-539"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-subdirectory-540"></a> +<a name="index-alphabetical-order_002c-not-541"></a>Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory <var>d</var> is replaced by all subdirectories of <var>d</var>: first those subdirectories directly under <var>d</var>, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is unspecified. (It's “directory order”, and definitely not alphabetical.) - <p>If you specify any filename components after the `<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>', only + <p>If you specify any filename components after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>’, only subdirectories which match those components are included. For example, -`<samp><span class="samp">/a//b</span></samp>' would expand into directories <samp><span class="file">/a/1/b</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">/a/2/b</span></samp>, +‘<samp><span class="samp">/a//b</span></samp>’ would expand into directories <samp><span class="file">/a/1/b</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">/a/2/b</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">/a/1/1/b</span></samp>, and so on, but not <samp><span class="file">/a/b/c</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">/a/1</span></samp>. - <p>You can include multiple `<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>' constructs in the path. + <p>You can include multiple ‘<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>’ constructs in the path. - <p>`<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>' at the beginning of a path is ignored; you didn't really want + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>’ at the beginning of a path is ignored; you didn't really want to search every directory on the system, did you? - <p><a name="index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories-532"></a><a name="index-leaf-directory-trick-533"></a><a name="index-Farwell_002c-Matthew-534"></a><a name="index-MacKenzie_002c-David-535"></a>I should mention one related implementation trick, which I took from GNU + <p><a name="index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories-542"></a><a name="index-leaf-directory-trick-543"></a><a name="index-Farwell_002c-Matthew-544"></a><a name="index-MacKenzie_002c-David-545"></a>I should mention one related implementation trick, which I took from GNU find. Matthew Farwell suggested it, and David MacKenzie implemented it. - <p><a name="index-st_005fnlink-536"></a>The trick is that in every real Unix implementation (as opposed to the + <p><a name="index-st_005fnlink-546"></a>The trick is that in every real Unix implementation (as opposed to the POSIX specification), a directory which contains no subdirectories will have exactly two links (namely, one for <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and one for <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>). -That is to say, the <code>st_nlink</code> field in the `<samp><span class="samp">stat</span></samp>' structure +That is to say, the <code>st_nlink</code> field in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">stat</span></samp>’ structure will be two. Thus, we don't have to stat everything in the bottom-level (leaf) directories—we can just check <code>st_nlink</code>, notice it's two, and do no more work. @@ -2827,19 +2958,19 @@ and do no more work. regular files, <code>st_nlink</code> will be 3, and Kpathsea has to stat every one of those 501 entries. Therein lies slowness. - <p><a name="index-UNIX_005fST_005fLINK-537"></a>You can disable the trick by undefining <code>UNIX_ST_LINK</code> in + <p><a name="index-UNIX_005fST_005fLINK-547"></a>You can disable the trick by undefining <code>UNIX_ST_LINK</code> in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/config.h</span></samp>. (It is undefined by default except under Unix.) - <p><a name="index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-538"></a>Unfortunately, in some cases files in leaf directories are + <p><a name="index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-548"></a>Unfortunately, in some cases files in leaf directories are <code>stat</code>'d: if the path specification is, say, -`<samp><span class="samp">$TEXMF/fonts//pk//</span></samp>', then files in a subdirectory -`<samp><span class="samp">.../pk</span></samp>', even if it is a leaf, are checked. The reason cannot +‘<samp><span class="samp">$TEXMF/fonts//pk//</span></samp>’, then files in a subdirectory +‘<samp><span class="samp">.../pk</span></samp>’, even if it is a leaf, are checked. The reason cannot be explained without reference to the implementation, so read -<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/elt-dirs.c</span></samp> (search for `<samp><span class="samp">may descend</span></samp>') if you are +<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/elt-dirs.c</span></samp> (search for ‘<samp><span class="samp">may descend</span></samp>’) if you are curious. And if you can find a way to <em>solve</em> the problem, please let me know. - <p><a name="index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-539"></a>Subdirectory expansion is implemented in the source file + <p><a name="index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-549"></a>Subdirectory expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/elt-dirs.c</span></samp>. <div class="node"> @@ -2853,17 +2984,14 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a> <h3 class="section">3.4 Filename database (<code>ls-R</code>)</h3> -<p><a name="index-filename-database-540"></a><a name="index-database_002c-for-filenames-541"></a><a name="index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database-542"></a> +<p><a name="index-filename-database-550"></a><a name="index-database_002c-for-filenames-551"></a><a name="index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database-552"></a> Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches -(see <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>). Nevertheless, at installations with -enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file -can take an excessively long time (depending on the speed of the disk, -whether it's NFS-mounted, how patient you are, etc.). - - <p>In practice, a font tree containing the standard PostScript and PCL -fonts is large enough for searching to be noticeably slow on typical -systems these days. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built -“database” file named <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> that maps files to directories, thus +(see <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>). Nevertheless, in practice searching +each possible directory in typical TeX installations takes an +excessively long time. + + <p>Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built <dfn>filename +database</dfn> file named <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk. <p>A second database file <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> allows you to give additional @@ -2890,7 +3018,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</ <h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></h4> -<p><a name="index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007bdatabase-file_007d-543"></a><a name="index-TEXMFDBS-544"></a> +<p><a name="index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007bdatabase-file_007d-553"></a><a name="index-TEXMFDBS-554"></a> As mentioned above, you must name the main filename database <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>. You can put one at the root of each TeX installation hierarchy you wish to search (<code>$TEXMF</code> by default); most sites have @@ -2898,20 +3026,20 @@ only one hierarchy. Kpathsea looks for <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></sa <code>TEXMFDBS</code> path, so that should presumably match the list of hierarchies. - <p>The recommended way to create and maintain `<samp><span class="samp">ls-R</span></samp>' is to run the -<code>mktexlsr</code> script, which is installed in `<samp><span class="samp">$(bindir)</span></samp>' + <p>The recommended way to create and maintain ‘<samp><span class="samp">ls-R</span></samp>’ is to run the +<code>mktexlsr</code> script, which is installed in ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(bindir)</span></samp>’ (<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/bin</span></samp> by default). That script goes to some trouble to follow symbolic links as necessary, etc. It's also invoked by the -distributed `<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>' scripts. +distributed ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>’ scripts. - <p><a name="index-ls_002dR_0040r_007b_002c-simplest-build_007d-545"></a>At its simplest, though, you can build <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> with the command + <p><a name="index-ls_002dR_0040r_007b_002c-simplest-build_007d-555"></a>At its simplest, though, you can build <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> with the command <pre class="example"> cd <var>/your/texmf/root</var> && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcolor_003dtty-546"></a><a name="index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-_0040r_007band-aliases_007d-547"></a>presuming your <code>ls</code> produces the right output format (see the + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcolor_003dtty-556"></a><a name="index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-_0040r_007band-aliases_007d-557"></a>presuming your <code>ls</code> produces the right output format (see the section below). GNU <code>ls</code>, for example, outputs in this format. Also presuming your <code>ls</code> hasn't been aliased in a system file -(e.g., <samp><span class="file">/etc/profile</span></samp>) to something problematic, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">ls ---color=tty</span></samp>'. In that case, you will have to disable the alias before +(e.g., <samp><span class="file">/etc/profile</span></samp>) to something problematic, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">ls +--color=tty</span></samp>’. In that case, you will have to disable the alias before generating <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>. For the precise definition of the file format, see <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a>. @@ -2920,28 +3048,28 @@ almost certainly want to invoke it via <code>cron</code>, so when you make changes in the installed files (say if you install a new LaTeX package), <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> will be automatically updated. - <p><a name="index-g_t_002dA-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-548"></a><a name="index-dot-files-549"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bfiles_007d-550"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bdirectories_002c-ignored_007d-551"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etex-_0040r_007bfile_002c-included-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d_007d-552"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>' option to <code>ls</code> includes files beginning with `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-g_t_002dA-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-558"></a><a name="index-dot-files-559"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bfiles_007d-560"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bdirectories_002c-ignored_007d-561"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etex-_0040r_007bfile_002c-included-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d_007d-562"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>’ option to <code>ls</code> includes files beginning with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ (except for <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>), such as the file <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> included with the LaTeX tools package. (On the other hand, -<em>directories</em> whose names begin with `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' are always ignored.) +<em>directories</em> whose names begin with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ are always ignored.) - <p><a name="index-symbolic-links_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-553"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dL-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-554"></a>If your system does not support symbolic links, omit the `<samp><span class="samp">-L</span></samp>'. + <p><a name="index-symbolic-links_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-563"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dL-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-564"></a>If your system does not support symbolic links, omit the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-L</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-automounter_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-555"></a><a name="index-NFS-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-556"></a><code>ls -LAR </code><var>/your/texmf/root</var> will also work. But using -`<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>' avoids embedding absolute pathnames, so the hierarchy can be + <p><a name="index-automounter_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-565"></a><a name="index-NFS-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-566"></a><code>ls -LAR </code><var>/your/texmf/root</var> will also work. But using +‘<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>’ avoids embedding absolute pathnames, so the hierarchy can be easily transported. It also avoids possible trouble with automounters or other network filesystem conventions. - <p><a name="index-warning-about-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-557"></a><a name="index-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-warning-558"></a>Kpathsea warns you if it finds an <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> file, but the file does + <p><a name="index-warning-about-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-567"></a><a name="index-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-warning-568"></a>Kpathsea warns you if it finds an <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> file, but the file does not contain any usable entries. The usual culprit is running plain -`<samp><span class="samp">ls -R</span></samp>' instead of `<samp><span class="samp">ls -LR ./</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">ls -R -</span><var>/your/texmf/root</var></samp>'. Another possibility is some system directory -name starting with a `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' (perhaps if you are using AFS); Kpathsea +‘<samp><span class="samp">ls -R</span></samp>’ instead of ‘<samp><span class="samp">ls -LR ./</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ls -R +</span><var>/your/texmf/root</var></samp>’. Another possibility is some system directory +name starting with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ (perhaps if you are using AFS); Kpathsea ignores everything under such directories. - <p><a name="index-g_t_0021_0021-_0040r_007bin-path-specifications_007d-559"></a><a name="index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding-560"></a>Because the database may be out-of-date for a particular run, if a file + <p><a name="index-g_t_0021_0021-_0040r_007bin-path-specifications_007d-569"></a><a name="index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding-570"></a>Because the database may be out-of-date for a particular run, if a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and -searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with `<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>', +searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with ‘<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>’, however, <em>only</em> the database will be searched for that element, never the disk. If the database does not exist, nothing will be searched. Because this can surprise users (“I see the font @@ -2959,19 +3087,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</ <h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Filename aliases</h4> -<p><a name="index-filename-aliases-561"></a><a name="index-aliases_002c-for-filenames-562"></a> +<p><a name="index-filename-aliases-571"></a><a name="index-aliases_002c-for-filenames-572"></a> In some circumstances, you may wish to find a file under several names. For example, suppose a TeX document was created using a DOS system and tries to read <samp><span class="file">longtabl.sty</span></samp>. But now it's being run on a Unix system, and the file has its original name, <samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp>. The file won't be found. You need to give the actual file -<samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp> an alias `<samp><span class="samp">longtabl.sty</span></samp>'. +<samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp> an alias ‘<samp><span class="samp">longtabl.sty</span></samp>’. <!-- As another example, suppose you are creating a @TeX{} distribution on a --> <!-- CD-ROM or a DOS system; then the file @file{mf.base} gets stored as --> <!-- @file{mf.bas}. But Metafont on Unix wants to find @file{mf.base}. Here --> <!-- you need to give the actual file @file{mf.bas} an alias @samp{mf.base}. --> -<p>You can handle this by creating a file <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> as a companion to + <p>You can handle this by creating a file <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> as a companion to the <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> for the hierarchy containing the file in question. (You must have an <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> for the alias feature to work.) @@ -2981,7 +3109,7 @@ the alias (<samp><span class="file">longtabl.sty</span></samp>). These must be directory components. <samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp> must be in the sibling <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>. - <p>Also, blank lines and lines starting with `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>' are + <p>Also, blank lines and lines starting with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’ are ignored in <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp>, to allow for comments. <p>If a real file <samp><span class="file">longtabl.sty</span></samp> exists, it is used regardless of any @@ -2997,16 +3125,16 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</ <h4 class="subsection">3.4.3 Database format</h4> -<p><a name="index-format-of-external-database-563"></a><a name="index-database_002c-format-of-564"></a> +<p><a name="index-format-of-external-database-573"></a><a name="index-database_002c-format-of-574"></a> The “database” read by Kpathsea is a line-oriented file of plain text. The format is that generated by GNU (and most other) <code>ls</code> -programs given the `<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>' option, as follows. +programs given the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>’ option, as follows. <ul> <li>Blank lines are ignored. - <li>If a line begins with `<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>' and ends with -a colon, it's the name of a directory. (`<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>' lines aren't useful, + <li>If a line begins with ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>’ and ends with +a colon, it's the name of a directory. (‘<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>’ lines aren't useful, however, and should not be generated.) <li>All other lines define entries in the most recently seen directory. @@ -3047,61 +3175,75 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a> <h3 class="section">3.5 <code>kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</h3> -<p><a name="index-kpsewhich-565"></a><a name="index-path-searching_002c-standalone-566"></a><a name="index-standalone-path-searching-567"></a> +<p><a name="index-kpsewhich-575"></a><a name="index-path-searching_002c-standalone-576"></a><a name="index-standalone-path-searching-577"></a> The Kpsewhich program exercises the path searching functionality independent of any particular application. This can also be useful as a sort of <code>find</code> program to locate files in your TeX hierarchies, perhaps in administrative scripts. It is used heavily in the -distributed `<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>' scripts. +distributed ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>’ scripts. <p>Synopsis: <pre class="example"> kpsewhich <var>option</var>... <var>filename</var>... </pre> <p>The options and filename(s) to look up can be intermixed. -Options can start with either `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>', and any unambiguous +Options can start with either ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a>: Changing the mode, resolution, etc. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>: Path and variable expansion. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a>: --help and --version. +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a>: Default formats for texmf.cnf, etc. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>: Path and variable expansion. +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a>: --help and --version. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> <a name="Path-searching-options"></a> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>, +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a> </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Path searching options</h4> -<p><a name="index-path-searching-options-568"></a> +<p><a name="index-path-searching-options-578"></a> Kpsewhich looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a -filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to -return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix -`<samp><span class="samp">find</span></samp>' utility for that, see <a href="findutils.html#Invoking-find">Invoking find</a>). +filename, and returns the first file found. <p>Various options alter the path searching behavior: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--dpi=</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-569"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-570"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-571"></a>Set the resolution to <var>num</var>; this only affects `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>' lookups. `<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>' is a synonym, for compatibility with +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--all</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dall-579"></a><a name="index-all-matches_002c-finding-580"></a>Report all matches found, one per line. By default, if there is more +than one match, just one will be reported (chosen effectively at random). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--dpi=</span><var>num</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-581"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-582"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-583"></a>Set the resolution to <var>num</var>; this only affects ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ lookups. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>’ is a synonym, for compatibility with Dvips. Default is 600. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--engine=</span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dengine_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-572"></a><a name="index-engine-name-573"></a>Set the engine name to <var>name</var>. By default it is not set. The + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--engine=</span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dengine_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-584"></a><a name="index-engine-name-585"></a>Set the engine name to <var>name</var>. By default it is not set. The engine name is used in some search paths to allow files with the same name but used by different engines to coexist. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--format=</span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dformat_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-574"></a>Set the format for lookup to <var>name</var>. By default, the format is -guessed from the filename, with `<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>' being used if nothing else + <p>In particular, since the memory dump files +(<samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>/<samp><span class="file">.base</span></samp>/<samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp>) are now stored in +subdirectories named for the engine (<samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">pdftex</span></samp>, +<samp><span class="file">xetex</span></samp>, etc.), you must specify an engine name in order to find +them. For example, <samp><span class="file">cont-en.fmt</span></samp> typically exists for both +<samp><span class="file">pdftex</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">xetex</span></samp>. With the default path settings, you +can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">--engine=/</span></samp>’ to look for any dump file, regardless of +engine; if a dump file exists for more than one engine, it's +indeterminate which one is returned. (The ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ ends up specifying +a normal recursive search along the path where the dumps are stored, +namely ‘<samp><span class="samp">$TEXMF/web2c{/$engine,}</span></samp>’.) + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--format=</span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dformat_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-586"></a>Set the format for lookup to <var>name</var>. By default, the format is +guessed from the filename, with ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>’ being used if nothing else fits. The recognized filename extensions (including any leading -`<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>') are also allowable <var>name</var>s. +‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’) are also allowable <var>name</var>s. <p>All formats also have a name, which is the only way to specify formats with no associated suffix. For example, for Dvips configuration files -you can use `<samp><span class="samp">--format="dvips config"</span></samp>'. (The quotes are for the +you can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">--format="dvips config"</span></samp>’. (The quotes are for the sake of the shell.) <p>Here's the current list of recognized names and the associated suffixes. @@ -3157,83 +3299,200 @@ See <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>, for more infor pdftex config lig files: .lig texmfscripts - </pre> - <p>This option and `<samp><span class="samp">--path</span></samp>' are mutually exclusive. +</pre> + <p>This option and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--path</span></samp>’ are mutually exclusive. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--interactive</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinteractive-575"></a><a name="index-interactive-query-576"></a>After processing the command line, read additional filenames to look up + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--interactive</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinteractive-587"></a><a name="index-interactive-query-588"></a>After processing the command line, read additional filenames to look up from standard input. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-577"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-578"></a>Turn on or off the `<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>' script associated with <var>filetype</var>. -The only values that make sense for <var>filetype</var> are `<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>'. By default, all are off in + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-589"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-590"></a>Turn on or off the ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. +The only values that make sense for <var>filetype</var> are ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>’. By default, all are off in Kpsewhich. See <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--mode=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmode_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-579"></a>Set the mode name to <var>string</var>; this also only affects `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>' lookups. No default: any mode will be found. See <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--mode=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmode_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-591"></a>Set the mode name to <var>string</var>; this also only affects ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ lookups. No default: any mode will be found. See <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--must-exist</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmust_002dexist-580"></a>Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--must-exist</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmust_002dexist-592"></a>Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database is checked, in the interest of efficiency. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--path=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-581"></a>Search along the path <var>string</var> (colon-separated as usual), instead -of guessing the search path from the filename. `<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>' and all the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--path=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-593"></a>Search along the path <var>string</var> (colon-separated as usual), instead +of guessing the search path from the filename. ‘<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>’ and all the usual expansions are supported (see <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>). This option -and `<samp><span class="samp">--format</span></samp>' are mutually exclusive. To output the complete +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--format</span></samp>’ are mutually exclusive. To output the complete directory expansion of a path, instead of doing a one-shot lookup, see -`<samp><span class="samp">--expand-path</span></samp>' in the following section. +‘<samp><span class="samp">--expand-path</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--show-path</span></samp>’ in the following section. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--progname=</span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-582"></a>Set the program name to <var>name</var>; default is `<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich</span></samp>'. This -can affect the search paths via the `<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>prognam</var></samp>' feature in -configuration files (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). -</dl> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--progname=</span><var>name</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-594"></a>Set the program name to <var>name</var>; default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich</span></samp>’. This +can affect the search paths via the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>prognam</var></samp>’ feature in +configuration files (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). + + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--subdir=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsubdir_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-595"></a>Report only those matches whose directory part <em>ends</em> with +<var>string</var> (compared literally, except case is ignored on a +case-insensitive operating system). For example, suppose there are +two matches for a given name: + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich foo.sty + ⇒ /some/where/foo.sty + /another/place/foo.sty +</pre> + <p class="noindent">Then we can narrow the result to what we are interested in with +<samp><span class="option">--subdir</span></samp>: + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich --subdir=where foo.sty + ⇒ /some/where/foo.sty + + kpsewhich --subdir=place foo.sty + ⇒ /another/place/foo.sty +</pre> + <p class="noindent">The string to match must be at the end of the directory part of the +match, and it is taken literally, with no pattern matching: + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich --subdir=another foo.sty + ⇒ +</pre> + <p class="noindent">The string to match may cross directory components: + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich --subdir=some/where foo.sty + ⇒ /some/where/foo.sty +</pre> + <p class="noindent"><samp><span class="option">--subdir</span></samp> implies <samp><span class="option">--all</span></samp>; if there is more than one +match, they will all be reported (in our example, both ‘<samp><span class="samp">where</span></samp>’ +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">place</span></samp>’ end in ‘<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>’): + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich --subdir=e + ⇒ /some/where/foo.sty + /another/place/foo.sty +</pre> + <p class="noindent">Because of the above rules, the presence of a leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ is +important, since it “anchors” the match to a full component name: + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich --subdir=/lace foo.sty + ⇒ +</pre> + <p class="noindent">However, a trailing ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ is immaterial (and ignored), since the +match always takes place at the end of the directory part: + + <pre class="example"> kpsewhich --subdir=lace/ foo.sty + ⇒ /another/place/foo.sty +</pre> + <p class="noindent">The purpose of these rules is to make it convenient to find results +only within a particular area of the tree. For instance, a given +script named <samp><span class="file">foo.lua</span></samp> might exist within both +<samp><span class="file">texmf-dist/scripts/pkg1/</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/</span></samp>. +By specifying, say, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--subdir=/pkg1</span></samp>’, you can be sure of getting +the one you are interested in. + + <p>We only match at the end because a site might happen to install TeX +in <samp><span class="file">/some/coincidental/pkg1/path/</span></samp>, and we wouldn't want +<samp><span class="file">texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/</span></samp> to match that when searching for +‘<samp><span class="samp">/pkg1</span></samp>’. + + </dl> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Specially-recognized-files"></a> +<a name="Specially_002drecognized-files"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a> + +</div> + +<h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Specially-recognized files for <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp></h4> + +<p><samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp> recognizes a few special filenames on the command +line and defaults to using the `known' file formats for them, merely +to save the time and trouble of specifying the format. This is only a +feature of <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp>; when using the Kpathsea library +itself, none of these special filenames are recognized, and it's still +up to the caller to specify the desired format. + + <p>Here is the list of special filenames to <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp>, along +with their corresponding format: + + +<a name="index-config_002eps-596"></a> +<dl><dt><samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp><dd><code>dvips config</code> + + <p><a name="index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg-597"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">dvipdfmx.cfg</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">other text files</span></samp>’ + + <p><a name="index-fmtutil_002ecnf-598"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">fmtutil.cnf</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>’ + + <p><a name="index-glyphlist_002etxt-599"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">glyphlist.txt</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>’ + + <p><a name="index-mktex_002ecnf-600"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>’ + + <p><a name="index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt-601"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">pdfglyphlist.txt</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>’ + + <p><a name="index-pdftex_002ecfg-602"></a><a name="index-pdftexconfig_002etex-603"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">pdftex.cfg</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">pdftex config</span></samp>’ (although <samp><span class="file">pdftex.cfg</span></samp> is not used any more; +look for the file <samp><span class="file">pdftexconfig.tex</span></samp> instead.) + + <p><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf-604"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp><dd>‘<samp><span class="samp">cnf</span></samp>’ + + </dl> + + <p>A user-specified format will override the above defaults. + + <p><a name="index-tcfmgr_002emap-605"></a>Another useful configuration file in this regard is <samp><span class="file">tcfmgr.map</span></samp>, +found in <samp><span class="file">texmf/texconfig/tcfmgr.map</span></samp>, which records various +information about the above configuration files (among others). <div class="node"> <p><hr> <a name="Auxiliary-tasks"></a> Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a> </div> -<h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Auxiliary tasks</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Auxiliary tasks</h4> -<p><a name="index-auxiliary-tasks-583"></a> +<p><a name="index-auxiliary-tasks-606"></a> Kpsewhich provides some additional features not strictly related to path lookup: <ul> -<li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-584"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--debug=</span><var>num</var></samp>' sets the debugging options to <var>num</var>. +<li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-607"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--debug=</span><var>num</var></samp>’ sets the debugging options to <var>num</var>. See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003d_0040var_007bvariable_007d-585"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--var-value=</span><var>variable</var></samp>' output the value of <var>variable</var>. + <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003d_0040var_007bvariable_007d-608"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--var-value=</span><var>variable</var></samp>’ outputs the value of <var>variable</var>, +expanding ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a> and ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a>) constructs, but not performing other expansions. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-586"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--expand-braces=</span><var>string</var></samp>' outputs the variable and brace + <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-609"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--expand-braces=</span><var>string</var></samp>’ outputs the variable and brace expansion of <var>string</var>. See <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-587"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--expand-var=</span><var>string</var></samp>' outputs the variable expansion of -<var>string</var>. For example, the `<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>' scripts run -`<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --expand-var='$TEXMF'</span></samp>' to find the root of the TeX system -hierarchy. See <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>. + <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-610"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--expand-var=</span><var>string</var></samp>’ outputs the variable and tilde +expansion of <var>string</var>. For example, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>’ +scripts run ‘<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --expand-var='$TEXMF'</span></samp>’ to find the root of +the TeX system hierarchy. See <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-588"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--expand-path=</span><var>string</var></samp>' outputs the complete expansion of -<var>string</var> as a colon-separated path. This is useful to construct a -search path for a program that doesn't accept recursive subdirectory -specifications. Nonexistent directories are culled from the output: + <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-611"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--expand-path=</span><var>string</var></samp>’ outputs the complete expansion of +<var>string</var>, with each element separated by the usual path separator +on the current system (‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ on Windows, ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ otherwise). +This may be useful to construct a custom search path for a format not +otherwise supported. To retrieve the search path for a format that is +already supported, see ‘<samp><span class="samp">--show-path</span></samp>’, next. + + <p>Nonexistent directories are culled from the output: <pre class="example"> $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/tmp' - => /tmp + ⇒ /tmp $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/nonesuch' - => - </pre> + ⇒ +</pre> <p>For one-shot uses of an arbitrary (not built in to Kpathsea) path, see -`<samp><span class="samp">--path</span></samp>' in the previous section. +‘<samp><span class="samp">--path</span></samp>’ in the previous section. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-589"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--show-path=</span><var>name</var></samp>' shows the path that would be used for file + <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-612"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--show-path=</span><var>name</var></samp>’ shows the path that would be used for file lookups of file type <var>name</var>. Either a filename extension -(`<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>', etc.) or an integer can be used, just as with -`<samp><span class="samp">--format</span></samp>', described in the previous section. -</ul> +(‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’, etc.) or an integer can be used, just as with +‘<samp><span class="samp">--format</span></samp>’, described in the previous section. + + </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -3243,15 +3502,15 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich </div> -<h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Standard options</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 Standard options</h4> -<p><a name="index-standard-options-590"></a> +<p><a name="index-standard-options-613"></a> Kpsewhich accepts the standard GNU options: <ul> -<li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-591"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' prints a help message on standard output and exits. +<li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-614"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ prints a help message on standard output and exits. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-592"></a>`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' prints the Kpathsea version number and exits. + <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-615"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ prints the Kpathsea version number and exits. </ul> <div class="node"> @@ -3265,7 +3524,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">4 TeX support</h2> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-support-593"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-support-616"></a> Although the basic features in Kpathsea can be used for any type of path searching, it came about (like all libraries) with a specific application in mind: I wrote Kpathsea specifically for TeX system @@ -3300,228 +3559,228 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a> <h3 class="section">4.1 Supported file formats</h3> -<p><a name="index-supported-file-formats-594"></a><a name="index-file-formats_002c-supported-595"></a> -<a name="index-environment-variables-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-596"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-environment-variables-597"></a> +<p><a name="index-supported-file-formats-617"></a><a name="index-file-formats_002c-supported-618"></a> +<a name="index-environment-variables-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-619"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-environment-variables-620"></a> Kpathsea has support for a number of file types. Each file type has a list of environment and config file variables that are checked to define the search path, and most have a default suffix that plays a role in finding files (see the next section). Some also define additional suffixes, and/or a program to be run to create missing files on the fly. - <p><a name="index-program_002dvarying-paths-598"></a>Since environment variables containing periods, such as -`<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS.latex</span></samp>', are not allowed on some systems, Kpathsea looks + <p><a name="index-program_002dvarying-paths-621"></a>Since environment variables containing periods, such as +‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS.latex</span></samp>’, are not allowed on some systems, Kpathsea looks for environment variables with an underscore, e.g., -`<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS_latex</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). +‘<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS_latex</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). <p>The following table lists the above information. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">afm</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-599"></a><a name="index-AFMFONTS-600"></a>(Adobe font metrics, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">afm</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-622"></a><a name="index-AFMFONTS-623"></a>(Adobe font metrics, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) <code>AFMFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebase-601"></a><a name="index-MFBASES-602"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-603"></a>(Metafont memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebase-624"></a><a name="index-MFBASES-625"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-626"></a>(Metafont memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) <code>MFBASES</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">bib</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-604"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS-605"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB-606"></a>(BibTeX bibliography source, see <a href="web2c.html#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">bib</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-627"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS-628"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB-629"></a>(BibTeX bibliography source, see <a href="web2c.html#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>) <code>BIBINPUTS</code>, <code>TEXBIB</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.bib</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.bib</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">bst</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebst-607"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS-608"></a>(BibTeX style file, see <a href="web2c.html#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">bst</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebst-630"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS-631"></a>(BibTeX style file, see <a href="web2c.html#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>) <code>BSTINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.bst</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.bst</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">cmap</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecmap-609"></a><a name="index-CMAPFONTS-610"></a>(character map files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cmap</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecmap-632"></a><a name="index-CMAPFONTS-633"></a>(character map files) <code>CMAPFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.cmap</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.cmap</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">cnf</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecnf-611"></a><a name="index-TEXMFCNF-612"></a>(Runtime configuration files, see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cnf</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecnf-634"></a><a name="index-TEXMFCNF-635"></a>(Runtime configuration files, see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>) <code>TEXMFCNF</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.cnf</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.cnf</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">cweb</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ew-613"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eweb-614"></a><a name="index-CWEBINPUTS-615"></a>(CWEB input files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cweb</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ew-636"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eweb-637"></a><a name="index-CWEBINPUTS-638"></a>(CWEB input files) <code>CWEBINPUTS</code>; -suffixes `<samp><span class="samp">.w</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.web</span></samp>'; -additional suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ch</span></samp>'. +suffixes ‘<samp><span class="samp">.w</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.web</span></samp>’; +additional suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ch</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">dvips config</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-616"></a><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for_007d-617"></a>(Dvips `<samp><span class="samp">config.*</span></samp>' files, such as <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, see <a href="dvips.html#Config-files">Config files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">dvips config</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-639"></a><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for_007d-640"></a>(Dvips ‘<samp><span class="samp">config.*</span></samp>’ files, such as <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, see <a href="dvips.html#Config-files">Config files</a>) <code>TEXCONFIG</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">enc files</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-618"></a><a name="index-ENCFONTS-619"></a>(encoding vectors) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">enc files</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-641"></a><a name="index-ENCFONTS-642"></a>(encoding vectors) <code>ENCFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002efmt-620"></a><a name="index-TEXFORMATS-621"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-622"></a>(TeX memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002efmt-643"></a><a name="index-TEXFORMATS-644"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-645"></a>(TeX memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) <code>TEXFORMATS</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-gf-623"></a><a name="index-GFFONTS-624"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS-625"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-626"></a>(generic font bitmap, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-gf-646"></a><a name="index-GFFONTS-647"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS-648"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-649"></a>(generic font bitmap, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) <var>program</var><code>FONTS</code>, <code>GFFONTS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">graphic/figure</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eeps-627"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eepsi-628"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS-629"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-630"></a>(Encapsulated PostScript figures, see <a href="dvips.html#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">graphic/figure</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eeps-650"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eepsi-651"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS-652"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-653"></a>(Encapsulated PostScript figures, see <a href="dvips.html#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>) <code>TEXPICTS</code>, <code>TEXINPUTS</code>; -additional suffixes: `<samp><span class="samp">.eps</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.epsi</span></samp>'. +additional suffixes: ‘<samp><span class="samp">.eps</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.epsi</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">ist</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eist-631"></a><a name="index-TEXINDEXSTYLE-632"></a><a name="index-INDEXSTYLE-633"></a>(makeindex style files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ist</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eist-654"></a><a name="index-TEXINDEXSTYLE-655"></a><a name="index-INDEXSTYLE-656"></a>(makeindex style files) <code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code>, <code>INDEXSTYLE</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ist</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ist</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">lig files</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002elig-634"></a><a name="index-LIGFONTS-635"></a>(ligature definition files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">lig files</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002elig-657"></a><a name="index-LIGFONTS-658"></a>(ligature definition files) <code>LIGFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.lig</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.lig</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">ls-R</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-ls_002dR-636"></a><a name="index-TEXMFDBS-637"></a>(Filename databases, see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ls-R</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-ls_002dR-659"></a><a name="index-TEXMFDBS-660"></a>(Filename databases, see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>) <code>TEXMFDBS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emap-638"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTMAPS-639"></a>(Fontmaps, see <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emap-661"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTMAPS-662"></a>(Fontmaps, see <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>) <code>TEXFONTMAPS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emem-640"></a><a name="index-MPMEMS-641"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-642"></a>(MetaPost memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emem-663"></a><a name="index-MPMEMS-664"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-665"></a>(MetaPost memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) <code>MPMEMS</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">MetaPost support</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-MPSUPPORT-643"></a>(MetaPost support files, used by DMP; see <a href="web2c.html#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">MetaPost support</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-MPSUPPORT-666"></a>(MetaPost support files, used by DMP; see <a href="web2c.html#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>) <code>MPSUPPORT</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emf-644"></a><a name="index-MFINPUTS-645"></a>(Metafont source, see <a href="web2c.html#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emf-667"></a><a name="index-MFINPUTS-668"></a>(Metafont source, see <a href="web2c.html#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>) <code>MFINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>'; +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’; dynamic creation program: <code>mktexmf</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mfpool</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-646"></a><a name="index-MFPOOL-647"></a>(Metafont program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mfpool</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-669"></a><a name="index-MFPOOL-670"></a>(Metafont program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>) <code>MFPOOL</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mft</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emft-648"></a><a name="index-MFTINPUTS-649"></a>(<code>MFT</code> style file, see <a href="web2c.html#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mft</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emft-671"></a><a name="index-MFTINPUTS-672"></a>(<code>MFT</code> style file, see <a href="web2c.html#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>) <code>MFTINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.mft</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mft</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">misc fonts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-MISCFONTS-650"></a>(font-related files that don't fit the other categories) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">misc fonts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-MISCFONTS-673"></a>(font-related files that don't fit the other categories) <code>MISCFONTS</code> - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mp</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emp-651"></a><a name="index-MPINPUTS-652"></a>(MetaPost source, see <a href="web2c.html#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mp</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emp-674"></a><a name="index-MPINPUTS-675"></a>(MetaPost source, see <a href="web2c.html#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>) <code>MPINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.mp</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mp</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mppool</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-653"></a><a name="index-MPPOOL-654"></a>(MetaPost program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mppool</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-676"></a><a name="index-MPPOOL-677"></a>(MetaPost program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>) <code>MPPOOL</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">ocp</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eocp-655"></a><a name="index-OCPINPUTS-656"></a>(Omega compiled process files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ocp</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eocp-678"></a><a name="index-OCPINPUTS-679"></a>(Omega compiled process files) <code>OCPINPUTS</code>; <br> -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ocp</span></samp>'; +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ocp</span></samp>’; dynamic creation program: <code>MakeOmegaOCP</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">ofm</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eofm-657"></a><a name="index-OFMFONTS-658"></a>(Omega font metrics) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ofm</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eofm-680"></a><a name="index-OFMFONTS-681"></a>(Omega font metrics) <code>OFMFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; <br> -suffixes `<samp><span class="samp">.ofm</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>'; +suffixes ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ofm</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’; dynamic creation program: <code>MakeOmegaOFM</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">opentype fonts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-OPENTYPEFONTS-659"></a>(OpenType fonts) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">opentype fonts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-OPENTYPEFONTS-682"></a>(OpenType fonts) <code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">opl</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eopl-660"></a>(Omega property lists) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">opl</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eopl-683"></a>(Omega property lists) <code>OPLFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.opl</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.opl</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">otp</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eotp-661"></a><a name="index-OTPINPUTS-662"></a>(Omega translation process files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">otp</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eotp-684"></a><a name="index-OTPINPUTS-685"></a>(Omega translation process files) <code>OTPINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.otp</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.otp</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">ovf</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eovf-663"></a><a name="index-OVFFONTS-664"></a>(Omega virtual fonts) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ovf</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eovf-686"></a><a name="index-OVFFONTS-687"></a>(Omega virtual fonts) <code>OVFFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ovf</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ovf</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">ovp</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eovp-665"></a><a name="index-OVPFONTS-666"></a>(Omega virtual property lists) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ovp</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eovp-688"></a><a name="index-OVPFONTS-689"></a>(Omega virtual property lists) <code>OVPFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ovp</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ovp</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">pdftex config</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-PDFTEXCONFIG-667"></a>(PDFTeX-specific configuration files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pdftex config</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-PDFTEXCONFIG-690"></a>(PDFTeX-specific configuration files) <code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epk-668"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS-669"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS-670"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS-671"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-672"></a>(packed bitmap fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) -<var>PROGRAM</var><code>FONTS</code> (<var>program</var> being `<samp><span class="samp">XDVI</span></samp>', etc.), + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epk-691"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS-692"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS-693"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS-694"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-695"></a>(packed bitmap fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) +<var>PROGRAM</var><code>FONTS</code> (<var>program</var> being ‘<samp><span class="samp">XDVI</span></samp>’, etc.), <code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>'; +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’; dynamic creation program: <code>mktexpk</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">PostScript header</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epro-673"></a><a name="index-TEXPSHEADERS-674"></a><a name="index-PSHEADERS-675"></a>(downloadable PostScript, see <a href="dvips.html#Header-files">Header files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">PostScript header</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epro-696"></a><a name="index-TEXPSHEADERS-697"></a><a name="index-PSHEADERS-698"></a>(downloadable PostScript, see <a href="dvips.html#Header-files">Header files</a>) <code>TEXPSHEADERS</code>, <code>PSHEADERS</code>; -additional suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.pro</span></samp>'. +additional suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pro</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">subfont definition files</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002esfd-676"></a><a name="index-SFDFONTS-677"></a>(subfont definition files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">subfont definition files</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002esfd-699"></a><a name="index-SFDFONTS-700"></a>(subfont definition files) <code>SFDFONTS</code> -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.sfd</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sfd</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002etex-678"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-679"></a>(TeX source, see <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002etex-701"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-702"></a>(TeX source, see <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>) <code>TEXINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>'; +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>’; additional suffixes: none, because such a list cannot be complete; dynamic creation program: <code>mktextex</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">TeX system documentation</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-doc-files-680"></a><a name="index-TEXDOCS-681"></a>(Documentation files for the TeX system) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX system documentation</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-doc-files-703"></a><a name="index-TEXDOCS-704"></a>(Documentation files for the TeX system) <code>TEXDOCS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">TeX system sources</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-source-files-682"></a><a name="index-TEXSOURCES-683"></a>(Source files for the TeX system) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX system sources</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-source-files-705"></a><a name="index-TEXSOURCES-706"></a>(Source files for the TeX system) <code>TEXSOURCES</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">texmfscripts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-TEXMFSCRIPTS-684"></a>(Architecture-independent executables distributed in the texmf tree) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">texmfscripts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TEXMFSCRIPTS-707"></a>(Architecture-independent executables distributed in the texmf tree) <code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">texpool</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-685"></a><a name="index-TEXPOOL-686"></a>(TeX program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">texpool</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-708"></a><a name="index-TEXPOOL-709"></a>(TeX program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>) <code>TEXPOOL</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-687"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS-688"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-689"></a>(TeX font metrics, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-710"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS-711"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-712"></a>(TeX font metrics, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) <code>TFMFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>'; +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’; dynamic creation program: <code>mktextfm</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Troff fonts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-TRFONTS-690"></a>(Troff fonts, used by DMP; see <a href="web2c.html#DMP-invocation">DMP invocation</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Troff fonts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TRFONTS-713"></a>(Troff fonts, used by DMP; see <a href="web2c.html#DMP-invocation">DMP invocation</a>) <code>TRFONTS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">truetype fonts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ettf-691"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ettc-692"></a><a name="index-TTFONTS-693"></a>(TrueType outline fonts) <code>TTFONTS</code>; suffixes `<samp><span class="samp">.ttf</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">.ttc</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">truetype fonts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ettf-714"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ettc-715"></a><a name="index-TTFONTS-716"></a>(TrueType outline fonts) <code>TTFONTS</code>; suffixes ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ttf</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">.ttc</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">type1 fonts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-694"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-695"></a><a name="index-T1FONTS-696"></a><a name="index-T1INPUTS-697"></a><a name="index-TEXPSHEADERS-698"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-699"></a>(Type 1 PostScript outline fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">type1 fonts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-717"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-718"></a><a name="index-T1FONTS-719"></a><a name="index-T1INPUTS-720"></a><a name="index-TEXPSHEADERS-721"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-722"></a>(Type 1 PostScript outline fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) <code>T1FONTS</code>, <code>T1INPUTS</code>, <code>TEXPSHEADERS</code>, <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code>; -suffixes `<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>'. +suffixes ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">type42 fonts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-T42FONTS-700"></a>(Type 42 PostScript outline fonts) <code>T42FONTS</code>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">type42 fonts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-T42FONTS-723"></a>(Type 42 PostScript outline fonts) <code>T42FONTS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">vf</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002evf-701"></a><a name="index-VFFONTS-702"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-703"></a>(virtual fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vf</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002evf-724"></a><a name="index-VFFONTS-725"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-726"></a>(virtual fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) <code>VFFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">web</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eweb-704"></a><a name="index-WEBINPUTS-705"></a>(WEB input files) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">web</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eweb-727"></a><a name="index-WEBINPUTS-728"></a>(WEB input files) <code>WEBINPUTS</code>; -suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.web</span></samp>'; -additional suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.ch</span></samp>'. +suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.web</span></samp>’; +additional suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ch</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-WEB2C-706"></a>(files specific to the web2c implementation) + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-WEB2C-729"></a>(files specific to the web2c implementation) <code>WEB2C</code>. </dl> <p>There are two special cases, because the paths and environment variables always depend on the name of the program: the variable name is constructed by converting the program name to upper case, and then -appending `<samp><span class="samp">INPUTS</span></samp>'. Assuming the program is called `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>', +appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">INPUTS</span></samp>’. Assuming the program is called ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’, this gives us the following table. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">other text files</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-FOOINPUTS-707"></a>(text files used by `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>') +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">other text files</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-FOOINPUTS-730"></a>(text files used by ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’) <code>FOOINPUTS</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">other binary files</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-FOOINPUTS-708"></a>(binary files used by `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>') + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">other binary files</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-FOOINPUTS-731"></a>(binary files used by ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’) <code>FOOINPUTS</code>. </dl> <p>If an environment variable by these names are set, the corresponding <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> definition won't be looked at (unless, as usual, the -environment variable value has an extra `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>'). See <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a>. +environment variable value has an extra ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’). See <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a>. <p>For the font variables, the intent is that: <ul> @@ -3532,7 +3791,7 @@ non-metric) files. <li>Each font format has a variable of its own. - <li><a name="index-XDVIFONTS-709"></a><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-710"></a>Each program has its own font override path as well; e.g., + <li><a name="index-XDVIFONTS-732"></a><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-733"></a>Each program has its own font override path as well; e.g., <code>DVIPSFONTS</code> for Dvipsk. Again, this is for bitmaps, not metrics. </ul> @@ -3548,30 +3807,42 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a> <h3 class="section">4.2 File lookup</h3> -<p><a name="index-file-lookup-711"></a><a name="index-searching-for-files-712"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-file-lookup-713"></a> +<p><a name="index-file-lookup-734"></a><a name="index-searching-for-files-735"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-file-lookup-736"></a> This section describes how Kpathsea searches for most files (bitmap font searches are the exception, as described in the next section). <p>Here is the search strategy for a file <var>name</var>: + <ol type=1 start=1> <li>If the file format defines default suffixes, and the suffix of <var>name</var> name is not already a known suffix for that format, try the -name with each default appended, and use alternative names found in the -fontmaps if necessary. We postpone searching the disk as long as -possible. Example: given `<samp><span class="samp">foo.sty</span></samp>', look for `<samp><span class="samp">foo.sty.tex</span></samp>' -before `<samp><span class="samp">foo.sty</span></samp>'. This is unfortunate, but allows us to find -`<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar.tex</span></samp>' before `<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>' if both exist and we were given -`<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>'. +name with each default appended, and use alternative names found in +the fontmaps if necessary. Example: given ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>’, look for +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar.tex</span></samp>’. <li>Search for <var>name</var>, and if necessary for alternative names found in -the fontmaps. Again we avoid searching the disk if possible. Example: -given `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>', we look for `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>'. +the fontmaps. Example: given ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>’, we also look for +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>’. <li>If the file format defines a program to invoke to create missing files, run it (see <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>). </ol> - <p><a name="index-tex_002dfile_002ec-714"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-715"></a>This is implemented in the routine <code>kpse_find_file</code> in + <p><a name="index-extensions_002c-filename-737"></a><a name="index-suffixes_002c-filename-738"></a><a name="index-try_005fstd_005fextension_005ffirst-739"></a>The order in which we search for “suffixed” name (item 1) or +the “as-is” name (item 2) is controlled by the +<samp><span class="file">try_std_extension_first</span></samp> configuration value. The default set +in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> is true, since common suffixes are already +recognized: ‘<samp><span class="samp">babel.sty</span></samp>’ will only look for ‘<samp><span class="samp">babel.sty</span></samp>’, not +‘<samp><span class="samp">babel.sty.tex</span></samp>’, regardless of this setting. + + <p>When the suffix is unknown (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>’), both names are +always tried; the difference is the order in which they are tried. + + <p><samp><span class="file">try_std_extension_first</span></samp> only affects names being looked up +which *already* have an extension. A name without an extension (e.g., +‘<samp><span class="samp">tex story</span></samp>’) will always have an extension added first. + + <p><a name="index-tex_002dfile_002ec-740"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-741"></a>This algorithm is implemented in the routine <code>kpse_find_file</code> in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-file.c</span></samp>. You can watch it in action with the debugging options (see <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>). @@ -3586,9 +3857,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a> <h3 class="section">4.3 Glyph lookup</h3> -<p><a name="index-glyph-lookup-716"></a><a name="index-searching-for-glyphs-717"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-glyph-lookup-718"></a> +<p><a name="index-glyph-lookup-742"></a><a name="index-searching-for-glyphs-743"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-glyph-lookup-744"></a> This section describes how Kpathsea searches for a bitmap font in GF or -PK format (or either) given a font name (e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>') and a +PK format (or either) given a font name (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’) and a resolution (e.g., 600). <p>Here is an outline of the search strategy (details in the sections @@ -3602,14 +3873,14 @@ specified format(s). <li>If <var>name</var> is an alias for a file <var>f</var> in the fontmap file <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>, look for <var>f</var>.<var>dpi</var>. - <li>Run an external program (typically named `<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>') to + <li>Run an external program (typically named ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>’) to generate the font (see <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>) <li>Look for <var>fallback</var>.<var>dpi</var>, where <var>fallback</var> is some -last-resort font (typically `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>'). +last-resort font (typically ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’). </ol> - <p><a name="index-tex_002dglyph_002ec-719"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005fglyph_005fformat-720"></a>This is implemented in <code>kpse_find_glyph_format</code> in + <p><a name="index-tex_002dglyph_002ec-745"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005fglyph_005fformat-746"></a>This is implemented in <code>kpse_find_glyph_format</code> in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-glyph.c</span></samp>. <ul class="menu"> @@ -3628,18 +3899,18 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a> <h4 class="subsection">4.3.1 Basic glyph lookup</h4> -<p><a name="index-basic-glyph-lookup-721"></a><a name="index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup-722"></a> +<p><a name="index-basic-glyph-lookup-747"></a><a name="index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup-748"></a> When Kpathsea looks for a bitmap font <var>name</var> at resolution <var>dpi</var> in a format <var>format</var>, it first checks each directory in the search -path for a file `<samp><var>name</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><var>format</var></samp>'; for example, -`<samp><span class="samp">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>'. Kpathsea looks for a PK file first, then a GF file. +path for a file ‘<samp><var>name</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><var>format</var></samp>’; for example, +‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>’. Kpathsea looks for a PK file first, then a GF file. <p>If that fails, Kpathsea looks for -`<samp><span class="samp">dpi</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">/</span><var>name</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>format</var></samp>'; for example, -`<samp><span class="samp">dpi600/cmr10.pk</span></samp>'. This is how fonts are typically stored on +‘<samp><span class="samp">dpi</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">/</span><var>name</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>format</var></samp>’; for example, +‘<samp><span class="samp">dpi600/cmr10.pk</span></samp>’. This is how fonts are typically stored on filesystems (such as DOS) that permit only three-character extensions. - <p><a name="index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup-723"></a><a name="index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance-724"></a><a name="index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE-725"></a>If that fails, Kpathsea looks for a font with a close-enough <var>dpi</var>. + <p><a name="index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup-749"></a><a name="index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance-750"></a><a name="index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE-751"></a>If that fails, Kpathsea looks for a font with a close-enough <var>dpi</var>. “Close enough” is defined by the macro <code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code> in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-glyph.h</span></samp> to be <var>dpi</var><code> / 500 + 1</code>. This is slightly more than the 0.2% minimum allowed by the DVI standard @@ -3656,8 +3927,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a> <h4 class="subsection">4.3.2 Fontmap</h4> -<p><a name="index-fontmap-files-726"></a><a name="index-font-alias-files-727"></a><a name="index-aliases-for-fonts-728"></a> -<a name="index-texfonts_002emap-729"></a>If a bitmap font or metric file is not found with the original name (see +<p><a name="index-fontmap-files-752"></a><a name="index-font-alias-files-753"></a><a name="index-aliases-for-fonts-754"></a> +<a name="index-texfonts_002emap-755"></a>If a bitmap font or metric file is not found with the original name (see the previous section), Kpathsea looks through any <dfn>fontmap</dfn> files for an <dfn>alias</dfn> for the original font name. These files are named <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> and searched for along the <code>TEXFONTMAPS</code> @@ -3668,11 +3939,11 @@ are found are read; earlier definitions override later ones. <ol type=1 start=1> - <li><a name="index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length-730"></a>An alias name is limited in length only by available memory, not by your -filesystem. Therefore, if you want to ask for `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>' -instead of <samp><span class="file">ptmr</span></samp>, you can (you get `<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r</span></samp>'). + <li><a name="index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length-756"></a>An alias name is limited in length only by available memory, not by your +filesystem. Therefore, if you want to ask for ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ +instead of <samp><span class="file">ptmr</span></samp>, you can (you get ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r</span></samp>’). - <li><a name="index-circle-fonts-731"></a><a name="index-lcircle10-732"></a>A few fonts have historically had multiple names: specifically, + <li><a name="index-circle-fonts-757"></a><a name="index-lcircle10-758"></a>A few fonts have historically had multiple names: specifically, LaTeX's “circle font” has variously been known as <samp><span class="file">circle10</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">lcircle10</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">lcirc10</span></samp>. Aliases can make all the names equivalent, so that it no longer matters what the name of the installed @@ -3683,12 +3954,12 @@ file is; TeX documents will find their favorite name. <p>The format of fontmap files is straightforward: -<a name="index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files-733"></a> -<ul><li>Comments start with `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' and continue to the end of the line. -<a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files-734"></a><li>Blank lines are ignored. +<a name="index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files-759"></a> +<ul><li>Comments start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ and continue to the end of the line. +<a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files-760"></a><li>Blank lines are ignored. <li>Each nonblank line is broken up into a series of <dfn>words</dfn>: a sequence of non-whitespace characters. -<a name="index-include-_0040r_007bfontmap-directive_007d-735"></a><li>If the first word is `<samp><span class="samp">include</span></samp>', the second word is used as +<a name="index-include-_0040r_007bfontmap-directive_007d-761"></a><li>If the first word is ‘<samp><span class="samp">include</span></samp>’, the second word is used as a filename, and it is searched for and read. <li>Otherwise, the first word on each line is the true filename; <li>the second word is the alias; @@ -3697,8 +3968,8 @@ file is; TeX documents will find their favorite name. <p>If an alias has an extension, it matches only those files with that extension; otherwise, it matches anything with the same root, regardless -of extension. For example, an alias `<samp><span class="samp">foo.tfm</span></samp>' matches only when -<samp><span class="file">foo.tfm</span></samp> is being searched for; but an alias `<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>' matches +of extension. For example, an alias ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.tfm</span></samp>’ matches only when +<samp><span class="file">foo.tfm</span></samp> is being searched for; but an alias ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ matches <samp><span class="file">foo.vf</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo.600pk</span></samp>, etc. <p>As an example, here is an excerpt from the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> in the @@ -3732,8 +4003,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a> <h4 class="subsection">4.3.3 Fallback font</h4> -<p><a name="index-fallback-font-736"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-737"></a><a name="index-font-of-last-resort-738"></a><a name="index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort-739"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-740"></a> -<a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-741"></a><a name="index-XDVISIZES-742"></a><a name="index-DVILJSIZES-743"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES-744"></a><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-745"></a>If a bitmap font cannot be found or created at the requested size, +<p><a name="index-fallback-font-762"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-763"></a><a name="index-font-of-last-resort-764"></a><a name="index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort-765"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-766"></a> +<a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-767"></a><a name="index-XDVISIZES-768"></a><a name="index-DVILJSIZES-769"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES-770"></a><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-771"></a>If a bitmap font cannot be found or created at the requested size, Kpathsea looks for the font at a set of <dfn>fallback resolutions</dfn>. You specify these resolutions as a colon-separated list (like search paths). Kpathsea looks first for a program-specific environment variable (e.g., @@ -3742,7 +4013,7 @@ Kpathsea looks first for a program-specific environment variable (e.g., variable <code>default_texsizes</code>). You can set this list to be empty if you prefer to find fonts at their stated size or not at all. - <p><a name="index-cmr10_0040r_007b_002c-as-fallback-font_007d-746"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffallback_005ffont-747"></a>Finally, if the font cannot be found even at the fallback resolutions, + <p><a name="index-cmr10_0040r_007b_002c-as-fallback-font_007d-772"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffallback_005ffont-773"></a>Finally, if the font cannot be found even at the fallback resolutions, Kpathsea looks for a fallback font, typically <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>. Programs must enable this feature by assigning to the global variable <code>kpse_fallback_font</code> or calling <code>kpse_init_prog</code> @@ -3758,8 +4029,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a> <h3 class="section">4.4 Suppressing warnings</h3> -<p><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-748"></a><a name="index-suppressing-warnings-749"></a> -<a name="index-TEX_005fHUSH-750"></a>Kpathsea provides a way to suppress selected usually-harmless warnings; +<p><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-774"></a><a name="index-suppressing-warnings-775"></a> +<a name="index-TEX_005fHUSH-776"></a>Kpathsea provides a way to suppress selected usually-harmless warnings; this is useful at large sites where most users are not administrators, and thus the warnings are merely a source of confusion, not a help. To do this, you set the environment variable or configuration file value @@ -3767,20 +4038,20 @@ do this, you set the environment variable or configuration file value possibilities: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">all</span></samp>'<a name="index-all-751"></a><dd>Suppress everything possible. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">all</span></samp>’<a name="index-all-777"></a><dd>Suppress everything possible. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">checksum</span></samp>'<a name="index-checksum-752"></a><dd><a name="index-mismatched-checksum-warnings-753"></a>Suppress mismatched font checksum warnings. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">checksum</span></samp>’<a name="index-checksum-778"></a><dd><a name="index-mismatched-checksum-warnings-779"></a>Suppress mismatched font checksum warnings. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">lostchar</span></samp>'<a name="index-lostchar-754"></a><dd><a name="index-missing-character-warnings-755"></a>Suppress warnings when a character is missing from a font that a DVI or + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">lostchar</span></samp>’<a name="index-lostchar-780"></a><dd><a name="index-missing-character-warnings-781"></a>Suppress warnings when a character is missing from a font that a DVI or VF file tries to typeset. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">none</span></samp>'<a name="index-none-756"></a><dd>Don't suppress any warnings. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">none</span></samp>’<a name="index-none-782"></a><dd>Don't suppress any warnings. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">readable</span></samp>'<a name="index-readable-757"></a><dd><a name="index-unreadable-file-warnings-758"></a>Suppress warnings about attempts to access a file whose permissions + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">readable</span></samp>’<a name="index-readable-783"></a><dd><a name="index-unreadable-file-warnings-784"></a>Suppress warnings about attempts to access a file whose permissions render it unreadable. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">special</span></samp>'<a name="index-special-759"></a><dd><a name="index-unknown-special-warnings-760"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cspecial_0040r_007b_002c-suppressing-warnings-about_007d-761"></a>Suppresses warnings about an unimplemented or unparsable -`<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' command. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">special</span></samp>’<a name="index-special-785"></a><dd><a name="index-unknown-special-warnings-786"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cspecial_0040r_007b_002c-suppressing-warnings-about_007d-787"></a>Suppresses warnings about an unimplemented or unparsable +‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ command. </dl> <p class="noindent"><samp><span class="file">tex-hush.c</span></samp> defines the function that checks the @@ -3818,7 +4089,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a> <h3 class="section">5.1 Programming overview</h3> -<p><a name="index-programming-overview-762"></a><a name="index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea-763"></a> +<p><a name="index-programming-overview-788"></a><a name="index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea-789"></a> Aside from this manual, your best source of information is the source to the programs I've modified to use Kpathsea (see <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>). Of those, Dviljk is probably the simplest, and hence a good place to start. @@ -3829,7 +4100,7 @@ complicated by the Web to C translation. Finally, Kpsewhich is a small utility program whose sole purpose is to exercise the main path-searching functionality. - <p><a name="index-pathsearch_002eh-764"></a><a name="index-tex_002dfile_002eh-765"></a><a name="index-tex_002dglyph_002eh-766"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_002eh-767"></a>Beyond these examples, the <samp><span class="file">.h</span></samp> files in the Kpathsea source + <p><a name="index-pathsearch_002eh-790"></a><a name="index-tex_002dfile_002eh-791"></a><a name="index-tex_002dglyph_002eh-792"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_002eh-793"></a>Beyond these examples, the <samp><span class="file">.h</span></samp> files in the Kpathsea source describe the interfaces and functionality (and of course the <samp><span class="file">.c</span></samp> files define the actual routines, which are the ultimate documentation). <samp><span class="file">pathsearch.h</span></samp> declares the basic searching routine. @@ -3838,13 +4109,13 @@ looking up particular kinds of files. In view of the way the headers depend on each other, it is recommended to use <code>#include <kpathsea/kpathsea.h></code>, which includes every Kpathsea header. - <p><a name="index-config_002eh-768"></a><a name="index-c_002dauto_002eh-769"></a>If you want to include only specific headers, you should still consider + <p><a name="index-config_002eh-794"></a><a name="index-c_002dauto_002eh-795"></a>If you want to include only specific headers, you should still consider including <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/config.h</span></samp> before including any other Kpathsea header, as it provides symbols used in the other headers. Note that <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/config.h</span></samp> includes <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/c-auto.h</span></samp>, which is generated by Autoconf. - <p><a name="index-file-types_002c-registering-new-770"></a>The library provides no way for an external program to register new file + <p><a name="index-file-types_002c-registering-new-796"></a>The library provides no way for an external program to register new file types: <samp><span class="file">tex-file.[ch]</span></samp> must be modified to do this. For example, Kpathsea has support for looking up Dvips config files, even though no program other than Dvips will likely ever want to do so. I felt this @@ -3869,12 +4140,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a> <h3 class="section">5.2 Calling sequence</h3> -<p><a name="index-programming-with-Kpathsea-771"></a><a name="index-calling-sequence-772"></a> +<p><a name="index-programming-with-Kpathsea-797"></a><a name="index-calling-sequence-798"></a> The typical way to use Kpathsea in your program goes something like this: <ol type=1 start=1> - <li><a name="index-kpse_005fset_005fprogram_005fname-773"></a><a name="index-argv_005b0_005d-774"></a>Call <code>kpse_set_program_name</code> with <code>argv[0]</code> as the first + <li><a name="index-kpse_005fset_005fprogram_005fname-799"></a><a name="index-argv_005b0_005d-800"></a>Call <code>kpse_set_program_name</code> with <code>argv[0]</code> as the first argument; the second argument is a string or <code>NULL</code>. The second argument is used by Kpathsea as the program name for the <code>.</code><var>program</var> feature of config files (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). @@ -3882,41 +4153,44 @@ If the second argument is <code>NULL</code>, the value of the first argument is used. This function must be called before any other use of the Kpathsea library. - <p><a name="index-program_005finvocation_005fname-775"></a><a name="index-program_005finvocation_005fshort_005fname-776"></a><a name="index-kpse_005fprogram_005fname-777"></a><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-778"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTOLOC-779"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTODIR-780"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTOPARENT-781"></a><a name="index-error-message-macros-782"></a><a name="index-symlinks_002c-resolving-783"></a><a name="index-expanding-symlinks-784"></a>If necessary, <code>kpse_set_program_name</code> sets the global variables + <p><a name="index-program_005finvocation_005fname-801"></a><a name="index-program_005finvocation_005fshort_005fname-802"></a><a name="index-kpse_005fprogram_005fname-803"></a><a name="index-error-message-macros-804"></a><code>kpse_set_program_name</code> always sets the global variables <code>program_invocation_name</code> and <code>program_invocation_short_name</code>. These variables are used in the error message macros defined in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/lib.h</span></samp>. It sets the global variable -<code>kpse_program_name</code> to the program name it uses. It also -initializes debugging options based on the environment variable -<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> (if that is set). Finally, it sets the variables -<code>SELFAUTOLOC</code>, <code>SELFAUTODIR</code> and <code>SELFAUTOPARENT</code> to the -location, parent and grandparent directory of the executable, removing -<samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp> path elements and resolving symbolic links. -These are used in the default configuration file to allow people to -invoke TeX from anywhere, specifically from a mounted CD-ROM. (You can -use `<samp><span class="samp">--expand-var=\$SELFAUTOLOC</span></samp>', etc., to see the values finds.) - - <li><a name="index-kpse_005fset_005fprogname-785"></a><a name="index-argv_005b0_005d-786"></a>The <code>kpse_set_progname</code> is deprecated. A call to +<code>kpse_program_name</code> to the program name it uses. + + <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-805"></a>It also initializes debugging options based on the environment +variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> (if that is set). + + <p><a name="index-SELFAUTOLOC-806"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTODIR-807"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTOPARENT-808"></a><a name="index-symlinks_002c-resolving-809"></a><a name="index-expanding-symlinks-810"></a>Finally, it sets the variables <code>SELFAUTOLOC</code>, <code>SELFAUTODIR</code> +and <code>SELFAUTOPARENT</code> to the location, parent and grandparent +directory of the executable, removing <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp> path +elements and resolving symbolic links. These are used in the default +configuration file to allow people to invoke TeX from anywhere. You +can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --expand-var=\$SELFAUTOLOC</span></samp>’, etc., to see the +values. + + <li><a name="index-kpse_005fset_005fprogname-811"></a><a name="index-argv_005b0_005d-812"></a>The <code>kpse_set_progname</code> is deprecated. A call to <code>kpse_set_progname</code> with <code>argv[0]</code> is equivalent to a call of <code>kpse_set_program_name</code> with first argument <code>argv[0]</code> and second argument <code>NULL</code>. The function is deprecated because it cannot ensure that the <code>.</code><var>program</var> feature of config files will always work (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). - <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fdebug-_0040r_007bvariable_007d-787"></a><a name="index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program-788"></a>Set debugging options. See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. If your program doesn't have a + <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fdebug-_0040r_007bvariable_007d-813"></a><a name="index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program-814"></a>Set debugging options. See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. If your program doesn't have a debugging option already, you can define one and set <code>kpathsea_debug</code> to the number that the user supplies (as in Dviljk and Web2c), or you can just omit this altogether (people can always set <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>). If you do have runtime debugging already, you need to merge Kpathsea's options with yours (as in Dvipsk and Xdvik). - <li><a name="index-client_005fpath-_0040r_007bin-_0040code_007bkpse_005fformat_005finfo_007d_007d-789"></a><a name="index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo-790"></a><a name="index-resident_002ec-791"></a><a name="index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs-792"></a>If your program has its own configuration files that can define search + <li><a name="index-client_005fpath-_0040r_007bin-_0040code_007bkpse_005fformat_005finfo_007d_007d-815"></a><a name="index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo-816"></a><a name="index-resident_002ec-817"></a><a name="index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs-818"></a>If your program has its own configuration files that can define search paths, you should assign those paths to the <code>client_path</code> member in the appropriate element of the <code>kpse_format_info</code> array. (This array is indexed by file type; see <samp><span class="file">tex-file.h</span></samp>.) See <samp><span class="file">resident.c</span></samp> in Dvipsk for an example. - <li><a name="index-kpse_005finit_005fprog-793"></a><a name="index-proginit_002eh-794"></a>Call <code>kpse_init_prog</code> (see <samp><span class="file">proginit.c</span></samp>). It's useful for the + <li><a name="index-kpse_005finit_005fprog-819"></a><a name="index-proginit_002eh-820"></a>Call <code>kpse_init_prog</code> (see <samp><span class="file">proginit.c</span></samp>). It's useful for the DVI drivers, at least, but for other programs it may be simpler to extract the parts of it that actually apply. This does not initialize any paths, it just looks for (and sets) certain environment variables @@ -3924,7 +4198,7 @@ and other random information. (A search path is always initialized at the first call to find a file of that type; this eliminates much useless work, e.g., initializing the BibTeX search paths in a DVI driver.) - <li><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005f_002a-795"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-796"></a>The routine to actually find a file of type <var>format</var> is + <li><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005f_002a-821"></a><a name="index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-822"></a>The routine to actually find a file of type <var>format</var> is <code>kpse_find_</code><var>format</var>, defined in <samp><span class="file">tex-file.h</span></samp>. These are macros that expand to a call to <samp><span class="file">kpse_find_file</span></samp>. You can call, say, <code>kpse_find_tfm</code> after doing only the first of the @@ -3938,24 +4212,24 @@ and does expansions at the first lookup. resultant filename, because fonts can be found in so many ways. See the documentation in the source. - <li><a name="index-kpse_005fopen_005ffile-797"></a>To actually open a file, not just return a filename, call + <li><a name="index-kpse_005fopen_005ffile-823"></a>To actually open a file, not just return a filename, call <code>kpse_open_file</code>. This function takes the name to look up and a Kpathsea file format as arguments, and returns the usual <code>FILE *</code>. It always assumes the file must exist, and thus will search the disk if -necessary (unless the search path specified `<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>', etc.). In other +necessary (unless the search path specified ‘<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>’, etc.). In other words, if you are looking up a VF or some other file that need not exist, don't use this. </ol> - <p><a name="index-hash-table-routines-798"></a><a name="index-memory-allocation-routines-799"></a><a name="index-string-routines-800"></a><a name="index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines-801"></a><a name="index-input-lines_002c-reading-802"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-803"></a>Kpathsea also provides many utility routines. Some are generic: hash + <p><a name="index-hash-table-routines-824"></a><a name="index-memory-allocation-routines-825"></a><a name="index-string-routines-826"></a><a name="index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines-827"></a><a name="index-input-lines_002c-reading-828"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-829"></a>Kpathsea also provides many utility routines. Some are generic: hash tables, memory allocation, string concatenation and copying, string lists, reading input lines of arbitrary length, etc. Others are filename-related: default path, tilde, and variable expansion, <code>stat</code> calls, etc. (Perhaps someday I'll move the former to a separate library.) - <p><a name="index-c_002d_002a_002eh-804"></a><a name="index-autoconf_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-805"></a>The <samp><span class="file">c-*.h</span></samp> header files can also help your program adapt to many + <p><a name="index-c_002d_002a_002eh-830"></a><a name="index-autoconf_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-831"></a>The <samp><span class="file">c-*.h</span></samp> header files can also help your program adapt to many different systems. You will almost certainly want to use Autoconf for configuring your software if you use Kpathsea; I strongly recommend using Autoconf regardless. It is available from @@ -3977,13 +4251,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a> contains some support to make it easy to place them in their own directories. The Standard TeX directory structure (see <a href="tds.html#Top">Introduction</a>), specifies that such files should go into a subdirectory named after the program, -like `<samp><span class="samp">texmf/ttf2pk</span></samp>'. +like ‘<samp><span class="samp">texmf/ttf2pk</span></samp>’. - <p>Two special formats, `<samp><span class="samp">kpse_program_text_format</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">kpse_program_binary_format</span></samp>' exist, which use + <p>Two special formats, ‘<samp><span class="samp">kpse_program_text_format</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">kpse_program_binary_format</span></samp>’ exist, which use <code>.:$TEXMF/</code><var>program</var><code>//</code> as their compiled-in search path. To override this default, you can use the variable -<var>PROGRAM</var><code>INPUTS</code> in the environment and/or `<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>'. +<var>PROGRAM</var><code>INPUTS</code> in the environment and/or ‘<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>’. That is to say, the name of the variable is constructed by converting the name of the program to upper case, and appending <code>INPUTS</code>. @@ -4001,15 +4275,15 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a> <h3 class="section">5.4 Programming with config files</h3> -<p><a name="index-programming-with-config-files-806"></a><a name="index-config-files_002c-programming-with-807"></a> +<p><a name="index-programming-with-config-files-832"></a><a name="index-config-files_002c-programming-with-833"></a> You can (and probably should) use the same <code>texmf.cnf</code> configuration file that Kpathsea uses for your program. This helps installers by keeping all configuration in one place. - <p><a name="index-kpse_005fvar_005fvalue-808"></a><a name="index-variable_002eh-809"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape_0040r_007b_002c-example-for-code_007d-810"></a>To retrieve a value <var>var</var> from config files, the best way is to call + <p><a name="index-kpse_005fvar_005fvalue-834"></a><a name="index-variable_002eh-835"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape_0040r_007b_002c-example-for-code_007d-836"></a>To retrieve a value <var>var</var> from config files, the best way is to call <code>kpse_var_value</code> on the string <var>var</var>. This will look first for an environment variable <var>var</var>, then a config file value. -The result will be the value found or `<samp><span class="samp">NULL</span></samp>'. This function is +The result will be the value found or ‘<samp><span class="samp">NULL</span></samp>’. This function is declared in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/variable.h</span></samp>. For an example, see the <code>shell_escape</code> code in <samp><span class="file">web2c/lib/texmfmp.c</span></samp>. @@ -4019,7 +4293,7 @@ declared in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/variable.h</span></samp>. It's ge to set the search path structure components as explained in the previous section, rather than using this yourself. - <p><a name="index-kpse_005fcnf_005fget-811"></a><a name="index-cnf_002eh-812"></a>If for some reason you want to retrieve a value <em>only</em> from a + <p><a name="index-kpse_005fcnf_005fget-837"></a><a name="index-cnf_002eh-838"></a>If for some reason you want to retrieve a value <em>only</em> from a config file, not automatically looking for a corresponding environment variable, call <code>kpse_cnf_get</code> (declared in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/cnf.h</span></samp>) with the string <var>var</var>. @@ -4037,920 +4311,824 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> <ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021_0021-_0040r_007bin-path-specifications_007d-559"><code>!! </code><span class="roman">in path specifications</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-506"><code>$ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcolor_003dtty-546"><code>--color=tty</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-584"><code>--debug=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021_0021-_0040r_007bin-path-specifications_007d-569"><code>!! </code><span class="roman">in path specifications</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-515"><code>$ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dall-579"><code>--all</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcolor_003dtty-556"><code>--color=tty</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-607"><code>--debug=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dstatic-111"><code>--disable-static</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-569"><code>--dpi=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-581"><code>--dpi=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-107"><code>--enable </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmaintainer_002dmode-112"><code>--enable-maintainer-mode</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-140"><code>--enable-shared</code></a>: <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-110"><code>--enable-shared</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dengine_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-572"><code>--engine=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-586"><code>--expand-braces=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-588"><code>--expand-path=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-587"><code>--expand-var=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dformat_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-574"><code>--format=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-591"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinteractive-575"><code>--interactive</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmode_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-579"><code>--mode=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmust_002dexist-580"><code>--must-exist</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-581"><code>--path=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-582"><code>--progname=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-589"><code>--show-path=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dengine_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-584"><code>--engine=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-609"><code>--expand-braces=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-611"><code>--expand-path=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-610"><code>--expand-var=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dformat_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-586"><code>--format=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-614"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinteractive-587"><code>--interactive</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmode_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-591"><code>--mode=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmust_002dexist-592"><code>--must-exist</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-593"><code>--path=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-594"><code>--progname=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-612"><code>--show-path=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsrcdir_0040r_007b_002c-for-building-multiple-architectures_007d-130"><code>--srcdir</code><span class="roman">, for building multiple architectures</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003d_0040var_007bvariable_007d-585"><code>--var-value=</code><var>variable</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-592"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsubdir_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-595"><code>--subdir=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003d_0040var_007bvariable_007d-608"><code>--var-value=</code><var>variable</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-615"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith-_0040r_007boptions_007d-106"><code>--with </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault-198"><code>--with-mktextex-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault-195"><code>--without-mktexmf-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault-196"><code>--without-mktexpk-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault-197"><code>--without-mktextfm-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d1-_0040r_007bdebugging-value_007d-347"><code>-1 </code><span class="roman">debugging value</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dA-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-548"><code>-A </code><span class="roman">option to </span><code>ls</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dBdynamic-439"><code>-Bdynamic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dBstatic-438"><code>-Bstatic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-570"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddynamic-437"><code>-dynamic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault-201"><code>--with-mktextex-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexfmt_002ddefault-195"><code>--without-mktexfmt-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault-196"><code>--without-mktexmf-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexocp_002ddefault-197"><code>--without-mktexocp-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexofm_002ddefault-198"><code>--without-mktexofm-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault-199"><code>--without-mktexpk-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault-200"><code>--without-mktextfm-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d1-_0040r_007bdebugging-value_007d-353"><code>-1 </code><span class="roman">debugging value</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dA-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-558"><code>-A </code><span class="roman">option to </span><code>ls</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dBdynamic-445"><code>-Bdynamic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dBstatic-444"><code>-Bstatic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-582"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddynamic-443"><code>-dynamic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dg_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-without_007d-136"><code>-g</code><span class="roman">, compiling without</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dL-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-554"><code>-L </code><span class="roman">option to </span><code>ls</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-577"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-578"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dL-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-564"><code>-L </code><span class="roman">option to </span><code>ls</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-589"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-590"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-135"><code>-O</code><span class="roman">, compiling with</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstatic-436"><code>-static</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bdirectories_002c-ignored_007d-551"><code>. </code><span class="roman">directories, ignored</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bfiles_007d-550"><code>. </code><span class="roman">files</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-393"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-599"><code>.afm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-601"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-604"><code>.bib</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebst-607"><code>.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecmap-609"><code>.cmap</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecnf-611"><code>.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-618"><code>.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eeps-627"><code>.eps</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eepsi-628"><code>.epsi</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-620"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eist-631"><code>.ist</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elig-634"><code>.lig</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emap-638"><code>.map</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emem-640"><code>.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-644"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emft-648"><code>.mft</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-651"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eocp-655"><code>.ocp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eofm-657"><code>.ofm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eopl-660"><code>.opl</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eotp-661"><code>.otp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eovf-663"><code>.ovf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eovp-665"><code>.ovp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-694"><code>.pfa</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-695"><code>.pfb</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epk-668"><code>.pk</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epool-646"><code>.pool</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-673"><code>.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002erhosts_0040r_007b_002c-writable-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-252"><code>.rhosts</code><span class="roman">, writable by TeX</span></a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002esfd-676"><code>.sfd</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-678"><code>.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-_0040r_007bfile_002c-included-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d_007d-552"><code>.tex </code><span class="roman">file, included in <samp>ls-R</samp></span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-687"><code>.tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ettc-692"><code>.ttc</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ettf-691"><code>.ttf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002evf-701"><code>.vf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ew-613"><code>.w</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eweb-614"><code>.web</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_002f_007d-451"><code>/ </code><span class="roman">may not be /</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0040r_007b_002c-trailing-in-home-directory_007d-521"><code>/</code><span class="roman">, trailing in home directory</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_002f-528"><code>//</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstatic-442"><code>-static</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bdirectories_002c-ignored_007d-561"><code>. </code><span class="roman">directories, ignored</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bfiles_007d-560"><code>. </code><span class="roman">files</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-399"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-622"><code>.afm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-624"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-627"><code>.bib</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebst-630"><code>.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecmap-632"><code>.cmap</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecnf-634"><code>.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-641"><code>.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eeps-650"><code>.eps</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eepsi-651"><code>.epsi</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-643"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eist-654"><code>.ist</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elig-657"><code>.lig</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emap-661"><code>.map</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emem-663"><code>.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-667"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emft-671"><code>.mft</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-674"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eocp-678"><code>.ocp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eofm-680"><code>.ofm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eopl-683"><code>.opl</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eotp-684"><code>.otp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eovf-686"><code>.ovf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eovp-688"><code>.ovp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-717"><code>.pfa</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-718"><code>.pfb</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epk-691"><code>.pk</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epool-669"><code>.pool</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-696"><code>.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002erhosts_0040r_007b_002c-writable-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-259"><code>.rhosts</code><span class="roman">, writable by TeX</span></a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002esfd-699"><code>.sfd</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-701"><code>.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-_0040r_007bfile_002c-included-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d_007d-562"><code>.tex </code><span class="roman">file, included in </span><samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-710"><code>.tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ettc-715"><code>.ttc</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ettf-714"><code>.ttf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002evf-724"><code>.vf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ew-636"><code>.w</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eweb-637"><code>.web</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_002f_007d-457"><code>/ </code><span class="roman">may not be /</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0040r_007b_002c-trailing-in-home-directory_007d-531"><code>/</code><span class="roman">, trailing in home directory</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_002f-538"><code>//</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002fafs_002f_0040dots_007b_007d-_0040r_007b_002c-installing-into_007d-174"><code>/afs/... </code><span class="roman">, installing into</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-381"><code>/etc/profile</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-_0040r_007band-aliases_007d-547"><code>/etc/profile </code><span class="roman">and aliases</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts-225"><code>/var/tmp/texfonts</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-394"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002e3-filenames_002c-using-207">8.3 filenames, using</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003a-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_003a_007d-450"><code>: </code><span class="roman">may not be :</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_003a_003a-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-497"><code>:: </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-387"><code>/etc/profile</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-_0040r_007band-aliases_007d-557"><code>/etc/profile </code><span class="roman">and aliases</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts-230"><code>/var/tmp/texfonts</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-400"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002e3-filenames_002c-using-212">8.3 filenames, using</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003a-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_003a_007d-456"><code>: </code><span class="roman">may not be :</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003a_003a-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-506"><code>:: </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_0040var_007bvar_007d_0040_0040-substitutions-88">@<var>var</var>@ substitutions</a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040r_007b_002c-line-continuation-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d_007d-489"><code>\</code><span class="roman">, line continuation in <samp>texmf.cnf</samp></span></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenin-461"><code>\openin</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cspecial_0040r_007b_002c-suppressing-warnings-about_007d-761"><code>\special</code><span class="roman">, suppressing warnings about</span></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames-463">absolute filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040r_007b_002c-line-continuation-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d_007d-498"><code>\</code><span class="roman">, line continuation in </span><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenin-467"><code>\openin</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cspecial_0040r_007b_002c-suppressing-warnings-about_007d-787"><code>\special</code><span class="roman">, suppressing warnings about</span></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames-469">absolute filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ac_005finclude_0040r_007b_002c-Autoconf-extension_007d-87"><code>ac_include</code><span class="roman">, Autoconf extension</span></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-access-warnings-469">access warnings</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Acorn-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-297">Acorn TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AFMFONTS-600"><code>AFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-access-warnings-475">access warnings</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Acorn-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-304">Acorn TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-AFMFONTS-623"><code>AFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-AFS-172">AFS</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AIX-4_002e1-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-416">AIX 4.1 <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-AIX-4_002e1-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-422">AIX 4.1 <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> <li><a href="#index-AIX-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-97">AIX shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-728">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-aliases_002c-for-filenames-562">aliases, for filenames</a>: <a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-all-751"><code>all</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-alphabetical-order_002c-not-531">alphabetical order, not</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-754">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-aliases_002c-for-filenames-572">aliases, for filenames</a>: <a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-all-777"><code>all</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-all-matches_002c-finding-580">all matches, finding</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-alphabetical-order_002c-not-541">alphabetical order, not</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Amiga-support-43">Amiga support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Amiga-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-296">Amiga TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Amiga-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-303">Amiga TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Andrew-File-System_002c-installing-with-173">Andrew File System, installing with</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-announcement-mailing-list-329">announcement mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ANSI-C-407">ANSI C</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-append_002donly-directories-and-_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-256">append-only directories and <code>mktexpk</code></a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-appendonlydir-203"><code>appendonlydir</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-announcement-mailing-list-335">announcement mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ANSI-C-413">ANSI C</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-append_002donly-directories-and-_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-263">append-only directories and <code>mktexpk</code></a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-appendonlydir-208"><code>appendonlydir</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-architecture_002d_0028in_0029dependent-files_002c-installing-only-168">architecture-(in)dependent files, installing only</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-architectures_002c-compiling-multiple-128">architectures, compiling multiple</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-arguments-to-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-247">arguments to <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-argv_005b0_005d-774"><code>argv[0]</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-arguments-to-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-254">arguments to <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-argv_005b0_005d-800"><code>argv[0]</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ash_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-98"><code>ash</code><span class="roman">, losing with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-autoconf_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-805"><code>autoconf</code><span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-autoconf_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-831"><code>autoconf</code><span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-configuration-134">automounter, and configuration</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-555">automounter, and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-auxiliary-tasks-583">auxiliary tasks</a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-565">automounter, and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-auxiliary-tasks-606">auxiliary tasks</a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Babel-165">Babel</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Babel-62">Babel</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian-504">Bach, Johann Sebastian</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-backbone-of-CTAN-278">backbone of CTAN</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-backslash_002dnewline-486">backslash-newline</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian-513">Bach, Johann Sebastian</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-backbone-of-CTAN-285">backbone of CTAN</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-backslash_002dnewline-495">backslash-newline</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-bash_0040r_007b_002c-recommended-for-running-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-93"><code>bash</code><span class="roman">, recommended for running </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-basic-glyph-lookup-721">basic glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-basic-glyph-lookup-747">basic glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-16">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS-605"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-binary-mode_002c-for-file-transfers-285">binary mode, for file transfers</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-485">blank lines, in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-brace-expansion-524">brace expansion</a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS-628"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-binary-mode_002c-for-file-transfers-292">binary mode, for file transfers</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-494">blank lines, in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-brace-expansion-534">brace expansion</a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-BSD-universe-160">BSD universe</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-bsh_0040r_007b_002c-ok-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-95"><code>bsh</code><span class="roman">, ok with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS-608"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bug-address-309">bug address</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bug-checklist-311">bug checklist</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bug-mailing-list-328">bug mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bugs_002c-reporting-307">bugs, reporting</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-c_002d_002a_002eh-804"><code>c-*.h</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002eh-769"><code>c-auto.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS-631"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bug-address-316">bug address</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bug-checklist-318">bug checklist</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bug-mailing-list-334">bug mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bugs_002c-reporting-314">bugs, reporting</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-c_002d_002a_002eh-830"><code>c-*.h</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002eh-795"><code>c-auto.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002ein-85"><code>c-auto.in</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local-254">cache of fonts, local</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-calling-sequence-772">calling sequence</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local-261">cache of fonts, local</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-calling-sequence-798">calling sequence</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-CC-113"><code>CC</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cc-_0040r_007bwarnings_007d-443"><code>cc </code><span class="roman">warnings</span></a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cc-_0040r_007bwarnings_007d-449"><code>cc </code><span class="roman">warnings</span></a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-115"><code>cc</code><span class="roman">, compiling with</span></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CD_002dROM-distributions-287">CD-ROM distributions</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CD_002dROM-distributions-294">CD-ROM distributions</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> <li><a href="#index-CFLAGS-116"><code>CFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ChangeLog-_0040r_007bentry_007d-320"><code>ChangeLog </code><span class="roman">entry</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-checklist-for-bug-reports-310">checklist for bug reports</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-checksum-752"><code>checksum</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-circle-fonts-731">circle fonts</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ChangeLog-_0040r_007bentry_007d-326"><code>ChangeLog </code><span class="roman">entry</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-checklist-for-bug-reports-317">checklist for bug reports</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-checksum-778"><code>checksum</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-circle-fonts-757">circle fonts</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> <li><a href="#index-clean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-179"><code>clean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-client_005fpath-_0040r_007bin-_0040code_007bkpse_005fformat_005finfo_007d_007d-789"><code>client_path </code><span class="roman">in </span><code>kpse_format_info</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CMAPFONTS-610"><code>CMAPFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cmr10_0040r_007b_002c-as-fallback-font_007d-746"><code>cmr10</code><span class="roman">, as fallback font</span></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cmr10_002evf-460"><code>cmr10.vf</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cnf_002ec-494"><code>cnf.c</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cnf_002eh-812"><code>cnf.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-client_005fpath-_0040r_007bin-_0040code_007bkpse_005fformat_005finfo_007d_007d-815"><code>client_path </code><span class="roman">in </span><code>kpse_format_info</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CMAPFONTS-633"><code>CMAPFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cmr10_0040r_007b_002c-as-fallback-font_007d-772"><code>cmr10</code><span class="roman">, as fallback font</span></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cmr10_002evf-466"><code>cmr10.vf</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cnf_002ec-503"><code>cnf.c</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cnf_002eh-838"><code>cnf.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-code-sharing-141">code sharing</a>: <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a></li> <li><a href="#index-color-printers_002c-configuring-36">color printers, configuring</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files-733">comments, in fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-484">comments, in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files-759">comments, in fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-493">comments, in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-comments_002c-making-5">comments, making</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup-722">common features in glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-common-problems-376">common problems</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin-_0040r_007bFAQ_007d-430"><code>comp.sys.sun.admin </code><span class="roman">FAQ</span></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comp_002etext_002etex-339"><code>comp.text.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup-748">common features in glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-common-problems-382">common problems</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin-_0040r_007bFAQ_007d-436"><code>comp.sys.sun.admin </code><span class="roman">FAQ</span></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comp_002etext_002etex-345"><code>comp.text.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compilation-29">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path-479">compilation value, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compiler-bugs-402">compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding-406">compiler bugs, finding</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path-485">compilation value, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compiler-bugs-408">compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding-412">compiler bugs, finding</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compiler-options_002c-additional-150">compiler options, additional</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compiler-options_002c-specifying-117">compiler options, specifying</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compiler_002c-changing-157">compiler, changing</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compiling-on-HP_002dUX-409">compiling on HP-UX</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-compiling-on-HP_002dUX-415">compiling on HP-UX</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-conditions-for-use-7">conditions for use</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config-files-480">config files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs-792">config files, for Kpathsea-using programs</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config-files_002c-programming-with-807">config files, programming with</a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eh-768"><code>config.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002elog-314"><code>config.log</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for_007d-617"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, search path for</span></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-config_002estatus-316"><code>config.status</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config-files-486">config files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs-818">config files, for Kpathsea-using programs</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config-files_002c-programming-with-833">config files, programming with</a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002eh-794"><code>config.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002elog-321"><code>config.log</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-596"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for_007d-640"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, search path for</span></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-config_002estatus-323"><code>config.status</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration-28">configuration</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-bugs-315">configuration bugs</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-bugs-322">configuration bugs</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration-compiler-options-119">configuration compiler options</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path-476">configuration file, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-as-shell-scripts_002e-493">configuration files as shell scripts.</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path-482">configuration file, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-as-shell-scripts_002e-502">configuration files as shell scripts.</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration-of-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-191">configuration of <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration-of-optional-features-108">configuration of optional features</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configure-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bsed_007d_007d-412"><code>configure </code><span class="roman">error from </span><code>sed</code></a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-configure-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bsed_007d_007d-418"><code>configure </code><span class="roman">error from </span><code>sed</code></a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-105"><code>configure</code> options</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-194"><code>configure</code> options for <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configure_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-84"><code>configure</code><span class="roman">, running</span></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-context-diff-318">context diff</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-continuation-character-487">continuation character</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-core-dumps_002c-reporting-324">core dumps, reporting</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-context-diff-324">context diff</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-continuation-character-496">continuation character</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-core-dumps_002c-reporting-330">core dumps, reporting</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> <li><a href="#index-CPPFLAGS-118"><code>CPPFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-crashes_002c-reporting-323">crashes, reporting</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CTAN_002c-defined-277">CTAN, defined</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CTAN_002esites-280"><code>CTAN.sites</code></a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-crashes_002c-reporting-329">crashes, reporting</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CTAN_002c-defined-284">CTAN, defined</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CTAN_002esites-287"><code>CTAN.sites</code></a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> <li><a href="#index-custom-installation-40">custom installation</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CWEBINPUTS-615"><code>CWEBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-database-search-452">database search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-database_002c-for-filenames-541">database, for filenames</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-database_002c-format-of-564">database, format of</a>: <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debug_002eh-344"><code>debug.h</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugger-322">debugger</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-340">debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program-788">debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-output-348">debugging output</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-with-_0040samp_007b_002dg_007d_002c-disabling-138">debugging with `<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>', disabling</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CWEBINPUTS-638"><code>CWEBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-database-search-458">database search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-database_002c-for-filenames-551">database, for filenames</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-database_002c-format-of-574">database, format of</a>: <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debug_002eh-350"><code>debug.h</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debugger-328">debugger</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debugging-346">debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program-814">debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debugging-output-354">debugging output</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debugging-with-_0040samp_007b_002dg_007d_002c-disabling-138">debugging with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>’, disabling</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DEC-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-102">DEC shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default-expansion-502">default expansion</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-default-expansion-511">default expansion</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-default-path-features-67">default path features</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> <li><a href="#index-default-paths_002c-changing-75">default paths, changing</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-default-paths_002c-how-they_0027re-made-79">default paths, how they're made</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-745"><code>default_texsizes</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-771"><code>default_texsizes</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DEFS-120"><code>DEFS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> <li><a href="#index-depot-133"><code>depot</code></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device_002c-wrong-392">device, wrong</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-device_002c-wrong-398">device, wrong</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-directories_002c-changing-default-installation-78">directories, changing default installation</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly-204">directories, making append-only</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-directory-permissions-261">directory permissions</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-directory-structure_002c-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-files-265">directory structure, for TeX files</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly-209">directories, making append-only</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-directory-permissions-268">directory permissions</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-directory-structure_002c-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-files-272">directory structure, for TeX files</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> <li><a href="#index-disabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-193">disabling <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-disk-search-456">disk search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding-560">disk searching, avoiding</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-disk-search-462">disk search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding-570">disk searching, avoiding</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> <li><a href="#index-disk-space_002c-needed-47">disk space, needed</a>: <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-disk-usage_002c-reducing-371">disk usage, reducing</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-disk-usage_002c-reducing-377">disk usage, reducing</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> <li><a href="#index-distclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-177"><code>distclean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li> <li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-compiling-simultaneously-50">distributions, compiling simultaneously</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-not-compiling-53">distributions, not compiling</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-on-CD_002dROM-289">distributions, on CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-via-ftp-276">distributions, via ftp</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dlclose-422"><code>dlclose</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dlopen-420"><code>dlopen</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dlsym-421"><code>dlsym</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dlsym_002ec-425"><code>dlsym.c</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-doc-files-680"><code>doc files</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DOS-compatible-names-208">DOS compatible names</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-on-CD_002dROM-296">distributions, on CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-via-ftp-283">distributions, via ftp</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dlclose-428"><code>dlclose</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dlopen-426"><code>dlopen</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dlsym-427"><code>dlsym</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dlsym_002ec-431"><code>dlsym.c</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-doc-files-703"><code>doc files</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DOS-compatible-names-213">DOS compatible names</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DOS-support-44">DOS support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DOS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-300">DOS TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dosnames-206"><code>dosnames</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dot-files-549">dot files</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-doubled-colons-498">doubled colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dpi_0040var_007bnnn_007d-directories-209"><code>dpi</code><var>nnn</var><code> directories</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DOS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-307">DOS TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dosnames-211"><code>dosnames</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dot-files-559">dot files</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-doubled-colons-507">doubled colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dpi_0040var_007bnnn_007d-directories-214"><code>dpi</code><var>nnn</var><code> directories</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVI-drivers-56">DVI drivers</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVILJMAKEPK-242"><code>DVILJMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVILJSIZES-743"><code>DVILJSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-710"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-699"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-240"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-741"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVILJMAKEPK-249"><code>DVILJMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVILJSIZES-769"><code>DVILJSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg-597"><code>dvipdfmx.cfg</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-733"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-722"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-247"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-767"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-files-187">dynamic creation of files</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-linking-problems-with-OpenWin-libraries-426">dynamic linking problems with OpenWin libraries</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dynamic-linking-problems-with-OpenWin-libraries-432">dynamic linking problems with OpenWin libraries</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> <li><a href="#index-EC-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-189">EC fonts, and dynamic source creation</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-538"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-email-CTAN-access-283">email CTAN access</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-548"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-email-CTAN-access-290">email CTAN access</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> <li><a href="#index-enabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-192">enabling <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ENCFONTS-619"><code>ENCFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-engine-name-573">engine name</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path-475">environment variable, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-596">environment variables for TeX</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-in-paths-507">environment variables in paths</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-environment-variables_002c-old-382">environment variables, old</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epoch_002c-seconds-since-373">epoch, seconds since</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-error-message-macros-782">error message macros</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-excessive-startup-time-385">excessive startup time</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expand_002ec-526"><code>expand.c</code></a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanding-symlinks-784">expanding symlinks</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-default-503">expansion, default</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-path-element-462">expansion, path element</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-search-path-496">expansion, search path</a>: <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-subdirectory-530">expansion, subdirectory</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-tilde-517">expansion, tilde</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-variable-509">expansion, variable</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-explicitly-relative-filenames-465">explicitly relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database-542">externally-built filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extra-colons-501">extra colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ENCFONTS-642"><code>ENCFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-engine-name-585">engine name</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path-481">environment variable, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-619">environment variables for TeX</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-in-paths-516">environment variables in paths</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-environment-variables_002c-old-388">environment variables, old</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-epoch_002c-seconds-since-379">epoch, seconds since</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-error-message-macros-804">error message macros</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-excessive-startup-time-391">excessive startup time</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expand_002ec-536"><code>expand.c</code></a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expanding-symlinks-810">expanding symlinks</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-default-512">expansion, default</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-path-element-468">expansion, path element</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-search-path-505">expansion, search path</a>: <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-subdirectory-540">expansion, subdirectory</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-tilde-526">expansion, tilde</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-variable-518">expansion, variable</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-explicitly-relative-filenames-471">explicitly relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-extensions_002c-filename-737">extensions, filename</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database-552">externally-built filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-extra-colons-510">extra colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-extraclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-181"><code>extraclean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-failed-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-script-invocation-244">failed <code>mktex...</code> script invocation</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fallback-font-736">fallback font</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-737">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-failed-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-script-invocation-251">failed <code>mktex...</code> script invocation</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fallback-font-762">fallback font</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-763">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions_002c-overriding-145">fallback resolutions, overriding</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-_0040t_007bcomp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin_007d-431">FAQ, <tt>comp.sys.sun.admin</tt></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea-378">FAQ, Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Farwell_002c-Matthew-534">Farwell, Matthew</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-_0040t_007bcomp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin_007d-437">FAQ, <tt>comp.sys.sun.admin</tt></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea-384">FAQ, Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Farwell_002c-Matthew-544">Farwell, Matthew</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-features_002c-of-default-paths-68">features, of default paths</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-supported-595">file formats, supported</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-lookup-711">file lookup</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-permissions-259">file permissions</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-types_002c-registering-new-770">file types, registering new</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filename-aliases-561">filename aliases</a>: <a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filename-database-540">filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-supported-618">file formats, supported</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-lookup-734">file lookup</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-permissions-266">file permissions</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-types_002c-registering-new-796">file types, registering new</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-filename-aliases-571">filename aliases</a>: <a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-filename-database-550">filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li> <li><a href="#index-filename-database-generation-182">filename database generation</a>: <a href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative-466">filenames, absolute or explicitly relative</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-files_002c-unable-to-find-380">files, unable to find</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filesystem-search-455">filesystem search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-floating-directories-454">floating directories</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-alias-files-727">font alias files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-generation-failures-389">font generation failures</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-of-last-resort-738">font of last resort</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative-472">filenames, absolute or explicitly relative</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-files_002c-unable-to-find-386">files, unable to find</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-filesystem-search-461">filesystem search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-floating-directories-460">floating directories</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fmtutil-240"><code>fmtutil</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fmtutil_002ecnf-598"><code>fmtutil.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fmtutils_002ecnf-202"><code>fmtutils.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-alias-files-753">font alias files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-generation-failures-395">font generation failures</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-of-last-resort-764">font of last resort</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> <li><a href="#index-font-set_002c-infinite-186">font set, infinite</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontmap-files-726">fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontmaps-210"><code>fontmaps</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontname-212">fontname</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length-730">fontnames, arbitrary length</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontmap-files-752">fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontmaps-215"><code>fontmaps</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontname-217">fontname</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length-756">fontnames, arbitrary length</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-being-created-37">fonts, being created</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS-707"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fopen_0040r_007b_002c-redefined_007d-355"><code>fopen</code><span class="roman">, redefined</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-format-of-external-database-563">format of external database</a>: <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-291">Free Software Foundation</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-414">FreeBSD <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS-730"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fopen_0040r_007b_002c-redefined_007d-361"><code>fopen</code><span class="roman">, redefined</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-format-of-external-database-573">format of external database</a>: <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-298">Free Software Foundation</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-420">FreeBSD <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> <li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-100">FreeBSD shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FSF-Source-Code-CD_002dROM-292">FSF Source Code CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ftp-retrieval-274">ftp retrieval</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ftp_002etug_002eorg-273"><code>ftp.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FSF-Source-Code-CD_002dROM-299">FSF Source Code CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ftp-retrieval-281">ftp retrieval</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ftp_002etug_002eorg-280"><code>ftp.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea-2">fundamental purpose of Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-gcc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-114"><code>gcc</code><span class="roman">, compiling with</span></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gdb_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-326"><code>gdb</code><span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gdb_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-332"><code>gdb</code><span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> <li><a href="#index-generation-of-filename-database-183">generation of filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-get_005fapplicationShellWidgetClass-429"><code>get_applicationShellWidgetClass</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-get_005fwmShellWidgetClass-428"><code>get_wmShellWidgetClass</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gf-623"><code>gf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GFFONTS-624"><code>GFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-globally-writable-directories-255">globally writable directories</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-716">glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance-724">glyph lookup bitmap tolerance</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS-625"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs-404">GNU C compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-get_005fapplicationShellWidgetClass-435"><code>get_applicationShellWidgetClass</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-get_005fwmShellWidgetClass-434"><code>get_wmShellWidgetClass</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gf-646"><code>gf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GFFONTS-647"><code>GFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-globally-writable-directories-262">globally writable directories</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-742">glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance-750">glyph lookup bitmap tolerance</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS-648"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-glyphlist_002etxt-599"><code>glyphlist.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs-410">GNU C compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-GNU-General-Public-License-9">GNU General Public License</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-group_002dwritable-directories-257">group-writable directories</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028128_0029_007d-361"><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(128)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing-366">hash table buckets, printing</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hash-table-routines-798">hash table routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-_0040r_007bvariable-for-debugging_007d-365"><code>hash_summary_only </code><span class="roman">variable for debugging</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-help_002c-mailing-list-for-general-_0040TeX_007b_007d-337">help, mailing list for general TeX</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-group_002dwritable-directories-264">group-writable directories</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028128_0029_007d-367"><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(128)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing-372">hash table buckets, printing</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hash-table-routines-824">hash table routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-_0040r_007bvariable-for-debugging_007d-371"><code>hash_summary_only </code><span class="roman">variable for debugging</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-help_002c-mailing-list-for-general-_0040TeX_007b_007d-343">help, mailing list for general TeX</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> <li><a href="#index-HIER-73"><code>HIER</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> <li><a href="#index-history-of-Kpathsea-12">history of Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-home-directories-in-paths-515">home directories in paths</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HOME_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-518"><code>HOME</code><span class="roman">, as ~ expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HP_002dUX_002c-compiling-on-408">HP-UX, compiling on</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in-490">identifiers, characters valid in</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-illegal-pointer-combination-warnings-442">illegal pointer combination warnings</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-include-_0040r_007bfontmap-directive_007d-735"><code>include </code><span class="roman">fontmap directive</span></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-INDEXSTYLE-633"><code>INDEXSTYLE</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-info_002dtex_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-338"><code>info-tex@shsu.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-input-lines_002c-reading-802">input lines, reading</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-home-directories-in-paths-524">home directories in paths</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HOME_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-527"><code>HOME</code><span class="roman">, as ~ expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HP_002dUX_002c-compiling-on-414">HP-UX, compiling on</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in-499">identifiers, characters valid in</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-illegal-pointer-combination-warnings-448">illegal pointer combination warnings</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-include-_0040r_007bfontmap-directive_007d-761"><code>include </code><span class="roman">fontmap directive</span></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-INDEXSTYLE-656"><code>INDEXSTYLE</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-info_002dtex_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-344"><code>info-tex@shsu.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-input-lines_002c-reading-828">input lines, reading</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-install_002ddata-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-171"><code>install-data </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-install_002dexec-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-170"><code>install-exec </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation-27">installation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation-testing-249">installation testing</a>: <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-installation-testing-256">installation testing</a>: <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation_002c-architecture_002d_0028in_0029dependent-files-only-169">installation, architecture-(in)dependent files only</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation_002c-changing-default-directories-77">installation, changing default directories</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation_002c-customized-41">installation, customized</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation_002c-getting-executables-instead-of-33">installation, getting executables instead of</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation_002c-simple-31">installation, simple</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installing-files-166">installing files</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interactive-query-576">interactive query</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-interactive-query-588">interactive query</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-interface_002c-not-frozen-4">interface, not frozen</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-introduction-1">introduction</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007bkdebug_003a_007d-364">`<samp><span class="samp">kdebug:</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kdefault_002ec-505"><code>kdefault.c</code></a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007bkdebug_003a_007d-370">‘<samp><span class="samp">kdebug:</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kdefault_002ec-514"><code>kdefault.c</code></a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-13">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by-305">Knuth, Donald E., archive of programs by</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-original-author-286">Knuth, Donald E., original author</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by-312">Knuth, Donald E., archive of programs by</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-original-author-293">Knuth, Donald E., original author</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Korn-shell_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-96">Korn shell<span class="roman">, losing with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path-477">Kpathsea config file, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path-483">Kpathsea config file, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Kpathsea-version-number-52">Kpathsea version number</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_002eh-767"><code>kpathsea.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_002eh-793"><code>kpathsea.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-kpathsea_002fHIER-74"><code>kpathsea/HIER</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> <li><a href="#index-kpathsea_002fREADME_002eCONFIGURE-91"><code>kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-778"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fdebug-346"><code>kpathsea_debug</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-345"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fdebug-343"><code>kpathsea_debug</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fdebug-_0040r_007bvariable_007d-787"><code>kpathsea_debug </code><span class="roman">variable</span></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE-725"><code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fcnf_005fget-811"><code>kpse_cnf_get</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_0040r_007b_002816_0029_007d-358"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND </code><span class="roman">(16)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_0040r_007b_00284_0029_007d-354"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN </code><span class="roman">(4)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_0040r_007b_00282_0029_007d-353"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH </code><span class="roman">(2)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_0040r_007b_00288_0029_007d-356"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS </code><span class="roman">(8)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_0040r_007b_002832_0029_007d-359"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH </code><span class="roman">(32)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_0040r_007b_00281_0029_007d-352"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT </code><span class="roman">(1)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_0040r_007b_002864_0029_007d-360"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS </code><span class="roman">(64)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDOT-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-527"><code>KPSE_DOT </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffallback_005ffont-747"><code>kpse_fallback_font</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005f_002a-795"><code>kpse_find_*</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-796"><code>kpse_find_file</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-715"><code>kpse_find_file</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005fglyph_005fformat-720"><code>kpse_find_glyph_format</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo-790"><code>kpse_format_info</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype-357"><code>kpse_format_info_type</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005finit_005fprog-793"><code>kpse_init_prog</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-805"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fdebug-352"><code>kpathsea_debug</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-351"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fdebug-349"><code>kpathsea_debug</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fdebug-_0040r_007bvariable_007d-813"><code>kpathsea_debug </code><span class="roman">variable</span></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fWARNING-490"><code>KPATHSEA_WARNING</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE-751"><code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fcnf_005fget-837"><code>kpse_cnf_get</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_0040r_007b_002816_0029_007d-364"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND </code><span class="roman">(16)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_0040r_007b_00284_0029_007d-360"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN </code><span class="roman">(4)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_0040r_007b_00282_0029_007d-359"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH </code><span class="roman">(2)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_0040r_007b_00288_0029_007d-362"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS </code><span class="roman">(8)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_0040r_007b_002832_0029_007d-365"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH </code><span class="roman">(32)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_0040r_007b_00281_0029_007d-358"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT </code><span class="roman">(1)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_0040r_007b_002864_0029_007d-366"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS </code><span class="roman">(64)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDOT-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-537"><code>KPSE_DOT </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffallback_005ffont-773"><code>kpse_fallback_font</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005f_002a-821"><code>kpse_find_*</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-822"><code>kpse_find_file</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005ffile-741"><code>kpse_find_file</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005ffind_005fglyph_005fformat-746"><code>kpse_find_glyph_format</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo-816"><code>kpse_format_info</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype-363"><code>kpse_format_info_type</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005finit_005fprog-819"><code>kpse_init_prog</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-kpse_005finit_005fprog_0040r_007b_002c-and-_0040code_007bMAKETEX_005fMODE_007d_007d-71"><code>kpse_init_prog</code><span class="roman">, and </span><code>MAKETEX_MODE</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fmake_005fspecs-235"><code>kpse_make_specs</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fopen_005ffile-797"><code>kpse_open_file</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fprogram_005fname-777"><code>kpse_program_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fset_005fprogname-785"><code>kpse_set_progname</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fset_005fprogram_005fname-773"><code>kpse_set_program_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fvar_005fvalue-808"><code>kpse_var_value</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kpsewhich-565"><code>kpsewhich</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging-350">Kpsewhich, and debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fopen_005ffile-823"><code>kpse_open_file</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fprogram_005fname-803"><code>kpse_program_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fset_005fprogname-811"><code>kpse_set_progname</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fset_005fprogram_005fname-799"><code>kpse_set_program_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fvar_005fvalue-834"><code>kpse_var_value</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kpsewhich-575"><code>kpsewhich</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging-356">Kpsewhich, and debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ksh_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-94"><code>ksh</code><span class="roman">, losing with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-labrea_002estanford_002eedu-304"><code>labrea.stanford.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-labrea_002estanford_002eedu-311"><code>labrea.stanford.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> <li><a href="#index-LaserJet-drive-58">LaserJet drive</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-740">last-resort font</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-La_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-334">LaTeX help mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lcircle10-732"><code>lcircle10</code></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-766">last-resort font</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-La_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-340">LaTeX help mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lcircle10-758"><code>lcircle10</code></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> <li><a href="#index-LDFLAGS-122"><code>LDFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-leading-colons-499">leading colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed-384">leaf directories wrongly guessed</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-leaf-directory-trick-533">leaf directory trick</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-libdl_002ea-424"><code>libdl.a</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-leading-colons-508">leading colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed-390">leaf directories wrongly guessed</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-leaf-directory-trick-543">leaf directory trick</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-libdl_002ea-430"><code>libdl.a</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> <li><a href="#index-libraries_002c-changing-158">libraries, changing</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-libraries_002c-specifying-additional-125">libraries, specifying additional</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> <li><a href="#index-LIBS-124"><code>LIBS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> <li><a href="#index-libucb_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-163"><code>libucb</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-license-for-using-the-library-8">license for using the library</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIGFONTS-635"><code>LIGFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-803">lines, reading arbitrary-length</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Linux-File-System-Standard-227">Linux File System Standard</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LIGFONTS-658"><code>LIGFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-829">lines, reading arbitrary-length</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Linux-File-System-Standard-232">Linux File System Standard</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Linux-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-101">Linux shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Linux_002c-using-Web2c-293">Linux, using Web2c</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Linux_002c-using-Web2c-300">Linux, using Web2c</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> <li><a href="#index-lndir-_0040r_007bfor-building-symlink-trees_007d-131"><code>lndir </code><span class="roman">for building symlink trees</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="#index-loader-options-123">loader options</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> <li><a href="#index-loader-options_002c-final-154">loader options, final</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-loader-options_002c-initial-152">loader options, initial</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-local-cache-of-fonts-253">local cache of fonts</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-log-file-367">log file</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-logging-successful-searches-368">logging successful searches</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lost_002bfound-_0040r_007bdirectory_007d-471"><code>lost+found </code><span class="roman">directory</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lostchar-754"><code>lostchar</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-636"><code>ls-R</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-local-cache-of-fonts-260">local cache of fonts</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-log-file-373">log file</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-logging-successful-searches-374">logging successful searches</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lost_002bfound-_0040r_007bdirectory_007d-477"><code>lost+found </code><span class="roman">directory</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lostchar-780"><code>lostchar</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-659"><code>ls-R</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007band-AFS_007d-175"><code>ls-R </code><span class="roman">and AFS</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007bdatabase-file_007d-543"><code>ls-R </code><span class="roman">database file</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR_0040r_007b_002c-simplest-build_007d-545"><code>ls-R</code><span class="roman">, simplest build</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mach10-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-415">Mach10 <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macintosh-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-299">Macintosh TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-535">MacKenzie, David</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007bdatabase-file_007d-553"><code>ls-R </code><span class="roman">database file</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR_0040r_007b_002c-simplest-build_007d-555"><code>ls-R</code><span class="roman">, simplest build</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mach10-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-421">Mach10 <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macintosh-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-306">Macintosh TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-545">MacKenzie, David</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-22">MacKenzie, David</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magic-characters-449">magic characters</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mailing-lists-327">mailing lists</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-magic-characters-455">magic characters</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mailing-lists-333">mailing lists</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> <li><a href="#index-maintainer_002dclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-180"><code>maintainer-clean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Make-arguments_002c-additional-156">Make arguments, additional</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-make_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-142"><code>make</code><span class="roman">, running</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Makefile_002ein-86"><code>Makefile.in</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Makefiles_002c-empty-410">Makefiles, empty</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028512_0029_007d-362"><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(512)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_00281024_0029_007d-363"><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(1024)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Makefiles_002c-empty-416">Makefiles, empty</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028512_0029_007d-368"><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(512)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_00281024_0029_007d-369"><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(1024)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fMODE-69"><code>MAKETEX_MODE</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-allocation-routines-799">memory allocation routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-metafont-driver-files-214">metafont driver files</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-failures-401">Metafont failures</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-installation-399">Metafont installation</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts-395">Metafont making too-large fonts</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device-391">Metafont using the wrong device</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MFBASES-602"><code>MFBASES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MFINPUTS-645"><code>MFINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MFPOOL-647"><code>MFPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MFTINPUTS-649"><code>MFTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mirrors_002c-FTP-281">mirrors, FTP</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MISCFONTS-650"><code>MISCFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mismatched-checksum-warnings-753">mismatched checksum warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-243"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-246"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-missing-character-warnings-755">missing character warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-memory-allocation-routines-825">memory allocation routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-metafont-driver-files-219">metafont driver files</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Metafont-failures-407">Metafont failures</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Metafont-installation-405">Metafont installation</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts-401">Metafont making too-large fonts</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device-397">Metafont using the wrong device</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MFBASES-625"><code>MFBASES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MFINPUTS-668"><code>MFINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MFPOOL-670"><code>MFPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MFTINPUTS-672"><code>MFTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mirrors_002c-FTP-288">mirrors, FTP</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MISCFONTS-673"><code>MISCFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mismatched-checksum-warnings-779">mismatched checksum warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-250"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-253"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-missing-character-warnings-781">missing character warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mkocp-242"><code>mkocp</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mkofm-243"><code>mkofm</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-configuration-190"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script configuration</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-names-232"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-names-237"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-184"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-199"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt-201"><code>mktex.opt</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexdir-205"><code>mktexdir</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexmf-238"><code>mktexmf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexpk-236"><code>mktexpk</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-600"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-203"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt-204"><code>mktex.opt</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktexdir-210"><code>mktexdir</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktexfmt-239"><code>mktexfmt</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktexmf-241"><code>mktexmf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktexpk-244"><code>mktexpk</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mktexpk-_0040r_007b_002c-initial-runs_007d-38"><code>mktexpk </code><span class="roman">, initial runs</span></a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-can_0027t-guess-mode-390"><code>mktexpk</code> can't guess mode</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktextex-237"><code>mktextex</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktextfm-239"><code>mktextfm</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mode-directory_002c-omitting-216">mode directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-can_0027t-guess-mode-396"><code>mktexpk</code> can't guess mode</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktextex-245"><code>mktextex</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mktextfm-246"><code>mktextfm</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mode-directory_002c-omitting-221">mode directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim-14">Morgan, Tim</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mostlyclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-178"><code>mostlyclean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPINPUTS-652"><code>MPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPMEMS-641"><code>MPMEMS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPPOOL-654"><code>MPPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT-643"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MT_005fFEATURES-202"><code>MT_FEATURES</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPINPUTS-675"><code>MPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPMEMS-664"><code>MPMEMS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPPOOL-677"><code>MPPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT-666"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MT_005fFEATURES-207"><code>MT_FEATURES</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-multiple-architectures_002c-compiling-on-127">multiple architectures, compiling on</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="#index-multiple-architectures_002c-directories-for-132">multiple architectures, directories for</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="#index-multiple-architectures_002c-installing-on-167">multiple architectures, installing on</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchies-525">multiple TeX hierarchies</a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-must-exist-458">must exist</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-names-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-233">names for <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NetBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-413">NetBSD <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-multiple-_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchies-535">multiple TeX hierarchies</a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-must-exist-464">must exist</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-names-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-238">names for <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-NetBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-419">NetBSD <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> <li><a href="#index-NetBSD-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-99">NetBSD shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Neumann_002c-Gustaf-25">Neumann, Gustaf</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-newsgroup-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-336">newsgroup for TeX</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NeXT-_0040code_007bsed_007d-error-417">NeXT <code>sed</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-newsgroup-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-342">newsgroup for TeX</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-NeXT-_0040code_007bsed_007d-error-423">NeXT <code>sed</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> <li><a href="#index-NeXT_002c-lacking-X11-54">NeXT, lacking X11</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NFS-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-556">NFS and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NFS-CTAN-access-284">NFS CTAN access</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-nomfdrivers-213"><code>nomfdrivers</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-nomode-215"><code>nomode</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-NFS-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-566">NFS and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-NFS-CTAN-access-291">NFS CTAN access</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-nomfdrivers-218"><code>nomfdrivers</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-nomode-220"><code>nomode</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-non_002dEnglish-typesetting-63">non-English typesetting</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-operating-systems-42">non-Unix operating systems</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-none-756"><code>none</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing-325">null pointers, dereferencing</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-numeric-debugging-values-351">numeric debugging values</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-268">obtaining TeX</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-obtaining-Web2c-by-ftp-275">obtaining Web2c by ftp</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-obtaining-Web2c-on-CD_002dROM-288">obtaining Web2c on CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OCPINPUTS-656"><code>OCPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OFMFONTS-658"><code>OFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious-397">online Metafont display, spurious</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OPENTYPEFONTS-659"><code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OpenWin-libraries_002c-dynamic-linking-problems-427">OpenWin libraries, dynamic linking problems</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-optimization-caveat-403">optimization caveat</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-none-782"><code>none</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing-331">null pointers, dereferencing</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-numeric-debugging-values-357">numeric debugging values</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-275">obtaining TeX</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-obtaining-Web2c-by-ftp-282">obtaining Web2c by ftp</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-obtaining-Web2c-on-CD_002dROM-295">obtaining Web2c on CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OCPINPUTS-679"><code>OCPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OFMFONTS-681"><code>OFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious-403">online Metafont display, spurious</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OPENTYPEFONTS-682"><code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OpenWin-libraries_002c-dynamic-linking-problems-433">OpenWin libraries, dynamic linking problems</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-optimization-caveat-409">optimization caveat</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-optimization_002c-enabling-137">optimization, enabling</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-options-for-debugging-342">options for debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-options-for-debugging-348">options for debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> <li><a href="#index-options-to-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-109">options to <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-OS_002f2-support-45">OS/2 support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-other-_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-294">other TeX distributions</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OTPINPUTS-662"><code>OTPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-overview-of-path-searching-447">overview of path searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea-763">overview of programming with Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OVFFONTS-664"><code>OVFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OVPFONTS-666"><code>OVPFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-patches_002c-Sun-OpenWin-434">patches, Sun OpenWin</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-expansion-495">path expansion</a>: <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-searching-444">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-searching-options-568">path searching options</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-overview-446">path searching, overview</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-standalone-566">path searching, standalone</a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-sources-473">path sources</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-other-_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-301">other TeX distributions</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OTPINPUTS-685"><code>OTPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-overview-of-path-searching-453">overview of path searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea-789">overview of programming with Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OVFFONTS-687"><code>OVFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OVPFONTS-689"><code>OVPFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-patches_002c-Sun-OpenWin-440">patches, Sun OpenWin</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-path-expansion-504">path expansion</a>: <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-path-searching-450">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-path-searching-options-578">path searching options</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-overview-452">path searching, overview</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-standalone-576">path searching, standalone</a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-path-sources-479">path sources</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> <li><a href="#index-paths_002c-changing-default-76">paths, changing default</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-paths_002c-changing-default-65">paths, changing default</a>: <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a></li> <li><a href="#index-paths_002c-device-name-included-in-70">paths, device name included in</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> <li><a href="#index-paths_002eh-83"><code>paths.h</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-paths_002eh_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-144"><code>paths.h</code><span class="roman">, creating</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pathsearch_002eh-764"><code>pathsearch.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pathsearch_002eh-790"><code>pathsearch.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-pc-_0040r_007bPascal-compiler_007d-20"><code>pc </code><span class="roman">Pascal compiler</span></a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PCL-driver-57">PCL driver</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PDF-generation-59">PDF generation</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDFTEXCONFIG-667"><code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-permission-denied-467">permission denied</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-directory-262">permissions, directory</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-file-260">permissions, file</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS-669"><code>PKFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-398"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pointer-combination-warnings-441">pointer combination warnings</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt-601"><code>pdfglyphlist.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdftex_002ecfg-602"><code>pdftex.cfg</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PDFTEXCONFIG-690"><code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdftexconfig_002etex-603"><code>pdftexconfig.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-permission-denied-473">permission denied</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-directory-269">permissions, directory</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-file-267">permissions, file</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS-692"><code>PKFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-404"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pointer-combination-warnings-447">pointer combination warnings</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-driver-60">PostScript driver</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-additional-35">PostScript fonts, additional</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-precompiled-executables_002c-instead-of-installation-32">precompiled executables, instead of installation</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-precompiled-Unix-binaries-303">precompiled Unix binaries</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-precompiled-Unix-binaries-310">precompiled Unix binaries</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> <li><a href="#index-preprocessor-options-121">preprocessor options</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li> <li><a href="#index-preprocessor-options_002c-additional-148">preprocessor options, additional</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-files-34">printer configuration files</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-privacy_002c-semblance-of-375">privacy, semblance of</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-problems_002c-common-377">problems, common</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-privacy_002c-semblance-of-381">privacy, semblance of</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-problems_002c-common-383">problems, common</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li> <li><a href="#index-proginit_002ec-72"><code>proginit.c</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-proginit_002eh-794"><code>proginit.h</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-program_002dvarying-paths-598">program-varying paths</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-program_005finvocation_005fname-775"><code>program_invocation_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-program_005finvocation_005fshort_005fname-776"><code>program_invocation_short_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-programming-overview-762">programming overview</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-programming-with-config-files-806">programming with config files</a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-programming-with-Kpathsea-771">programming with Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-proginit_002eh-820"><code>proginit.h</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-program_002dvarying-paths-621">program-varying paths</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-program_005finvocation_005fname-801"><code>program_invocation_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-program_005finvocation_005fshort_005fname-802"><code>program_invocation_short_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-programming-overview-788">programming overview</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-programming-with-config-files-832">programming with config files</a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-programming-with-Kpathsea-797">programming with Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-programs-using-the-library-3">programs using the library</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-proof-mode-396">proof mode</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PSHEADERS-675"><code>PSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-proof-mode-402">proof mode</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PSHEADERS-698"><code>PSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-pxp-_0040r_007bPascal-preprocessor_007d-19"><code>pxp </code><span class="roman">Pascal preprocessor</span></a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quoting-variable-values-511">quoting variable values</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-readable-757"><code>readable</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines-801">reading arbitrary-length lines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quoting-variable-values-520">quoting variable values</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-readable-783"><code>readable</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines-827">reading arbitrary-length lines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> <li><a href="#index-README_002eCONFIGURE-90"><code>README.CONFIGURE</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-README_002emirrors-279"><code>README.mirrors</code></a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-recording-successful-searches-369">recording successful searches</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-relative-filenames-464">relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-README_002emirrors-286"><code>README.mirrors</code></a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-recording-successful-searches-375">recording successful searches</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-relative-filenames-470">relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-relative-filenames-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-176">relative filenames in <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reporting-bugs-306">reporting bugs</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resident_002ec-791"><code>resident.c</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-571">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort-739">resolutions, last-resort</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-retrieving-_0040TeX_007b_007d-269">retrieving TeX</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments-491">right-hand side of variable assignments</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-reporting-bugs-313">reporting bugs</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-resident_002ec-817"><code>resident.c</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-583">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort-765">resolutions, last-resort</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-retrieving-_0040TeX_007b_007d-276">retrieving TeX</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments-500">right-hand side of variable assignments</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tom-15">Rokicki, Tom</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007broot_007d-user-519"><tt>root</tt> user</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-runtime-configuration-files-482">runtime configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-runtime-debugging-341">runtime debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007broot_007d-user-529"><tt>root</tt> user</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-runtime-configuration-files-488">runtime configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-runtime-debugging-347">runtime debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Sauter-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-188">Sauter fonts, and dynamic source creation</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scripts-for-file-creation-185">scripts for file creation</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search-path_002c-defined-448">search path, defined</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search-path_002c-defined-454">search path, defined</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-search-paths_002c-changing-default-64">search paths, changing default</a>: <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-for-files-712">searching for files</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-for-glyphs-717">searching for glyphs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-overview-445">searching overview</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-the-database-453">searching the database</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-the-disk-457">searching the disk</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security-considerations-250">security considerations</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sed-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-411"><code>sed </code><span class="roman">error from </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTODIR-780">SELFAUTODIR</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTOLOC-779">SELFAUTOLOC</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTOPARENT-781">SELFAUTOPARENT</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sending-patches-319">sending patches</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-setgid-scripts-258">setgid scripts</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SFDFONTS-677"><code>SFDFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-for-files-735">searching for files</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-for-glyphs-743">searching for glyphs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-overview-451">searching overview</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-the-database-459">searching the database</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-the-disk-463">searching the disk</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-security-considerations-257">security considerations</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sed-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-417"><code>sed </code><span class="roman">error from </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTODIR-807">SELFAUTODIR</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTOLOC-806">SELFAUTOLOC</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTOPARENT-808">SELFAUTOPARENT</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sending-patches-325">sending patches</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-setgid-scripts-265">setgid scripts</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SFDFONTS-700"><code>SFDFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-sh5_0040r_007b_002c-ok-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-104"><code>sh5</code><span class="roman">, ok with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shar_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-317">shar<span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> <li><a href="#index-shared-library_002c-making-139">shared library, making</a>: <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-scripts-as-configuration-files-492">shell scripts as configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-variables-512">shell variables</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_0040r_007b_002c-example-for-code_007d-810"><code>shell_escape</code><span class="roman">, example for code</span></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shell-scripts-as-configuration-files-501">shell scripts as configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shell-variables-521">shell variables</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_0040r_007b_002c-example-for-code_007d-836"><code>shell_escape</code><span class="roman">, example for code</span></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-92">shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> <li><a href="#index-simple-installation-30">simple installation</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-site-overrides-for-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-200">site overrides for <code>mktex...</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-site-overrides-for-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-205">site overrides for <code>mktex...</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-size-of-distribution-archives-49">size of distribution archives</a>: <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-skeleton-_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-266">skeleton TeX directory</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slow-startup-time-386">slow startup time</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-skeleton-_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-273">skeleton TeX directory</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-slow-startup-time-392">slow startup time</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Solaris-BSD-compatibility_002c-not-162">Solaris BSD compatibility, not</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-source-files-682"><code>source files</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sources-for-search-paths-474">sources for search paths</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-special-759"><code>special</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-st_005fnlink-536"><code>st_nlink</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-stack-trace-321">stack trace</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standalone-path-searching-567">standalone path searching</a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-error-and-debugging-output-349">standard error and debugging output</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-standard-options-590">standard options</a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-startup-time_002c-excessive-387">startup time, excessive</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-static-linking-435">static linking</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-static-linking-and-_0040code_007bdlsym_007d-419">static linking and <code>dlsym</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-routines-800">string routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-strip-221"><code>strip</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-stripsupplier-217"><code>stripsupplier</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-striptypeface-219"><code>striptypeface</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-subdirectory-searching-529">subdirectory searching</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-source-files-705"><code>source files</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sources-for-search-paths-480">sources for search paths</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-special-785"><code>special</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-st_005fnlink-546"><code>st_nlink</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-stack-trace-327">stack trace</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-standalone-path-searching-577">standalone path searching</a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-standard-error-and-debugging-output-355">standard error and debugging output</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-standard-options-613">standard options</a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-startup-time_002c-excessive-393">startup time, excessive</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-static-linking-441">static linking</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-static-linking-and-_0040code_007bdlsym_007d-425">static linking and <code>dlsym</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-string-routines-826">string routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-strip-226"><code>strip</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-stripsupplier-222"><code>stripsupplier</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-striptypeface-224"><code>striptypeface</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-subdirectory-searching-539">subdirectory searching</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-suffixes_002c-filename-738">suffixes, filename</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> <li><a href="#index-suggestions_002c-making-6">suggestions, making</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Sun-2-18">Sun 2</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sun-OpenWin-patches-433">Sun OpenWin patches</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-218">supplier directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-supported-file-formats-594">supported file formats</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-suppressing-warnings-749">suppressing warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sun-OpenWin-patches-439">Sun OpenWin patches</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-223">supplier directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-supported-file-formats-617">supported file formats</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-suppressing-warnings-775">suppressing warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-symbolic-link-trees_002c-for-multiple-architectures-129">symbolic link trees, for multiple architectures</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-symbolic-links-not-found-383">symbolic links not found</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-symbolic-links_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-553">symbolic links, and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-symlinks_002c-resolving-783">symlinks, resolving</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-system-C-compiler-bugs-405">system C compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-symbolic-links-not-found-389">symbolic links not found</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-symbolic-links_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-563">symbolic links, and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-symlinks_002c-resolving-809">symlinks, resolving</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-system-C-compiler-bugs-411">system C compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-system-dependencies-89">system dependencies</a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li> <li><a href="#index-system-V-universe-161">system V universe</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T1FONTS-696"><code>T1FONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T1INPUTS-697"><code>T1INPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T42FONTS-700"><code>T42FONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TDS-267">TDS</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-testing_002c-post_002dinstallation-248">testing, post-installation</a>: <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-T1FONTS-719"><code>T1FONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-T1INPUTS-720"><code>T1INPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-T42FONTS-723"><code>T42FONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tcfmgr_002emap-605"><code>tcfmgr.map</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TDS-274">TDS</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-testing_002c-post_002dinstallation-255">testing, post-installation</a>: <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-tests_002c-simple-39">tests, simple</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-te_0040TeX_007b_007d-302">teTeX</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-264">TeX directory structure</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-besides-Web2c-295">TeX distributions besides Web2c</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-environment-variables-597">TeX environment variables</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-failures-400">TeX failures</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-file-lookup-713">TeX file lookup</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-glyph-lookup-718">TeX glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-333">TeX help mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-te_0040TeX_007b_007d-309">teTeX</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-271">TeX directory structure</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-distributions-besides-Web2c-302">TeX distributions besides Web2c</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-environment-variables-620">TeX environment variables</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-failures-406">TeX failures</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-file-lookup-736">TeX file lookup</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-glyph-lookup-744">TeX glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-339">TeX help mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchy_002c-one-126">TeX hierarchy, one</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Live-CD_002dROM-290">TeX Live CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-support-593">TeX support</a>: <a href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Live-CD_002dROM-297">TeX Live CD-ROM</a>: <a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">CD-ROM distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-support-616">TeX support</a>: <a href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Users-Group-10">TeX Users Group</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002darchive_0040_0040math_002eutah_002eedu-331"><code>tex-archive@math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002ec-714"><code>tex-file.c</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002eh-765"><code>tex-file.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002ec-719"><code>tex-glyph.c</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002eh-766"><code>tex-glyph.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dk_002drequest_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-330"><code>tex-k-request@mail.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-_0040r_007b_0028bug-address_0029_007d-308"><code>tex-k@mail.tug.org </code><span class="roman">(bug address)</span></a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002dmake_002ec-234"><code>tex-make.c</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-750"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-472"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB-606"><code>TEXBIB</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-616"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXDOCS-681"><code>TEXDOCS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTMAPS-639"><code>TEXFONTMAPS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-626"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-729"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXFORMATS-621"><code>TEXFORMATS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINDEXSTYLE-632"><code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-630"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMF-263"><code>TEXMF</code></a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-and-variable-expansion_007d-510"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, and variable expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002darchive_0040_0040math_002eutah_002eedu-337"><code>tex-archive@math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002ec-740"><code>tex-file.c</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002eh-791"><code>tex-file.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002ec-745"><code>tex-glyph.c</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002eh-792"><code>tex-glyph.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002dk_002drequest_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-336"><code>tex-k-request@mail.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040_0040mail_002etug_002eorg-_0040r_007b_0028bug-address_0029_007d-315"><code>tex-k@mail.tug.org </code><span class="roman">(bug address)</span></a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-776"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-478"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB-629"><code>TEXBIB</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-639"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXDOCS-704"><code>TEXDOCS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTMAPS-662"><code>TEXFONTMAPS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-649"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-755"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXFORMATS-644"><code>TEXFORMATS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXINDEXSTYLE-655"><code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-653"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMF-270"><code>TEXMF</code></a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-604"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-missing_002c-warning-about-492"><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> missing, warning about</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-and-variable-expansion_007d-519"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, and variable expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-143"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, creating</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-definition-for_007d-481"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, definition for</span></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-definition-for_007d-487"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, definition for</span></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-generated_007d-82"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, generated</span></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-source-for-path_007d-478"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, source for path</span></a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-source-for-path_007d-484"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, source for path</span></a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmf_002ein-81"><code>texmf.in</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmf_002ein_0040r_007b_002c-editing_007d-66"><code>texmf.in</code><span class="roman">, editing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmf_002esed-80"><code>texmf.sed</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-612"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-483"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-637"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-544"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-603"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFLOG-372"><code>TEXMFLOG</code></a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-245"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS-684"><code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFVAR-230"><code>TEXMFVAR</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmfvar-229"><code>texmfvar</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-629"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS-670"><code>TEXPKS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPOOL-686"><code>TEXPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS-674"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES-744"><code>TEXSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXSOURCES-683"><code>TEXSOURCES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS-688"><code>TFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tilde-expansion-516">tilde expansion</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tilde_002ec-522"><code>tilde.c</code></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-time-_0040r_007bsystem-call_007d-374"><code>time </code><span class="roman">system call</span></a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup-723">tolerance for glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-635"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-489"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-660"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-554"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-626"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFLOG-378"><code>TEXMFLOG</code></a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-252"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS-707"><code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFVAR-235"><code>TEXMFVAR</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texmfvar-234"><code>texmfvar</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-652"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS-693"><code>TEXPKS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPOOL-709"><code>TEXPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS-697"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES-770"><code>TEXSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXSOURCES-706"><code>TEXSOURCES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS-711"><code>TFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tilde-expansion-525">tilde expansion</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tilde_002ec-532"><code>tilde.c</code></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-time-_0040r_007bsystem-call_007d-380"><code>time </code><span class="roman">system call</span></a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup-749">tolerance for glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li> <li><a href="#index-total-disk-space-48">total disk space</a>: <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trailing-_0040samp_007b_002f_007d-in-home-directory-520">trailing `<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>' in home directory</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trailing-colons-500">trailing colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TRFONTS-690"><code>TRFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories-532">trick for detecting leaf directories</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trojan-horse-attack-251">trojan horse attack</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TTFONTS-693"><code>TTFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tug_002eorg-271"><code>tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trailing-_0040samp_007b_002f_007d-in-home-directory-530">trailing ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ in home directory</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trailing-colons-509">trailing colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TRFONTS-713"><code>TRFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories-542">trick for detecting leaf directories</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trojan-horse-attack-258">trojan horse attack</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-try_005fstd_005fextension_005ffirst-739"><code>try_std_extension_first</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TTFONTS-716"><code>TTFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tug_002eorg-278"><code>tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> <li><a href="#index-tug_0040_0040tug_002eorg-11"><code>tug@tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-220">typeface directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-225">typeface directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ucbinclude_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-164"><code>ucbinclude</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Ultrix-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-103">Ultrix shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unable-to-find-files-379">unable to find files</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unable-to-generate-fonts-388">unable to generate fonts</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uname-313"><code>uname</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unable-to-find-files-385">unable to find files</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unable-to-generate-fonts-394">unable to generate fonts</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-uname-320"><code>uname</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> <li><a href="#index-universe_002c-BSD-vs_002e_0040_003a-system-V-159">universe, BSD vs. system V</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-UNIX_005fST_005fLINK-537"><code>UNIX_ST_LINK</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unixtex_002eftp-270"><code>unixtex.ftp</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unknown-special-warnings-760">unknown special warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unreadable-file-warnings-758">unreadable file warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unreadable-files-468">unreadable files</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-warning-558">unusable <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> warning</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-usage-patterns_002c-finding-370">usage patterns, finding</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR-231"><code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS-228"><code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Usenet-_0040TeX_007b_007d-newsgroup-335">Usenet TeX newsgroup</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-varfonts-224"><code>varfonts</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-variable-expansion-508">variable expansion</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-variable_002ec-513"><code>variable.c</code></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-variable_002eh-809"><code>variable.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VARTEXFONTS-226"><code>VARTEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-UNIX_005fST_005fLINK-547"><code>UNIX_ST_LINK</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unixtex_002eftp-277"><code>unixtex.ftp</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unknown-special-warnings-786">unknown special warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unreadable-file-warnings-784">unreadable file warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unreadable-files-474">unreadable files</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-warning-568">unusable <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> warning</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-usage-patterns_002c-finding-376">usage patterns, finding</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR-236"><code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS-233"><code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Usenet-_0040TeX_007b_007d-newsgroup-341">Usenet TeX newsgroup</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-USERPROFILE_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-528"><code>USERPROFILE</code><span class="roman">, as ~ expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-varfonts-229"><code>varfonts</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variable-expansion-517">variable expansion</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variable_002ec-522"><code>variable.c</code></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variable_002eh-835"><code>variable.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VARTEXFONTS-231"><code>VARTEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#index-VAX-11_002f750-17">VAX 11/750</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="#index-version-number_002c-of-Kpathsea-51">version number, of Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-version-numbers_002c-determining-312">version numbers, determining</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-not-found-459">VF files, not found</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VFFONTS-702"><code>VFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-version-numbers_002c-determining-319">version numbers, determining</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-not-found-465">VF files, not found</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VFFONTS-725"><code>VFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-VMS-support-46">VMS support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VMS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-298">VMS TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VMS-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-305">VMS TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Vojta_002c-Paul-21">Vojta, Paul</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Walsh_002c-Norman-24">Walsh, Norman</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warning-about-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-557">warning about unusable <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-file-access-470">warnings, file access</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-pointer-combinations-440">warnings, pointer combinations</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-748">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-wcstombs-423"><code>wcstombs</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB2C-706"><code>WEB2C</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-warning-about-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-567">warning about unusable <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-warning_002c-about-missing-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-491">warning, about missing <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-file-access-476">warnings, file access</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-pointer-combinations-446">warnings, pointer combinations</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-774">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-wcstombs-429"><code>wcstombs</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-WEB2C-729"><code>WEB2C</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf-26">Weber, Olaf</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEBINPUTS-705"><code>WEBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files-734">whitespace, in fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines-488">whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Windows-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-301">Windows TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-World-Wide-Web-CTAN-access-282">World Wide Web CTAN access</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-www_002etug_002eorg-272"><code>www.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-WEBINPUTS-728"><code>WEBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files-760">whitespace, in fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines-497">whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Windows-_0040TeX_007b_007d-implementations-308">Windows TeX implementations</a>: <a href="#Other-TeX-packages">Other TeX packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-World-Wide-Web-CTAN-access-289">World Wide Web CTAN access</a>: <a href="#Electronic-distribution">Electronic distribution</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-www_002etug_002eorg-279"><code>www.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li> <li><a href="#index-X11-previewer-61">X11 previewer</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-X11_002c-lacking-on-NeXT-55">X11, lacking on NeXT</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XCFLAGS-149"><code>XCFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XCPPFLAGS-146"><code>XCPPFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XDEFS-147"><code>XDEFS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-XDVIFONTS-709"><code>XDVIFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-XDVIMAKEPK-241"><code>XDVIMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-XDVISIZES-742"><code>XDVISIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-XDVIFONTS-732"><code>XDVIFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-XDVIMAKEPK-248"><code>XDVIMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-XDVISIZES-768"><code>XDVISIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XLDFLAGS-151"><code>XLDFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XLOADLIBES-153"><code>XLOADLIBES</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XMAKEARGS-155"><code>XMAKEARGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xmu-_0040r_007blibrary-problems_007d-432"><code>Xmu </code><span class="roman">library problems</span></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-XtStrings-418"><code>XtStrings</code></a>: <a href="#XtStrings">XtStrings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Xmu-_0040r_007blibrary-problems_007d-438"><code>Xmu </code><span class="roman">library problems</span></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-XtStrings-424"><code>XtStrings</code></a>: <a href="#XtStrings">XtStrings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-zuhn_002c-david-23">zuhn, david</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-523"><code>{ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-514"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> -</ul> -<div class="contents"> -<h2>Table of Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Kpathsea library</a> -<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#History">1.1 History</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Simple-installation">2.1 Simple installation</a> -<li><a href="#Custom-installation">2.2 Custom installation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Disk-space">2.2.1 Disk space</a> -<li><a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">2.2.2 Kpathsea application distributions</a> -<li><a href="#Changing-search-paths">2.2.3 Changing search paths</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Default-path-features">2.2.3.1 Default path features</a> -<li><a href="#Default-path-generation">2.2.3.2 Default path generation</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Running-configure">2.2.4 Running <code>configure</code></a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#configure-shells">2.2.4.1 <code>configure</code> shells</a> -<li><a href="#configure-options">2.2.4.2 <code>configure</code> options</a> -<li><a href="#configure-environment">2.2.4.3 <code>configure</code> environment</a> -<li><a href="#configure-scenarios">2.2.4.4 <code>configure</code> scenarios</a> -<li><a href="#Shared-library">2.2.4.5 Shared library</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Running-make">2.2.5 Running <code>make</code></a> -<li><a href="#Installing-files">2.2.6 Installing files</a> -<li><a href="#Cleaning-up">2.2.7 Cleaning up</a> -<li><a href="#Filename-database-generation">2.2.8 Filename database generation</a> -<li><a href="#mktex-scripts">2.2.9 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#mktex-configuration">2.2.9.1 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> configuration</a> -<li><a href="#mktex-script-names">2.2.9.2 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</a> -<li><a href="#mktex-script-arguments">2.2.9.3 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script arguments</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Installation-testing">2.2.10 Installation testing</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Security">2.3 Security</a> -<li><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">2.4 TeX directory structure</a> -<li><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">2.5 <samp><span class="file">unixtex.ftp</span></samp>: Obtaining TeX</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Electronic-distribution">2.5.1 Electronic distribution</a> -<li><a href="#CD_002dROM-distribution">2.5.2 CD-ROM distribution</a> -<li><a href="#Other-TeX-packages">2.5.3 Other TeX packages</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Reporting-bugs">2.6 Reporting bugs</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Bug-checklist">2.6.1 Bug checklist</a> -<li><a href="#Mailing-lists">2.6.2 Mailing lists</a> -<li><a href="#Debugging">2.6.3 Debugging</a> -<li><a href="#Logging">2.6.4 Logging</a> -<li><a href="#Common-problems">2.6.5 Common problems</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">2.6.5.1 Unable to find files</a> -<li><a href="#Slow-path-searching">2.6.5.2 Slow path searching</a> -<li><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">2.6.5.3 Unable to generate fonts</a> -<li><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">2.6.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing</a> -<li><a href="#Empty-Makefiles">2.6.5.5 Empty Makefiles</a> -<li><a href="#XtStrings">2.6.5.6 <code>XtStrings</code></a> -<li><a href="#dlopen">2.6.5.7 <code>dlopen</code></a> -<li><a href="#ShellWidgetClass">2.6.5.8 <code>ShellWidgetClass</code></a> -<li><a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">2.6.5.9 Pointer combination warnings</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Path-searching" href="#Path-searching">3 Path searching</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Searching-overview">3.1 Searching overview</a> -<li><a href="#Path-sources">3.2 Path sources</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Config-files">3.2.1 Config files</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Path-expansion">3.3 Path expansion</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Default-expansion">3.3.1 Default expansion</a> -<li><a href="#Variable-expansion">3.3.2 Variable expansion</a> -<li><a href="#Tilde-expansion">3.3.3 Tilde expansion</a> -<li><a href="#Brace-expansion">3.3.4 Brace expansion</a> -<li><a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">3.3.5 <code>KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</a> -<li><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">3.3.6 Subdirectory expansion</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Filename-database">3.4 Filename database (<code>ls-R</code>)</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ls_002dR">3.4.1 <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a> -<li><a href="#Filename-aliases">3.4.2 Filename aliases</a> -<li><a href="#Database-format">3.4.3 Database format</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">3.5 <code>kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Path-searching-options">3.5.1 Path searching options</a> -<li><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">3.5.2 Auxiliary tasks</a> -<li><a href="#Standard-options">3.5.3 Standard options</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_TeX-support" href="#TeX-support">4 TeX support</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Supported-file-formats">4.1 Supported file formats</a> -<li><a href="#File-lookup">4.2 File lookup</a> -<li><a href="#Glyph-lookup">4.3 Glyph lookup</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">4.3.1 Basic glyph lookup</a> -<li><a href="#Fontmap">4.3.2 Fontmap</a> -<li><a href="#Fallback-font">4.3.3 Fallback font</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">4.4 Suppressing warnings</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Programming" href="#Programming">5 Programming</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Programming-overview">5.1 Programming overview</a> -<li><a href="#Calling-sequence">5.2 Calling sequence</a> -<li><a href="#Program_002dspecific-files">5.3 Program-specific files</a> -<li><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">5.4 Programming with config files</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a> -</li></ul> -</div> - -</body></html> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-533"><code>{ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-523"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li> + </ul></body></html> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf Binary files differindex 90b0f72fe34..14fb80d6e12 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html index 3e227d9a42f..abf2bb1c6e0 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.html @@ -1,31 +1,35 @@ <html lang="en"> <head> -<title>GNU Info 4.7</title> +<title>GNU Info 4.12</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> -<meta name="description" content="GNU Info 4.7"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7"> +<meta name="description" content="GNU Info 4.12"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- -This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.7, 23 March 2004), +This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.12, 5 March 2008), a program for viewing documents in Info format (usually created from Texinfo source files). Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, -2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled - "GNU Free Documentation License." + "GNU Free Documentation License' in the Texinfo manual. - (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." - --> + (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy + and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports + it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." + +This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free +Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document +separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the +license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.--> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <style type="text/css"><!-- pre.display { font-family:inherit } @@ -34,12 +38,13 @@ Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } - span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } - span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } + span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } + span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } + span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } --></style> </head> <body> -<h1 class="settitle">GNU Info 4.7</h1> +<h1 class="settitle">GNU Info 4.12</h1> <div class="contents"> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> <ul> @@ -66,17 +71,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, <li><a name="toc_Variables" href="#Variables">11 Manipulating Variables</a> <li><a name="toc_Custom-Key-Bindings" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">12 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Invoking-infokey">12.1 Invoking <span class="command">infokey</span></a> -<li><a href="#infokey-source-format">12.2 <span class="command">infokey</span> source format</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Copying-This-Manual" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Appendix A Copying This Manual</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a> -</li></ul> +<li><a href="#Invoking-infokey">12.1 Invoking <samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp></a> +<li><a href="#infokey-source-format">12.2 <samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp> source format</a> </li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Appendix B Index</a> +<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Appendix A Index</a> </li></ul> </div> @@ -84,38 +82,19 @@ Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Top"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>, +<a name="Top"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="unnumbered">GNU Info</h2> -<p>This manual is for GNU Info (version 4.7, 23 March 2004), -a program for viewing documents in Info format (usually created from -Texinfo source files). - - <p>Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, -2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - <blockquote> -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no -Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being “A GNU Manual,” -and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the -license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation -License.” - - <p>(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and modify -this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free -Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.” -</blockquote> - - <p>This documentation is different from the documentation for the Info -reader that is part of GNU Emacs. If you do not know how to use Info, -but have a working Info reader, you should read the Emacs documentation -first, as it includes more background information and a thorough tutorial. +<p>If you do not know how to use Info, but have a working Info reader, +you should read the Info manual before this one (see <a href="info.html#Top">Getting Started</a>), as it includes more background information and +a thorough tutorial. This documentation describes the standalone Info +reader that is part of the Texinfo distribution, not the Info reader +that is part of GNU Emacs. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>: What is Info? @@ -130,36 +109,47 @@ first, as it includes more background information and a thorough tutorial. <li><a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>: A few commands that defy categories. <li><a href="#Variables">Variables</a>: How to change the default behavior of Info. <li><a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>: How to define your own key-to-command bindings. -<li><a href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>: The GNU Free Documentation License. -<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: Global index containing keystrokes, - command names, variable names, - and general concepts. +<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: Global index with keystrokes, command names, + variable names, and general concepts. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="What-is-Info"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a>, +<a name="What-is-Info"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">1 What is Info?</h2> -<p><dfn>Info</dfn> is a program which is used to view Info files on an ASCII -terminal. <dfn>Info files</dfn> are the result of processing Texinfo files -with the program <code>makeinfo</code> or with one of the Emacs commands, such -as <code>M-x texinfo-format-buffer</code>. Texinfo itself is a documentation -system that uses a single source file to produce both on-line -information and printed output. You can typeset and print the files -that you read in Info. +<p>The <dfn>Info</dfn> program is a standalone program, part of the Texinfo +distribution, which is used to view Info files on an ASCII terminal. +<dfn>Info files</dfn> are typically the result of processing Texinfo files +with the program <code>makeinfo</code> (also in the Texinfo distribution) + + <p>Texinfo itself is a documentation system that uses a single source +file to produce both on-line information and printed output. You can +typeset and print the files that you read in Info. + + <p>GNU Emacs also provides an Info reader (just type <kbd>M-x info</kbd> in +Emacs). Emacs Info and standalone Info have nearly identical user +interfaces, although customization and other details are different +(this manual explains the standalone Info reader). The Emacs Info +reader supports the X Window System and other such bitmapped +interfaces, not just plain ASCII, so if you want the prettiest +display for Info files, you should try it. You can use Emacs Info +without using Emacs for anything else. (Type <kbd>C-x C-c</kbd> to exit; +this also works in the standalone Info reader.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Invoking-Info"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>, +<a name="Invoking-Info"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#What-is-Info">What is Info</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">2 Invoking Info</h2> @@ -174,13 +164,12 @@ is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell: <p>The program accepts the following options: <dl> -<a name="_002d_002dapropos"></a> -<dt><code>--apropos=</code><var>string</var><dd><a name="index-Searching-all-indices-6"></a><a name="index-Info-files_0040r_007b_002c-searching-all-indices_007d-7"></a><a name="index-Apropos_0040r_007b_002c-in-Info-files_007d-8"></a>Specify a string to search in every index of every Info file installed -on your system. Info looks up the named <var>string</var> in all the indices -it can find, prints the results to standard output, and then exits. If -you are not sure which Info file explains certain issues, this option is -your friend. Note that if your system has a lot of Info files -installed, searching all of them might take some time. +<a name="g_t_002d_002dapropos"></a><dt><code>--apropos=</code><var>string</var><dt><code>-k </code><var>string</var><dd><a name="index-Searching-all-indices-6"></a><a name="index-Info-files_0040r_007b_002c-searching-all-indices_007d-7"></a><a name="index-Apropos_0040r_007b_002c-in-Info-files_007d-8"></a>Specify a string to search in every index of every Info file installed +on your system. Info looks up the named <var>string</var> in all the +indices it can find, prints the results to standard output, and then +exits. If you are not sure which Info file explains certain issues, +this option is your friend. (If your system has a lot of Info files +installed, searching all of them might take some time!) <p>You can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>. @@ -201,20 +190,20 @@ build-time default to the value of <code>INFOPATH</code>. <p><a name="index-keystrokes_002c-recording-10"></a><a name="index-remembering-user-keystrokes-11"></a><br><dt><code>--dribble=</code><var>dribble-file</var><dd>Specify a file where all user keystrokes will be recorded. This file can be used later to replay the same sequence of commands, see the -<span class="samp">--restore</span> option below. +‘<samp><span class="samp">--restore</span></samp>’ option below. <br><dt><code>--file </code><var>filename</var><dt><code>-f </code><var>filename</var><dd><a name="index-Info-file_002c-selecting-12"></a>Specify a particular Info file to visit. By default, Info visits the file <code>dir</code>; if you use this option, Info will start with <code>(</code><var>filename</var><code>)Top</code> as the first file and node. - <p><a name="index-relative-Info-file-names-13"></a><a name="index-file-names_002c-relative-14"></a><a name="index-Info-files_002c-relative-15"></a>If <var>filename</var> is an absolute file name, or begins with <span class="file">./</span> or -<span class="file">../</span>, Info looks for <var>filename</var> only in the directory of the + <p><a name="index-relative-Info-file-names-13"></a><a name="index-file-names_002c-relative-14"></a><a name="index-Info-files_002c-relative-15"></a>If <var>filename</var> is an absolute file name, or begins with <samp><span class="file">./</span></samp> or +<samp><span class="file">../</span></samp>, Info looks for <var>filename</var> only in the directory of the specified <var>filename</var>, and adds the directory of <var>filename</var> to the value of <code>INFOPATH</code>. In contrast, if <var>filename</var> is in the -form of a relative file name, but without the <span class="file">./</span> or <span class="file">../</span> +form of a relative file name, but without the <samp><span class="file">./</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">../</span></samp> prefix, Info will only look for it in the directories specified in <code>INFOPATH</code>. In other words, Info does <em>not</em> treat file names -which lack <span class="file">./</span> and <span class="file">../</span> prefix as relative to the current +which lack <samp><span class="file">./</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">../</span></samp> prefix as relative to the current directory. <p><a name="index-compressed-Info-files-16"></a><a name="index-files_002c-compressed-17"></a><a name="index-Info-files_002c-compressed-18"></a>In every directory Info tries, if <var>filename</var> is not found, Info @@ -224,8 +213,8 @@ isn't found. Info supports files compressed with <code>gzip</code>, <code>bzip2</code>, <code>compress</code> and <code>yabba</code> programs; it calls <code>gunzip</code>, <code>bunzip2</code>, <code>uncompress</code> and <code>unyabba</code>, accordingly, to decompress such files. Compressed Info files are -assumed to have <span class="file">.z</span>, <span class="file">.gz</span>, <span class="file">.bz2</span>, <span class="file">.Z</span>, or -<span class="file">.Y</span> extensions, possibly in addition to one of the known Info +assumed to have <samp><span class="file">.z</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.bz2</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.Z</span></samp>, or +<samp><span class="file">.Y</span></samp> extensions, possibly in addition to one of the known Info files extensions<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-2" name="fnd-2"><sup>2</sup></a>. <br><dt><code>--help</code><dt><code>-h</code><dd>Produces a relatively brief description of the available Info options. @@ -234,8 +223,8 @@ files extensions<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-2" name="fnd-2"><sup>2</sup></a>. file and search for index entries which match <var>string</var>. If such an entry is found, the Info session begins with displaying the node pointed to by the first matching index entry; press <kbd>,</kbd> to step through the -rest of the matching entries. If no such entry exists, print <span class="samp">no -entries found</span> and exit with nonzero status. This can be used from +rest of the matching entries. If no such entry exists, print ‘<samp><span class="samp">no +entries found</span></samp>’ and exit with nonzero status. This can be used from another program as a way to provide online help, or as a quick way of starting to read an Info file at a certain node when you don't know the exact name of that node. @@ -262,12 +251,11 @@ through directly to the terminal. If your terminal does not support these escapes, use <code>--no-raw-escapes</code> to make Info remove them. <p><a name="index-replaying-recorded-keystrokes-26"></a><br><dt><code>--restore=</code><var>dribble-file</var><dd>Read keystrokes from <var>dribble-file</var>, presumably recorded during -previous Info session (see the description of the <span class="samp">--dribble</span> +previous Info session (see the description of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--dribble</span></samp>’ option above). When the keystrokes in the files are all read, Info reverts its input to the usual interactive operation. - <p><a name="_002d_002dshow_002doptions"></a> -<a name="index-command_002dline-options_002c-how-to-find-27"></a><a name="index-invocation-description_002c-how-to-find-28"></a><br><dt><code>--show-options</code><dt><code>--usage</code><dt><code>-O</code><dd>This option causes Info to look for the node that describes how to + <p><a name="g_t_002d_002dshow_002doptions"></a><a name="index-command_002dline-options_002c-how-to-find-27"></a><a name="index-invocation-description_002c-how-to-find-28"></a><br><dt><code>--show-options</code><dt><code>--usage</code><dt><code>-O</code><dd>This option causes Info to look for the node that describes how to invoke the program and its command-line options, and begin the session by displaying that node. It is provided to make it easier to find the most important usage information in a manual without the need to wade @@ -281,7 +269,7 @@ to the video memory on these systems, for faster operation and colored display support.) This allows the speech synthesizers used by blind persons to catch the output and convert it to audible speech. - <br><dt><code>--subnodes</code><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007b_002d_002dsubnodes_007d_002c-command-line-option-30"></a>This option only has meaning when given in conjunction with + <br><dt><code>--subnodes</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002d_002dsubnodes_007d_002c-command-line-option-30"></a>This option only has meaning when given in conjunction with <code>--output</code>. It means to recursively output the nodes appearing in the menus of each node being output. Menu items which resolve to external Info files are not output, and neither are menu items which are @@ -289,8 +277,7 @@ members of an index. Each node is only output once. <br><dt><code>--version</code><dd><a name="index-version-information-31"></a>Prints the version information of Info and exits. - <p><a name="_002d_002dvi_002dkeys"></a> -<a name="index-vi_002dlike-key-bindings-32"></a><a name="index-Less_002dlike-key-bindings-33"></a><br><dt><code>--vi-keys</code><dd>This option binds functions to keys differently, to emulate the key + <p><a name="g_t_002d_002dvi_002dkeys"></a><a name="index-vi_002dlike-key-bindings-32"></a><a name="index-Less_002dlike-key-bindings-33"></a><br><dt><code>--vi-keys</code><dd>This option binds functions to keys differently, to emulate the key bindings of <code>vi</code> and Less. The default key bindings are generally modeled after Emacs. (See <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, @@ -299,37 +286,41 @@ for a more general way of altering GNU Info's key bindings.) <p><a name="index-Info-manual-location-34"></a><a name="index-Where-is-an-Info-manual_003f-35"></a><br><dt><code>--where</code><dt><code>--location</code><dt><code>-w</code><dd>Show the filename that would be read and exit, instead of actually reading it and starting Info. - <br><dt><var>menu-item</var><dd><a name="index-menu_002c-following-36"></a><a name="command_002dline-menu-items"></a> -Info treats its remaining arguments as the names of menu items. The + <br><dt><var>menu-item</var><dd><a name="index-menu_002c-following-36"></a><a name="command_002dline-menu-items"></a>Info treats its remaining arguments as the names of menu items. The first argument is a menu item in the initial node visited (generally <code>dir</code>), the second argument is a menu item in the first argument's node, etc. You can easily move to the node of your choice by specifying the menu names which describe the path to that node. For example, <pre class="example"> info emacs buffers - </pre> - <p class="noindent">first selects the menu item <span class="samp">Emacs</span> in the node <span class="samp">(dir)Top</span>, -and then selects the menu item <span class="samp">Buffers</span> in the node -<span class="samp">(emacs)Top</span>. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">first selects the menu item ‘<samp><span class="samp">Emacs</span></samp>’ in the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)Top</span></samp>’, +and then selects the menu item ‘<samp><span class="samp">Buffers</span></samp>’ in the node +‘<samp><span class="samp">(emacs)Top</span></samp>’. </dl> - <p>To avoid searching the <span class="file">dir</span> files and just show some arbitrary -file, use <span class="samp">-f</span> and the filename, as in <span class="samp">info -f ./foo.info</span>. + <p>To avoid searching the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> files and just show some arbitrary +file, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>’ and the filename, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">info -f ./foo.info</span></samp>’. <p>The index search and the search for the node which describes program invocation and command-line options begins <em>after</em> processing all the command-line menu items. Therefore, the Info file searched for the index or the invocation node is the file where Info finds itself after following all the menu items given on the command line. This is so -<span class="samp">info emacs --show-options</span> does what you'd expect. +‘<samp><span class="samp">info emacs --show-options</span></samp>’ does what you'd expect. + + <p>Finally, Info defines many default key bindings and variables. +See <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, for information on how to customize these +settings. <!-- FIXME: the feature with lowercasing the file name isn't documented --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Cursor-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a>, +<a name="Cursor-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">3 Moving the Cursor</h2> @@ -341,7 +332,7 @@ some kind of pointing device. Since this is the case, GNU Info (both the Emacs and standalone versions) have several commands which allow you to move the cursor about the screen. The notation used in this manual to describe keystrokes is identical to the notation used within -the Emacs manual, and the GNU Readline manual. See <a href="emacs.html#User-Input">User Input (the GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, if you are unfamiliar with the +the Emacs manual, and the GNU Readline manual. See <a href="emacs.html#User-Input">User Input</a>, if you are unfamiliar with the notation.<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-4" name="fnd-4"><sup>4</sup></a> <p>The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info. @@ -385,10 +376,11 @@ moves the cursor to the start of the <var>n</var>th line in the window. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Scrolling-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a>, +<a name="Scrolling-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">4 Moving Text Within a Window</h2> @@ -399,9 +391,11 @@ current paragraph you are reading is visible on the screen. The commands detailed in this section are used to shift which part of the current node is visible on the screen. - <p>Scrolling commands are bound differently when <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> operation -is in effect (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>). These key bindings are designated -with “vi-like operation”. + <p>Scrolling commands are bound differently when ‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’ +operation is in effect (see <a href="#g_t_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>). These key bindings are +designated with “vi-like operation”. See <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, +for information on arbitrarily customizing key bindings and variable +settings. <dl> <dt><SPC> (<code>scroll-forward</code>)<dd><a name="index-SPC_002c-in-Info-windows-75"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dforward-76"></a>Shift the text in this window up. That is, show more of the node which @@ -417,7 +411,7 @@ read an entire manual from start to finish by repeating <SPC>. <p>The default scroll size is one screen-full, but it can be changed by invoking the (<code>scroll-forward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, -<span class="samp">z</span> under <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span>, with a numeric argument. +‘<samp><span class="samp">z</span></samp>’ under ‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’, with a numeric argument. <br><dt><NEXT> (an arrow key) (<code>scroll-forward-page-only</code>)<dt><C-v><dt><C-f>, vi-like operation<dt><f>, vi-like operation<dt><M-SPC>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-NEXT-77"></a><a name="index-C_002dv-78"></a><a name="index-C_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-79"></a><a name="index-f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-80"></a><a name="index-M_002dSPC_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-81"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly-82"></a>Shift the text in this window up. This is identical to the <SPC> operation above, except that it never scrolls beyond the end of the @@ -437,13 +431,13 @@ If you are at the start of a node, <DEL> takes you to the “previous” node, so that you can read an entire manual from finish to start by repeating <DEL>. The default scroll size can be changed by invoking the (<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, -<span class="samp">w</span> under <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span>, with a numeric argument. +‘<samp><span class="samp">w</span></samp>’ under ‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’, with a numeric argument. <dt><PREVIOUS> (arrow key) (<code>scroll-backward-page-only</code>)<dt><PRIOR> (arrow key)<dt><M-v><dt><b>, vi-like operation<dt><C-b>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-PREVIOUS-88"></a><a name="index-M_002dv-89"></a><a name="index-b_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-90"></a><a name="index-C_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-91"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly-92"></a>Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of <code>scroll-forward-page-only</code>. Does not scroll beyond the start of the current node. The default scroll size can be changed by invoking -the(<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, <span class="samp">w</span> under -<span class="samp">--vi-keys</span>, with a numeric argument. +the(<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>) command, ‘<samp><span class="samp">w</span></samp>’ under +‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’, with a numeric argument. <br><dt><w> (<code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code>, vi-like operation)<dd><a name="index-w_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-93"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-94"></a>Scroll backward, like with <PREVIOUS>, but if a numeric argument is specified, it becomes the default scroll size for subsequent @@ -457,12 +451,12 @@ many lines. <br><dt><d> (<code>scroll-half-screen-down</code>, vi-like operation)<dt><C-d>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-d_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-108"></a><a name="index-C_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-109"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002ddown-110"></a>Scroll forward by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument, scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes the new -default number of lines to scroll for subsequent <span class="samp">d</span> and <span class="samp">u</span> +default number of lines to scroll for subsequent ‘<samp><span class="samp">d</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">u</span></samp>’ commands. <br><dt><u> (<code>scroll-half-screen-up</code>, vi-like operation)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-111"></a><a name="index-C_002du_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-112"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002dup-113"></a>Scroll back by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument, scroll that many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes the new -default number of lines to scroll for subsequent <span class="samp">u</span> and <span class="samp">d</span> +default number of lines to scroll for subsequent ‘<samp><span class="samp">u</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">d</span></samp>’ commands. </dl> @@ -470,7 +464,7 @@ commands. move forward and backward through the node structure of the file. If you press <SPC> while viewing the end of a node, or <DEL> while viewing the beginning of a node, what happens is controlled by the -variable <code>scroll-behavior</code>. See <a href="#Variables"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>, for more information. +variable <code>scroll-behavior</code> (see <a href="#scroll_002dbehavior">scroll-behavior</a>). <p>The <code>scroll-forward-page-only</code> and <code>scroll-backward-page-only</code> commands never scroll beyond the current node. @@ -481,34 +475,35 @@ refers to it by the name <PRIOR>. When you use <PRIOR> or current node. <p><a name="index-BS-_0028backspace_0029-116"></a>If your keyboard lacks the <DEL> key, look for a key called -<BS>, or <span class="samp">BackSpace</span>, sometimes designated with an arrow which +<BS>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">BackSpace</span></samp>’, sometimes designated with an arrow which points to the left, which should perform the same function. <dl> <dt><C-l> (<code>redraw-display</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dl-117"></a><a name="index-redraw_002ddisplay-118"></a>Redraw the display from scratch, or shift the line containing the cursor -to a specified location. With no numeric argument, <span class="samp">C-l</span> clears +to a specified location. With no numeric argument, ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-l</span></samp>’ clears the screen, and then redraws its entire contents. Given a numeric argument of <var>n</var>, the line containing the cursor is shifted so that it is on the <var>n</var>th line of the window. <br><dt><kbd>C-x <w></kbd> (<code>toggle-wrap</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dw-119"></a><a name="index-toggle_002dwrap-120"></a>Toggles the state of line wrapping in the current window. Normally, lines which are longer than the screen width <dfn>wrap</dfn>, i.e., they are -continued on the next line. Lines which wrap have a <span class="samp">\</span> appearing +continued on the next line. Lines which wrap have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ appearing in the rightmost column of the screen. You can cause such lines to be terminated at the rightmost column by changing the state of line wrapping in the window with <code>C-x w</code>. When a line which needs more -space than one screen width to display is displayed, a <span class="samp">$</span> appears +space than one screen width to display is displayed, a ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ appears in the rightmost column of the screen, and the remainder of the line is invisible. When long lines are truncated, the modeline displays the -<span class="samp">$</span> character near its left edge. +‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ character near its left edge. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Node-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>, +<a name="Node-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">5 Selecting a Node</h2> @@ -517,9 +512,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> This section details the numerous Info commands which select a new node to view in the current window. - <p>The most basic node commands are <span class="samp">n</span>, <span class="samp">p</span>, <span class="samp">u</span>, and -<span class="samp">l</span>. Note that the commands to select nodes are mapped differently -when <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> is in effect; these keybindings are designated + <p>The most basic node commands are ‘<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">u</span></samp>’, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">l</span></samp>’. Note that the commands to select nodes are mapped differently +when ‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’ is in effect; these keybindings are designated below as “vi-like operation”. <p>When you are viewing a node, the top line of the node contains some Info @@ -542,64 +537,62 @@ keyboards. </dl> <p>You can easily select a node that you have already viewed in this window -by using the <span class="samp">l</span> command – this name stands for "last", and +by using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">l</span></samp>’ command—this name stands for “last”, and actually moves backwards through the history of visited nodes for this window. This is handy when you followed a reference to another node, possibly to read about a related issue, and would like then to resume reading at the same place where you started the excursion. - <p>Each node where you press <span class="samp">l</span> is discarded from the history. Thus, + <p>Each node where you press ‘<samp><span class="samp">l</span></samp>’ is discarded from the history. Thus, by the time you get to the first node you visited in a window, the entire history of that window is discarded. <dl> -<dt><l> (<code>history-node</code>)<dt><C-<CENTER>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt><'>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-l-135"></a><a name="index-C_002dCENTER-136"></a><a name="index-_0027_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-137"></a><a name="index-history_002dnode-138"></a>Pop the most recently selected node in this window from the node +<dt><l> (<code>history-node</code>)<dt><C-<CENTER>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt><'>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-l-135"></a><a name="index-C_002dCENTER-136"></a><a name="index-g_t_0027_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-137"></a><a name="index-history_002dnode-138"></a>Pop the most recently selected node in this window from the node history. </dl> <p>Two additional commands make it easy to select the most commonly -selected nodes; they are <span class="samp">t</span> and <span class="samp">d</span>. +selected nodes; they are ‘<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">d</span></samp>’. <dl> -<dt><t> (<code>top-node</code>)<dt><M-t>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-t-139"></a><a name="index-M_002dt_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-140"></a><a name="index-top_002dnode-141"></a>Select the node <span class="samp">Top</span> in the current Info file. +<dt><t> (<code>top-node</code>)<dt><M-t>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-t-139"></a><a name="index-M_002dt_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-140"></a><a name="index-top_002dnode-141"></a>Select the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ in the current Info file. - <br><dt><d> (<code>dir-node</code>)<dt><M-d>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-d-142"></a><a name="index-M_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-143"></a><a name="index-dir_002dnode-144"></a>Select the directory node (i.e., the node <span class="samp">(dir)</span>). + <br><dt><d> (<code>dir-node</code>)<dt><M-d>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-d-142"></a><a name="index-M_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-143"></a><a name="index-dir_002dnode-144"></a>Select the directory node (i.e., the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’). </dl> <p>Here are some other commands which immediately result in the selection of a different node in the current window: <dl> -<dt><<> (<code>first-node</code>)<dt><g>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-_003c-145"></a><a name="index-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-146"></a><a name="index-first_002dnode-147"></a>Selects the first node which appears in this file. This node is most -often <span class="samp">Top</span>, but it does not have to be. With a numeric argument +<dt><<> (<code>first-node</code>)<dt><g>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g_t_003c-145"></a><a name="index-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-146"></a><a name="index-first_002dnode-147"></a>Selects the first node which appears in this file. This node is most +often ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’, but it does not have to be. With a numeric argument <var>N</var>, select the <var>N</var>th node (the first node is node 1). An argument of zero is the same as the argument of 1. - <br><dt><>> (<code>last-node</code>)<dt><G>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-_003e-148"></a><a name="index-G_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-149"></a><a name="index-last_002dnode-150"></a>Select the last node which appears in this file. With a numeric argument + <br><dt><>> (<code>last-node</code>)<dt><G>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g_t_003e-148"></a><a name="index-G_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-149"></a><a name="index-last_002dnode-150"></a>Select the last node which appears in this file. With a numeric argument <var>N</var>, select the <var>N</var>th node (the first node is node 1). An argument of zero is the same as no argument, i.e., it selects the last node. - <br><dt><]> (<code>global-next-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-_005d-151"></a><a name="index-global_002dnext_002dnode-152"></a>Move forward or down through node structure. If the node that you are -currently viewing has a <span class="samp">Next</span> pointer, that node is selected. + <br><dt><]> (<code>global-next-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-g_t_005d-151"></a><a name="index-global_002dnext_002dnode-152"></a>Move forward or down through node structure. If the node that you are +currently viewing has a ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ pointer, that node is selected. Otherwise, if this node has a menu, the first menu item is selected. If -there is no <span class="samp">Next</span> and no menu, the same process is tried with the -<span class="samp">Up</span> node of this node. +there is no ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ and no menu, the same process is tried with the +‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ node of this node. - <br><dt><[> (<code>global-prev-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-_005b-153"></a><a name="index-global_002dprev_002dnode-154"></a>Move backward or up through node structure. If the node that you are -currently viewing has a <span class="samp">Prev</span> pointer, that node is selected. -Otherwise, if the node has an <span class="samp">Up</span> pointer, that node is selected, + <br><dt><[> (<code>global-prev-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-g_t_005b-153"></a><a name="index-global_002dprev_002dnode-154"></a>Move backward or up through node structure. If the node that you are +currently viewing has a ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’ pointer, that node is selected. +Otherwise, if the node has an ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ pointer, that node is selected, and if it has a menu, the last item in the menu is selected. </dl> <p>You can get the same behavior as <code>global-next-node</code> and <code>global-prev-node</code> while simply scrolling through the file with -<SPC> and <DEL>; See <a href="#Variables"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>, for -more information. +<SPC> and <DEL> (see <a href="#scroll_002dbehavior">scroll-behavior</a>). <dl> -<a name="goto_002dnode"></a> -<dt><g> (<code>goto-node</code>)<dt><kbd>C-x <g></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g-155"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-156"></a><a name="index-goto_002dnode-157"></a>Read the name of a node and select it. While reading the node name, +<a name="goto_002dnode"></a><dt><g> (<code>goto-node</code>)<dt><kbd>C-x <g></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g-155"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-156"></a><a name="index-goto_002dnode-157"></a>Read the name of a node and select it. While reading the node name, completion (see <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>) is only done for the nodes which reside in one of the Info files that were loaded in the current Info session; if the desired node resides in some other file, @@ -607,42 +600,41 @@ you must type the node exactly as it appears in that Info file, and you must include the Info file of the other file. For example, <pre class="example"> <code>g(emacs)Buffers</code> - </pre> - <p>finds the node <span class="samp">Buffers</span> in the Info file <span class="file">emacs</span>. +</pre> + <p>finds the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Buffers</span></samp>’ in the Info file <samp><span class="file">emacs</span></samp>. - <p><a name="goto_002dinvocation"></a> -<br><dt><O> (<code>goto-invocation</code><dt><I><dd><a name="index-O-158"></a><a name="index-I-159"></a><a name="index-goto_002dinvocation-160"></a><a name="index-finding-the-Invocation-node-161"></a>Read the name of a program and look for a node in the current Info file + <p><a name="goto_002dinvocation"></a><br><dt><O> (<code>goto-invocation</code><dt><I><dd><a name="index-O-158"></a><a name="index-I-159"></a><a name="index-goto_002dinvocation-160"></a><a name="index-finding-the-Invocation-node-161"></a>Read the name of a program and look for a node in the current Info file which describes the invocation and the command-line options for that program. The default program name is derived from the name of the current Info file. This command does the same as the -<span class="samp">--show-options</span> command-line option (see <a href="#_002d_002dshow_002doptions">–show-options</a>), but +‘<samp><span class="samp">--show-options</span></samp>’ command-line option (see <a href="#g_t_002d_002dshow_002doptions">–show-options</a>), but it also allows to specify the program name; this is important for those manuals which describe several programs. <p>If you need to find the Invocation node of a program that is documented in another Info file, you need to visit that file before invoking -<span class="samp">I</span>. For example, if you are reading the Emacs manual and want to +‘<samp><span class="samp">I</span></samp>’. For example, if you are reading the Emacs manual and want to see the command-line options of the <code>makeinfo</code> program, type <kbd>g (texinfo) <RET></kbd> and then <kbd>I makeinfo <RET></kbd>. If you don't -know what Info file documents the command, or if invoking <span class="samp">I</span> -doesn't display the right node, go to the <span class="samp">(dir)</span> node (using the -<span class="samp">d</span> command) and invoke <span class="samp">I</span> from there. +know what Info file documents the command, or if invoking ‘<samp><span class="samp">I</span></samp>’ +doesn't display the right node, go to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’ node (using the +‘<samp><span class="samp">d</span></samp>’ command) and invoke ‘<samp><span class="samp">I</span></samp>’ from there. <br><dt><G> (<code>menu-sequence</code>)<dd><a name="index-G-162"></a><a name="index-menu_002dsequence-163"></a><a name="index-menu_002c-following_002c-from-inside-Info-164"></a>Read a sequence of menu entries and follow it. Info prompts for a sequence of menu items separated by commas. (Since commas are not allowed in a node name, they are a natural choice for a delimiter in a list of menu items.) Info then looks up the first item in the menu of -the node <span class="samp">(dir)</span> (if the <span class="samp">(dir)</span> node cannot be found, Info -uses <span class="samp">Top</span>). If such an entry is found, Info goes to the node it +the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’ (if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’ node cannot be found, Info +uses ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’). If such an entry is found, Info goes to the node it points to and looks up the second item in the menu of that node, etc. In other words, you can specify a complete path which descends through the menu hierarchy of a particular Info file starting at the -<span class="samp">(dir)</span> node. This has the same effect as if you typed the menu +‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’ node. This has the same effect as if you typed the menu item sequence on Info's command line, see <a href="#command_002dline-menu-items">Info command-line arguments processing</a>. For example, <pre class="example"> <kbd>G Texinfo,Overview,Reporting Bugs <RET></kbd> - </pre> - <p class="noindent">displays the node <span class="samp">Reporting Bugs</span> in the Texinfo manual. (You +</pre> + <p class="noindent">displays the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Reporting Bugs</span></samp>’ in the Texinfo manual. (You don't actually need to type the menu items in their full length, or in their exact letter-case. However, if you do type the menu items exactly, Info will find it faster.) @@ -658,25 +650,26 @@ the window which contained the killed node. <br><dt><kbd>C-x C-f</kbd> (<code>view-file</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002df-167"></a><a name="index-view_002dfile-168"></a>Read the name of a file and selects the entire file. The command <pre class="example"> <code>C-x C-f </code><var>filename</var> - </pre> +</pre> <p>is equivalent to typing <pre class="example"> <code>g(</code><var>filename</var><code>)*</code> - </pre> +</pre> <br><dt><kbd>C-x C-b</kbd> (<code>list-visited-nodes</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002db-169"></a><a name="index-list_002dvisited_002dnodes-170"></a>Make a window containing a menu of all of the currently visited nodes. This window becomes the selected window, and you may use the standard Info commands within it. <br><dt><kbd>C-x <b></kbd> (<code>select-visited-node</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-b-171"></a><a name="index-select_002dvisited_002dnode-172"></a>Select a node which has been previously visited in a visible window. -This is similar to <span class="samp">C-x C-b</span> followed by <span class="samp">m</span>, but no window is +This is similar to ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-x C-b</span></samp>’ followed by ‘<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>’, but no window is created. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Searching-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a>, +<a name="Searching-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">6 Searching an Info File</h2> @@ -687,100 +680,106 @@ entire Info file, search through the indices of an Info file, or find areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic. <dl> -<dt><s> (<code>search</code>)<dt></><dd><a name="index-s-174"></a><a name="index-_002f-175"></a><a name="index-search-176"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search for it. If the string -includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched -case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a -numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th occurrence of the -string. Negative arguments search backwards. +<dt><s> (<code>search</code>)<dt></><dd><a name="index-s-174"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f-175"></a><a name="index-search-176"></a><a name="index-regular-expression-search-177"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search for it, either as a regular +expression (by default) or a literal string. If the string includes +upper-case characters, the Info file is searched case-sensitively; +otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a numeric argument of +<var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th occurrence of the string. Negative +arguments search backwards. - <br><dt><?> (<code>search-backward</code>, vi-like operation)<dd><a name="index-_003f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-177"></a><a name="index-search_002dbackward-178"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search backward through the Info file + <br><dt><?> (<code>search-backward</code>, vi-like operation)<dd><a name="index-g_t_003f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-178"></a><a name="index-search_002dbackward-179"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search backward through the Info file for that string. If the string includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search forward. - <br><dt><S> (<code>search-case-sensitively</code><dd><a name="index-S-179"></a><a name="index-search_002dcase_002dsensitively-180"></a><a name="index-search_002c-case_002dsensitive-181"></a><a name="index-case_002dsensitive-search-182"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively, even + <br><dt><R> (<code>toggle-regexp</code>)<dd><a name="index-R-180"></a><a name="index-toggle_002dregexp-181"></a>Toggle between using regular expressions and literal strings for +searching. Info uses so-called `extended' regular expression syntax, +similar to Emacs (see <a href="emacs.html#Regexps">Using Regular Expressions</a>). + + <br><dt><S> (<code>search-case-sensitively</code><dd><a name="index-S-182"></a><a name="index-search_002dcase_002dsensitively-183"></a><a name="index-search_002c-case_002dsensitive-184"></a><a name="index-case_002dsensitive-search-185"></a>Read a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively, even if the string includes only lower-case letters. With a numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search backwards. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <n></kbd> (<code>search-next</code>)<dt><n>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-n-183"></a><a name="index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-184"></a><a name="index-search_002dnext-185"></a><a name="index-repeated-search-186"></a>Search for the same string used in the last search command, in the same + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <n></kbd> (<code>search-next</code>)<dt><n>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-n-186"></a><a name="index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-187"></a><a name="index-search_002dnext-188"></a><a name="index-repeated-search-189"></a>Search for the same string used in the last search command, in the same direction, and with the same case-sensitivity option. With a numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th next occurrence. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <N></kbd> (<code>search-previous</code>)<dt><N>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-N-187"></a><a name="index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-188"></a><a name="index-search_002dprevious-189"></a>Search for the same string used in the last search command, and with the + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <N></kbd> (<code>search-previous</code>)<dt><N>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-N-190"></a><a name="index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-191"></a><a name="index-search_002dprevious-192"></a>Search for the same string used in the last search command, and with the same case-sensitivity option, but in the reverse direction. With a numeric argument of <var>N</var>, search for <var>N</var>th previous occurrence. - <br><dt><C-s> (<code>isearch-forward</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002ds-190"></a><a name="index-isearch_002dforward-191"></a><a name="index-incremental-search-192"></a>Interactively search forward through the Info file for a string as you + <br><dt><C-s> (<code>isearch-forward</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002ds-193"></a><a name="index-isearch_002dforward-194"></a><a name="index-incremental-search-195"></a>Interactively search forward through the Info file for a string as you type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the search is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. - <br><dt><C-r> (<code>isearch-backward</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dr-193"></a><a name="index-isearch_002dbackward-194"></a>Interactively search backward through the Info file for a string as + <br><dt><C-r> (<code>isearch-backward</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dr-196"></a><a name="index-isearch_002dbackward-197"></a>Interactively search backward through the Info file for a string as you type it. If the string includes upper-case characters, the search is case-sensitive; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. - <br><dt><i> (<code>index-search</code>)<dd><a name="index-i-195"></a><a name="index-index_002dsearch-196"></a><a name="index-index_002c-searching-197"></a><a name="index-searching_002c-in-the-indices-198"></a>Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and select a node + <br><dt><i> (<code>index-search</code>)<dd><a name="index-i-198"></a><a name="index-index_002dsearch-199"></a><a name="index-index_002c-searching-200"></a><a name="index-searching_002c-in-the-indices-201"></a>Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and select a node to which the found index entry points. - <br><dt><,> (<code>next-index-match</code>)<dd><a name="index-_002c-199"></a><a name="index-next_002dindex_002dmatch-200"></a>Move to the node containing the next matching index item from the last -<span class="samp">i</span> command. + <br><dt><,> (<code>next-index-match</code>)<dd><a name="index-g_t_002c-202"></a><a name="index-next_002dindex_002dmatch-203"></a>Move to the node containing the next matching index item from the last +‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’ command. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x index-apropos</kbd><dd><a name="index-index_002dapropos-201"></a>Grovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a + <br><dt><kbd>M-x index-apropos</kbd><dd><a name="index-index_002dapropos-204"></a>Grovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a string, and build a menu of the possible matches. </dl> - <p>The most basic searching command is <span class="samp">s</span> or <span class="samp">/</span> -(<code>search</code>). The <span class="samp">s</span> command prompts you for a string in the + <p>The most basic searching command is ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ +(<code>search</code>). The ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ command prompts you for a string in the echo area, and then searches the remainder of the Info file for an occurrence of that string. If the string is found, the node containing it is selected, and the cursor is left positioned at the start of the -found string. Subsequent <span class="samp">s</span> commands show you the default search -string within <span class="samp">[</span> and <span class="samp">]</span>; pressing <RET> instead of +found string. Subsequent ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ commands show you the default search +string within ‘<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">]</span></samp>’; pressing <RET> instead of typing a new string will use the default search string. Under -<span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), using the <span class="samp">n</span> or <span class="samp">N</span> +‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#g_t_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’ commands is a faster way of searching for the same string. <p><dfn>Incremental searching</dfn> is similar to basic searching, but the string is looked up while you are typing it, instead of waiting until the entire search string has been specified. - <p><a name="index-search_002c-and-case_002dsensitivity-202"></a><a name="index-case_002dsensitivity_002c-and-search-203"></a>Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the case + <p><a name="index-search_002c-and-case_002dsensitivity-205"></a><a name="index-case_002dsensitivity_002c-and-search-206"></a>Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the case of letters when comparing the Info file text with the search string. However, an uppercase letter in the search string makes the search case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental search, even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by using the -<span class="samp">S</span> command (<code>search-case-sensitively</code>). The <span class="samp">n</span> and -<span class="samp">N</span> commands operate case-sensitively if the last search command -was <span class="samp">S</span>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>’ command (<code>search-case-sensitively</code>). The ‘<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>’ commands operate case-sensitively if the last search command +was ‘<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>’. <p>The most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is -the <span class="samp">i</span> command (<code>index-search</code>). This command prompts for +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’ command (<code>index-search</code>). This command prompts for a string, and then looks for that string in all the indices of the current Info manual. If it finds a matching index entry, it displays the node to which that entry refers and prints the full text of the -entry in the echo area. You can press <span class="samp">,</span> +entry in the echo area. You can press ‘<samp><span class="samp">,</span></samp>’ (<code>next-index-match</code>) to find more matches. A good Info manual -has all of its important concepts indexed, so the <span class="samp">i</span> command +has all of its important concepts indexed, so the ‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’ command lets you use a manual as a reference. <p>If you don't know what manual documents something, try the <kbd>M-x index-apropos</kbd> command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on your system. It can also be invoked from the command line; see -<a href="#_002d_002dapropos">–apropos</a>. +<a href="#g_t_002d_002dapropos">–apropos</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Xref-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a>, +<a name="Xref-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">7 Selecting Cross References</h2> -<p>We have already discussed the <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Prev</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> +<p>We have already discussed the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ pointers which appear at the top of a node. In addition to these pointers, a node may contain other pointers which refer you to a different node, perhaps in another Info file. Such pointers are called @@ -793,9 +792,10 @@ different node, perhaps in another Info file. Such pointers are called <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Parts-of-an-Xref"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a>, +<a name="Parts-of-an-Xref"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">7.1 Parts of an Xref</h3> @@ -805,14 +805,14 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a> reference, and the second is the <dfn>target</dfn>; it is the full name of the node that the cross reference points to. - <p>The target is separated from the label by a colon <span class="samp">:</span>; first the + <p>The target is separated from the label by a colon ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’; first the label appears, and then the target. For example, in the sample menu cross reference below, the single colon separates the label from the target. <pre class="example"> * Foo Label: Foo Target. More information about Foo. </pre> - <p>Note the <span class="samp">.</span> which ends the name of the target. The <span class="samp">.</span> is + <p>Note the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ which ends the name of the target. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ is not part of the target; it serves only to let Info know where the target name ends. @@ -826,25 +826,26 @@ the label, in this case <code>Foo Commands</code>. <p>You will normally see two types of cross reference while viewing nodes: <dfn>menu</dfn> references, and <dfn>note</dfn> references. Menu references -appear within a node's menu; they begin with a <span class="samp">*</span> at the beginning +appear within a node's menu; they begin with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ at the beginning of a line, and continue with a label, a target, and a comment which describes what the contents of the node pointed to contains. <p>Note references appear within the body of the node text; they begin with <code>*Note</code>, and continue with a label and a target. - <p>Like <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Prev</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> pointers, cross references + <p>Like ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ pointers, cross references can point to any valid node. They are used to refer you to a place where more detailed information can be found on a particular subject. Here is a cross reference which points to a node within the Texinfo -documentation: See <a href="texinfo.html#xref">Writing an Xref (the Texinfo Manual)</a>, for more information on creating your own texinfo cross +documentation: See <a href="texinfo.html#xref">Writing an Xref</a>, for more information on creating your own texinfo cross references. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Selecting-Xrefs"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Parts-of-an-Xref">Parts of an Xref</a>, +<a name="Selecting-Xrefs"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Parts-of-an-Xref">Parts of an Xref</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">7.2 Selecting Xrefs</h3> @@ -852,26 +853,26 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a> <p>The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items. <dl> -<dt><1> (<code>menu-digit</code>)<dt><2> <small class="dots">...</small> <9><dt><M-1>, vi-like operation<dt><M-2> <small class="dots">...</small> <M-9>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-204"></a><a name="index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-205"></a><a name="index-1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-206"></a><a name="index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-207"></a><a name="index-menu_002ddigit-208"></a>Within an Info window, pressing a single digit, (such as <span class="samp">1</span>), +<dt><1> (<code>menu-digit</code>)<dt><2> <small class="dots">...</small> <9><dt><M-1>, vi-like operation<dt><M-2> <small class="dots">...</small> <M-9>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g_t1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-207"></a><a name="index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-208"></a><a name="index-g_t1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-209"></a><a name="index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-210"></a><a name="index-menu_002ddigit-211"></a>Within an Info window, pressing a single digit, (such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’), selects that menu item, and places its node in the current window. -For convenience, there is one exception; pressing <span class="samp">0</span> selects the -<em>last</em> item in the node's menu. When <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> is in +For convenience, there is one exception; pressing ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’ selects the +<em>last</em> item in the node's menu. When ‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’ is in effect, digits set the numeric argument, so these commands are remapped -to their <span class="samp">M-</span> varieties. For example, to select the last menu +to their ‘<samp><span class="samp">M-</span></samp>’ varieties. For example, to select the last menu item, press <M-0>. - <br><dt><0> (<code>last-menu-item</code>)<dt><M-0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-0_002c-in-Info-windows-209"></a><a name="index-M_002d0_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-210"></a><a name="index-last_002dmenu_002ditem-211"></a>Select the last item in the current node's menu. + <br><dt><0> (<code>last-menu-item</code>)<dt><M-0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-g_t0_002c-in-Info-windows-212"></a><a name="index-M_002d0_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-213"></a><a name="index-last_002dmenu_002ditem-214"></a>Select the last item in the current node's menu. - <br><dt><m> (<code>menu-item</code>)<dd><a name="index-m-212"></a><a name="index-menu_002ditem-213"></a>Reads the name of a menu item in the echo area and selects its node. + <br><dt><m> (<code>menu-item</code>)<dd><a name="index-m-215"></a><a name="index-menu_002ditem-216"></a>Reads the name of a menu item in the echo area and selects its node. Completion is available while reading the menu label. See <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x find-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-find_002dmenu-214"></a>Move the cursor to the start of this node's menu. + <br><dt><kbd>M-x find-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-find_002dmenu-217"></a>Move the cursor to the start of this node's menu. </dl> <p>This table lists the Info commands which operate on cross references. <dl> -<dt><f> (<code>xref-item</code>)<dt><r><br><dt><M-f>, vi-like operation<dt><kbd>C-x <r></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-f-215"></a><a name="index-r-216"></a><a name="index-M_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-217"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-r_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-218"></a><a name="index-xref_002ditem-219"></a>Reads the name of a note cross reference in the echo area and selects +<dt><f> (<code>xref-item</code>)<dt><r><br><dt><M-f>, vi-like operation<dt><kbd>C-x <r></kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-f-218"></a><a name="index-r-219"></a><a name="index-M_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-220"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-r_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-221"></a><a name="index-xref_002ditem-222"></a>Reads the name of a note cross reference in the echo area and selects its node. Completion is available while reading the cross reference label. See <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>. </dl> @@ -879,30 +880,31 @@ label. See <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>. <p>Finally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references alike: <dl> -<dt><TAB> (<code>move-to-next-xref</code>)<dd><a name="index-TAB_002c-in-Info-windows-220"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dnext_002dxref-221"></a>Move the cursor to the start of the next nearest menu item or note +<dt><TAB> (<code>move-to-next-xref</code>)<dd><a name="index-TAB_002c-in-Info-windows-223"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dnext_002dxref-224"></a>Move the cursor to the start of the next nearest menu item or note reference in this node. You can then use <RET> (<code>select-reference-this-line</code>) to select the menu or note reference. - <br><dt><M-TAB> (<code>move-to-prev-xref</code>)<dt><Shift-<TAB>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-222"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dprev_002dxref-223"></a>Move the cursor the start of the nearest previous menu item or note + <br><dt><M-TAB> (<code>move-to-prev-xref</code>)<dt><Shift-<TAB>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-225"></a><a name="index-move_002dto_002dprev_002dxref-226"></a>Move the cursor the start of the nearest previous menu item or note reference in this node. - <p><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-224"></a><a name="index-BackTab_002c-in-Info-windows-225"></a>On DOS/Windows only, the <kbd>Shift-<TAB></kbd> key is an alias for -<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>. This key is sometimes called <span class="samp">BackTab</span>. + <p><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-227"></a><a name="index-BackTab_002c-in-Info-windows-228"></a>On DOS/Windows only, the <kbd>Shift-<TAB></kbd> key is an alias for +<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>. This key is sometimes called ‘<samp><span class="samp">BackTab</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><RET> (<code>select-reference-this-line</code>)<dt><M-g>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-RET_002c-in-Info-windows-226"></a><a name="index-M_002dg_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-227"></a><a name="index-select_002dreference_002dthis_002dline-228"></a>Select the menu item or note reference appearing on this line. + <br><dt><RET> (<code>select-reference-this-line</code>)<dt><M-g>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-RET_002c-in-Info-windows-229"></a><a name="index-M_002dg_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-230"></a><a name="index-select_002dreference_002dthis_002dline-231"></a>Select the menu item or note reference appearing on this line. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Window-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a>, +<a name="Window-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Xref-Commands">Xref Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">8 Manipulating Multiple Windows</h2> -<p><a name="index-windows_002c-manipulating-229"></a> +<p><a name="index-windows_002c-manipulating-232"></a> A <dfn>window</dfn> is a place to show the text of a node. Windows have a view area where the text of the node is displayed, and an associated <dfn>mode line</dfn>, which briefly describes the node being viewed. @@ -922,9 +924,10 @@ windows. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="The-Mode-Line"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>, +<a name="The-Mode-Line"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.1 The Mode Line</h3> @@ -939,14 +942,14 @@ updated, and whether or not the Info file was compressed when stored on disk. <p>Here is a sample mode line for a window containing an uncompressed file -named <span class="file">dir</span>, showing the node <span class="samp">Top</span>. +named <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>, showing the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’. <pre class="example"> -----Info: (dir)Top, 40 lines --Top------------------------------------- ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ (file)Node #lines where </pre> <p>When a node comes from a file which is compressed on disk, this is -indicated in the mode line with two small <span class="samp">z</span>'s. In addition, if +indicated in the mode line with two small ‘<samp><span class="samp">z</span></samp>’'s. In addition, if the Info file containing the node has been split into subfiles, the name of the subfile containing the node appears in the modeline as well: @@ -954,13 +957,13 @@ of the subfile containing the node appears in the modeline as well: </pre> <p>Truncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next display line, see <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">toggle-wrap</a>) is indicated by a -<span class="samp">$</span> at the left edge of the mode line: +‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ at the left edge of the mode line: <pre class="example"> --$--Info: (texinfo)Top, 480 lines --Top-- Subfile: texinfo-1----------- </pre> <p>When Info makes a node internally, such that there is no corresponding info file on disk, the name of the node is surrounded by asterisks -(<span class="samp">*</span>). The name itself tells you what the contents of the window +(‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’). The name itself tells you what the contents of the window are; the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed node showing possible completions: @@ -968,10 +971,11 @@ showing possible completions: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Basic-Windows"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a>, +<a name="Basic-Windows"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#The-Mode-Line">The Mode Line</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.2 Window Commands</h3> @@ -982,39 +986,38 @@ own mode line (see <a href="#The-Mode-Line">The Mode Line</a>) and history of no window (see <a href="#Node-Commands"><code>history-node</code></a>). <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-x <o></kbd> (<code>next-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-selecting-230"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-o-231"></a><a name="index-next_002dwindow-232"></a>Select the next window on the screen. Note that the echo area can only be +<dt><kbd>C-x <o></kbd> (<code>next-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-selecting-233"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-o-234"></a><a name="index-next_002dwindow-235"></a>Select the next window on the screen. Note that the echo area can only be selected if it is already in use, and you have left it temporarily. -Normally, <span class="samp">C-x o</span> simply moves the cursor into the next window on +Normally, ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-x o</span></samp>’ simply moves the cursor into the next window on the screen, or if you are already within the last window, into the first -window on the screen. Given a numeric argument, <span class="samp">C-x o</span> moves over -that many windows. A negative argument causes <span class="samp">C-x o</span> to select +window on the screen. Given a numeric argument, ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-x o</span></samp>’ moves over +that many windows. A negative argument causes ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-x o</span></samp>’ to select the previous window on the screen. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x prev-window</kbd><dd><a name="index-prev_002dwindow-233"></a>Select the previous window on the screen. This is identical to -<span class="samp">C-x o</span> with a negative argument. + <br><dt><kbd>M-x prev-window</kbd><dd><a name="index-prev_002dwindow-236"></a>Select the previous window on the screen. This is identical to +‘<samp><span class="samp">C-x o</span></samp>’ with a negative argument. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <2></kbd> (<code>split-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-creating-234"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-2-235"></a><a name="index-split_002dwindow-236"></a>Split the current window into two windows, both showing the same node. + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <2></kbd> (<code>split-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-creating-237"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-2-238"></a><a name="index-split_002dwindow-239"></a>Split the current window into two windows, both showing the same node. Each window is one half the size of the original window, and the cursor remains in the original window. The variable <code>automatic-tiling</code> can cause all of the windows on the screen to be resized for you -automatically, please see <a href="#Variables">automatic-tiling</a> for more -information. +automatically (see <a href="#Variables">automatic-tiling</a>). - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <0></kbd> (<code>delete-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-deleting-237"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-0-238"></a><a name="index-delete_002dwindow-239"></a>Delete the current window from the screen. If you have made too many + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <0></kbd> (<code>delete-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-windows_002c-deleting-240"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-0-241"></a><a name="index-delete_002dwindow-242"></a>Delete the current window from the screen. If you have made too many windows and your screen appears cluttered, this is the way to get rid of some of them. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <1></kbd> (<code>keep-one-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-1-240"></a><a name="index-keep_002done_002dwindow-241"></a>Delete all of the windows excepting the current one. + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <1></kbd> (<code>keep-one-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-1-243"></a><a name="index-keep_002done_002dwindow-244"></a>Delete all of the windows excepting the current one. - <br><dt><kbd>ESC <C-v></kbd> (<code>scroll-other-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-Info-windows-242"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dother_002dwindow-243"></a>Scroll the other window, in the same fashion that <span class="samp">C-v</span> might + <br><dt><kbd>ESC <C-v></kbd> (<code>scroll-other-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-Info-windows-245"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dother_002dwindow-246"></a>Scroll the other window, in the same fashion that ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-v</span></samp>’ might scroll the current window. Given a negative argument, scroll the -"other" window backward. +“other” window backward. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <^></kbd> (<code>grow-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-_005e-244"></a><a name="index-grow_002dwindow-245"></a>Grow (or shrink) the current window. Given a numeric argument, grow + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <^></kbd> (<code>grow-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-_005e-247"></a><a name="index-grow_002dwindow-248"></a>Grow (or shrink) the current window. Given a numeric argument, grow the current window that many lines; with a negative numeric argument, shrink the window instead. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <t></kbd> (<code>tile-windows</code>)<dd><a name="index-tiling-246"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-t-247"></a><a name="index-tile_002dwindows-248"></a>Divide the available screen space among all of the visible windows. + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <t></kbd> (<code>tile-windows</code>)<dd><a name="index-tiling-249"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-t-250"></a><a name="index-tile_002dwindows-251"></a>Divide the available screen space among all of the visible windows. Each window is given an equal portion of the screen in which to display its contents. The variable <code>automatic-tiling</code> can cause <code>tile-windows</code> to be called when a window is created or deleted. @@ -1023,14 +1026,15 @@ See <a href="#Variables"><code>automatic-tiling</code></a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="The-Echo-Area"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>, +<a name="The-Echo-Area"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.3 The Echo Area</h3> -<p><a name="index-echo-area-249"></a> +<p><a name="index-echo-area-252"></a> The <dfn>echo area</dfn> is a one line window which appears at the bottom of the screen. It is used to display informative or error messages, and to read lines of input from you when that is necessary. Almost all of the @@ -1041,75 +1045,75 @@ table briefly lists the commands that are available while input is being read in the echo area: <dl> -<dt><C-f> (<code>echo-area-forward</code>)<dt><RIGHT> (an arrow key)<dt><M-h>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-250"></a><a name="index-RIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-251"></a><a name="index-M_002dh_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-252"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dforward-253"></a>Move forward a character. +<dt><C-f> (<code>echo-area-forward</code>)<dt><RIGHT> (an arrow key)<dt><M-h>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-253"></a><a name="index-RIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-254"></a><a name="index-M_002dh_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-255"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dforward-256"></a>Move forward a character. - <br><dt><C-b> (<code>echo-area-backward</code>)<dt><LEFT> (an arrow key)<dt><M-l>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-LEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-254"></a><a name="index-C_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-255"></a><a name="index-M_002dl_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-256"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward-257"></a>Move backward a character. + <br><dt><C-b> (<code>echo-area-backward</code>)<dt><LEFT> (an arrow key)<dt><M-l>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-LEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-257"></a><a name="index-C_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-258"></a><a name="index-M_002dl_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-259"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward-260"></a>Move backward a character. - <br><dt><C-a> (<code>echo-area-beg-of-line</code>)<dt><M-0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002da_002c-in-the-echo-area-258"></a><a name="index-M_002d0_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-259"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbeg_002dof_002dline-260"></a>Move to the start of the input line. + <br><dt><C-a> (<code>echo-area-beg-of-line</code>)<dt><M-0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002da_002c-in-the-echo-area-261"></a><a name="index-M_002d0_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-262"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbeg_002dof_002dline-263"></a>Move to the start of the input line. - <br><dt><C-e> (<code>echo-area-end-of-line</code>)<dt><M-$>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002de_002c-in-the-echo-area-261"></a><a name="index-M_002d_0024_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-262"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dend_002dof_002dline-263"></a>Move to the end of the input line. + <br><dt><C-e> (<code>echo-area-end-of-line</code>)<dt><M-$>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002de_002c-in-the-echo-area-264"></a><a name="index-M_002d_0024_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-265"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dend_002dof_002dline-266"></a>Move to the end of the input line. - <br><dt><M-f> (<code>echo-area-forward-word</code>)<dt><C-<RIGHT>> (DOS/Windows only)<dt><M-w>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-264"></a><a name="index-M_002dw_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-265"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dforward_002dword-266"></a>Move forward a word. + <br><dt><M-f> (<code>echo-area-forward-word</code>)<dt><C-<RIGHT>> (DOS/Windows only)<dt><M-w>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-267"></a><a name="index-M_002dw_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-268"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dforward_002dword-269"></a>Move forward a word. - <p><a name="index-C_002dRIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-267"></a>On DOS/Windows, <kbd>C-<RIGHT></kbd> moves forward by words. + <p><a name="index-C_002dRIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-270"></a>On DOS/Windows, <kbd>C-<RIGHT></kbd> moves forward by words. - <br><dt><M-b> (<code>echo-area-backward-word</code>)<dt><C-<LEFT>> (DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-268"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dword-269"></a>Move backward a word. + <br><dt><M-b> (<code>echo-area-backward-word</code>)<dt><C-<LEFT>> (DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-271"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dword-272"></a>Move backward a word. - <p><a name="index-C_002dLEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-270"></a>On DOS/Windows, <kbd>C-<LEFT></kbd> moves backward by words. + <p><a name="index-C_002dLEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-273"></a>On DOS/Windows, <kbd>C-<LEFT></kbd> moves backward by words. - <br><dt><C-d> (<code>echo-area-delete</code>)<dt><M-x>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-271"></a><a name="index-M_002dx_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-272"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002ddelete-273"></a>Delete the character under the cursor. + <br><dt><C-d> (<code>echo-area-delete</code>)<dt><M-x>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-274"></a><a name="index-M_002dx_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-275"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002ddelete-276"></a>Delete the character under the cursor. - <br><dt><DEL> (<code>echo-area-rubout</code>)<dd><a name="index-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-274"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002drubout-275"></a>Delete the character behind the cursor. + <br><dt><DEL> (<code>echo-area-rubout</code>)<dd><a name="index-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-277"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002drubout-278"></a>Delete the character behind the cursor. <p>On some keyboards, this key is designated <BS>, for -<span class="samp">BackSpace</span>. Those keyboards will usually bind <DEL> in the +‘<samp><span class="samp">BackSpace</span></samp>’. Those keyboards will usually bind <DEL> in the echo area to <code>echo-area-delete</code>. - <br><dt><C-g> (<code>echo-area-abort</code>)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dg_002c-in-the-echo-area-276"></a><a name="index-C_002du_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-277"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dabort-278"></a>Cancel or quit the current operation. If completion is being read, this + <br><dt><C-g> (<code>echo-area-abort</code>)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dg_002c-in-the-echo-area-279"></a><a name="index-C_002du_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-280"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dabort-281"></a>Cancel or quit the current operation. If completion is being read, this command discards the text of the input line which does not match any completion. If the input line is empty, it aborts the calling function. - <br><dt><RET> (<code>echo-area-newline</code>)<dd><a name="index-RET_002c-in-the-echo-area-279"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dnewline-280"></a>Accept (or forces completion of) the current input line. + <br><dt><RET> (<code>echo-area-newline</code>)<dd><a name="index-RET_002c-in-the-echo-area-282"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dnewline-283"></a>Accept (or forces completion of) the current input line. - <br><dt><C-q> (<code>echo-area-quoted-insert</code>)<dt><C-v>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dq_002c-in-the-echo-area-281"></a><a name="index-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-282"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dquoted_002dinsert-283"></a>Insert the next character verbatim. This is how you can insert control -characters into a search string, for example, or the <span class="samp">?</span> character + <br><dt><C-q> (<code>echo-area-quoted-insert</code>)<dt><C-v>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dq_002c-in-the-echo-area-284"></a><a name="index-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-285"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dquoted_002dinsert-286"></a>Insert the next character verbatim. This is how you can insert control +characters into a search string, for example, or the ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ character when Info prompts with completion. - <br><dt><var>printing character</var> (<code>echo-area-insert</code>)<dd><a name="index-printing-characters_002c-in-the-echo-area-284"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dinsert-285"></a>Insert the character. Characters that have their 8th bit set, and not -bound to <span class="samp">M-</span> commands, are also inserted verbatim; this is useful + <br><dt><var>printing character</var> (<code>echo-area-insert</code>)<dd><a name="index-printing-characters_002c-in-the-echo-area-287"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dinsert-288"></a>Insert the character. Characters that have their 8th bit set, and not +bound to ‘<samp><span class="samp">M-</span></samp>’ commands, are also inserted verbatim; this is useful for terminals which support Latin scripts. - <br><dt><M-TAB> (<code>echo-area-tab-insert</code>)<dt><Shift-<TAB>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-286"></a><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-287"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dtab_002dinsert-288"></a>Insert a TAB character. + <br><dt><M-TAB> (<code>echo-area-tab-insert</code>)<dt><Shift-<TAB>> (on DOS/Windows only)<dd><a name="index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-289"></a><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-290"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dtab_002dinsert-291"></a>Insert a TAB character. - <p><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-289"></a><a name="index-BackTab_002c-in-the-echo-area-290"></a>On DOS/Windows only, the <kbd>Shift-<TAB></kbd> key is an alias for -<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>. This key is sometimes called <span class="samp">BackTab</span>. + <p><a name="index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-292"></a><a name="index-BackTab_002c-in-the-echo-area-293"></a>On DOS/Windows only, the <kbd>Shift-<TAB></kbd> key is an alias for +<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>. This key is sometimes called ‘<samp><span class="samp">BackTab</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><C-t> (<code>echo-area-transpose-chars</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dt_002c-in-the-echo-area-291"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dtranspose_002dchars-292"></a>Transpose the characters at the cursor. + <br><dt><C-t> (<code>echo-area-transpose-chars</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dt_002c-in-the-echo-area-294"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dtranspose_002dchars-295"></a>Transpose the characters at the cursor. </dl> <p>The next group of commands deal with <dfn>killing</dfn>, and <dfn>yanking</dfn> text<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-6" name="fnd-6"><sup>6</sup></a>. For an in-depth discussion of killing and -yanking, see <a href="emacs.html#Killing">Killing and Deleting (the GNU Emacs Manual)</a>. +yanking, see <a href="emacs.html#Killing">Killing and Deleting</a>. <dl> -<dt><M-d> (<code>echo-area-kill-word</code>)<dt><M-X>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-293"></a><a name="index-M_002dX_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-294"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dword-295"></a>Kill the word following the cursor. +<dt><M-d> (<code>echo-area-kill-word</code>)<dt><M-X>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-296"></a><a name="index-M_002dX_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-297"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dword-298"></a>Kill the word following the cursor. - <br><dt><M-DEL> (<code>echo-area-backward-kill-word</code>)<dt><M-<BS>><dd><a name="index-M_002dDEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-296"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dword-297"></a>Kill the word preceding the cursor. + <br><dt><M-DEL> (<code>echo-area-backward-kill-word</code>)<dt><M-<BS>><dd><a name="index-M_002dDEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-299"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dword-300"></a>Kill the word preceding the cursor. - <p><a name="index-M_002dBS_002c-in-the-echo-area-298"></a>On some keyboards, the <code>Backspace</code> key is used instead of + <p><a name="index-M_002dBS_002c-in-the-echo-area-301"></a>On some keyboards, the <code>Backspace</code> key is used instead of <code>DEL</code>, so <code>M-<Backspace></code> has the same effect as <code>M-<DEL></code>. - <br><dt><C-k> (<code>echo-area-kill-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dk_002c-in-the-echo-area-299"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dline-300"></a>Kill the text from the cursor to the end of the line. + <br><dt><C-k> (<code>echo-area-kill-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dk_002c-in-the-echo-area-302"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dline-303"></a>Kill the text from the cursor to the end of the line. - <br><dt><kbd>C-x <DEL></kbd> (<code>echo-area-backward-kill-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-301"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dline-302"></a>Kill the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line. + <br><dt><kbd>C-x <DEL></kbd> (<code>echo-area-backward-kill-line</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dx-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-304"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dline-305"></a>Kill the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line. - <br><dt><C-y> (<code>echo-area-yank</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-303"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dyank-304"></a>Yank back the contents of the last kill. + <br><dt><C-y> (<code>echo-area-yank</code>)<dd><a name="index-C_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-306"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dyank-307"></a>Yank back the contents of the last kill. - <br><dt><M-y> (<code>echo-area-yank-pop</code>)<dd><a name="index-M_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-305"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dyank_002dpop-306"></a>Yank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first. + <br><dt><M-y> (<code>echo-area-yank-pop</code>)<dd><a name="index-M_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-308"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dyank_002dpop-309"></a>Yank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first. </dl> - <p><a name="index-completion-307"></a>Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that needed + <p><a name="index-completion-310"></a>Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that needed input will only accept one of a list of several choices. The choices represent the <dfn>possible completions</dfn>, and you must respond with one of them. Since there are a limited number of responses you can make, @@ -1121,46 +1125,47 @@ is called <dfn>completion</dfn>. <p>The following commands are available when completing in the echo area: <dl> -<dt><TAB> (<code>echo-area-complete</code>)<dt><SPC><dd><a name="index-TAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-308"></a><a name="index-SPC_002c-in-the-echo-area-309"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dcomplete-310"></a>Insert as much of a completion as is possible. +<dt><TAB> (<code>echo-area-complete</code>)<dt><SPC><dd><a name="index-TAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-311"></a><a name="index-SPC_002c-in-the-echo-area-312"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dcomplete-313"></a>Insert as much of a completion as is possible. - <br><dt><?> (<code>echo-area-possible-completions</code>)<dd><a name="index-_003f_002c-in-the-echo-area-311"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dpossible_002dcompletions-312"></a>Display a window containing a list of the possible completions of what + <br><dt><?> (<code>echo-area-possible-completions</code>)<dd><a name="index-g_t_003f_002c-in-the-echo-area-314"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dpossible_002dcompletions-315"></a>Display a window containing a list of the possible completions of what you have typed so far. For example, if the available choices are: <pre class="example"> bar foliate food forget - </pre> - <p class="noindent">and you have typed an <span class="samp">f</span>, followed by <span class="samp">?</span>, Info will pop up a -window showing a node called <span class="samp">*Completions*</span> which lists the +</pre> + <p class="noindent">and you have typed an ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’, followed by ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’, Info will pop up a +window showing a node called ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Completions*</span></samp>’ which lists the possible completions like this: <pre class="example"> 3 completions: foliate food forget - </pre> - <p class="noindent">i.e., all of the choices which begin with <span class="samp">f</span>. Pressing <SPC> -or <TAB> would result in <span class="samp">fo</span> appearing in the echo area, since -all of the choices which begin with <span class="samp">f</span> continue with <span class="samp">o</span>. -Now, typing <span class="samp">l</span> followed by <span class="samp">TAB</span> results in <span class="samp">foliate</span> +</pre> + <p class="noindent">i.e., all of the choices which begin with ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’. Pressing <SPC> +or <TAB> would result in ‘<samp><span class="samp">fo</span></samp>’ appearing in the echo area, since +all of the choices which begin with ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ continue with ‘<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>’. +Now, typing ‘<samp><span class="samp">l</span></samp>’ followed by ‘<samp><span class="samp">TAB</span></samp>’ results in ‘<samp><span class="samp">foliate</span></samp>’ appearing in the echo area, since that is the only choice which begins -with <span class="samp">fol</span>. +with ‘<samp><span class="samp">fol</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><ESC C-v> (<code>echo-area-scroll-completions-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area-313"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dscroll_002dcompletions_002dwindow-314"></a>Scroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the "other" + <br><dt><ESC C-v> (<code>echo-area-scroll-completions-window</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area-316"></a><a name="index-echo_002darea_002dscroll_002dcompletions_002dwindow-317"></a>Scroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the “other” window if not. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Printing-Nodes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>, +<a name="Printing-Nodes"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">9 Printing Nodes</h2> -<p><a name="index-printing-315"></a> +<p><a name="index-printing-318"></a> In general, we recommend that you use TeX to format the document and print sections of it, by running <code>tex</code> on the Texinfo source file. However, you may wish to print out the contents of a node as a quick @@ -1168,13 +1173,13 @@ reference document for later use, or if you don't have TeX installed. Info provides you with a command for doing this. <dl> -<dt><kbd>M-x print-node</kbd><dd><a name="index-print_002dnode-316"></a><a name="index-INFO_005fPRINT_005fCOMMAND_002c-environment-variable-317"></a>Pipe the contents of the current node through the command in the +<dt><kbd>M-x print-node</kbd><dd><a name="index-print_002dnode-319"></a><a name="index-INFO_005fPRINT_005fCOMMAND_002c-environment-variable-320"></a>Pipe the contents of the current node through the command in the environment variable <code>INFO_PRINT_COMMAND</code>. If the variable does not exist, the node is simply piped to <code>lpr</code> (on DOS/Windows, the -default is to print the node to the local printer device, <span class="file">PRN</span>). +default is to print the node to the local printer device, <samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp>). - <p><a name="index-printing-nodes-to-the-local-printer-318"></a><a name="index-local-printer-device-319"></a>The value of <code>INFO_PRINT_COMMAND</code> may begin with the <span class="samp">></span> -character, as in <span class="samp">>/dev/printer</span>, in which case Info treats the + <p><a name="index-printing-nodes-to-the-local-printer-321"></a><a name="index-local-printer-device-322"></a>The value of <code>INFO_PRINT_COMMAND</code> may begin with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>’ +character, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">>/dev/printer</span></samp>’, in which case Info treats the rest as the name of a file or a device. Instead of piping to a command, Info opens the file, writes the node contents, and closes the file, under the assumption that text written to that file will be printed by @@ -1183,10 +1188,11 @@ the underlying OS. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Miscellaneous-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Variables">Variables</a>, +<a name="Miscellaneous-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Variables">Variables</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">10 Miscellaneous Commands</h2> @@ -1194,24 +1200,24 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <p>GNU Info contains several commands which self-document GNU Info: <dl> -<dt><kbd>M-x describe-command</kbd><dd><a name="index-functions_002c-describing-320"></a><a name="index-commands_002c-describing-321"></a><a name="index-describe_002dcommand-322"></a>Read the name of an Info command in the echo area and then display a +<dt><kbd>M-x describe-command</kbd><dd><a name="index-functions_002c-describing-323"></a><a name="index-commands_002c-describing-324"></a><a name="index-describe_002dcommand-325"></a>Read the name of an Info command in the echo area and then display a brief description of what that command does. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-key</kbd><dd><a name="index-keys_002c-describing-323"></a><a name="index-describe_002dkey-324"></a>Read a key sequence in the echo area, and then display the name and + <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-key</kbd><dd><a name="index-keys_002c-describing-326"></a><a name="index-describe_002dkey-327"></a>Read a key sequence in the echo area, and then display the name and documentation of the Info command that the key sequence invokes. <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-variable</kbd><dd>Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief description of what the variable affects. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x where-is</kbd><dd><a name="index-where_002dis-325"></a>Read the name of an Info command in the echo area, and then display + <br><dt><kbd>M-x where-is</kbd><dd><a name="index-where_002dis-328"></a>Read the name of an Info command in the echo area, and then display a key sequence which can be typed in order to invoke that command. - <br><dt><C-h> (<code>get-help-window</code>)<dt><?><dt><F1> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt>h, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dh-326"></a><a name="index-_003f_002c-in-Info-windows-327"></a><a name="index-F1-328"></a><a name="index-h_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-329"></a><a name="index-get_002dhelp_002dwindow-330"></a>Create (or Move into) the window displaying <code>*Help*</code>, and place + <br><dt><C-h> (<code>get-help-window</code>)<dt><?><dt><F1> (on DOS/Windows only)<dt>h, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-C_002dh-329"></a><a name="index-g_t_003f_002c-in-Info-windows-330"></a><a name="index-F1-331"></a><a name="index-h_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-332"></a><a name="index-get_002dhelp_002dwindow-333"></a>Create (or Move into) the window displaying <code>*Help*</code>, and place a node containing a quick reference card into it. This window displays the most concise information about GNU Info available. - <br><dt><h> (<code>get-info-help-node</code>)<dt><M-h>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-h-331"></a><a name="index-M_002dh_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-332"></a><a name="index-get_002dinfo_002dhelp_002dnode-333"></a>Try hard to visit the node <code>(info)Help</code>. The Info file -<span class="file">info.texi</span> distributed with GNU Info contains this node. Of + <br><dt><h> (<code>get-info-help-node</code>)<dt><M-h>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-h-334"></a><a name="index-M_002dh_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-335"></a><a name="index-get_002dinfo_002dhelp_002dnode-336"></a>Try hard to visit the node <code>(info)Help</code>. The Info file +<samp><span class="file">info.texi</span></samp> distributed with GNU Info contains this node. Of course, the file must first be processed with <code>makeinfo</code>, and then placed into the location of your Info directory. </dl> @@ -1219,48 +1225,48 @@ placed into the location of your Info directory. <p>Here are the commands for creating a numeric argument: <dl> -<dt><C-u> (<code>universal-argument</code>)<dd><a name="index-numeric-arguments-334"></a><a name="index-C_002du-335"></a><a name="index-universal_002dargument-336"></a>Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. <span class="samp">C-u</span> is +<dt><C-u> (<code>universal-argument</code>)<dd><a name="index-numeric-arguments-337"></a><a name="index-C_002du-338"></a><a name="index-universal_002dargument-339"></a>Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-u</span></samp>’ is a good way to give a small numeric argument to cursor movement or -scrolling commands; <span class="samp">C-u C-v</span> scrolls the screen 4 lines, while -<span class="samp">C-u C-u C-n</span> moves the cursor down 16 lines. <span class="samp">C-u</span> followed +scrolling commands; ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-u C-v</span></samp>’ scrolls the screen 4 lines, while +‘<samp><span class="samp">C-u C-u C-n</span></samp>’ moves the cursor down 16 lines. ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-u</span></samp>’ followed by digit keys sets the numeric argument to the number thus typed: <kbd>C-u 1 2 0</kbd> sets the argument to 120. - <br><dt><M-1> (<code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code>)<dt><1>, vi-like operation<dt><M-2> <small class="dots">...</small> <M-9><dt><2> <small class="dots">...</small> <9>, vi-like operation<dt><M-0><dt><0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002d0-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9-337"></a><a name="index-0-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-338"></a><a name="index-add_002ddigit_002dto_002dnumeric_002darg-339"></a>Add the digit value of the invoking key to the current numeric + <br><dt><M-1> (<code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code>)<dt><1>, vi-like operation<dt><M-2> <small class="dots">...</small> <M-9><dt><2> <small class="dots">...</small> <9>, vi-like operation<dt><M-0><dt><0>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-M_002d0-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9-340"></a><a name="index-g_t0-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-341"></a><a name="index-add_002ddigit_002dto_002dnumeric_002darg-342"></a>Add the digit value of the invoking key to the current numeric argument. Once Info is reading a numeric argument, you may just type the digits of the argument, without the Meta prefix. For example, you -might give <span class="samp">C-l</span> a numeric argument of 32 by typing: +might give ‘<samp><span class="samp">C-l</span></samp>’ a numeric argument of 32 by typing: <pre class="example"> <kbd>C-u 3 2 C-l</kbd> - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">or <pre class="example"> <kbd>M-3 2 C-l</kbd> - </pre> - <br><dt><M–> (<code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code><dt><-><dd><a name="index-M_002d_002d-340"></a><a name="index-_002d-341"></a><a name="index-negative-arguments-342"></a><a name="index-arguments_002c-negative-343"></a><a name="index-numeric-arguments_002c-negative-344"></a>To make a negative argument, type <kbd>-</kbd>. Typing <kbd>-</kbd> alone makes a +</pre> + <br><dt><M–> (<code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code><dt><-><dd><a name="index-M_002d_002d-343"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-344"></a><a name="index-negative-arguments-345"></a><a name="index-arguments_002c-negative-346"></a><a name="index-numeric-arguments_002c-negative-347"></a>To make a negative argument, type <kbd>-</kbd>. Typing <kbd>-</kbd> alone makes a negative argument with a value of -1. If you continue to type digit or Meta-digit keys after <kbd>-</kbd>, the result is a negative number produced by those digits. <p><kbd>-</kbd> doesn't work when you type in the echo area, because you need to -be able to insert the <span class="samp">-</span> character itself; use <kbd>M--</kbd> instead, +be able to insert the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ character itself; use <kbd>M--</kbd> instead, if you need to specify negative arguments in the echo area. </dl> - <p><span class="samp">C-g</span> is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">C-g</span></samp>’ is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key sequence, to cancel lengthy operations (such as multi-file searches) and to cancel reading input in the echo area. <dl> -<dt><C-g> (<code>abort-key</code>)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-cancelling-typeahead-345"></a><a name="index-cancelling-the-current-operation-346"></a><a name="index-C_002dg_002c-in-Info-windows-347"></a><a name="index-C_002du-cancels-typeahead_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-348"></a><a name="index-abort_002dkey-349"></a>Cancel current operation. +<dt><C-g> (<code>abort-key</code>)<dt><C-u>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-cancelling-typeahead-348"></a><a name="index-cancelling-the-current-operation-349"></a><a name="index-C_002dg_002c-in-Info-windows-350"></a><a name="index-C_002du-cancels-typeahead_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-351"></a><a name="index-abort_002dkey-352"></a>Cancel current operation. </dl> - <p>The <span class="samp">q</span> command of Info simply quits running Info. Under -<span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), you can also exit with <span class="samp">:q</span> -or <span class="samp">ZZ</span>. + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">q</span></samp>’ command of Info simply quits running Info. Under +‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#g_t_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), you can also exit with ‘<samp><span class="samp">:q</span></samp>’ +or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ZZ</span></samp>’. <dl> -<dt><q> (<code>quit</code>)<dt><kbd>C-x C-c</kbd><dt><kbd>:q</kbd>, vi-like operation<dt><kbd>ZZ</kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-quitting-350"></a><a name="index-q-351"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002dc-352"></a><a name="index-ZZ_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-353"></a><a name="index-quit-354"></a>Exit GNU Info. +<dt><q> (<code>quit</code>)<dt><kbd>C-x C-c</kbd><dt><kbd>:q</kbd>, vi-like operation<dt><kbd>ZZ</kbd>, vi-like operation<dd><a name="index-quitting-353"></a><a name="index-q-354"></a><a name="index-C_002dx-C_002dc-355"></a><a name="index-ZZ_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-356"></a><a name="index-quit-357"></a>Exit GNU Info. </dl> <p>If the operating system tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines tall, @@ -1268,7 +1274,7 @@ and it is actually only 40 lines tall, here is a way to tell Info that the operating system is correct. <dl> -<dt><kbd>M-x set-screen-height</kbd><dd><a name="index-set_002dscreen_002dheight-355"></a><a name="index-screen_002c-changing-the-height-of-356"></a>Read a height value in the echo area and set the height of the +<dt><kbd>M-x set-screen-height</kbd><dd><a name="index-set_002dscreen_002dheight-358"></a><a name="index-screen_002c-changing-the-height-of-359"></a>Read a height value in the echo area and set the height of the displayed screen to that value. </dl> @@ -1280,7 +1286,7 @@ area. be associated with the current node that you are viewing: <dl> -<dt><ESC C-f> (<code>show-footnotes</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002df-357"></a><a name="index-show_002dfootnotes-358"></a><a name="index-footnotes_002c-displaying-359"></a>Show the footnotes (if any) associated with the current node in another +<dt><ESC C-f> (<code>show-footnotes</code>)<dd><a name="index-ESC-C_002df-360"></a><a name="index-show_002dfootnotes-361"></a><a name="index-footnotes_002c-displaying-362"></a>Show the footnotes (if any) associated with the current node in another window. You can have Info automatically display the footnotes associated with a node when the node is selected by setting the variable <code>automatic-footnotes</code>. See <a href="#Variables"><code>automatic-footnotes</code></a>. @@ -1288,10 +1294,11 @@ associated with a node when the node is selected by setting the variable <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Variables"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, +<a name="Variables"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">11 Manipulating Variables</h2> @@ -1306,44 +1313,49 @@ the <code>set-variable</code> command described below, or in the <code>#var</cod section of the <code>.infokey</code> file. See <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>. <dl> -<dt><kbd>M-x set-variable</kbd><dd><a name="index-variables_002c-setting-360"></a><a name="index-set_002dvariable-361"></a>Read the name of a variable, and the value for it, in the echo area and +<dt><kbd>M-x set-variable</kbd><dd><a name="index-variables_002c-setting-363"></a><a name="index-set_002dvariable-364"></a>Read the name of a variable, and the value for it, in the echo area and then set the variable to that value. Completion is available when reading the variable name (see <a href="#The-Echo-Area">completion</a>); often, completion is available when reading the value to give to the variable, but that depends on the variable itself. If a variable does <em>not</em> supply multiple choices to complete over, it expects a numeric value. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-variable</kbd><dd><a name="index-variables_002c-describing-362"></a><a name="index-describe_002dvariable-363"></a>Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief + <br><dt><kbd>M-x describe-variable</kbd><dd><a name="index-variables_002c-describing-365"></a><a name="index-describe_002dvariable-366"></a>Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief description of what the variable affects. </dl> <p>Here is a list of the variables that you can set in Info. <dl> -<dt><code>automatic-footnotes</code><dd><a name="index-automatic_002dfootnotes-364"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, footnotes appear and disappear automatically; +<dt><code>automatic-footnotes</code><dd><a name="index-automatic_002dfootnotes-367"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, footnotes appear and disappear automatically; else, they appear at the bottom of the node text. This variable is <code>Off</code> by default. When a node is selected, a window containing the footnotes which appear in that node is created, and the footnotes are displayed within the new window. The window that Info creates to -contain the footnotes is called <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span>. If a node is -selected which contains no footnotes, and a <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span> window -is on the screen, the <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span> window is deleted. Footnote +contain the footnotes is called ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span></samp>’. If a node is +selected which contains no footnotes, and a ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span></samp>’ window +is on the screen, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span></samp>’ window is deleted. Footnote windows created in this fashion are not automatically tiled so that they can use as little of the display as is possible. - <br><dt><code>automatic-tiling</code><dd><a name="index-automatic_002dtiling-365"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, creating or deleting a window resizes other + <br><dt><code>automatic-tiling</code><dd><a name="index-automatic_002dtiling-368"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, creating or deleting a window resizes other windows. This variable is <code>Off</code> by default. Normally, typing -<span class="samp">C-x 2</span> divides the current window into two equal parts. When +‘<samp><span class="samp">C-x 2</span></samp>’ divides the current window into two equal parts. When <code>automatic-tiling</code> is set to <code>On</code>, all of the windows are resized automatically, keeping an equal number of lines visible in each window. There are exceptions to the automatic tiling; specifically, the -windows <span class="samp">*Completions*</span> and <span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span> are <em>not</em> +windows ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Completions*</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Footnotes*</span></samp>’ are <em>not</em> resized through automatic tiling; they remain their original size. - <br><dt><code>errors-ring-bell</code><dd><a name="index-errors_002dring_002dbell-366"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, errors cause the bell to ring. The default + <p><a name="cursor_002dmovement_002dscrolls"></a><br><dt><code>cursor-movement-scrolls</code><dd>Normally, cursor movement commands (see <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a>) stop when +top or bottom of a node is reached. When this variable is set to +<code>On</code>, cursor movement commands act as scrolling ones and their +behavior is controlled by the <code>scroll-behavior</code> variable (see below). + + <br><dt><code>errors-ring-bell</code><dd><a name="index-errors_002dring_002dbell-369"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, errors cause the bell to ring. The default setting of this variable is <code>On</code>. - <br><dt><code>gc-compressed-files</code><dd><a name="index-gc_002dcompressed_002dfiles-367"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, Info garbage collects files which had to be + <br><dt><code>gc-compressed-files</code><dd><a name="index-gc_002dcompressed_002dfiles-370"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, Info garbage collects files which had to be uncompressed. The default value of this variable is <code>Off</code>. Whenever a node is visited in Info, the Info file containing that node is read into core, and Info reads information about the tags and nodes @@ -1356,32 +1368,60 @@ consuming operation, and so Info tries hard not to do it twice. <code>gc-compressed-files</code> tells Info it is okay to garbage collect the text of the nodes of a file which was compressed on disk. - <br><dt><code>ISO-Latin</code><dd><a name="index-ISO-Latin-characters-368"></a><a name="index-ISO_002dLatin-369"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, Info accepts and displays ISO Latin characters. + <br><dt><code>ISO-Latin</code><dd><a name="index-ISO-Latin-characters-371"></a><a name="index-ISO_002dLatin-372"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, Info accepts and displays ISO Latin characters. By default, Info assumes an ASCII character set. <code>ISO-Latin</code> tells Info that it is running in an environment where the European standard character set is in use, and allows you to input such characters to Info, as well as display them. - <br><dt><code>scroll-behavior</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dbehavior-370"></a>Control what happens when forward scrolling is requested at the end of + <p><a name="scroll_002dbehavior"></a><br><dt><code>scroll-behavior</code><dt><code>scroll-behaviour</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dbehavior-373"></a><a name="index-scroll_002dbehaviour-374"></a>Control what happens when forward scrolling is requested at the end of a node, or when backward scrolling is requested at the beginning of a -node. The default value for this variable is <code>Continuous</code>. There -are three possible values for this variable: +node. The default value for this variable is <code>Continuous</code>. +There are three possible values for this variable: <dl> <dt><code>Continuous</code><dd>Try to get the first item in this node's menu, or failing that, the -<span class="samp">Next</span> node, or failing that, the <span class="samp">Next</span> of the <span class="samp">Up</span>. -This behavior is identical to using the <span class="samp">]</span> -(<code>global-next-node</code>) and <span class="samp">[</span> (<code>global-prev-node</code>) +‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ node, or failing that, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’. +This behavior is identical to using the ‘<samp><span class="samp">]</span></samp>’ +(<code>global-next-node</code>) and ‘<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>’ (<code>global-prev-node</code>) commands. - <br><dt><code>Next Only</code><dd>Only try to get the <span class="samp">Next</span> node. + <br><dt><code>scroll-last-node</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dlast_002dnode-375"></a>Control what happens when a scrolling command is issued at the end of +the last node. Possible values are: + + <dl> +<dt><code>Stop</code><dd>Do not scroll. Display the ‘<samp><span class="samp">No more nodes within this document.</span></samp>’ +message. This is the default. + + <br><dt><code>Scroll</code><dd>Scroll as usual. Since the last node is usually an index, this means +that the very first node from the menu will be selected. + + <br><dt><code>Top</code><dd>Go to the top node of this document. +</dl> + + <p>This variable is in effect only if <code>scroll-behaviour</code> is set to +<code>Continuous</code>. + + <p>Notice that the default behavior has changed in version 4.12. Previous +versions behaved as if <code>scroll-last-node=Scroll</code> was set. This +behavior was counter-intuitive, therefore since version 4.12 the +default is to stop at the last node. + + <br><dt><code>Next Only</code><dd>Only try to get the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ node. <br><dt><code>Page Only</code><dd>Simply give up, changing nothing. If <code>scroll-behavior</code> is <code>Page Only</code>, no scrolling command can change the node that is being viewed. </dl> - <br><dt><code>scroll-step</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dstep-371"></a>The number of lines to scroll when the cursor moves out of the window. + <p>This variable normally affects only scrolling commands. +See <a href="#cursor_002dmovement_002dscrolls">cursor-movement-scrolls</a>, for information on how to widen its +scope. + + <p>The two names, <code>scroll-behavior</code> and <code>scroll-behaviour</code>, are +a historical accident. They are merely synonyms. + + <br><dt><code>scroll-step</code><dd><a name="index-scroll_002dstep-376"></a>The number of lines to scroll when the cursor moves out of the window. Scrolling happens automatically if the cursor has moved out of the visible portion of the node text when it is time to display. Usually the scrolling is done so as to put the cursor on the center line of the @@ -1390,10 +1430,10 @@ nonzero value, Info attempts to scroll the node text by that many lines; if that is enough to bring the cursor back into the window, that is what is done. The default value of this variable is 0, thus placing the cursor (and the text it is attached to) in the center of the window. -Setting this variable to 1 causes a kind of "smooth scrolling" which +Setting this variable to 1 causes a kind of “smooth scrolling” which some people prefer. - <br><dt><code>show-index-match</code><dd><a name="index-show_002dindex_002dmatch-372"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, the portion of the matched search string is + <br><dt><code>show-index-match</code><dd><a name="index-show_002dindex_002dmatch-377"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, the portion of the matched search string is highlighted in the message which explains where the matched search string was found. The default value of this variable is <code>On</code>. When Info displays the location where an index match was found, @@ -1401,7 +1441,7 @@ When Info displays the location where an index match was found, string that you had typed is highlighted by displaying it in the inverse case from its surrounding characters. - <br><dt><code>visible-bell</code><dd><a name="index-visible_002dbell-373"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, GNU Info attempts to flash the screen instead of + <br><dt><code>visible-bell</code><dd><a name="index-visible_002dbell-378"></a>When set to <code>On</code>, GNU Info attempts to flash the screen instead of ringing the bell. This variable is <code>Off</code> by default. Of course, Info can only flash the screen if the terminal allows it; in the case that the terminal does not allow it, the setting of this variable has no @@ -1412,27 +1452,28 @@ effect. However, you can make Info perform quietly by setting the <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Custom-Key-Bindings"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>, +<a name="Custom-Key-Bindings"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Variables">Variables</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">12 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables</h2> -<p><a name="index-default-key-bindings_002c-overriding-374"></a><a name="index-overriding-default-key-bindings-375"></a><a name="index-customizing-key-bindings-376"></a><a name="index-key-bindings_002c-customizing-377"></a><a name="index-infokey-378"></a><a name="index-_002einfo-379"></a><a name="index-_002einfokey-380"></a><a name="index-_005finfo-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-381"></a> -For those whose editor/pager of choice is not Emacs and who are not -entirely satisfied with the –vi-keys option (see <a href="#_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>), GNU -Info provides a way to define different key-to-command bindings and -variable settings from the defaults described in this document. +<p><a name="index-default-key-bindings_002c-overriding-379"></a><a name="index-overriding-default-key-bindings-380"></a><a name="index-customizing-key-bindings-381"></a><a name="index-key-bindings_002c-customizing-382"></a><a name="index-infokey-383"></a><a name="index-g_t_002einfo-384"></a><a name="index-g_t_002einfokey-385"></a><a name="index-g_t_005finfo-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-386"></a> +GNU Info provides a way to define arbitrary key-to-command bindings +and variable settings, overriding the defaults described in this +document. (The <samp><span class="option">--vi-keys</span></samp> option rebinds many keys at once; +see <a href="#g_t_002d_002dvi_002dkeys">–vi-keys</a>.) <p>On startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker's -HOME directory called <span class="file">.info</span><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-7" name="fnd-7"><sup>7</sup></a>. If it is present, and +HOME directory called <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-7" name="fnd-7"><sup>7</sup></a>. If it is present, and appears to contain Info configuration data, and was created with the current version of the <code>infokey</code> command, then Info adopts the key bindings and variable settings contained therein. - <p>The <span class="file">.info</span> file contains compact, non-textual data for reasons of + <p>The <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp> file contains compact, non-textual data for reasons of efficiency and because its design was lifted wholesale from the GNU Less program, which also does it that way. It must be created by compiling a textual source file using the <code>infokey</code> command. @@ -1444,39 +1485,41 @@ textual source file using the <code>infokey</code> command. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Invoking-infokey"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a>, +<a name="Invoking-infokey"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">12.1 Invoking <span class="command">infokey</span></h3> +<h3 class="section">12.1 Invoking <samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp></h3> -<p><a name="index-invoking-infokey-382"></a><a name="index-infokey_002c-invoking-383"></a><a name="index-_005finfokey-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-384"></a> -<span class="command">infokey</span> compiles a source file -(<span class="file">$HOME/.infokey</span><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-8" name="fnd-8"><sup>8</sup></a> by default) containing Info customizations -into a binary format (<span class="file">$HOME/.info</span> by default). GNU Info reads +<p><a name="index-invoking-infokey-387"></a><a name="index-infokey_002c-invoking-388"></a><a name="index-g_t_005finfokey-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-389"></a> +<samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp> compiles a source file +(<samp><span class="file">$HOME/.infokey</span></samp><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-8" name="fnd-8"><sup>8</sup></a> by default) containing Info customizations +into a binary format (<samp><span class="file">$HOME/.info</span></samp> by default). GNU Info reads the binary file at startup to override the default key bindings and variable definitions. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> infokey [<var>option</var>...] [<var>input-file</var>] </pre> - <p>Besides the standard <span class="option">--help</span> and <span class="option">--version</span>, the only -option is <span class="option">--output </span><var>file</var>. This tells <span class="command">infokey</span> to -write the binary data to <var>file</var> instead of <span class="file">$HOME/.info</span>. + <p>Besides the standard <samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">--version</span></samp>, the only +option is <samp><span class="option">--output </span><var>file</var></samp>. This tells <samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp> to +write the binary data to <var>file</var> instead of <samp><span class="file">$HOME/.info</span></samp>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="infokey-source-format"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a>, +<a name="infokey-source-format"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">12.2 <span class="command">infokey</span> source format</h3> +<h3 class="section">12.2 <samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp> source format</h3> -<p><a name="index-infokey-source-format-385"></a><a name="index-_002einfokey-source-format-386"></a><a name="index-format-of-_002einfokey-source-387"></a> -The format of the source file read by <span class="command">infokey</span> is most easily -illustrated by example. For instance, here is a sample <span class="file">.infokey</span> -source file suitable for aficionados of <span class="command">vi</span> or <span class="command">less</span>: +<p><a name="index-infokey-source-format-390"></a><a name="index-g_t_002einfokey-source-format-391"></a><a name="index-format-of-_002einfokey-source-392"></a> +The format of the source file read by <samp><span class="command">infokey</span></samp> is most easily +illustrated by example. For instance, here is a sample <samp><span class="file">.infokey</span></samp> +source file suitable for aficionados of <samp><span class="command">vi</span></samp> or <samp><span class="command">less</span></samp>: <pre class="example"> #info j next-line @@ -1517,7 +1560,7 @@ file, the <code>#info</code> line can be omitted. The rest of this section consists of lines of the form: <pre class="example"> <var>string</var> whitespace <var>action</var> [ whitespace [ # comment ] ] newline - </pre> +</pre> <p>Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. Comment is any sequence of any characters, excluding newline. <var>string</var> is the key sequence which invokes the action. <var>action</var> is the name of @@ -1567,9 +1610,9 @@ are included in the value. <p>Blank lines and lines starting with <code>#</code> are ignored, except for the special section header lines. - <p>Key bindings defined in the <span class="file">.info</span> file take precedence over GNU -Info's default key bindings, whether or not <span class="samp">--vi-keys</span> is used. A -default key binding may be disabled by overriding it in the <span class="file">.info</span> + <p>Key bindings defined in the <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp> file take precedence over GNU +Info's default key bindings, whether or not ‘<samp><span class="samp">--vi-keys</span></samp>’ is used. A +default key binding may be disabled by overriding it in the <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp> file with the action <code>invalid</code>. In addition, <em>all</em> default key bindings can be disabled by adding this line <em>anywhere</em> in the relevant section: @@ -1584,7 +1627,7 @@ key bindings, you must supply enough new key bindings to enable all necessary actions. Failure to bind any key to the <code>quit</code> command, for example, can lead to frustration. - <p>The order in which key bindings are defined in the <span class="file">.info</span> file is + <p>The order in which key bindings are defined in the <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp> file is not important, except that the command summary produced by the <code>get-help-window</code> command only displays the <em>first</em> key that is bound to each command. @@ -1592,506 +1635,76 @@ is bound to each command. <!-- the following is incomplete --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Copying-This-Manual"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, +<a name="Index"></a> Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> -</div> - -<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Copying This Manual</h2> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: License for copying this manual. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a> -<br> -</div> - -<h3 class="appendixsec">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</h3> - -<p><a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-388"></a><div align="center">Version 1.2, November 2002</div> - -<pre class="display"> Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. -</pre> - <ol type=1 start=0> -<li>PREAMBLE - - <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other -functional and useful document <dfn>free</dfn> in the sense of freedom: to -assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, -with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. -Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way -to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible -for modifications made by others. - - <p>This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative -works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It -complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft -license designed for free software. - - <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free -software, because free software needs free documentation: a free -program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the -software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; -it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or -whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License -principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. - - <li>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS - - <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that -contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be -distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a -world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that -work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, -refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a -licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you -copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission -under copyright law. - - <p>A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the -Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with -modifications and/or translated into another language. - - <p>A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section -of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the -publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall -subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall -directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in -part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain -any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical -connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, -commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding -them. - - <p>The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles -are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice -that says that the Document is released under this License. If a -section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not -allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero -Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant -Sections then there are none. - - <p>The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, -as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that -the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may -be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. - - <p>A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, -represented in a format whose specification is available to the -general public, that is suitable for revising the document -straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of -pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available -drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or -for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input -to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file -format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart -or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. -An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount -of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. - - <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain -<span class="sc">ascii</span> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input -format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available -<acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>, -PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification. Examples -of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and -<acronym>JPG</acronym>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be -read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or -<acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are -not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>, -PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for -output purposes only. - - <p>The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, -plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material -this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in -formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means -the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, -preceding the beginning of the body of the text. - - <p>A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose -title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following -text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a -specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, -“Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” -of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a -section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. - - <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which -states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty -Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this -License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other -implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has -no effect on the meaning of this License. - - <li>VERBATIM COPYING - - <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either -commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the -copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies -to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other -conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use -technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further -copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept -compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough -number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. - - <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and -you may publicly display copies. - - <li>COPYING IN QUANTITY - - <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have -printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the -Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the -copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover -Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on -the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify -you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present -the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and -visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. -Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve -the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated -as verbatim copying in other respects. - - <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit -legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit -reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent -pages. - - <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering -more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent -copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy -a computer-network location from which the general network-using -public has access to download using public-standard network protocols -a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. -If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, -when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure -that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated -location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an -Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that -edition to the public. - - <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the -Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give -them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. - - <li>MODIFICATIONS - - <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under -the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release -the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified -Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution -and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy -of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: - - <ol type=A start=1> -<li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct -from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions -(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section -of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version -if the original publisher of that version gives permission. - - <li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities -responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified -Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the -Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), -unless they release you from this requirement. - - <li>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the -Modified Version, as the publisher. - - <li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. - - <li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications -adjacent to the other copyright notices. - - <li>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice -giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the -terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. - - <li>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections -and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. - - <li>Include an unaltered copy of this License. - - <li>Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add -to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and -publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If -there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one -stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as -given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified -Version as stated in the previous sentence. - - <li>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for -public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise -the network locations given in the Document for previous versions -it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. -You may omit a network location for a work that was published at -least four years before the Document itself, or if the original -publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. - - <li>For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve -the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the -substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or -dedications given therein. - - <li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, -unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers -or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. - - <li>Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section -may not be included in the Modified Version. - - <li>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or -to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. - - <li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. - </ol> - - <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or -appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material -copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all -of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the -list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. -These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. - - <p>You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains -nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various -parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has -been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a -standard. - - <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a -passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list -of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of -Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or -through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already -includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or -by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, -you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit -permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. - - <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License -give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or -imply endorsement of any Modified Version. - - <li>COMBINING DOCUMENTS - - <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this -License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified -versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the -Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and -list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its -license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. - - <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and -multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single -copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but -different contents, make the title of each such section unique by -adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original -author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. -Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of -Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. - - <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” -in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled -“History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, -and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all -sections Entitled “Endorsements.” - - <li>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS - - <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents -released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this -License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in -the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for -verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. - - <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute -it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this -License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all -other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. - - <li>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS - - <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate -and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or -distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright -resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights -of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. -When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not -apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves -derivative works of the Document. - - <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these -copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of -the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on -covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the -electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. -Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole -aggregate. - - <li>TRANSLATION - - <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may -distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. -Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special -permission from their copyright holders, but you may include -translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the -original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a -translation of this License, and all the license notices in the -Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include -the original English version of this License and the original versions -of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between -the translation and the original version of this License or a notice -or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. - - <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, -“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve -its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual -title. - - <li>TERMINATION - - <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except -as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to -copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will -automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, -parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this -License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such -parties remain in full compliance. - - <li>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE - - <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions -of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new -versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may -differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See -<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>. - - <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. -If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this -License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of -following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or -of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the -Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version -number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not -as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. - </ol> - -<h4 class="appendixsubsec">A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h4> - -<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of -the License in the document and put the following copyright and -license notices just after the title page: - -<pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>. - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document - under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 - or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; - with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover - Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU - Free Documentation License''. -</pre> - <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, -replace the “with...Texts.” line with this: - -<pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with - the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts - being <var>list</var>. -</pre> - <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other -combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the -situation. - - <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of -free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, -to permit their use in free software. - -<!-- Local Variables: --> -<!-- ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" --> -<!-- End: --> -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="Index"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> </div> -<h2 class="appendix">Appendix B Index</h2> +<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Index</h2> <ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-_0027_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-137"><code>', vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002c-199"><code>,</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d-341"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_002d_002dsubnodes_007d_002c-command-line-option-30"><code>--subnodes</code>, command line option</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002einfo-379">.info</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002einfokey-380">.infokey</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002einfokey-source-format-386">.infokey source format</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002f-175"><code>/</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-0-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-338"><code>0 ... 9, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-0_002c-in-Info-windows-209"><code>0, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-204">1 <small class="dots">...</small> 9, in Info windows</a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003c-145"><code><</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003e-148"><code>></code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003f_002c-in-Info-windows-327"><code>?, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003f_002c-in-the-echo-area-311"><code>?, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-177"><code>?, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005b-153"><code>[</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005d-151"><code>]</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005finfo-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-381">_info file (MS-DOS)</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005finfokey-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-384">_infokey file (MS-DOS)</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-abort_002dkey-349"><code>abort-key</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-add_002ddigit_002dto_002dnumeric_002darg-339"><code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0027_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-137"><code>', vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002c-202"><code>,</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-344"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_002d_002dsubnodes_007d_002c-command-line-option-30"><code>--subnodes</code>, command line option</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002einfo-384">.info</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002einfokey-385">.infokey</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002einfokey-source-format-391">.infokey source format</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f-175"><code>/</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t0-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-341"><code>0 ... 9, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t0_002c-in-Info-windows-212"><code>0, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t1-_0040dots_007b_007d-9_002c-in-Info-windows-207">1 <small class="dots">...</small> 9, in Info windows</a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-145"><code><</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003e-148"><code>></code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003f_002c-in-Info-windows-330"><code>?, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003f_002c-in-the-echo-area-314"><code>?, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-178"><code>?, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005b-153"><code>[</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005d-151"><code>]</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005finfo-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-386">_info file (MS-DOS)</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005finfokey-file-_0028MS_002dDOS_0029-389">_infokey file (MS-DOS)</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-abort_002dkey-352"><code>abort-key</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-add_002ddigit_002dto_002dnumeric_002darg-342"><code>add-digit-to-numeric-arg</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ANSI-escape-sequences-in-documents-25">ANSI escape sequences in documents</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Apropos_0040r_007b_002c-in-Info-files_007d-8">Apropos<span class="roman">, in Info files</span></a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-arguments_002c-command-line-5">arguments, command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-arguments_002c-negative-343">arguments, negative</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-automatic_002dfootnotes-364"><code>automatic-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-automatic_002dtiling-365"><code>automatic-tiling</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-arguments_002c-negative-346">arguments, negative</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-automatic_002dfootnotes-367"><code>automatic-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-automatic_002dtiling-368"><code>automatic-tiling</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-b_002c-in-Info-windows-63"><code>b, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-b_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-90"><code>b, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BackTab_002c-in-Info-windows-225"><code>BackTab, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BackTab_002c-in-the-echo-area-290"><code>BackTab, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BackTab_002c-in-Info-windows-228"><code>BackTab, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BackTab_002c-in-the-echo-area-293"><code>BackTab, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-backward_002dchar-56"><code>backward-char</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-backward_002dword-62"><code>backward-word</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-beginning_002dof_002dline-47"><code>beginning-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-beginning_002dof_002dnode-67"><code>beginning-of-node</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-BS-_0028backspace_0029-116"><code>BS (backspace)</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002da_002c-in-Info-windows-45"><code>C-a, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002da_002c-in-the-echo-area-258"><code>C-a, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002da_002c-in-the-echo-area-261"><code>C-a, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-in-Info-windows-54"><code>C-b, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-255"><code>C-b, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-258"><code>C-b, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-91"><code>C-b, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dCENTER-136"><code>C-CENTER</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-271"><code>C-d, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-274"><code>C-d, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-109"><code>C-d, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-in-Info-windows-48"><code>C-e, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-in-the-echo-area-261"><code>C-e, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-in-the-echo-area-264"><code>C-e, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002de_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-96"><code>C-e, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dEnd-70"><code>C-End</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-in-Info-windows-51"><code>C-f, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-250"><code>C-f, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-253"><code>C-f, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-79"><code>C-f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dg_002c-in-Info-windows-347"><code>C-g, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dg_002c-in-the-echo-area-276"><code>C-g, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dh-326"><code>C-h</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dg_002c-in-Info-windows-350"><code>C-g, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dg_002c-in-the-echo-area-279"><code>C-g, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dh-329"><code>C-h</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dHome-65"><code>C-Home</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dk_002c-in-the-echo-area-299"><code>C-k, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dk_002c-in-the-echo-area-302"><code>C-k, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dk_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-105"><code>C-k, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dl-117"><code>C-l</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dLEFT-61"><code>C-LEFT</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dLEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-270"><code>C-LEFT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dLEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-273"><code>C-LEFT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dn-39"><code>C-n</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dn_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-95"><code>C-n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dNEXT-123"><code>C-NEXT</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> @@ -2100,332 +1713,336 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-C_002dPgDn-126"><code>C-PgDn</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dPgUp-130"><code>C-PgUp</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dPREVIOUS-128"><code>C-PREVIOUS</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dq_002c-in-the-echo-area-281"><code>C-q, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dr-193"><code>C-r</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dq_002c-in-the-echo-area-284"><code>C-q, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dr-196"><code>C-r</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dRIGHT-58"><code>C-RIGHT</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dRIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-267"><code>C-RIGHT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002ds-190"><code>C-s</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dt_002c-in-the-echo-area-291"><code>C-t, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002du-335"><code>C-u</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002du-cancels-typeahead_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-348"><code>C-u cancels typeahead, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002du_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-277"><code>C-u, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dRIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-270"><code>C-RIGHT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002ds-193"><code>C-s</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dt_002c-in-the-echo-area-294"><code>C-t, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du-338"><code>C-u</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du-cancels-typeahead_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-351"><code>C-u cancels typeahead, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002du_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-280"><code>C-u, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002du_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-112"><code>C-u, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dUP-132"><code>C-UP</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dv-78"><code>C-v</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-282"><code>C-v, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-285"><code>C-v, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dw-119"><code>C-w</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-0-238"><code>C-x 0</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-1-240"><code>C-x 1</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-2-235"><code>C-x 2</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-_005e-244"><code>C-x ^</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-0-241"><code>C-x 0</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-1-243"><code>C-x 1</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-2-238"><code>C-x 2</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-_005e-247"><code>C-x ^</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-b-171"><code>C-x b</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002db-169"><code>C-x C-b</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002dc-352"><code>C-x C-c</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002dc-355"><code>C-x C-c</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-C_002df-167"><code>C-x C-f</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-301"><code>C-x DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-304"><code>C-x DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-156"><code>C-x g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-k-165"><code>C-x k</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-N-187"><code>C-x N</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-n-183"><code>C-x n</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-N-190"><code>C-x N</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-n-186"><code>C-x n</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-124"><code>C-x n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-o-231"><code>C-x o</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-r_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-218"><code>C-x r, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-t-247"><code>C-x t</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-o-234"><code>C-x o</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-r_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-221"><code>C-x r, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dx-t-250"><code>C-x t</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dx-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-133"><code>C-x u, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-C_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-303"><code>C-y, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-306"><code>C-y, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dy_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-106"><code>C-y, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cancelling-the-current-operation-346">cancelling the current operation</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cancelling-typeahead-345">cancelling typeahead</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-case_002dsensitive-search-182">case-sensitive search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-case_002dsensitivity_002c-and-search-203">case-sensitivity, and search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cancelling-the-current-operation-349">cancelling the current operation</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cancelling-typeahead-348">cancelling typeahead</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-case_002dsensitive-search-185">case-sensitive search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-case_002dsensitivity_002c-and-search-206">case-sensitivity, and search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-colors-in-documents-24">colors in documents</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-command-line-options-3">command line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options_002c-how-to-find-27">command-line options, how to find</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-commands_002c-describing-321">commands, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-completion-307">completion</a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-commands_002c-describing-324">commands, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-completion-310">completion</a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compressed-Info-files-16">compressed Info files</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cursor_002c-moving-37">cursor, moving</a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-customizing-key-bindings-376">customizing key bindings</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-customizing-key-bindings-381">customizing key bindings</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-d-142"><code>d</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-d_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-108"><code>d, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-default-key-bindings_002c-overriding-374">default key bindings, overriding</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-default-key-bindings_002c-overriding-379">default key bindings, overriding</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DEL_002c-in-Info-windows-86"><code>DEL, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-274"><code>DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-delete_002dwindow-239"><code>delete-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-describe_002dcommand-322"><code>describe-command</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-describe_002dkey-324"><code>describe-key</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-describe_002dvariable-363"><code>describe-variable</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-277"><code>DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-delete_002dwindow-242"><code>delete-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-describe_002dcommand-325"><code>describe-command</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-describe_002dkey-327"><code>describe-key</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-describe_002dvariable-366"><code>describe-variable</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dir_002dnode-144"><code>dir-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-directory-path-9">directory path</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DOWN-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-40"><code>DOWN (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DOWN_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-99"><code>DOWN, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-down_002dline-100"><code>down-line</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-e_002c-in-Info-windows-69"><code>e, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo-area-249">echo area</a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dabort-278"><code>echo-area-abort</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward-257"><code>echo-area-backward</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dline-302"><code>echo-area-backward-kill-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dword-297"><code>echo-area-backward-kill-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dword-269"><code>echo-area-backward-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbeg_002dof_002dline-260"><code>echo-area-beg-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dcomplete-310"><code>echo-area-complete</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002ddelete-273"><code>echo-area-delete</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dend_002dof_002dline-263"><code>echo-area-end-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dforward-253"><code>echo-area-forward</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dforward_002dword-266"><code>echo-area-forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dinsert-285"><code>echo-area-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dline-300"><code>echo-area-kill-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dword-295"><code>echo-area-kill-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dnewline-280"><code>echo-area-newline</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dpossible_002dcompletions-312"><code>echo-area-possible-completions</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dquoted_002dinsert-283"><code>echo-area-quoted-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002drubout-275"><code>echo-area-rubout</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dscroll_002dcompletions_002dwindow-314"><code>echo-area-scroll-completions-window</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dtab_002dinsert-288"><code>echo-area-tab-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dtranspose_002dchars-292"><code>echo-area-transpose-chars</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dyank-304"><code>echo-area-yank</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dyank_002dpop-306"><code>echo-area-yank-pop</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo-area-252">echo area</a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dabort-281"><code>echo-area-abort</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward-260"><code>echo-area-backward</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dline-305"><code>echo-area-backward-kill-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dkill_002dword-300"><code>echo-area-backward-kill-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbackward_002dword-272"><code>echo-area-backward-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dbeg_002dof_002dline-263"><code>echo-area-beg-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dcomplete-313"><code>echo-area-complete</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002ddelete-276"><code>echo-area-delete</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dend_002dof_002dline-266"><code>echo-area-end-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dforward-256"><code>echo-area-forward</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dforward_002dword-269"><code>echo-area-forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dinsert-288"><code>echo-area-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dline-303"><code>echo-area-kill-line</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dkill_002dword-298"><code>echo-area-kill-word</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dnewline-283"><code>echo-area-newline</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dpossible_002dcompletions-315"><code>echo-area-possible-completions</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dquoted_002dinsert-286"><code>echo-area-quoted-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002drubout-278"><code>echo-area-rubout</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dscroll_002dcompletions_002dwindow-317"><code>echo-area-scroll-completions-window</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dtab_002dinsert-291"><code>echo-area-tab-insert</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dtranspose_002dchars-295"><code>echo-area-transpose-chars</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dyank-307"><code>echo-area-yank</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-echo_002darea_002dyank_002dpop-309"><code>echo-area-yank-pop</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-End-49"><code>End</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-end_002dof_002dline-50"><code>end-of-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-end_002dof_002dnode-71"><code>end-of-node</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-errors_002dring_002dbell-366"><code>errors-ring-bell</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002df-357"><code>ESC C-f</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-Info-windows-242"><code>ESC C-v, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area-313"><code>ESC C-v, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-f-215"><code>f</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-errors_002dring_002dbell-369"><code>errors-ring-bell</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002df-360"><code>ESC C-f</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-Info-windows-245"><code>ESC C-v, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ESC-C_002dv_002c-in-the-echo-area-316"><code>ESC C-v, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-f-218"><code>f</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-f_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-80"><code>f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-F1-328"><code>F1</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-388">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-F1-331"><code>F1</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-file-names_002c-relative-14">file names, relative</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-file_002c-outputting-to-22">file, outputting to</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-files_002c-compressed-17">files, compressed</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-find_002dmenu-214"><code>find-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-find_002dmenu-217"><code>find-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-finding-the-Invocation-node-161">finding the Invocation node</a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-first_002dnode-147"><code>first-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-displaying-359">footnotes, displaying</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-format-of-_002einfokey-source-387">format of .infokey source</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-displaying-362">footnotes, displaying</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-format-of-_002einfokey-source-392">format of .infokey source</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> <li><a href="#index-forward_002dchar-53"><code>forward-char</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-forward_002dword-59"><code>forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-functions_002c-describing-320">functions, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g-155"><code>g</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-functions_002c-describing-323">functions, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-G-162"><code>G</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g-155"><code>g</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-G_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-149"><code>G, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-146"><code>g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gc_002dcompressed_002dfiles-367"><code>gc-compressed-files</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-get_002dhelp_002dwindow-330"><code>get-help-window</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-get_002dinfo_002dhelp_002dnode-333"><code>get-info-help-node</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gc_002dcompressed_002dfiles-370"><code>gc-compressed-files</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-get_002dhelp_002dwindow-333"><code>get-help-window</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-get_002dinfo_002dhelp_002dnode-336"><code>get-info-help-node</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-global_002dnext_002dnode-152"><code>global-next-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-global_002dprev_002dnode-154"><code>global-prev-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-goto_002dinvocation-160"><code>goto-invocation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-goto_002dnode-157"><code>goto-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-grow_002dwindow-245"><code>grow-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-h-331"><code>h</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-h_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-329"><code>h, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-grow_002dwindow-248"><code>grow-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-h-334"><code>h</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-h_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-332"><code>h, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-history_002dnode-138"><code>history-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Home-46"><code>Home</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-i-195"><code>i</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-i-198"><code>i</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-I-159"><code>I</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-incremental-search-192">incremental search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-incremental-search-195">incremental search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-index-search_002c-selecting-from-the-command-line-19">index search, selecting from the command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-index_002c-searching-197">index, searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-index_002dapropos-201"><code>index-apropos</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-index_002dsearch-196"><code>index-search</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002c-searching-200">index, searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002dapropos-204"><code>index-apropos</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002dsearch-199"><code>index-search</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-file_002c-selecting-12">Info file, selecting</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-files_002c-compressed-18">Info files, compressed</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-files_002c-relative-15">Info files, relative</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-files_0040r_007b_002c-searching-all-indices_007d-7">Info files<span class="roman">, searching all indices</span></a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-manual-location-34">Info manual location</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002c-invoking-1">Info, invoking</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-INFO_005fPRINT_005fCOMMAND_002c-environment-variable-317">INFO_PRINT_COMMAND, environment variable</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-infokey-378">infokey</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-infokey-source-format-385">infokey source format</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-infokey_002c-invoking-383">infokey, invoking</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-INFO_005fPRINT_005fCOMMAND_002c-environment-variable-320">INFO_PRINT_COMMAND, environment variable</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-infokey-383">infokey</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-infokey-source-format-390">infokey source format</a>: <a href="#infokey-source-format">infokey source format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-infokey_002c-invoking-388">infokey, invoking</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> <li><a href="#index-invocation-description_002c-how-to-find-28">invocation description, how to find</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-invoking-Info-2">invoking Info</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-invoking-infokey-382">invoking infokey</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dbackward-194"><code>isearch-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dforward-191"><code>isearch-forward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ISO-Latin-characters-368">ISO Latin characters</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ISO_002dLatin-369"><code>ISO-Latin</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-invoking-infokey-387">invoking infokey</a>: <a href="#Invoking-infokey">Invoking infokey</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dbackward-197"><code>isearch-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dforward-194"><code>isearch-forward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-Latin-characters-371">ISO Latin characters</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO_002dLatin-372"><code>ISO-Latin</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-k_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-104"><code>k, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-keep_002done_002dwindow-241"><code>keep-one-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-key-bindings_002c-customizing-377">key bindings, customizing</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-keys_002c-describing-323">keys, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-keep_002done_002dwindow-244"><code>keep-one-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-key-bindings_002c-customizing-382">key bindings, customizing</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-keys_002c-describing-326">keys, describing</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-keystrokes_002c-recording-10">keystrokes, recording</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-kill_002dnode-166"><code>kill-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-l-135"><code>l</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-last_002dmenu_002ditem-211"><code>last-menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-last_002dmenu_002ditem-214"><code>last-menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-last_002dnode-150"><code>last-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-LEFT-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-55"><code>LEFT (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-254"><code>LEFT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LEFT_002c-in-the-echo-area-257"><code>LEFT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Less_002dlike-key-bindings-33">Less-like key bindings</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-LFD_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-98"><code>LFD, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-list_002dvisited_002dnodes-170"><code>list-visited-nodes</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-local-printer-device-319">local printer device</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-m-212"><code>m</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002d_0024_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-262"><code>M-$, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002d_002d-340"><code>M--</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002d0-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9-337"><code>M-0 ... M-9</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002d0_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-259"><code>M-0, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002d0_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-210"><code>M-0, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-205">M-1 <small class="dots">...</small> M-9, vi-like operation</a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-local-printer-device-322">local printer device</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-m-215"><code>m</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d_0024_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-265"><code>M-$, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d_002d-343"><code>M--</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d0-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9-340"><code>M-0 ... M-9</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d0_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-262"><code>M-0, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d0_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-213"><code>M-0, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002d1-_0040dots_007b_007d-M_002d9_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-208">M-1 <small class="dots">...</small> M-9, vi-like operation</a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002d_003c-64"><code>M-<</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002d_003e-68"><code>M-></code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-in-Info-windows-60"><code>M-b, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-268"><code>M-b, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-in-the-echo-area-271"><code>M-b, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002db_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-66"><code>M-b, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dBS_002c-in-the-echo-area-298"><code>M-BS, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-293"><code>M-d, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dBS_002c-in-the-echo-area-301"><code>M-BS, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dd_002c-in-the-echo-area-296"><code>M-d, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002dd_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-143"><code>M-d, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dDEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-296"><code>M-DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dDEL_002c-in-the-echo-area-299"><code>M-DEL, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-in-Info-windows-57"><code>M-f, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-264"><code>M-f, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-217"><code>M-f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dg_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-227"><code>M-g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dh_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-252"><code>M-h, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dh_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-332"><code>M-h, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dl_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-256"><code>M-l, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-in-the-echo-area-267"><code>M-f, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002df_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-220"><code>M-f, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dg_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-230"><code>M-g, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dh_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-255"><code>M-h, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dh_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-335"><code>M-h, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dl_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-259"><code>M-l, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002dr-72"><code>M-r</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002dSPC_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-81"><code>M-SPC, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002dt_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-140"><code>M-t, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-222"><code>M-TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-286"><code>M-TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-225"><code>M-TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-289"><code>M-TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-M_002dv-89"><code>M-v</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dw_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-265"><code>M-w, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dx_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-272"><code>M-x, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dX_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-294"><code>M-X, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-305"><code>M-y, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dw_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-268"><code>M-w, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dX_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-297"><code>M-X, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dx_002c-in-the-echo-area_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-275"><code>M-x, in the echo area, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dy_002c-in-the-echo-area-308"><code>M-y, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-menu_002c-following-36">menu, following</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-menu_002c-following_002c-from-inside-Info-164">menu, following, from inside Info</a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-menu_002ddigit-208"><code>menu-digit</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-menu_002ditem-213"><code>menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002ddigit-211"><code>menu-digit</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu_002ditem-216"><code>menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-menu_002dsequence-163"><code>menu-sequence</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dnext_002dxref-221"><code>move-to-next-xref</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dprev_002dxref-223"><code>move-to-prev-xref</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dnext_002dxref-224"><code>move-to-next-xref</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dprev_002dxref-226"><code>move-to-prev-xref</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-move_002dto_002dwindow_002dline-73"><code>move-to-window-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-moving-the-cursor-38">moving the cursor</a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-n-122"><code>n</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-184"><code>n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-negative-arguments-342">negative arguments</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-n_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-187"><code>n, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-negative-arguments-345">negative arguments</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-NEXT-77"><code>NEXT</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-next_002dindex_002dmatch-200"><code>next-index-match</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002dindex_002dmatch-203"><code>next-index-match</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-next_002dline-41"><code>next-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-next_002dnode-125"><code>next-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-next_002dwindow-232"><code>next-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002dwindow-235"><code>next-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> <li><a href="#index-node_002c-selecting-from-the-command-line-21">node, selecting from the command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-nodes_002c-selection-of-121">nodes, selection of</a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-numeric-arguments-334">numeric arguments</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-numeric-arguments_002c-negative-344">numeric arguments, negative</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-numeric-arguments-337">numeric arguments</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-numeric-arguments_002c-negative-347">numeric arguments, negative</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-O-158"><code>O</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-online-help_002c-using-Info-as-20">online help, using Info as</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-options_002c-command-line-4">options, command line</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-outputting-to-a-file-23">outputting to a file</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-overriding-default-key-bindings-375">overriding default key bindings</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-overriding-default-key-bindings-380">overriding default key bindings</a>: <a href="#Custom-Key-Bindings">Custom Key Bindings</a></li> <li><a href="#index-p-127"><code>p</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PageDown-83"><code>PageDown</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PageUp-115"><code>PageUp</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-prev_002dline-44"><code>prev-line</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-prev_002dnode-129"><code>prev-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prev_002dwindow-233"><code>prev-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-prev_002dwindow-236"><code>prev-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PREVIOUS-88"><code>PREVIOUS</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-print_002dnode-316"><code>print-node</code></a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printing-315">printing</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printing-characters_002c-in-the-echo-area-284"><code>printing characters, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printing-nodes-to-the-local-printer-318">printing nodes to the local printer</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-q-351"><code>q</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quit-354"><code>quit</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quitting-350">quitting</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-r-216"><code>r</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-print_002dnode-319"><code>print-node</code></a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printing-318">printing</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printing-characters_002c-in-the-echo-area-287"><code>printing characters, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printing-nodes-to-the-local-printer-321">printing nodes to the local printer</a>: <a href="#Printing-Nodes">Printing Nodes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-q-354"><code>q</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quit-357"><code>quit</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quitting-353">quitting</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-r-219"><code>r</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-R-180"><code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-redraw_002ddisplay-118"><code>redraw-display</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-regular-expression-search-177">regular expression search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-relative-Info-file-names-13">relative Info file names</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-remembering-user-keystrokes-11">remembering user keystrokes</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-repeated-search-186">repeated search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-repeated-search-189">repeated search</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-replaying-recorded-keystrokes-26">replaying recorded keystrokes</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-in-Info-windows-226"><code>RET, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-in-the-echo-area-279"><code>RET, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-in-Info-windows-229"><code>RET, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RET_002c-in-the-echo-area-282"><code>RET, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-RET_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-97"><code>RET, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-RIGHT-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-52"><code>RIGHT (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-RIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-251"><code>RIGHT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-S-179"><code>S</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RIGHT_002c-in-the-echo-area-254"><code>RIGHT, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-S-182"><code>S</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-s-174"><code>s</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-screen_002c-changing-the-height-of-356">screen, changing the height of</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-screen_002c-changing-the-height-of-359">screen, changing the height of</a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbackward-87"><code>scroll-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly-92"><code>scroll-backward-page-only</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbackward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-94"><code>scroll-backward-page-only-set-window</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbehavior-370"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbehavior-373"><code>scroll-behavior</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dbehaviour-374"><code>scroll-behaviour</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dforward-76"><code>scroll-forward</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly-82"><code>scroll-forward-page-only</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dforward_002dpage_002donly_002dset_002dwindow-85"><code>scroll-forward-page-only-set-window</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002ddown-110"><code>scroll-half-screen-down</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scroll_002dhalf_002dscreen_002dup-113"><code>scroll-half-screen-up</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dother_002dwindow-243"><code>scroll-other-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dstep-371"><code>scroll-step</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dlast_002dnode-375"><code>scroll-last-node</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dother_002dwindow-246"><code>scroll-other-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scroll_002dstep-376"><code>scroll-step</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scrolling-74">scrolling</a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-scrolling-through-node-structure-114">scrolling through node structure</a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-search-176"><code>search</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search_002c-and-case_002dsensitivity-202">search, and case-sensitivity</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search_002c-case_002dsensitive-181">search, case-sensitive</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search_002dbackward-178"><code>search-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search_002dcase_002dsensitively-180"><code>search-case-sensitively</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search_002dnext-185"><code>search-next</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-search_002dprevious-189"><code>search-previous</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002c-and-case_002dsensitivity-205">search, and case-sensitivity</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002c-case_002dsensitive-184">search, case-sensitive</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dbackward-179"><code>search-backward</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dcase_002dsensitively-183"><code>search-case-sensitively</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dnext-188"><code>search-next</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-search_002dprevious-192"><code>search-previous</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-searching-173">searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Searching-all-indices-6">Searching all indices</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching_002c-in-the-indices-198">searching, in the indices</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-select_002dreference_002dthis_002dline-228"><code>select-reference-this-line</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching_002c-in-the-indices-201">searching, in the indices</a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-select_002dreference_002dthis_002dline-231"><code>select-reference-this-line</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-select_002dvisited_002dnode-172"><code>select-visited-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-set_002dscreen_002dheight-355"><code>set-screen-height</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-set_002dvariable-361"><code>set-variable</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-224"><code>Shift-TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-287"><code>Shift-TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-show_002dfootnotes-358"><code>show-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-show_002dindex_002dmatch-372"><code>show-index-match</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-set_002dscreen_002dheight-358"><code>set-screen-height</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-set_002dvariable-364"><code>set-variable</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-Info-windows-227"><code>Shift-TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shift_002dTAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-290"><code>Shift-TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-show_002dfootnotes-361"><code>show-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-show_002dindex_002dmatch-377"><code>show-index-match</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-SPC_002c-in-Info-windows-75"><code>SPC, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SPC_002c-in-the-echo-area-309"><code>SPC, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SPC_002c-in-the-echo-area-312"><code>SPC, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> <li><a href="#index-speech-synthesizers-29">speech synthesizers</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-split_002dwindow-236"><code>split-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-split_002dwindow-239"><code>split-window</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> <li><a href="#index-t-139"><code>t</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TAB_002c-in-Info-windows-220"><code>TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-308"><code>TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tile_002dwindows-248"><code>tile-windows</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tiling-246">tiling</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TAB_002c-in-Info-windows-223"><code>TAB, in Info windows</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TAB_002c-in-the-echo-area-311"><code>TAB, in the echo area</code></a>: <a href="#The-Echo-Area">The Echo Area</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tile_002dwindows-251"><code>tile-windows</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tiling-249">tiling</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-toggle_002dregexp-181"><code>toggle-regexp</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-Commands">Searching Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-toggle_002dwrap-120"><code>toggle-wrap</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-top_002dnode-141"><code>top-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-u-131"><code>u</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-u_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-111"><code>u, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-universal_002dargument-336"><code>universal-argument</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-universal_002dargument-339"><code>universal-argument</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-UP-_0028an-arrow-key_0029-43"><code>UP (an arrow key)</code></a>: <a href="#Cursor-Commands">Cursor Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-UP_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-102"><code>UP, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-up_002dline-107"><code>up-line</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-up_002dnode-134"><code>up-node</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-variables_002c-describing-362">variables, describing</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-variables_002c-setting-360">variables, setting</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variables_002c-describing-365">variables, describing</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-variables_002c-setting-363">variables, setting</a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-version-information-31">version information</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-vi_002dlike-key-bindings-32">vi-like key bindings</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> <li><a href="#index-view_002dfile-168"><code>view-file</code></a>: <a href="#Node-Commands">Node Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-visible_002dbell-373"><code>visible-bell</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-visible_002dbell-378"><code>visible-bell</code></a>: <a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-w_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-93"><code>w, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Where-is-an-Info-manual_003f-35">Where is an Info manual?</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Info">Invoking Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-where_002dis-325"><code>where-is</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-creating-234">windows, creating</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-deleting-237">windows, deleting</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-manipulating-229">windows, manipulating</a>: <a href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-selecting-230">windows, selecting</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xref_002ditem-219"><code>xref-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-where_002dis-328"><code>where-is</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-creating-237">windows, creating</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-deleting-240">windows, deleting</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-manipulating-232">windows, manipulating</a>: <a href="#Window-Commands">Window Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-windows_002c-selecting-233">windows, selecting</a>: <a href="#Basic-Windows">Basic Windows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xref_002ditem-222"><code>xref-item</code></a>: <a href="#Selecting-Xrefs">Selecting Xrefs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-y_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-103"><code>y, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-z_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-84"><code>z, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Scrolling-Commands">Scrolling Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ZZ_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-353"><code>ZZ, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ZZ_002c-vi_002dlike-operation-356"><code>ZZ, vi-like operation</code></a>: <a href="#Miscellaneous-Commands">Miscellaneous Commands</a></li> </ul><div class="footnote"> <hr> <a name="texinfo-footnotes-in-document"></a><h4>Footnotes</h4><p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-1" href="#fnd-1">1</a>]</small> -<span class="file">.info</span>, <span class="file">-info</span>, <span class="file">/index</span>, and <span class="file">.inf</span>.</p> +<samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">-info</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">/index</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">.inf</span></samp>.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-2" href="#fnd-2">2</a>]</small> The MS-DOS version allows for the Info extension, such as <code>.inf</code>, and the short compressed file -extensions, such as <span class="file">.z</span> and <span class="file">.gz</span>, to be merged into a single +extensions, such as <samp><span class="file">.z</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, to be merged into a single extension, since DOS doesn't allow more than a single dot in the -basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks for <span class="file">bison</span>, -file names like <span class="file">bison.igz</span> and <span class="file">bison.inz</span> will be found and +basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks for <samp><span class="file">bison</span></samp>, +file names like <samp><span class="file">bison.igz</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">bison.inz</span></samp> will be found and decompressed by <code>gunzip</code>.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-3" href="#fnd-3">3</a>]</small> Of course, you can specify both the file and node @@ -2441,7 +2058,7 @@ bar. The other keys are usually called by the names imprinted on them.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-5" href="#fnd-5">5</a>]</small> <code>M-x</code> is also a command; it -invokes <code>execute-extended-command</code>. See <a href="emacs.html#M_002dx">Executing an extended command (the GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more detailed +invokes <code>execute-extended-command</code>. See <a href="emacs.html#M_002dx">Executing an extended command</a>, for more detailed information.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-6" href="#fnd-6">6</a>]</small> @@ -2450,14 +2067,14 @@ Some people are used to calling these operations <dfn>cut</dfn> and <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-7" href="#fnd-7">7</a>]</small> Due to the limitations of DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of Info looks for a file -<span class="file">_info</span> instead. If the <span class="env">HOME</span> variable is not defined, Info +<samp><span class="file">_info</span></samp> instead. If the <samp><span class="env">HOME</span></samp> variable is not defined, Info additionally looks in the current directory.</p> - <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-8" href="#fnd-8">8</a>]</small> This file is named <span class="file">_infokey</span> in + <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-8" href="#fnd-8">8</a>]</small> This file is named <samp><span class="file">_infokey</span></samp> in the MS-DOS version, and is looked for in the current directory if -<span class="env">HOME</span> is undefined.</p> +<samp><span class="env">HOME</span></samp> is undefined.</p> - <p><hr></div> + <hr></div> </body></html> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.pdf Binary files differindex b12ac9057e7..bfeb98aaff3 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info-stnd.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.html b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.html index c9c89eb97d9..e8379e0a216 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.html @@ -3,27 +3,28 @@ <title>Info</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="Info"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- This file describes how to use Info, the on-line, menu-driven GNU documentation system. -Copyright (C) 1989, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 -Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1989, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, +2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License" in the Emacs manual. (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." + modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Buying copies from GNU + Press supports the FSF in developing GNU and promoting software + freedom." This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free Documentation License. If you want to distribute this @@ -39,8 +40,9 @@ Free Software Foundation, Inc. pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } - span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } - span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } + span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } + span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } + span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } --></style> </head> <body> @@ -65,23 +67,28 @@ Free Software Foundation, Inc. </li></ul> <li><a href="#Help_002dXref">1.7 Following Cross-References</a> <li><a href="#Help_002dInt">1.8 Some intermediate Info commands</a> +<li><a href="#Help_002dQ">1.9 Quitting Info</a> </li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Expert-Info" href="#Expert-Info">2 Info for Experts</a> +<li><a name="toc_Advanced" href="#Advanced">2 Advanced Info Commands</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Advanced">2.1 Advanced Info Commands</a> -<li><a href="#Info-Search">2.2 How to search Info documents for specific subjects</a> -<li><a href="#Add">2.3 Adding a new node to Info</a> -<li><a href="#Menus">2.4 How to Create Menus</a> -<li><a href="#Cross_002drefs">2.5 Creating Cross References</a> +<li><a href="#Search-Text">2.1 <kbd>s</kbd> searches Info documents</a> +<li><a href="#Search-Index">2.2 <kbd>i</kbd> searches the indices for specific subjects</a> +<li><a href="#Go-to-node">2.3 <kbd>g</kbd> goes to a node by name</a> +<li><a href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">2.4 <kbd>1</kbd>–<kbd>9</kbd> choose a menu subtopic by its number</a> +<li><a href="#Create-Info-buffer">2.5 <kbd>M-n</kbd> creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs</a> +<li><a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">2.6 Emacs Info-mode Variables</a> +</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_Expert-Info" href="#Expert-Info">3 Info for Experts</a> +<ul> +<li><a href="#Add">3.1 Adding a new node to Info</a> +<li><a href="#Menus">3.2 How to Create Menus</a> +<li><a href="#Cross_002drefs">3.3 Creating Cross References</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Help_002dCross">2.5.1 The node reached by the cross reference in Info</a> +<li><a href="#Help_002dCross">3.3.1 The node reached by the cross reference in Info</a> </li></ul> -<li><a href="#Help_002dQ">2.6 Quitting Info</a> -<li><a href="#Tags">2.7 Tags Tables for Info Files</a> -<li><a href="#Checking">2.8 Checking an Info File</a> -<li><a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">2.9 Emacs Info-mode Variables</a> +<li><a href="#Tags">3.4 Tags Tables for Info Files</a> +<li><a href="#Checking">3.5 Checking an Info File</a> </li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Creating-an-Info-File" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">3 Creating an Info File from a Texinfo File</a> <li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a> </li></ul> </div> @@ -90,9 +97,10 @@ Free Software Foundation, Inc. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Top"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>, +<a name="Top"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="unnumbered">Info: An Introduction</h2> @@ -101,29 +109,35 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> <dfn>Info format</dfn>, which you read using an <dfn>Info reader</dfn>. You are probably using an Info reader to read this now. + <p>There are two primary Info readers: <code>info</code>, a stand-alone program +designed just to read Info files, and the <code>info</code> package in GNU +Emacs, a general-purpose editor. At present, only the Emacs reader +supports using a mouse. + <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>: Getting started using an Info reader. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a>: Info commands for experts. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>: How to make your own Info file. +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>: Advanced Info commands. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a>: Info commands for experts. <li><a accesskey="4" href="#Index">Index</a>: An index of topics, commands, and variables. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Getting-Started"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a>, +<a name="Getting-Started"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h2 class="chapter">1 Getting Started</h2> -<p>This first part of the Info manual describes how to get around inside +<p>This first part of this Info manual describes how to get around inside of Info. The second part of the manual describes various advanced -Info commands, and how to write an Info as distinct from a Texinfo -file. The third part briefly explains how to generate Info files from -Texinfo files. +Info commands. The third part briefly explains how to generate Info +files from Texinfo files, and describes how to write an Info file +by hand. <p>This manual is primarily designed for browsing with an Info reader program on a computer, so that you can try Info commands while reading @@ -141,7 +155,7 @@ stand-alone program designed just to read Info files. <li>Type <code>emacs</code> at the command line; then type <kbd>C-h i</kbd> (<kbd>Control-h</kbd>, followed by <kbd>i</kbd>). This approach uses the Info -mode of the Emacs program, an editor with many other capabilities. +mode of the Emacs editor. </ol> <p>In either case, then type <kbd>mInfo</kbd> (just the letters), followed by @@ -154,22 +168,24 @@ the screen. <!-- of something-in which case these simple instructions won't work? --> <ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Help_002dSmall_002dScreen">Help-Small-Screen</a>: Starting Info on a Small Screen -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Help">Help</a>: How to use Info -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Help_002dP">Help-P</a>: Returning to the Previous node +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Help_002dSmall_002dScreen">Help-Small-Screen</a>: Starting Info on a Small Screen. +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Help">Help</a>: How to use Info. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Help_002dP">Help-P</a>: Returning to the Previous node. <li><a accesskey="4" href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a>: The Space, DEL, B and ^L commands. <li><a accesskey="5" href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a>: Invisible text in Emacs Info. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a>: Menus -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a>: Following cross-references -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>: Some intermediate Info commands -<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a>: Quitting Info +<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a>: Menus. +<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a>: Following cross-references. +<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>: Some intermediate Info commands. +<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a>: Quitting Info. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dSmall_002dScreen"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help">Help</a>, +<a name="Help-Small-Screen"></a> +<a name="Help_002dSmall_002dScreen"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help">Help</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.1 Starting Info on a Small Screen</h3> @@ -180,20 +196,23 @@ number of lines; most readers pass by it without seeing it.) <p><a name="index-small-screen_002c-moving-around-3"></a>Since your terminal has a relatively small number of lines on its screen, it is necessary to give you special advice at the beginning. - <p>If you see the text <span class="samp">--All----</span> near the bottom right corner -of the screen, it means the entire text you are looking at fits on the -screen. If you see <span class="samp">--Top----</span> instead, it means that there is -more text below that does not fit. To move forward through the text -and see another screen full, press <SPC>, the Space bar. To move -back up, press the key labeled <span class="samp">Backspace</span> or <span class="samp">DEL</span> (on some -keyboards, this key might be labeled <span class="samp">Delete</span>). + <p>If the entire text you are looking at fits on the screen, the text +‘<samp><span class="samp">All</span></samp>’ will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. In the +stand-alone Info reader, it is displayed at the bottom right corner of +the screen; in Emacs, it is displayed on the modeline. If you see the +text ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ instead, it means that there is more text below that +does not fit. To move forward through the text and see another screen +full, press <SPC>, the Space bar. To move back up, press the key +labeled ‘<samp><span class="samp">Backspace</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">DEL</span></samp>’ (on some keyboards, this key +might be labeled ‘<samp><span class="samp">Delete</span></samp>’). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dP">Help-P</a>, +<a name="Help"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dP">Help-P</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dSmall_002dScreen">Help-Small-Screen</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -203,61 +222,63 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> <p>There are two ways to use Info: from within Emacs or as a stand-alone reader that you can invoke from a shell using the command -<span class="command">info</span>. +<samp><span class="command">info</span></samp>. <p><a name="index-node_002c-in-Info-documents-4"></a> Right now you are looking at one <dfn>Node</dfn> of Information. A node contains text describing a specific topic at a specific level of detail. This node's topic is “how to use Info”. The mode -line says that this is node <span class="samp">Help</span> in the file <span class="file">info</span>. +line says that this is node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help</span></samp>’ in the file <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp>. <p><a name="index-header-of-Info-node-5"></a> The top line of a node is its <dfn>header</dfn>. This node's header -(look at it now) says that the <span class="samp">Next</span> node after this one is the -node called <span class="samp">Help-P</span>. An advanced Info command lets you go to +(look at it now) says that the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ node after this one is the +node called ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-P</span></samp>’. An advanced Info command lets you go to any node whose name you know. In the stand-alone Info reader program, -the header line shows the names of this node and the info file as -well. In Emacs, the header line is duplicated in a special typeface, -and the duplicate remains at the top of the window all the time even -if you scroll through the node. +the header line shows the names of this node and the Info file as +well. In Emacs, the header line is displayed with a special typeface, +and remains at the top of the window all the time even if you scroll +through the node. - <p>Besides a <span class="samp">Next</span>, a node can have a <span class="samp">Previous</span> or an -<span class="samp">Up</span> links, or both. As you can see, this node has all of these + <p>Besides a ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, a node can have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ link, or an +‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ link, or both. As you can see, this node has all of these links. - <p><a name="index-n-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-6"></a> Now it is time to move on to the <span class="samp">Next</span> node, named <span class="samp">Help-P</span>. + <p><a name="index-n-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-6"></a> Now it is time to move on to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ node, named ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-P</span></samp>’. <pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>n</kbd> to move there. Type just one character; do not type the quotes and do not type a <RET> afterward. </pre> - <p class="noindent"><span class="samp">>></span> in the margin means it is really time to try a command. + <p class="noindent">‘<samp><span class="samp">>></span></samp>’ in the margin means it is really time to try a command. <pre class="format">>> If you are in Emacs and have a mouse, and if you already practiced - typing <kbd>n</kbd> to get to the next node, click now with the middle - mouse button on the <span class="samp">Next</span> link to do the same “the mouse way”. + typing <kbd>n</kbd> to get to the next node, click now with the left + mouse button on the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ link to do the same “the mouse way”. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dP"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a>, +<a name="Help-P"></a> +<a name="Help_002dP"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help">Help</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">1.3 Returning to the Previous node</h3> -<p><a name="index-p-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-7"></a>This node is called <span class="samp">Help-P</span>. The <span class="samp">Previous</span> node, as you see, -is <span class="samp">Help</span>, which is the one you just came from using the <kbd>n</kbd> +<p><a name="index-p-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-7"></a>This node is called ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-P</span></samp>’. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ node, as you see, +is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help</span></samp>’, which is the one you just came from using the <kbd>n</kbd> command. Another <kbd>n</kbd> command now would take you to the next -node, <span class="samp">Help-^L</span>. +node, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-^L</span></samp>’. -<pre class="format">>> But do not type <kbd>n</kbd> yet. First, try the <kbd>p</kbd> command, - or click the middle mouse button on the <span class="samp">Prev</span> link. That - takes you to the <span class="samp">Previous</span> node. Then use <kbd>n</kbd> to return here. +<pre class="format">>> But do not type <kbd>n</kbd> yet. First, try the <kbd>p</kbd> command, or + (in Emacs) click on the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’ link. That takes you to + the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ node. Then use <kbd>n</kbd> to return here. </pre> - <p>If you read this in Emacs, you will see an <span class="samp">Info</span> item in the + <p>If you read this in Emacs, you will see an ‘<samp><span class="samp">Info</span></samp>’ item in the menu bar, close to its right edge. Clicking the mouse on the -<span class="samp">Info</span> menu-bar item opens a menu of commands which include -<span class="samp">Next</span> and <span class="samp">Prev</span> (and also some others which you didn't yet +‘<samp><span class="samp">Info</span></samp>’ menu-bar item opens a menu of commands which include +‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ (and also some others which you didn't yet learn about). <p>This all probably seems insultingly simple so far, but <em>please @@ -266,29 +287,31 @@ Also, please do not try a new command until you are told it is time to. You could make Info skip past an important warning that was coming up. -<pre class="format">>> Now do an <kbd>n</kbd>, or click the middle mouse button on the <span class="samp">Next</span> - link, to get to the node <span class="samp">Help-^L</span> and learn more. +<pre class="format">>> Now do an <kbd>n</kbd>, or (in Emacs) click the middle mouse button on + the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ link, to get to the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-^L</span></samp>’ and learn more. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002d_005eL"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a>, +<a name="Help-%5eL"></a> +<a name="Help_002d_005eL"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dP">Help-P</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">1.4 The Space, DEL, B and ^L commands</h3> <p>This node's mode line tells you that you are now at node -<span class="samp">Help-^L</span>, and the header line tells you that <kbd>p</kbd> would get -you back to <span class="samp">Help-P</span>. The node's title is highlighted and may be +‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-^L</span></samp>’, and the header line tells you that <kbd>p</kbd> would get +you back to ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-P</span></samp>’. The node's title is highlighted and may be underlined as well; it says what the node is about. <p>This is a big node and it does not all fit on your display screen. You can tell that there is more that is not visible because you -can see the string <span class="samp">--Top-----</span> rather than <span class="samp">--All----</span> near -the bottom right corner of the screen. +can see the text ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ rather than ‘<samp><span class="samp">All</span></samp>’ near the bottom of +the screen. <p><a name="index-SPC-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-8"></a><a name="index-DEL-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-9"></a><a name="index-BACKSPACE-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-10"></a><a name="index-Info_002dscroll_002dup-11"></a><a name="index-Info_002dscroll_002ddown-12"></a> The <SPC>, <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>)<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-1" name="fnd-1"><sup>1</sup></a> and <kbd>b</kbd> commands exist to allow you to “move around” in a node that does not all fit on the @@ -308,7 +331,7 @@ lines above them they may not make it all the way to the bottom. <p>If you are reading this in Emacs, note that the header line is always visible, never scrolling off the display. That way, you can -always see the <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Prev</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> links, and you +always see the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ links, and you can conveniently go to one of these links at any time by clicking the middle mouse button on the link. @@ -327,15 +350,15 @@ the menu, one by one. Once you reach the end of a node, and have seen all of its subnodes, <SPC> takes you to the next node or to the parent's next node. - <p><a name="index-PAGEUP-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-15"></a><a name="index-PAGEDOWN-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-16"></a> Many keyboards nowadays have two scroll keys labeled <span class="samp">PageUp</span> -and <span class="samp">PageDown</span> (or maybe <span class="samp">Prior</span> and <span class="samp">Next</span>). If your + <p><a name="index-PAGEUP-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-15"></a><a name="index-PAGEDOWN-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-16"></a> Many keyboards nowadays have two scroll keys labeled ‘<samp><span class="samp">PageUp</span></samp>’ +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">PageDown</span></samp>’ (or maybe ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prior</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’). If your keyboard has these keys, you can use them to move forward and backward through the text of one node, like <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> (or <DEL>). However, <PAGEUP> and <PAGEDOWN> keys never scroll beyond the beginning or the end of the current node. <p><a name="index-C_002dl-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-17"></a> If your screen is ever garbaged, you can tell Info to display it -again by typing <kbd>C-l</kbd> (<kbd>Control-L</kbd>, that is—hold down +again by typing <kbd>C-l</kbd> (<kbd>Control-L</kbd>—that is, hold down <CTRL> and type <kbd>L</kbd> or <kbd>l</kbd>). <pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>C-l</kbd> now. @@ -349,15 +372,11 @@ the <BACKSPACE> key (or <DEL>) many times. You can also type isn't enough. You may need to shrink your Emacs or Info window.) Then come back, by typing <SPC> one or more times. </pre> - <p>If your screen is very tall, all of this node might fit at once. In -that case, <kbd>b</kbd> won't do anything. But you could observe the -effect of the <kbd>b</kbd> key if you use a smaller window. - - <p><a name="index-_003f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-19"></a><a name="index-Info_002dsummary-20"></a> You have just learned a considerable number of commands. If you + <p><a name="index-g_t_003f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-19"></a><a name="index-Info_002dsummary-20"></a> You have just learned a considerable number of commands. If you want to use one but have trouble remembering which, you should type -a <kbd>?</kbd> (in Emacs it runs the <code>Info-summary</code> command) which -displays a brief list of commands. When you are finished looking at -the list, make it go away by typing a <SPC> repeatedly. +<kbd>?</kbd>, which displays a brief list of commands. When you are +finished looking at the list, make it go away by typing <SPC> +repeatedly. <pre class="format">>> Type a <?> now. Press <SPC> to see consecutive screenfuls of the list until finished. Then type <SPC> several times. If @@ -365,23 +384,25 @@ the list, make it go away by typing a <SPC> repeatedly. </pre> <p>(If you are using the stand-alone Info reader, type <kbd>C-x 0</kbd> to return here, that is—press and hold <CTRL>, type an <kbd>x</kbd>, -then release <CTRL> and <kbd>x</kbd>, and press <kbd>0</kbd>—a zero, not -the letter “o”.) +then release <CTRL> and <kbd>x</kbd>, and press <kbd>0</kbd>; that's a zero, +not the letter “o”.) <p>From now on, you will encounter large nodes without warning, and will be expected to know how to use <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> to move around in them without being told. Since not all terminals have the same size screen, it would be impossible to warn you anyway. -<pre class="format">>> Now type <kbd>n</kbd>, or click the middle mouse button on the <span class="samp">Next</span> link, +<pre class="format">>> Now type <kbd>n</kbd>, or click the middle mouse button on the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ link, to visit the next node. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dInv"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a>, +<a name="Help-Inv"></a> +<a name="Help_002dInv"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -392,7 +413,7 @@ relevant to users reading Info using Emacs. Users of the stand-alone version can skip this node by typing <kbd>]</kbd> now. <p><a name="index-invisible-text-in-Emacs-21"></a> In Emacs, certain text that appears in the stand-alone version is -normally hidden, technically because it has the <span class="samp">invisibility</span> +normally hidden, technically because it has the ‘<samp><span class="samp">invisibility</span></samp>’ property. Invisible text is really a part of the text. It becomes visible (by default) after killing and yanking, it appears in printed output, it gets saved to file just like any other text, and so on. @@ -407,9 +428,9 @@ the command on the “menu” below and the top line of this node. <code>Info-hide-note-references</code> to <code>nil</code>. Enabling Visible mode permanently is not a real alternative, because Emacs Info also uses (although less extensively) another text property that can change the -text being displayed, the <span class="samp">display</span> property. Only the +text being displayed, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">display</span></samp>’ property. Only the invisibility property is affected by Visible mode. When, in this -tutorial, we refer to the <span class="samp">Emacs</span> behavior, we mean the +tutorial, we refer to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Emacs</span></samp>’ behavior, we mean the <em>default</em> Emacs behavior. <p>Now type <kbd>]</kbd>, to learn about the <kbd>]</kbd> and <kbd>[</kbd> commands. @@ -422,8 +443,10 @@ tutorial, we refer to the <span class="samp">Emacs</span> behavior, we mean the <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002d_005d"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a> -<br> +<a name="Help-%5d"></a> +<a name="Help_002d_005d"></a> +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">1.5.1 The <kbd>]</kbd> and <kbd>[</kbd> commands</h4> @@ -459,10 +482,12 @@ you can type <kbd>[</kbd>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dM"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a>, +<a name="Help-M"></a> +<a name="Help_002dM"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -474,30 +499,30 @@ nodes, nodes are restricted to a linear sequence. Menus allow a branching structure. A menu is a list of other nodes you can move to. It is actually just part of the text of the node formatted specially so that Info can interpret it. The beginning of a menu is always -identified by a line which starts with <span class="samp">* Menu:</span><!-- /@w -->. A node +identified by a line which starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* Menu:</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->. A node contains a menu if and only if it has a line in it which starts that way. The only menu you can use at any moment is the one in the node you are in. To use a menu in any other node, you must move to that node first. - <p>After the start of the menu, each line that starts with a <span class="samp">*</span> + <p>After the start of the menu, each line that starts with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ identifies one subtopic. The line usually contains a brief name for -the subtopic (followed by a <span class="samp">:</span>, normally hidden in Emacs), the +the subtopic (followed by a ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’, normally hidden in Emacs), the name of the node that talks about that subtopic (again, normally hidden in Emacs), and optionally some further description of the -subtopic. Lines in the menu that do not start with a <span class="samp">*</span> have no +subtopic. Lines in the menu that do not start with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ have no special meaning—they are only for the human reader's benefit and do not define additional subtopics. Here is an example: <pre class="example"> * Foo: Node about FOO. This tells about FOO. </pre> - <p>The subtopic name is Foo, and the node describing it is <span class="samp">Node -about FOO</span>. The rest of the line is just for the reader's + <p>The subtopic name is Foo, and the node describing it is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Node +about FOO</span></samp>’. The rest of the line is just for the reader's Information. [[ But this line is not a real menu item, simply because -there is no line above it which starts with <span class="samp">* Menu:</span><!-- /@w -->. Also, -in a real menu item, the <span class="samp">*</span> would appear at the very start of +there is no line above it which starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* Menu:</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->. Also, +in a real menu item, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ would appear at the very start of the line. This is why the “normally hidden” text in Emacs, namely -<span class="samp">: Node about FOO.</span>, is actually visible in this example, even +‘<samp><span class="samp">: Node about FOO.</span></samp>’, is actually visible in this example, even when Visible mode is off.]] <p>When you use a menu to go to another node (in a way that will be @@ -514,7 +539,7 @@ abbreviation for this: <pre class="example"> * Foo:: This tells about FOO. </pre> <p class="noindent">This means that the subtopic name and node name are the same; they are -both <span class="samp">Foo</span>. (The <span class="samp">::</span> is normally hidden in Emacs.) +both ‘<samp><span class="samp">Foo</span></samp>’. (The ‘<samp><span class="samp">::</span></samp>’ is normally hidden in Emacs.) <pre class="format">>> Now use <SPC> to find the menu in this node, then come back to the front with a <kbd>b</kbd> and some <SPC>s. As you see, a menu is @@ -550,9 +575,9 @@ the command. When you have done one of those things, the input entry line becomes blank again. Then you can type Info commands again. <p><a name="index-Info_002dmenu-26"></a> The command to go to a subnode via a menu is <kbd>m</kbd>. After you type -the <kbd>m</kbd>, the line at the bottom of the screen says <span class="samp">Menu item: </span>. +the <kbd>m</kbd>, the line at the bottom of the screen says ‘<samp><span class="samp">Menu item: </span></samp>’. You must then type the name of the subtopic you want, and end it with -a <RET>. In Emacs, <kbd>m</kbd> runs the command <code>Info-menu</code>. +a <RET>. <p><a name="index-abbreviating-Info-subnodes-27"></a> You can abbreviate the subtopic name. If the abbreviation is not unique, the first matching subtopic is chosen. Some menus put @@ -602,32 +627,34 @@ now; the next thing you will type must be the name of a subtopic. <BACKSPACE>) key to cancel one character at a time if you make a mistake. -<pre class="format">>> Press <DEL> to cancel the <span class="samp">R</span>. You could type another <kbd>R</kbd> - to replace it. But you do not have to, since <span class="samp">BA</span> is a valid +<pre class="format">>> Press <DEL> to cancel the ‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’. You could type another <kbd>R</kbd> + to replace it. But you do not have to, since ‘<samp><span class="samp">BA</span></samp>’ is a valid abbreviation. </pre> <pre class="format">>> Now you are ready to go. Type a <RET>. </pre> - <p>After visiting <span class="samp">Help-FOO</span>, you should return here. + <p>After visiting ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-FOO</span></samp>’, you should return here. <p>Another way to move to the menu subtopic lines and between them is to type <TAB>. Each time you type a <TAB>, you move to the -next subtopic line. To move to a previous subtopic line, type -<kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>—that is, press and hold the <META> key and then -press <TAB>. (On some keyboards, the <META> key might be labeled -<span class="samp">Alt</span>.) +next subtopic line. To move to a previous subtopic line in the +stand-alone reader, type <kbd>M-<TAB></kbd>—that is, press and hold +the <META> key and then press <TAB>. (On some keyboards, the +<META> key might be labeled ‘<samp><span class="samp">Alt</span></samp>’.) In Emacs Info, type +<kbd>S-<TAB></kbd> to move to a previous subtopic line (press and hold +the <Shift> key and then press <TAB>). <p>Once you move cursor to a subtopic line, press <RET> to go to that subtopic's node. <p><a name="index-mouse-support-in-Info-mode-29"></a><a name="index-Mouse_002d2-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-30"></a> If your terminal supports a mouse, you have yet another way of going to a subtopic. Move your mouse pointer to the subtopic line, -somewhere between the beginning <span class="samp">*</span> and the colon <span class="samp">:</span> which +somewhere between the beginning ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ and the colon ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ which ends the subtopic's brief name. You will see the subtopic's name change its appearance (usually, its background color will change), and the shape of the mouse pointer will change if your platform supports that. After a while, if you leave the mouse on that spot, a small -window will pop up, saying “Mouse-2: go to that node”, or the same +window will pop up, saying “Mouse-2: go to that node,” or the same message may appear at the bottom of the screen. <p><kbd>Mouse-2</kbd> is the second button of your mouse counting from the @@ -648,37 +675,40 @@ there's no next node. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dFOO"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a> -<br> +<a name="Help-FOO"></a> +<a name="Help_002dFOO"></a> +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">1.6.1 The <kbd>u</kbd> command</h4> -<p>Congratulations! This is the node <span class="samp">Help-FOO</span>. It has an <span class="samp">Up</span> -pointer <span class="samp">Help-M</span>, the node you just came from via the <kbd>m</kbd> +<p>Congratulations! This is the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-FOO</span></samp>’. It has an ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ +pointer ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-M</span></samp>’, the node you just came from via the <kbd>m</kbd> command. This is the usual convention—the nodes you reach from a menu -have <span class="samp">Up</span> nodes that lead back to the menu. Menus move Down in the -tree, and <span class="samp">Up</span> moves Up. <span class="samp">Previous</span>, on the other hand, is +have ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ nodes that lead back to the menu. Menus move Down in the +tree, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ moves Up. ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’, on the other hand, is usually used to “stay on the same level but go backwards”. - <p><a name="index-u-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-32"></a><a name="index-Info_002dup-33"></a> You can go back to the node <span class="samp">Help-M</span> by typing the command -<kbd>u</kbd> for “Up” (the Emacs command run by <kbd>u</kbd> is -<code>Info-up</code>). That puts you at the <em>front</em> of the node—to -get back to where you were reading you have to type some <SPC>s. -(Some Info readers, such as the one built into Emacs, put you at the -same place where you were reading in <span class="samp">Help-M</span>.) + <p><a name="index-u-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-32"></a><a name="index-Info_002dup-33"></a> You can go back to the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-M</span></samp>’ by typing the command +<kbd>u</kbd> for “Up”. This puts you at the menu subtopic line pointing +to the subnode that the <kbd>u</kbd> command brought you from. (Some Info +readers may put you at the <em>front</em> of the node instead—to get +back to where you were reading, you have to type some <SPC>s.) - <p>Another way to go Up is to click <kbd>Mouse-2</kbd> on the <span class="samp">Up</span> + <p>Another way to go Up is to click <kbd>Mouse-2</kbd> on the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ pointer shown in the header line (provided that you have a mouse). -<pre class="format">>> Now type <kbd>u</kbd> to move back up to <span class="samp">Help-M</span>. +<pre class="format">>> Now type <kbd>u</kbd> to move back up to ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-M</span></samp>’. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dXref"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>, +<a name="Help-Xref"></a> +<a name="Help_002dXref"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -686,23 +716,25 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> <p><a name="index-cross-references-in-Info-documents-34"></a> In Info documentation, you will see many <dfn>cross references</dfn>. Cross references look like this: See <a href="#Help_002dCross">Cross</a>. That text -is a real, live cross reference, whose name is <span class="samp">Cross</span> and which -points to the node named <span class="samp">Help-Cross</span>. (The node name is hidden +is a real, live cross reference, whose name is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Cross</span></samp>’ and which +points to the node named ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-Cross</span></samp>’. (The node name is hidden in Emacs. Do <kbd>M-x visible-mode</kbd> to show or hide it.) - <p><a name="index-f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-35"></a><a name="index-Info_002dfollow_002dreference-36"></a> There are two ways to follow a cross reference. You can move the -cursor to it and press <RET>, just as in a menu. <RET> -follows the cross reference that the cursor is on. Or you can type -<kbd>f</kbd> and then specify the name of the cross reference (in this -case, <span class="samp">Cross</span>) as an argument. In Emacs Info, <kbd>f</kbd> runs -<code>Info-follow-reference</code>, - - <p>In the <kbd>f</kbd> command, you select the cross reference with its -name, so it does not matter where the cursor was. If the cursor is on -or near a cross reference, <kbd>f</kbd> suggests that reference name in -parentheses as the default; typing <RET> will follow that -reference. However, if you type a different reference name, <kbd>f</kbd> -will follow the other reference which has that name. + <p><a name="index-f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-35"></a><a name="index-Info_002dfollow_002dreference-36"></a> You can follow a cross reference by moving the cursor to it and +press <RET>, just as in a menu. In Emacs, you can also click +<kbd>Mouse-1</kbd> on a cross reference to follow it; you can see that the +cross reference is mouse-sensitive by moving the mouse pointer to the +reference and watching how the underlying text and the mouse pointer +change in response. + + <p>Another way to follow a cross reference is to type <kbd>f</kbd> and then +specify the name of the cross reference (in this case, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Cross</span></samp>’) +as an argument. For this command, it does not matter where the cursor +was. If the cursor is on or near a cross reference, <kbd>f</kbd> suggests +that reference name in parentheses as the default; typing <RET> +will follow that reference. However, if you type a different +reference name, <kbd>f</kbd> will follow the other reference which has that +name. <pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>f</kbd>, followed by <kbd>Cross</kbd>, and then <RET>. </pre> @@ -720,55 +752,44 @@ actually want to follow a reference, you should type a <kbd>Control-g</kbd> to cancel the <kbd>f</kbd>. <pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>f?</kbd> to get a list of the cross references in this node. Then - type a <kbd>Control-g</kbd> and see how the <span class="samp">f</span> gives up. + type a <kbd>Control-g</kbd> and see how the ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ gives up. </pre> - <p>The <TAB> and <kbd>M-<TAB></kbd> key, which move between menu -items in a menu, also move between cross references outside of menus. + <p>The <TAB>, <kbd>M-<TAB></kbd> and <kbd>S-<TAB></kbd> keys, +which move between menu items in a menu, also move between cross +references outside of menus. <p>Sometimes a cross reference (or a node) can lead to another file (in other words another “manual”), or, on occasion, even a file on a remote machine (although Info files distributed with Emacs or the stand-alone Info avoid using remote links). Such a cross reference -looks like this: See <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo (Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format)</a>. (After following this link, type -<kbd>l</kbd> to get back to this node.) Here the name <span class="samp">texinfo</span> -between parentheses (shown in the stand-alone version) refers to the -file name. This file name appears in cross references and node names -if it differs from the current file. In Emacs, the file name is -hidden (along with other text). (Use <kbd>M-x visible-mode</kbd> to show -or hide it.) - - <p>The remainder of this node applies only to the Emacs version. If -you use the stand-alone version, you can type <kbd>n</kbd> immediately. - - <p>To some users, switching manuals is a much bigger switch than -switching sections. These users like to know that they are going to -be switching to another manual (and which one) before actually doing -so, especially given that, if one does not notice, Info commands like -<kbd>t</kbd> (see the next node) can have confusing results. - - <p>If you put your mouse over the cross reference and if the cross -reference leads to a different manual, then the information appearing -in a separate box (tool tip) or in the echo area, will mention the -file the cross reference will carry you to (between parentheses). -This is also true for menu subtopic names. If you have a mouse, just -leave it over the <span class="samp">Overview</span> cross reference above and watch what -happens. - - <p>If you always like to have that information available without having -to move your mouse over the cross reference, set -<code>Info-hide-note-references</code> to a value other than t (see <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>). You might also want to do that if you have a lot of -cross references to files on remote machines and have non-permanent or -slow access, since otherwise you might not be able to distinguish -between local and remote links. +looks like this: See <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo</a>. (After following this link, type +<kbd>l</kbd> to get back to this node.) Here the name ‘<samp><span class="samp">texinfo</span></samp>’ +between parentheses refers to the file name. This file name appears +in cross references and node names if it differs from the current +file, so you can always know that you are going to be switching to +another manual and which one. + + <p>However, Emacs normally hides some other text in cross-references. +If you put your mouse over the cross reference, then the information +appearing in a separate box (tool tip) or in the echo area will show +the full cross-reference including the file name and the node name of +the cross reference. If you have a mouse, just leave it over the +cross reference See <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo</a>, and watch what happens. If you +always like to have that information visible without having to move +your mouse over the cross reference, use <kbd>M-x visible-mode</kbd>, or +set <code>Info-hide-note-references</code> to a value other than <code>t</code> +(see <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>). <pre class="format">>> Now type <kbd>n</kbd> to learn more commands. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dInt"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a>, +<a name="Help-Int"></a> +<a name="Help_002dInt"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -785,32 +806,39 @@ This allows Info readers to go to the exact line of an entry, not just the start of the containing node.) <p>You can get to the index from the main menu of the file with the -<kbd>m</kbd> command; then you can use the <kbd>m</kbd> command again in the -index node to go to the node that describes the topic you want. +<kbd>m</kbd> command and the name of the index node; then you can use the +<kbd>m</kbd> command again in the index node to go to the node that +describes the topic you want. <p>There is also a short-cut Info command, <kbd>i</kbd>, which does all of that for you. It searches the index for a given topic (a string) and goes to the node which is listed in the index for that topic. -See <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a>, for a full explanation. +See <a href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a>, for a full explanation. - <p><a name="index-l-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-37"></a><a name="index-Info_002dlast-38"></a><a name="index-going-back-in-Info-mode-39"></a> If you have been moving around to different nodes and wish to + <p><a name="index-l-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-37"></a><a name="index-Info_002dhistory_002dback-38"></a><a name="index-going-back-in-Info-history-39"></a> If you have been moving around to different nodes and wish to retrace your steps, the <kbd>l</kbd> command (<kbd>l</kbd> for <dfn>last</dfn>) will do that, one node-step at a time. As you move from node to node, Info records the nodes where you have been in a special history list. The <kbd>l</kbd> command revisits nodes in the history list; each successive <kbd>l</kbd> command moves one step back through the history. - <p>In Emacs, <kbd>l</kbd> runs the command <code>Info-last</code>. - <pre class="format">>> Try typing <kbd>p p n</kbd> and then three <kbd>l</kbd>'s, pausing in between to see what each <kbd>l</kbd> does. You should wind up right back here. </pre> <p>Note the difference between <kbd>l</kbd> and <kbd>p</kbd>: <kbd>l</kbd> moves to where <em>you</em> last were, whereas <kbd>p</kbd> always moves to the node -which the header says is the <span class="samp">Previous</span> node (from this node, the -<span class="samp">Prev</span> link leads to <span class="samp">Help-Xref</span>). +which the header says is the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ node (from this node, the +‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’ link leads to ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help-Xref</span></samp>’). - <p><a name="index-d-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-40"></a><a name="index-Info_002ddirectory-41"></a><a name="index-go-to-Directory-node-42"></a> The <kbd>d</kbd> command (<code>Info-directory</code> in Emacs) gets you + <p><a name="index-r-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-40"></a><a name="index-Info_002dhistory_002dforward-41"></a><a name="index-going-forward-in-Info-history-42"></a> You can use the <kbd>r</kbd> command (<code>Info-history-forward</code> in Emacs) +to revisit nodes in the history list in the forward direction, so that +<kbd>r</kbd> will return you to the node you came from by typing <kbd>l</kbd>. + + <p><a name="index-L-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-43"></a><a name="index-Info_002dhistory-44"></a><a name="index-history-list-of-visited-nodes-45"></a> The <kbd>L</kbd> command (<code>Info-history</code> in Emacs) creates a virtual +node that contains a list of all nodes you visited. You can select +a previously visited node from this menu to revisit it. + + <p><a name="index-d-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-46"></a><a name="index-Info_002ddirectory-47"></a><a name="index-go-to-Directory-node-48"></a> The <kbd>d</kbd> command (<code>Info-directory</code> in Emacs) gets you instantly to the Directory node. This node, which is the first one you saw when you entered Info, has a menu which leads (directly or indirectly, through other menus), to all the nodes that exist. The @@ -820,102 +848,232 @@ are, or could be, installed on your system. <pre class="format">>> Try doing a <kbd>d</kbd>, then do an <kbd>l</kbd> to return here (yes, <em>do</em> return). </pre> - <p><a name="index-t-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-43"></a><a name="index-Info_002dtop_002dnode-44"></a><a name="index-go-to-Top-node-45"></a> The <kbd>t</kbd> command moves to the <span class="samp">Top</span> node of the manual. + <p><a name="index-t-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-49"></a><a name="index-Info_002dtop_002dnode-50"></a><a name="index-go-to-Top-node-51"></a> The <kbd>t</kbd> command moves to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ node of the manual. This is useful if you want to browse the manual's main menu, or select some specific top-level menu item. The Emacs command run by <kbd>t</kbd> is <code>Info-top-node</code>. - <p>Clicking <kbd>Mouse-2</kbd> on or near a cross reference also follows the -reference. You can see that the cross reference is mouse-sensitive by -moving the mouse pointer to the reference and watching how the -underlying text and the mouse pointer change in response. - <pre class="format">>> Now type <kbd>n</kbd> to see the last node of the course. </pre> - <p>See <a href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a>, for more advanced Info features. + <p>See <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>, for more advanced Info features. <!-- If a menu appears at the end of this node, remove it. --> <!-- It is an accident of the menu updating command. --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Expert-Info"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>, +<a name="Help-Q"></a> +<a name="Help_002dQ"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> + +</div> + +<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> +<h3 class="section">1.9 Quitting Info</h3> + +<p><a name="index-q-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-52"></a><a name="index-Info_002dexit-53"></a><a name="index-quitting-Info-mode-54"></a> To get out of Info, back to what you were doing before, type <kbd>q</kbd> +for <dfn>Quit</dfn>. This runs <code>Info-exit</code> in Emacs. + + <p>This is the end of the basic course on using Info. You have learned +how to move in an Info document, and how to follow menus and cross +references. This makes you ready for reading manuals top to bottom, +as new users should do when they learn a new package. + + <p>Another set of Info commands is useful when you need to find +something quickly in a manual—that is, when you need to use a manual +as a reference rather than as a tutorial. We urge you to learn +these search commands as well. If you want to do that now, follow this +cross reference to <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>. + + <p>Yet another set of commands are meant for experienced users; you can +find them by looking in the Directory node for documentation on Info. +Finding them will be a good exercise in using Info in the usual +manner. + +<pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>d</kbd> to go to the Info directory node; then type + <kbd>mInfo</kbd> and Return, to get to the node about Info and + see what other help is available. +</pre> + <div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Advanced"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> -<h2 class="chapter">2 Info for Experts</h2> +<h2 class="chapter">2 Advanced Info Commands</h2> -<p>This chapter describes various Info commands for experts. (If you +<p>This chapter describes various advanced Info commands. (If you are using a stand-alone Info reader, there are additional commands -specific to it, which are documented in several chapters of <a href="info-stnd.html#Top">GNU Info (GNU Info)</a>.) +specific to it, which are documented in several chapters of <a href="info-stnd.html#Top">GNU Info</a>.) - <p>This chapter also explains how to write an Info as distinct from a -Texinfo file. (However, in most cases, writing a Texinfo file is -better, since you can use it to make a printed manual or produce other -formats, such as HTML and DocBook, as well as for generating Info -files.) See <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo (Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format)</a>. + <p><a name="index-C_002dq-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-55"></a> One advanced command useful with most of the others described here +is <kbd>C-q</kbd>, which “quotes” the next character so that it is +entered literally (see <a href="emacs.html#Inserting-Text">Inserting Text</a>). For example, pressing <kbd>?</kbd> ordinarily brings up a list +of completion possibilities. If you want to (for example) search for +an actual ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ character, the simplest way is to insert it using +<kbd>C-q ?</kbd>. This works the same in Emacs and stand-alone Info. <ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>: Advanced Info commands: g, e, and 1 - 9. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a>: How to search Info documents for specific subjects. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Add">Add</a>: Describes how to add new nodes to the hierarchy. - Also tells what nodes look like. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Menus">Menus</a>: How to add to or create menus in Info nodes. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a>: How to add cross-references to Info nodes. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Tags">Tags</a>: How to make tags tables for Info files. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Checking">Checking</a>: Checking an Info File -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>: Variables modifying the behavior of Emacs Info. +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a>: How to search Info documents. +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a>: How to search the indices for specific subjects. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a>: How to go to a node by name. +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">Choose menu subtopic</a>: How to choose a menu subtopic by its number. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Create-Info-buffer">Create Info buffer</a>: How to create a new Info buffer in Emacs. +<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>: Variables modifying the behavior of Emacs Info. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Advanced"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> +<a name="Search-Text"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.1 Advanced Info Commands</h3> +<h3 class="section">2.1 <kbd>s</kbd> searches Info documents</h3> + +<p><a name="index-searching-Info-documents-56"></a><a name="index-Info-document-as-a-reference-57"></a> The commands which move between and inside nodes allow you to read +the entire manual or its large portions. But what if you need to find +some information in the manual as fast as you can, and you don't know +or don't remember in what node to look for it? This need arises when +you use a manual as a <dfn>reference</dfn>, or when it is impractical to +read the entire manual before you start using the programs it +describes. -<p>Here are some more Info commands that make it easier to move around. + <p>Info has powerful searching facilities that let you find things +quickly. You can search either the manual text or its indices. -<h4 class="subheading"><kbd>g</kbd> goes to a node by name</h4> + <p><a name="index-s-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-58"></a><a name="index-Info_002dsearch-59"></a> The <kbd>s</kbd> command allows you to search a whole Info file for a string. +It switches to the next node if and when that is necessary. You +type <kbd>s</kbd> followed by the string to search for, terminated by +<RET>. To search for the same string again, just <kbd>s</kbd> followed +by <RET> will do. The file's nodes are scanned in the order +they are in the file, which has no necessary relationship to the +order that they may be in the tree structure of menus and ‘<samp><span class="samp">next</span></samp>’ +pointers. But normally the two orders are not very different. In any +case, you can always look at the mode line to find out what node you have +reached, if the header is not visible (this can happen, because <kbd>s</kbd> +puts your cursor at the occurrence of the string, not at the beginning +of the node). -<p><a name="index-g-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-46"></a><a name="index-Info_002dgoto_002dnode-47"></a><a name="index-go-to-a-node-by-name-48"></a> If you know a node's name, you can go there by typing <kbd>g</kbd>, the + <p><a name="index-M_002ds-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-60"></a> In Emacs, <kbd>Meta-s</kbd> is equivalent to <kbd>s</kbd>. That is for +compatibility with other GNU packages that use <kbd>M-s</kbd> for a similar +kind of search command. Both <kbd>s</kbd> and <kbd>M-s</kbd> run in Emacs the +command <code>Info-search</code>. + + <p><a name="index-C_002ds-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-61"></a><a name="index-C_002dr-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-62"></a><a name="index-isearch-63"></a> Instead of using <kbd>s</kbd> in Emacs Info and in the stand-alone Info, +you can use an incremental search started with <kbd>C-s</kbd> or <kbd>C-r</kbd>. +It can search through multiple Info nodes. See <a href="emacs.html#Incremental-Search">Incremental Search</a>. In Emacs, you can disable this behavior +by setting the variable <code>Info-isearch-search</code> to <code>nil</code> +(see <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>). + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Search-Index"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a> + +</div> + +<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> +<h3 class="section">2.2 <kbd>i</kbd> searches the indices for specific subjects</h3> + +<p><a name="index-searching-Info-indices-64"></a><a name="index-i-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-65"></a><a name="index-Info_002dindex-66"></a> Since most topics in the manual should be indexed, you should try +the index search first before the text search. The <kbd>i</kbd> command +prompts you for a subject and then looks up that subject in the +indices. If it finds an index entry with the subject you typed, it +goes to the node to which that index entry points. You should browse +through that node to see whether the issue you are looking for is +described there. If it isn't, type <kbd>,</kbd> one or more times to go +through additional index entries which match your subject. + + <p>The <kbd>i</kbd> command and subsequent <kbd>,</kbd> commands find all index +entries which include the string you typed <em>as a substring</em>. +For each match, Info shows in the echo area the full index entry it +found. Often, the text of the full index entry already gives you +enough information to decide whether it is relevant to what you are +looking for, so we recommend that you read what Info shows in the echo +area before looking at the node it displays. + + <p>Since <kbd>i</kbd> looks for a substring, you can search for subjects even +if you are not sure how they are spelled in the index. For example, +suppose you want to find something that is pertinent to commands which +complete partial input (e.g., when you type <TAB>). If you want +to catch index entries that refer to “complete,” “completion,” and +“completing,” you could type <kbd>icomplet<RET></kbd>. + + <p>Info documents which describe programs should index the commands, +options, and key sequences that the program provides. If you are +looking for a description of a command, an option, or a key, just type +their names when <kbd>i</kbd> prompts you for a topic. For example, if you +want to read the description of what the <kbd>C-l</kbd> key does, type +<kbd>iC-l<RET></kbd> literally. + + <p><a name="index-info_002dapropos-67"></a><a name="index-index_002dapropos-68"></a>If you aren't sure which manual documents the topic you are looking +for, try the <kbd>M-x info-apropos</kbd> command in Emacs, or the <kbd>M-x +index-apropos</kbd> command in the stand-alone reader. It prompts for +a string and then looks up that string in all the indices of all the +Info documents installed on your system. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Go-to-node"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">Choose menu subtopic</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a> + +</div> + +<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> +<h3 class="section">2.3 <kbd>g</kbd> goes to a node by name</h3> + +<p><a name="index-g-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-69"></a><a name="index-Info_002dgoto_002dnode-70"></a><a name="index-go-to-a-node-by-name-71"></a> If you know a node's name, you can go there by typing <kbd>g</kbd>, the name, and <RET>. Thus, <kbd>gTop<RET></kbd> would go to the node -called <span class="samp">Top</span> in this file. (This is equivalent to <kbd>t</kbd>, see -<a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>.) <kbd>gAdvanced<RET></kbd> would come back here. -<kbd>g</kbd> in Emacs runs the command <code>Info-goto-node</code>. +called ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ in this file. (This is equivalent to <kbd>t</kbd>, see +<a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>.) <kbd>gGo to node<RET></kbd> would come back here. <p>Unlike <kbd>m</kbd>, <kbd>g</kbd> does not allow the use of abbreviations. But it does allow completion, so you can type <TAB> to complete a partial node name. - <p><a name="index-go-to-another-Info-file-49"></a> To go to a node in another file, you can include the file name in the + <p><a name="index-go-to-another-Info-file-72"></a> To go to a node in another file, you can include the file name in the node name by putting it at the front, in parentheses. Thus, <kbd>g(dir)Top<RET></kbd> would go to the Info Directory node, which is -the node <span class="samp">Top</span> in the Info file <span class="file">dir</span>. Likewise, +the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ in the Info file <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>. Likewise, <kbd>g(emacs)Top<RET></kbd> goes to the top node of the Emacs manual. - <p>The node name <span class="samp">*</span> specifies the whole file. So you can look at + <p>The node name ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ specifies the whole file. So you can look at all of the current file by typing <kbd>g*<RET></kbd> or all of any -other file with <kbd>g(</kbd><var>filename</var><kbd>)<RET></kbd>. +other file with <kbd>g(</kbd><var>filename</var><kbd>)*<RET></kbd>. -<h4 class="subheading"><kbd>1</kbd> – <kbd>9</kbd> choose a menu subtopic by its number</h4> +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Choose-menu-subtopic"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Create-Info-buffer">Create Info buffer</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a> + +</div> + +<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> +<h3 class="section">2.4 <kbd>1</kbd>–<kbd>9</kbd> choose a menu subtopic by its number</h3> -<p><a name="index-1-_0040r_007bthrough_007d-9-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-50"></a><a name="index-Info_002dnth_002dmenu_002ditem-51"></a><a name="index-select-_0040var_007bn_007d_0027th-menu-item-52"></a> If you begrudge each character of type-in which your system requires, +<p><a name="index-g_t1-_0040r_007bthrough_007d-9-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-73"></a><a name="index-Info_002dnth_002dmenu_002ditem-74"></a><a name="index-select-_0040var_007bn_007d_0027th-menu-item-75"></a> If you begrudge each character of type-in which your system requires, you might like to use the commands <kbd>1</kbd>, <kbd>2</kbd>, <kbd>3</kbd>, <kbd>4</kbd>, <small class="dots">...</small>, <kbd>9</kbd>. They are short for the <kbd>m</kbd> command together with a name of a menu subtopic. <kbd>1</kbd> goes through the first item in the current node's menu; <kbd>2</kbd> goes through the second item, etc. In the stand-alone reader, <kbd>0</kbd> goes through the last menu item; -this is so you need not count how many entries are there. In Emacs, -the digit keys run the command <code>Info-nth-menu-item</code>. +this is so you need not count how many entries are there. <p>If your display supports multiple fonts, colors or underlining, and you are using Emacs' Info mode to read Info files, the third, sixth -and ninth menu items have a <span class="samp">*</span> that stands out, either in color +and ninth menu items have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ that stands out, either in color or in some other attribute, such as underline; this makes it easy to see at a glance which number to use for an item. @@ -924,22 +1082,20 @@ underlining. If you need to actually count items, it is better to use <kbd>m</kbd> instead, and specify the name, or use <TAB> to quickly move between menu items. -<h4 class="subheading"><kbd>e</kbd> makes Info document editable</h4> - -<p><a name="index-e-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-53"></a><a name="index-Info_002dedit-54"></a><a name="index-edit-Info-document-55"></a> The Info command <kbd>e</kbd> changes from Info mode to an ordinary -Emacs editing mode, so that you can edit the text of the current node. -Type <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd> to switch back to Info. The <kbd>e</kbd> command is allowed -only if the variable <code>Info-enable-edit</code> is non-<code>nil</code>. +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Create-Info-buffer"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">Choose menu subtopic</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a> - <p>The <kbd>e</kbd> command only works in Emacs, where it runs the command -<code>Info-edit</code>. The stand-alone Info reader doesn't allow you to -edit the Info file, so typing <kbd>e</kbd> there goes to the end of the -current node. +</div> -<h4 class="subheading"><kbd>M-n</kbd> creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs</h4> +<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> +<h3 class="section">2.5 <kbd>M-n</kbd> creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs</h3> -<p><a name="index-M_002dn-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-56"></a><a name="index-clone_002dbuffer-57"></a><a name="index-multiple-Info-buffers-58"></a> If you are reading Info in Emacs, you can select a new independent -Info buffer in another window by typing <kbd>M-n</kbd>. The new buffer +<p><a name="index-M_002dn-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-76"></a><a name="index-clone_002dbuffer-77"></a><a name="index-multiple-Info-buffers-78"></a> If you are reading Info in Emacs, you can select a new independent +Info buffer in a new Emacs window by typing <kbd>M-n</kbd>. The new buffer starts out as an exact copy of the old one, but you will be able to move independently between nodes in the two buffers. (In Info mode, <kbd>M-n</kbd> runs the Emacs command <code>clone-buffer</code>.) @@ -950,96 +1106,138 @@ m</kbd> and <kbd>C-u g</kbd> go to a new node in exactly the same way that <kbd>m</kbd> and <kbd>g</kbd> do, but they do so in a new Info buffer which they select in another window. + <p>Another way to produce new Info buffers in Emacs is to use a numeric +prefix argument for the <kbd>C-h i</kbd> command (<code>info</code>) which +switches to the Info buffer with that number. Thus, <kbd>C-u 2 C-h i</kbd> +switches to the buffer ‘<samp><span class="samp">*info*<2></span></samp>’, creating it if necessary. + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Info-Search"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Add">Add</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> +<a name="Emacs-Info-Variables"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Create-Info-buffer">Create Info buffer</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.2 How to search Info documents for specific subjects</h3> +<h3 class="section">2.6 Emacs Info-mode Variables</h3> -<p><a name="index-searching-Info-documents-59"></a><a name="index-Info-document-as-a-reference-60"></a> The commands which move between and inside nodes allow you to read -the entire manual or its large portions. But what if you need to find -some information in the manual as fast as you can, and you don't know -or don't remember in what node to look for it? This need arises when -you use a manual as a <dfn>reference</dfn>, or when it is impractical to -read the entire manual before you start using the programs it -describes. +<p>The following variables may modify the behavior of Info-mode in Emacs; +you may wish to set one or several of these variables interactively, +or in your init file. See <a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables</a>. The stand-alone Info reader program has its own set of +variables, described in <a href="info-stnd.html#Variables">Manipulating Variables</a>. - <p>Info has powerful searching facilities that let you find things -quickly. You can search either the manual indices or its text. + <dl> +<dt><code>Info-directory-list</code><a name="index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-79"></a><dd>The list of directories to search for Info files. Each element is a +string (directory name) or <code>nil</code> (try default directory). If not +initialized Info uses the environment variable <samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp> to +initialize it, or <code>Info-default-directory-list</code> if there is no +<samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp> variable in the environment. - <p><a name="index-i-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-61"></a><a name="index-Info_002dindex-62"></a> Since most subjects related to what the manual describes should be -indexed, you should try the index search first. The <kbd>i</kbd> command -prompts you for a subject and then looks up that subject in the -indices. If it finds an index entry with the subject you typed, it -goes to the node to which that index entry points. You should browse -through that node to see whether the issue you are looking for is -described there. If it isn't, type <kbd>,</kbd> one or more times to go -through additional index entries which match your subject. + <p>If you wish to customize the Info directory search list for both Emacs +Info and stand-alone Info, it is best to set the <samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp> +environment variable, since that applies to both programs. - <p>The <kbd>i</kbd> command finds all index entries which include the string -you typed <em>as a substring</em>. For each match, Info shows in the -echo area the full index entry it found. Often, the text of the full -index entry already gives you enough information to decide whether it -is relevant to what you are looking for, so we recommend that you read -what Emacs shows in the echo area before looking at the node it -displays. + <br><dt><code>Info-additional-directory-list</code><a name="index-Info_002dadditional_002ddirectory_002dlist-80"></a><dd>A list of additional directories to search for Info documentation files. +These directories are not searched for merging the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file. - <p>Since <kbd>i</kbd> looks for a substring, you can search for subjects even -if you are not sure how they are spelled in the index. For example, -suppose you want to find something that is pertinent to commands which -complete partial input (e.g., when you type <TAB>). If you want -to catch index entries that refer to “complete”, “completion”, and -“completing”, you could type <kbd>icomplet<RET></kbd>. + <br><dt><code>Info-mode-hook</code><a name="index-Info_002dmode_002dhook-81"></a><dd>Hooks run when <code>Info-mode</code> is called. By default, it contains +the hook <code>turn-on-font-lock</code> which enables highlighting of Info +files. You can change how the highlighting looks by customizing the +faces <code>info-node</code>, <code>info-xref</code>, <code>info-xref-visited</code>, +<code>info-header-xref</code>, <code>info-header-node</code>, <code>info-menu-header</code>, +<code>info-menu-star</code>, and <code>info-title-</code><var>n</var> (where <var>n</var> +is the level of the section, a number between 1 and 4). To customize +a face, type <kbd>M-x customize-face <RET> </kbd><var>face</var><kbd> <RET></kbd>, +where <var>face</var> is one of the face names listed here. - <p>Info documents which describe programs should index the commands, -options, and key sequences that the program provides. If you are -looking for a description of a command, an option, or a key, just type -their names when <kbd>i</kbd> prompts you for a topic. For example, if you -want to read the description of what the <kbd>C-f</kbd> key does, type -<kbd>i C - f <RET></kbd>. Here <kbd>C-f</kbd> are 3 literal characters -<span class="samp">C</span>, <span class="samp">-</span>, and <span class="samp">f</span>, not the “Control-f” command key -you type inside Emacs to run the command bound to <kbd>C-f</kbd>. + <br><dt><code>Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size</code><a name="index-Info_002dfontify_002dmaximum_002dmenu_002dsize-82"></a><dd>Maximum size of menu to fontify if <code>font-lock-mode</code> is non-<code>nil</code>. - <p>In Emacs, <kbd>i</kbd> runs the command <code>Info-index</code>. + <br><dt><code>Info-fontify-visited-nodes</code><a name="index-Info_002dfontify_002dvisited_002dnodes-83"></a><dd>If non-<code>nil</code>, menu items and cross-references pointing to visited +nodes are displayed in the <code>info-xref-visited</code> face. - <p><a name="index-info_002dapropos-63"></a>If you don't know what manual documents something, try the <kbd>M-x -info-apropos</kbd> command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that -string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on your -system. + <br><dt><code>Info-use-header-line</code><a name="index-Info_002duse_002dheader_002dline-84"></a><dd>If non-<code>nil</code>, Emacs puts in the Info buffer a header line showing +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Prev</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ links. A header line does +not scroll with the rest of the buffer, making these links always +visible. - <p><a name="index-s-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-64"></a><a name="index-Info_002dsearch-65"></a> The <kbd>s</kbd> command allows you to search a whole file for a string. -It switches to the next node if and when that is necessary. You -type <kbd>s</kbd> followed by the string to search for, terminated by -<RET>. To search for the same string again, just <kbd>s</kbd> followed -by <RET> will do. The file's nodes are scanned in the order -they are in in the file, which has no necessary relationship to the -order that they may be in the tree structure of menus and <span class="samp">next</span> -pointers. But normally the two orders are not very different. In any -case, you can always do a <kbd>b</kbd> to find out what node you have -reached, if the header is not visible (this can happen, because <kbd>s</kbd> -puts your cursor at the occurrence of the string, not at the beginning -of the node). + <br><dt><code>Info-hide-note-references</code><a name="index-Info_002dhide_002dnote_002dreferences-85"></a><dd>As explained in earlier nodes, the Emacs version of Info normally +hides some text in menus and cross-references. You can completely +disable this feature, by setting this option to <code>nil</code>. Setting +it to a value that is neither <code>nil</code> nor <code>t</code> produces an +intermediate behavior, hiding a limited amount of text, but showing +all text that could potentially be useful. - <p><a name="index-M_002ds-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-66"></a> In Emacs, <kbd>Meta-s</kbd> is equivalent to <kbd>s</kbd>. That is for -compatibility with other GNU packages that use <kbd>M-s</kbd> for a similar -kind of search command. Both <kbd>s</kbd> and <kbd>M-s</kbd> run in Emacs the -command <code>Info-search</code>. + <br><dt><code>Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes</code><a name="index-Info_002dscroll_002dprefer_002dsubnodes-86"></a><dd>If set to a non-<code>nil</code> value, <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> (or +<DEL>) keys in a menu visit subnodes of the current node before +scrolling to its end or beginning, respectively. For example, if the +node's menu appears on the screen, the next <SPC> moves to a +subnode indicated by the following menu item. Setting this option to +<code>nil</code> results in behavior similar to the stand-alone Info reader +program, which visits the first subnode from the menu only when you +hit the end of the current node. The default is <code>nil</code>. + + <br><dt><code>Info-isearch-search</code><a name="index-Info_002disearch_002dsearch-87"></a><dd>If non-<code>nil</code>, isearch in Info searches through multiple nodes. + + <br><dt><code>Info-enable-active-nodes</code><a name="index-Info_002denable_002dactive_002dnodes-88"></a><dd>When set to a non-<code>nil</code> value, allows Info to execute Lisp code +associated with nodes. The Lisp code is executed when the node is +selected. The Lisp code to be executed should follow the node +delimiter (the ‘<samp><span class="samp">DEL</span></samp>’ character) and an ‘<samp><span class="samp">execute: </span></samp>’ tag, like +this: + + <pre class="example"> ^_execute: (message "This is an active node!") +</pre> + </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Add"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menus">Menus</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a>, +<a name="Expert-Info"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Advanced">Advanced</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> + +</div> + +<h2 class="chapter">3 Info for Experts</h2> + +<p>This chapter explains how to write an Info file by hand. However, +in most cases, writing a Texinfo file is better, since you can use it +to make a printed manual or produce other formats, such as HTML and +DocBook, as well as for generating Info files. + + <p>The <code>makeinfo</code> command converts a Texinfo file into an Info file; +<code>texinfo-format-region</code> and <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> are GNU +Emacs functions that do the same. + + <p>See <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo</a>, for how to write a Texinfo file. + + <p>See <a href="texinfo.html#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>, for how to create an Info file from a Texinfo file. + + <p>See <a href="texinfo.html#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>, for how to install an Info file after you +have created one. + + <p>However, if you want to edit an Info file manually and install it manually, +here is how. + +<ul class="menu"> +<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Add">Add</a>: Describes how to add new nodes to the hierarchy. + Also tells what nodes look like. +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Menus">Menus</a>: How to add to or create menus in Info nodes. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a>: How to add cross-references to Info nodes. +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Tags">Tags</a>: How to make tags tables for Info files. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Checking">Checking</a>: Checking an Info File. +</ul> + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Add"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menus">Menus</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.3 Adding a new node to Info</h3> +<h3 class="section">3.1 Adding a new node to Info</h3> <p>To add a new topic to the list in the Info directory, you must: @@ -1048,26 +1246,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> <li>Put that topic in the menu in the directory. See <a href="#Menus">Menu</a>. </ol> - <p>Usually, the way to create the nodes is with Texinfo (see <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo (Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format)</a>); -this has the advantage that you can also make a printed manual or HTML -from them. You would use the <span class="samp">@dircategory</span> and -<span class="samp">@direntry</span> commands to put the manual into the Info directory. -However, if you want to edit an Info file manually and install it -manually, here is how. - - <p><a name="index-node-delimiters-67"></a> The new node can live in an existing documentation file, or in a new -one. It must have a <span class="samp">^_</span> character before it (invisible to the + <p><a name="index-node-delimiters-89"></a> The new node can live in an existing documentation file, or in a new +one. It must have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">^_</span></samp>’ character before it (invisible to the user; this node has one but you cannot see it), and it ends with either -a <span class="samp">^_</span>, a <span class="samp">^L</span> (“formfeed”), or the end of file.<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-2" name="fnd-2"><sup>2</sup></a> +a ‘<samp><span class="samp">^_</span></samp>’, a ‘<samp><span class="samp">^L</span></samp>’ (“formfeed”), or the end of file.<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-2" name="fnd-2"><sup>2</sup></a> - <p>The <span class="samp">^_</span> starting a node must be followed by a newline or a -<span class="samp">^L</span> newline, after which comes the node's header line. The + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">^_</span></samp>’ starting a node must be followed by a newline or a +‘<samp><span class="samp">^L</span></samp>’ newline, after which comes the node's header line. The header line must give the node's name (by which Info finds it), and -state the names of the <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Previous</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> -nodes (if there are any). As you can see, this node's <span class="samp">Up</span> node -is the node <span class="samp">Expert Info</span>. The <span class="samp">Next</span> node is <span class="samp">Menus</span>. +state the names of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ +nodes (if there are any). As you can see, this node's ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ node +is the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Expert Info</span></samp>’. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ node is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Menus</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-node-header-line-format-68"></a><a name="index-format-of-node-headers-69"></a> The keywords <dfn>Node</dfn>, <dfn>Next</dfn>, <dfn>Previous</dfn>, and <dfn>Up</dfn> + <p><a name="index-node-header-line-format-90"></a><a name="index-format-of-node-headers-91"></a> The keywords <dfn>Node</dfn>, <dfn>Next</dfn>, <dfn>Previous</dfn>, and <dfn>Up</dfn> may appear in any order, anywhere in the header line, but the recommended order is the one in this sentence. Each keyword must be followed by a colon, spaces and tabs, and then the appropriate name. @@ -1075,31 +1266,31 @@ The name may be terminated with a tab, a comma, or a newline. A space does not end it; node names may contain spaces. The case of letters in the names is insignificant. - <p><a name="index-node-name-format-70"></a><a name="index-Directory-node-71"></a> A node name has two forms. A node in the current file is named by -what appears after the <span class="samp">Node: </span> in that node's first line. For -example, this node's name is <span class="samp">Add</span>. A node in another file is -named by <span class="samp">(</span><var>filename</var><span class="samp">)</span><var>node-within-file</var>, as in -<span class="samp">(info)Add</span> for this node. If the file name starts with “./”, + <p><a name="index-node-name-format-92"></a><a name="index-Directory-node-93"></a> A node name has two forms. A node in the current file is named by +what appears after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Node: </span></samp>’ in that node's first line. For +example, this node's name is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Add</span></samp>’. A node in another file is +named by ‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>filename</var><span class="samp">)</span><var>node-within-file</var></samp>’, as in +‘<samp><span class="samp">(info)Add</span></samp>’ for this node. If the file name starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>’, then it is relative to the current directory; otherwise, it is relative starting from the standard directory for Info files of your -site. The name <span class="samp">(</span><var>filename</var><span class="samp">)Top</span> can be abbreviated to just -<span class="samp">(</span><var>filename</var><span class="samp">)</span>. By convention, the name <span class="samp">Top</span> is used -for the “highest” node in any single file—the node whose <span class="samp">Up</span> -points out of the file. The <span class="samp">Directory</span> node is <span class="file">(dir)</span>, it -points to a file <span class="file">dir</span> which holds a large menu listing all the -Info documents installed on your site. The <span class="samp">Top</span> node of a -document file listed in the <span class="samp">Directory</span> should have an <span class="samp">Up: -(dir)</span> in it. - - <p><a name="index-unstructured-documents-72"></a> The node name <kbd>*</kbd> is special: it refers to the entire file. +site. The name ‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>filename</var><span class="samp">)Top</span></samp>’ can be abbreviated to just +‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>filename</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’. By convention, the name ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ is used +for the “highest” node in any single file—the node whose ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ +points out of the file. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Directory</span></samp>’ node is <samp><span class="file">(dir)</span></samp>, it +points to a file <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> which holds a large menu listing all the +Info documents installed on your site. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ node of a +document file listed in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Directory</span></samp>’ should have an ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up: +(dir)</span></samp>’ in it. + + <p><a name="index-unstructured-documents-94"></a> The node name <kbd>*</kbd> is special: it refers to the entire file. Thus, <kbd>g*</kbd> shows you the whole current file. The use of the node <kbd>*</kbd> is to make it possible to make old-fashioned, unstructured files into nodes of the tree. - <p>The <span class="samp">Node:</span> name, in which a node states its own name, must not + <p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Node:</span></samp>’ name, in which a node states its own name, must not contain a file name, since when Info searches for a node, it does not -expect a file name to be there. The <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Previous</span> and -<span class="samp">Up</span> names may contain them. In this node, since the <span class="samp">Up</span> +expect a file name to be there. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ names may contain them. In this node, since the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ node is in the same file, it was not necessary to use one. <p>Note that the nodes in this file have a file name in the header @@ -1108,31 +1299,32 @@ to help identify the node for the user. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Menus"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a>, +<a name="Menus"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Add">Add</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.4 How to Create Menus</h3> +<h3 class="section">3.2 How to Create Menus</h3> <p>Any node in the Info hierarchy may have a <dfn>menu</dfn>—a list of subnodes. The <kbd>m</kbd> command searches the current node's menu for the topic which it reads from the terminal. - <p><a name="index-menu-and-menu-entry-format-73"></a> A menu begins with a line starting with <span class="samp">* Menu:</span><!-- /@w -->. The + <p><a name="index-menu-and-menu-entry-format-95"></a> A menu begins with a line starting with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* Menu:</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->. The rest of the line is a comment. After the starting line, every line -that begins with a <span class="samp">* </span> lists a single topic. The name of the -topic–what the user must type at the <kbd>m</kbd>'s command prompt to +that begins with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">* </span></samp>’ lists a single topic. The name of the +topic—what the user must type at the <kbd>m</kbd>'s command prompt to select this topic—comes right after the star and space, and is followed by a colon, spaces and tabs, and the name of the node which discusses that topic. The node name, like node names following -<span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Previous</span> and <span class="samp">Up</span>, may be terminated with a +‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’, may be terminated with a tab, comma, or newline; it may also be terminated with a period. <p>If the node name and topic name are the same, then rather than -giving the name twice, the abbreviation <span class="samp">* </span><var>name</var><span class="samp">::</span> may be +giving the name twice, the abbreviation ‘<samp><span class="samp">* </span><var>name</var><span class="samp">::</span></samp>’ may be used (and should be used, whenever possible, as it reduces the visual clutter in the menu). @@ -1142,47 +1334,49 @@ short abbreviations. In a long menu, it is a good idea to capitalize the beginning of each item name which is the minimum acceptable abbreviation for it (a long menu is more than 5 or so entries). - <p>The nodes listed in a node's menu are called its “subnodes”, and it -is their “superior”. They should each have an <span class="samp">Up:</span> pointing at + <p>The nodes listed in a node's menu are called its “subnodes,” and it +is their “superior”. They should each have an ‘<samp><span class="samp">Up:</span></samp>’ pointing at the superior. It is often useful to arrange all or most of the subnodes -in a sequence of <span class="samp">Next</span> and <span class="samp">Previous</span> pointers so that +in a sequence of ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ pointers so that someone who wants to see them all need not keep revisiting the Menu. - <p>The Info Directory is simply the menu of the node <span class="samp">(dir)Top</span>—that -is, node <span class="samp">Top</span> in file <span class="file">.../info/dir</span>. You can put new entries + <p>The Info Directory is simply the menu of the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)Top</span></samp>’—that +is, node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ in file <samp><span class="file">.../info/dir</span></samp>. You can put new entries in that menu just like any other menu. The Info Directory is <em>not</em> the -same as the file directory called <span class="file">info</span>. It happens that many of +same as the file directory called <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp>. It happens that many of Info's files live in that file directory, but they do not have to; and files in that directory are not automatically listed in the Info Directory node. - <p>Also, although the Info node graph is claimed to be a “hierarchy”, + <p>Also, although the Info node graph is claimed to be a “hierarchy,” in fact it can be <em>any</em> directed graph. Shared structures and pointer cycles are perfectly possible, and can be used if they are appropriate to the meaning to be expressed. There is no need for all the nodes in a file to form a connected structure. In fact, this file has two connected components. You are in one of them, which is under -the node <span class="samp">Top</span>; the other contains the node <span class="samp">Help</span> which the +the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’; the other contains the node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Help</span></samp>’ which the <kbd>h</kbd> command goes to. In fact, since there is no garbage -collector, nothing terrible happens if a substructure is not pointed -to, but such a substructure is rather useless since nobody can -ever find out that it exists. +collector on the node graph, nothing terrible happens if a substructure +is not pointed to, but such a substructure is rather useless since nobody +can ever find out that it exists. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Cross_002drefs"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tags">Tags</a>, +<a name="Cross-refs"></a> +<a name="Cross_002drefs"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tags">Tags</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menus">Menus</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.5 Creating Cross References</h3> +<h3 class="section">3.3 Creating Cross References</h3> -<p><a name="index-cross-reference-format-74"></a> A cross reference can be placed anywhere in the text, unlike a menu +<p><a name="index-cross-reference-format-96"></a> A cross reference can be placed anywhere in the text, unlike a menu item which must go at the front of a line. A cross reference looks -like a menu item except that it has <span class="samp">*note</span> instead of <span class="samp">*</span>. -It <em>cannot</em> be terminated by a <span class="samp">)</span>, because <span class="samp">)</span>'s are +like a menu item except that it has ‘<samp><span class="samp">*note</span></samp>’ instead of ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’. +It <em>cannot</em> be terminated by a ‘<samp><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’, because ‘<samp><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’'s are so often part of node names. If you wish to enclose a cross reference in parentheses, terminate it with a period first. Here are two examples of cross references pointers: @@ -1198,78 +1392,48 @@ really exist! <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dCross"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a> -<br> +<a name="Help-Cross"></a> +<a name="Help_002dCross"></a> +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">2.5.1 The node reached by the cross reference in Info</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">3.3.1 The node reached by the cross reference in Info</h4> -<p>This is the node reached by the cross reference named <span class="samp">Cross</span>. +<p>This is the node reached by the cross reference named ‘<samp><span class="samp">Cross</span></samp>’. <p>While this node is specifically intended to be reached by a cross reference, most cross references lead to nodes that “belong” someplace else far away in the structure of an Info document. So you -cannot expect this node to have a <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Previous</span> or -<span class="samp">Up</span> links pointing back to where you came from. In general, the +cannot expect this node to have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ links pointing back to where you came from. In general, the <kbd>l</kbd> (el) command is the only way to get back there. <pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>l</kbd> to return to the node where the cross reference was. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Help_002dQ"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a> -<br> -</div> - -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.6 Quitting Info</h3> - -<p><a name="index-q-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-75"></a><a name="index-Info_002dexit-76"></a><a name="index-quitting-Info-mode-77"></a> To get out of Info, back to what you were doing before, type <kbd>q</kbd> -for <dfn>Quit</dfn>. This runs <code>Info-exit</code> in Emacs. - - <p>This is the end of the basic course on using Info. You have learned -how to move in an Info document, and how to follow menus and cross -references. This makes you ready for reading manuals top to bottom, -as new users should do when they learn a new package. - - <p>Another set of Info commands is useful when you need to find -something quickly in a manual—that is, when you need to use a manual -as a reference rather than as a tutorial. We urge you to learn -these search commands as well. If you want to do that now, follow this -cross reference to <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a>. - - <p>Yet another set of commands are meant for experienced users; you can -find them by looking in the Directory node for documentation on Info. -Finding them will be a good exercise in using Info in the usual -manner. - -<pre class="format">>> Type <kbd>d</kbd> to go to the Info directory node; then type - <kbd>mInfo</kbd> and Return, to get to the node about Info and - see what other help is available. -</pre> - <div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="Tags"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Checking">Checking</a>, +<a name="Tags"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Checking">Checking</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">2.7 Tags Tables for Info Files</h3> +<h3 class="section">3.4 Tags Tables for Info Files</h3> -<p><a name="index-tags-tables-in-info-files-78"></a> You can speed up the access to nodes of a large Info file by giving +<p><a name="index-tags-tables-in-Info-files-97"></a> You can speed up the access to nodes of a large Info file by giving it a tags table. Unlike the tags table for a program, the tags table for an Info file lives inside the file itself and is used automatically whenever Info reads in the file. - <p><a name="index-Info_002dtagify-79"></a> To make a tags table, go to a node in the file using Emacs Info mode and type + <p><a name="index-Info_002dtagify-98"></a> To make a tags table, go to a node in the file using Emacs Info mode and type <kbd>M-x Info-tagify</kbd>. Then you must use <kbd>C-x C-s</kbd> to save the file. Info files produced by the <code>makeinfo</code> command that is part of the Texinfo package always have tags tables to begin with. - <p><a name="index-stale-tags-tables-80"></a><a name="index-update-Info-tags-table-81"></a> Once the Info file has a tags table, you must make certain it is up + <p><a name="index-stale-tags-tables-99"></a><a name="index-update-Info-tags-table-100"></a> Once the Info file has a tags table, you must make certain it is up to date. If you edit an Info file directly (as opposed to editing its Texinfo source), and, as a result of deletion of text, any node moves back more than a thousand characters in the file from the position @@ -1289,130 +1453,40 @@ this: </pre> <p class="noindent">Note that it contains one line per node, and this line contains the beginning of the node's header (ending just after the node name), -a <span class="samp">DEL</span> character, and the character position in the file of the +a ‘<samp><span class="samp">DEL</span></samp>’ character, and the character position in the file of the beginning of the node. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Checking"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a>, +<a name="Checking"></a> Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tags">Tags</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">2.8 Checking an Info File</h3> +<h3 class="section">3.5 Checking an Info File</h3> <p>When creating an Info file, it is easy to forget the name of a node when you are making a pointer to it from another node. If you put in the wrong name for a node, this is not detected until someone tries to go through the pointer using Info. Verification of the Info file is an automatic process which checks all pointers to nodes and reports any -pointers which are invalid. Every <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Previous</span>, and -<span class="samp">Up</span> is checked, as is every menu item and every cross reference. In -addition, any <span class="samp">Next</span> which does not have a <span class="samp">Previous</span> pointing +pointers which are invalid. Every ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">Up</span></samp>’ is checked, as is every menu item and every cross reference. In +addition, any ‘<samp><span class="samp">Next</span></samp>’ which does not have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">Previous</span></samp>’ pointing back is reported. Only pointers within the file are checked, because checking pointers to other files would be terribly slow. But those are usually few. - <p><a name="index-Info_002dvalidate-82"></a>To check an Info file, do <kbd>M-x Info-validate</kbd> while looking at any + <p><a name="index-Info_002dvalidate-101"></a>To check an Info file, do <kbd>M-x Info-validate</kbd> while looking at any node of the file with Emacs Info mode. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Emacs-Info-Variables"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Checking">Checking</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a> -<br> -</div> - -<h3 class="section">2.9 Emacs Info-mode Variables</h3> - -<p>The following variables may modify the behavior of Info-mode in Emacs; -you may wish to set one or several of these variables interactively, or -in your <span class="file">~/.emacs</span> init file. See <a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>. The stand-alone Info reader program has its own set of -variables, described in <a href="info-stnd.html#Variables">Manipulating Variables (GNU Info)</a>. - - <dl> -<dt><code>Info-directory-list</code><a name="index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-83"></a><dd>The list of directories to search for Info files. Each element is a -string (directory name) or <code>nil</code> (try default directory). If not -initialized Info uses the environment variable <span class="env">INFOPATH</span> to -initialize it, or <code>Info-default-directory-list</code> if there is no -<span class="env">INFOPATH</span> variable in the environment. - - <p>If you wish to customize the Info directory search list for both Emacs -info and stand-alone Info, it is best to set the <span class="env">INFOPATH</span> -environment variable, since that applies to both programs. - - <br><dt><code>Info-additional-directory-list</code><a name="index-Info_002dadditional_002ddirectory_002dlist-84"></a><dd>A list of additional directories to search for Info documentation files. -These directories are not searched for merging the <span class="file">dir</span> file. - - <br><dt><code>Info-fontify</code><a name="index-Info_002dfontify-85"></a><dd>When set to a non-<code>nil</code> value, enables highlighting of Info -files. The default is <code>t</code>. You can change how the highlighting -looks by customizing the faces <code>info-node</code>, <code>info-xref</code>, -<code>info-header-xref</code>, <code>info-header-node</code>, <code>info-menu-5</code>, -<code>info-menu-header</code>, and <code>info-title-</code><var>n</var><code>-face</code> (where -<var>n</var> is the level of the section, a number between 1 and 4). To -customize a face, type <kbd>M-x customize-face <RET> </kbd><var>face</var><kbd> -<RET></kbd>, where <var>face</var> is one of the face names listed here. - - <br><dt><code>Info-use-header-line</code><a name="index-Info_002duse_002dheader_002dline-86"></a><dd>If non-<code>nil</code>, Emacs puts in the Info buffer a header line showing -the <span class="samp">Next</span>, <span class="samp">Prev</span>, and <span class="samp">Up</span> links. A header line does -not scroll with the rest of the buffer, making these links always -visible. - - <br><dt><code>Info-hide-note-references</code><a name="index-Info_002dhide_002dnote_002dreferences-87"></a><dd>As explained in earlier nodes, the Emacs version of Info normally -hides some text in menus and cross-references. You can completely -disable this feature, by setting this option to <code>nil</code>. Setting -it to a value that is neither <code>nil</code> nor <code>t</code> produces an -intermediate behavior, hiding a limited amount of text, but showing -all text that could potentially be useful. - - <br><dt><code>Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes</code><a name="index-Info_002dscroll_002dprefer_002dsubnodes-88"></a><dd>If set to a non-<code>nil</code> value, <SPC> and <BACKSPACE> (or -<DEL>) keys in a menu visit subnodes of the current node before -scrolling to its end or beginning, respectively. For example, if the -node's menu appears on the screen, the next <SPC> moves to a -subnode indicated by the following menu item. Setting this option to -<code>nil</code> results in behavior similar to the stand-alone Info reader -program, which visits the first subnode from the menu only when you -hit the end of the current node. The default is <code>nil</code>. - - <br><dt><code>Info-enable-active-nodes</code><a name="index-Info_002denable_002dactive_002dnodes-89"></a><dd>When set to a non-<code>nil</code> value, allows Info to execute Lisp code -associated with nodes. The Lisp code is executed when the node is -selected. The Lisp code to be executed should follow the node -delimiter (the <span class="samp">DEL</span> character) and an <span class="samp">execute: </span> tag, like -this: - - <pre class="example"> ^_execute: (message "This is an active node!") - </pre> - <br><dt><code>Info-enable-edit</code><a name="index-Info_002denable_002dedit-90"></a><dd>Set to <code>nil</code>, disables the <span class="samp">e</span> (<code>Info-edit</code>) command. A -non-<code>nil</code> value enables it. See <a href="#Add">Edit</a>. -</dl> - -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="Creating-an-Info-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, +<a name="Index"></a> Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Expert-Info">Expert Info</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> -</div> - -<h2 class="chapter">3 Creating an Info File from a Texinfo File</h2> -<p><code>makeinfo</code> is a utility that converts a Texinfo file into an Info -file; <code>texinfo-format-region</code> and <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> are -GNU Emacs functions that do the same. - - <p>See <a href="texinfo.html#Top">Overview of Texinfo (Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format)</a>, to learn how to write a Texinfo file. - - <p>See <a href="texinfo.html#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File (Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format)</a>, to learn how to create an Info file from a Texinfo file. - - <p>See <a href="texinfo.html#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File (Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format)</a>, to learn how to install an Info file after you -have created one. - -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="Index"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> </div> <h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> @@ -1421,95 +1495,106 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> topics discussed in this document. <ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-1-_0040r_007bthrough_007d-9-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-50"><code>1 </code><span class="roman">through</span><code> 9 </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-19"><code>? </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t1-_0040r_007bthrough_007d-9-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-73"><code>1 </code><span class="roman">through</span><code> 9 </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">Choose menu subtopic</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-19"><code>? </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> <li><a href="#index-abbreviating-Info-subnodes-27">abbreviating Info subnodes</a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> <li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-18"><code>b </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> <li><a href="#index-BACKSPACE-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-10"><code>BACKSPACE </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> <li><a href="#index-C_002dl-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-17"><code>C-l </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-clone_002dbuffer-57"><code>clone-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dq-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-55"><code>C-q </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002dr-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-62"><code>C-r </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-C_002ds-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-61"><code>C-s </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-clone_002dbuffer-77"><code>clone-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#Create-Info-buffer">Create Info buffer</a></li> <li><a href="#index-completion-of-Info-node-names-28">completion of Info node names</a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cross-reference-format-74">cross reference format</a>: <a href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cross-reference-format-96">cross reference format</a>: <a href="#Cross_002drefs">Cross-refs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cross-references-in-Info-documents-34">cross references in Info documents</a>: <a href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-d-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-40"><code>d </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-d-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-46"><code>d </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DEL-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-9"><code>DEL </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Directory-node-71">Directory node</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-53"><code>e </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-edit-Info-document-55">edit Info document</a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Directory-node-93">Directory node</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> <li><a href="#index-entering-Info-2">entering Info</a>: <a href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a></li> <li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-35"><code>f </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-format-of-node-headers-69">format of node headers</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-46"><code>g </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-go-to-a-node-by-name-48">go to a node by name</a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-go-to-another-Info-file-49">go to another Info file</a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-go-to-Directory-node-42">go to Directory node</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-go-to-Top-node-45">go to Top node</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-going-back-in-Info-mode-39">going back in Info mode</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-format-of-node-headers-91">format of node headers</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-69"><code>g </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-go-to-a-node-by-name-71">go to a node by name</a>: <a href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-go-to-another-Info-file-72">go to another Info file</a>: <a href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-go-to-Directory-node-48">go to Directory node</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-go-to-Top-node-51">go to Top node</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-going-back-in-Info-history-39">going back in Info history</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-going-forward-in-Info-history-42">going forward in Info history</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> <li><a href="#index-header-of-Info-node-5">header of Info node</a>: <a href="#Help">Help</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-61"><code>i </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-document-as-a-reference-60">Info document as a reference</a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-history-list-of-visited-nodes-45">history list of visited nodes</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-65"><code>i </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-index_002dapropos-68"><code>index-apropos</code></a>: <a href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-document-as-a-reference-57">Info document as a reference</a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-documents-as-tutorials-14">Info documents as tutorials</a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-menus-24">Info menus</a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-reader_002c-how-to-invoke-1">Info reader, how to invoke</a>: <a href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dadditional_002ddirectory_002dlist-84"><code>Info-additional-directory-list</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-info_002dapropos-63"><code>info-apropos</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002ddirectory-41"><code>Info-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-83"><code>Info-directory-list</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dedit-54"><code>Info-edit</code></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002denable_002dactive_002dnodes-89"><code>Info-enable-active-nodes</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002denable_002dedit-90"><code>Info-enable-edit</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dexit-76"><code>Info-exit</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dadditional_002ddirectory_002dlist-80"><code>Info-additional-directory-list</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-info_002dapropos-67"><code>info-apropos</code></a>: <a href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002ddirectory-47"><code>Info-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-79"><code>Info-directory-list</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002denable_002dactive_002dnodes-88"><code>Info-enable-active-nodes</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dexit-53"><code>Info-exit</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dfollow_002dreference-36"><code>Info-follow-reference</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dXref">Help-Xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dfontify-85"><code>Info-fontify</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dgoto_002dnode-47"><code>Info-goto-node</code></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dhide_002dnote_002dreferences-87"><code>Info-hide-note-references</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dindex-62"><code>Info-index</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dlast-38"><code>Info-last</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dfontify_002dmaximum_002dmenu_002dsize-82"><code>Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dfontify_002dvisited_002dnodes-83"><code>Info-fontify-visited-nodes</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dgoto_002dnode-70"><code>Info-goto-node</code></a>: <a href="#Go-to-node">Go to node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dhide_002dnote_002dreferences-85"><code>Info-hide-note-references</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dhistory-44"><code>Info-history</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dhistory_002dback-38"><code>Info-history-back</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dhistory_002dforward-41"><code>Info-history-forward</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dindex-66"><code>Info-index</code></a>: <a href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002disearch_002dsearch-87"><code>Info-isearch-search</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dmenu-26"><code>Info-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dmode_002dhook-81"><code>Info-mode-hook</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dmouse_002dfollow_002dnearest_002dnode-31"><code>Info-mouse-follow-nearest-node</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dnth_002dmenu_002ditem-51"><code>Info-nth-menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dnth_002dmenu_002ditem-74"><code>Info-nth-menu-item</code></a>: <a href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">Choose menu subtopic</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dscroll_002ddown-12"><code>Info-scroll-down</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dscroll_002dprefer_002dsubnodes-88"><code>Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dscroll_002dprefer_002dsubnodes-86"><code>Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dscroll_002dup-11"><code>Info-scroll-up</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dsearch-65"><code>Info-search</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dsearch-59"><code>Info-search</code></a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dsummary-20"><code>Info-summary</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dtagify-79"><code>Info-tagify</code></a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dtop_002dnode-44"><code>Info-top-node</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dtagify-98"><code>Info-tagify</code></a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dtop_002dnode-50"><code>Info-top-node</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info_002dup-33"><code>Info-up</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dFOO">Help-FOO</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002duse_002dheader_002dline-86"><code>Info-use-header-line</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dvalidate-82"><code>Info-validate</code></a>: <a href="#Checking">Checking</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002duse_002dheader_002dline-84"><code>Info-use-header-line</code></a>: <a href="#Emacs-Info-Variables">Emacs Info Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dvalidate-101"><code>Info-validate</code></a>: <a href="#Checking">Checking</a></li> <li><a href="#index-invisible-text-in-Emacs-21">invisible text in Emacs</a>: <a href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch-63"><code>isearch</code></a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-L-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-43"><code>L </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> <li><a href="#index-l-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-37"><code>l </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> <li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-25"><code>m </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002dn-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-56"><code>M-n </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-M_002ds-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-66"><code>M-s </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-menu-and-menu-entry-format-73">menu and menu entry format</a>: <a href="#Menus">Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002dn-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-76"><code>M-n </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Create-Info-buffer">Create Info buffer</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-M_002ds-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-60"><code>M-s </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu-and-menu-entry-format-95">menu and menu entry format</a>: <a href="#Menus">Menus</a></li> <li><a href="#index-menus-in-an-Info-document-23">menus in an Info document</a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mouse-support-in-Info-mode-29">mouse support in Info mode</a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Mouse_002d2-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-30"><code>Mouse-2 </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dM">Help-M</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multiple-Info-buffers-58">multiple Info buffers</a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-multiple-Info-buffers-78">multiple Info buffers</a>: <a href="#Create-Info-buffer">Create Info buffer</a></li> <li><a href="#index-n-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-6"><code>n </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help">Help</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-node-delimiters-67">node delimiters</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-node-header-line-format-68">node header line format</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-node-name-format-70">node name format</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-node-delimiters-89">node delimiters</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-node-header-line-format-90">node header line format</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-node-name-format-92">node name format</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> <li><a href="#index-node_002c-in-Info-documents-4">node, in Info documents</a>: <a href="#Help">Help</a></li> <li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-7"><code>p </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dP">Help-P</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PAGEDOWN-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-16"><code>PAGEDOWN </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PAGEUP-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-15"><code>PAGEUP </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-75"><code>q </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quitting-Info-mode-77">quitting Info mode</a>: <a href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-52"><code>q </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quitting-Info-mode-54">quitting Info mode</a>: <a href="#Help_002dQ">Help-Q</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-40"><code>r </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> <li><a href="#index-reading-Info-documents-top-to-bottom-13">reading Info documents top to bottom</a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-64"><code>s </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-searching-Info-documents-59">searching Info documents</a>: <a href="#Info-Search">Info Search</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-select-_0040var_007bn_007d_0027th-menu-item-52">select <var>n</var>'th menu item</a>: <a href="#Advanced">Advanced</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-58"><code>s </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-Info-documents-56">searching Info documents</a>: <a href="#Search-Text">Search Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-searching-Info-indices-64">searching Info indices</a>: <a href="#Search-Index">Search Index</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-select-_0040var_007bn_007d_0027th-menu-item-75">select <var>n</var>'th menu item</a>: <a href="#Choose-menu-subtopic">Choose menu subtopic</a></li> <li><a href="#index-small-screen_002c-moving-around-3">small screen, moving around</a>: <a href="#Help_002dSmall_002dScreen">Help-Small-Screen</a></li> <li><a href="#index-SPC-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-8"><code>SPC </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002d_005eL">Help-^L</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-stale-tags-tables-80">stale tags tables</a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-t-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-43"><code>t </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tags-tables-in-info-files-78">tags tables in info files</a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-stale-tags-tables-99">stale tags tables</a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-t-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-49"><code>t </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInt">Help-Int</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tags-tables-in-Info-files-97">tags tables in Info files</a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="#index-u-_0040r_007b_0028Info-mode_0029_007d-32"><code>u </code><span class="roman">(Info mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Help_002dFOO">Help-FOO</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unstructured-documents-72">unstructured documents</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-update-Info-tags-table-81">update Info tags table</a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unstructured-documents-94">unstructured documents</a>: <a href="#Add">Add</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-update-Info-tags-table-100">update Info tags table</a>: <a href="#Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="#index-visible_002dmode-22"><code>visible-mode</code></a>: <a href="#Help_002dInv">Help-Inv</a></li> </ul> <div class="footnote"> <hr> @@ -1518,17 +1603,17 @@ we call “Backspace or DEL” in this manual is labeled differently on different keyboards. Look for a key which is a little ways above the <ENTER> or <RET> key and which you normally use outside Emacs to erase the character before the cursor, i.e. the character you -typed last. It might be labeled <span class="samp">Backspace</span> or <span class="samp"><-</span> or -<span class="samp">DEL</span>, or sometimes <span class="samp">Delete</span>.</p> +typed last. It might be labeled ‘<samp><span class="samp">Backspace</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp"><-</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">DEL</span></samp>’, or sometimes ‘<samp><span class="samp">Delete</span></samp>’.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-2" href="#fnd-2">2</a>]</small> If -you put in a <span class="samp">^L</span> to end a new node, be sure that there is a -<span class="samp">^_</span> after it to start the next one, since <span class="samp">^L</span> cannot +you put in a ‘<samp><span class="samp">^L</span></samp>’ to end a new node, be sure that there is a +‘<samp><span class="samp">^_</span></samp>’ after it to start the next one, since ‘<samp><span class="samp">^L</span></samp>’ cannot <em>start</em> a node. Also, a nicer way to make a node boundary be a -page boundary as well is to put a <span class="samp">^L</span> <em>right after</em> the -<span class="samp">^_</span>.</p> +page boundary as well is to put a ‘<samp><span class="samp">^L</span></samp>’ <em>right after</em> the +‘<samp><span class="samp">^_</span></samp>’.</p> - <p><hr></div> + <hr></div> </body></html> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.pdf Binary files differindex 0676759673c..ddd4636cbf6 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/info.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.html b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.html index bd02990f831..77b1530b044 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.html @@ -1,30 +1,31 @@ <html lang="en"> <head> -<title>GNU Texinfo 4.7</title> +<title>GNU Texinfo 4.12</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> -<meta name="description" content="GNU Texinfo 4.7"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7"> +<meta name="description" content="GNU Texinfo 4.12"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- -This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.7, 9 April 2004), +This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.12, 9 April 2008), a documentation system that can produce both online information and a printed manual from a single source. -Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, -1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, +1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 +Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software - Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts - being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts + being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." - (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and - modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by - the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." + (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify + this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in + developing GNU and promoting software freedom." --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <style type="text/css"><!-- @@ -34,12 +35,13 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } - span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } - span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } + span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } + span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } + span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } --></style> </head> <body> -<h1 class="settitle">GNU Texinfo 4.7</h1> +<h1 class="settitle">GNU Texinfo 4.12</h1> <div class="shortcontents"> <h2>Short Contents</h2> <ul> @@ -73,9 +75,9 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, <li><a href="#toc_Include-Files">Appendix D Include Files</a></li> <li><a href="#toc_Headings">Appendix E Page Headings</a></li> <li><a href="#toc_Catching-Mistakes">Appendix F Formatting Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Copying-This-Manual">Appendix G Copying This Manual</a></li> +<li><a href="#toc_GNU-Free-Documentation-License">Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> <li><a href="#toc_Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a></li> -<li><a href="#toc_Concept-Index">Concept Index</a></li> +<li><a href="#toc_General-Index">General Index</a></li> </ul> </div> @@ -239,9 +241,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, <li><a href="#option">9.1.11 <code>@option</code>{<var>option-name</var>}</a> <li><a href="#dfn">9.1.12 <code>@dfn</code>{<var>term</var>}</a> <li><a href="#cite">9.1.13 <code>@cite</code>{<var>reference</var>}</a> -<li><a href="#acronym">9.1.14 <code>@acronym</code>{<var>acronym</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</a> -<li><a href="#indicateurl">9.1.15 <code>@indicateurl</code>{<var>uniform-resource-locator</var>}</a> -<li><a href="#email">9.1.16 <code>@email</code>{<var>email-address</var>[, <var>displayed-text</var>]}</a> +<li><a href="#abbr">9.1.14 <code>@abbr</code>{<var>abbreviation</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</a> +<li><a href="#acronym">9.1.15 <code>@acronym</code>{<var>acronym</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</a> +<li><a href="#indicateurl">9.1.16 <code>@indicateurl</code>{<var>uniform-resource-locator</var>}</a> +<li><a href="#email">9.1.17 <code>@email</code>{<var>email-address</var>[, <var>displayed-text</var>]}</a> </li></ul> <li><a href="#Emphasis">9.2 Emphasizing Text</a> <ul> @@ -288,9 +291,9 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, <ul> <li><a href="#Floats">12.1 Floats</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#float">12.1.1 <code>@float</code> [<var>type</var>][,<var>label</var>]: Floating material</a> +<li><a href="#float">12.1.1 <code>@float</code> [<var>type</var>][,<var>label</var>]: Floating Material</a> <li><a href="#caption-shortcaption">12.1.2 <code>@caption</code> & <code>@shortcaption</code></a> -<li><a href="#listoffloats">12.1.3 <code>@listoffloats</code>: Tables of contents for floats</a> +<li><a href="#listoffloats">12.1.3 <code>@listoffloats</code>: Tables of Contents for Floats</a> </li></ul> <li><a href="#Images">12.2 Inserting Images</a> <ul> @@ -323,37 +326,44 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, <li><a href="#Inserting-Braces">14.1.2 Inserting `{' and `}' with <code>@{</code> and <code>@}</code></a> <li><a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">14.1.3 Inserting `,' with <code>@comma{}</code></a> </li></ul> -<li><a href="#Inserting-Space">14.2 Inserting Space</a> +<li><a href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">14.2 Inserting Quote Characters</a> +<li><a href="#Inserting-Space">14.3 Inserting Space</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">14.2.1 Not Ending a Sentence</a> -<li><a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">14.2.2 Ending a Sentence</a> -<li><a href="#Multiple-Spaces">14.2.3 Multiple Spaces</a> -<li><a href="#dmn">14.2.4 <code>@dmn</code>{<var>dimension</var>}: Format a Dimension</a> +<li><a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">14.3.1 Not Ending a Sentence</a> +<li><a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">14.3.2 Ending a Sentence</a> +<li><a href="#Multiple-Spaces">14.3.3 Multiple Spaces</a> +<li><a href="#frenchspacing">14.3.4 <code>@frenchspacing</code> <var>val</var>: Control sentence spacing</a> +<li><a href="#dmn">14.3.5 <code>@dmn</code>{<var>dimension</var>}: Format a Dimension</a> </li></ul> -<li><a href="#Inserting-Accents">14.3 Inserting Accents</a> -<li><a href="#Dots-Bullets">14.4 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets</a> +<li><a href="#Inserting-Accents">14.4 Inserting Accents</a> +<li><a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">14.5 Inserting Quotation Marks</a> +<li><a href="#Dots-Bullets">14.6 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#dots">14.4.1 <code>@dots</code>{} (<small class="dots">...</small>) and <code>@enddots</code>{} (<small class="enddots">....</small>)</a> -<li><a href="#bullet">14.4.2 <code>@bullet</code>{} (•)</a> +<li><a href="#dots">14.6.1 <code>@dots</code>{} (<small class="dots">...</small>) and <code>@enddots</code>{} (<small class="enddots">...</small>)</a> +<li><a href="#bullet">14.6.2 <code>@bullet</code>{} (•)</a> </li></ul> -<li><a href="#TeX-and-copyright">14.5 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: ©, ®</a> +<li><a href="#TeX-and-copyright">14.7 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: ©, ®</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#tex">14.5.1 <code>@TeX</code>{} (TeX) and <code>@LaTeX</code>{} (LaTeX)</a> -<li><a href="#copyright-symbol">14.5.2 <code>@copyright{}</code> (©)</a> -<li><a href="#registered-symbol">14.5.3 <code>@registeredsymbol{}</code> (®)</a> +<li><a href="#tex">14.7.1 <code>@TeX</code>{} (TeX) and <code>@LaTeX</code>{} (LaTeX)</a> +<li><a href="#copyright-symbol">14.7.2 <code>@copyright{}</code> (©)</a> +<li><a href="#registered-symbol">14.7.3 <code>@registeredsymbol{}</code> (®)</a> </li></ul> -<li><a href="#pounds">14.6 <code>@pounds</code>{} (£): Pounds Sterling</a> -<li><a href="#minus">14.7 <code>@minus</code>{} (−): Inserting a Minus Sign</a> -<li><a href="#math">14.8 <code>@math</code>: Inserting Mathematical Expressions</a> -<li><a href="#Glyphs">14.9 Glyphs for Examples</a> +<li><a href="#euro">14.8 <code>@euro</code>{} (€): Euro Currency Symbol</a> +<li><a href="#pounds">14.9 <code>@pounds</code>{} (£): Pounds Sterling</a> +<li><a href="#textdegree">14.10 <code>@textdegree</code>{} (°): Degrees Symbol</a> +<li><a href="#minus">14.11 <code>@minus</code>{} (−): Inserting a Minus Sign</a> +<li><a href="#geq-leq">14.12 <code>@geq{}</code> (≥) and <code>@leq{}</code> (≤): Inserting relations</a> +<li><a href="#math">14.13 <code>@math</code>: Inserting Mathematical Expressions</a> +<li><a href="#Click-Sequences">14.14 Click Sequences</a> +<li><a href="#Glyphs">14.15 Glyphs for Examples</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Glyphs-Summary">14.9.1 Glyphs Summary</a> -<li><a href="#result">14.9.2 <code>@result{}</code> (=>): Indicating Evaluation</a> -<li><a href="#expansion">14.9.3 <code>@expansion{}</code> (==>): Indicating an Expansion</a> -<li><a href="#Print-Glyph">14.9.4 <code>@print{}</code> (-|): Indicating Printed Output</a> -<li><a href="#Error-Glyph">14.9.5 <code>@error{}</code> (error-->): Indicating an Error Message</a> -<li><a href="#Equivalence">14.9.6 <code>@equiv{}</code> (==): Indicating Equivalence</a> -<li><a href="#Point-Glyph">14.9.7 <code>@point{}</code> (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer</a> +<li><a href="#Glyphs-Summary">14.15.1 Glyphs Summary</a> +<li><a href="#result">14.15.2 <code>@result{}</code> (⇒): Indicating Evaluation</a> +<li><a href="#expansion">14.15.3 <code>@expansion{}</code> (==>): Indicating an Expansion</a> +<li><a href="#Print-Glyph">14.15.4 <code>@print{}</code> (-|): Indicating Printed Output</a> +<li><a href="#Error-Glyph">14.15.5 <code>@error{}</code> (error-->): Indicating an Error Message</a> +<li><a href="#Equivalence">14.15.6 <code>@equiv{}</code> (==): Indicating Equivalence</a> +<li><a href="#Point-Glyph">14.15.7 <code>@point{}</code> (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Breaks" href="#Breaks">15 Forcing and Preventing Breaks</a> @@ -361,12 +371,13 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, <li><a href="#Break-Commands">15.1 Break Commands</a> <li><a href="#Line-Breaks">15.2 <code>@*</code> and <code>@/</code>: Generate and Allow Line Breaks</a> <li><a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">15.3 <code>@-</code> and <code>@hyphenation</code>: Helping TeX Hyphenate</a> -<li><a href="#w">15.4 <code>@w</code>{<var>text</var>}: Prevent Line Breaks</a> -<li><a href="#tie">15.5 <code>@tie{}</code>: Inserting an Unbreakable Space</a> -<li><a href="#sp">15.6 <code>@sp</code> <var>n</var>: Insert Blank Lines</a> -<li><a href="#page">15.7 <code>@page</code>: Start a New Page</a> -<li><a href="#group">15.8 <code>@group</code>: Prevent Page Breaks</a> -<li><a href="#need">15.9 <code>@need </code><var>mils</var>: Prevent Page Breaks</a> +<li><a href="#allowcodebreaks">15.4 <code>@allowcodebreaks</code>: Control Line Breaks in <code>@code</code></a> +<li><a href="#w">15.5 <code>@w</code>{<var>text</var>}: Prevent Line Breaks</a> +<li><a href="#tie">15.6 <code>@tie{}</code>: Inserting an Unbreakable Space</a> +<li><a href="#sp">15.7 <code>@sp</code> <var>n</var>: Insert Blank Lines</a> +<li><a href="#page">15.8 <code>@page</code>: Start a New Page</a> +<li><a href="#group">15.9 <code>@group</code>: Prevent Page Breaks</a> +<li><a href="#need">15.10 <code>@need </code><var>mils</var>: Prevent Page Breaks</a> </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Definition-Commands" href="#Definition-Commands">16 Definition Commands</a> <ul> @@ -405,16 +416,16 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Internationalization" href="#Internationalization">18 Internationalization</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#documentlanguage">18.1 <code>@documentlanguage </code><var>cc</var>: Set the Document Language</a> +<li><a href="#documentlanguage">18.1 <code>@documentlanguage </code><var>ll</var><code>[_</code><var>cc</var><code>]</code>: Set the Document Language</a> <li><a href="#documentencoding">18.2 <code>@documentencoding </code><var>enc</var>: Set Input Encoding</a> </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">19 Defining New Texinfo Commands</a> <ul> <li><a href="#Defining-Macros">19.1 Defining Macros</a> <li><a href="#Invoking-Macros">19.2 Invoking Macros</a> -<li><a href="#Macro-Details">19.3 Macro Details</a> -<li><a href="#alias">19.4 <span class="samp">@alias </span><var>new</var><span class="samp">=</span><var>existing</var></a> -<li><a href="#definfoenclose">19.5 <span class="samp">definfoenclose</span>: Customized Highlighting</a> +<li><a href="#Macro-Details">19.3 Macro Details and Caveats</a> +<li><a href="#alias">19.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">@alias </span><var>new</var><span class="samp">=</span><var>existing</var></samp>’</a> +<li><a href="#definfoenclose">19.5 ‘<samp><span class="samp">definfoenclose</span></samp>’: Customized Highlighting</a> </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Hardcopy" href="#Hardcopy">20 Formatting and Printing Hardcopy</a> <ul> @@ -450,11 +461,11 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, </li></ul> <li><a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">21.2 Installing an Info File</a> <ul> -<li><a href="#Directory-File">21.2.1 The Directory File <span class="file">dir</span></a> +<li><a href="#Directory-File">21.2.1 The Directory File <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp></a> <li><a href="#New-Info-File">21.2.2 Listing a New Info File</a> <li><a href="#Other-Info-Directories">21.2.3 Info Files in Other Directories</a> <li><a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">21.2.4 Installing Info Directory Files</a> -<li><a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">21.2.5 Invoking <span class="command">install-info</span></a> +<li><a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">21.2.5 Invoking <samp><span class="command">install-info</span></samp></a> </li></ul> </li></ul> <li><a name="toc_Generating-HTML" href="#Generating-HTML">22 Generating HTML</a> @@ -513,47 +524,26 @@ Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, <li><a href="#Splitting">F.6.4 Splitting a File Manually</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Copying-This-Manual" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Appendix G Copying This Manual</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">G.1 GNU Free Documentation License</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">G.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> +<li><a name="toc_GNU-Free-Documentation-License" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License</a> <li><a name="toc_Command-and-Variable-Index" href="#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a> -<li><a name="toc_Concept-Index" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a> +<li><a name="toc_General-Index" href="#General-Index">General Index</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Top"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a>, +<a name="Top"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="unnumbered">Texinfo</h2> -<p>This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.7, 9 April 2004), +<p>This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.12, 9 April 2008), a documentation system that can produce both online information and a printed manual from a single source. - <p>Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, -1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - <blockquote> -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no -Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being “A GNU Manual,” -and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is -included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” - - <p>(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and modify -this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free -Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.” -</blockquote> - <p>The first part of this master menu lists the major nodes in this Info document, including the @-command and concept indices. The rest of the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. @@ -591,9 +581,9 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. <li><a href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a>: How to incorporate other Texinfo files. <li><a href="#Headings">Headings</a>: How to write page headings and footings. <li><a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a>: How to find formatting mistakes. -<li><a href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>: The GNU Free Documentation License. +<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: Copying this manual. <li><a href="#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>: A menu containing commands and variables. -<li><a href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>: A menu covering many topics. +<li><a href="#General-Index">General Index</a>: A menu covering many topics. </li></ul> <p>--- The Detailed Node Listing --- @@ -827,6 +817,7 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. <li><a href="#option">option</a>: Indicating option names. <li><a href="#dfn">dfn</a>: Specifying definitions. <li><a href="#cite">cite</a>: Referring to books not in the Info system. +<li><a href="#abbr">abbr</a>: Indicating abbreviations. <li><a href="#acronym">acronym</a>: Indicating acronyms. <li><a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>: Indicating a World Wide Web reference. <li><a href="#email">email</a>: Indicating an electronic mail address. @@ -950,15 +941,21 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. </p> <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a>: Inserting @ and {} and ,. +<li><a href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a>: Inserting left and right quotes, in code. <li><a href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>: How to insert the right amount of space within a sentence. <li><a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>: How to insert accents and special characters. +<li><a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>: How to insert quotation marks. <li><a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>: How to insert dots and bullets. <li><a href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>: How to insert the TeX logo and the copyright symbol. +<li><a href="#euro">euro</a>: How to insert the Euro currency symbol. <li><a href="#pounds">pounds</a>: How to insert the pounds currency symbol. +<li><a href="#textdegree">textdegree</a>: How to insert the degrees symbol. <li><a href="#minus">minus</a>: How to insert a minus sign. +<li><a href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a>: How to insert greater/less-than-or-equal signs. <li><a href="#math">math</a>: How to format a mathematical expression. +<li><a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>: Inserting GUI usage sequences. <li><a href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a>: How to indicate results of evaluation, expansion of macros, errors, etc. @@ -979,6 +976,7 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. <li><a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>: Sometimes a . doesn't end a sentence. <li><a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>: Sometimes it does. <li><a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>: Inserting multiple spaces. +<li><a href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a>: Specifying end-of-sentence spacing. <li><a href="#dmn">dmn</a>: How to format a dimension. </li></ul> @@ -1030,7 +1028,8 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="#Break-Commands">Break Commands</a>: Summary of break-related commands. <li><a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>: Forcing line breaks. -<li><a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>: Helping TeX with hyphenation points. +<li><a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>: Helping TeX with hyphenation points. +<li><a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a>: Controlling line breaks within @code text. <li><a href="#w">w</a>: Preventing unwanted line breaks in text. <li><a href="#tie">tie</a>: Inserting an unbreakable but varying space. <li><a href="#sp">sp</a>: Inserting blank lines. @@ -1210,13 +1209,8 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. <li><a href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a> </li></ul> -<p>Copying This Manual +<p>GNU Free Documentation License -</p> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: License for copying this manual. - -</li></ul> <p>Include Files </p> @@ -1262,18 +1256,11 @@ the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document. <li><a href="#Tagifying">Tagifying</a>: How to tagify a file. <li><a href="#Splitting">Splitting</a>: How to split a file manually. -</li></ul> -<p>Copying This Manual - -</p> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: License for copying this manual. - </ul> <!-- Reward readers for getting to the end of the menu :). --> <!-- Contributed by Arnold Robbins. --> -<blockquote> + <blockquote> Documentation is like sex: when it is good, it is very, very good; and when it is bad, it is better than nothing. —Dick Brandon @@ -1281,17 +1268,18 @@ when it is bad, it is better than nothing. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Copying-Conditions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overview">Overview</a>, +<a name="Copying-Conditions"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overview">Overview</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="unnumbered">Texinfo Copying Conditions</h2> <p><a name="index-Copying-conditions-1"></a><a name="index-Conditions-for-copying-Texinfo-2"></a> The programs currently being distributed that relate to Texinfo include -<code>makeinfo</code>, <code>info</code>, <code>texindex</code>, and <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>. +<code>makeinfo</code>, <code>info</code>, <code>texindex</code>, and <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>. These programs are <dfn>free</dfn>; this means that everyone is free to use them and free to redistribute them on a free basis. The Texinfo-related programs are not in the public domain; they are copyrighted and there @@ -1326,10 +1314,11 @@ the GNU Free Documentation License (see <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Overview"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a>, +<a name="Overview"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">1 Overview of Texinfo</h2> @@ -1359,9 +1348,10 @@ that one document. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Reporting-Bugs"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a>, +<a name="Reporting-Bugs"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.1 Reporting Bugs</h3> @@ -1379,7 +1369,7 @@ to reproduce the problem. Generally speaking, that means: <li>hardware and operating system names and versions. <li>the contents of any input files necessary to reproduce the bug. <li>a description of the problem and samples of any erroneous output. -<li>any unusual options you gave to <span class="command">configure</span>. +<li>any unusual options you gave to <samp><span class="command">configure</span></samp>. <li>anything else that you think would be helpful. </ul> @@ -1387,19 +1377,15 @@ to reproduce the problem. Generally speaking, that means: better to include too much than to leave out something important. <p><a name="index-Patches_002c-contributing-9"></a>Patches are most welcome; if possible, please make them with -<span class="samp">diff -c<!-- /@w --></span> (see <a href="diff.html#Top">Overview (Comparing and Merging Files)</a>) and include <span class="file">ChangeLog</span> entries (see <a href="emacs.html#Change-Log">Change Log (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>). - - <p>When sending patches, if possible please do not encode or split them in -any way; it's much easier to deal with one plain text message, however -large, than many small ones. <a href="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sharutils/">GNU shar</a> is a convenient way of packaging multiple and/or binary files -for email. +‘<samp><span class="samp">diff -c<!-- /@w --></span></samp>’ (see <a href="diff.html#Top">Overview</a>) and include <samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> entries (see <a href="emacs.html#Change-Log">Change Log</a>), and follow the existing coding style. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Using-Texinfo"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>, +<a name="Using-Texinfo"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.2 Using Texinfo</h3> @@ -1418,8 +1404,8 @@ details and the exact commands to generate output from the source. computer terminals; the HTML output works with virtually all web browsers. Thus Texinfo can be used by almost any computer user. - <p><a name="index-Source-file-format-13"></a>A Texinfo source file is a plain <span class="sc">ascii</span> file containing text -interspersed with <dfn>@-commands</dfn> (words preceded by an <span class="samp">@</span>) + <p><a name="index-Source-file-format-13"></a>A Texinfo source file is a plain ASCII file containing text +interspersed with <dfn>@-commands</dfn> (words preceded by an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’) that tell the typesetting and formatting programs what to do. You can edit a Texinfo file with any text editor, but it is especially convenient to use GNU Emacs since that editor has a special mode, @@ -1433,10 +1419,11 @@ information is available at the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/doc/">GNU documentat <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Output-Formats"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Info-Files">Info Files</a>, +<a name="Output-Formats"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Info-Files">Info Files</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.3 Output Formats</h3> @@ -1446,33 +1433,33 @@ Here is a brief overview of the output formats currently supported by Texinfo. <dl> -<dt>Info<dd><a name="index-Info-output-16"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">makeinfo</span>.) This format is essentially a +<dt>Info<dd><a name="index-Info-output-16"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>.) This format is essentially a plain text transliteration of the Texinfo source. It adds a few control characters to separate nodes and provide navigational information for menus, cross-references, indices, and so on. See the next section (see <a href="#Info-Files">Info Files</a>) for more details on this format. -The Emacs Info subsystem (see <a href="info.html#Top">Getting Started (Info)</a>), -and the standalone <span class="command">info</span> program (see <a href="info-stnd.html#Top">Info Standalone (GNU Info)</a>), among others, can read these +The Emacs Info subsystem (see <a href="info.html#Top">Getting Started</a>), +and the standalone <samp><span class="command">info</span></samp> program (see <a href="info-stnd.html#Top">Info Standalone</a>), among others, can read these files. See <a href="#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a>. - <br><dt>Plain text<dd><a name="index-Plain-text-output-17"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">makeinfo --no-headers</span>.) This is almost the + <br><dt>Plain text<dd><a name="index-Plain-text-output-17"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">makeinfo --no-headers</span></samp>.) This is almost the same as Info output, except the navigational control characters are -omitted. +omitted. Also, standard output is used by default. - <br><dt>HTML<dd><a name="index-HTML-output-18"></a><a name="index-W3-consortium-19"></a><a name="index-Mozilla-20"></a><a name="index-Lynx-21"></a><a name="index-Emacs_002dW3-22"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">makeinfo --html</span>.) This is the Hyper Text + <br><dt>HTML<dd><a name="index-HTML-output-18"></a><a name="index-W3-consortium-19"></a><a name="index-Mozilla-20"></a><a name="index-Lynx-21"></a><a name="index-Emacs_002dW3-22"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">makeinfo --html</span></samp>.) This is the Hyper Text Markup Language that has become the most commonly used language for writing documents on the World Wide Web. Web browsers, such as Mozilla, Lynx, and Emacs-W3, can render this language online. There -are many versions of HTML; <span class="command">makeinfo</span> tries to use a subset +are many versions of HTML; <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> tries to use a subset of the language that can be interpreted by any common browser. For details of the HTML language and much related information, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/">http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/</a>. See <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>. - <br><dt>DVI<dd><a name="index-DVI-output-23"></a><a name="index-dvips-24"></a><a name="index-xdvi-25"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">texi2dvi</span>.) This DeVice Independent binary + <br><dt>DVI<dd><a name="index-DVI-output-23"></a><a name="index-dvips-24"></a><a name="index-xdvi-25"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp>.) This DeVice Independent binary format is output by the TeX typesetting program (<a href="http://tug.org">http://tug.org</a>). This is then read by a DVI `driver', which writes the actual device-specific commands that can be viewed or -printed, notably Dvips for translation to PostScript (see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips (Dvips)</a>) and Xdvi for viewing on an X display +printed, notably Dvips for translation to PostScript (see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>) and Xdvi for viewing on an X display (<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/xdvi/">http://sourceforge.net/projects/xdvi/</a>). See <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a>. <p>Be aware that the Texinfo language is very different from and much @@ -1481,24 +1468,27 @@ For more information on TeX in general, please see the book <cite>TeX for the Impatient</cite>, available from <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient">http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient</a>. - <br><dt>PDF<dd><a name="index-PDF-output-26"></a><a name="index-Beebe_002c-Nelson-27"></a><a name="index-pdftex-28"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">texi2dvi --pdf</span>.) This format, based on -PostScript, was developed by Adobe Systems for document interchange. -It is intended to be platform-independent and easily viewable, among -other design goals; for a discussion, see -<a href="http://tug.org/tugboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72beebeI.pdf">http://tug.org/tugboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72beebeI.pdf</a>. Texinfo -uses the <span class="command">pdftex</span> program, a variant of TeX, to output pdf; -see <a href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</a>. See <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>. - - <br><dt>XML<dd><a name="index-XML-output-29"></a><a name="index-DTD_002c-for-Texinfo-XML-30"></a><a name="index-texinfo_002edtd-31"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">makeinfo --xml</span>.) XML is a generic syntax + <br><dt>PDF<dd><a name="index-PDF-output-26"></a><a name="index-Beebe_002c-Nelson-27"></a><a name="index-pdftex-28"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi --pdf</span></samp> or <samp><span class="command">texi2pdf</span></samp>.) This +format was developed by Adobe Systems for portable document +interchange, based on their previous PostScript language. It can +represent the exact appearance of a document, including fonts and +graphics, and supporting arbitrary scaling. It is intended to be +platform-independent and easily viewable, among other design goals; +<a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72beebe-pdf.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72beebe-pdf.pdf</a> has +some background. Texinfo uses the <samp><span class="command">pdftex</span></samp> program, a variant +of TeX, to output PDF; see +<a href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</a>. See <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>. + + <br><dt>XML<dd><a name="index-XML-output-29"></a><a name="index-DTD_002c-for-Texinfo-XML-30"></a><a name="index-texinfo_002edtd-31"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">makeinfo --xml</span></samp>.) XML is a generic syntax specification usable for any sort of content (see, for example, -<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">http://www.w3.org/XML/</a>). The <span class="command">makeinfo</span> xml output, +<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">http://www.w3.org/XML/</a>). The <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> XML output, unlike all the formats above, interprets very little of the Texinfo source. Rather, it merely translates the Texinfo markup commands into XML syntax, for processing by further XML tools. The particular -syntax output is defined in the file <span class="file">texinfo.dtd</span> included in +syntax output is defined in the file <samp><span class="file">texinfo.dtd</span></samp> included in the Texinfo source distribution. - <br><dt>Docbook<dd><a name="index-Docbook-output-32"></a>(Generated via <span class="command">makeinfo --docbook</span>.) This is an XML-based + <br><dt>Docbook<dd><a name="index-Docbook-output-32"></a>(Generated via <samp><span class="command">makeinfo --docbook</span></samp>.) This is an XML-based format developed some years ago, primarily for technical documentation. It therefore bears some resemblance, in broad outlines, to Texinfo. See <a href="http://www.docbook.org">http://www.docbook.org</a>. If you want @@ -1518,8 +1508,8 @@ different output formats. You might as well just write the man page directly. <p><a name="index-help2man-34"></a><a name="index-O_0027Dea_002c-Brendan-35"></a>Man pages still have their place, and if you wish to support them, you -may find the program <span class="command">help2man</span> to be useful; it generates a -traditional man page from the <span class="samp">--help</span> output of a program. In +may find the program <samp><span class="command">help2man</span></samp> to be useful; it generates a +traditional man page from the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ output of a program. In fact, this is currently used to generate man pages for the programs in the Texinfo distribution. It is GNU software written by Brendan O'Dea, available from <a href="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/help2man/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/help2man/</a>. @@ -1534,10 +1524,11 @@ modify <code>makeinfo</code> to generate the new format. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Info-Files"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a>, +<a name="Info-Files"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.4 Info Files</h3> @@ -1555,7 +1546,7 @@ which are identified by their names. The Info program displays one node at a time, and provides commands with which the user can move to other related nodes. - <p>See <a href="info.html#Top">Top (GNU Info)</a>, for more information about using Info. + <p>See <a href="info.html#Top">Top</a>, for more information about using Info. <p>Each node of an Info file may have any number of child nodes that describe subtopics of the node's topic. The names of child @@ -1605,7 +1596,7 @@ systematically by going from node to node, or you can go to a specific node listed in the main menu, or you can search the index menus and then go directly to the node that has the information you want. Alternatively, with the standalone Info program, you can specify specific menu items on -the command line (see <a href="info.html#Top">Top (Info)</a>). +the command line (see <a href="info.html#Top">Top</a>). <p>If you want to read through an Info file in sequence, as if it were a printed manual, you can hit <SPC> repeatedly, or you get the whole @@ -1617,7 +1608,7 @@ file with the advanced Info command <kbd>g *</kbd>. (see <a href="info.html#Adv <!-- /usr/gnu/info mentioned in info.c DEFAULT_INFOPATH --> <!-- /usr/local/info --> <!-- /usr/local/lib/info --> -<p>The <span class="file">dir</span> file in the <span class="file">info</span> directory serves as the + <p>The <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file in the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory serves as the departure point for the whole Info system. From it, you can reach the `Top' nodes of each of the documents in a complete Info system. @@ -1628,14 +1619,15 @@ Emacs/W3, for example: info:emacs#Dissociated%20Press info://localhost/usr/info/emacs#Dissociated%20Press </pre> - <p>The <span class="command">info</span> program itself does not follow URI's of any kind. + <p>The <samp><span class="command">info</span></samp> program itself does not follow URIs of any kind. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Printed-Books"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a>, +<a name="Printed-Books"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Info-Files">Info Files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.5 Printed Books</h3> @@ -1657,13 +1649,13 @@ this latter application is not recommended since electronic mail is so much easier. <p>TeX is a general purpose typesetting program. Texinfo provides a -file <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> that contains information (definitions or +file <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> that contains information (definitions or <dfn>macros</dfn>) that TeX uses when it typesets a Texinfo file. -(<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> tells TeX how to convert the Texinfo @-commands +(<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> tells TeX how to convert the Texinfo @-commands to TeX commands, which TeX can then process to create the typeset -document.) <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> contains the specifications for printing -a document. You can get the latest version of <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> from -<a href="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo.tex">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo.tex</a>. +document.) <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> contains the specifications for printing +a document. You can get the latest version of <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> from +the Texinfo home page, <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/</a>. <p>In the United States, documents are most often printed on 8.5 inch by 11 inch pages (216<span class="dmn">mm</span> by 280<span class="dmn">mm</span>); this is the default size. But @@ -1671,7 +1663,7 @@ you can also print for 7 inch by 9.25 inch pages (178<span class="dmn">mm</span> 235<span class="dmn">mm</span>, the <code>@smallbook</code> size; or on A4 or A5 size paper (<code>@afourpaper</code>, <code>@afivepaper</code>). (See <a href="#smallbook">Printing “Small” Books</a>. Also, see <a href="#A4-Paper">Printing on A4 Paper</a>.) - <p>By changing the parameters in <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>, you can change the + <p>By changing the parameters in <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>, you can change the size of the printed document. In addition, you can change the style in which the printed document is formatted; for example, you can change the sizes and fonts used, the amount of indentation for each paragraph, the @@ -1682,7 +1674,7 @@ light-hearted, young and cheery. <p>TeX is freely distributable. It is written in a superset of Pascal called WEB and can be compiled either in Pascal or (by using a conversion program that comes with the TeX distribution) in C. -(See <a href="emacs.html#TeX-Mode">TeX Mode (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for information +(See <a href="emacs.html#TeX-Mode">TeX Mode</a>, for information about TeX.) <p>TeX is very powerful and has a great many features. Because a @@ -1695,19 +1687,20 @@ formatting commands that Texinfo supports are necessarily limited. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Formatting-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conventions">Conventions</a>, +<a name="Formatting-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conventions">Conventions</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.6 @-commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-_0040_0040_002dcommands-46"></a><a name="index-Formatting-commands-47"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommands-46"></a><a name="index-Formatting-commands-47"></a> In a Texinfo file, the commands that tell TeX how to typeset the printed manual and tell <code>makeinfo</code> and <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> how to create an Info file are preceded -by <span class="samp">@</span>; they are called <dfn>@-commands</dfn>. For example, +by ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’; they are called <dfn>@-commands</dfn>. For example, <code>@node</code> is the command to indicate a node and <code>@chapter</code> is the command to indicate the start of a chapter. @@ -1736,7 +1729,7 @@ followed by the command's arguments, in this case the chapter title, on the rest of the line. (<code>@chapter</code> creates chapter titles.) <li>Write a command such as <code>@dots{}</code> wherever you wish but usually -within a sentence. (<code>@dots{}</code> creates dots <small class="dots">...</small>) +within a sentence. (<code>@dots{}</code> creates an ellipsis <small class="dots">...</small>) <li>Write a command such as <code>@code{</code><var>sample-code</var><code>}</code> wherever you wish (but usually within a sentence) with its argument, @@ -1765,10 +1758,11 @@ commands followed exactly the same syntax. See <a href="#Command-Syntax">@-Comm <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Conventions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Comments">Comments</a>, +<a name="Conventions"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Comments">Comments</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.7 General Syntactic Conventions</h3> @@ -1777,13 +1771,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> This section describes the general conventions used in all Texinfo documents. <ul> -<li><a name="index-Source-files_002c-characters-used-53"></a>All printable <span class="sc">ascii</span> characters except <span class="samp">@</span>, <span class="samp">{</span> and -<span class="samp">}</span> can appear in a Texinfo file and stand for themselves. -<span class="samp">@</span> is the escape character which introduces commands, while -<span class="samp">{</span> and <span class="samp">}</span> are used to surround arguments to certain +<li><a name="index-Source-files_002c-characters-used-53"></a>All printable ASCII characters except ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ can appear in a Texinfo file and stand for themselves. +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is the escape character which introduces commands, while +‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ are used to surround arguments to certain commands. To put one of these special characters into the document, put -an <span class="samp">@</span> character in front of it, like this: <span class="samp">@@</span>, -<span class="samp">@{</span>, and <span class="samp">@}</span>. +an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ character in front of it, like this: ‘<samp><span class="samp">@@</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">@{</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@}</span></samp>’. <li><a name="index-Paragraph-separator-54"></a><a name="index-Blank-lines_002c-as-paragraph-separator-55"></a><a name="index-Newlines_002c-as-blank-lines-56"></a>Separate paragraphs with one or more blank lines. Currently Texinfo only recognizes newline characters as end of line, not the CRLF @@ -1792,63 +1786,47 @@ consecutive newlines. Sometimes blank lines are useful or convenient in other cases as well; you can use the <code>@noindent</code> to inhibit paragraph indentation if required (see <a href="#noindent"><code>@noindent</code></a>). - <li><a name="index-Quotation-characters-_0028_0060_0027_0029_002c-in-source-57"></a>Use doubled single-quote characters to begin and end quotations: -<tt>`<!-- /@w -->`<small class="dots">...</small>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt><!-- /@w -->. TeX converts two single quotes to -left- and right-hand doubled quotation marks, -<!-- this comes out as "like this" in Info, which is just confusing. --> -and Info converts doubled single-quote characters to <span class="sc">ascii</span> -double-quotes: <tt>`<!-- /@w -->`<small class="dots">...</small>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt><!-- /@w --> becomes <tt>"<small class="dots">...</small>"</tt><!-- /@w -->. - - <p>You may occasionally need to produce two consecutive single quotes; -for example, in documenting a computer language such as Maxima where -<tt>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt> is a valid command. You can do this with the input -<tt>'@w{}'</tt>; the empty <code>@w</code> command stops the combination into -the double-quote characters. - - <p><a name="index-Unicode-quotation-characters-58"></a><a name="index-Grave-accent_002c-vs_002e_0040_003a-left-quote-59"></a>The left quote character (<tt>`</tt>, ASCII code 96) used in Texinfo is a -grave accent in ANSI and ISO character set standards. We use it as a -quote character because that is how TeX is set up, by default. We -hope to eventually support the various quotation characters in -Unicode. + <li>Texinfo supports the usual quotation marks used in English, and +quotation marks used in other languages, please see <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>. - <li><a name="index-Multiple-dashes-in-source-60"></a><a name="index-Dashes-in-source-61"></a><a name="index-Hyphens-in-source_002c-two-or-three-in-a-row-62"></a><a name="index-Em-dash_002c-producing-63"></a><a name="index-En-dash_002c-producing-64"></a>Use three hyphens in a row, <span class="samp">---</span>, to produce a long dash—like + <li><a name="index-Multiple-dashes-in-source-57"></a><a name="index-Dashes-in-source-58"></a><a name="index-Hyphens-in-source_002c-two-or-three-in-a-row-59"></a><a name="index-Em-dash_002c-producing-60"></a><a name="index-En-dash_002c-producing-61"></a>Use three hyphens in a row, ‘<samp><span class="samp">---</span></samp>’, to produce a long dash—like this (called an <dfn>em dash</dfn>), used for punctuation in sentences. -Use two hyphens, <span class="samp">--</span>, to produce a medium dash–like this -(called an <dfn>en dash</dfn>), used to separate numeric ranges. Use a -single hyphen, <span class="samp">-</span>, to produce a standard hyphen used in compound -words. For display on the screen, Info reduces three hyphens to two -and two hyphens to one (not transitively!). Of course, any number of -hyphens in the source remain as they are in literal contexts, such as -<code>@code</code> and <code>@example</code>. - - <li><a name="index-Tabs_003b-don_0027t-use_0021-65"></a><strong>Caution:</strong> Last and most important, do not use tab characters -in a Texinfo file (except in verbatim modes)! TeX uses -variable-width fonts, which means that it is impractical at best to -define a tab to work in all circumstances. Consequently, TeX -treats tabs like single spaces, and that is not what they look like in -the source. Furthermore, <code>makeinfo</code> does nothing special with -tabs, and thus a tab character in your input file will usually appear -differently in the output. - - <p class="noindent">To avoid this problem, Texinfo mode causes GNU Emacs to insert multiple -spaces when you press the <TAB> key. - - <p class="noindent">Also, you can run <code>untabify</code> in Emacs to convert tabs in a region -to multiple spaces, or use the <code>unexpand</code> command from the shell. +Use two hyphens, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’, to produce a medium dash (called an +<dfn>en dash</dfn>), used primarily for numeric ranges, as in “June +25–26”. Use a single hyphen, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, to produce a standard hyphen +used in compound words. For display on the screen, Info reduces three +hyphens to two and two hyphens to one (not transitively!). Of course, +any number of hyphens in the source remain as they are in literal +contexts, such as <code>@code</code> and <code>@example</code>. + + <li><a name="index-Tabs_003b-don_0027t-use_0021-62"></a><strong>Caution:</strong> Last, do not use tab characters in a Texinfo file +(except in verbatim modes)! TeX uses variable-width fonts, which +means that it is impractical at best to define a tab to work in all +circumstances. Consequently, TeX treats tabs like single spaces, +and that is not what they look like in the source. Furthermore, +<code>makeinfo</code> does nothing special with tabs, and thus a tab +character in your input file will usually appear differently in the +output. + + <p class="noindent">To avoid this problem, Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs inserts +multiple spaces when you press the <TAB> key. Also, you can run +<code>untabify</code> in Emacs to convert tabs in a region to multiple +spaces, or use the <code>unexpand</code> command from the shell. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Comments"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Minimum">Minimum</a>, +<a name="Comments"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Minimum">Minimum</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Conventions">Conventions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.8 Comments</h3> -<p><a name="index-Comments-66"></a><a name="index-comment-67"></a><a name="index-c-_0040r_007b_0028comment_0029_007d-68"></a> +<p><a name="index-Comments-63"></a><a name="index-comment-64"></a><a name="index-c-_0040r_007b_0028comment_0029_007d-65"></a> You can write comments in a Texinfo file that will not appear in either the Info file or the printed manual by using the <code>@comment</code> command (which may be abbreviated to <code>@c</code>). @@ -1864,7 +1842,7 @@ a line, and only the text that follows after the <code>@comment</code> or cannot use <code>@comment</code> or <code>@c</code> in a line beginning with such a command. - <p><a name="index-Ignored-text-69"></a><a name="index-Unprocessed-text-70"></a><a name="index-ignore-71"></a>You can write long stretches of text that will not appear in either + <p><a name="index-Ignored-text-66"></a><a name="index-Unprocessed-text-67"></a><a name="index-ignore-68"></a>You can write long stretches of text that will not appear in either the Info file or the printed manual by using the <code>@ignore</code> and <code>@end ignore</code> commands. Write each of these commands on a line of its own, starting each command at the beginning of the line. Text @@ -1881,18 +1859,19 @@ error messages if you have invalid Texinfo commands within ignored text. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Minimum"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Six-Parts">Six Parts</a>, +<a name="Minimum"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Six-Parts">Six Parts</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Comments">Comments</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.9 What a Texinfo File Must Have</h3> -<p><a name="index-Minimal-Texinfo-file-_0028requirements_0029-72"></a><a name="index-Must-have-in-Texinfo-file-73"></a><a name="index-Required-in-Texinfo-file-74"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-minimum-75"></a> -By convention, the namea of a Texinfo file ends with (in order of -preference) one of the extensions <span class="file">.texinfo</span>, <span class="file">.texi</span>, -<span class="file">.txi</span>, or <span class="file">.tex</span>. The longer extensions are preferred since +<p><a name="index-Minimal-Texinfo-file-_0028requirements_0029-69"></a><a name="index-Must-have-in-Texinfo-file-70"></a><a name="index-Required-in-Texinfo-file-71"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-minimum-72"></a> +By convention, the name of a Texinfo file ends with (in order of +preference) one of the extensions <samp><span class="file">.texinfo</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.texi</span></samp>, +<samp><span class="file">.txi</span></samp>, or <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>. The longer extensions are preferred since they describe more clearly to a human reader the nature of the file. The shorter extensions are for operating systems that cannot handle long file names. @@ -1909,13 +1888,13 @@ file <strong>must</strong> begin with lines like this: <pre class="example"> @bye </pre> - <p><a name="index-_005cinput-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-startup_0029_007d-76"></a>Here's an explanation: + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-startup_0029_007d-73"></a>Here's an explanation: <ul> -<li>The <span class="samp">\input texinfo</span> line tells TeX to use the -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> file, which tells TeX how to translate the Texinfo +<li>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">\input texinfo</span></samp>’ line tells TeX to use the +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> file, which tells TeX how to translate the Texinfo @-commands into TeX typesetting commands. (Note the use of the -backslash, <span class="samp">\</span>; this is correct for TeX.) +backslash, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’; this is correct for TeX.) <li>The <code>@setfilename</code> line provides a name for the Info file and tells TeX to open auxiliary files. <strong>All text before @@ -1923,7 +1902,7 @@ tells TeX to open auxiliary files. <strong>All text before <li>The <code>@settitle</code> line specifies a title for the page headers (or footers) of the printed manual, and the default document description for -the <span class="samp"><head></span> in HTML format. Strictly speaking, <code>@settitle</code> +the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><head></span></samp>’ in HTML format. Strictly speaking, <code>@settitle</code> is optional—if you don't mind your document being titled `Untitled'. <li>The <code>@bye</code> line at the end of the file on a line of its own tells @@ -1941,7 +1920,7 @@ beginning of a Texinfo file, like this: @settitle <var>name-of-manual</var> @c %**end of header </pre> - <p class="noindent">In the first line, <span class="samp">-*-texinfo-*-</span> causes Emacs to switch into + <p class="noindent">In the first line, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-*-texinfo-*-</span></samp>’ causes Emacs to switch into Texinfo mode when you edit the file. <p>The <code>@c</code> lines which surround the <code>@setfilename</code> and @@ -1955,10 +1934,11 @@ lines at the beginning and the one line at the end. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Six-Parts"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>, +<a name="Six-Parts"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Minimum">Minimum</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.10 Six Parts of a Texinfo File</h3> @@ -1989,26 +1969,26 @@ nodes in the entire document. <br><dt><span class="roman">5. Body</span><dd>The <dfn>Body</dfn> of the document is typically structured like a traditional book or encyclopedia, but it may be free form. - <br><dt><span class="roman">6. End</span><dd>The <dfn>End</dfn> segment contains commands for printing indices and -generating the table of contents, and the <code>@bye</code> command on a line -of its own. + <br><dt><span class="roman">6. End</span><dd>The <dfn>End</dfn> segment may contain commands for printing indices, and +closes with the <code>@bye</code> command on a line of its own. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Short-Sample"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#History">History</a>, +<a name="Short-Sample"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#History">History</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Six-Parts">Six Parts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.11 A Short Sample Texinfo File</h3> -<p><a name="index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-with-comments-77"></a> +<p><a name="index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-with-comments-74"></a> Here is a very short but complete Texinfo file, in the six conventional parts enumerated in the previous section, so you can see how Texinfo source appears in practice. The first three parts of the file, from -<span class="samp">\input texinfo</span> through to <span class="samp">@end titlepage</span>, look more +‘<samp><span class="samp">\input texinfo</span></samp>’ through to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@end titlepage</span></samp>’, look more intimidating than they are: most of the material is standard boilerplate; when writing a manual, you simply change the names as appropriate. @@ -2041,7 +2021,7 @@ which it is distributed. See <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>. <pre class="example"> @copying This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file, version 1.0. - Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright @copyright{} 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end copying </pre> <h4 class="subheading">Part 3: Titlepage, Contents, Copyright</h4> @@ -2068,17 +2048,17 @@ writing it out again; it is output on the back of the title page. The <p class="noindent">The `Top' node contains the master menu for the Info file. Since the printed manual uses a table of contents rather than a menu, it -excludes the `Top' node. We also include the copying text again for -the benefit of online readers. Since the copying text begins with -a brief description of the manual, no other text is needed in this -case. The <span class="samp">@top</span> command itself helps <span class="command">makeinfo</span> -determine the relationships between nodes. +excludes the `Top' node. We repeat the short description from the +beginning of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@copying</span></samp>’ text, but there's no need to repeat +the copyright information, so we don't use ‘<samp><span class="samp">@insertcopying</span></samp>’ here. +The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@top</span></samp>’ command itself helps <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> determine the +relationships between nodes. <pre class="example"> @ifnottex @node Top @top Short Sample - @insertcopying + This is a short sample Texinfo file. @end ifnottex @menu @@ -2134,49 +2114,50 @@ the end of the document. <blockquote> This is the first chapter. - <p>Here is a numbered list. + <p>Here is a numbered list. - <ol type=1 start=1> + <ol type=1 start=1> <li>This is the first item. - <li>This is the second item. - </ol> + <li>This is the second item. + </ol> </blockquote> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="History"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>, +<a name="History"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Overview">Overview</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">1.12 History</h3> -<p><a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-M_002e-78"></a><a name="index-Chassell_002c-Robert-J_002e-79"></a><a name="index-Fox_002c-Brian-80"></a><a name="index-Berry_002c-Karl-81"></a>Richard M. Stallman invented the Texinfo format, wrote the initial -processors, and created Edition 1.0 of this manual. Robert J.<!-- /@w --> -Chassell greatly revised and extended the manual, starting with Edition -1.1. Brian Fox was responsible for the standalone Texinfo distribution -until version 3.8, and wrote the standalone <span class="command">makeinfo</span> and -<span class="command">info</span> programs. Karl Berry has continued maintenance since -Texinfo 3.8 (manual edition 2.22). +<p><a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-M_002e-75"></a><a name="index-Chassell_002c-Robert-J_002e-76"></a><a name="index-Fox_002c-Brian-77"></a><a name="index-Berry_002c-Karl-78"></a>Richard M. Stallman invented the Texinfo format, wrote the initial +processors, and created Edition 1.0 of this manual. Robert J. +Chassell greatly revised and extended the manual, starting with +Edition 1.1. Brian Fox was responsible for the standalone Texinfo +distribution until version 3.8, and wrote the standalone +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> and <samp><span class="command">info</span></samp> programs. Karl Berry has +continued maintenance since Texinfo 3.8 (manual edition 2.22). - <p><a name="index-Pinard_002c-Fran_0040_002c_007bc_007dois-82"></a><a name="index-Zuhn_002c-David-D_002e-83"></a><a name="index-Weisshaus_002c-Melissa-84"></a><a name="index-Zaretskii_002c-Eli-85"></a><a name="index-Schwab_002c-Andreas-86"></a><a name="index-Weinberg_002c-Zack-87"></a>Our thanks go out to all who helped improve this work, particularly the + <p><a name="index-Pinard_002c-Fran_0040_002c_007bc_007dois-79"></a><a name="index-Zuhn_002c-David-D_002e-80"></a><a name="index-Weisshaus_002c-Melissa-81"></a><a name="index-Zaretskii_002c-Eli-82"></a><a name="index-Schwab_002c-Andreas-83"></a><a name="index-Weinberg_002c-Zack-84"></a>Our thanks go out to all who helped improve this work, particularly the indefatigable Eli Zaretskii and Andreas Schwab, who have provided -patches beyond counting. François Pinard and David D. Zuhn<!-- /@w -->, +patches beyond counting. François Pinard and David D. Zuhn, tirelessly recorded and reported mistakes and obscurities. Zack Weinberg did the impossible by implementing the macro syntax in -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>. Special thanks go to Melissa Weisshaus for her +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>. Special thanks go to Melissa Weisshaus for her frequent reviews of nearly similar editions. Dozens of others have contributed patches and suggestions, they are gratefully acknowledged in -the <span class="file">ChangeLog</span> file. Our mistakes are our own. +the <samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> file. Our mistakes are our own. - <p><a name="index-Scribe-88"></a><a name="index-Reid_002c-Brian-89"></a><a name="index-History-of-Texinfo-90"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-history-91"></a>A bit of history: in the 1970's at CMU, Brian Reid developed a program + <p><a name="index-Scribe-85"></a><a name="index-Reid_002c-Brian-86"></a><a name="index-History-of-Texinfo-87"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-history-88"></a>A bit of history: in the 1970's at CMU, Brian Reid developed a program and format named Scribe to mark up documents for printing. It used the <code>@</code> character to introduce commands, as Texinfo does. Much more -consequentially, it strived to describe document contents rather than +consequentially, it strove to describe document contents rather than formatting, an idea wholeheartedly adopted by Texinfo. - <p><a name="index-Bolio-92"></a><a name="index-Bo_0040TeX_007b_007d-93"></a>Meanwhile, people at MIT developed another, not too dissimilar format + <p><a name="index-Bolio-89"></a><a name="index-Bo_0040TeX_007b_007d-90"></a>Meanwhile, people at MIT developed another, not too dissimilar format called Bolio. This then was converted to using TeX as its typesetting language: BoTeX. The earliest BoTeX version seems to have been 0.02 on October 31, 1984. @@ -2190,17 +2171,18 @@ as printed hard copy. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Texinfo-Mode"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a>, +<a name="Texinfo-Mode"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Overview">Overview</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">2 Using Texinfo Mode</h2> -<p><a name="index-Texinfo-mode-94"></a><a name="index-Mode_002c-using-Texinfo-95"></a><a name="index-GNU-Emacs-96"></a><a name="index-Emacs-97"></a> +<p><a name="index-Texinfo-mode-91"></a><a name="index-Mode_002c-using-Texinfo-92"></a><a name="index-GNU-Emacs-93"></a><a name="index-Emacs-94"></a> You may edit a Texinfo file with any text editor you choose. A Texinfo -file is no different from any other <span class="sc">ascii</span> file. However, GNU Emacs +file is no different from any other ASCII file. However, GNU Emacs comes with a special mode, called Texinfo mode, that provides Emacs commands and tools to help ease your work. @@ -2224,9 +2206,10 @@ chapters which describe the Texinfo formatting language in detail. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Texinfo-Mode-Overview"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Emacs-Editing">Emacs Editing</a>, +<a name="Texinfo-Mode-Overview"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Emacs-Editing">Emacs Editing</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">2.1 Texinfo Mode Overview</h3> @@ -2258,10 +2241,11 @@ used @-commands and for creating node pointers and menus. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Emacs-Editing"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting">Inserting</a>, +<a name="Emacs-Editing"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting">Inserting</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Texinfo-Mode-Overview">Texinfo Mode Overview</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">2.2 The Usual GNU Emacs Editing Commands</h3> @@ -2283,18 +2267,18 @@ equivalents, such as appendices. With this value for the page delimiter, you can jump from chapter title to chapter title with the <kbd>C-x ]</kbd> (<code>forward-page</code>) and <kbd>C-x [</kbd> (<code>backward-page</code>) commands and narrow to a chapter with the -<kbd>C-x p</kbd> (<code>narrow-to-page</code>) command. (See <a href="emacs.html#Pages">Pages (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for details about the page commands.) +<kbd>C-x n p</kbd> (<code>narrow-to-page</code>) command. (See <a href="emacs.html#Pages">Pages</a>, for details about the page commands.) <p>You may name a Texinfo file however you wish, but the convention is to end a Texinfo file name with one of the extensions -<span class="file">.texinfo</span>, <span class="file">.texi</span>, <span class="file">.txi</span>, or <span class="file">.tex</span>. A longer +<samp><span class="file">.texinfo</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.texi</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.txi</span></samp>, or <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>. A longer extension is preferred, since it is explicit, but a shorter extension may be necessary for operating systems that limit the length of file names. GNU Emacs automatically enters Texinfo mode when you visit a -file with a <span class="file">.texinfo</span>, <span class="file">.texi</span> or <span class="file">.txi</span> +file with a <samp><span class="file">.texinfo</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.texi</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.txi</span></samp> extension. Also, Emacs switches to Texinfo mode when you visit a -file that has <span class="samp">-*-texinfo-*-</span> in its first line. If ever you are +file that has ‘<samp><span class="samp">-*-texinfo-*-</span></samp>’ in its first line. If ever you are in another mode and wish to switch to Texinfo mode, type <code>M-x texinfo-mode</code>. @@ -2305,16 +2289,17 @@ ones. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Inserting"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a>, +<a name="Inserting"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Emacs-Editing">Emacs Editing</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">2.3 Inserting Frequently Used Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Inserting-frequently-used-commands-98"></a><a name="index-Frequently-used-commands_002c-inserting-99"></a><a name="index-Commands_002c-inserting-them-100"></a> +<p><a name="index-Inserting-frequently-used-commands-95"></a><a name="index-Frequently-used-commands_002c-inserting-96"></a><a name="index-Commands_002c-inserting-them-97"></a> Texinfo mode provides commands to insert various frequently used @-commands into the buffer. You can use these commands to save keystrokes. @@ -2323,49 +2308,49 @@ keystrokes. first letter of the @-command: <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-c c</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@code</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040code-101"></a>Insert <code>@code{}</code> and put the +<dt><kbd>C-c C-c c</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@code</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040code-98"></a>Insert <code>@code{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c d</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@dfn</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040dfn-102"></a>Insert <code>@dfn{}</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c d</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@dfn</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040dfn-99"></a>Insert <code>@dfn{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c e</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@end</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040end-103"></a>Insert <code>@end</code> and attempt to insert the correct following word, -such as <span class="samp">example</span> or <span class="samp">table</span>. (This command does not handle + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c e</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@end</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040end-100"></a>Insert <code>@end</code> and attempt to insert the correct following word, +such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">example</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>’. (This command does not handle nested lists correctly, but inserts the word appropriate to the immediately preceding list.) - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c i</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@item</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040item-104"></a>Insert <code>@item</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c i</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@item</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040item-101"></a>Insert <code>@item</code> and put the cursor at the beginning of the next line. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c k</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@kbd</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040kbd-105"></a>Insert <code>@kbd{}</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c k</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@kbd</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040kbd-102"></a>Insert <code>@kbd{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c n</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@node</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040node-106"></a>Insert <code>@node</code> and a comment line + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c n</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@node</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040node-103"></a>Insert <code>@node</code> and a comment line listing the sequence for the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' nodes. Leave point after the <code>@node</code>. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c o</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@noindent</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040noindent-107"></a>Insert <code>@noindent</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c o</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@noindent</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040noindent-104"></a>Insert <code>@noindent</code> and put the cursor at the beginning of the next line. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c s</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@samp</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040samp-108"></a>Insert <code>@samp{}</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c s</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@samp</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040samp-105"></a>Insert <code>@samp{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c t</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@table</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040table-109"></a>Insert <code>@table</code> followed by a <SPC> + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c t</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@table</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040table-106"></a>Insert <code>@table</code> followed by a <SPC> and leave the cursor after the <SPC>. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c v</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@var</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040var-110"></a>Insert <code>@var{}</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c v</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@var</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040var-107"></a>Insert <code>@var{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c x</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@example</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040example-111"></a>Insert <code>@example</code> and put the + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c x</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-@example</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040example-108"></a>Insert <code>@example</code> and put the cursor at the beginning of the next line. <!-- M-@{ was the binding for texinfo-insert-braces; --> -<!-- in Emacs 19, backward-paragraph will take this binding. --> -<br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c {</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-braces</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dbraces-112"></a>Insert <code>{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. + <!-- in Emacs 19, backward-paragraph will take this binding. --> + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c {</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-braces</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dbraces-109"></a>Insert <code>{}</code> and put the cursor between the braces. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c }</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-c ]</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x up-list</kbd><dd><a name="index-up_002dlist-113"></a>Move from between a pair of braces forward past the closing brace. -Typing <kbd>C-c C-c ]</kbd> is easier than typing <kbd>C-c C-c }</kbd>, which + <br><dt><kbd>C-c }</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c ]</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x up-list</kbd><dd><a name="index-up_002dlist-110"></a>Move from between a pair of braces forward past the closing brace. +Typing <kbd>C-c ]</kbd> is easier than typing <kbd>C-c }</kbd>, which is, however, more mnemonic; hence the two keybindings. (Also, you can move out from between braces by typing <kbd>C-f</kbd>.) </dl> @@ -2374,7 +2359,7 @@ move out from between braces by typing <kbd>C-f</kbd>.) <em>existing</em> word, position the cursor in front of the word and type <kbd>C-u 1 C-c C-c c</kbd>. This makes it easy to edit existing plain text. The value of the prefix argument tells Emacs how many words following -point to include between braces—<span class="samp">1</span> for one word, <span class="samp">2</span> for +point to include between braces—‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’ for one word, ‘<samp><span class="samp">2</span></samp>’ for two words, and so on. Use a negative argument to enclose the previous word or words. If you do not specify a prefix argument, Emacs inserts the @-command string and positions the cursor between the braces. This @@ -2385,9 +2370,9 @@ within one line, such as <code>@kbd</code> and <code>@var</code>. with which different @-commands are used in the <cite>GNU Emacs Manual</cite> and the <cite>GDB Manual</cite>. If you wish to add your own insert commands, you can bind a keyboard macro to a key, use abbreviations, -or extend the code in <span class="file">texinfo.el</span>. +or extend the code in <samp><span class="file">texinfo.el</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-texinfo_002dstart_002dmenu_002ddescription-114"></a><a name="index-Menu-description_002c-start-115"></a><a name="index-Description-for-menu_002c-start-116"></a><kbd>C-c C-c C-d</kbd> (<code>texinfo-start-menu-description</code>) is an insert + <p><a name="index-texinfo_002dstart_002dmenu_002ddescription-111"></a><a name="index-Menu-description_002c-start-112"></a><a name="index-Description-for-menu_002c-start-113"></a><kbd>C-c C-c C-d</kbd> (<code>texinfo-start-menu-description</code>) is an insert command that works differently from the other insert commands. It inserts a node's section or chapter title in the space for the description in a menu entry line. (A menu entry has three parts, the @@ -2409,33 +2394,34 @@ words. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Showing-the-Structure"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a>, +<a name="Showing-the-Structure"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting">Inserting</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">2.4 Showing the Section Structure of a File</h3> -<p><a name="index-Showing-the-section-structure-of-a-file-117"></a><a name="index-Section-structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-118"></a><a name="index-Structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-119"></a><a name="index-Outline-of-file-structure_002c-showing-it-120"></a><a name="index-Contents_002dlike-outline-of-file-structure-121"></a><a name="index-File-section-structure_002c-showing-it-122"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-section-structure_002c-showing-it-123"></a> +<p><a name="index-Showing-the-section-structure-of-a-file-114"></a><a name="index-Section-structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-115"></a><a name="index-Structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-116"></a><a name="index-Outline-of-file-structure_002c-showing-it-117"></a><a name="index-Contents_002dlike-outline-of-file-structure-118"></a><a name="index-File-section-structure_002c-showing-it-119"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-section-structure_002c-showing-it-120"></a> You can show the section structure of a Texinfo file by using the <kbd>C-c C-s</kbd> command (<code>texinfo-show-structure</code>). This command shows the section structure of a Texinfo file by listing the lines that begin with the @-commands for <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@section</code>, and the like. It constructs what amounts to a table of contents. These lines are displayed in another buffer -called the <span class="samp">*Occur*</span> buffer. In that buffer, you can position +called the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Occur*</span></samp>’ buffer. In that buffer, you can position the cursor over one of the lines and use the <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd> command (<code>occur-mode-goto-occurrence</code>), to jump to the corresponding spot in the Texinfo file. <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-s</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-show-structure</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-124"></a>Show the <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@section</code>, and such lines of a +<dt><kbd>C-c C-s</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-show-structure</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-121"></a>Show the <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@section</code>, and such lines of a Texinfo file. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x occur-mode-goto-occurrence</kbd><dd><a name="index-occur_002dmode_002dgoto_002doccurrence-125"></a>Go to the line in the Texinfo file corresponding to the line under the -cursor in the <span class="file">*Occur*</span> buffer. + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x occur-mode-goto-occurrence</kbd><dd><a name="index-occur_002dmode_002dgoto_002doccurrence-122"></a>Go to the line in the Texinfo file corresponding to the line under the +cursor in the <samp><span class="file">*Occur*</span></samp> buffer. </dl> <p>If you call <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> with a prefix argument by @@ -2451,30 +2437,31 @@ off the region of the buffer that you are interested in by using the <kbd>C-x n n</kbd> (<code>narrow-to-region</code>) command and <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> will work on only that region. To see the whole buffer again, use <kbd>C-x n w</kbd><!-- /@w --> (<code>widen</code>). -(See <a href="emacs.html#Narrowing">Narrowing (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more +(See <a href="emacs.html#Narrowing">Narrowing</a>, for more information about the narrowing commands.) - <p><a name="index-page_002ddelimiter-126"></a><a name="index-Page-delimiter-in-Texinfo-mode-127"></a>In addition to providing the <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> command, + <p><a name="index-page_002ddelimiter-123"></a><a name="index-Page-delimiter-in-Texinfo-mode-124"></a>In addition to providing the <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> command, Texinfo mode sets the value of the page delimiter variable to match the chapter-level @-commands. This enables you to use the <kbd>C-x ]</kbd> (<code>forward-page</code>) and <kbd>C-x [</kbd> (<code>backward-page</code>) commands to move forward and backward by chapter, and to use the -<kbd>C-x p</kbd> (<code>narrow-to-page</code>) command to narrow to a chapter. -See <a href="emacs.html#Pages">Pages (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more information +<kbd>C-x n p</kbd> (<code>narrow-to-page</code>) command to narrow to a chapter. +See <a href="emacs.html#Pages">Pages</a>, for more information about the page commands. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Updating-Nodes-and-Menus"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a>, +<a name="Updating-Nodes-and-Menus"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">2.5 Updating Nodes and Menus</h3> -<p><a name="index-Updating-nodes-and-menus-128"></a><a name="index-Create-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-129"></a><a name="index-Insert-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-130"></a><a name="index-Automatically-insert-nodes_002c-menus-131"></a> +<p><a name="index-Updating-nodes-and-menus-125"></a><a name="index-Create-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-126"></a><a name="index-Insert-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-127"></a><a name="index-Automatically-insert-nodes_002c-menus-128"></a> Texinfo mode provides commands for automatically creating or updating menus and node pointers. The commands are called “update” commands because their most frequent use is for updating a Texinfo file after you @@ -2496,9 +2483,10 @@ node pointers by hand, which is a tedious task. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Updating-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a>, +<a name="Updating-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">2.5.1 The Updating Commands</h4> @@ -2555,7 +2543,7 @@ node and menu in the whole Texinfo file. <p>The <code>texinfo-master-menu</code> command is the primary command: <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-u m</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-master-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dmaster_002dmenu-132"></a>Create or update a master menu that includes all the other menus +<dt><kbd>C-c C-u m</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-master-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dmaster_002dmenu-129"></a>Create or update a master menu that includes all the other menus (incorporating the descriptions from pre-existing menus, if any). @@ -2571,7 +2559,7 @@ constructing the master menu. (See <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node and Mas <pre class="example"> C-u M-x texinfo-master-menu <br>or<br> C-u C-c C-u m - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">This updates all the nodes and menus completely and all at once. </dl> @@ -2582,7 +2570,7 @@ file. <p>The commands are: <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-n</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-update-node</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dupdate_002dnode-133"></a>Insert the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers for the node that point is +<dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-n</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-update-node</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dupdate_002dnode-130"></a>Insert the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers for the node that point is within (i.e., for the <code>@node</code> line preceding point). If the <code>@node</code> line has pre-existing `Next', `Previous', or `Up' pointers in it, the old pointers are removed and new ones inserted. @@ -2590,7 +2578,7 @@ With an argument (prefix argument, <kbd>C-u</kbd>, if interactive), this command updates all <code>@node</code> lines in the region (which is the text between point and mark). - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-m</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-make-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dmake_002dmenu-134"></a>Create or update the menu in the node that point is within. + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-m</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-make-menu</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dmake_002dmenu-131"></a>Create or update the menu in the node that point is within. With an argument (<kbd>C-u</kbd> as prefix argument, if interactive), the command makes or updates menus for the nodes which are either within or a part of the @@ -2602,10 +2590,10 @@ is done by copying descriptions from the existing menu to the entries in the new menu that have the same node names. If the node names are different, the descriptions are not copied to the new menu. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-e</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-every-node-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002devery_002dnode_002dupdate-135"></a>Insert or update the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers for every + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-e</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-every-node-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002devery_002dnode_002dupdate-132"></a>Insert or update the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers for every node in the buffer. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-a</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-all-menus-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dall_002dmenus_002dupdate-136"></a>Create or update all the menus in the buffer. With an argument + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-u C-a</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-all-menus-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dall_002dmenus_002dupdate-133"></a>Create or update all the menus in the buffer. With an argument (<kbd>C-u</kbd> as prefix argument, if interactive), first insert or update all the node pointers before working on the menus. @@ -2621,15 +2609,15 @@ type the following: <pre class="example"> C-u C-c C-u C-a <br>or<br> C-u M-x texinfo-all-menus-update - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">This updates all the nodes and menus. </dl> <p>The <code>texinfo-column-for-description</code> variable specifies the column to which menu descriptions are indented. By default, the value -is 32 although it is often useful to reduce it to as low as 24. You -can set the variable via customization (see <a href="emacs.html#Changing-an-Option">Changing an Option (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>) or with the <kbd>M-x set-variable</kbd> -command (see <a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>). +is 32 although it can be useful to reduce it to as low as 24. You +can set the variable via customization (see <a href="emacs.html#Changing-an-Option">Changing an Option</a>) or with the <kbd>M-x set-variable</kbd> +command (see <a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables</a>). <p>Also, the <code>texinfo-indent-menu-description</code> command may be used to indent existing menu descriptions to a specified column. Finally, if @@ -2638,15 +2626,16 @@ insert missing <code>@node</code> lines into a file. (See <a href="#Other-Updat <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Updating-Requirements"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a>, +<a name="Updating-Requirements"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">2.5.2 Updating Requirements</h4> -<p><a name="index-Updating-requirements-137"></a><a name="index-Requirements-for-updating-commands-138"></a> +<p><a name="index-Updating-requirements-134"></a><a name="index-Requirements-for-updating-commands-135"></a> To use the updating commands, you must organize the Texinfo file hierarchically with chapters, sections, subsections, and the like. When you construct the hierarchy of the manual, do not `jump down' @@ -2684,7 +2673,7 @@ called `Conventions'. The `Comments' section is within the `Overview' node, which is specified by the `Up' pointer. (Instead of an <code>@comment</code> line, you may also write an <code>@ifinfo</code> line.) - <p>If a file has a `Top' node, it must be called <span class="samp">top</span> or <span class="samp">Top</span> + <p>If a file has a `Top' node, it must be called ‘<samp><span class="samp">top</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ and be the first node in the file. <p>The menu updating commands create a menu of sections within a chapter, @@ -2702,9 +2691,10 @@ the file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Other-Updating-Commands"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a>, +<a name="Other-Updating-Commands"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">2.5.3 Other Updating Commands</h4> @@ -2713,7 +2703,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nod possesses several less frequently used updating commands: <dl> -<dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-node-lines</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dnode_002dlines-139"></a>Insert <code>@node</code> lines before the <code>@chapter</code>, +<dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-insert-node-lines</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dnode_002dlines-136"></a>Insert <code>@node</code> lines before the <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@section</code>, and other sectioning commands wherever they are missing throughout a region in a Texinfo file. @@ -2729,13 +2719,13 @@ chapter titles, you must manually edit node names so inserted. <code>@node</code> lines and titles throughout: <pre class="example"> C-x h C-u M-x texinfo-insert-node-lines - </pre> +</pre> <p>This command inserts titles as node names in <code>@node</code> lines; the <code>texinfo-start-menu-description</code> command (see <a href="#Inserting">Inserting Frequently Used Commands</a>) inserts titles as descriptions in menu entries, a different action. However, in both cases, you need to edit the inserted text. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-multiple-files-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-_0040r_007b_0028in-brief_0029_007d-140"></a>Update nodes and menus in a document built from several separate files. + <br><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-multiple-files-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-_0040r_007b_0028in-brief_0029_007d-137"></a>Update nodes and menus in a document built from several separate files. With <kbd>C-u</kbd> as a prefix argument, create and insert a master menu in the outer file. With a numeric prefix argument, such as <kbd>C-u 2</kbd>, first update all the menus and all the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers @@ -2744,7 +2734,7 @@ the outer file. The <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code> command is described in the appendix on <code>@include</code> files. See <a href="#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a>. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-indent-menu-description</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dindent_002dmenu_002ddescription-141"></a>Indent every description in the menu following point to the specified + <br><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-indent-menu-description</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dindent_002dmenu_002ddescription-138"></a>Indent every description in the menu following point to the specified column. You can use this command to give yourself more space for descriptions. With an argument (<kbd>C-u</kbd> as prefix argument, if interactive), the <code>texinfo-indent-menu-description</code> command indents @@ -2752,7 +2742,7 @@ every description in every menu in the region. However, this command does not indent the second and subsequent lines of a multi-line description. - <br><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-sequential-node-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dsequential_002dnode_002dupdate-142"></a>Insert the names of the nodes immediately following and preceding the + <br><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-sequential-node-update</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dsequential_002dnode_002dupdate-139"></a>Insert the names of the nodes immediately following and preceding the current node as the `Next' or `Previous' pointers regardless of those nodes' hierarchical level. This means that the `Next' node of a subsection may well be the next chapter. Sequentially ordered nodes are @@ -2766,16 +2756,17 @@ sequentially updates all the nodes in the region. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Info-Formatting"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing">Printing</a>, +<a name="Info-Formatting"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing">Printing</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">2.6 Formatting for Info</h3> -<p><a name="index-Formatting-for-Info-143"></a><a name="index-Running-an-Info-formatter-144"></a><a name="index-Info-formatting-145"></a> +<p><a name="index-Formatting-for-Info-140"></a><a name="index-Running-an-Info-formatter-141"></a><a name="index-Info-formatting-142"></a> Texinfo mode provides several commands for formatting part or all of a Texinfo file for Info. Often, when you are writing a document, you want to format only part of a file—that is, a region. @@ -2784,7 +2775,7 @@ want to format only part of a file—that is, a region. <code>makeinfo-region</code> command to format a region: -<a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-146"></a> +<a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-143"></a> <dl><dt><kbd>C-c C-e C-r</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-format-region</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-r</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-region</kbd><dd>Format the current region for Info. </dl> @@ -2792,7 +2783,7 @@ want to format only part of a file—that is, a region. <code>makeinfo-buffer</code> command to format a whole buffer: -<a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-147"></a> +<a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-144"></a> <dl><dt><kbd>C-c C-e C-b</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-format-buffer</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-b</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-buffer</kbd><dd>Format the current buffer for Info. </dl> @@ -2816,16 +2807,17 @@ include a line that has <code>@setfilename</code> in its header. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Printing"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-Mode-Summary">Texinfo Mode Summary</a>, +<a name="Printing"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-Mode-Summary">Texinfo Mode Summary</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">2.7 Printing</h3> -<p><a name="index-Formatting-for-printing-148"></a><a name="index-Printing-a-region-or-buffer-149"></a><a name="index-Region-formatting-and-printing-150"></a><a name="index-Buffer-formatting-and-printing-151"></a><a name="index-Part-of-file-formatting-and-printing-152"></a> +<p><a name="index-Formatting-for-printing-145"></a><a name="index-Printing-a-region-or-buffer-146"></a><a name="index-Region-formatting-and-printing-147"></a><a name="index-Buffer-formatting-and-printing-148"></a><a name="index-Part-of-file-formatting-and-printing-149"></a> Typesetting and printing a Texinfo file is a multi-step process in which you first create a file for printing (called a DVI file), and then print the file. Optionally, you may also create indices. To do this, @@ -2841,11 +2833,11 @@ the <code>texinfo-tex-buffer</code> command to format all of a buffer. <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-b</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-tex-buffer</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dtex_002dbuffer-153"></a>Run <code>texi2dvi</code> on the buffer. In addition to running TeX on the +<dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-b</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-tex-buffer</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dtex_002dbuffer-150"></a>Run <code>texi2dvi</code> on the buffer. In addition to running TeX on the buffer, this command automatically creates or updates indices as needed. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-r</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-tex-region</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dtex_002dregion-154"></a>Run TeX on the region. + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-r</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-tex-region</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dtex_002dregion-151"></a>Run TeX on the region. <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-i</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-texindex</kbd><dd>Run <code>texindex</code> to sort the indices of a Texinfo file formatted with <code>texinfo-tex-region</code>. The <code>texinfo-tex-region</code> command does @@ -2856,12 +2848,12 @@ command. (Usually, you do not format an index when you format a region, only when you format a buffer. Now that the <code>texi2dvi</code> command exists, there is little or no need for this command.) - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-p</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-tex-print</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dtex_002dprint-155"></a>Print the file (or the part of the file) previously formatted with + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-p</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-tex-print</kbd><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dtex_002dprint-152"></a>Print the file (or the part of the file) previously formatted with <code>texinfo-tex-buffer</code> or <code>texinfo-tex-region</code>. </dl> <p>For <code>texinfo-tex-region</code> or <code>texinfo-tex-buffer</code> to work, the -file <em>must</em> start with a <span class="samp">\input texinfo</span> line and must +file <em>must</em> start with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">\input texinfo</span></samp>’ line and must include an <code>@settitle</code> line. The file must end with <code>@bye</code> on a line by itself. (When you use <code>texinfo-tex-region</code>, you must surround the <code>@settitle</code> line with start-of-header and @@ -2872,9 +2864,10 @@ commands, such as <code>tex-show-print-queue</code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Texinfo-Mode-Summary"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing">Printing</a>, +<a name="Texinfo-Mode-Summary"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing">Printing</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -2892,16 +2885,16 @@ first letter of the @-command to be inserted. (It might make more sense mnemonically to use <kbd>C-c C-i</kbd>, for `custom insert', but <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd> is quick to type.) -<pre class="example"> C-c C-c c <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@code</span>. - C-c C-c d <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@dfn</span>. - C-c C-c e <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@end</span>. - C-c C-c i <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@item</span>. - C-c C-c n <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@node</span>. - C-c C-c s <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@samp</span>. - C-c C-c v <span class="roman">Insert</span> <span class="samp">@var</span>. - C-c C-c { <span class="roman">Insert braces.</span> - C-c C-c ] - C-c C-c } <span class="roman">Move out of enclosing braces.</span> +<pre class="example"> C-c C-c c <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@code</span></samp>’. + C-c C-c d <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@dfn</span></samp>’. + C-c C-c e <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@end</span></samp>’. + C-c C-c i <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@item</span></samp>’. + C-c C-c n <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@node</span></samp>’. + C-c C-c s <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@samp</span></samp>’. + C-c C-c v <span class="roman">Insert</span> ‘<samp><span class="samp">@var</span></samp>’. + C-c { <span class="roman">Insert braces.</span> + C-c ] + C-c } <span class="roman">Move out of enclosing braces.</span> C-c C-c C-d <span class="roman">Insert a node's section title</span> <span class="roman">in the space for the description</span> @@ -3017,15 +3010,16 @@ they are rarely used. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Beginning-a-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a>, +<a name="Beginning-a-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">3 Beginning a Texinfo File</h2> -<p><a name="index-Beginning-a-Texinfo-file-156"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-beginning-157"></a><a name="index-File-beginning-158"></a> +<p><a name="index-Beginning-a-Texinfo-file-153"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-beginning-154"></a><a name="index-File-beginning-155"></a> Certain pieces of information must be provided at the beginning of a Texinfo file, such as the name for the output file(s), the title of the document, and the Top node. A table of contents is also generally @@ -3035,7 +3029,7 @@ produced here. previously given (see <a href="#Six-Parts">Six Parts</a>). It describes the numerous commands for handling the traditional frontmatter items in Texinfo. - <p><a name="index-Frontmatter_002c-text-in-159"></a>Straight text outside of any command before the Top node should be + <p><a name="index-Frontmatter_002c-text-in-156"></a>Straight text outside of any command before the Top node should be avoided. Such text is treated differently in the different output formats: visible in TeX and HTML, by default not shown in Info readers, and so on. @@ -3054,14 +3048,15 @@ readers, and so on. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Sample-Beginning"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a>, +<a name="Sample-Beginning"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.1 Sample Texinfo File Beginning</h3> -<p><a name="index-Example-beginning-of-Texinfo-file-160"></a> +<p><a name="index-Example-beginning-of-Texinfo-file-157"></a> The following sample shows what is needed. The elements given here are explained in more detail in the following sections. Other commands are often included at the beginning of Texinfo files, but the ones here are @@ -3107,7 +3102,7 @@ the most critical. @node Top @top <var>title</var> - @insertcopying + This manual is for <var>program</var>, version <var>version</var>. @end ifnottex @menu @@ -3126,15 +3121,16 @@ the most critical. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Texinfo-File-Header"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a>, +<a name="Texinfo-File-Header"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sample-Beginning">Sample Beginning</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.2 Texinfo File Header</h3> -<p><a name="index-Header-for-Texinfo-files-161"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-header-162"></a> +<p><a name="index-Header-for-Texinfo-files-158"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-header-159"></a> Texinfo files start with at least three lines that provide Info and TeX with necessary information. These are the <code>\input texinfo</code> line, the <code>@settitle</code> line, and the <code>@setfilename</code> line. @@ -3167,14 +3163,15 @@ instance, is another command often included in the header. See <a href="#GNU-Sa <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="First-Line"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Start-of-Header">Start of Header</a>, +<a name="First-Line"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Start-of-Header">Start of Header</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 The First Line of a Texinfo File</h4> -<p><a name="index-First-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-163"></a><a name="index-Beginning-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-164"></a><a name="index-Header-of-a-Texinfo-file-165"></a> +<p><a name="index-First-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-160"></a><a name="index-Beginning-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-161"></a><a name="index-Header-of-a-Texinfo-file-162"></a> Every Texinfo file that is to be the top-level input to TeX must begin with a line that looks like this: @@ -3183,31 +3180,32 @@ with a line that looks like this: <p class="noindent">This line serves two functions: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>When the file is processed by TeX, the <span class="samp">\input texinfo</span> command +<li>When the file is processed by TeX, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\input texinfo</span></samp>’ command tells TeX to load the macros needed for processing a Texinfo file. -These are in a file called <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>, which should have been +These are in a file called <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>, which should have been installed on your system along with either the TeX or Texinfo -software. TeX uses the backslash, <span class="samp">\</span>, to mark the beginning of -a command, exactly as Texinfo uses <span class="samp">@</span>. The <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> -file causes the switch from <span class="samp">\</span> to <span class="samp">@</span>; before the switch -occurs, TeX requires <span class="samp">\</span>, which is why it appears at the +software. TeX uses the backslash, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’, to mark the beginning of +a command, exactly as Texinfo uses ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’. The <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> +file causes the switch from ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’; before the switch +occurs, TeX requires ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’, which is why it appears at the beginning of the file. - <li>When the file is edited in GNU Emacs, the <span class="samp">-*-texinfo-*-</span> mode + <li>When the file is edited in GNU Emacs, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-*-texinfo-*-</span></samp>’ mode specification tells Emacs to use Texinfo mode. </ol> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Start-of-Header"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#setfilename">setfilename</a>, +<a name="Start-of-Header"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#setfilename">setfilename</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#First-Line">First Line</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.2 Start of Header</h4> -<p><a name="index-Start-of-header-line-166"></a> +<p><a name="index-Start-of-header-line-163"></a> A start-of-header line is a Texinfo comment that looks like this: <pre class="example"> @c %**start of header @@ -3221,22 +3219,23 @@ globally affect the document formatting, such as <code>@synindex</code> or <p>The start- and end-of-header lines allow you to format only part of a Texinfo file for Info or printing. See <a href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a>. - <p>The odd string of characters, <span class="samp">%**</span>, is to ensure that no other + <p>The odd string of characters, ‘<samp><span class="samp">%**</span></samp>’, is to ensure that no other comment is accidentally taken for a start-of-header line. You can change it if you wish by setting the <code>tex-start-of-header</code> and/or <code>tex-end-of-header</code> Emacs variables. See <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="setfilename"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#settitle">settitle</a>, +<a name="setfilename"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#settitle">settitle</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Start-of-Header">Start of Header</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.3 <code>@setfilename</code>: Set the output file name</h4> -<p><a name="index-setfilename-167"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-requires-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-168"></a> +<p><a name="index-setfilename-164"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-requires-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-165"></a> In order to serve as the primary input file for either <code>makeinfo</code> or TeX, a Texinfo file must contain a line that looks like this: @@ -3248,52 +3247,53 @@ else on the line; anything on the line after the command is considered part of the file name, including what would otherwise be a comment. - <p><a name="index-Ignored-before-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-169"></a><a name="index-_0040samp_007b_005cinput_007d-source-line-ignored-170"></a>The Info formatting commands ignore everything written before the + <p><a name="index-Ignored-before-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-166"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_005cinput_007d-source-line-ignored-167"></a>The Info formatting commands ignore everything written before the <code>@setfilename</code> line, which is why the very first line of the file (the <code>\input</code> line) does not show up in the output. <p>The <code>@setfilename</code> line specifies the name of the output file to be generated. This name must be different from the name of the Texinfo file. There are two conventions for choosing the name: you can either -remove the extension (such as <span class="samp">.texi</span>) entirely from the input file -name, or, preferably, replace it with the <span class="samp">.info</span> extension. +remove the extension (such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.texi</span></samp>’) entirely from the input file +name, or, preferably, replace it with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.info</span></samp>’ extension. - <p><a name="index-Length-of-file-names-171"></a><a name="index-File-name-collision-172"></a><a name="index-Info-file-name_002c-choosing-173"></a>Although an explicit <span class="samp">.info</span> extension is preferable, some + <p><a name="index-Length-of-file-names-168"></a><a name="index-File-name-collision-169"></a><a name="index-Info-file-name_002c-choosing-170"></a>Although an explicit ‘<samp><span class="samp">.info</span></samp>’ extension is preferable, some operating systems cannot handle long file names. You can run into a problem even when the file name you specify is itself short enough. This occurs because the Info formatters split a long Info file into -short indirect subfiles, and name them by appending <span class="samp">-1</span>, -<span class="samp">-2</span>, <small class="dots">...</small>, <span class="samp">-10</span>, <span class="samp">-11</span>, and so on, to the original +short indirect subfiles, and name them by appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">-2</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-10</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-11</span></samp>’, and so on, to the original file name. (See <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a>.) The subfile name -<span class="file">texinfo.info-10</span>, for example, is too long for old systems with a +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.info-10</span></samp>, for example, is too long for old systems with a 14-character limit on filenames; so the Info file name for this document -is <span class="file">texinfo</span> rather than <span class="file">texinfo.info</span>. When <code>makeinfo</code> +is <samp><span class="file">texinfo</span></samp> rather than <samp><span class="file">texinfo.info</span></samp>. When <code>makeinfo</code> is running on operating systems such as MS-DOS which impose severe limits on file names, it may remove some characters from the original file name to leave enough space for the subfile suffix, thus producing -files named <span class="file">texin-10</span>, <span class="file">gcc.i12</span>, etc. +files named <samp><span class="file">texin-10</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">gcc.i12</span></samp>, etc. <p>When producing HTML output, <code>makeinfo</code> will replace any extension -with <span class="samp">html</span>, or add <span class="samp">.html</span> if the given name has no +with ‘<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>’, or add ‘<samp><span class="samp">.html</span></samp>’ if the given name has no extension. - <p><a name="index-texinfo_002ecnf-174"></a>The <code>@setfilename</code> line produces no output when you typeset a + <p><a name="index-texinfo_002ecnf-171"></a>The <code>@setfilename</code> line produces no output when you typeset a manual with TeX, but it is nevertheless essential: it opens the index, cross-reference, and other auxiliary files used by Texinfo, and -also reads <span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span> if that file is present on your system +also reads <samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp> if that file is present on your system (see <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="settitle"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#End-of-Header">End of Header</a>, +<a name="settitle"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#End-of-Header">End of Header</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#setfilename">setfilename</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.4 <code>@settitle</code>: Set the document title</h4> -<p><a name="index-settitle-175"></a> +<p><a name="index-settitle-172"></a> In order to be made into a printed manual, a Texinfo file must contain a line that looks like this: @@ -3309,9 +3309,9 @@ including what would otherwise be a comment. actual output. The best place for it is right after the <code>@setfilename</code> command (see the previous section). - <p><a name="index-_003ctitle_003e-HTML-tag-176"></a>In the HTML file produced by <span class="command">makeinfo</span>, <var>title</var> serves as -the document <span class="samp"><title></span>. It also becomes the default document -description in the <span class="samp"><head></span> part (see <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a>). + <p><a name="index-g_t_003ctitle_003e-HTML-tag-173"></a>In the HTML file produced by <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>, <var>title</var> serves as +the document ‘<samp><span class="samp"><title></span></samp>’. It also becomes the default document +description in the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><head></span></samp>’ part (see <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a>). <p>The title in the <code>@settitle</code> command does not affect the title as it appears on the title page. Thus, the two do not need not match @@ -3342,14 +3342,15 @@ See <a href="#Headings">Headings</a>, for a detailed discussion of this. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="End-of-Header"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#settitle">settitle</a>, +<a name="End-of-Header"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#settitle">settitle</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.2.5 End of Header</h4> -<p><a name="index-End-of-header-line-177"></a> +<p><a name="index-End-of-header-line-174"></a> Follow the header lines with an end-of-header<!-- /@w --> line, which is a Texinfo comment that looks like this: @@ -3359,15 +3360,16 @@ Texinfo comment that looks like this: <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Document-Permissions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a>, +<a name="Document-Permissions"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.3 Document Permissions</h3> -<p><a name="index-Document-Permissions-178"></a><a name="index-Copying-Permissions-179"></a> +<p><a name="index-Document-Permissions-175"></a><a name="index-Copying-Permissions-176"></a> The copyright notice and copying permissions for a document need to appear in several places in the various Texinfo output formats. Therefore, Texinfo provides a command (<code>@copying</code>) to declare @@ -3381,14 +3383,15 @@ insert the text at appropriate points. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="copying"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a>, +<a name="copying"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.1 <code>@copying</code>: Declare Copying Permissions</h4> -<p><a name="index-copying-180"></a> +<p><a name="index-copying-177"></a> The <code>@copying</code> command should be given very early in the document; the recommended location is right after the header material (see <a href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a>). It conventionally consists of a sentence @@ -3420,44 +3423,46 @@ Info, HTML, and XML output files. It is <em>not</em> output implicitly in plain text or TeX; it's up to you to use <code>@insertcopying</code> to emit the copying information. See the next section for details. - <p><a name="index-copyright-181"></a>The <code>@copyright{}</code> command generates a <span class="samp">c</span> inside a circle + <p><a name="index-copyright-178"></a>The <code>@copyright{}</code> command generates a ‘<samp><span class="samp">c</span></samp>’ inside a circle in output formats that support this (print and HTML). In the other -formats (Info and plain text), it generates <span class="samp">(C)</span>. The copyright +formats (Info and plain text), it generates ‘<samp><span class="samp">(C)</span></samp>’. The copyright notice itself has the following legally defined sequence: <pre class="example"> Copyright © <var>years</var> <var>copyright-owner</var>. </pre> - <p><a name="index-Copyright-word_002c-always-in-English-182"></a>The word `Copyright' must always be written in English, even if the + <p><a name="index-Copyright-word_002c-always-in-English-179"></a>The word `Copyright' must always be written in English, even if the document is otherwise written in another language. This is due to international law. - <p><a name="index-Years_002c-in-copyright-line-183"></a>The list of years should include all years in which a version was + <p><a name="index-Years_002c-in-copyright-line-180"></a>The list of years should include all years in which a version was completed (even if it was released in a subsequent year). Ranges are not allowed; each year must be written out individually and in full, separated by commas. - <p><a name="index-Copyright-holder-for-FSF-works-184"></a><a name="index-Holder-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-185"></a><a name="index-Owner-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-186"></a>The copyright owner (or owners) is whoever holds legal copyright on the + <p><a name="index-Copyright-holder-for-FSF-works-181"></a><a name="index-Holder-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-182"></a><a name="index-Owner-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-183"></a>The copyright owner (or owners) is whoever holds legal copyright on the work. In the case of works assigned to the FSF, the owner is `Free Software Foundation, Inc.'. - <p>The copyright `line' may actually be split across multiple -lines, both in the source document and in the output. This often -happens for documents with a long history, having many different years -of publication. + <p>The copyright `line' may actually be split across multiple lines, both +in the source document and in the output. This often happens for +documents with a long history, having many different years of +publication. If you do use several lines, do not indent any of them +(or anything else in the <code>@copying</code> block) in the source file. - <p>See <a href="maintain.html#Copyright-Notices">Copyright Notices (GNU Maintenance Instructions)</a>, for + <p>See <a href="maintain.html#Copyright-Notices">Copyright Notices</a>, for additional information. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="insertcopying"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#copying">copying</a>, +<a name="insertcopying"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#copying">copying</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.3.2 <code>@insertcopying</code>: Include Permissions Text</h4> -<p><a name="index-insertcopying-187"></a><a name="index-Copying-text_002c-including-188"></a><a name="index-Permissions-text_002c-including-189"></a><a name="index-Including-permissions-text-190"></a> +<p><a name="index-insertcopying-184"></a><a name="index-Copying-text_002c-including-185"></a><a name="index-Permissions-text_002c-including-186"></a><a name="index-Including-permissions-text-187"></a> The <code>@insertcopying</code> command is simply written on a line by itself, like this: @@ -3467,34 +3472,29 @@ itself, like this: legal requirements, it must be used on the copyright page in the printed manual (see <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a>). - <p>We also strongly recommend using <code>@insertcopying</code> in the Top node -of your manual (see <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a>), although it is not required -legally. Here's why: - <p>The <code>@copying</code> command itself causes the permissions text to appear in an Info file <em>before</em> the first node. The text is also copied into the beginning of each split Info output file, as is legally necessary. This location implies a human reading the manual using Info does <em>not</em> see this text (except when using the advanced Info -command <kbd>g *</kbd>). Therefore, an explicit <code>@insertcopying</code> -in the Top node makes it apparent to readers that the manual is free. +command <kbd>g *</kbd>), but this does not matter for legal purposes, +because the text is present. <p>Similarly, the <code>@copying</code> text is automatically included at the beginning of each HTML output file, as an HTML comment. Again, this -text is not visible (unless the reader views the HTML source). And -therefore again, the <code>@insertcopying</code> in the Top node is valuable -because it makes the copying permissions visible and thus promotes -freedom. +text is not visible (unless the reader views the HTML source). <p>The permissions text defined by <code>@copying</code> also appears automatically at the beginning of the XML output file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Contents">Contents</a>, +<a name="Titlepage-%26-Copyright-Page"></a> +<a name="Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Contents">Contents</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.4 Title and Copyright Pages</h3> @@ -3509,10 +3509,10 @@ obscure TeX typesetting commands that cannot be used in an Info file. In addition, this part of the beginning of a Texinfo file contains the text of the copying permissions that appears in the printed manual. - <p><a name="index-Title-page_002c-for-plain-text-191"></a><a name="index-Copyright-page_002c-for-plain-text-192"></a>You may wish to include titlepage-like information for plain text + <p><a name="index-Title-page_002c-for-plain-text-188"></a><a name="index-Copyright-page_002c-for-plain-text-189"></a>You may wish to include titlepage-like information for plain text output. Simply place any such leading material between -<code>@ifplaintext</code> and <code>@end ifplaintext</code>; <span class="command">makeinfo</span> -includes this when writing plain text (<span class="samp">--no-headers</span>), along with +<code>@ifplaintext</code> and <code>@end ifplaintext</code>; <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> +includes this when writing plain text (‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-headers</span></samp>’), along with an <code>@insertcopying</code>. <ul class="menu"> @@ -3531,14 +3531,15 @@ an <code>@insertcopying</code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="titlepage"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a>, +<a name="titlepage"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 <code>@titlepage</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-Title-page-193"></a><a name="index-titlepage-194"></a> +<p><a name="index-Title-page-190"></a><a name="index-titlepage-191"></a> Start the material for the title page and following copyright page with <code>@titlepage</code> on a line by itself and end it with <code>@end titlepage</code> on a line by itself. @@ -3551,7 +3552,7 @@ unnumbered pages should be put between the <code>@titlepage</code> and appear there with the <code>@setcontentsaftertitlepage</code> command (see <a href="#Contents">Contents</a>). - <p><a name="index-page_0040r_007b_002c-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040titlepage_007d_007d-195"></a>By using the <code>@page</code> command you can force a page break within the + <p><a name="index-page_0040r_007b_002c-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040titlepage_007d_007d-192"></a>By using the <code>@page</code> command you can force a page break within the region delineated by the <code>@titlepage</code> and <code>@end titlepage</code> commands and thereby create more than one unnumbered page. This is how the copyright page is produced. (The <code>@titlepage</code> command might @@ -3581,7 +3582,7 @@ you want, and Texinfo does the formatting. <p>You may use either method, or you may combine them; see the examples in the sections below. - <p><a name="index-shorttitlepage-196"></a><a name="index-Bastard-title-page-197"></a><a name="index-Title-page_002c-bastard-198"></a>For extremely simple documents, and for the bastard title page in + <p><a name="index-shorttitlepage-193"></a><a name="index-Bastard-title-page-194"></a><a name="index-Title-page_002c-bastard-195"></a>For extremely simple documents, and for the bastard title page in traditional book frontmatter, Texinfo also provides a command <code>@shorttitlepage</code> which takes the rest of the line as the title. The argument is typeset on a page by itself and followed by a blank @@ -3589,15 +3590,16 @@ page. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="titlefont-center-sp"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a>, +<a name="titlefont-center-sp"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#titlepage">titlepage</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 <code>@titlefont</code>, <code>@center</code>, and <code>@sp</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-titlefont-199"></a><a name="index-center-200"></a><a name="index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028titlepage-line-spacing_0029_007d-201"></a> +<p><a name="index-titlefont-196"></a><a name="index-center-197"></a><a name="index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028titlepage-line-spacing_0029_007d-198"></a> You can use the <code>@titlefont</code>, <code>@sp</code>, and <code>@center</code> commands to create a title page for a printed document. (This is the first of the two methods for creating a title page in Texinfo.) @@ -3650,15 +3652,16 @@ them. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="title-subtitle-author"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copyright">Copyright</a>, +<a name="title-subtitle-author"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copyright">Copyright</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.3 <code>@title</code>, <code>@subtitle</code>, and <code>@author</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-title-202"></a><a name="index-subtitle-203"></a><a name="index-author-204"></a> +<p><a name="index-title-199"></a><a name="index-subtitle-200"></a><a name="index-author-201"></a> You can use the <code>@title</code>, <code>@subtitle</code>, and <code>@author</code> commands to create a title page in which the vertical and horizontal spacing is done for you automatically. This contrasts with the method @@ -3729,15 +3732,16 @@ may be useful if you have a very long title. Here is a real-life example: <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Copyright"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a>, +<a name="Copyright"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.4 Copyright Page</h4> -<p><a name="index-Copyright-page-205"></a><a name="index-Printed-permissions-206"></a><a name="index-Permissions_002c-printed-207"></a> +<p><a name="index-Copyright-page-202"></a><a name="index-Printed-permissions-203"></a><a name="index-Permissions_002c-printed-204"></a> By international treaty, the copyright notice for a book must be either on the title page or on the back of the title page. When the copyright notice is on the back of the title page, that page is customarily not @@ -3745,18 +3749,18 @@ numbered. Therefore, in Texinfo, the information on the copyright page should be within <code>@titlepage</code> and <code>@end titlepage</code> commands. - <p><a name="index-vskip-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-vertical-skip_007d-208"></a><a name="index-filll-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-dimension_007d-209"></a>Use the <code>@page</code> command to cause a page break. To push the + <p><a name="index-vskip-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-vertical-skip_007d-205"></a><a name="index-filll-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-dimension_007d-206"></a>Use the <code>@page</code> command to cause a page break. To push the copyright notice and the other text on the copyright page towards the -bottom of the page, use the following incantantion after <code>@page</code>: +bottom of the page, use the following incantation after <code>@page</code>: <pre class="example"> @vskip 0pt plus 1filll </pre> <p class="noindent">This is a TeX command that is not supported by the Info formatting -commands. The <code>@vskip</code> command inserts whitespace. The <span class="samp">0pt -plus 1filll</span> means to put in zero points of mandatory whitespace, and as +commands. The <code>@vskip</code> command inserts whitespace. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">0pt +plus 1filll</span></samp>’ means to put in zero points of mandatory whitespace, and as much optional whitespace as needed to push the following text to the -bottom of the page. Note the use of three <span class="samp">l</span>s in the word -<span class="samp">filll</span>; this is correct. +bottom of the page. Note the use of three ‘<samp><span class="samp">l</span></samp>’s in the word +‘<samp><span class="samp">filll</span></samp>’; this is correct. <p>To insert the copyright text itself, write <code>@insertcopying</code> next (see <a href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a>): @@ -3781,18 +3785,21 @@ credits, and other such information. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="end-titlepage"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#headings-on-off">headings on off</a>, +<a name="end-titlepage"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#headings-on-off">headings on off</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copyright">Copyright</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.5 Heading Generation</h4> -<p><a name="index-end-titlepage-210"></a><a name="index-Headings_002c-page_002c-begin-to-appear-211"></a><a name="index-Titlepage-end-starts-headings-212"></a><a name="index-End-titlepage-starts-headings-213"></a> -The <code>@end titlepage</code> command must be written on a line by itself. -It not only marks the end of the title and copyright pages, but also -causes TeX to start generating page headings and page numbers. +<p><a name="index-end-titlepage-207"></a><a name="index-Headings_002c-page_002c-begin-to-appear-208"></a><a name="index-Titlepage-end-starts-headings-209"></a><a name="index-End-titlepage-starts-headings-210"></a> +Like all <code>@end</code> commands (see <a href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a>), the <code>@end titlepage</code> command +must be written at the beginning of a line by itself, with only one +space between the <code>@end</code> and the <code>titlepage</code>. It not only +marks the end of the title and copyright pages, but also causes TeX +to start generating page headings and page numbers. <p>To repeat what is said elsewhere, Texinfo has two standard page heading formats, one for documents which are printed on one side of each sheet of paper @@ -3823,19 +3830,20 @@ single-sided printing. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="headings-on-off"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a>, +<a name="headings-on-off"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.4.6 The <code>@headings</code> Command</h4> -<p><a name="index-headings-214"></a> +<p><a name="index-headings-211"></a> The <code>@headings</code> command is rarely used. It specifies what kind of page headings and footings to print on each page. Usually, this is controlled by the <code>@setchapternewpage</code> command. You need the <code>@headings</code> command only if the <code>@setchapternewpage</code> command -does not do what you want, or if you want to turn off pre-defined page +does not do what you want, or if you want to turn off predefined page headings prior to defining your own. Write an <code>@headings</code> command immediately after the <code>@end titlepage</code> command. @@ -3846,15 +3854,13 @@ immediately after the <code>@end titlepage</code> command. <br><dt><code>@headings single</code><dd>Turn on page headings appropriate for single-sided printing. - <br><dt><code>@headings double</code><dt><code>@headings on</code><dd>Turn on page headings appropriate for double-sided printing. The two -commands, <code>@headings on</code> and <code>@headings double</code>, are -synonymous. + <br><dt><code>@headings double</code><dd>Turn on page headings appropriate for double-sided printing. <br><dt><code>@headings singleafter</code><dt><code>@headings doubleafter</code><dd>Turn on <code>single</code> or <code>double</code> headings, respectively, after the current page is output. - <br><dt><code>@headings on</code><dd>Turn on page headings: <code>single</code> if <span class="samp">@setchapternewpage -on</span>, <code>double</code> otherwise. + <br><dt><code>@headings on</code><dd>Turn on page headings: <code>single</code> if ‘<samp><span class="samp">@setchapternewpage +on</span></samp>’, <code>double</code> otherwise. </dl> <p>For example, suppose you write <code>@setchapternewpage off</code> before the @@ -3872,23 +3878,23 @@ line containing the <code>@end titlepage</code> command, like this: @headings off </pre> <p class="noindent">The <code>@headings off</code> command overrides the <code>@end titlepage</code> -command, which would otherwise cause TeX to print page -headings. +command, which would otherwise cause TeX to print page headings. <p>You can also specify your own style of page heading and footing. See <a href="#Headings">Page Headings</a>, for more information. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Contents"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a>, +<a name="Contents"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.5 Generating a Table of Contents</h3> -<p><a name="index-Table-of-contents-215"></a><a name="index-Contents_002c-Table-of-216"></a><a name="index-Short-table-of-contents-217"></a><a name="index-contents-218"></a><a name="index-summarycontents-219"></a><a name="index-shortcontents-220"></a> +<p><a name="index-Table-of-contents-212"></a><a name="index-Contents_002c-Table-of-213"></a><a name="index-Short-table-of-contents-214"></a><a name="index-contents-215"></a><a name="index-summarycontents-216"></a><a name="index-shortcontents-217"></a> The <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@section</code>, and other structuring commands (see <a href="#Structuring">Structuring</a>) supply the information to make up a table of contents, but they do not cause an actual table to appear in @@ -3925,7 +3931,7 @@ included in plain text output (generated by <code>makeinfo output. <p>When <code>makeinfo</code> writes a short table of contents while producing -html output, the links in the short table of contents point to +HTML output, the links in the short table of contents point to corresponding entries in the full table of contents rather than the text of the document. The links in the full table of contents point to the main text of the document. @@ -3934,7 +3940,7 @@ main text of the document. the file, after any indices and just before the <code>@bye</code>, but we no longer recommend this. - <p><a name="index-setcontentsaftertitlepage-221"></a><a name="index-setshortcontentsaftertitlepage-222"></a><a name="index-Contents_002c-after-title-page-223"></a><a name="index-Table-of-contents_002c-after-title-page-224"></a>However, since many existing Texinfo documents still do have the + <p><a name="index-setcontentsaftertitlepage-218"></a><a name="index-setshortcontentsaftertitlepage-219"></a><a name="index-Contents_002c-after-title-page-220"></a><a name="index-Table-of-contents_002c-after-title-page-221"></a>However, since many existing Texinfo documents still do have the <code>@contents</code> at the end of the manual, if you are a user printing a manual, you may wish to force the contents to be printed after the title page. You can do this by specifying @@ -3947,38 +3953,38 @@ subsequent <code>@contents</code> or <code>@shortcontents</code> is ignored <p>You need to include the <code>@set...contentsaftertitlepage</code> commands early in the document (just after <code>@setfilename</code>, for -example). We recommend using <span class="command">texi2dvi</span> (see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>) to specify this without altering the source file at all. For +example). We recommend using <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> (see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>) to specify this without altering the source file at all. For example: <pre class="example"> texi2dvi --texinfo=@setcontentsaftertitlepage foo.texi </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="The-Top-Node"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a>, +<a name="The-Top-Node"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Contents">Contents</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.6 The `Top' Node and Master Menu</h3> -<p><a name="index-Top-node-225"></a><a name="index-Node_002c-_0060Top_0027-226"></a> -The `Top' node is the node in which a reader enters an Info manual. As -such, it should begin with the <code>@insertcopying</code> command -(see <a href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a>) to provide a brief description of the -manual (including the version number) and copying permissions, and end -with a master menu for the whole manual. Of course you should include -any other general information you feel a reader would find helpful. +<p><a name="index-Top-node-222"></a><a name="index-Node_002c-_0060Top_0027-223"></a> +The `Top' node is the node in which a reader enters an Info manual. +As such, it should begin with a brief description of the manual +(including the version number), and end with a master menu for the +whole manual. Of course you should include any other general +information you feel a reader would find helpful. - <p><a name="index-top-227"></a>It is also conventional to write an <code>@top</code> sectioning command line -containing the title of the document immediately after the <code>@node -Top</code> line (see <a href="#makeinfo-top-command">The <code>@top</code> Sectioning Command</a>). + <p><a name="index-top-224"></a>It is conventional and desirable to write an <code>@top</code> sectioning +command line containing the title of the document immediately after +the <code>@node Top</code> line (see <a href="#makeinfo-top-command">The <code>@top</code> Sectioning Command</a>). <p>The contents of the `Top' node should appear only in the online output; none of it should appear in printed output, so enclose it between <code>@ifnottex</code> and <code>@end ifnottex</code> commands. (TeX does not print either an <code>@node</code> line or a menu; they appear only in Info; strictly speaking, you are not required to enclose these parts between -<code>@ifnottex</code> and <code>@end ifnottext</code>, but it is simplest to do +<code>@ifnottex</code> and <code>@end ifnottex</code>, but it is simplest to do so. See <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionally Visible Text</a>.) <ul class="menu"> @@ -3988,14 +3994,15 @@ so. See <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionally Visible Text</a>.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Top-Node-Example"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a>, +<a name="Top-Node-Example"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.6.1 Top Node Example</h4> -<p><a name="index-Top-node-example-228"></a> +<p><a name="index-Top-node-example-225"></a> Here is an example of a Top node. <pre class="example"> @ifnottex @@ -4003,6 +4010,7 @@ Here is an example of a Top node. @top Sample Title @insertcopying + @end ifnottex Additional general information. @@ -4015,14 +4023,15 @@ Here is an example of a Top node. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Master-Menu-Parts"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top-Node-Example">Top Node Example</a>, +<a name="Master-Menu-Parts"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top-Node-Example">Top Node Example</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.6.2 Parts of a Master Menu</h4> -<p><a name="index-Master-menu-229"></a><a name="index-Menu_002c-master-230"></a><a name="index-Parts-of-a-master-menu-231"></a> +<p><a name="index-Master-menu-226"></a><a name="index-Menu_002c-master-227"></a><a name="index-Parts-of-a-master-menu-228"></a> A <dfn>master menu</dfn> is a detailed main menu listing all the nodes in a file. @@ -4037,7 +4046,7 @@ for the chapters, chapter-like sections, and the appendices. <li>The second part contains nodes for the indices. - <li>The third and subsequent parts contain a listing of the other, lower + <li><a name="index-detailmenu-229"></a><a name="index-Detailed-menu-230"></a>The third and subsequent parts contain a listing of the other, lower level nodes, often ordered by chapter. This way, rather than go through an intermediary menu, an inquirer can go directly to a particular node when searching for specific information. These menu @@ -4060,7 +4069,7 @@ information.) * Overview:: Texinfo in brief. ... * Command and Variable Index:: - * Concept Index:: + * General Index:: @detailmenu --- The Detailed Node Listing --- @@ -4079,15 +4088,16 @@ information.) </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Global-Document-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a>, +<a name="Global-Document-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.7 Global Document Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Global-Document-Commands-232"></a> +<p><a name="index-Global-Document-Commands-231"></a> Besides the basic commands mentioned in the previous sections, here are additional commands which affect the document as a whole. They are generally all given before the Top node, if they are given at all. @@ -4102,16 +4112,17 @@ generally all given before the Top node, if they are given at all. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="documentdescription"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a>, +<a name="documentdescription"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.7.1 <code>@documentdescription</code>: Summary Text</h4> -<p><a name="index-Document-description-233"></a><a name="index-Description-of-document-234"></a><a name="index-Summary-of-document-235"></a><a name="index-Abstract-of-document-236"></a><a name="index-_003cmeta_003e-HTML-tag_002c-and-document-description-237"></a><a name="index-documentdescription-238"></a> -When producing HTML output for a document, <span class="command">makeinfo</span> writes a -<span class="samp"><meta></span> element in the <span class="samp"><head></span> to give some idea of the +<p><a name="index-Document-description-232"></a><a name="index-Description-of-document-233"></a><a name="index-Summary-of-document-234"></a><a name="index-Abstract-of-document-235"></a><a name="index-g_t_003cmeta_003e-HTML-tag_002c-and-document-description-236"></a><a name="index-documentdescription-237"></a> +When producing HTML output for a document, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> writes a +‘<samp><span class="samp"><meta></span></samp>’ element in the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><head></span></samp>’ to give some idea of the content of the document. By default, this <dfn>description</dfn> is the title of the document, taken from the <code>@settitle</code> command (see <a href="#settitle">settitle</a>). To change this, use the <code>@documentdescription</code> @@ -4121,7 +4132,7 @@ environment, as in: descriptive text. @end documentdescription </pre> - <p class="noindent">This will produce the following output in the <span class="samp"><head></span> of the HTML: + <p class="noindent">This will produce the following output in the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><head></span></samp>’ of the HTML: <pre class="example"> <meta name=description content="descriptive text."> </pre> @@ -4130,15 +4141,16 @@ the document. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="setchapternewpage"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a>, +<a name="setchapternewpage"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.7.2 <code>@setchapternewpage</code>:</h4> -<p><a name="index-Starting-chapters-239"></a><a name="index-Pages_002c-starting-odd-240"></a><a name="index-setchapternewpage-241"></a> +<p><a name="index-Starting-chapters-238"></a><a name="index-Pages_002c-starting-odd-239"></a><a name="index-setchapternewpage-240"></a> In an officially bound book, text is usually printed on both sides of the paper, chapters start on right-hand pages, and right-hand pages have odd numbers. But in short reports, text often is printed only on one @@ -4196,25 +4208,26 @@ command has no effect on it. your manual sources at all, since the desired output is not intrinsic to the document. For a particular hard copy run, if you don't want the default option (no blank pages, same headers on all pages) use the -<span class="option">--texinfo</span> option to <span class="command">texi2dvi</span> to specify the output +<samp><span class="option">--texinfo</span></samp> option to <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> to specify the output you want. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="paragraphindent"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a>, +<a name="paragraphindent"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.7.3 <code>@paragraphindent</code>: Paragraph Indenting</h4> -<p><a name="index-Indenting-paragraphs_002c-control-of-242"></a><a name="index-Paragraph-indentation-control-243"></a><a name="index-paragraphindent-244"></a> +<p><a name="index-Indenting-paragraphs_002c-control-of-241"></a><a name="index-Paragraph-indentation-control-242"></a><a name="index-paragraphindent-243"></a> The Texinfo processors may insert whitespace at the beginning of the first line of each paragraph, thereby indenting that paragraph. You can use the <code>@paragraphindent</code> command to specify this indentation. Write an <code>@paragraphindent</code> command at the beginning of a line -followed by either <span class="samp">asis</span> or a number: +followed by either ‘<samp><span class="samp">asis</span></samp>’ or a number: <pre class="example"> @paragraphindent <var>indent</var> </pre> @@ -4243,15 +4256,16 @@ fill) paragraphs that contain <code>@w</code> or <code>@*</code> commands. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="firstparagraphindent"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a>, +<a name="firstparagraphindent"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.7.4 <code>@firstparagraphindent</code>: Indenting After Headings</h4> -<p><a name="index-First-paragraph_002c-suppressing-indentation-of-245"></a><a name="index-Suppressing-first-paragraph-indentation-246"></a><a name="index-Preventing-first-paragraph-indentation-247"></a><a name="index-Indenting_002c-suppressing-of-first-paragraph-248"></a><a name="index-Headings_002c-indentation-after-249"></a><a name="index-firstparagraphindent-250"></a> +<p><a name="index-First-paragraph_002c-suppressing-indentation-of-244"></a><a name="index-Suppressing-first-paragraph-indentation-245"></a><a name="index-Preventing-first-paragraph-indentation-246"></a><a name="index-Indenting_002c-suppressing-of-first-paragraph-247"></a><a name="index-Headings_002c-indentation-after-248"></a><a name="index-firstparagraphindent-249"></a> As you can see in the present manual, the first paragraph in any section is not indented by default. Typographically, indentation is a paragraph separator, which means that it is unnecessary when a new @@ -4265,7 +4279,7 @@ of <var>word</var>: <dl> <dt><code>none</code><dd>Prevents the first paragraph from being indented (default). -This option is ignored by <span class="command">makeinfo</span> if +This option is ignored by <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> if <code>@paragraphindent asis</code> is in effect. <br><dt><code>insert</code><dd>Include normal paragraph indentation. This respects the paragraph @@ -4282,22 +4296,24 @@ formatting commands indent paragraphs as specified. See <a href="#Start-of-Head <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="exampleindent"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a>, +<a name="exampleindent"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">3.7.5 <code>@exampleindent</code>: Environment Indenting</h4> -<p><a name="index-Indenting-environments-251"></a><a name="index-Environment-indentation-252"></a><a name="index-Example-indentation-253"></a><a name="index-exampleindent-254"></a> +<p><a name="index-Indenting-environments-250"></a><a name="index-Environment-indentation-251"></a><a name="index-Example-indentation-252"></a><a name="index-exampleindent-253"></a> The Texinfo processors indent each line of <code>@example</code> and similar environments. You can use the <code>@exampleindent</code> command to specify this indentation. Write an <code>@exampleindent</code> command at the -beginning of a line followed by either <span class="samp">asis</span> or a number: +beginning of a line followed by either ‘<samp><span class="samp">asis</span></samp>’ or a number: <pre class="example"> @exampleindent <var>indent</var> </pre> - <p>The indentation is according to the value of <var>indent</var>: + <p><code>@exampleindent</code> is ignored for HTML output. Otherwise, the +indentation is according to the value of <var>indent</var>: <dl> <dt><code>asis</code><dd>Do not change the existing indentation (not implemented in TeX). @@ -4309,8 +4325,9 @@ beginning of a line followed by either <span class="samp">asis</span> or a numbe </dl> - <p>The default value of <var>indent</var> is 5. <code>@exampleindent</code> is -ignored for HTML output. + <p>The default value of <var>indent</var> is 5 spaces in Info, and 0.4<span class="dmn">in</span> +in TeX, which is somewhat less. (The reduction is to help TeX +fit more characters onto physical lines.) <p>It is best to write the <code>@exampleindent</code> command before the end-of-header line at the beginning of a Texinfo file, so the region @@ -4318,14 +4335,15 @@ formatting commands indent paragraphs as specified. See <a href="#Start-of-Head <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Software-Copying-Permissions"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a>, +<a name="Software-Copying-Permissions"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">3.8 Software Copying Permissions</h3> -<p><a name="index-Software-copying-permissions-255"></a><a name="index-Copying-software-256"></a><a name="index-Distribution-257"></a><a name="index-License-agreement-258"></a> +<p><a name="index-Software-copying-permissions-254"></a><a name="index-Copying-software-255"></a><a name="index-Distribution-256"></a><a name="index-License-agreement-257"></a> If the Texinfo file has a section containing the “General Public License” and the distribution information and a warranty disclaimer for the software that is documented, we recommend placing this right after @@ -4336,7 +4354,7 @@ right to use and share the software. <p>The copying and distribution information and the disclaimer are followed by an introduction or else by the first chapter of the manual. - <p><a name="index-Introduction_002c-as-part-of-file-259"></a>Although an introduction is not a required part of a Texinfo file, it + <p><a name="index-Introduction_002c-as-part-of-file-258"></a>Although an introduction is not a required part of a Texinfo file, it is very helpful. Ideally, it should state clearly and concisely what the file is about and who would be interested in reading it. In general, an introduction would follow the licensing and distribution @@ -4344,15 +4362,16 @@ information, although sometimes people put it earlier in the document. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Ending-a-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a>, +<a name="Ending-a-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">4 Ending a Texinfo File</h2> -<p><a name="index-Ending-a-Texinfo-file-260"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-ending-261"></a><a name="index-File-ending-262"></a><a name="index-bye-263"></a> +<p><a name="index-Ending-a-Texinfo-file-259"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-file-ending-260"></a><a name="index-File-ending-261"></a><a name="index-bye-262"></a> The end of a Texinfo file should include commands to create indices, and the <code>@bye</code> command to mark the last line to be processed. @@ -4373,14 +4392,16 @@ and the <code>@bye</code> command to mark the last line to be processed. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-End">File End</a>, +<a name="Printing-Indices-%26-Menus"></a> +<a name="Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-End">File End</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">4.1 Printing Indices and Menus</h3> -<p><a name="index-Printing-an-index-264"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-printing-and-menus-265"></a><a name="index-Generating-menus-with-indices-266"></a><a name="index-Menus-generated-with-indices-267"></a> +<p><a name="index-Printing-an-index-263"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-printing-and-menus-264"></a><a name="index-Generating-menus-with-indices-265"></a><a name="index-Menus-generated-with-indices-266"></a> To print an index means to include it as part of a manual or Info file. This does not happen automatically just because you use <code>@cindex</code> or other index-entry generating commands in the Texinfo file; those just @@ -4399,7 +4420,7 @@ importantly advice on writing the actual index entries. This section focuses on printing indices, which is done with the <code>@printindex</code> command. - <p><a name="index-printindex-268"></a><code>@printindex</code> takes one argument, a two-letter index + <p><a name="index-printindex-267"></a><code>@printindex</code> takes one argument, a two-letter index abbreviation. It reads the corresponding sorted index file (for printed output), and formats it appropriately into an index. @@ -4437,7 +4458,7 @@ containing node. (Older Info readers will just go to the node.) Here's an example: <pre class="smallexample"> * First index entry: Top. (line 7) - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">The actual number of spaces is variable, to right-justify the line number; it's been reduced here to make the line fit in the printed manual. @@ -4453,18 +4474,19 @@ to the index entries. </ul> <p>It's not possible to generate an index when writing to standard -output; <span class="command">makeinfo</span> generates a warning in this case. +output; <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> generates a warning in this case. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="File-End"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a>, +<a name="File-End"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">4.2 <code>@bye</code> File Ending</h3> -<p><a name="index-bye-269"></a> +<p><a name="index-bye-268"></a> An <code>@bye</code> command terminates Texinfo processing. None of the formatters read anything following <code>@bye</code>. The <code>@bye</code> command should be on a line by itself. @@ -4479,15 +4501,16 @@ for more information. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Structuring"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a>, +<a name="Structuring"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">5 Chapter Structuring</h2> -<p><a name="index-Chapter-structuring-270"></a><a name="index-Structuring-of-chapters-271"></a> +<p><a name="index-Chapter-structuring-269"></a><a name="index-Structuring-of-chapters-270"></a> The <dfn>chapter structuring</dfn> commands divide a document into a hierarchy of chapters, sections, subsections, and subsubsections. These commands generate large headings; they also provide information for the table @@ -4523,14 +4546,15 @@ heading at the top of each node—but you don't need to. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Tree-Structuring"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Structuring-Command-Types">Structuring Command Types</a>, +<a name="Tree-Structuring"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Structuring-Command-Types">Structuring Command Types</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.1 Tree Structure of Sections</h3> -<p><a name="index-Tree-structuring-272"></a> +<p><a name="index-Tree-structuring-271"></a> A Texinfo file is usually structured like a book with chapters, sections, subsections, and the like. This structure can be visualized as a tree (or rather as an upside-down tree) with the root at the top @@ -4563,10 +4587,11 @@ following chapters. (See <a href="#Nodes">Nodes</a>, and see <a href="#Menus">Me <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Structuring-Command-Types"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-top">makeinfo top</a>, +<a name="Structuring-Command-Types"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-top">makeinfo top</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tree-Structuring">Tree Structuring</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.2 Structuring Command Types</h3> @@ -4626,16 +4651,17 @@ do not. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-top"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#chapter">chapter</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-top"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#chapter">chapter</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Structuring-Command-Types">Structuring Command Types</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.3 <code>@top</code></h3> <p>The <code>@top</code> command is a special sectioning command that you use -only after an <span class="samp">@node Top</span> line at the beginning of a Texinfo file. +only after an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@node Top</span></samp>’ line at the beginning of a Texinfo file. The <code>@top</code> command tells the <code>makeinfo</code> formatter which node is the `Top' node, so it can use it as the root of the node tree if your manual uses implicit node pointers. It has the same typesetting effect as @@ -4647,16 +4673,17 @@ HTML output, not TeX. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="chapter"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a>, +<a name="chapter"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-top">makeinfo top</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">5.4 <code>@chapter</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-chapter-273"></a> +<p><a name="index-chapter-272"></a> <code>@chapter</code> identifies a chapter in the document. Write the command at the beginning of a line and follow it on the same line by the title of the chapter. @@ -4677,47 +4704,46 @@ in Info, the above example produces the following output: <pre class="example"> Chapter Structuring ******************* </pre> - <p><a name="index-centerchap-274"></a>Texinfo also provides a command <code>@centerchap</code>, which is analogous + <p><a name="index-centerchap-273"></a>Texinfo also provides a command <code>@centerchap</code>, which is analogous to <code>@unnumbered</code>, but centers its argument in the printed output. This kind of stylistic choice is not usually offered by Texinfo. <!-- but the Hacker's Dictionary wanted it ... --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="unnumbered-_0026-appendix"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a>, +<a name="unnumbered-%26-appendix"></a> +<a name="unnumbered-_0026-appendix"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#chapter">chapter</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.5 <code>@unnumbered</code> and <code>@appendix</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-unnumbered-275"></a><a name="index-appendix-276"></a> +<p><a name="index-unnumbered-274"></a><a name="index-appendix-275"></a> Use the <code>@unnumbered</code> command to create a chapter that appears in a printed manual without chapter numbers of any kind. Use the <code>@appendix</code> command to create an appendix in a printed manual -that is labelled by letter instead of by number. - - <p>For Info file output, the <code>@unnumbered</code> and <code>@appendix</code> -commands are equivalent to <code>@chapter</code>: the title is printed on a -line by itself with a line of asterisks underneath. (See <a href="#chapter"><code>@chapter</code></a>.) +that is labelled by letter (`A', `B', <small class="dots">...</small>) instead of by number. - <p>To create an appendix or an unnumbered chapter, write an -<code>@appendix</code> or <code>@unnumbered</code> command at the beginning of a -line and follow it on the same line by the title, as you would if you -were creating a chapter. + <p>Write an <code>@appendix</code> or <code>@unnumbered</code> command at the +beginning of a line and follow it on the same line by the title, as +you would if you were creating a chapter. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="majorheading-_0026-chapheading"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#section">section</a>, +<a name="majorheading-%26-chapheading"></a> +<a name="majorheading-_0026-chapheading"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#section">section</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.6 <code>@majorheading</code>, <code>@chapheading</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-majorheading-277"></a><a name="index-chapheading-278"></a> +<p><a name="index-majorheading-276"></a><a name="index-chapheading-277"></a> The <code>@majorheading</code> and <code>@chapheading</code> commands put chapter-like headings in the body of a document. @@ -4737,57 +4763,58 @@ of asterisks underneath. (See <a href="#chapter"><code>@chapter</code></a>.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="section"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a>, +<a name="section"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">5.7 <code>@section</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-section-279"></a> -In a printed manual, an <code>@section</code> command identifies a -numbered section within a chapter. The section title appears in the -table of contents. In Info, an <code>@section</code> command provides a -title for a segment of text, underlined with <span class="samp">=</span>. +<p><a name="index-section-278"></a> +A <code>@section</code> command identifies a section within a chapter unit, +whether created with <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@unnumbered</code>, or +<code>@appendix</code>, following the numbering scheme of the chapter-level +command. Thus, within a <code>@chapter</code> chapter numbered `1', the +section is numbered like `1.2'; within an <code>@appendix</code> +“chapter” labeled `A', the section is numbered like `A.2'; within an +<code>@unnumbered</code> chapter, the section gets no number. - <p>This section is headed with an <code>@section</code> command and looks like -this in the Texinfo file: + <p>For example, this section is headed with an <code>@section</code> command +and looks like this in the Texinfo file: <pre class="example"> @section @code{@@section} </pre> <p>To create a section, write the <code>@section</code> command at the beginning of a line and follow it on the same line by the section -title. +title. The output is underlined with ‘<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>’ in Info. <p>Thus, <pre class="example"> @section This is a section </pre> - <p class="noindent">produces + <p class="noindent">might produce the following in Info: -<pre class="example"> This is a section - ================= +<pre class="example"> 5.7 This is a section + ===================== </pre> - <p class="noindent">in Info. - -<div class="node"> + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#subsection">subsection</a>, +<a name="unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#subsection">subsection</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#section">section</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">5.8 <code>@unnumberedsec</code>, <code>@appendixsec</code>, <code>@heading</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-unnumberedsec-280"></a><a name="index-appendixsec-281"></a><a name="index-heading-282"></a> +<p><a name="index-unnumberedsec-279"></a><a name="index-appendixsec-280"></a><a name="index-heading-281"></a> The <code>@unnumberedsec</code>, <code>@appendixsec</code>, and <code>@heading</code> commands are, respectively, the unnumbered, appendix-like, and -heading-like equivalents of the <code>@section</code> command. -(See <a href="#section"><code>@section</code></a>.) +heading-like equivalents of the <code>@section</code> command, as described +in the previous section. <dl> <dt><code>@unnumberedsec</code><dd>The <code>@unnumberedsec</code> command may be used within an @@ -4796,7 +4823,7 @@ provide an unnumbered section. <br><dt><code>@appendixsec</code><dt><code>@appendixsection</code><dd><code>@appendixsection</code> is a longer spelling of the <code>@appendixsec</code> command; the two are synonymous. -<a name="index-appendixsection-283"></a> +<a name="index-appendixsection-282"></a> Conventionally, the <code>@appendixsec</code> or <code>@appendixsection</code> command is used only within appendices. @@ -4804,44 +4831,49 @@ command is used only within appendices. section-style heading that will not appear in the table of contents. </dl> + <p><code>@unnumberedsec</code> and <code>@appendixsec</code> do not need to be used +in ordinary circumstances, because <code>@section</code> may also be used +within <code>@unnumbered</code> and <code>@appendix</code> chapters; again, see +the previous section. + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="subsection"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a>, +<a name="subsection"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">5.9 The <code>@subsection</code> Command</h3> -<p><a name="index-subsection-284"></a> +<p><a name="index-subsection-283"></a> Subsections are to sections as sections are to chapters. (See <a href="#section"><code>@section</code></a>.) In Info, subsection titles are -underlined with <span class="samp">-</span>. For example, +underlined with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’. For example, <pre class="example"> @subsection This is a subsection </pre> <p class="noindent">produces -<pre class="example"> This is a subsection - -------------------- +<pre class="example"> 1.2.3 This is a subsection + -------------------------- </pre> <p>In a printed manual, subsections are listed in the table of contents and are numbered three levels deep. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a>, +<a name="unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#subsection">subsection</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">5.10 The <code>@subsection</code>-like Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Subsection_002dlike-commands-285"></a><a name="index-unnumberedsubsec-286"></a><a name="index-appendixsubsec-287"></a><a name="index-subheading-288"></a> +<p><a name="index-Subsection_002dlike-commands-284"></a><a name="index-unnumberedsubsec-285"></a><a name="index-appendixsubsec-286"></a><a name="index-subheading-287"></a> The <code>@unnumberedsubsec</code>, <code>@appendixsubsec</code>, and <code>@subheading</code> commands are, respectively, the unnumbered, appendix-like, and heading-like equivalents of the <code>@subsection</code> @@ -4857,17 +4889,23 @@ subsection-like heading labelled with a letter and numbers; both of these commands produce headings that appear in the table of contents. + <p><code>@unnumberedsubsec</code> and <code>@appendixsubsec</code> do not need to +be used in ordinary circumstances, because <code>@subsection</code> may +also be used within sections of <code>@unnumbered</code> and +<code>@appendix</code> chapters (see <a href="#section"><code>section</code></a>). + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="subsubsection"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a>, +<a name="subsubsection"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.11 The `subsub' Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Subsub-commands-289"></a><a name="index-subsubsection-290"></a><a name="index-unnumberedsubsubsec-291"></a><a name="index-appendixsubsubsec-292"></a><a name="index-subsubheading-293"></a> +<p><a name="index-Subsub-commands-288"></a><a name="index-subsubsection-289"></a><a name="index-unnumberedsubsubsec-290"></a><a name="index-appendixsubsubsec-291"></a><a name="index-subsubheading-292"></a> The fourth and lowest level sectioning commands in Texinfo are the `subsub' commands. They are: @@ -4893,6 +4931,12 @@ Info, subsubheadings look exactly like ordinary subsubsection headings. </dl> + <p><code>@unnumberedsubsubsec</code> and <code>@appendixsubsubsec</code> do not +need to be used in ordinary circumstances, because +<code>@subsubsection</code> may also be used within subsections of +<code>@unnumbered</code> and <code>@appendix</code> chapters +(see <a href="#section"><code>section</code></a>). + <p>In Info, `subsub' titles are underlined with periods. For example, @@ -4900,19 +4944,21 @@ For example, </pre> <p class="noindent">produces -<pre class="example"> This is a subsubsection - ....................... +<pre class="example"> 1.2.3.4 This is a subsubsection + ............................... </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Raise_002flower-sections"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a>, +<a name="Raise%2flower-sections"></a> +<a name="Raise_002flower-sections"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">5.12 <code>@raisesections</code> and <code>@lowersections</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-raisesections-294"></a><a name="index-lowersections-295"></a><a name="index-Raising-and-lowering-sections-296"></a><a name="index-Lowering-and-raising-sections-297"></a><a name="index-Sections_002c-raising-and-lowering-298"></a> +<p><a name="index-raisesections-293"></a><a name="index-lowersections-294"></a><a name="index-Raising-and-lowering-sections-295"></a><a name="index-Lowering-and-raising-sections-296"></a><a name="index-Sections_002c-raising-and-lowering-297"></a> The <code>@raisesections</code> and <code>@lowersections</code> commands implicitly raise and lower the hierarchical level of following chapters, sections and the other sectioning commands. @@ -4923,7 +4969,7 @@ chapters, subsections to sections, and so on. Conversely, the to subsections, and so on. Thus, an <code>@lowersections</code> command cancels an <code>@raisesections</code> command, and vice versa. - <p><a name="index-Include-files_002c-and-section-levels-299"></a>You can use <code>@lowersections</code> to include text written as an outer + <p><a name="index-Include-files_002c-and-section-levels-298"></a>You can use <code>@lowersections</code> to include text written as an outer or standalone Texinfo file in another Texinfo file as an inner, included file. Typical usage looks like this: @@ -4938,8 +4984,8 @@ sections in the document would be lowered.) need to conditionalize its inclusion with a flag (see <a href="#set-value">set value</a>). <p>Another difficulty can arise with documents that use the (recommended) -feature of <span class="command">makeinfo</span> for implicitly determining node -pointers. Since <span class="command">makeinfo</span> must assume a hierarchically +feature of <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> for implicitly determining node +pointers. Since <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> must assume a hierarchically organized document to determine the pointers, you cannot just arbitrarily sprinkle <code>@raisesections</code> and <code>@lowersections</code> commands in the document. The final result has to have menus that @@ -4952,7 +4998,7 @@ hierarchical level a step at a time. An attempt to raise above `chapter' reproduces chapter commands; an attempt to lower below `subsubsection' reproduces subsubsection commands. Also, lowered subsubsections and raised chapters will not work with -<span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s feature of implicitly determining node pointers, +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s feature of implicitly determining node pointers, since the menu structure won't be correct. <p>Write each <code>@raisesections</code> and <code>@lowersections</code> command @@ -4960,10 +5006,11 @@ on a line of its own. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Nodes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menus">Menus</a>, +<a name="Nodes"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menus">Menus</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Structuring">Structuring</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">6 Nodes</h2> @@ -4994,9 +5041,10 @@ other manuals, from mail archives, and so on. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Two-Paths"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Menu-Illustration">Node Menu Illustration</a>, +<a name="Two-Paths"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Menu-Illustration">Node Menu Illustration</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">6.1 Two Paths</h3> @@ -5029,10 +5077,11 @@ matching structure in the Info output. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Node-Menu-Illustration"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#node">node</a>, +<a name="Node-Menu-Illustration"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#node">node</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Two-Paths">Two Paths</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">6.2 Node and Menu Illustration</h3> @@ -5121,15 +5170,16 @@ line, an <code>@chapter</code> line, and then by indexing lines. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="node"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>, +<a name="node"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Node-Menu-Illustration">Node Menu Illustration</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">6.3 The <code>@node</code> Command</h3> -<p><a name="index-Node_002c-defined-300"></a><a name="index-node-301"></a> +<p><a name="index-Node_002c-defined-299"></a><a name="index-node-300"></a> A <dfn>node</dfn> is a segment of text that begins at an <code>@node</code> command and continues until the next <code>@node</code> command. The definition of node is different from that for chapter or section. A @@ -5143,29 +5193,31 @@ contain any number of nodes. Indeed, a chapter usually contains several nodes, one for each section, subsection, and subsubsection. - <p>To create a node, write an <code>@node</code> command at the beginning of a -line, and follow it with up to four arguments, separated by commas, on -the rest of the same line. The first argument is required; it is the -name of this node. The subsequent arguments are the names of the -`Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers, in that order, and may be omitted -if your Texinfo document is hierarchically organized (see <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>). - - <p>You may insert spaces before each name if you wish; the spaces are -ignored. You must write the name of the node and (if present) the names -of the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers all on the same line. -Otherwise, the formatters fail. (see <a href="info.html#Top">info</a>, for more -information about nodes in Info.) + <p>To specify a node, write an <code>@node</code> command at the beginning of +a line, and follow it with up to four arguments, separated by commas, +on the rest of the same line. The first argument is required; it is +the name of this node (for details of node names, see <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>). The subsequent arguments are the names of the `Next', +`Previous', and `Up' pointers, in that order, and may be omitted if +your Texinfo document is hierarchically organized (see <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>). + + <p><a name="index-accesskey_0040r_007b_002c-in-HTML-output_007d-301"></a>Whether the node pointers are specified implicitly or explicitly, the +HTML output from <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> for each node includes links to +the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' nodes. The HTML also uses the +<code>accesskey</code> attribute with the values ‘<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">u</span></samp>’ respectively. This allows people using web browsers to +follow the nagivation using (typically) <kbd>M-</kbd><var>letter</var>, e.g., +<kbd>M-n</kbd> for the `Next' node, from anywhere within the node. + + <p>You may insert spaces before each name on the <code>@node</code> line if +you wish; the spaces are ignored. You must write the name of the node +and (if present) the names of the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' +pointers all on the same line. Otherwise, the formatters fail. +(see <a href="info.html#Top">info</a>, for more information about nodes in Info.) <p>Usually, you write one of the chapter-structuring command lines immediately after an <code>@node</code> line—for example, an <code>@section</code> or <code>@subsection</code> line. (See <a href="#Structuring-Command-Types">Structuring Command Types</a>.) - <blockquote> -<b>Note:</b> The GNU Emacs Texinfo mode updating commands work -only with Texinfo files in which <code>@node</code> lines are followed by chapter -structuring lines. See <a href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a>. -</blockquote> - <p>TeX uses <code>@node</code> lines to identify the names to use for cross references. For this reason, you must write <code>@node</code> lines in a Texinfo file that you intend to format for printing, even if you do not @@ -5184,25 +5236,27 @@ see <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a>.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Node-Names"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a>, +<a name="Node-Names"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#node">node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Choosing Node and Pointer Names</h4> -<p><a name="index-Node-names_002c-choosing-302"></a>The name of a node identifies the node. The pointers enable -you to reach other nodes and consist simply of the names of those nodes. +<p><a name="index-Node-names_002c-choosing-302"></a>The name of a node identifies the node (for details of node names, +see <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>). The pointers enable you to reach +other nodes and consist simply of the names of those nodes. - <p>Normally, a node's `Up' pointer contains the name of the node whose menu -mentions that node. The node's `Next' pointer contains the name of the -node that follows that node in that menu and its `Previous' pointer -contains the name of the node that precedes it in that menu. When a -node's `Previous' node is the same as its `Up' node, both node pointers -name the same node. + <p>Normally, a node's `Up' pointer contains the name of the node whose +menu mentions that node. The node's `Next' pointer contains the name +of the node that follows the present node in that menu and its +`Previous' pointer contains the name of the node that precedes it in +that menu. When a node's `Previous' node is the same as its `Up' +node, both node pointers name the same node. <p>Usually, the first node of a Texinfo file is the `Top' node, and its -`Up' and `Previous' pointers point to the <span class="file">dir</span> file, which +`Up' and `Previous' pointers point to the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file, which contains the main menu for all of Info. <p>The `Top' node itself contains the main or master menu for the manual. @@ -5214,19 +5268,20 @@ first node of a Texinfo file. can write the nodes in the Texinfo source file in an arbitrary order! Because TeX processes the file sequentially, irrespective of node pointers, you must write the nodes in the order you wish them to appear -in the printed output. +in the output. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Writing-a-Node"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Line-Tips">Node Line Tips</a>, +<a name="Writing-a-Node"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Line-Tips">Node Line Tips</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Node-Names">Node Names</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#node">node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 How to Write an <code>@node</code> Line</h4> -<p><a name="index-Writing-an-_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-303"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-writing-304"></a><a name="index-Node-line-writing-305"></a> +<p><a name="index-Writing-an-_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-303"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-writing-304"></a><a name="index-Node-line-writing-305"></a> The easiest way to write an <code>@node</code> line is to write <code>@node</code> at the beginning of a line and then the name of the node, like this: @@ -5241,7 +5296,7 @@ insert node pointers into the Info file it creates. (See <a href="#Texinfo-Mode <p>Alternatively, you can insert the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers yourself. If you do this, you may find it helpful to use the Texinfo mode keyboard command <kbd>C-c C-c n</kbd>. This command inserts -<span class="samp">@node</span> and a comment line listing the names of the pointers in +‘<samp><span class="samp">@node</span></samp>’ and a comment line listing the names of the pointers in their proper order. The comment line helps you keep track of which arguments are for which pointers. This comment line is especially useful if you are not familiar with Texinfo. @@ -5251,6 +5306,12 @@ and `Up' pointers looks like this: <pre class="example"> @node <var>node-name</var>, <var>next</var>, <var>previous</var>, <var>up</var> </pre> + <p>The <var>node-name</var> argument must be present, but the others are +optional. If you wish to specify some but not others, just insert +commas as needed, as in: ‘<samp><span class="samp">@node mynode,,,uppernode</span></samp>’. However, +we recommend leaving off all the pointers and letting <code>makeinfo</code> +determine them, as described above. + <p>If you wish, you can ignore <code>@node</code> lines altogether in your first draft and then use the <code>texinfo-insert-node-lines</code> command to create <code>@node</code> lines for you. However, we do not recommend this @@ -5268,10 +5329,11 @@ much easier for people to find the node. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Node-Line-Tips"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>, +<a name="Node-Line-Tips"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#node">node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 <code>@node</code> Line Tips</h4> @@ -5296,10 +5358,11 @@ capitalized; others are not. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Node-Line-Requirements"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#First-Node">First Node</a>, +<a name="Node-Line-Requirements"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#First-Node">First Node</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Node-Line-Tips">Node Line Tips</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#node">node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.4 <code>@node</code> Line Requirements</h4> @@ -5324,9 +5387,9 @@ different. <p>The node to which a pointer points may come before or after the node containing the pointer. - <p><a name="index-_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-nodename-310"></a><a name="index-Node-name_002c-should-not-contain-_0040_0040_002dcommands-311"></a><li>@-commands in node names are not allowed. This includes punctuation -characters that are escaped with a <span class="samp">@</span>, such as <code>@</code> and -<code>{</code>, and accent commands such as <span class="samp">@'</span>. (For a few cases + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-nodename-310"></a><a name="index-Node-name_002c-should-not-contain-_0040_0040_002dcommands-311"></a><li>@-commands in node names are not allowed. This includes punctuation +characters that are escaped with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’, such as <code>@</code> and +<code>{</code>, and accent commands such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">@'</span></samp>’. (For a few cases when this is useful, Texinfo has limited support for using @-commands<!-- /@w --> in node names; see <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>.) Perhaps this limitation will be removed some day. @@ -5338,31 +5401,32 @@ this limitation will be removed some day, too. <p>For example, the following is a section title in this manual: <pre class="smallexample"> @code{@@unnumberedsec}, @code{@@appendixsec}, @code{@@heading} - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">But the corresponding node name lacks the commas and the @'s: <pre class="smallexample"> unnumberedsec appendixsec heading - </pre> +</pre> <p><a name="index-Case-in-node-name-319"></a><li>Case is significant in node names. - <p><a name="index-White-space-in-node-name-320"></a><a name="index-Spaces-in-node-name-321"></a>Spaces before and after names on the <span class="samp">@node</span> line are ignored, + <p><a name="index-White-space-in-node-name-320"></a><a name="index-Spaces-in-node-name-321"></a>Spaces before and after names on the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@node</span></samp>’ line are ignored, but spaces “inside” a name are significant. For example: <pre class="example"> @node foo bar, @node foo bar , @node foo bar , - </pre> - <p class="noindent">all define the same node, <span class="samp">foo bar</span>. References to the +</pre> + <p class="noindent">all define the same node, ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo bar</span></samp>’. References to the node should all use that name, without the leading or trailing spaces, but with the internal spaces. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="First-Node"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-top-command">makeinfo top command</a>, +<a name="First-Node"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-top-command">makeinfo top command</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#node">node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.5 The First Node</h4> @@ -5375,20 +5439,16 @@ short summary, copying permissions, and a master menu. See <a href="#The-Top-No <p>Here is a description of the node pointers to be used in the Top node: <ul> -<li><a name="index-Up-node-of-Top-node-324"></a><a name="index-_0028dir_0029-as-Up-node-of-Top-node-325"></a>The Top node (which must be named <span class="samp">top</span> or <span class="samp">Top</span>) should have +<li><a name="index-Up-node-of-Top-node-324"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028dir_0029-as-Up-node-of-Top-node-325"></a>The Top node (which must be named ‘<samp><span class="samp">top</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’) should have as its `Up' node the name of a node in another file, where there is a menu that leads to this file. Specify the file name in parentheses. <p>Usually, all Info files are installed in the same Info directory tree; -in this case, use <span class="samp">(dir)</span> as the parent of the Top node; this is -short for <span class="samp">(dir)top</span>, and specifies the Top node in the <span class="file">dir</span> +in this case, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’ as the parent of the Top node; this is +short for ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)top</span></samp>’, and specifies the Top node in the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file, which contains the main menu for the Info system as a whole. - <li><a name="index-Previous-node-of-Top-node-326"></a>On the other hand, do not define the `Previous' node of the Top node to -be <span class="samp">(dir)</span>, as it causes confusing behavior for users: if you are -in the Top node and hits <DEL> to go backwards, you wind up in the -middle of the some other entry in the <span class="file">dir</span> file, which has nothing -to do with what you were reading. + <li><a name="index-Prev-node-of-Top-node-326"></a>The `Prev' node of the Top node should also be your ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)</span></samp>’ file. <li><a name="index-Next-node-of-Top-node-327"></a>The `Next' node of the Top node should be the first chapter in your document. @@ -5396,21 +5456,19 @@ document. </ul> <p>See <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>, for more information about installing -an Info file in the <span class="file">info</span> directory. - - <p>For concreteness, here is an example with explicit pointers (which you -can maintain automatically with the texinfo mode commands): +an Info file in the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory. - <p>Or you can leave the pointers off entirely and let the tools implicitly -define them. This is recommended. Thus: + <p>It is usually best to leave the pointers off entirely and let the +tools implicitly define them, with this simple result: <pre class="example"> @node Top </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-top-command"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#First-Node">First Node</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-top-command"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#First-Node">First Node</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#node">node</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">6.3.6 The <code>@top</code> Sectioning Command</h4> @@ -5444,17 +5502,19 @@ create or update pointers and menus. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-Pointer-Creation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#anchor">anchor</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-Pointer-Creation"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#anchor">anchor</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#node">node</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">6.4 Creating Pointers with <code>makeinfo</code></h3> <p><a name="index-Creating-pointers-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-329"></a><a name="index-Pointer-creation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-330"></a><a name="index-Automatic-pointer-creation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-331"></a> -The <code>makeinfo</code> program has a feature for automatically determining -node pointers for a hierarchically organized document. +The <code>makeinfo</code> program has a feature for automatically +determining node pointers for a hierarchically organized document. We +highly recommend using it. <p>When you take advantage of this feature, you do not need to write the `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers after the name of a node. @@ -5470,7 +5530,11 @@ file. See <a href="#makeinfo-top"><code>@top</code></a>. node) in a menu that is one or more hierarchical levels above the node's hierarchical level. - <p>This implicit node pointer insertion feature in <code>makeinfo</code> + <p><a name="index-Detail-menu-332"></a><a name="index-detailmenu-333"></a>If you use a detailed menu in your master menu (see <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a>), mark it with the <code>@detailmenu @dots{} @end +detailmenu</code> environment, or <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> will get confused, +typically about the last and/or first node in the document. + + <p>This implicit node pointer creation feature in <code>makeinfo</code> relieves you from the need to update menus and pointers manually or with Texinfo mode commands. (See <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a>.) @@ -5481,18 +5545,19 @@ sectioning commands at all (for example, if you never intend the document to be printed). The special procedure for handling the short text before a menu (see <a href="#Menus">Menus</a>) also disables this feature, for that group of nodes. In those cases, you will need to -explicitly specify the pointers. +explicitly specify all pointers. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="anchor"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>, +<a name="anchor"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">6.5 <code>@anchor</code>: Defining Arbitrary Cross-reference Targets</h3> -<p><a name="index-anchor-332"></a><a name="index-Anchors-333"></a><a name="index-Cross_002dreference-targets_002c-arbitrary-334"></a><a name="index-Targets-for-cross_002dreferences_002c-arbitrary-335"></a> +<p><a name="index-anchor-334"></a><a name="index-Anchors-335"></a><a name="index-Cross_002dreference-targets_002c-arbitrary-336"></a><a name="index-Targets-for-cross_002dreferences_002c-arbitrary-337"></a> An <dfn>anchor</dfn> is a position in your document, labeled so that cross-references can refer to it, just as they can to nodes. You create an anchor with the <code>@anchor</code> command, and give the label as a @@ -5518,34 +5583,39 @@ cross-reference commands. wish to refer to; that way, the reader's eye is led on to the correct text when they jump to the anchor. You can put the <code>@anchor</code> command on a line by itself if that helps readability of the source. -Spaces are always ignored after <code>@anchor</code>. +Whitespace (including newlines) is ignored after <code>@anchor</code>. <p>Anchor names and node names may not conflict. Anchors and nodes are given similar treatment in some ways; for example, the <code>goto-node</code> command in standalone Info takes either an anchor name or a node name as -an argument. (See <a href="info-stnd.html#goto_002dnode">goto-node (GNU Info)</a>.) +an argument. (See <a href="info-stnd.html#goto_002dnode">goto-node</a>.) + + <p>Also like node names, anchor names cannot include some characters +(see <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Menus"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a>, +<a name="Menus"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Nodes">Nodes</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">7 Menus</h2> -<p><a name="index-Menus-336"></a><a name="index-menu-337"></a> +<p><a name="index-Menus-338"></a><a name="index-menu-339"></a> <dfn>Menus</dfn> contain pointers to subordinate nodes. In online output, you use menus to go to such nodes. Menus have no effect in printed manuals and do not appear in them. <p>A node with a menu should not contain much text. If you find yourself -writing a lot of before a menu, we generally recommend moving most of -the text into a new subnode—all but a paragraph or two. Otherwise, -a reader with a terminal that displays only a few lines may miss the -menu and its associated text. As a practical matter, it is best to -locate a menu within 20 or so lines of the beginning of the node. +writing a lot of text before a menu, we generally recommend moving +most of the text into a new subnode—all but a paragraph or two. +Otherwise, a reader with a terminal that displays only a few lines may +miss the menu and its associated text. As a practical matter, it is +best to locate a menu within 20 or so lines of the beginning of the +node. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a>: Menus go at the ends of short nodes. @@ -5558,53 +5628,55 @@ locate a menu within 20 or so lines of the beginning of the node. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Menu-Location"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a>, +<a name="Menu-Location"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Menus">Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">7.1 Menu Location</h3> -<p><a name="index-Menu-location-338"></a><a name="index-Location-of-menus-339"></a> +<p><a name="index-Menu-location-340"></a><a name="index-Location-of-menus-341"></a> A menu must be located at the end of a node, without any regular text or additional commands between the <code>@end menu</code> and the beginning of the next node. (As a consequence, there may be at most one menu in a node.) - <p><a name="index-Info-format_002c-and-menus-340"></a>This is actually a useful restriction, since a reader who uses the + <p><a name="index-Info-format_002c-and-menus-342"></a>This is actually a useful restriction, since a reader who uses the menu could easily miss any such text. Technically, it is necessary because in Info format, there is no marker for the end of a menu, so Info-reading programs would have no way to know when the menu ends and normal text resumes. - <p><a name="index-Hierarchical-documents_002c-and-menus-341"></a>Technically, menus can carry you to any node, regardless of the + <p><a name="index-Hierarchical-documents_002c-and-menus-343"></a>Technically, menus can carry you to any node, regardless of the structure of the document; even to nodes in a different Info file. However, we do not recommend ever making use of this, because the -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> implicit pointer creation feature (see <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>) and GNU Emacs Texinfo mode updating commands work +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> implicit pointer creation feature (see <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>) and GNU Emacs Texinfo mode updating commands work only to create menus of subordinate nodes in a hierarchically structured document. Instead, use cross references to refer to arbitrary nodes. - <p>In the past, we recommended using a <span class="samp">@heading</span> command within an + <p>In the past, we recommended using a ‘<samp><span class="samp">@heading</span></samp>’ command within an <code>@ifinfo</code> conditional instead of the normal sectioning commands after a very short node with a menu. This had the advantage of making the printed output look better, because there was no very short text -between two headings on the page. But aside from not working with -<span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s implicit pointer creation, it also makes the XML -output incorrect, since it does not reflect the true document -structure. So, unfortunately we can no longer recommend this. +between two headings on the page. But this also does not work with +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s implicit pointer creation, and it also makes the +XML output incorrect, since it does not reflect the true document +structure. So, regrettably, we can no longer recommend this. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Writing-a-Menu"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a>, +<a name="Writing-a-Menu"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Menus">Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">7.2 Writing a Menu</h3> -<p><a name="index-Writing-a-menu-342"></a><a name="index-Menu-writing-343"></a> +<p><a name="index-Writing-a-menu-344"></a><a name="index-Menu-writing-345"></a> A menu consists of an <code>@menu</code> command on a line by itself followed by menu entry lines or menu comment lines and then by an <code>@end menu</code> command on a line by itself. @@ -5619,26 +5691,33 @@ followed by menu entry lines or menu comment lines and then by an several files at once. @end menu </pre> - <p>In a menu, every line that begins with an <span class="samp">* </span><!-- /@w --> is a <dfn>menu + <p>In a menu, every line that begins with an ‘<samp><span class="samp">* </span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> is a <dfn>menu entry</dfn>. (Note the space after the asterisk.) A line that does not -start with an <span class="samp">* </span><!-- /@w --> may also appear in a menu. Such a line is +start with an ‘<samp><span class="samp">* </span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> may also appear in a menu. Such a line is not a menu entry but is a menu comment line that appears in the Info -file. In the example above, the line <span class="samp">Larger Units of Text</span> is a -menu comment line; the two lines starting with <span class="samp">* </span><!-- /@w --> are menu -<a name="index-Spaces_002c-in-menus-344"></a>entries. Space characters in a menu are preserved as-is; this allows +file. In the example above, the line ‘<samp><span class="samp">Larger Units of Text</span></samp>’ is a +menu comment line; the two lines starting with ‘<samp><span class="samp">* </span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> are menu +<a name="index-Spaces_002c-in-menus-346"></a>entries. Space characters in a menu are preserved as-is; this allows you to format the menu as you wish. + <p><a name="index-accesskey_0040r_007b_002c-in-HTML-output_007d-347"></a>In the HTML output from <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>, the <code>accesskey</code> +attribute is used with the values ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’<small class="dots">...</small>‘<samp><span class="samp">9</span></samp>’ for the +first nine entries. This allows people using web browsers to follow +the first menu entries using (typically) <kbd>M-</kbd><var>digit</var>, e.g., +<kbd>M-1</kbd> for the first entry. + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Menu-Parts"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a>, +<a name="Menu-Parts"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Menus">Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">7.3 The Parts of a Menu</h3> -<p><a name="index-Parts-of-a-menu-345"></a><a name="index-Menu-parts-346"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040menu_007d-parts-347"></a> +<p><a name="index-Parts-of-a-menu-348"></a><a name="index-Menu-parts-349"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040menu_007d-parts-350"></a> A menu entry has three parts, only the second of which is required: <ol type=1 start=1> @@ -5670,16 +5749,17 @@ with the first (and all others). It's up to you. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a>, +<a name="Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Menus">Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">7.4 Less Cluttered Menu Entry</h3> -<p><a name="index-Two-part-menu-entry-348"></a><a name="index-Double_002dcolon-menu-entries-349"></a><a name="index-Menu-entries-with-two-colons-350"></a><a name="index-Less-cluttered-menu-entry-351"></a><a name="index-Uncluttered-menu-entry-352"></a> +<p><a name="index-Two-part-menu-entry-351"></a><a name="index-Double_002dcolon-menu-entries-352"></a><a name="index-Menu-entries-with-two-colons-353"></a><a name="index-Less-cluttered-menu-entry-354"></a><a name="index-Uncluttered-menu-entry-355"></a> When the menu entry name and node name are the same, you can write the name immediately after the asterisk and space at the beginning of the line and follow the name with two colons. @@ -5697,16 +5777,17 @@ since it reduces visual clutter in the menu. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Menu-Example"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a>, +<a name="Menu-Example"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Menus">Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">7.5 A Menu Example</h3> -<p><a name="index-Menu-example-353"></a><a name="index-Example-menu-354"></a> +<p><a name="index-Menu-example-356"></a><a name="index-Example-menu-357"></a> A menu looks like this in Texinfo: <pre class="example"> @menu @@ -5740,27 +5821,28 @@ A menu looks like this in Texinfo: * Multiples: Buffers. Multiple buffers; editing several files at once. </pre> - <p>In this example, the menu has two entries. <span class="samp">Files</span> is both a menu + <p>In this example, the menu has two entries. ‘<samp><span class="samp">Files</span></samp>’ is both a menu entry name and the name of the node referred to by that name. -<span class="samp">Multiples</span> is the menu entry name; it refers to the node named -<span class="samp">Buffers</span>. The line <span class="samp">Larger Units of Text</span> is a comment; it +‘<samp><span class="samp">Multiples</span></samp>’ is the menu entry name; it refers to the node named +‘<samp><span class="samp">Buffers</span></samp>’. The line ‘<samp><span class="samp">Larger Units of Text</span></samp>’ is a comment; it appears in the menu, but is not an entry. - <p>Since no file name is specified with either <span class="samp">Files</span> or -<span class="samp">Buffers</span>, they must be the names of nodes in the same Info file + <p>Since no file name is specified with either ‘<samp><span class="samp">Files</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">Buffers</span></samp>’, they must be the names of nodes in the same Info file (see <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Referring to Other Info Files</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Other-Info-Files"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a>, +<a name="Other-Info-Files"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Menus">Menus</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">7.6 Referring to Other Info Files</h3> -<p><a name="index-Referring-to-other-Info-files-355"></a><a name="index-Nodes-in-other-Info-files-356"></a><a name="index-Other-Info-files_0027-nodes-357"></a><a name="index-Going-to-other-Info-files_0027-nodes-358"></a><a name="index-Info_003b-other-files_0027-nodes-359"></a> +<p><a name="index-Referring-to-other-Info-files-358"></a><a name="index-Nodes-in-other-Info-files-359"></a><a name="index-Other-Info-files_0027-nodes-360"></a><a name="index-Going-to-other-Info-files_0027-nodes-361"></a><a name="index-Info_003b-other-files_0027-nodes-362"></a> You can create a menu entry that enables a reader in Info to go to a node in another Info file by writing the file name in parentheses just before the node name. In this case, you should use the three-part menu @@ -5774,8 +5856,8 @@ name. * <var>second-entry-name</var>:(<var>filename</var>)<var>second-node</var>. <var>description</var> @end menu </pre> - <p>For example, to refer directly to the <span class="samp">Outlining</span> and -<span class="samp">Rebinding</span> nodes in the <cite>Emacs Manual</cite>, you would write a + <p>For example, to refer directly to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Outlining</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">Rebinding</span></samp>’ nodes in the <cite>Emacs Manual</cite>, you would write a menu like this: <pre class="example"> @menu @@ -5788,7 +5870,7 @@ menu like this: <p>If you do not list the node name, but only name the file, then Info presumes that you are referring to the `Top' node. - <p>The <span class="file">dir</span> file that contains the main menu for Info has menu + <p>The <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file that contains the main menu for Info has menu entries that list only file names. These take you directly to the `Top' nodes of each Info document. (See <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>.) @@ -5798,7 +5880,7 @@ nodes of each Info document. (See <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing * Emacs: (emacs). The extensible, self-documenting text editor. </pre> - <p class="noindent">(The <span class="file">dir</span> top level directory for the Info system is an Info file, + <p class="noindent">(The <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> top level directory for the Info system is an Info file, not a Texinfo file, but a menu entry looks the same in both types of file.) @@ -5808,15 +5890,16 @@ refer to other files. You must write such menus by hand. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Cross-References"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a>, +<a name="Cross-References"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menus">Menus</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">8 Cross References</h2> -<p><a name="index-Making-cross-references-360"></a><a name="index-Cross-references-361"></a><a name="index-References-362"></a> +<p><a name="index-Making-cross-references-363"></a><a name="index-Cross-references-364"></a><a name="index-References-365"></a> <dfn>Cross references</dfn> are used to refer the reader to other parts of the same or different Texinfo files. In Texinfo, nodes and anchors are the places to which cross references can refer. @@ -5835,9 +5918,10 @@ places to which cross references can refer. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="References"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross-Reference-Commands">Cross Reference Commands</a>, +<a name="References"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross-Reference-Commands">Cross Reference Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.1 What References Are For</h3> @@ -5861,7 +5945,7 @@ unless it is to another manual altogether, in which case the cross reference names that manual. <p>In Info, a cross reference results in an entry that you can follow -using the Info <span class="samp">f</span> command. (see <a href="info.html#Help_002dXref">Following cross-references</a>.) +using the Info ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ command. (see <a href="info.html#Help_002dXref">Following cross-references</a>.) <p>The various cross reference commands use nodes (or anchors, see <a href="#anchor"><code>@anchor</code></a>) to define cross reference locations. @@ -5876,21 +5960,22 @@ references. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Cross-Reference-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a>, +<a name="Cross-Reference-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#References">References</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">8.2 Different Cross Reference Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Different-cross-reference-commands-363"></a> +<p><a name="index-Different-cross-reference-commands-366"></a> There are four different cross reference commands: <dl> <dt><code>@xref</code><dd>Used to start a sentence in the printed manual saying `See <small class="dots">...</small>'<!-- /@w --> -or an Info cross-reference saying <span class="samp">*Note </span><var>name</var><span class="samp">: </span><var>node</var><span class="samp">.</span>. +or an Info cross-reference saying ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Note </span><var>name</var><span class="samp">: </span><var>node</var><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’. <br><dt><code>@ref</code><dd>Used within or, more often, at the end of a sentence; same as <code>@xref</code> for Info; produces just the reference in the printed @@ -5898,7 +5983,7 @@ manual without a preceding `See'. <br><dt><code>@pxref</code><dd>Used within parentheses to make a reference that suits both an Info file and a printed book. Starts with a lower case `see' within the -printed manual. (<span class="samp">p</span> is for `parenthesis'.) +printed manual. (‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’ is for `parenthesis'.) <br><dt><code>@inforef</code><dd>Used to make a reference to an Info file for which there is no printed manual. @@ -5910,16 +5995,17 @@ no node to which to point. See <a href="#cite"><code>@cite</code></a>.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Cross-Reference-Parts"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#xref">xref</a>, +<a name="Cross-Reference-Parts"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#xref">xref</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cross-Reference-Commands">Cross Reference Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">8.3 Parts of a Cross Reference</h3> -<p><a name="index-Cross-reference-parts-364"></a><a name="index-Parts-of-a-cross-reference-365"></a> +<p><a name="index-Cross-reference-parts-367"></a><a name="index-Parts-of-a-cross-reference-368"></a> A cross reference command requires only one argument, which is the name of the node to which it refers. But a cross reference command may contain up to four additional arguments. By using these @@ -5968,16 +6054,19 @@ cross reference takes you. In a printed document, the location of the node provides the page reference only for references within the same document. - <li>The cross reference name for the Info reference, if it is to be different -from the node name. If you include this argument, it becomes -the first part of the cross reference. It is usually omitted. + <li>The cross reference name for the Info reference, if it is to be +different from the node name or the topic description. If you +include this argument, it becomes the first part of the cross reference. +It is usually omitted; then the topic description (third argument) is +used if it was specified; if that was omitted as well, the node name +is used. <li>A topic description or section name. Often, this is the title of the section. This is used as the name of the reference in the printed manual. If omitted, the node name is used. <li>The name of the Info file in which the reference is located, if it is -different from the current file. You need not include any <span class="samp">.info</span> +different from the current file. You need not include any ‘<samp><span class="samp">.info</span></samp>’ suffix on the file name, since Info readers try appending it automatically. @@ -6004,19 +6093,20 @@ write <code>@xref</code> at the beginning of a sentence; write <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="xref"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a>, +<a name="xref"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">8.4 <code>@xref</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-xref-366"></a><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-367"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-368"></a> +<p><a name="index-xref-369"></a><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-370"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-371"></a> The <code>@xref</code> command generates a cross reference for the beginning of a sentence. The Info formatting commands convert it into -an Info cross reference, which the Info <span class="samp">f</span> command can use to +an Info cross reference, which the Info ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ command can use to bring you directly to another node. The TeX typesetting commands convert it into a page reference, or a reference to another book or manual. @@ -6031,9 +6121,10 @@ manual. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Reference-Syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#One-Argument">One Argument</a>, +<a name="Reference-Syntax"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#One-Argument">One Argument</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#xref">xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">8.4.1 What a Reference Looks Like and Requires</h4> @@ -6089,10 +6180,11 @@ mistake them for separators. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="One-Argument"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Two-Arguments">Two Arguments</a>, +<a name="One-Argument"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Two-Arguments">Two Arguments</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Reference-Syntax">Reference Syntax</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#xref">xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">8.4.2 <code>@xref</code> with One Argument</h4> @@ -6138,10 +6230,11 @@ comma, and then by the clause, which is followed by a period.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Two-Arguments"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Three-Arguments">Three Arguments</a>, +<a name="Two-Arguments"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Three-Arguments">Three Arguments</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#One-Argument">One Argument</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#xref">xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">8.4.3 <code>@xref</code> with Two Arguments</h4> @@ -6189,10 +6282,11 @@ comma, and then by the clause, which is followed by a period.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Three-Arguments"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Four-and-Five-Arguments">Four and Five Arguments</a>, +<a name="Three-Arguments"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Four-and-Five-Arguments">Four and Five Arguments</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Two-Arguments">Two Arguments</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#xref">xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">8.4.4 <code>@xref</code> with Three Arguments</h4> @@ -6267,9 +6361,10 @@ are different. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Four-and-Five-Arguments"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Three-Arguments">Three Arguments</a>, +<a name="Four-and-Five-Arguments"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Three-Arguments">Three Arguments</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#xref">xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">8.4.5 <code>@xref</code> with Four and Five Arguments</h4> @@ -6354,15 +6449,16 @@ the fifth. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Top-Node-Naming"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ref">ref</a>, +<a name="Top-Node-Naming"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ref">ref</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#xref">xref</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.5 Naming a `Top' Node</h3> -<p><a name="index-Naming-a-_0060Top_0027-Node-in-references-369"></a><a name="index-_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bTop_007d_007d-node-naming-for-references-370"></a> +<p><a name="index-Naming-a-_0060Top_0027-Node-in-references-372"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bTop_007d_007d-node-naming-for-references-373"></a> In a cross reference, you must always name a node. This means that in order to refer to a whole manual, you must identify the `Top' node by writing it as the first argument to the <code>@xref</code> command. (This @@ -6386,37 +6482,39 @@ write: See section “Overview” in <i>The GNU Make Manual</i>. </blockquote> -<p class="noindent">In this example, <span class="samp">Top</span> is the name of the first node, and -<span class="samp">Overview</span> is the name of the first section of the manual. +<p class="noindent">In this example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ is the name of the first node, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">Overview</span></samp>’ is the name of the first section of the manual. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="ref"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pxref">pxref</a>, +<a name="ref"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pxref">pxref</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.6 <code>@ref</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-371"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-372"></a><a name="index-ref-373"></a> +<p><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-374"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-375"></a><a name="index-ref-376"></a> <code>@ref</code> is nearly the same as <code>@xref</code> except that it does not generate a `See' in the printed output, just the reference itself. This makes it useful as the last part of a sentence. <p class="noindent">For example, - <p><a name="index-Hurricanes-374"></a> -<pre class="example"> For more information, see @ref{Hurricanes}. + <p><a name="index-Hurricanes-377"></a> +<pre class="example"> For more information, @pxref{This}, and @ref{That}. </pre> - <p class="noindent">produces (in Info): + <p class="noindent">produces in Info: -<pre class="example"> For more information, see *Note Hurricanes::. +<pre class="example"> For more information, *note This::, and *note That::. </pre> - <p class="noindent">and (in printed output): + <p class="noindent">and in printed output: <blockquote> -For more information, see Section 8.2 [Hurricanes], page 123. +For more information, see Section 1.1 [This], page 1, +and Section 1.2 [That], page 2. </blockquote> <p>The <code>@ref</code> command sometimes tempts writers to express @@ -6424,7 +6522,7 @@ themselves in a manner that is suitable for a printed manual but looks awkward in the Info format. Bear in mind that your audience will be using both the printed and the Info format. For example: - <p><a name="index-Sea-surges-375"></a> + <p><a name="index-Sea-surges-378"></a> <pre class="example"> Sea surges are described in @ref{Hurricanes}. </pre> <p class="noindent">looks ok in the printed output: @@ -6433,70 +6531,63 @@ using both the printed and the Info format. For example: Sea surges are described in Section 6.7 [Hurricanes], page 72. </blockquote> -<p class="noindent">but is awkward to read in Info: +<p class="noindent">but is awkward to read in Info, “note” being a verb: -<pre class="example"> Sea surges are described in *Note Hurricanes::. +<pre class="example"> Sea surges are described in *note Hurricanes::. </pre> - <blockquote> -<b>Caution:</b> You should write a period or comma immediately after an <code>@ref</code> -command with two or more arguments. Otherwise, Info will generate a -(grammatically incorrect) period, just so the cross-reference doesn't -fail completely. -</blockquote> + <p>You should write a period or comma immediately after an <code>@ref</code> +command with two or more arguments. If there is no such following +punctuation, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> will generate a (grammatically +incorrect) period in the Info output; otherwise, the cross-reference +would fail completely, due to the current syntax of Info format. - <p>As a general rule, you should write a period or comma after every -<code>@ref</code> command. This works best in both the printed and the -Info output. + <p>In general, it is best to use <code>@ref</code> only when you need some +word other than “see” to precede the reference. When “see” (or +“See”) is ok, <code>@xref</code> and <code>@pxref</code> are preferable. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="pxref"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#inforef">inforef</a>, +<a name="pxref"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#inforef">inforef</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ref">ref</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.7 <code>@pxref</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-376"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-377"></a><a name="index-pxref-378"></a> +<p><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-379"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-380"></a><a name="index-pxref-381"></a> The parenthetical reference command, <code>@pxref</code>, is nearly the -same as <code>@xref</code>, but you use it <em>only</em> inside parentheses -and you do <em>not</em> type a comma or period after the command's -closing brace. The command differs from <code>@xref</code> in two -ways: +same as <code>@xref</code>, but it is best used at the end of a sentence or +before a closing parenthesis. The command differs from <code>@xref</code> +in two ways: <ol type=1 start=1> <li>TeX typesets the reference for the printed manual with a lower case `see' rather than an upper case `See'. <li>The Info formatting commands automatically end the reference with a -closing colon or period. +closing colon or period, if necessary. </ol> - <p>Because one type of formatting automatically inserts closing -punctuation and the other does not, you should use <code>@pxref</code> -<em>only</em> inside parentheses as part of another sentence. Also, you -yourself should not insert punctuation after the reference, as you do -with <code>@xref</code>. - <p><code>@pxref</code> is designed so that the output looks right and works -right between parentheses both in printed output and in an Info file. -In a printed manual, a closing comma or period should not follow a -cross reference within parentheses; such punctuation is wrong. But in -an Info file, suitable closing punctuation must follow the cross -reference so Info can recognize its end. <code>@pxref</code> spares you -the need to use complicated methods to put a terminator into one form -of the output and not the other. - -<p class="noindent">With one argument, a parenthetical cross reference looks like -this: - - <p><a name="index-Flooding-379"></a> +right at the end of a sentence or parenthetical phrase, both in +printed output and in an Info file. In a printed manual, a closing +comma or period should not follow a cross reference within +parentheses; such punctuation is wrong. But in an Info file, suitable +closing punctuation must follow the cross reference so Info can +recognize its end. <code>@pxref</code> spares you the need to use +complicated methods to put a terminator into one form of the output +and not the other. + +<p class="noindent">With one argument, a parenthetical cross reference looks like this: + + <p><a name="index-Flooding-382"></a> <pre class="example"> ... storms cause flooding (@pxref{Hurricanes}) ... </pre> <p class="noindent">which produces -<pre class="example"> ... storms cause flooding (*Note Hurricanes::) ... +<pre class="example"> ... storms cause flooding (*note Hurricanes::) ... </pre> <p class="noindent">and @@ -6504,14 +6595,13 @@ this: <small class="dots">...</small> storms cause flooding (see Section 6.7 [Hurricanes], page 72) <small class="dots">...</small> </blockquote> - <p>With two arguments, a parenthetical cross reference has this -template: + <p>With two arguments, a parenthetical cross reference has this template: <pre class="example"> ... (@pxref{<var>node-name</var>, <var>cross-reference-name</var>}) ... </pre> <p class="noindent">which produces -<pre class="example"> ... (*Note <var>cross-reference-name</var>: <var>node-name</var>.) ... +<pre class="example"> ... (*note <var>cross-reference-name</var>: <var>node-name</var>.) ... </pre> <p class="noindent">and @@ -6519,35 +6609,48 @@ template: <small class="dots">...</small> (see Section <var>nnn</var> [<var>node-name</var>], page <var>ppp</var>) <small class="dots">...</small> </blockquote> - <p><code>@pxref</code> can be used with up to five arguments just like + <p><code>@pxref</code> can be used with up to five arguments, just like <code>@xref</code> (see <a href="#xref"><code>@xref</code></a>). - <blockquote> -<b>Caution:</b> Use <code>@pxref</code> only as a parenthetical -reference. Do not try to use <code>@pxref</code> as a clause in a sentence. -It will look bad in either the Info file, the printed output, or -both. -</blockquote> + <p>In past versions of Texinfo, it was not allowed to write punctuation +after a <code>@pxref</code>, so it could be used <em>only</em> before a right +parenthesis. This is no longer the case, so now it can be used (for +example) at the end of a sentence, where a lowercase “see” works +best. For instance: - <p>Parenthetical cross references look best at the ends of sentences. -Although they technically work in the middle of a sentence, that -location breaks up the flow of reading. +<pre class="example"> ... For more information, @pxref{More}. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">which outputs (in Info): + +<pre class="example"> ... For more information, *note More::. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">This works fine. <code>@pxref</code> should only be followed by a comma, +period, or right parenthesis; in other cases, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> has +to insert a period to make the cross-reference work correctly in Info, +and that period looks wrong. + + <p>As a matter of general style, <code>@pxref</code> is best used at the ends +of sentences. Although it technically works in the middle of a +sentence, that location breaks up the flow of reading. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="inforef"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#uref">uref</a>, +<a name="inforef"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#uref">uref</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pxref">pxref</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.8 <code>@inforef</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-380"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-381"></a><a name="index-inforef-382"></a> -<code>@inforef</code> is used for cross references to Info files for which -there are no printed manuals. Even in a printed manual, -<code>@inforef</code> generates a reference directing the user to look in -an Info file. +<p><a name="index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-383"></a><a name="index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-384"></a><a name="index-inforef-385"></a> +<code>@inforef</code> is used for making cross references to Info +documents—even from a printed manual. This might be because you +want to refer to conditional <code>@ifinfo</code> text +(see <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>), or because printed output is not available +(perhaps because there is no Texinfo source), among other +possibilities. <p>The command takes either two or three arguments, in the following order: @@ -6562,56 +6665,46 @@ order: <p class="noindent">Separate the arguments with commas, as with <code>@xref</code>. Also, you must terminate the reference with a comma or period after the -<span class="samp">}</span>, as you do with <code>@xref</code>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’, as you do with <code>@xref</code>. <p class="noindent">The template is: <pre class="example"> @inforef{<var>node-name</var>, <var>cross-reference-name</var>, <var>info-file-name</var>}, </pre> - <p class="noindent">Thus, + <p class="noindent">For example, <pre class="example"> @inforef{Advanced, Advanced Info commands, info}, for more information. </pre> - <p class="noindent">produces + <p class="noindent">produces (in Info): <pre class="example"> *Note Advanced Info commands: (info)Advanced, for more information. </pre> - <p class="noindent">and + <p class="noindent">and (in the printed output): <blockquote> -See Info file <span class="file">info</span>, node <span class="samp">Advanced</span>, for more information. +See Info file <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp>, node ‘<samp><span class="samp">Advanced</span></samp>’, for more information. </blockquote> -<p class="noindent">Similarly, - -<pre class="example"> @inforef{Advanced, , info}, for more information. -</pre> - <p class="noindent">produces - -<pre class="example"> *Note (info)Advanced::, for more information. -</pre> - <p class="noindent">and - - <blockquote> -See Info file <span class="file">info</span>, node <span class="samp">Advanced</span>, for more information. -</blockquote> + <p>(This particular example is not realistic, since the Info manual is +written in Texinfo, so all formats are available.) <p>The converse of <code>@inforef</code> is <code>@cite</code>, which is used to refer to printed works for which no Info form exists. See <a href="#cite"><code>@cite</code></a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="uref"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#inforef">inforef</a>, +<a name="uref"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#inforef">inforef</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">8.9 <code>@url</code>, <code>@uref{</code><var>url</var><code>[, </code><var>text</var><code>][, </code><var>replacement</var><code>]}</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-uref-383"></a><a name="index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-referring-to-384"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-referring-to-385"></a> -<a name="index-_0040code_007bhref_007d_002c-producing-HTML-386"></a><code>@uref</code> produces a reference to a uniform resource locator (url). +<p><a name="index-uref-386"></a><a name="index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-referring-to-387"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-referring-to-388"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhref_007d_002c-producing-HTML-389"></a><code>@uref</code> produces a reference to a uniform resource locator (url). It takes one mandatory argument, the url, and two optional arguments which control the text that is displayed. In HTML output, <code>@uref</code> produces a link you can follow. @@ -6620,20 +6713,20 @@ produces a link you can follow. had the meaning of <code>@indicateurl</code> (see <a href="#indicateurl"><code>@indicateurl</code></a>), but in actual practice it was misused the vast majority of the time. So we've changed the -definitions. +meaning. <p>The second argument, if specified, is the text to display (the default is the url itself); in Info and DVI output, but not in HTML output, the url is also output. - <p><a name="index-Man-page_002c-reference-to-387"></a>The third argument, if specified, is the text to display, but in this + <p><a name="index-Man-page_002c-reference-to-390"></a>The third argument, if specified, is the text to display, but in this case the url is <em>not</em> output in any format. This is useful when the text is already sufficiently referential, as in a man page. If the third argument is given, the second argument is ignored. <p>If the url is long enough to cause problems with line breaking, you may find it useful to insert <code>@/</code> at places where a line break -would be acceptable (after <span class="samp">/</span> characters, for instance). This +would be acceptable (after ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ characters, for instance). This tells TeX to allow (but not force) a line break at those places. See <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>. @@ -6662,13 +6755,13 @@ both the target and the text of the link: holds programs and texts. </pre> <p>An example of the three-argument form: -<pre class="example"> The @uref{/man.cgi/1/ls,,ls(1)} program ... +<pre class="example"> The @uref{/man.cgi/1/ls,,ls} program ... </pre> <p class="noindent">produces: -<pre class="display"> The <a href="/man.cgi/1/ls">ls(1)</a> program <small class="dots">...</small> +<pre class="display"> The <a href="/man.cgi/1/ls">ls</a> program <small class="dots">...</small> </pre> <p class="noindent">but with HTML: -<pre class="example"> The <a href="/man.cgi/1/ls">ls(1)</a> program ... +<pre class="example"> The <a href="/man.cgi/1/ls">ls</a> program ... </pre> <p>To merely indicate a url without creating a link people can follow, use <code>@indicateurl</code> (see <a href="#indicateurl"><code>@indicateurl</code></a>). @@ -6677,22 +6770,23 @@ both the target and the text of the link: <pre class="display"> <URL:http://<var>host</var>/<var>path</var>> </pre> - <p class="noindent"><a name="index-_003cURL_003a-convention_002c-not-used-388"></a>You can use this form in the input file if you wish. We feel it's not -necessary to include the <span class="samp"><URL:</span> and <span class="samp">></span> in the output, + <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_003cURL_003a-convention_002c-not-used-391"></a>You can use this form in the input file if you wish. We feel it's not +necessary to include the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><URL:</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>’ in the output, since any software that tries to detect url's in text already has to -detect them without the <span class="samp"><URL:</span> to be useful. +detect them without the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><URL:</span></samp>’ to be useful. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Marking-Text"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a>, +<a name="Marking-Text"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">9 Marking Words and Phrases</h2> -<p><a name="index-Paragraph_002c-marking-text-within-389"></a><a name="index-Marking-words-and-phrases-390"></a><a name="index-Words-and-phrases_002c-marking-them-391"></a><a name="index-Marking-text-within-a-paragraph-392"></a><a name="index-Text_002c-marking-up-393"></a> +<p><a name="index-Paragraph_002c-marking-text-within-392"></a><a name="index-Marking-words-and-phrases-393"></a><a name="index-Words-and-phrases_002c-marking-them-394"></a><a name="index-Marking-text-within-a-paragraph-395"></a><a name="index-Text_002c-marking-up-396"></a> In Texinfo, you can mark words and phrases in a variety of ways. The Texinfo formatters use this information to determine how to highlight the text. @@ -6707,14 +6801,15 @@ program. Also, you can emphasize text, in several different ways. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Indicating"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a>, +<a name="Indicating"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">9.1 Indicating Definitions, Commands, etc.</h3> -<p><a name="index-Highlighting-text-394"></a><a name="index-Indicating-commands_002c-definitions_002c-etc_002e-395"></a> +<p><a name="index-Highlighting-text-397"></a><a name="index-Indicating-commands_002c-definitions_002c-etc_002e-398"></a> Texinfo has commands for indicating just what kind of object a piece of text refers to. For example, metasyntactic variables are marked by <code>@var</code>, and code by <code>@code</code>. Since the pieces of text are @@ -6738,25 +6833,27 @@ not something else that should not be changed. <li><a accesskey="2" href="#code">code</a>: Indicating program code. <li><a accesskey="3" href="#kbd">kbd</a>: Showing keyboard input. <li><a accesskey="4" href="#key">key</a>: Specifying keys. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#samp">samp</a>: A literal sequence of characters. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#verb">verb</a>: A verbatim sequence of characters. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#samp">samp</a>: Indicating a literal sequence of characters. +<li><a accesskey="6" href="#verb">verb</a>: Indicating a verbatim sequence of characters. <li><a accesskey="7" href="#var">var</a>: Indicating metasyntactic variables. <li><a accesskey="8" href="#env">env</a>: Indicating environment variables. <li><a accesskey="9" href="#file">file</a>: Indicating file names. <li><a href="#command">command</a>: Indicating command names. <li><a href="#option">option</a>: Indicating option names. <li><a href="#dfn">dfn</a>: Specifying definitions. -<li><a href="#cite">cite</a>: Referring to books not in the Info system. +<li><a href="#cite">cite</a>: Referring to books not in the Info system. +<li><a href="#abbr">abbr</a>: Indicating abbreviations. <li><a href="#acronym">acronym</a>: Indicating acronyms. -<li><a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>: Indicating a World Wide Web reference. +<li><a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>: Indicating an example URL. <li><a href="#email">email</a>: Indicating an electronic mail address. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Useful-Highlighting"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#code">code</a>, +<a name="Useful-Highlighting"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#code">code</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.1 Highlighting Commands are Useful</h4> @@ -6772,61 +6869,82 @@ entries. <p>The commands serve a variety of purposes: <dl> -<dt><code>@code{</code><var>sample-code</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate text that is a literal example of a piece of a program. +<dt><code>@code{</code><var>sample-code</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate text that is a literal example of a piece of a program. +See <a href="#code"><code>@code</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@kbd{</code><var>keyboard-characters</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate keyboard input. + <br><dt><code>@kbd{</code><var>keyboard-characters</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate keyboard input. +See <a href="#kbd"><code>@kbd</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@key{</code><var>key-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the conventional name for a key on a keyboard. + <br><dt><code>@key{</code><var>key-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the conventional name for a key on a keyboard. +See <a href="#key"><code>@key</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@samp{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate text that is a literal example of a sequence of characters. + <br><dt><code>@samp{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate text that is a literal example of a sequence of characters. +See <a href="#samp"><code>@samp</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@var{</code><var>metasyntactic-variable</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a metasyntactic variable. + <br><dt><code>@verb{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Write a verbatim sequence of characters. +See <a href="#verb"><code>@verb</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@env{</code><var>environment-variable</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an environment variable. + <br><dt><code>@var{</code><var>metasyntactic-variable</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a metasyntactic variable. +See <a href="#var"><code>@var</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@file{</code><var>file-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the name of a file. + <br><dt><code>@env{</code><var>environment-variable</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an environment variable. +See <a href="#env"><code>@env</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@command{</code><var>command-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the name of a command. + <br><dt><code>@file{</code><var>file-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the name of a file. +See <a href="#file"><code>@file</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@option{</code><var>option</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a command-line option. + <br><dt><code>@command{</code><var>command-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the name of a command. +See <a href="#command"><code>@command</code></a>. + + <br><dt><code>@option{</code><var>option</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a command-line option. +See <a href="#option"><code>@option</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@dfn{</code><var>term</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the introductory or defining use of a term. + <br><dt><code>@dfn{</code><var>term</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the introductory or defining use of a term. +See <a href="#dfn"><code>@dfn</code></a>. + + <br><dt><code>@cite{</code><var>reference</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the name of a book. +See <a href="#cite"><code>@cite</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@cite{</code><var>reference</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate the name of a book. + <br><dt><code>@abbr{</code><var>abbreviation</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an abbreviation. - <br><dt><code>@acronym{</code><var>acronym</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an acronym. + <br><dt><code>@acronym{</code><var>acronym</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an acronym. +See <a href="#acronym"><code>@acronym</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@indicateurl{</code><var>uniform-resource-locator</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a uniform resource locator for the World Wide Web. + <br><dt><code>@indicateurl{</code><var>uniform-resource-locator</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an example (that is, nonfunctional) uniform resource locator. +See <a href="#indicateurl"><code>@indicateurl</code></a>. (Use <code>@url</code> +(see <a href="#uref"><code>@url</code></a>) for live url's.) - <br><dt><code>@email{</code><var>email-address</var><code>[, </code><var>displayed-text</var><code>]}</code><dd>Indicate an electronic mail address. + <br><dt><code>@email{</code><var>email-address</var><code>[, </code><var>displayed-text</var><code>]}</code><dd>Indicate an electronic mail address. +See <a href="#email"><code>@email</code></a>. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="code"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#kbd">kbd</a>, +<a name="code"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#kbd">kbd</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Useful-Highlighting">Useful Highlighting</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.2 <code>@code</code>{<var>sample-code</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-code-396"></a> -<a name="index-Syntactic-tokens_002c-indicating-397"></a>Use the <code>@code</code> command to indicate text that is a piece of a +<p><a name="index-code-399"></a> +<a name="index-Syntactic-tokens_002c-indicating-400"></a>Use the <code>@code</code> command to indicate text that is a piece of a program and which consists of entire syntactic tokens. Enclose the text in braces. - <p><a name="index-Expressions-in-a-program_002c-indicating-398"></a><a name="index-Keywords_002c-indicating-399"></a><a name="index-Reserved-words_002c-indicating-400"></a>Thus, you should use <code>@code</code> for an expression in a program, for + <p><a name="index-Expressions-in-a-program_002c-indicating-401"></a><a name="index-Keywords_002c-indicating-402"></a><a name="index-Reserved-words_002c-indicating-403"></a>Thus, you should use <code>@code</code> for an expression in a program, for the name of a variable or function used in a program, or for a keyword in a programming language. <p>Use <code>@code</code> for command names in languages that resemble programming languages, such as Texinfo. For example, <code>@code</code> and -<code>@samp</code> are produced by writing <span class="samp">@code{@@code}</span> and -<span class="samp">@code{@@samp}</span> in the Texinfo source, respectively. +<code>@samp</code> are produced by writing ‘<samp><span class="samp">@code{@@code}</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@code{@@samp}</span></samp>’ in the Texinfo source, respectively. - <p><a name="index-Case_002c-not-altering-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-401"></a>It is incorrect to alter the case of a word inside an <code>@code</code> + <p><a name="index-Case_002c-not-altering-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-404"></a>It is incorrect to alter the case of a word inside an <code>@code</code> command when it appears at the beginning of a sentence. Most computer languages are case sensitive. In C, for example, <code>Printf</code> is different from the identifier <code>printf</code>, and most likely is a @@ -6838,34 +6956,33 @@ should rearrange the sentence. <p>In the printed manual, <code>@code</code> causes TeX to typeset the argument in a typewriter face. In the Info file, it causes the Info -formatting commands to use single quotation marks around the text. - - <p>For example, +formatting commands to use single quotation marks around the text. +For example, <pre class="example"> The function returns @code{nil}. </pre> - <p class="noindent">produces this in the printed manual: + <p class="noindent">produces this: <blockquote> The function returns <code>nil</code>. </blockquote> - <p>Here are some cases for which it is preferable not to use <code>@code</code>: + <p>Here are some cases for which it is preferable <em>not</em> to use <code>@code</code>: <ul> -<li>For shell command names such as <span class="command">ls</span> (use <code>@command</code>). +<li>For shell command names such as <samp><span class="command">ls</span></samp> (use <code>@command</code>). - <li>For shell options such as <span class="samp">-c</span> when such options stand alone (use + <li>For shell options such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>’ when such options stand alone (use <code>@option</code>). <li>Also, an entire shell command often looks better if written using <code>@samp</code> rather than <code>@code</code>. In this case, the rule is to choose the more pleasing format. - <li>For environment variable such as <span class="env">TEXINPUTS</span> (use <code>@env</code>). + <li>For environment variable such as <samp><span class="env">TEXINPUTS</span></samp> (use <code>@env</code>). <li>For a string of characters shorter than a syntactic token. For example, -if you are writing about <span class="samp">goto-ch</span>, which is just a part of the +if you are writing about ‘<samp><span class="samp">goto-ch</span></samp>’, which is just a part of the name for the <code>goto-char</code> Emacs Lisp function, you should use <code>@samp</code>. @@ -6888,17 +7005,23 @@ The new commands allow you to express the markup more precisely, but there is no real harm in using the older commands, and of course the long-standing manuals do so. + <p>Ordinarily, TeX will consider breaking lines at ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ characters within <code>@code</code> and related commands. This +can be controlled with <code>@allowcodebreaks</code> +(see <a href="#allowcodebreaks"><code>@allowcodebreaks</code></a>). + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="kbd"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#key">key</a>, +<a name="kbd"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#key">key</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#code">code</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.3 <code>@kbd</code>{<var>keyboard-characters</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-kbd-402"></a><a name="index-Keyboard-input-403"></a> +<p><a name="index-kbd-405"></a><a name="index-Keyboard-input-406"></a> Use the <code>@kbd</code> command for characters of input to be typed by users. For example, to refer to the characters <kbd>M-a</kbd>, write: @@ -6908,7 +7031,7 @@ users. For example, to refer to the characters <kbd>M-a</kbd>, write: <pre class="example"> @kbd{M-x shell} </pre> - <p><a name="index-User-input-404"></a><a name="index-Slanted-typewriter-font_002c-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbd_007d-405"></a>By default, the <code>@kbd</code> command produces a different font + <p><a name="index-User-input-407"></a><a name="index-Slanted-typewriter-font_002c-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbd_007d-408"></a>By default, the <code>@kbd</code> command produces a different font (slanted typewriter instead of normal typewriter) in the printed manual, so users can distinguish the characters that they are supposed to type from those that the computer outputs. @@ -6919,23 +7042,23 @@ contexts such as the <code>@example</code> environment (see <a href="#example">e and <code>@code</code> command itself, the quotes are omitted, since Info format cannot use distinguishing fonts. - <p><a name="index-kbdinputstyle-406"></a>Since the usage of <code>@kbd</code> varies from manual to manual, you can + <p><a name="index-kbdinputstyle-409"></a>Since the usage of <code>@kbd</code> varies from manual to manual, you can control the font switching with the <code>@kbdinputstyle</code> command. This command has no effect on Info output. Write this command at the beginning of a line with a single word as an argument, one of the following: - <p><a name="index-distinct_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-407"></a><a name="index-example_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-408"></a><a name="index-code_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-409"></a> + <p><a name="index-distinct_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-410"></a><a name="index-example_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-411"></a><a name="index-code_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-412"></a> <dl> -<dt><span class="samp">code</span><dd>Always use the same font for <code>@kbd</code> as <code>@code</code>. -<br><dt><span class="samp">example</span><dd>Use the distinguishing font for <code>@kbd</code> only in <code>@example</code> +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">code</span></samp>’<dd>Always use the same font for <code>@kbd</code> as <code>@code</code>. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">example</span></samp>’<dd>Use the distinguishing font for <code>@kbd</code> only in <code>@example</code> and similar environments. -<br><dt><span class="samp">distinct</span><dd>(the default) Always use the distinguishing font for <code>@kbd</code>. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">distinct</span></samp>’<dd>(the default) Always use the distinguishing font for <code>@kbd</code>. </dl> <p>You can embed another @-command inside the braces of an <code>@kbd</code> command. Here, for example, is the way to describe a command that -would be described more verbosely as “press the <span class="samp">r</span> key and then +would be described more verbosely as “press the ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ key and then press the <RETURN> key”: <pre class="example"> @kbd{r @key{RET}} @@ -6962,16 +7085,16 @@ input, write <kbd>@key{SPC}</kbd> for it.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="key"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#samp">samp</a>, +<a name="key"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#samp">samp</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#kbd">kbd</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.4 <code>@key</code>{<var>key-name</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-key-410"></a> +<p><a name="index-key-413"></a> Use the <code>@key</code> command for the conventional name for a key on a keyboard, as in: @@ -6981,53 +7104,53 @@ keyboard, as in: <code>@kbd</code> command when the sequence of characters to be typed includes one or more keys that are described by name. - <p>For example, to produce <kbd>C-x <ESC></kbd> you would type: + <p>For example, to produce <kbd>C-x <ESC></kbd> and <kbd>M-<TAB></kbd> you +would type: <pre class="example"> @kbd{C-x @key{ESC}} + @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} </pre> <p>Here is a list of the recommended names for keys: -<a name="index-Recommended-names-for-keys-411"></a><a name="index-Keys_002c-recommended-names-412"></a><a name="index-Names-recommended-for-keys-413"></a><a name="index-Abbreviations-for-keys-414"></a> +<a name="index-Recommended-names-for-keys-414"></a><a name="index-Keys_002c-recommended-names-415"></a><a name="index-Names-recommended-for-keys-416"></a><a name="index-Abbreviations-for-keys-417"></a> <blockquote> - <dl> + <dl> <dt><tt>SPC</tt><dd>Space <br><dt><tt>RET</tt><dd>Return <br><dt><tt>LFD</tt><dd>Linefeed (however, since most keyboards nowadays do not have a Linefeed key, -it might be better to call this character <kbd>C-j</kbd>. +it might be better to call this character <kbd>C-j</kbd>) <br><dt><tt>TAB</tt><dd>Tab <br><dt><tt>BS</tt><dd>Backspace <br><dt><tt>ESC</tt><dd>Escape -<br><dt><tt>DEL</tt><dd>Delete +<br><dt><tt>DELETE</tt><dd>Delete <br><dt><tt>SHIFT</tt><dd>Shift <br><dt><tt>CTRL</tt><dd>Control <br><dt><tt>META</tt><dd>Meta </dl> - </blockquote> +</blockquote> - <p><a name="index-META-key-415"></a>There are subtleties to handling words like `meta' or `ctrl' that are + <p><a name="index-META-key-418"></a>There are subtleties to handling words like `meta' or `ctrl' that are names of modifier keys. When mentioning a character in which the modifier key is used, such as <kbd>Meta-a</kbd>, use the <code>@kbd</code> command alone; do not use the <code>@key</code> command; but when you are referring to the modifier key in isolation, use the <code>@key</code> command. For -example, write <span class="samp">@kbd{Meta-a}</span> to produce <kbd>Meta-a</kbd> and -<span class="samp">@key{META}</span> to produce <META>. +example, write ‘<samp><span class="samp">@kbd{Meta-a}</span></samp>’ to produce <kbd>Meta-a</kbd> and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@key{META}</span></samp>’ to produce <META>. + + <p>As a convention in GNU manuals, <code>@key</code> should not be used in +index entries. -<!-- I don't think this is a good explanation. --> -<!-- I think it will puzzle readers more than it clarifies matters. - rms. --> -<!-- In other words, use @code{@@kbd} for what you do, and use @code{@@key} --> -<!-- for what you talk about: ``Press @code{@@kbd@{M-a@}} to move point to --> -<!-- the beginning of the sentence. The @code{@@key@{META@}} key is often in --> -<!-- the lower left of the keyboard.''@refill --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="samp"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#verb">verb</a>, +<a name="samp"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#verb">verb</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#key">key</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.5 <code>@samp</code>{<var>text</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-samp-416"></a> +<p><a name="index-samp-419"></a> Use the <code>@samp</code> command to indicate text that is a literal example or `sample' of a sequence of characters in a file, string, pattern, etc. Enclose the text in braces. The argument appears within single @@ -7040,8 +7163,8 @@ addition, it is printed in a fixed-width font. <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -To match <span class="samp">foo</span> at the end of the line, use the regexp -<span class="samp">foo$</span>. +To match ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ at the end of the line, use the regexp +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo$</span></samp>’. </blockquote> <p>Any time you are referring to single characters, you should use @@ -7064,23 +7187,24 @@ period are outside of the braces: <p class="noindent">This produces: <blockquote> -In English, the vowels are <span class="samp">a</span>, <span class="samp">e</span>, -<span class="samp">i</span>, <span class="samp">o</span>, <span class="samp">u</span>, and sometimes -<span class="samp">y</span>. +In English, the vowels are ‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">u</span></samp>’, and sometimes +‘<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>’. </blockquote> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="verb"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#var">var</a>, +<a name="verb"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#var">var</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#samp">samp</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.6 <code>@verb</code>{<char><var>text</var><char>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-verb-417"></a><a name="index-Verbatim-in_002dline-text-418"></a> -<a name="index-Delimiter-character_002c-for-verbatim-419"></a>Use the <code>@verb</code> command to print a verbatim sequence of +<p><a name="index-verb-420"></a><a name="index-Verbatim-in_002dline-text-421"></a> +<a name="index-Delimiter-character_002c-for-verbatim-422"></a>Use the <code>@verb</code> command to print a verbatim sequence of characters. <p>Like LaTeX's <code>\verb</code> command, the verbatim text can be quoted using @@ -7101,19 +7225,23 @@ normal Texinfo text, where the three characters <code>@{}</code> are special. With <code>@verb</code>, nothing is special except the delimiter character you choose. - <p>It is not reliable to use <code>@verb</code> inside other Texinfo constructs. + <p>It is not reliable to use <code>@verb</code> inside other Texinfo +constructs. In particular, it does not work to use <code>@verb</code> in +anything related to cross-referencing, such as section titles or +figure captions. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="var"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#env">env</a>, +<a name="var"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#env">env</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#verb">verb</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.7 <code>@var</code>{<var>metasyntactic-variable</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-var-420"></a> +<p><a name="index-var-423"></a> Use the <code>@var</code> command to indicate metasyntactic variables. A <dfn>metasyntactic variable</dfn> is something that stands for another piece of text. For example, you should use a metasyntactic variable in the @@ -7141,7 +7269,7 @@ argument is printed in slanted type. <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -To delete file <var>filename</var>, type <span class="samp">rm </span><var>filename</var>. +To delete file <var>filename</var>, type ‘<samp><span class="samp">rm </span><var>filename</var></samp>’. </blockquote> <p class="noindent">(Note that <code>@var</code> may appear inside <code>@code</code>, @@ -7168,20 +7296,21 @@ angle brackets, for example: <pre class="example"> ..., type rm <filename> </pre> <p class="noindent">However, that is not the style that Texinfo uses. (You can, of -course, modify the sources to <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> and the Info formatting commands +course, modify the sources to <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> and the Info formatting commands to output the <code><...></code> format if you wish.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="env"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#file">file</a>, +<a name="env"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#file">file</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#var">var</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.8 <code>@env</code>{<var>environment-variable</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-env-421"></a> +<p><a name="index-env-424"></a> Use the <code>@env</code> command to indicate environment variables, as used by many operating systems, including GNU. Do not use it for metasyntactic variables; use <code>@var</code> instead (see the previous @@ -7194,20 +7323,21 @@ For example: </pre> <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -The <span class="env">PATH</span> environment variable <small class="dots">...</small> +The <samp><span class="env">PATH</span></samp> environment variable <small class="dots">...</small> </blockquote> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="file"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#command">command</a>, +<a name="file"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#command">command</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#env">env</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.9 <code>@file</code>{<var>file-name</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-file-422"></a> +<p><a name="index-file-425"></a> Use the <code>@file</code> command to indicate text that is the name of a file, buffer, or directory, or is the name of a node in Info. You can also use the command for file name suffixes. Do not use <code>@file</code> @@ -7222,23 +7352,24 @@ For example, <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -The <span class="file">.el</span> files are in -the <span class="file">/usr/local/emacs/lisp</span> directory. +The <samp><span class="file">.el</span></samp> files are in +the <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/emacs/lisp</span></samp> directory. </blockquote> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="command"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#option">option</a>, +<a name="command"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#option">option</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#file">file</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.10 <code>@command</code>{<var>command-name</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-command-423"></a><a name="index-Command-names_002c-indicating-424"></a><a name="index-Program-names_002c-indicating-425"></a> +<p><a name="index-command-426"></a><a name="index-Command-names_002c-indicating-427"></a><a name="index-Program-names_002c-indicating-428"></a> Use the <code>@command</code> command to indicate command names, such as -<span class="command">ls</span> or <span class="command">cc</span>. +<samp><span class="command">ls</span></samp> or <samp><span class="command">cc</span></samp>. <p><code>@command</code> is equivalent to <code>@code</code> in its effects. For example: @@ -7247,30 +7378,31 @@ For example: </pre> <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -The command <span class="command">ls</span> lists directory contents. +The command <samp><span class="command">ls</span></samp> lists directory contents. </blockquote> <p>You should write the name of a program in the ordinary text font, rather than using <code>@command</code>, if you regard it as a new English word, such as `Emacs' or `Bison'. - <p>When writing an entire shell command invocation, as in <span class="samp">ls -l</span>, + <p>When writing an entire shell command invocation, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">ls -l</span></samp>’, you should use either <code>@samp</code> or <code>@code</code> at your discretion. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="option"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dfn">dfn</a>, +<a name="option"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dfn">dfn</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#command">command</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.11 <code>@option</code>{<var>option-name</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-option-426"></a> +<p><a name="index-option-429"></a> Use the <code>@option</code> command to indicate a command-line option; for -example, <span class="option">-l</span> or <span class="option">--version</span> or -<span class="option">--output=</span><var>filename</var>. +example, <samp><span class="option">-l</span></samp> or <samp><span class="option">--version</span></samp> or +<samp><span class="option">--output=</span><var>filename</var></samp>. <p><code>@option</code> is equivalent to <code>@samp</code> in its effects. For example: @@ -7279,7 +7411,7 @@ For example: </pre> <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -The option <span class="option">-l</span> produces a long listing. +The option <samp><span class="option">-l</span></samp> produces a long listing. </blockquote> <p>In tables, putting options inside <code>@code</code> produces a @@ -7287,16 +7419,17 @@ more pleasing effect. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="dfn"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#cite">cite</a>, +<a name="dfn"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#cite">cite</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#option">option</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.12 <code>@dfn</code>{<var>term</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-dfn-427"></a> +<p><a name="index-dfn-430"></a> Use the <code>@dfn</code> command to identify the introductory or defining use of a technical term. Use the command only in passages whose purpose is to introduce a term which will be used again or which the @@ -7320,15 +7453,16 @@ information of a definition—it should make the meaning clear. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="cite"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#acronym">acronym</a>, +<a name="cite"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#abbr">abbr</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dfn">dfn</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.1.13 <code>@cite</code>{<var>reference</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-cite-428"></a> +<p><a name="index-cite-431"></a> Use the <code>@cite</code> command for the name of a book that lacks a companion Info file. The command produces italics in the printed manual, and quotation marks in the Info file. @@ -7339,32 +7473,79 @@ See <a href="#xref"><code>@xref</code></a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="acronym"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>, +<a name="abbr"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#acronym">acronym</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#cite">cite</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">9.1.14 <code>@acronym</code>{<var>acronym</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">9.1.14 <code>@abbr</code>{<var>abbreviation</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</h4> -<p><a name="index-acronym-429"></a> -<a name="index-NASA_002c-as-acronym-430"></a><a name="index-F_002eB_002eI_002e_002c-as-acronym-431"></a><a name="index-Abbreviations_002c-tagging-432"></a><a name="index-Acronyms_002c-tagging-433"></a>Use the <code>@acronym</code> command for abbreviations written in all -capital letters, such as `<acronym>NASA</acronym>'. The abbreviation is given as -the single argument in braces, as in <span class="samp">@acronym{NASA}</span>. As -a matter of style, or for particular abbreviations, you may prefer to -use periods, as in <span class="samp">@acronym{F.B.I.}</span>. +<p><a name="index-abbr-432"></a> +<a name="index-Abbreviations_002c-tagging-433"></a>You can use the <code>@abbr</code> command for general abbreviations. The +abbreviation is given as the single argument in braces, as in +‘<samp><span class="samp">@abbr{Comput.}</span></samp>’. As a matter of style, or for particular +abbreviations, you may prefer to omit periods, as in +‘<samp><span class="samp">@abbr{Mr} Stallman</span></samp>’. + + <p><code>@abbr</code> accepts an optional second argument, intended to be used +for the meaning of the abbreviation. + + <p>If the abbreviation ends with a lowercase letter and a period, and is +not at the end of a sentence, and has no second argument, remember to +use the <code>@.</code> command (see <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>) to get the correct spacing. However, you do not have to +use <code>@.</code> within the abbreviation itself; Texinfo automatically +assumes periods within the abbreviation do not end a sentence. - <p>If the acronym is at the end of a sentence, remember to use the -special <code>@.</code> and similar commands (see <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>). + <p><a name="index-g_t_003cabbr_003e-tag-434"></a>In TeX and in the Info output, the first argument is printed as-is; +if the second argument is present, it is printed in parentheses after +the abbreviation. In HTML and XML, the <code><abbr></code> tag is +used; in Docbook, the <code><abbrev></code> tag is used. For instance: - <p><a name="index-_003cacronym_003e-tag-434"></a>In TeX, the acronym is printed in slightly smaller font. In the -Info output, the argument is printed as-is. In HTML, Docbook, and -XML, the <code><acronym></code> tag is used. +<pre class="example"> @abbr{Comput. J., Computer Journal} +</pre> + <p class="noindent">produces: + +<pre class="display"> <abbr title="Computer Journal">Comput. J.</abbr> (Computer Journal) +</pre> + <p>For abbreviations consisting of all capital letters, you may prefer to +use the <code>@acronym</code> command instead. See the next section for +more on the usage of these two commands. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="acronym"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#abbr">abbr</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> + +</div> + +<h4 class="subsection">9.1.15 <code>@acronym</code>{<var>acronym</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</h4> + +<p><a name="index-acronym-435"></a> +<a name="index-NASA_002c-as-acronym-436"></a><a name="index-Acronyms_002c-tagging-437"></a>Use the <code>@acronym</code> command for abbreviations written in all +capital letters, such as `<acronym>NASA</acronym>'. The abbreviation is given as +the single argument in braces, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">@acronym{NASA}</span></samp>’. As +a matter of style, or for particular acronyms, you may prefer to +use periods, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">@acronym{N.A.S.A.}</span></samp>’. <p><code>@acronym</code> accepts an optional second argument, intended to be -used for the meaning of the acronym. If present, it is printed in -parentheses after the acronym. For instance (since GNU is a recursive -acronym, we use <code>@acronym</code> recursively): +used for the meaning of the acronym. + + <p>If the acronym is at the end of a sentence, and if there is no second +argument, remember to use the <code>@.</code> or similar command +(see <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>) to get the correct spacing. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_003cacronym_003e-tag-438"></a>In TeX, the acronym is printed in slightly smaller font. In the +Info output, the argument is printed as-is. In either format, if the +second argument is present, it is printed in parentheses after the +acronym. In HTML, Docbook, and XML, the <code><acronym></code> tag is +used. + + <p>For instance (since GNU is a recursive acronym, we use +<code>@acronym</code> recursively): <pre class="example"> @acronym{GNU, @acronym{GNU}'s Not Unix} </pre> @@ -7376,17 +7557,44 @@ acronym, we use <code>@acronym</code> recursively): capitals. Don't use <code>@acronym</code> for this, since a name is not an acronym. Use <code>@sc</code> instead (see <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>). + <p><code>@abbr</code> and <code>@acronym</code> are closely related commands: they +both signal to the reader that a shortened form is being used, and +possibly give a meaning. When choosing whether to use these two +commands, please bear the following in mind. + + <ul> +<li>In standard English usage, acronyms are a subset of abbreviations: +they include pronounceable words like `<acronym>NATO</acronym>', `radar', and +`snafu', and some sources also include syllable acronyms like +`Usenet', hybrids like `<acronym>SIGGRAPH</acronym>', and unpronounceable +initialisms like `<acronym>FBI</acronym>'. + + <li>In Texinfo, an acronym (but not an abbreviation) should consist only +of capital letters and periods, no lowercase. + + <li>In TeX, an acronym (but not an abbreviation) is printed in a +slightly smaller font. + + <li>Some browsers place a dotted bottom border under abbreviations but not +acronyms. + + <li>It's not essential to use these commands for all abbreviations. Text +is perfectly readable without them. + + </ul> + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="indicateurl"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#email">email</a>, +<a name="indicateurl"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#email">email</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#acronym">acronym</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">9.1.15 <code>@indicateurl</code>{<var>uniform-resource-locator</var>}</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">9.1.16 <code>@indicateurl</code>{<var>uniform-resource-locator</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-indicateurl-435"></a><a name="index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-indicating-436"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-indicating-437"></a> +<p><a name="index-indicateurl-439"></a><a name="index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-indicating-440"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-indicating-441"></a> Use the <code>@indicateurl</code> command to indicate a uniform resource locator on the World Wide Web. This is analogous to <code>@file</code>, <code>@var</code>, etc., and is purely for markup purposes. It does not @@ -7402,21 +7610,22 @@ url's which do not actually exist. For example: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="email"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>, +<a name="email"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">9.1.16 <code>@email</code>{<var>email-address</var>[, <var>displayed-text</var>]}</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">9.1.17 <code>@email</code>{<var>email-address</var>[, <var>displayed-text</var>]}</h4> -<p><a name="index-email-438"></a> +<p><a name="index-email-442"></a> Use the <code>@email</code> command to indicate an electronic mail address. It takes one mandatory argument, the address, and one optional argument, the text to display (the default is the address itself). - <p><a name="index-Mailto-link-439"></a>In Info, the address is shown in angle brackets, preceded by the text + <p><a name="index-Mailto-link-443"></a>In Info, the address is shown in angle brackets, preceded by the text to display if any. In TeX, the angle brackets are omitted. In -HTML output, <code>@email</code> produces a <span class="samp">mailto</span> link that usually +HTML output, <code>@email</code> produces a ‘<samp><span class="samp">mailto</span></samp>’ link that usually brings up a mail composition window. For example: <pre class="example"> Send bug reports to @email{bug-texinfo@@gnu.org}, @@ -7428,15 +7637,15 @@ brings up a mail composition window. For example: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Emphasis"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a>, +<a name="Emphasis"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Indicating">Indicating</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a> -<br> + </div> -<!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">9.2 Emphasizing Text</h3> -<p><a name="index-Emphasizing-text-440"></a> +<p><a name="index-Emphasizing-text-444"></a> Usually, Texinfo changes the font to mark words in the text according to what category the words belong to; an example is the <code>@code</code> command. Most often, this is the best way to mark words. @@ -7454,14 +7663,16 @@ the <code>@r</code> command, has any regular use. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="emph-_0026-strong"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>, +<a name="emph-%26-strong"></a> +<a name="emph-_0026-strong"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 <code>@emph</code>{<var>text</var>} and <code>@strong</code>{<var>text</var>}</h4> -<p><a name="index-Emphasizing-text_002c-font-for-441"></a><a name="index-emph-442"></a><a name="index-strong-443"></a> +<p><a name="index-Emphasizing-text_002c-font-for-445"></a><a name="index-emph-446"></a><a name="index-strong-447"></a> The <code>@emph</code> and <code>@strong</code> commands are for emphasis; <code>@strong</code> is stronger. In printed output, <code>@emph</code> produces <em>italics</em> and <code>@strong</code> produces <strong>bold</strong>. @@ -7474,7 +7685,7 @@ The <code>@emph</code> and <code>@strong</code> commands are for emphasis; <p class="noindent">produces the following in printed output and HTML: <blockquote> -<strong>Caution</strong>: <span class="samp">rm * .[^.]*</span> +<strong>Caution</strong>: ‘<samp><span class="samp">rm * .[^.]*</span></samp>’ removes <em>all</em> files in the directory. </blockquote> @@ -7488,28 +7699,29 @@ effect, a typographical element, such as the word `Caution' in the preceding example. <p>In the Info output, <code>@emph</code> surrounds the text with underscores -(<span class="samp">_</span>), and <code>@strong</code> puts asterisks around the text. +(‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’), and <code>@strong</code> puts asterisks around the text. <blockquote> -<b>Caution:</b> Do not use <code>@strong</code> with the word <span class="samp">Note</span>; Info will +<b>Caution:</b> Do not use <code>@strong</code> with the word ‘<samp><span class="samp">Note</span></samp>’; Info will mistake the combination for a cross reference. (It's usually redundant, anyway.) Use a phrase such as <strong>Please notice</strong> or <strong>Caution</strong> instead, or the optional argument to -<code>@quotation</code>—<span class="samp">Note</span> is allowable there. +<code>@quotation</code>—‘<samp><span class="samp">Note</span></samp>’ is allowable there. </blockquote> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Smallcaps"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fonts">Fonts</a>, +<a name="Smallcaps"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fonts">Fonts</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.2.2 <code>@sc</code>{<var>text</var>}: The Small Caps Font</h4> -<p><a name="index-Small-caps-font-444"></a><a name="index-sc-_0040r_007b_0028small-caps-font_0029_007d-445"></a> -Use the <span class="samp">@sc</span> command to set text in <span class="sc">a small caps font</span> +<p><a name="index-Small-caps-font-448"></a><a name="index-sc-_0040r_007b_0028small-caps-font_0029_007d-449"></a> +Use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@sc</span></samp>’ command to set text in <span class="sc">a small caps font</span> (where possible). Write the text you want to be in small caps between braces in lower case, like this: @@ -7520,7 +7732,7 @@ braces in lower case, like this: <pre class="display"> Richard <span class="sc">Stallman</span> founded <acronym title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</acronym>. </pre> <p>As shown here, we recommend using <code>@acronym</code> for actual -abbreviations (see <a href="#acronym">acronym</a>), and reserving <code>@sc</code> for special +acronyms (see <a href="#acronym">acronym</a>), and reserving <code>@sc</code> for special cases where you want small caps. The output is not the same (<code>@acronym</code> prints in a smaller text font, not the small caps font), but more importantly it describes the actual text more @@ -7529,7 +7741,7 @@ accurately. <p>Family names are one case where small capitals are sometimes desirable, also as shown here. - <p><a name="index-_003csmall_003e-tag-446"></a>TeX typesets any uppercase letters between the braces of an + <p><a name="index-g_t_003csmall_003e-tag-450"></a>TeX typesets any uppercase letters between the braces of an <code>@sc</code> command in full-size capitals; only lowercase letters are printed in the small caps font. In the Info output, the argument to <code>@sc</code> is printed in all upper case. In HTML, the argument is @@ -7537,37 +7749,65 @@ uppercased and the output marked with the <code><small></code> tag to redu the font size. <p>Since it's redundant to mark all-uppercase text with <code>@sc</code>, -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> warns about such usage. +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> warns about such usage. <p>We recommend using regular mixed case wherever possible. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Fonts"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>, +<a name="Fonts"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.2.3 Fonts for Printing, Not Info</h4> -<p><a name="index-Fonts-for-printing_002c-not-Info-447"></a><a name="index-i-_0040r_007b_0028italic-font_0029_007d-448"></a><a name="index-b-_0040r_007b_0028bold-font_0029_007d-449"></a><a name="index-t-_0040r_007b_0028typewriter-font_0029_007d-450"></a><a name="index-r-_0040r_007b_0028roman-font_0029_007d-451"></a> -Texinfo provides four font commands that specify font changes in the -printed manual and (where possible) in the HTML output, but have no -effect in the Info file. All four commands apply to an argument that -follows, surrounded by braces. +<p><a name="index-Fonts-for-printing_002c-not-Info-451"></a> +<a name="index-fonttextsize-452"></a><a name="index-Font-size_002c-reducing-453"></a><a name="index-Reducing-font-size-454"></a><a name="index-Smaller-fonts-455"></a>Texinfo provides one command to change the size of the main body font +in the TeX output for a document: <code>@fonttextsize</code>. It has no +effect at all in other output. It takes a single argument on the +remainder of the line, which must be either ‘<samp><span class="samp">10</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">11</span></samp>’. +For example: + +<pre class="example"> @fonttextsize 10 +</pre> + <p><a name="index-Printing-cost_002c-reducing-456"></a>The effect is to reduce the body font to a 10<span class="dmn">pt</span> size (the +default is 11<span class="dmn">pt</span>). Fonts for other elements, such as sections +and chapters, are reduced accordingly. This should only be used in +conjunction with <code>@smallbook</code> (see <a href="#smallbook">Printing “Small” Books</a>) or similar, since 10<span class="dmn">pt</span> fonts on standard paper +(8.5x11 or A4) are too small. One reason to use this command is to +save pages, and hence printing cost, for physical books. + + <p>Texinfo does not at present have commands to switch the font family +to use, or more general size-changing commands. + + <p><a name="index-Styles_002c-font-457"></a>Texinfo also provides a number of font commands that specify font changes +in the printed manual and (where possible) in the HTML output, but +have no effect in the Info file. All the commands apply to an +argument that follows, surrounded by braces. <dl> -<dt><code>@i</code><dd><a name="index-Italic-font-452"></a>selects an <i>italic</i> font; +<dt><code>@b</code><dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007b_0028bold-font_0029_007d-458"></a><a name="index-Bold-font-459"></a>selects <b>bold</b> face; + + <br><dt><code>@i</code><dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007b_0028italic-font_0029_007d-460"></a><a name="index-Italic-font-461"></a>selects an <i>italic</i> font; + + <br><dt><code>@r</code><dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007b_0028roman-font_0029_007d-462"></a><a name="index-Roman-font-463"></a><a name="index-Default-font-464"></a>selects a <span class="roman">roman</span> font, which is the usual font in which text is +printed. It may or may not be seriffed. - <br><dt><code>@b</code><dd><a name="index-Bold-font-453"></a>selects <b>bold</b> face; + <br><dt><code>@sansserif</code><dd><a name="index-sansserif-_0040r_007b_0028sans-serif-font_0029_007d-465"></a><a name="index-Sans-serif-font-466"></a>selects a <span class="sansserif">sans serif</span> font; - <br><dt><code>@t</code><dd><a name="index-Monospace-font-454"></a><a name="index-Fixed_002dwidth-font-455"></a><a name="index-Typewriter-font-456"></a>selects the <tt>fixed-width</tt>, typewriter-style font used by <code>@code</code>; + <br><dt><code>@slanted</code><dd><a name="index-slanted-_0040r_007b_0028slanted-font_0029_007d-467"></a><a name="index-Slanted-font-468"></a><a name="index-Oblique-font-469"></a>selects a <i>slanted</i> font; - <br><dt><code>@r</code><dd><a name="index-Roman-font-457"></a>selects a <span class="roman">roman</span> font, which is the usual font in which text is printed. + <br><dt><code>@t</code><dd><a name="index-t-_0040r_007b_0028typewriter-font_0029_007d-470"></a><a name="index-Monospace-font-471"></a><a name="index-Fixed_002dwidth-font-472"></a><a name="index-Typewriter-font-473"></a>selects the <tt>fixed-width</tt>, typewriter-style font used by <code>@code</code>; </dl> - <p><a name="index-_003clineannotation_003e-Docbook-tag-458"></a>Only the <code>@r</code> command has much use: in example-like + <p>(The commands with longer names were invented much later than the +others, at which time it did not seem desirable to use very short +names for such an infrequently needed feature.) + + <p><a name="index-g_t_003clineannotation_003e-Docbook-tag-474"></a>Only the <code>@r</code> command has much use: in example-like environments, you can use the <code>@r</code> command to write comments in the standard roman font instead of the fixed-width font. This looks better in printed output, and produces a <code><lineannotation></code> tag @@ -7583,32 +7823,33 @@ in Docbook output. <pre class="lisp"> (+ 2 2) ; <span class="roman">Add two plus two.</span> </pre> - <p>In general, you should avoid using the other three font commands. If -you need to use one, it probably indicates a gap in the Texinfo -language. + <p>In general, you should avoid using the other font commands. Some of +them are only useful when documenting functionality of specific font +effects, such as in TeX and related packages. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Quotations-and-Examples"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a>, +<a name="Quotations-and-Examples"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">10 Quotations and Examples</h2> <p>Quotations and examples are blocks of text consisting of one or more whole paragraphs that are set off from the bulk of the text and -treated differently. They are usually indented. +treated differently. They are usually indented in the output. - <p>In Texinfo, you always begin a quotation or example by writing an + <p><a name="index-end-475"></a>In Texinfo, you always begin a quotation or example by writing an @-command at the beginning of a line by itself, and end it by writing an <code>@end</code> command that is also at the beginning of a line by itself. For instance, you begin an example by writing <code>@example</code> by itself at the beginning of a line and end the example by writing <code>@end example</code> on a line by itself, at the beginning of that -line. -<a name="index-end-459"></a> +line, and with only one space between the <code>@end</code> and the +<code>example</code>. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Block-Enclosing-Commands">Block Enclosing Commands</a>: Different constructs for different purposes. @@ -7629,9 +7870,10 @@ line. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Block-Enclosing-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#quotation">quotation</a>, +<a name="Block-Enclosing-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#quotation">quotation</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.1 Block Enclosing Commands</h3> @@ -7687,15 +7929,16 @@ rounded corners around it. See <a href="#cartouche">Drawing Cartouches Around E <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="quotation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#example">example</a>, +<a name="quotation"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#example">example</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Block-Enclosing-Commands">Block Enclosing Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.2 <code>@quotation</code>: Block quotations</h3> -<p><a name="index-Quotations-460"></a><a name="index-quotation-461"></a> +<p><a name="index-Quotations-476"></a><a name="index-quotation-477"></a> The text of a quotation is processed normally (regular font, text is filled) except that: @@ -7703,10 +7946,9 @@ filled) except that: <li>the margins are closer to the center of the page, so the whole of the quotation is indented; - <li>the first lines of paragraphs are indented no more than other lines; + <li>and the first lines of paragraphs are indented no more than other lines. - <li>in the printed output, interparagraph spacing is reduced. -</ul> + </ul> <blockquote> This is an example of text written between an <code>@quotation</code> @@ -7724,7 +7966,7 @@ output. <p><code>@quotation</code> takes one optional argument, given on the remainder of the line. This text, if present, is included at the beginning of the quotation in bold or otherwise emphasized, and followed with a -<span class="samp">:</span>. For example: +‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’. For example: <pre class="example"> @quotation Note This is @@ -7742,21 +7984,22 @@ a foo. <pre class="example"> Caution Important Note Tip Warning </pre> - <p><a name="index-_003cnote_003e-Docbook-tag-462"></a><a name="index-_003cblockquote_003e-HTML-tag-463"></a>then the Docbook output uses corresponding special tags + <p><a name="index-g_t_003cnote_003e-Docbook-tag-478"></a><a name="index-g_t_003cblockquote_003e-HTML-tag-479"></a>then the Docbook output uses corresponding special tags (<code><note></code>, etc.) instead of the default <code><blockquote></code>. HTML output always uses <code><blockquote></code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="example"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#verbatim">verbatim</a>, +<a name="example"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#verbatim">verbatim</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#quotation">quotation</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.3 <code>@example</code>: Example Text</h3> -<p><a name="index-Examples_002c-formatting-them-464"></a><a name="index-Formatting-examples-465"></a><a name="index-example-466"></a> +<p><a name="index-Examples_002c-formatting-them-480"></a><a name="index-Formatting-examples-481"></a><a name="index-example-482"></a> The <code>@example</code> environment is used to indicate an example that is not part of the running text, such as computer input or output. Write an <code>@example</code> command at the beginning of a line by @@ -7817,32 +8060,26 @@ normal roman font, you can use the <code>@r</code> command (see <a href="#Fonts" <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="verbatim"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a>, +<a name="verbatim"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#example">example</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.4 <code>@verbatim</code>: Literal Text</h3> -<p><a name="index-verbatim-467"></a><a name="index-Verbatim-environment-468"></a> +<p><a name="index-verbatim-483"></a><a name="index-Verbatim-environment-484"></a> Use the <code>@verbatim</code> environment for printing of text that may contain special characters or commands that should not be interpreted, such as computer input or output (<code>@example</code> interprets its text -as regular Texinfo commands). This is especially useful for including -automatically generated output in a Texinfo manual. Here is an example; -the output you see is just the same as the input, with a line -<code>@verbatim</code> before and a line <code>@end verbatim</code> after. - -<pre class="verbatim"> -This is an example of text written in a @verbatim -block. No character substitutions are made. All commands -are ignored, until `<at>end verbatim'. +as regular Texinfo commands). This is especially useful for including automatically +generated files in a Texinfo manual. -In the printed manual, the text is typeset in a -fixed-width font, and not indented or filled. All -spaces and blank lines are significant, including tabs. -</pre> + <p>In general, the output will be just the same as the input. No +character substitutions are made, e.g., all spaces and blank lines are +significant, including tabs. In the printed manual, the text is +typeset in a fixed-width font, and not indented or filled. <p>Write a <code>@verbatim</code> command at the beginning of a line by itself. This line will disappear from the output. Mark the end of the verbatim @@ -7860,10 +8097,9 @@ disappear from the output. <br><tt>}</tt><br> <br><tt>@end verbatim</tt><br> </pre> - <p class="noindent">produces + <p class="noindent">This produces: -<pre class="verbatim"> -{ +<pre class="verbatim">{ @command with strange characters: @'e expand me } @@ -7875,19 +8111,31 @@ produce no output, typically you should put a blank line before the verbatim</code>. Blank lines between the beginning <code>@verbatim</code> and the ending <code>@end verbatim</code> will appear in the output. - <p>It is not reliable to use <code>@verbatim</code> inside other Texinfo constructs. + <p><a name="index-Verbatim_002c-small-485"></a><a name="index-Small-verbatim-486"></a>You can get a “small” verbatim by enclosing the <code>@verbatim</code> in +an <code>@smallformat</code> environment, as shown here: + +<!-- more cheating ... --> +<pre class="smallexample"><br><tt>@smallformat</tt><br> +<br><tt>@verbatim</tt><br> +<br><tt>... still verbatim, but in a smaller font ...</tt><br> +<br><tt>@end verbatim</tt><br> +<br><tt>@end smallformat</tt><br> +</pre> + <p>Finally, a word of warning: it is not reliable to use +<code>@verbatim</code> inside other Texinfo constructs. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="verbatiminclude"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lisp">lisp</a>, +<a name="verbatiminclude"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lisp">lisp</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#verbatim">verbatim</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.5 <code>@verbatiminclude</code> <var>file</var>: Include a File Verbatim</h3> -<p><a name="index-Verbatim_002c-include-file-469"></a><a name="index-Including-a-file-verbatim-470"></a><a name="index-verbatiminclude-471"></a> +<p><a name="index-Verbatim_002c-include-file-487"></a><a name="index-Including-a-file-verbatim-488"></a><a name="index-verbatiminclude-489"></a> You can include the exact contents of a file in the document with the <code>@verbatiminclude</code> command: @@ -7902,25 +8150,29 @@ the <code>@verbatiminclude</code> within <code>@example</code> <p>The name of the file is taken literally, with a single exception: <code>@value{</code><var>var</var><code>}</code> references are expanded. This makes it -possible to reliably include files in other directories in a -distribution, for instance: +possible to include files in other directories within a distribution, +for instance: -<pre class="example"> @include @value{top_srcdir}/NEWS +<pre class="example"> @verbatiminclude @value{top_srcdir}/NEWS </pre> <p class="noindent">(You still have to get <code>top_srcdir</code> defined in the first place.) + <p>For a method on printing the file contents in a smaller font size, see +the end of the previous section on <code>@verbatim</code>. + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="lisp"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#small">small</a>, +<a name="lisp"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#small">small</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.6 <code>@lisp</code>: Marking a Lisp Example</h3> -<p><a name="index-lisp-472"></a><a name="index-Lisp-example-473"></a> +<p><a name="index-lisp-490"></a><a name="index-Lisp-example-491"></a> The <code>@lisp</code> command is used for Lisp code. It is synonymous with the <code>@example</code> command. @@ -7938,15 +8190,16 @@ itself. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="small"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#display">display</a>, +<a name="small"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#display">display</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lisp">lisp</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.7 <code>@small...</code> Block Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Small-examples-474"></a><a name="index-Examples-in-smaller-fonts-475"></a><a name="index-Lisp-examples-in-smaller-fonts-476"></a><a name="index-smalldisplay-477"></a><a name="index-smallexample-478"></a><a name="index-smallformat-479"></a><a name="index-smalllisp-480"></a> +<p><a name="index-Small-examples-492"></a><a name="index-Examples-in-smaller-fonts-493"></a><a name="index-Lisp-examples-in-smaller-fonts-494"></a><a name="index-smalldisplay-495"></a><a name="index-smallexample-496"></a><a name="index-smallformat-497"></a><a name="index-smalllisp-498"></a> In addition to the regular <code>@example</code> and <code>@lisp</code> commands, Texinfo has “small” example-style commands. These are <code>@smalldisplay</code>, <code>@smallexample</code>, <code>@smallformat</code>, and @@ -7984,42 +8237,49 @@ consistently within a chapter. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="display"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#format">format</a>, +<a name="display"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#format">format</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#small">small</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.8 <code>@display</code> and <code>@smalldisplay</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Display-formatting-481"></a><a name="index-display-482"></a> -The <code>@display</code> command begins a kind of example. It is like the -<code>@example</code> command -except that, in -a printed manual, <code>@display</code> does not select the fixed-width -font. In fact, it does not specify the font at all, so that the text -appears in the same font it would have appeared in without the -<code>@display</code> command. +<p><a name="index-Display-formatting-499"></a><a name="index-display-500"></a> +The <code>@display</code> command begins a kind of example, where each line +of input produces a line of output, and the output is indented. It is +thus like the <code>@example</code> command except that, in a printed +manual, <code>@display</code> does not select the fixed-width font. In +fact, it does not specify the font at all, so that the text appears in +the same font it would have appeared in without the <code>@display</code> +command. <pre class="display"> This is an example of text written between an <code>@display</code> command and an <code>@end display</code> command. The <code>@display</code> command indents the text, but does not fill it. </pre> - <p><a name="index-smalldisplay-483"></a>Texinfo also provides a command <code>@smalldisplay</code>, which is like + <p><a name="index-smalldisplay-501"></a>Texinfo also provides a command <code>@smalldisplay</code>, which is like <code>@display</code> but uses a smaller font in <code>@smallbook</code> format. See <a href="#small">small</a>. + <p>The <code>@table</code> command (see <a href="#table">table</a>) does not work inside +<code>@display</code>. Since <code>@display</code> is line-oriented, it doesn't +make sense to use them together. If you want to indent a table, try +<code>@quotation</code> (see <a href="#quotation">quotation</a>). + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="format"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#exdent">exdent</a>, +<a name="format"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#exdent">exdent</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#display">display</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.9 <code>@format</code> and <code>@smallformat</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-format-484"></a> +<p><a name="index-format-502"></a> The <code>@format</code> command is similar to <code>@example</code> except that, in the printed manual, <code>@format</code> does not select the fixed-width font and does not narrow the margins. @@ -8029,21 +8289,22 @@ and an <code>@end format</code> command. As you can see from this example, the <code>@format</code> command does not fill the text. </pre> - <p><a name="index-smallformat-485"></a>Texinfo also provides a command <code>@smallformat</code>, which is like + <p><a name="index-smallformat-503"></a>Texinfo also provides a command <code>@smallformat</code>, which is like <code>@format</code> but uses a smaller font in <code>@smallbook</code> format. See <a href="#small">small</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="exdent"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a>, +<a name="exdent"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#format">format</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.10 <code>@exdent</code>: Undoing a Line's Indentation</h3> -<p><a name="index-Indentation-undoing-486"></a><a name="index-exdent-487"></a> +<p><a name="index-Indentation-undoing-504"></a><a name="index-exdent-505"></a> The <code>@exdent</code> command removes any indentation a line might have. The command is written at the beginning of a line and applies only to the text that follows the command that is on the same line. Do not use @@ -8057,7 +8318,7 @@ braces around the text. In a printed manual, the text on an @exdent This line is exdented. This line follows the exdented line. The @@end example comes on the next line. - @end group + @end example </pre> <p class="noindent">produces @@ -8072,15 +8333,17 @@ returning the page to its normal width. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="flushleft-_0026-flushright"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#noindent">noindent</a>, +<a name="flushleft-%26-flushright"></a> +<a name="flushleft-_0026-flushright"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#noindent">noindent</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#exdent">exdent</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.11 <code>@flushleft</code> and <code>@flushright</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-flushleft-488"></a><a name="index-flushright-489"></a><a name="index-Ragged-right-490"></a><a name="index-Ragged-left-491"></a> +<p><a name="index-flushleft-506"></a><a name="index-flushright-507"></a><a name="index-Ragged-right-508"></a><a name="index-Ragged-left-509"></a> The <code>@flushleft</code> and <code>@flushright</code> commands line up the ends of lines on the left and right margins of a page, but do not fill the text. The commands are written on lines of their @@ -8098,10 +8361,10 @@ flushright</code> commands on lines of their own. <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> - <div align="left">This text is - written flushleft. - </div> - </blockquote> +<div align="left">This text is +written flushleft. +</div> +</blockquote> <p><code>@flushright</code> produces the type of indentation often used in the return address of letters. For example, @@ -8123,15 +8386,16 @@ return address of letters. For example, <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="noindent"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#indent">indent</a>, +<a name="noindent"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#indent">indent</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.12 <code>@noindent</code>: Omitting Indentation</h3> -<p><a name="index-Omitting-indentation-492"></a><a name="index-Suppressing-indentation-493"></a><a name="index-Indentation_002c-omitting-494"></a><a name="index-noindent-495"></a> +<p><a name="index-Omitting-indentation-510"></a><a name="index-Suppressing-indentation-511"></a><a name="index-Indentation_002c-omitting-512"></a><a name="index-noindent-513"></a> An example or other inclusion can break a paragraph into segments. Ordinarily, the formatters indent text that follows an example as a new paragraph. You can prevent this on a case-by-case basis by writing @@ -8160,7 +8424,7 @@ any environment. <pre class="display"> <pre class="example"> This is an example - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">This line is not indented. As you can see, the beginning of the line is fully flush left with the line @@ -8181,15 +8445,16 @@ paragraphs (see <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="indent"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#cartouche">cartouche</a>, +<a name="indent"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#cartouche">cartouche</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#noindent">noindent</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.13 <code>@indent</code>: Forcing Indentation</h3> -<p><a name="index-Forcing-indentation-496"></a><a name="index-Inserting-indentation-497"></a><a name="index-Indentation_002c-forcing-498"></a><a name="index-indent-499"></a> +<p><a name="index-Forcing-indentation-514"></a><a name="index-Inserting-indentation-515"></a><a name="index-Indentation_002c-forcing-516"></a><a name="index-indent-517"></a> To complement the <code>@noindent</code> command (see the previous section), Texinfo provides the <code>@indent</code> command that forces a @@ -8212,14 +8477,15 @@ paragraphs (see <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="cartouche"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#indent">indent</a>, +<a name="cartouche"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#indent">indent</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">10.14 <code>@cartouche</code>: Rounded Rectangles Around Examples</h3> -<p><a name="index-cartouche-500"></a><a name="index-Box-with-rounded-corners-501"></a><a name="index-Rounded-rectangles_002c-around-examples-502"></a> +<p><a name="index-cartouche-518"></a><a name="index-Box-with-rounded-corners-519"></a><a name="index-Rounded-rectangles_002c-around-examples-520"></a> In a printed manual, the <code>@cartouche</code> command draws a box with rounded corners around its contents. In HTML, a normal rectangle is drawn (that's the best HTML can do). <code>@cartouche</code> has no effect @@ -8252,21 +8518,22 @@ Info, you'll see the <code>@cartouche</code> had no effect): <p>For proper output in HTML, it's necessary to put the <code>@cartouche</code> around the <code>@example</code>, and not the other way -around. This limitation of <span class="command">makeinfo</span> may be removed one day. +around. This limitation of <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> may be removed one day. <p><code>@cartouche</code> also implies <code>@group</code> (see <a href="#group">group</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Lists-and-Tables"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a>, +<a name="Lists-and-Tables"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">11 Lists and Tables</h2> -<p><a name="index-Making-lists-and-tables-503"></a><a name="index-Lists-and-tables_002c-making-504"></a><a name="index-Tables-and-lists_002c-making-505"></a> +<p><a name="index-Making-lists-and-tables-521"></a><a name="index-Lists-and-tables_002c-making-522"></a><a name="index-Tables-and-lists_002c-making-523"></a> Texinfo has several ways of making lists and tables. Lists can be bulleted or numbered; two-column tables can highlight the items in the first column; multi-column tables are also supported. @@ -8281,9 +8548,10 @@ the first column; multi-column tables are also supported. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Introducing-Lists"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#itemize">itemize</a>, +<a name="Introducing-Lists"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#itemize">itemize</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">11.1 Introducing Lists</h3> @@ -8303,7 +8571,7 @@ command and end the list with an <code>@end enumerate</code> command. Begin an itemized list with an <code>@itemize</code> command, followed on the same line by a formatting command such as <code>@bullet</code>, and end the list with an <code>@end itemize</code> command. -<a name="index-end-506"></a> +<a name="index-end-524"></a> Precede each element of a list with an <code>@item</code> or <code>@itemx</code> command. @@ -8349,20 +8617,21 @@ And here is a two-column table with the same items and their <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="itemize"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#enumerate">enumerate</a>, +<a name="itemize"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#enumerate">enumerate</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introducing-Lists">Introducing Lists</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">11.2 <code>@itemize</code>: Making an Itemized List</h3> -<p><a name="index-Itemization-507"></a><a name="index-itemize-508"></a> +<p><a name="index-Itemization-525"></a><a name="index-itemize-526"></a> The <code>@itemize</code> command produces sequences of indented paragraphs, with a bullet or other mark inside the left margin at the beginning of each paragraph for which such a mark is desired. - <p><a name="index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040w_007d_002c-for-blank-items-509"></a>Begin an itemized list by writing <code>@itemize</code> at the beginning of + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040w_007d_002c-for-blank-items-527"></a>Begin an itemized list by writing <code>@itemize</code> at the beginning of a line. Follow the command, on the same line, with a character or a Texinfo command that generates a mark. Usually, you will write <code>@bullet</code> after <code>@itemize</code>, but you can use @@ -8370,14 +8639,14 @@ Texinfo command that generates a mark. Usually, you will write character in the Info file. If you don't want any mark at all, use <code>@w</code>. (When you write the mark command such as <code>@bullet</code> after an <code>@itemize</code> command, you may omit the -<span class="samp">{}</span>.) If you don't specify a mark command, the default is +‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’.) If you don't specify a mark command, the default is <code>@bullet</code>. <p>Write the text of the indented paragraphs themselves after the <code>@itemize</code>, up to another line that says <code>@end itemize</code>. - <p><a name="index-item-510"></a>At the beginning of each paragraph for which a mark in the margin is + <p><a name="index-item-528"></a>At the beginning of each paragraph for which a mark in the margin is desired, write a line that starts with <code>@item</code>. It is ok to have text following the <code>@item</code>. @@ -8387,7 +8656,7 @@ interline whitespace in either case.) Except when the entries are very brief, these blank lines make the list look better. <p>Here is an example of the use of <code>@itemize</code>, followed by the -output it produces. <code>@bullet</code> produces an <span class="samp">*</span> in Info and a +output it produces. <code>@bullet</code> produces an ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ in Info and a round dot in TeX. <pre class="example"> @itemize @bullet @@ -8402,13 +8671,13 @@ round dot in TeX. <p class="noindent">This produces: <blockquote> - <ul> + <ul> <li>Some text for foo. - <li>Some text + <li>Some text for bar. </ul> - </blockquote> +</blockquote> <p>Itemized lists may be embedded within other itemized lists. Here is a list marked with dashes embedded in a list marked with bullets: @@ -8432,39 +8701,40 @@ list marked with dashes embedded in a list marked with bullets: <p class="noindent">This produces: <blockquote> - <ul> + <ul> <li>First item. - <ul> + <ul> <li>Inner item. - <li>Second inner item. + <li>Second inner item. </ul> - <li>Second outer item. + <li>Second outer item. </ul> - </blockquote> +</blockquote> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="enumerate"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a>, +<a name="enumerate"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#itemize">itemize</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">11.3 <code>@enumerate</code>: Making a Numbered or Lettered List</h3> -<p><a name="index-Enumeration-511"></a><a name="index-enumerate-512"></a> +<p><a name="index-Enumeration-529"></a><a name="index-enumerate-530"></a> <code>@enumerate</code> is like <code>@itemize</code> (see <a href="#itemize"><code>@itemize</code></a>), except that the labels on the items are successive integers or letters instead of bullets. <p>Write the <code>@enumerate</code> command at the beginning of a line. The command does not require an argument, but accepts either a number or a letter as an option. Without an argument, <code>@enumerate</code> starts the -list with the number <span class="samp">1</span>. With a numeric argument, such as -<span class="samp">3</span>, the command starts the list with that number. With an upper -or lower case letter, such as <span class="samp">a</span> or <span class="samp">A</span>, the command starts +list with the number ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’. With a numeric argument, such as +‘<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>’, the command starts the list with that number. With an upper +or lower case letter, such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>’, the command starts the list with that letter. <p>Write the text of the enumerated list in the same way as an itemized @@ -8556,15 +8826,17 @@ a letter, beginning with that lower case letter. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Two_002dcolumn-Tables"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a>, +<a name="Two-column-Tables"></a> +<a name="Two_002dcolumn-Tables"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#enumerate">enumerate</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">11.4 Making a Two-column Table</h3> -<p><a name="index-Tables_002c-making-two_002dcolumn-513"></a><a name="index-table-514"></a> +<p><a name="index-Tables_002c-making-two_002dcolumn-531"></a><a name="index-table-532"></a> <code>@table</code> is similar to <code>@itemize</code> (see <a href="#itemize"><code>@itemize</code></a>), but allows you to specify a name or heading line for each item. The <code>@table</code> command is used to produce two-column tables, and is especially useful for glossaries, explanatory @@ -8578,14 +8850,15 @@ exhibits, and command-line option summaries. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="table"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a>, +<a name="table"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">11.4.1 Using the <code>@table</code> Command</h4> -<p><a name="index-Definition-lists_002c-typesetting-515"></a>Use the <code>@table</code> command to produce two-column tables. It is +<p><a name="index-Definition-lists_002c-typesetting-533"></a>Use the <code>@table</code> command to produce two-column tables. It is usually listed for “definition lists” of various sorts, where you have a list of terms and a brief text with each one. @@ -8599,7 +8872,7 @@ column of each item and thus determines how it will be highlighted. For example, <code>@table @code</code> will cause the text in the first column to be output as if it <code>@code</code> command. - <p><a name="index-asis-516"></a>You may also use the <code>@asis</code> command as an argument to + <p><a name="index-asis-534"></a>You may also use the <code>@asis</code> command as an argument to <code>@table</code>. <code>@asis</code> is a command that does nothing; if you use this command after <code>@table</code>, the first column entries are output without added highlighting (“as is”). @@ -8610,7 +8883,7 @@ normally take arguments in braces. (In this case, however, you use the command name without an argument, because the subsequent <code>@item</code>'s will supply the argument.) - <p><a name="index-item-517"></a>Begin each table entry with an <code>@item</code> command at the beginning + <p><a name="index-item-535"></a>Begin each table entry with an <code>@item</code> command at the beginning of a line. Write the first column text on the same line as the <code>@item</code> command. Write the second column text on the line following the <code>@item</code> line and on subsequent lines. (You do not @@ -8642,9 +8915,9 @@ column with an <code>@samp</code> command: <p class="noindent">This produces: <dl> -<dt><span class="samp">foo</span><dd>This is the text for -<span class="samp">foo</span>. -<br><dt><span class="samp">bar</span><dd>Text for <span class="samp">bar</span>. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’<dd>This is the text for +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>’<dd>Text for ‘<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>’. </dl> <p>If you want to list two or more named items with a single block of @@ -8652,15 +8925,16 @@ text, use the <code>@itemx</code> command. (See <a href="#itemx"><code>@itemx</ <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="ftable-vtable"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#itemx">itemx</a>, +<a name="ftable-vtable"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#itemx">itemx</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#table">table</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">11.4.2 <code>@ftable</code> and <code>@vtable</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-Tables-with-indexes-518"></a><a name="index-Indexing-table-entries-automatically-519"></a><a name="index-ftable-520"></a><a name="index-vtable-521"></a> +<p><a name="index-Tables-with-indexes-536"></a><a name="index-Indexing-table-entries-automatically-537"></a><a name="index-ftable-538"></a><a name="index-vtable-539"></a> The <code>@ftable</code> and <code>@vtable</code> commands are the same as the <code>@table</code> command except that <code>@ftable</code> automatically enters each of the items in the first column of the table into the index of @@ -8682,14 +8956,15 @@ itself. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="itemx"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a>, +<a name="itemx"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">11.4.3 <code>@itemx</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-Two-named-items-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040table_007d-522"></a><a name="index-itemx-523"></a> +<p><a name="index-Two-named-items-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040table_007d-540"></a><a name="index-itemx-541"></a> Use the <code>@itemx</code> command inside a table when you have two or more first column entries for the same item, each of which should appear on a line of its own. @@ -8726,14 +9001,16 @@ a two-column table.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Multi_002dcolumn-Tables"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a>, +<a name="Multi-column-Tables"></a> +<a name="Multi_002dcolumn-Tables"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">11.5 <code>@multitable</code>: Multi-column Tables</h3> -<p><a name="index-Tables_002c-making-multi_002dcolumn-524"></a><a name="index-multitable-525"></a> +<p><a name="index-Tables_002c-making-multi_002dcolumn-542"></a><a name="index-multitable-543"></a> <code>@multitable</code> allows you to construct tables with any number of columns, with each column having any width you like. @@ -8749,35 +9026,36 @@ multitable</code> completes the table. Details in the sections below. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Multitable-Column-Widths"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a>, +<a name="Multitable-Column-Widths"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">11.5.1 Multitable Column Widths</h4> -<p><a name="index-Multitable-column-widths-526"></a><a name="index-Column-widths_002c-defining-for-multitables-527"></a><a name="index-Widths_002c-defining-multitable-column-528"></a> +<p><a name="index-Multitable-column-widths-544"></a><a name="index-Column-widths_002c-defining-for-multitables-545"></a><a name="index-Widths_002c-defining-multitable-column-546"></a> You can define the column widths for a multitable in two ways: as fractions of the line length; or with a prototype row. Mixing the two methods is not supported. In either case, the widths are defined entirely on the same line as the <code>@multitable</code> command. <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-columnfractions-529"></a><a name="index-Line-length_002c-column-widths-as-fraction-of-530"></a>To specify column widths as fractions of the line length, write +<li><a name="index-columnfractions-547"></a><a name="index-Line-length_002c-column-widths-as-fraction-of-548"></a>To specify column widths as fractions of the line length, write <code>@columnfractions</code> and the decimal numbers (presumably less than 1; a leading zero is allowed and ignored) after the <code>@multitable</code> command, as in: <pre class="example"> @multitable @columnfractions .33 .33 .33 - </pre> +</pre> <p>The fractions need not add up exactly to 1.0, as these do not. This allows you to produce tables that do not need the full line length. - <li><a name="index-Prototype-row_002c-column-widths-defined-by-531"></a>To specify a prototype row, write the longest entry for each column + <li><a name="index-Prototype-row_002c-column-widths-defined-by-549"></a>To specify a prototype row, write the longest entry for each column enclosed in braces after the <code>@multitable</code> command. For example: <pre class="example"> @multitable {some text for column one} {for column two} - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">The first column will then have the width of the typeset `some text for column one', and the second column the width of `for column two'. @@ -8791,26 +9069,29 @@ particularly likely to be useful. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Multitable-Rows"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a>, +<a name="Multitable-Rows"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">11.5.2 Multitable Rows</h4> -<p><a name="index-Multitable-rows-532"></a><a name="index-Rows_002c-of-a-multitable-533"></a> -<a name="index-item-534"></a><a name="index-tab-535"></a>After the <code>@multitable</code> command defining the column widths (see +<p><a name="index-Multitable-rows-550"></a><a name="index-Rows_002c-of-a-multitable-551"></a> +<a name="index-item-552"></a><a name="index-tab-553"></a>After the <code>@multitable</code> command defining the column widths (see the previous section), you begin each row in the body of a multitable with <code>@item</code>, and separate the column entries with <code>@tab</code>. Line breaks are not special within the table body, and you may break input lines in your source file as necessary. - <p><a name="index-headitem-536"></a><a name="index-Heading-row_002c-in-table-537"></a><a name="index-_003cthead_003e-HTML-tag-538"></a>You can also use <code>@headitem</code> instead of <code>@item</code> to produce + <p><a name="index-headitem-554"></a><a name="index-Heading-row_002c-in-table-555"></a><a name="index-g_t_003cthead_003e-HTML-tag-556"></a>You can also use <code>@headitem</code> instead of <code>@item</code> to produce a <dfn>heading row</dfn>. The TeX output for such a row is in bold, and -the HTML, XML, and Docbook output uses the <code><thead></code> tag. +the HTML, XML, and Docbook output uses the <code><thead></code> tag. In +Info, the heading row is followed by a separator line made of dashes +(‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ characters). <p>Here is a complete example of a multi-column table (the text is from -<cite>The GNU Emacs Manual</cite>, see <a href="emacs.html#Split-Window">Splitting Windows (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>): +<cite>The GNU Emacs Manual</cite>, see <a href="emacs.html#Split-Window">Splitting Windows</a>): <pre class="example"> @multitable @columnfractions .15 .45 .4 @headitem Key @tab Command @tab Description @@ -8847,15 +9128,16 @@ split that window. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Special-Displays"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Indices">Indices</a>, +<a name="Special-Displays"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Indices">Indices</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">12 Special Displays</h2> -<p><a name="index-Special-displays-539"></a> +<p><a name="index-Special-displays-557"></a> The commands in this chapter allow you to write text that is specially displayed (output format permitting), outside of the normal document flow. @@ -8875,19 +9157,20 @@ are often included in these displays. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Floats"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Images">Images</a>, +<a name="Floats"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Images">Images</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">12.1 Floats</h3> -<p><a name="index-Floats_002c-in-general-540"></a> +<p><a name="index-Floats_002c-in-general-558"></a> A <dfn>float</dfn> is a display which is set off from the main text. It is typically labelled as being a “Figure”, “Table”, “Example”, or some similar type. - <p><a name="index-Floating_002c-not-yet-implemented-541"></a>A float is so-named because, in principle, it can be moved to the + <p><a name="index-Floating_002c-not-yet-implemented-559"></a>A float is so-named because, in principle, it can be moved to the bottom or top of the current page, or to a following page, in the printed output. (Floating does not make sense in other output formats.) In the present version of Texinfo, however, this floating @@ -8903,14 +9186,15 @@ an <code>@group</code> (see <a href="#group"><code>@group</code></a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="float"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a>, +<a name="float"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Floats">Floats</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">12.1.1 <code>@float</code> [<var>type</var>][,<var>label</var>]: Floating material</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">12.1.1 <code>@float</code> [<var>type</var>][,<var>label</var>]: Floating Material</h4> -<p><a name="index-float-542"></a><a name="index-Float-environment-543"></a> +<p><a name="index-float-560"></a><a name="index-Float-environment-561"></a> To produce floating material, enclose the material you want to be displayed separate between <code>@float</code> and <code>@end float</code> commands, on lines by themselves. @@ -8940,10 +9224,10 @@ cross-referencing will simply use a bare number. <br><dt><var>label</var><dd>Specifies a cross-reference label for this float. If given, this float is automatically given a number, and will appear in any -<code>@listofloats</code> output (see <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a>). Cross-references +<code>@listoffloats</code> output (see <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a>). Cross-references to <var>label</var> are allowed. - <p><a name="index-Floats_002c-making-unnumbered-544"></a><a name="index-Unnumbered-float_002c-creating-545"></a>On the other hand, if <var>label</var> is not given, then the float will + <p><a name="index-Floats_002c-making-unnumbered-562"></a><a name="index-Unnumbered-float_002c-creating-563"></a>On the other hand, if <var>label</var> is not given, then the float will not be numbered and consequently will not appear in the <code>@listoffloats</code> output or be cross-referenceable. </dl> @@ -8951,7 +9235,7 @@ not be numbered and consequently will not appear in the <p class="noindent">Normally, you specify both <var>type</var> and <var>label</var>, to get a labeled and numbered float. - <p><a name="index-Floats_002c-numbering-of-546"></a><a name="index-Numbering-of-floats-547"></a>In Texinfo, all floats are numbered the same way: with the chapter + <p><a name="index-Floats_002c-numbering-of-564"></a><a name="index-Numbering-of-floats-565"></a>In Texinfo, all floats are numbered the same way: with the chapter number (or appendix letter), a period, and the float number, which simply counts 1, 2, 3, <small class="dots">...</small>, and is reset at each chapter. Each float type is counted independently. @@ -8963,15 +9247,16 @@ chapter, are simply numbered consecutively from 1. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="caption-shortcaption"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a>, +<a name="caption-shortcaption"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#float">float</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Floats">Floats</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">12.1.2 <code>@caption</code> & <code>@shortcaption</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-caption-548"></a><a name="index-shortcaption-549"></a><a name="index-Captions_002c-for-floats-550"></a><a name="index-Short-captions_002c-for-lists-of-floats-551"></a> +<p><a name="index-caption-566"></a><a name="index-shortcaption-567"></a><a name="index-Captions_002c-for-floats-568"></a><a name="index-Short-captions_002c-for-lists-of-floats-569"></a> You may write an <code>@caption</code> anywhere within a <code>@float</code> environment, to define a caption for the float. It is not allowed in any other context. <code>@caption</code> takes a single argument, enclosed @@ -9001,18 +9286,29 @@ as specified to the <code>@float</code> command (see the previous section). <code>@float</code>, and takes a single argument in braces. The short caption text is used instead of the caption text in a list of floats (see the next section). Thus, you can write a long caption for the -main document, and a short title to appear in the list of floats. +main document, and a short title to appear in the list of floats. For +example: + +<pre class="example"> @float + ... as above ... + @shortcaption{Text for list of floats.} + @end float +</pre> + <p>The text for <code>@caption</code> and <code>@shortcaption</code> may not +contain comments (<code>@c</code>), verbatim text (<code>@verb</code>), +environments such as <code>@example</code>, or other complex constructs. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="listoffloats"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a>, +<a name="listoffloats"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Floats">Floats</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">12.1.3 <code>@listoffloats</code>: Tables of contents for floats</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">12.1.3 <code>@listoffloats</code>: Tables of Contents for Floats</h4> -<p><a name="index-listoffloats-552"></a><a name="index-List-of-floats-553"></a><a name="index-Floats_002c-list-of-554"></a><a name="index-Table-of-contents_002c-for-floats-555"></a> +<p><a name="index-listoffloats-570"></a><a name="index-List-of-floats-571"></a><a name="index-Floats_002c-list-of-572"></a><a name="index-Table-of-contents_002c-for-floats-573"></a> You can write a <code>@listoffloats</code> command to generate a list of floats for a given float type (see <a href="#float">float</a>), analogous to the document's overall table of contents. Typically, it is written in its @@ -9031,7 +9327,7 @@ Here's an example: <pre class="display"> <ul class="listoffloats"> - <li><a href="#fig_003aex1">Figure 12.1</a></li> + <li><a href="#fig_003aex1">Figure 12.1: </a></li> </ul> </pre> @@ -9051,15 +9347,16 @@ from the list of floats. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Images"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>, +<a name="Images"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Floats">Floats</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">12.2 Inserting Images</h3> -<p><a name="index-Images_002c-inserting-556"></a><a name="index-Pictures_002c-inserting-557"></a><a name="index-image-558"></a> +<p><a name="index-Images_002c-inserting-574"></a><a name="index-Pictures_002c-inserting-575"></a><a name="index-image-576"></a> You can insert an image given in an external file with the <code>@image</code> command. Although images can be used anywhere, including the middle of a paragraph, we describe them in this chapter @@ -9072,69 +9369,83 @@ since they are most often part of a displayed figure or example. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Image-Syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a>, +<a name="Image-Syntax"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Images">Images</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">12.2.1 Image Syntax</h4> -<p>Here is the basic synopsis of the <code>@image</code> command: +<p>Here is the synopsis of the <code>@image</code> command: <pre class="example"> @image{<var>filename</var><span class="roman">[,</span> <var>width</var><span class="roman">[,</span> <var>height</var><span class="roman">[,</span> <var>alttext</var><span class="roman">[, </span><var>extension</var><span class="roman">]]]]</span>} </pre> - <p><a name="index-Formats-for-images-559"></a><a name="index-Image-formats-560"></a>The <var>filename</var> argument is mandatory, and must not have an + <p><a name="index-Formats-for-images-577"></a><a name="index-Image-formats-578"></a>The <var>filename</var> argument is mandatory, and must not have an extension, because the different processors support different formats: <ul> -<li>TeX reads the file <var>filename</var><span class="file">.eps</span> (Encapsulated PostScript +<li><a name="index-eps-image-format-579"></a>TeX reads the file <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.eps</span></samp> (Encapsulated PostScript format). -<li><a name="index-pdftex_0040r_007b_002c-and-images_007d-561"></a>PDFTeX reads <var>filename</var><span class="file">.pdf</span> (Adobe's Portable Document Format). -<li><code>makeinfo</code> includes <var>filename</var><span class="file">.txt</span> verbatim for +<li><a name="index-pdftex_0040r_007b_002c-and-images_007d-580"></a><a name="index-png-image-format-581"></a><a name="index-jpeg-image-format-582"></a><a name="index-pdf-image-inclusions-583"></a>pdfTeX reads <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.png</span></samp>, <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.jpg</span></samp>, +<samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.jpeg</span></samp>, or <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.pdf</span></samp> (in that +order). It also tries uppercase versions of the extensions. The PDF +format cannot support EPS images, so they must be converted first. +<li><code>makeinfo</code> includes <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.txt</span></samp> verbatim for Info output (more or less as if it was an <code>@example</code>). <li><code>makeinfo</code> uses the optional fifth argument <var>extension</var> to <code>@image</code> for the filename extension, if it is specified. For example: - <p><a name="index-XPM-image-format-562"></a> + <p><a name="index-XPM-image-format-584"></a> <pre class="example"> @image{foo,,,,.xpm} - </pre> - <p class="noindent">will cause <code>makeinfo</code> to look for <span class="file">foo.xpm</span> before any others. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">will cause <code>makeinfo</code> to look for <samp><span class="file">foo.xpm</span></samp> before any others. </ul> <p>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> arguments are described in the next section. - <p><a name="index-Alt-attribute-for-images-563"></a><a name="index-Images_002c-alternate-text-for-564"></a>When producing html, <code>makeinfo</code> sets the <dfn>alt attribute</dfn> for + <p>For TeX output, if an image is the only thing in a paragraph it +will ordinarily be displayed on a line by itself, respecting the +current environment indentation, but without the normal paragraph +indentation. If you want it centered, use <code>@center</code> +(see <a href="#titlefont-center-sp"><code>@titlefont @center @sp</code></a>). + + <p><a name="index-Alt-attribute-for-images-585"></a><a name="index-Images_002c-alternate-text-for-586"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0028in-image-alt-string_0029-587"></a>For HTML output, <code>makeinfo</code> sets the <dfn>alt attribute</dfn> for inline images to the optional <var>alttext</var> (fourth) argument to <code>@image</code>, if supplied. If not supplied, <code>makeinfo</code> uses -the full file name of the image being displayed. If you want an empty -<code>alt</code> string, use <code>@-</code>. The <var>alttext</var> is taken as -Texinfo text, so special characters such as <span class="samp">"</span> and <span class="samp"><</span> and -<span class="samp">&</span> are escaped in the HTML and XML output. +the full file name of the image being displayed. The <var>alttext</var> is +taken as Texinfo text, so special characters such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>’ are escaped in the HTML and XML output; also, +you can get an empty <code>alt</code> string with <code>@-</code> (a command +that produces no output; see <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>). - <p><a name="index-GIF-images_002c-unsupported-due-to-patents-565"></a><a name="index-PNG-image-format-566"></a><a name="index-JPG-image-format-567"></a>If you do not supply the optional <var>extension</var> (fifth) argument, -<code>makeinfo</code> first tries <var>filename</var><span class="file">.png</span>; if that does -not exist, it tries <var>filename</var><span class="file">.jpg</span>. If that does not exist -either, it complains. (We cannot support GIF format directly due to -software patents.) + <p>For Info output, the <code>alt</code> string is also processed as Texinfo +text and output. In this case, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ is escaped as ‘<samp><span class="samp">\\</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ as ‘<samp><span class="samp">\"</span></samp>’; no other escapes are done. + + <p><a name="index-PNG-image-format-588"></a><a name="index-JPEG-image-format-589"></a>If you do not supply the optional <var>extension</var> (fifth) argument, +<code>makeinfo</code> first tries <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.png</span></samp>; if that does +not exist, it tries <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.jpg</span></samp>. If that does not exist +either, it complains. <p>In Info output, <code>makeinfo</code> writes a reference to the binary image -file (trying <var>filename</var> suffixed with <var>extension</var>, -<var>.extension</var>, <span class="file">.png</span>, or <span class="file">.jpg</span>, in that order) -if one exists. It also literally includes the <span class="file">.txt</span> file if one +file (trying <var>filename</var> suffixed with <samp><var>extension</var></samp>, +<samp><var>.extension</var></samp>, <samp><span class="file">.png</span></samp>, or <samp><span class="file">.jpg</span></samp>, in that order) +if one exists. It also literally includes the <samp><span class="file">.txt</span></samp> file if one exists. This way, Info readers which can display images (such as the Emacs Info browser, running under X) can do so, whereas Info readers which can only use text (such as the standalone Info reader) can display the textual version. - <p>The implementation of this is to put the following construct into the + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_005e_0040_0040_005eH_007d-for-images-in-Info-590"></a>The implementation of this is to put the following construct into the Info output: <pre class="example"> ^@^H[image src="<var>binaryfile</var>" text="<var>txtfile</var>" alt="<var>alttext</var> ... ^@^H] </pre> - <p class="noindent">where <span class="samp">^@</span> and <span class="samp">^H</span> stand for the actual null and + <p class="noindent">where ‘<samp><span class="samp">^@</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">^H</span></samp>’ stand for the actual null and backspace control characters. If one of the files is not present, the corresponding argument is omitted. @@ -9144,14 +9455,15 @@ literally, which, although not pretty, should not be harmful. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Image-Scaling"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a>, +<a name="Image-Scaling"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Images">Images</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">12.2.2 Image Scaling</h4> -<p><a name="index-Images_002c-scaling-568"></a><a name="index-Scaling-images-569"></a><a name="index-Width-of-images-570"></a><a name="index-Height-of-images-571"></a><a name="index-Aspect-ratio-of-images-572"></a><a name="index-Distorting-images-573"></a>The optional <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> arguments to the +<p><a name="index-Images_002c-scaling-591"></a><a name="index-Scaling-images-592"></a><a name="index-Width-of-images-593"></a><a name="index-Height-of-images-594"></a><a name="index-Aspect-ratio-of-images-595"></a><a name="index-Distorting-images-596"></a>The optional <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> arguments to the <code>@image</code> command (see the previous section) specify the size to scale the image to. They are ignored for Info output. If neither is specified, the image is presented in its natural size (given in the @@ -9159,29 +9471,29 @@ file); if only one is specified, the other is scaled proportionately; and if both are specified, both are respected, thus possibly distorting the original image by changing its aspect ratio. - <p><a name="index-Dimensions-and-image-sizes-574"></a>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> may be specified using any valid TeX + <p><a name="index-Dimensions-and-image-sizes-597"></a>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> may be specified using any valid TeX dimension, namely: <dl> -<dt>pt<dd><a name="index-Points-_0028dimension_0029-575"></a>point (72.27pt = 1in) -<br><dt>pc<dd><a name="index-Picas-576"></a>pica (1pc = 12pt) -<br><dt>bp<dd><a name="index-Big-points-577"></a>big point (72bp = 1in) -<br><dt>in<dd><a name="index-Inches-578"></a>inch -<br><dt>cm<dd><a name="index-Centimeters-579"></a>centimeter (2.54cm = 1in) -<br><dt>mm<dd><a name="index-Millimeters-580"></a>millimeter (10mm = 1cm) -<br><dt>dd<dd><a name="index-Did_0040_005eot-points-581"></a>didôt point (1157dd = 1238pt) -<br><dt>cc<dd><a name="index-Ciceros-582"></a>cicero (1cc = 12dd) -<br><dt>sp<dd><a name="index-Scaled-points-583"></a>scaled point (65536sp = 1pt) +<dt>pt<dd><a name="index-Points-_0028dimension_0029-598"></a>point (72.27pt = 1in) +<br><dt>pc<dd><a name="index-Picas-599"></a>pica (1pc = 12pt) +<br><dt>bp<dd><a name="index-Big-points-600"></a>big point (72bp = 1in) +<br><dt>in<dd><a name="index-Inches-601"></a>inch +<br><dt>cm<dd><a name="index-Centimeters-602"></a>centimeter (2.54cm = 1in) +<br><dt>mm<dd><a name="index-Millimeters-603"></a>millimeter (10mm = 1cm) +<br><dt>dd<dd><a name="index-Did_0040_005eot-points-604"></a>didôt point (1157dd = 1238pt) +<br><dt>cc<dd><a name="index-Ciceros-605"></a>cicero (1cc = 12dd) +<br><dt>sp<dd><a name="index-Scaled-points-606"></a>scaled point (65536sp = 1pt) </dl> - <p><a name="index-ridt_002eeps-584"></a>For example, the following will scale a file <span class="file">ridt.eps</span> to one + <p><a name="index-ridt_002eeps-607"></a>For example, the following will scale a file <samp><span class="file">ridt.eps</span></samp> to one inch vertically, with the width scaled proportionately: <pre class="example"> @image{ridt,,1in} </pre> - <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-585"></a>For <code>@image</code> to work with TeX, the file <span class="file">epsf.tex</span> must be + <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-608"></a>For <code>@image</code> to work with TeX, the file <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> must be installed somewhere that TeX can find it. (The standard location is -<var>texmf</var><span class="file">/tex/generic/dvips/epsf.tex</span>, where <var>texmf</var> is a +<samp><var>texmf</var><span class="file">/tex/generic/dvips/epsf.tex</span></samp>, where <var>texmf</var> is a root of your TeX directory tree.) This file is included in the Texinfo distribution and is also available from <a href="ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex">ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex</a>, among other places. @@ -9196,14 +9508,15 @@ any other sort of output. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Footnotes"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Images">Images</a>, +<a name="Footnotes"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Images">Images</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">12.3 Footnotes</h3> -<p><a name="index-Footnotes-586"></a><a name="index-footnote-587"></a> +<p><a name="index-Footnotes-609"></a><a name="index-footnote-610"></a> A <dfn>footnote</dfn> is for a reference that documents or elucidates the primary text.<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-7" name="fnd-7"><sup>7</sup></a> Footnotes are distracting; use them sparingly, if at all. Standard bibliographical references are better @@ -9217,9 +9530,10 @@ throughout. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Footnote-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a>, +<a name="Footnote-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">12.3.1 Footnote Commands</h4> @@ -9243,7 +9557,7 @@ this: footnote.}; in the Texinfo source... </pre> <p>As you can see, the source includes two punctuation marks next to each -other; in this case, <span class="samp">.};</span> is the sequence. This is normal (the +other; in this case, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.};</span></samp>’ is the sequence. This is normal (the first ends the footnote and the second belongs to the sentence being footnoted), so don't worry that it looks odd. @@ -9252,7 +9566,7 @@ small, superscripted number; the text of the footnote appears at the bottom of the page, below a horizontal line. <p>In Info, the reference mark for a footnote is a pair of parentheses -with the footnote number between them, like this: <span class="samp">(1)</span>. The +with the footnote number between them, like this: ‘<samp><span class="samp">(1)</span></samp>’. The reference mark is followed by a cross-reference link to the footnote's text. @@ -9266,9 +9580,10 @@ footnote text. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Footnote-Styles"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Footnote-Commands">Footnote Commands</a>, +<a name="Footnote-Styles"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Footnote-Commands">Footnote Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">12.3.2 Footnote Styles</h4> @@ -9277,31 +9592,31 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a> footnote is located: -<a name="index-_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bEnd_007d_007d-node-footnote-style-588"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bEnd_007d_007d-node-footnote-style-611"></a> <ul><li>In the `End' node style, all the footnotes for a single node are placed at the end of that node. The footnotes are separated from the rest of the node by a line of dashes with the word -<span class="samp">Footnotes</span> within it. Each footnote begins with an -<span class="samp">(</span><var>n</var><span class="samp">)</span> reference mark. +‘<samp><span class="samp">Footnotes</span></samp>’ within it. Each footnote begins with an +‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>n</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’ reference mark. <p class="noindent">Here is an example of a single footnote in the end of node style: <pre class="example"> --------- Footnotes --------- (1) Here is a sample footnote. - </pre> - <p><a name="index-_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bSeparate_007d_007d-footnote-style-589"></a><li>In the `Separate' node style, all the footnotes for a single +</pre> + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bSeparate_007d_007d-footnote-style-612"></a><li>In the `Separate' node style, all the footnotes for a single node are placed in an automatically constructed node of their own. In this style, a “footnote reference” follows -each <span class="samp">(</span><var>n</var><span class="samp">)</span> reference mark in the body of the +each ‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>n</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’ reference mark in the body of the node. The footnote reference is actually a cross reference which you use to reach the footnote node. <p>The name of the node with the footnotes is constructed -by appending <span class="samp">-Footnotes</span><!-- /@w --> to the name of the node +by appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Footnotes</span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> to the name of the node that contains the footnotes. (Consequently, the footnotes' -node for the <span class="file">Footnotes</span> node is -<span class="file">Footnotes-Footnotes</span><!-- /@w -->!) The footnotes' node has an +node for the <samp><span class="file">Footnotes</span></samp> node is +<samp><span class="file">Footnotes-Footnotes</span></samp><!-- /@w -->!) The footnotes' node has an `Up' node pointer that leads back to its parent node. <p class="noindent">Here is how the first footnote in this manual looks after being @@ -9311,17 +9626,17 @@ formatted for Info in the separate node style: (1) The first syllable of "Texinfo" is pronounced like "speck", not "hex". ... - </pre> +</pre> </ul> <p>Unless your document has long and important footnotes (as in, say, -Gibbon's <cite>Decline and Fall <small class="dots">...</small></cite>), we recommend the <span class="samp">end</span> +Gibbon's <cite>Decline and Fall <small class="dots">...</small></cite>), we recommend the ‘<samp><span class="samp">end</span></samp>’ style, as it is simpler for readers to follow. - <p><a name="index-footnotestyle-590"></a>Use the <code>@footnotestyle</code> command to specify an Info file's + <p><a name="index-footnotestyle-613"></a>Use the <code>@footnotestyle</code> command to specify an Info file's footnote style. Write this command at the beginning of a line followed -by an argument, either <span class="samp">end</span> for the end node style or -<span class="samp">separate</span> for the separate node style. +by an argument, either ‘<samp><span class="samp">end</span></samp>’ for the end node style or +‘<samp><span class="samp">separate</span></samp>’ for the separate node style. <p>For example, @@ -9343,15 +9658,16 @@ their default style. Currently, <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> and <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Indices"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a>, +<a name="Indices"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">13 Indices</h2> -<p><a name="index-Indices-591"></a> +<p><a name="index-Indices-614"></a> Using Texinfo, you can generate indices without having to sort and collate entries manually. In an index, the entries are listed in alphabetical order, together with information on how to find the @@ -9378,14 +9694,15 @@ indices. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Index-Entries"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a>, +<a name="Index-Entries"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indices">Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">13.1 Making Index Entries</h3> -<p><a name="index-Index-entries_002c-making-592"></a><a name="index-Entries_002c-making-index-593"></a> +<p><a name="index-Index-entries_002c-making-615"></a><a name="index-Entries_002c-making-index-616"></a> When you are making index entries, it is good practice to think of the different ways people may look for something. Different people <em>do not</em> think of the same words when they look something up. A @@ -9407,10 +9724,11 @@ at the end of a book or creating an index menu in an Info file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Predefined-Indices"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a>, +<a name="Predefined-Indices"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Index-Entries">Index Entries</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indices">Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">13.2 Predefined Indices</h3> @@ -9419,14 +9737,14 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indices">Indices</a> meanings, abbreviations, and the corresponding index entry commands: <dl> -<dt><span class="samp">cp</span><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007bcp_007d-_0028concept_0029-index-594"></a>(<code>@cindex</code>) concept index, for general concepts. -<br><dt><span class="samp">fn</span><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007bfn_007d-_0028function_0029-index-595"></a>(<code>@findex</code>) function index, for function and function-like +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cp</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bcp_007d-_0028concept_0029-index-617"></a>(<code>@cindex</code>) concept index, for general concepts. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fn</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bfn_007d-_0028function_0029-index-618"></a>(<code>@findex</code>) function index, for function and function-like names (such as entry points of libraries). -<br><dt><span class="samp">ky</span><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007bky_007d-_0028keystroke_0029-index-596"></a>(<code>@kindex</code>) keystroke index, for keyboard commands. -<br><dt><span class="samp">pg</span><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007bpg_007d-_0028program_0029-index-597"></a>(<code>@pindex</code>) program index, for names of programs. -<br><dt><span class="samp">tp</span><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007btp_007d-_0028data-type_0029-index-598"></a>(<code>@tindex</code>) data type index, for type names (such as structures +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ky</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bky_007d-_0028keystroke_0029-index-619"></a>(<code>@kindex</code>) keystroke index, for keyboard commands. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pg</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bpg_007d-_0028program_0029-index-620"></a>(<code>@pindex</code>) program index, for names of programs. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">tp</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007btp_007d-_0028data-type_0029-index-621"></a>(<code>@tindex</code>) data type index, for type names (such as structures defined in header files). -<br><dt><span class="samp">vr</span><dd><a name="index-_0040code_007bvr_007d-_0028variable_0029-index-599"></a>(<code>@vindex</code>) variable index, for variable names (such as global +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vr</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bvr_007d-_0028variable_0029-index-622"></a>(<code>@vindex</code>) variable index, for variable names (such as global variables of libraries). </dl> @@ -9456,15 +9774,16 @@ into one output index using the <code>@synindex</code> or <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Indexing-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a>, +<a name="Indexing-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indices">Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">13.3 Defining the Entries of an Index</h3> -<p><a name="index-Defining-indexing-entries-600"></a><a name="index-Index-entries-601"></a><a name="index-Entries-for-an-index-602"></a><a name="index-Specifying-index-entries-603"></a><a name="index-Creating-index-entries-604"></a> +<p><a name="index-Defining-indexing-entries-623"></a><a name="index-Index-entries-624"></a><a name="index-Entries-for-an-index-625"></a><a name="index-Specifying-index-entries-626"></a><a name="index-Creating-index-entries-627"></a> The data to make an index come from many individual indexing commands scattered throughout the Texinfo source file. Each command says to add one entry to a particular index; after formatting, the index will give @@ -9486,7 +9805,7 @@ the concept index: for the concept index, <code>@findex</code> for the function index, and so on, as listed in the previous section. - <p><a name="index-Writing-index-entries-605"></a><a name="index-Index-entry-writing-606"></a>Concept index entries consist of text. The best way to write an index + <p><a name="index-Writing-index-entries-628"></a><a name="index-Index-entry-writing-629"></a>Concept index entries consist of text. The best way to write an index is to choose entries that are terse yet clear. If you can do this, the index often looks better if the entries are not capitalized, but written just as they would appear in the middle of a sentence. @@ -9507,7 +9826,7 @@ command; that would be a spelling error. programming languages, or program names; these names are usually case-sensitive, so use upper and lower case as required for them. - <p><a name="index-Index-font-types-607"></a>By default, entries for a concept index are printed in a small roman + <p><a name="index-Index-font-types-630"></a>By default, entries for a concept index are printed in a small roman font and entries for the other indices are printed in a small <code>@code</code> font. You may change the way part of an entry is printed with the usual Texinfo commands, such as <code>@file</code> for @@ -9523,15 +9842,16 @@ structure of a menu entry. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Combining-Indices"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a>, +<a name="Combining-Indices"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indices">Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">13.4 Combining Indices</h3> -<p><a name="index-Combining-indices-608"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-combining-them-609"></a> +<p><a name="index-Combining-indices-631"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-combining-them-632"></a> Sometimes you will want to combine two disparate indices such as functions and concepts, perhaps because you have few enough entries that a separate index would look silly. @@ -9558,14 +9878,15 @@ would need to enclose every one of them between the braces of <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="syncodeindex"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#synindex">synindex</a>, +<a name="syncodeindex"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#synindex">synindex</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">13.4.1 <code>@syncodeindex</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-syncodeindex-610"></a> +<p><a name="index-syncodeindex-633"></a> When you want to combine functions and concepts into one index, you should index the functions with <code>@findex</code> and index the concepts with <code>@cindex</code>, and use the <code>@syncodeindex</code> command to @@ -9577,15 +9898,15 @@ The template looks like this: <pre class="example"> @syncodeindex <var>from</var> <var>to</var> </pre> - <p><a name="index-Predefined-names-for-indices-611"></a><a name="index-Two-letter-names-for-indices-612"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-two-letter-names-613"></a><a name="index-Names-for-indices-614"></a>For this purpose, the indices are given two-letter names: + <p><a name="index-Predefined-names-for-indices-634"></a><a name="index-Two-letter-names-for-indices-635"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-two-letter-names-636"></a><a name="index-Names-for-indices-637"></a>For this purpose, the indices are given two-letter names: <dl> -<dt><span class="samp">cp</span><dd>concept index -<br><dt><span class="samp">fn</span><dd>function index -<br><dt><span class="samp">vr</span><dd>variable index -<br><dt><span class="samp">ky</span><dd>key index -<br><dt><span class="samp">pg</span><dd>program index -<br><dt><span class="samp">tp</span><dd>data type index +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">cp</span></samp>’<dd>concept index +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fn</span></samp>’<dd>function index +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">vr</span></samp>’<dd>variable index +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">ky</span></samp>’<dd>key index +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">pg</span></samp>’<dd>program index +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">tp</span></samp>’<dd>data type index </dl> <p>Write an <code>@syncodeindex</code> command before or shortly after the @@ -9604,7 +9925,7 @@ index, write the following: <pre class="example"> @syncodeindex vr cp @syncodeindex fn cp </pre> - <p><a name="index-Fonts-for-indices-615"></a>The <code>@syncodeindex</code> command puts all the entries from the `from' + <p><a name="index-Fonts-for-indices-638"></a>The <code>@syncodeindex</code> command puts all the entries from the `from' index (the redirected index) into the <code>@code</code> font, overriding whatever default font is used by the index to which the entries are now directed. This way, if you direct function names from a function @@ -9613,14 +9934,15 @@ index into a concept index, all the function names are printed in the <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="synindex"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a>, +<a name="synindex"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">13.4.2 <code>@synindex</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-synindex-616"></a> +<p><a name="index-synindex-639"></a> The <code>@synindex</code> command is nearly the same as the <code>@syncodeindex</code> command, except that it does not put the `from' index entries into the <code>@code</code> font; rather it puts @@ -9632,14 +9954,15 @@ at the end of a book or creating an index menu in an Info file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="New-Indices"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a>, +<a name="New-Indices"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Indices">Indices</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">13.5 Defining New Indices</h3> -<p><a name="index-Defining-new-indices-617"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-defining-new-618"></a><a name="index-New-index-defining-619"></a><a name="index-defindex-620"></a><a name="index-defcodeindex-621"></a> +<p><a name="index-Defining-new-indices-640"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-defining-new-641"></a><a name="index-New-index-defining-642"></a><a name="index-defindex-643"></a><a name="index-defcodeindex-644"></a> In addition to the predefined indices, you may use the <code>@defindex</code> and <code>@defcodeindex</code> commands to define new indices. These commands create new indexing @-commands with which @@ -9648,29 +9971,29 @@ this: <pre class="example"> @defindex <var>name</var> </pre> - <p>The name of an index should be a two letter word, such as <span class="samp">au</span>. + <p>The name of an index should be a two letter word, such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">au</span></samp>’. For example: <pre class="example"> @defindex au </pre> - <p>This defines a new index, called the <span class="samp">au</span> index. At the same + <p>This defines a new index, called the ‘<samp><span class="samp">au</span></samp>’ index. At the same time, it creates a new indexing command, <code>@auindex</code>, that you can use to make index entries. Use this new indexing command just as you would use a predefined indexing command. <p>For example, here is a section heading followed by a concept index -entry and two <span class="samp">au</span> index entries. +entry and two ‘<samp><span class="samp">au</span></samp>’ index entries. <pre class="example"> @section Cognitive Semantics @cindex kinesthetic image schemas @auindex Johnson, Mark @auindex Lakoff, George </pre> - <p class="noindent">(Evidently, <span class="samp">au</span> serves here as an abbreviation for “author”.) + <p class="noindent">(Evidently, ‘<samp><span class="samp">au</span></samp>’ serves here as an abbreviation for “author”.) <p>In general, Texinfo constructs the new indexing command by -concatenating the name of the index with <span class="samp">index</span>; thus, defining -an <span class="samp">xy</span> index leads to the automatic creation of an +concatenating the name of the index with ‘<samp><span class="samp">index</span></samp>’; thus, defining +an ‘<samp><span class="samp">xy</span></samp>’ index leads to the automatic creation of an <code>@xyindex</code> command. <p>Use the <code>@printindex</code> command to print the index, as you do with @@ -9691,46 +10014,54 @@ Texinfo file, and (of course) before any <code>@synindex</code> or <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Insertions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a>, +<a name="Insertions"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Indices">Indices</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">14 Special Insertions</h2> -<p><a name="index-Inserting-special-characters-and-symbols-622"></a><a name="index-Special-insertions-623"></a> +<p><a name="index-Inserting-special-characters-and-symbols-645"></a><a name="index-Special-insertions-646"></a> Texinfo provides several commands for inserting characters that have special meaning in Texinfo, such as braces, and for other graphic elements that do not correspond to simple characters you can type. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a>: Inserting @ and {} and ,. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>: How to insert the right amount of space +<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a>: Inserting left and right quotes, in code. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>: How to insert the right amount of space within a sentence. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>: How to insert accents and special characters. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>: How to insert dots and bullets. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>: How to insert the TeX logo +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>: How to insert accents and special characters. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>: How to insert quotation marks. +<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>: How to insert dots and bullets. +<li><a accesskey="7" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>: How to insert the TeX logo and the copyright symbol. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#pounds">pounds</a>: How to insert the pounds currency symbol. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#minus">minus</a>: How to insert a minus sign. -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#math">math</a>: How to format a mathematical expression. -<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a>: How to indicate results of evaluation, +<li><a accesskey="8" href="#euro">euro</a>: How to insert the Euro currency symbol. +<li><a accesskey="9" href="#pounds">pounds</a>: How to insert the pounds currency symbol. +<li><a href="#textdegree">textdegree</a>: How to insert the degrees symbol. +<li><a href="#minus">minus</a>: How to insert a minus sign. +<li><a href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a>: How to insert greater/less-than-or-equal signs. +<li><a href="#math">math</a>: How to format a mathematical expression. +<li><a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>: Inserting GUI usage sequences. +<li><a href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a>: How to indicate results of evaluation, expansion of macros, errors, etc. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Atsign-Braces-Comma"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>, +<a name="Atsign-Braces-Comma"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">14.1 Inserting @ and {} and ,</h3> -<p><a name="index-Special-characters_002c-inserting-624"></a><a name="index-Commands-to-insert-special-characters-625"></a> -<span class="samp">@</span> and curly braces are special characters in Texinfo. To insert -these characters so they appear in text, you must put an <span class="samp">@</span> in +<p><a name="index-Special-characters_002c-inserting-647"></a><a name="index-Commands-to-insert-special-characters-648"></a> +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ and curly braces are special characters in Texinfo. To insert +these characters so they appear in text, you must put an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ in front of these characters to prevent Texinfo from misinterpreting them. @@ -9745,49 +10076,52 @@ it separates arguments to commands that take multiple arguments. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Inserting-an-Atsign"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a>, +<a name="Inserting-an-Atsign"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">14.1.1 Inserting `@' with <code>@@</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-626"></a><a name="index-Inserting-_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-627"></a> -<code>@@</code> stands for a single <span class="samp">@</span> in either printed or Info +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-649"></a><a name="index-Inserting-_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-650"></a> +<code>@@</code> stands for a single ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ in either printed or Info output. <p>Do not put braces after an <code>@@</code> command. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Inserting-Braces"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a>, +<a name="Inserting-Braces"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-an-Atsign">Inserting an Atsign</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">14.1.2 Inserting `{' and `}' with <code>@{</code> and <code>@}</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-Braces_002c-inserting-628"></a><a name="index-_0040_007b-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007b_007d_0029_007d-629"></a><a name="index-_0040_007d-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007d_007d_0029_007d-630"></a> -<code>@{</code> stands for a single <span class="samp">{</span> in either printed or Info +<p><a name="index-Braces_002c-inserting-651"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007b_007d_0029_007d-652"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040_007d-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007d_007d_0029_007d-653"></a> +<code>@{</code> stands for a single ‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’ in either printed or Info output. - <p><code>@}</code> stands for a single <span class="samp">}</span> in either printed or Info + <p><code>@}</code> stands for a single ‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ in either printed or Info output. <p>Do not put braces after either an <code>@{</code> or an <code>@}</code> -command.ppp +command. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Inserting-a-Comma"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a>, +<a name="Inserting-a-Comma"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">14.1.3 Inserting `,' with <code>@comma{}</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-Commas_002c-inserting-631"></a><a name="index-comma-632"></a> +<p><a name="index-Commas_002c-inserting-654"></a><a name="index-comma-655"></a> Ordinarily, a comma `,' is a normal character that can be simply typed in your input where you need it. @@ -9797,47 +10131,100 @@ context: some commands, such as <code>@acronym</code> (see <a href="#acronym">ac macros (see <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a>), can take more than one argument. In these cases, the comma character is used to separate arguments. - <p>Since a comma chacter would confuse Texinfo's parsing for these -commands, you must use the command <span class="samp">,</span> instead if you want -to have an actual comma in the output. Here are some examples: + <p>Since a comma character would confuse Texinfo's parsing for these +commands, you must use the command ‘<samp><span class="samp">@comma{}</span></samp>’ instead if you want +to pass an actual comma. Here are some examples: <pre class="example"> @acronym{ABC, A Bizarre @comma{}} @xref{Comma,, The @comma{} symbol} @mymac{One argument@comma{} containing a comma} </pre> - <p>Although , can be used anywhere, there is no need for it + <p>Although , can be used nearly anywhere, there is no need for it anywhere except in this unusual case. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Inserting-Space"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>, +<a name="Inserting-Quote-Characters"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">14.2 Inserting Quote Characters</h3> + +<p><a name="index-Inserting-quote-characters-656"></a><a name="index-Quote-characters_002c-inserting-657"></a> +As explained in the early section on general Texinfo input conventions +(see <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a>), Texinfo source files use the ASCII character +<code>`</code> (96 decimal) to produce a left quote (`), and ASCII <code>'</code> +(39 decimal) to produce a right quote ('). Doubling these input +characters (<code>``</code> and <code>''</code>) produces double quotes (“ and +”). These are the conventions used by TeX. + + <p>This works all right for text. However, in examples of computer code, +readers are especially likely to cut and paste the text +verbatim—and, unfortunately, some document viewers will mangle these +characters. (The free PDF reader <samp><span class="command">xpdf</span></samp> works fine, but other +PDF readers, both free and nonfree, have problems.) + + <p>If this is a concern for your document, Texinfo provides two special +settings via <code>@set</code>: + + <dl> +<dt><code>@set txicodequoteundirected</code><dd>causes the output for the <code>'</code> character to be the undirected +single quote, like this: + + <p><code>'</code>. + + <br><dt><code>@set txicodequotebacktick</code><dd>Cause the output for the <code>`</code> character to be the standalone grave +accent, like this: + + <p><code>`</code>. + + </dl> + + <p><code>xyza`'bc</code> + + <p>If you want these settings for only part of the document, +<code>@clear</code> will restore the normal behavior, as in +<code>@clear txicodequoteundirected</code>. + + <p>These settings affect <code>@code</code>, <code>@example</code>, and +<code>@verbatim</code>; they do not affect <code>@samp</code>. (See <a href="#Useful-Highlighting">Useful Highlighting</a>.) + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Inserting-Space"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.2 Inserting Space</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.3 Inserting Space</h3> -<p><a name="index-Inserting-space-633"></a><a name="index-Spacing_002c-inserting-634"></a>The following sections describe commands that control spacing of various +<p><a name="index-Inserting-space-658"></a><a name="index-Spacing_002c-inserting-659"></a>The following sections describe commands that control spacing of various kinds within and after sentences. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>: Sometimes a . doesn't end a sentence. <li><a accesskey="2" href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>: Sometimes it does. <li><a accesskey="3" href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>: Inserting multiple spaces. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#dmn">dmn</a>: How to format a dimension. +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a>: Specifying end-of-sentence spacing. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#dmn">dmn</a>: How to format a dimension. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Not-Ending-a-Sentence"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>, +<a name="Not-Ending-a-Sentence"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.2.1 Not Ending a Sentence</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.3.1 Not Ending a Sentence</h4> -<p><a name="index-Not-ending-a-sentence-635"></a><a name="index-Sentence-non_002dending-punctuation-636"></a><a name="index-Periods_002c-inserting-637"></a>Depending on whether a period or exclamation point or question mark is +<p><a name="index-Not-ending-a-sentence-660"></a><a name="index-Sentence-non_002dending-punctuation-661"></a><a name="index-Periods_002c-inserting-662"></a>Depending on whether a period or exclamation point or question mark is inside or at the end of a sentence, less or more space is inserted after a period in a typeset manual. Since it is not always possible to determine when a period ends a sentence and when it is used @@ -9847,46 +10234,44 @@ use the special commands; you just enter a period as you would if you were using a typewriter, which means you put two spaces after the period, question mark, or exclamation mark that ends a sentence. - <p><a name="index-_003ccolon_003e-_0040r_007b_0028suppress-end_002dof_002dsentence-space_0029_007d-638"></a>Use the <code>@:</code> command after a period, question mark, + <p><a name="index-g_t_003ccolon_003e-_0040r_007b_0028suppress-end_002dof_002dsentence-space_0029_007d-663"></a>Use the <code>@:</code> command after a period, question mark, exclamation mark, or colon that should not be followed by extra space. For example, use <code>@:</code> after periods that end abbreviations which are not at the ends of sentences. <p>For example, -<pre class="example"> The s.o.p.@: has three parts ... - The s.o.p. has three parts ... +<pre class="example"> foo vs.@: bar + foo vs. bar </pre> <p class="noindent">produces <blockquote> -The s.o.p. has three parts <small class="dots">...</small><br> -The s.o.p. has three parts <small class="dots">...</small> +foo vs. bar <br> +foo vs. bar </blockquote> -<p class="noindent">(Incidentally, <span class="samp">s.o.p.</span> is an abbreviation for “Standard Operating -Procedure”.) - - <p><code>@:</code> has no effect on the Info and HTML output. In Docbook and +<p class="noindent"><code>@:</code> has no effect on the Info and HTML output. In Docbook and XML, the previous punctuation character (.?!:) is output as an entity -instead of as the normal character: <span class="samp">&period; &quest; &excl; -&colon;</span>. This gives further processors a chance to notice and not +instead of as the normal character: ‘<samp><span class="samp">&period; &quest; &excl; +&colon;</span></samp>’. This gives further processors a chance to notice and not add the usual extra space. <p>Do not put braces after <code>@:</code> (or any non-alphabetic command). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Ending-a-Sentence"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>, +<a name="Ending-a-Sentence"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.2.2 Ending a Sentence</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.3.2 Ending a Sentence</h4> -<p><a name="index-Ending-a-Sentence-639"></a><a name="index-Sentence-ending-punctuation-640"></a> -<a name="index-_002e--_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-641"></a><a name="index-_0021-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-642"></a><a name="index-_003f-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-643"></a>Use <code>@.</code> instead of a period, <code>@!</code> instead of an +<p><a name="index-Ending-a-Sentence-664"></a><a name="index-Sentence-ending-punctuation-665"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_002e--_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-666"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-667"></a><a name="index-g_t_003f-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-668"></a>Use <code>@.</code> instead of a period, <code>@!</code> instead of an exclamation point, and <code>@?</code> instead of a question mark at the end of a sentence that ends with a capital letter. Otherwise, TeX will think the letter is an abbreviation and will not insert the correct @@ -9903,24 +10288,25 @@ Give it to M.I.B. and to M.E.W. Also, give it to R.J.C. </blockquote> <p>In the Info file output, <code>@.</code> is equivalent to a simple -<span class="samp">.</span>; likewise for <code>@!</code> and <code>@?</code>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’; likewise for <code>@!</code> and <code>@?</code>. <p>The meanings of <code>@:</code> and <code>@.</code> in Texinfo are designed to -work well with the Emacs sentence motion commands (see <a href="emacs.html#Sentences">Sentences (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>). +work well with the Emacs sentence motion commands (see <a href="emacs.html#Sentences">Sentences</a>). <p>Do not put braces after any of these commands. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Multiple-Spaces"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dmn">dmn</a>, +<a name="Multiple-Spaces"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.2.3 Multiple Spaces</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.3.3 Multiple Spaces</h4> -<p><a name="index-Multiple-spaces-644"></a><a name="index-Whitespace_002c-inserting-645"></a><a name="index-Space_002c-inserting-horizontal-646"></a><a name="index-_003cspace_003e-647"></a><a name="index-_003ctab_003e-648"></a><a name="index-_003cnewline_003e-649"></a> +<p><a name="index-Multiple-spaces-669"></a><a name="index-Whitespace_002c-inserting-670"></a><a name="index-Space_002c-inserting-horizontal-671"></a><a name="index-g_t_003cspace_003e-672"></a><a name="index-g_t_003ctab_003e-673"></a><a name="index-g_t_003cnewline_003e-674"></a> Ordinarily, TeX collapses multiple whitespace characters (space, tab, and newline) into a single space. Info output, on the other hand, preserves whitespace as you type it, except for changing a newline into @@ -9933,9 +10319,9 @@ multiple spaces as input), or merely for purposes of appearance in headings or lists. Texinfo supports three commands: <code>@</code><kbd>SPACE</kbd>, <code>@</code><kbd>TAB</kbd>, and <code>@</code><kbd>NL</kbd>, all of which insert a single space into the output. (Here, -<code>@</code><kbd>SPACE</kbd> represents an <span class="samp">@</span> character followed by a -space, i.e., <span class="samp">@ </span>, and <kbd>TAB</kbd> and <kbd>NL</kbd> represent the tab -character and end-of-line, i.e., when <span class="samp">@</span> is the last character on +<code>@</code><kbd>SPACE</kbd> represents an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ character followed by a +space, i.e., ‘<samp><span class="samp">@ </span></samp>’, and <kbd>TAB</kbd> and <kbd>NL</kbd> represent the tab +character and end-of-line, i.e., when ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is the last character on a line.) <p>For example, @@ -9955,16 +10341,77 @@ a line.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="dmn"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>, +<a name="frenchspacing"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dmn">dmn</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a> + +</div> + +<h4 class="subsection">14.3.4 <code>@frenchspacing</code> <var>val</var>: Control sentence spacing</h4> + +<p><a name="index-frenchspacing-675"></a><a name="index-French-spacing-676"></a><a name="index-Sentences_002c-spacing-after-677"></a><a name="index-Space_002c-after-sentences-678"></a> +In American typography, it is traditional and correct to put extra +space at the end of a sentence, after a semi-colon, and so on. This +is the default in Texinfo. In French typography (and many others), +this extra space is wrong; all spaces are uniform. + + <p>Therefore Texinfo provides the <code>@frenchspacing</code> command to +control the spacing after punctuation. It reads the rest of the line +as its argument, which must be the single word ‘<samp><span class="samp">on</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">off</span></samp>’ +(always these words, regardless of the language) of the document. +Here is an example: + +<pre class="example"> @frenchspacing on + This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. French spacing. + + @frenchspacing off + This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. Non-French spacing. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">produces (there will be no difference in Info): + + <p>This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. French spacing. + + <p>This is text. Two sentences. Three sentences. Non-French spacing. + + <p><code>@frenchspacing</code> mainly affects the printed output, including +the output after <code>@.</code>, <code>@!</code>, and <code>@?</code> (see <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>). + + <p>In Info, usually space characters in the input are written unaltered +to the output, and <code>@frenchspacing</code> does not change this. It +does change the one case where <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> outputs a space on +its own: when a sentence ends at a newline in the source. Here's an +example: + +<pre class="example"> Some sentence. + Next sentence. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">produces in Info output, with <code>@frenchspacing off</code> +(the default), two spaces between the sentences: + +<pre class="example"> Some sentence. Next sentence. +</pre> + <p class="noindent">With <code>@frenchspacing on</code>, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> outputs +only a single space: + +<pre class="example"> Some sentence. Next sentence. +</pre> + <p><code>@frenchspacing</code> has no effect on the HTML or Docbook output; +for XML, it outputs a transliteration of itself (see <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>). + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="dmn"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.2.4 <code>@dmn</code>{<var>dimension</var>}: Format a Dimension</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.3.5 <code>@dmn</code>{<var>dimension</var>}: Format a Dimension</h4> -<p><a name="index-Thin-space-between-number_002c-dimension-650"></a><a name="index-Dimension-formatting-651"></a><a name="index-Format-a-dimension-652"></a><a name="index-dmn-653"></a> -At times, you may want to write <span class="samp">12pt</span> or -<span class="samp">8.5in</span> with little or no space between the number and the +<p><a name="index-Thin-space-between-number_002c-dimension-679"></a><a name="index-Dimension-formatting-680"></a><a name="index-Format-a-dimension-681"></a><a name="index-dmn-682"></a> +At times, you may want to write ‘<samp><span class="samp">12pt</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>’ with little or no space between the number and the abbreviation for the dimension. You can use the <code>@dmn</code> command to do this. On seeing the command, TeX inserts just enough space for proper typesetting; the Info formatting commands insert no space @@ -9982,25 +10429,26 @@ the dimension within braces. For example, A4 paper is 8.27<span class="dmn">in</span> wide. </blockquote> - <p>Not everyone uses this style. Some people prefer <span class="samp">8.27 in.@:</span><!-- /@w --> -or <span class="samp">8.27 inches</span><!-- /@w --> to <span class="samp">8.27@dmn{in}</span> in the Texinfo file. + <p>Not everyone uses this style. Some people prefer ‘<samp><span class="samp">8.27 in.@:</span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> +or ‘<samp><span class="samp">8.27 inches</span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">8.27@dmn{in}</span></samp>’ in the Texinfo file. In these cases, however, the formatters may insert a line break between the number and the dimension, so use <code>@w</code> (see <a href="#w">w</a>). Also, if you write a period after an abbreviation within a sentence, you should -write <span class="samp">@:</span> after the period to prevent TeX from inserting extra +write ‘<samp><span class="samp">@:</span></samp>’ after the period to prevent TeX from inserting extra whitespace, as shown here. See <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Inserting-Accents"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>, +<a name="Inserting-Accents"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.3 Inserting Accents</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.4 Inserting Accents</h3> -<p><a name="index-Inserting-accents-654"></a><a name="index-Accents_002c-inserting-655"></a><a name="index-Floating-accents_002c-inserting-656"></a> +<p><a name="index-Inserting-accents-683"></a><a name="index-Accents_002c-inserting-684"></a><a name="index-Floating-accents_002c-inserting-685"></a> Here is a table with the commands Texinfo provides for inserting floating accents. The commands with non-alphabetic names do not take braces around their argument (which is taken to be the next character). @@ -10008,13 +10456,14 @@ braces around their argument (which is taken to be the next character). This is so as to make the source as convenient to type and read as possible, since accented characters are very common in some languages. - <p>To get the true accented characters output in Info, and not just the -ASCII transliterations, you can use the <span class="option">--enable-encoding</span> -option to <span class="command">makeinfo</span> (see <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a>). + <p><a name="index-documentencoding-686"></a>To get the true accented characters output in Info, and not just the +ASCII transliterations, it is necessary to specify +<code>@documentencoding</code> with an encoding which supports the required +characters (see <a href="#documentencoding"><code>@documentencoding</code></a>). - <p><a name="index-_0022-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-657"></a><a name="index-Umlaut-accent-658"></a><a name="index-_0027-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-659"></a><a name="index-Acute-accent-660"></a><a name="index-_003d-_0040r_007b_0028macron-accent_0029_007d-661"></a><a name="index-Macron-accent-662"></a><a name="index-_005e-_0040r_007b_0028circumflex-accent_0029_007d-663"></a><a name="index-Circumflex-accent-664"></a><a name="index-_0060-_0040r_007b_0028grave-accent_0029_007d-665"></a><a name="index-Grave-accent-666"></a><a name="index-_007e-_0040r_007b_0028tilde-accent_0029_007d-667"></a><a name="index-Tilde-accent-668"></a><a name="index-_002c-_0040r_007b_0028cedilla-accent_0029_007d-669"></a><a name="index-Cedilla-accent-670"></a><a name="index-dotaccent-671"></a><a name="index-Dot-accent-672"></a><a name="index-H-_0040r_007b_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029_007d-673"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-accent-674"></a><a name="index-ringaccent-675"></a><a name="index-Ring-accent-676"></a><a name="index-tieaccent-677"></a><a name="index-Tie_002dafter-accent-678"></a><a name="index-u-_0040r_007b_0028breve-accent_0029_007d-679"></a><a name="index-Breve-accent-680"></a><a name="index-ubaraccent-681"></a><a name="index-Underbar-accent-682"></a><a name="index-udotaccent-683"></a><a name="index-Underdot-accent-684"></a><a name="index-v-_0040r_007b_0028check-accent_0029_007d-685"></a><a name="index-Hacek-accent-686"></a><a name="index-Check-accent-687"></a><a name="index-Caron-accent-688"></a> - <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top">Command </td><td valign="top">Output </td><td valign="top">What -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@"o</tt> </td><td valign="top">ö </td><td valign="top">umlaut accent + <p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-687"></a><a name="index-Umlaut-accent-688"></a><a name="index-g_t_0027-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-689"></a><a name="index-Acute-accent-690"></a><a name="index-g_t_003d-_0040r_007b_0028macron-accent_0029_007d-691"></a><a name="index-Macron-accent-692"></a><a name="index-g_t_005e-_0040r_007b_0028circumflex-accent_0029_007d-693"></a><a name="index-Circumflex-accent-694"></a><a name="index-g_t_0060-_0040r_007b_0028grave-accent_0029_007d-695"></a><a name="index-Grave-accent-696"></a><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007b_0028tilde-accent_0029_007d-697"></a><a name="index-Tilde-accent-698"></a><a name="index-g_t_002c-_0040r_007b_0028cedilla-accent_0029_007d-699"></a><a name="index-Cedilla-accent-700"></a><a name="index-dotaccent-701"></a><a name="index-Dot-accent-702"></a><a name="index-H-_0040r_007b_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029_007d-703"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-accent-704"></a><a name="index-ringaccent-705"></a><a name="index-Ring-accent-706"></a><a name="index-tieaccent-707"></a><a name="index-Tie_002dafter-accent-708"></a><a name="index-u-_0040r_007b_0028breve-accent_0029_007d-709"></a><a name="index-Breve-accent-710"></a><a name="index-ubaraccent-711"></a><a name="index-Underbar-accent-712"></a><a name="index-udotaccent-713"></a><a name="index-Underdot-accent-714"></a><a name="index-v-_0040r_007b_0028check-accent_0029_007d-715"></a><a name="index-Hacek-accent-716"></a><a name="index-Check-accent-717"></a><a name="index-Caron-accent-718"></a> + <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><th valign="top">Command </th><th valign="top">Output </th><th valign="top">What +<br></th></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@"o</tt> </td><td valign="top">ö </td><td valign="top">umlaut accent <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@'o</tt> </td><td valign="top">ó </td><td valign="top">acute accent <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@,{c}</tt> </td><td valign="top">ç </td><td valign="top">cedilla accent <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@=o</tt> </td><td valign="top">o¯ </td><td valign="top">macron/overbar accent @@ -10034,7 +10483,7 @@ option to <span class="command">makeinfo</span> (see <a href="#makeinfo-options" <p>This table lists the Texinfo commands for inserting other characters commonly used in languages other than English. - <p><a name="index-questiondown-689"></a><a name="index-_0040questiondown_007b_007d-690"></a><a name="index-exclamdown-691"></a><a name="index-_0040exclamdown_007b_007d-692"></a><a name="index-aa-693"></a><a name="index-_0040aa_007b_007d-694"></a><a name="index-AA-695"></a><a name="index-_0040AA_007b_007d-696"></a><a name="index-ae-697"></a><a name="index-_0040ae_007b_007d-698"></a><a name="index-AE-699"></a><a name="index-_0040AE_007b_007d-700"></a><a name="index-dotless-701"></a><a name="index-_0040dotless_007bi_007d-_0028dotless-i_0029-702"></a><a name="index-_0040dotless_007bj_007d-_0028dotless-j_0029-703"></a><a name="index-Dotless-i_002c-j-704"></a><a name="index-l-705"></a><a name="index-_0040l_007b_007d-706"></a><a name="index-L-707"></a><a name="index-_0040L_007b_007d-708"></a><a name="index-o-709"></a><a name="index-_0040o_007b_007d-710"></a><a name="index-O-711"></a><a name="index-_0040O_007b_007d-712"></a><a name="index-oe-713"></a><a name="index-_0040oe_007b_007d-714"></a><a name="index-OE-715"></a><a name="index-_0040OE_007b_007d-716"></a><a name="index-Romance-ordinals-717"></a><a name="index-Ordinals_002c-Romance-718"></a><a name="index-Feminine-ordinal-719"></a><a name="index-ordf-720"></a><a name="index-_0040ordf_007b_007d-721"></a><a name="index-Masculine-ordinal-722"></a><a name="index-ordm-723"></a><a name="index-_0040ordm_007b_007d-724"></a><a name="index-ss-725"></a><a name="index-_0040ss_007b_007d-726"></a><a name="index-Es_002dzet-727"></a><a name="index-Sharp-S-728"></a><a name="index-German-S-729"></a> + <p><a name="index-questiondown-719"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040questiondown_007b_007d-720"></a><a name="index-exclamdown-721"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040exclamdown_007b_007d-722"></a><a name="index-aa-723"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040aa_007b_007d-724"></a><a name="index-AA-725"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040AA_007b_007d-726"></a><a name="index-ae-727"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040ae_007b_007d-728"></a><a name="index-AE-729"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040AE_007b_007d-730"></a><a name="index-dotless-731"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040dotless_007bi_007d-_0028dotless-i_0029-732"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040dotless_007bj_007d-_0028dotless-j_0029-733"></a><a name="index-Dotless-i_002c-j-734"></a><a name="index-l-735"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040l_007b_007d-736"></a><a name="index-L-737"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040L_007b_007d-738"></a><a name="index-o-739"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040o_007b_007d-740"></a><a name="index-O-741"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040O_007b_007d-742"></a><a name="index-oe-743"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040oe_007b_007d-744"></a><a name="index-OE-745"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040OE_007b_007d-746"></a><a name="index-Romance-ordinals-747"></a><a name="index-Ordinals_002c-Romance-748"></a><a name="index-Feminine-ordinal-749"></a><a name="index-ordf-750"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040ordf_007b_007d-751"></a><a name="index-Masculine-ordinal-752"></a><a name="index-ordm-753"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040ordm_007b_007d-754"></a><a name="index-ss-755"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040ss_007b_007d-756"></a><a name="index-Es_002dzet-757"></a><a name="index-Sharp-S-758"></a><a name="index-German-S-759"></a> <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@exclamdown{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">¡ </td><td valign="top">upside-down ! <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@questiondown{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">¿ </td><td valign="top">upside-down ? <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@aa{} @AA{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">å Å </td><td valign="top">a,A with circle @@ -10050,19 +10499,108 @@ commonly used in languages other than English. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Dots-Bullets"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>, +<a name="Inserting-Quotation-Marks"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.4 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.5 Inserting Quotation Marks</h3> + +<p><a name="index-Inserting-quotation-marks-760"></a><a name="index-Quotation-marks_002c-inserting-761"></a> +<a name="index-Quotation-characters-_0028_0060_0027_0029_002c-in-source-762"></a>Use doubled single-quote characters to begin and end quotations: +<tt>`<!-- /@w -->`<small class="dots">...</small>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt><!-- /@w -->. TeX converts two single quotes to +left- and right-hand doubled quotation marks, +<!-- this comes out as "like this" in Info, which is just confusing. --> +and Info converts doubled single-quote characters to ASCII +double-quotes: <tt>`<!-- /@w -->`<small class="dots">...</small>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt><!-- /@w --> becomes <tt>"<small class="dots">...</small>"</tt><!-- /@w -->. + + <p>You may occasionally need to produce two consecutive single quotes; +for example, in documenting a computer language such as Maxima where +<tt>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt> is a valid command. You can do this with the input +<tt>'@w{}'</tt>; the empty <code>@w</code> command stops the combination into +the double-quote characters. + + <p><a name="index-Unicode-quotation-characters-763"></a><a name="index-Grave-accent_002c-vs_002e-left-quote-764"></a>The left quote character (<tt>`</tt>, ASCII code 96) used in Texinfo is a +grave accent in ANSI and ISO character set standards. We use it as a +quote character because that is how TeX is set up, by default. + + <p>Texinfo supports several other quotation marks used in languages other +than English. Below is a table with the commands Texinfo provides for +inserting quotation marks. + + <p><a name="index-documentencoding-765"></a><a name="index-UTF_002d8-766"></a><a name="index-ISO-8859_002d15-767"></a><a name="index-Latin-9-768"></a><a name="index-ISO-8859_002d1-769"></a><a name="index-Latin-1-770"></a>In order to get the symbols for the quotation marks in encoded Info +output, it is necessary to specify <code>@documentencoding UTF-8</code>. +(See <a href="#documentencoding"><code>@documentencoding</code></a>.) Double +guillemets are also present in ISO 8859-1 (aka Latin 1) and ISO +8859-15 (aka Latin 9). + + <p><a name="index-European-Computer-Modern-fonts-771"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts-772"></a>The standard TeX fonts support the usual quotation marks used in +English (the ones produced with single and doubled ASCII +single-quotes). For the other quotation marks, TeX uses European +Computer Modern (EC) fonts (<samp><span class="file">ecrm1000</span></samp> and other variants). +These fonts are freely available, of course; you can download them +from <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ec">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ec</a>, among other +places. + + <p><a name="index-CM_002dSuper-fonts-773"></a>The free EC fonts are bitmap fonts created with Metafont. Especially +for on-line viewing, Type 1 (vector) versions of the fonts are +preferable; these are available in the CM-Super font package +(<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super</a>). + + <p>Both distributions include installation instructions. + + <p><a name="index-Single-quotation-marks-774"></a><a name="index-Double-quotation-marks-775"></a><a name="index-Left-quotation-marks-776"></a><a name="index-Right-quotation-marks-777"></a><a name="index-quotedblleft-778"></a><a name="index-g_t_0060_0060-779"></a><a name="index-quoteleft-780"></a><a name="index-g_t_0060-781"></a><a name="index-quotedblright-782"></a><a name="index-g_t_0027_0027-783"></a><a name="index-quoteright-784"></a><a name="index-g_t_0027-785"></a><a name="index-Double-low_002d9-quotation-mark-786"></a><a name="index-Single-low_002d9-quotation-mark-787"></a><a name="index-quotedblbase-788"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040quotedblbase_007b_007d-_0028double-low_002d9-quotation-mark_0029-789"></a><a name="index-quotesinglbase-790"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040quotesinglbase_007b_007d-_0028single-low_002d9-quotation-mark_0029-791"></a><a name="index-Angle-quotation-marks-792"></a><a name="index-Guillemets-793"></a><a name="index-Guillemots-794"></a><a name="index-French-quotation-marks-795"></a><a name="index-Quotation-marks_002c-French-796"></a><a name="index-German-quotation-marks-797"></a><a name="index-Quotation-marks_002c-German-798"></a><a name="index-Double-guillemets-799"></a><a name="index-Single-guillemets-800"></a><a name="index-Double-angle-quotation-marks-801"></a><a name="index-Single-angle-quotation-marks-802"></a><a name="index-Left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-marks-803"></a><a name="index-Right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-marks-804"></a><a name="index-Double-left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-805"></a><a name="index-Double-right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-806"></a><a name="index-Single-left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-807"></a><a name="index-Single-right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-808"></a><a name="index-guillemetleft-809"></a><a name="index-guillemotleft-810"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040guillemetleft_007b_007d-811"></a><a name="index-guillemetright-812"></a><a name="index-guillemotright-813"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040guillemetright_007b_007d-814"></a><a name="index-guilsinglleft-815"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040guilsinglleft_007b_007d-816"></a><a name="index-guilsinglright-817"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040guilsinglright_007b_007d-818"></a> + <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><th valign="top">Command </th><th valign="top">Glyph </th><th valign="top">Unicode name (point) +<br></th></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@quotedblleft{} ``</tt> </td><td valign="top">“ </td><td valign="top">Left double quotation mark (U+201C) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@quotedblright{} ''</tt> </td><td valign="top">” </td><td valign="top">Right double quotation mark (U+201D) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@quoteleft{} `</tt> </td><td valign="top">‘ </td><td valign="top">Left single quotation mark (U+2018) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@quoteright{} '</tt> </td><td valign="top">’ </td><td valign="top">Right single quotation mark (U+2019) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@quotedblbase{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">„ </td><td valign="top">Double low-9 quotation mark (U+201E) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@quotesinglbase{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">‚ </td><td valign="top">Single low-9 quotation mark (U+201A) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@guillemetleft{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">« </td><td valign="top">Left-pointing double angle quotation mark (U+00AB) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@guillemetright{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">» </td><td valign="top">Right-pointing double angle quotation mark (U+00BB) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@guilsinglleft{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">‹ </td><td valign="top">Single left-pointing angle quotation mark (U+2039) +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top"><tt>@guilsinglright{}</tt> </td><td valign="top">› </td><td valign="top">Single right-pointing angle quotation mark (U+203A) + <br></td></tr></table> -<p><a name="index-Dots_002c-inserting-730"></a><a name="index-Bullets_002c-inserting-731"></a><a name="index-Ellipsis_002c-inserting-732"></a><a name="index-Inserting-ellipsis-733"></a><a name="index-Inserting-dots-734"></a><a name="index-Special-typesetting-commands-735"></a><a name="index-Typesetting-commands-for-dots_002c-etc_002e-736"></a> + <p>For the double angle quotation marks, Adobe and LaTeX glyph names +are also supported: <code>@guillemotleft</code> and +<code>@guillemotright</code>. These names are actually incorrect; a +“guillemot” is a bird species (a type of auk). + + <p>Traditions for quotation mark usage vary to a great extent between +languages (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark%2C_non-English_usage#Overview">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark%2C_non-English_usage#Overview</a>). +Texinfo does not provide commands for typesetting quotation marks +according to the numerous traditions. Therefore, you have to choose +the commands appropriate for the language of your manual. Sometimes +aliases (see <a href="#alias"><code>@alias</code></a>) can simplify the usage and +make the source code more readable. For example, in German, +<code>@quotedblbase</code> is used for the left double quote, and the right +double quote is actually <code>@quotedblleft</code>, which is +counter-intuitive. Thus, in this case the following aliases would be +convenient: + +<pre class="example"> @alias lgqq = quotedblbase + @alias rgqq = quotedblleft +</pre> + <div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Dots-Bullets"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">14.6 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets</h3> + +<p><a name="index-Dots_002c-inserting-819"></a><a name="index-Bullets_002c-inserting-820"></a><a name="index-Ellipsis_002c-inserting-821"></a><a name="index-Inserting-ellipsis-822"></a><a name="index-Inserting-dots-823"></a><a name="index-Special-typesetting-commands-824"></a><a name="index-Typesetting-commands-for-dots_002c-etc_002e-825"></a> An <dfn>ellipsis</dfn> (a line of dots) is not typeset as a string of periods, so a special command is used for ellipsis in Texinfo. The <code>@bullet</code> command is special, too. Each of these commands is -followed by a pair of braces, <span class="samp">{}</span>, without any whitespace +followed by a pair of braces, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’, without any whitespace between the name of the command and the braces. (You need to use braces with these commands because you can use them next to other text; without the braces, the formatters would be confused. See <a href="#Command-Syntax">@-Command Syntax</a>, for further information.) @@ -10074,14 +10612,15 @@ the braces, the formatters would be confused. See <a href="#Command-Syntax">@-C <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="dots"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#bullet">bullet</a>, +<a name="dots"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#bullet">bullet</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.4.1 <code>@dots</code>{} (<small class="dots">...</small>) and <code>@enddots</code>{} (<small class="enddots">....</small>)</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.6.1 <code>@dots</code>{} (<small class="dots">...</small>) and <code>@enddots</code>{} (<small class="enddots">...</small>)</h4> -<p><a name="index-dots-737"></a><a name="index-enddots-738"></a><a name="index-Inserting-dots-739"></a><a name="index-Dots_002c-inserting-740"></a> +<p><a name="index-dots-826"></a><a name="index-enddots-827"></a><a name="index-Inserting-dots-828"></a><a name="index-Dots_002c-inserting-829"></a> Use the <code>@dots{}</code> command to generate an ellipsis, which is three dots in a row, appropriately spaced <small class="dots">...</small> like so. Do not simply write three periods in the input file; that would work for @@ -10090,18 +10629,19 @@ between the periods in the printed manual. <p>Similarly, the <code>@enddots{}</code> command generates an end-of-sentence ellipsis, which has different spacing afterwards, -<small class="enddots">....</small> Look closely to see the difference. +<small class="enddots">...</small> Look closely to see the difference. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="bullet"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dots">dots</a>, +<a name="bullet"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dots">dots</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.4.2 <code>@bullet</code>{} (•)</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.6.2 <code>@bullet</code>{} (•)</h4> -<p><a name="index-bullet-741"></a> +<p><a name="index-bullet-830"></a> Use the <code>@bullet{}</code> command to generate a large round dot, or the closest possible thing to one. In Info, an asterisk is used. @@ -10113,18 +10653,19 @@ type the braces, because <code>@itemize</code> supplies them. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="TeX-and-copyright"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pounds">pounds</a>, +<a name="TeX-and-copyright"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#euro">euro</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.5 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: ©, ®</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.7 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: ©, ®</h3> <p>The logo `TeX' is typeset in a special fashion and it needs an @-command. The copyright and registered symbols, `©' and `®', is also special. Each of these commands is -followed by a pair of braces, <span class="samp">{}</span>, without any whitespace +followed by a pair of braces, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’, without any whitespace between the name of the command and the braces. <ul class="menu"> @@ -10135,22 +10676,23 @@ between the name of the command and the braces. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="tex"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>, +<a name="tex"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.5.1 <code>@TeX</code>{} (TeX) and <code>@LaTeX</code>{} (LaTeX)</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.7.1 <code>@TeX</code>{} (TeX) and <code>@LaTeX</code>{} (LaTeX)</h4> -<p><a name="index-TeX-742"></a><a name="index-LaTeX-743"></a> +<p><a name="index-TeX-831"></a><a name="index-LaTeX-832"></a><a name="index-Logos_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d-833"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-logo-834"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-logo-835"></a> Use the <code>@TeX{}</code> command to generate `TeX'. In a printed manual, this is a special logo that is different from three ordinary -letters. In Info, it just looks like <span class="samp">TeX</span>. +letters. In Info, it just looks like ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX</span></samp>’. <p>Similarly, use the <code>@LaTeX{}</code> command to generate `LaTeX', which is even more special in printed manuals (and different from the incorrect <code>La@TeX{}</code>. In Info, the result is just -<span class="samp">LaTeX</span>. (LaTeX is another macro package built on top of +‘<samp><span class="samp">LaTeX</span></samp>’. (LaTeX is another macro package built on top of TeX, very loosely analogous to Texinfo in that it emphasizes logical structure, but much (much) larger.) @@ -10159,68 +10701,125 @@ that they use both uppercase and lowercase letters. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="copyright-symbol"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>, +<a name="copyright-symbol"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tex">tex</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.5.2 <code>@copyright{}</code> (©)</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.7.2 <code>@copyright{}</code> (©)</h4> -<p><a name="index-copyright-744"></a> +<p><a name="index-copyright-836"></a><a name="index-Copyright-symbol-837"></a> Use the <code>@copyright{}</code> command to generate the copyright -symbol, `©'. Where possible, this is a <span class="samp">c</span> -inside a circle; in Info, this is <span class="samp">(C)</span>. +symbol, `©'. Where possible, this is a ‘<samp><span class="samp">c</span></samp>’ +inside a circle; in Info, this is ‘<samp><span class="samp">(C)</span></samp>’. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="registered-symbol"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>, +<a name="registered-symbol"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.5.3 <code>@registeredsymbol{}</code> (®)</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.7.3 <code>@registeredsymbol{}</code> (®)</h4> -<p><a name="index-registeredsymbol-745"></a> +<p><a name="index-registeredsymbol-838"></a><a name="index-Registered-symbol-839"></a> Use the <code>@registeredsymbol{}</code> command to generate the registered symbol, `®'. Where possible, this is an -<span class="samp">R</span> inside a circle; in Info, this is <span class="samp">(R)</span>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>’ inside a circle; in Info, this is ‘<samp><span class="samp">(R)</span></samp>’. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="pounds"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#minus">minus</a>, +<a name="euro"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pounds">pounds</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">14.8 <code>@euro</code>{} (€): Euro Currency Symbol</h3> + +<p><a name="index-euro-840"></a><a name="index-Euro-symbol-841"></a> +Use the <code>@euro{}</code> command to generate `€'. Where +possible, this is the symbol for the Euro currency, invented as part +of the European economic unification. In plain Info, it is the word +‘<samp><span class="samp">Euro </span></samp>’. A trailing space is included in the text +transliteration since typically no space is desired after the symbol, +so it would be inappropriate to have a space in the source document. + + <p>Texinfo cannot magically synthesize support for the Euro symbol where +the underlying system (fonts, software, whatever) does not support +it. Therefore, in many cases it is preferable to use the word +“Euro”. (In banking circles, the abbreviation for the Euro is EUR.) + + <p><a name="index-ISO-8859_002d15-842"></a><a name="index-Latin-9-843"></a>In order to get the Euro symbol in encoded Info output, for example, +it is necessary to specify <code>@documentencoding ISO-8859-15</code>. +(See <a href="#documentencoding"><code>@documentencoding</code></a>.) The Euro symbol +is in ISO 8859-15 (aka Latin 9), and is <em>not</em> in the more +widely-used and supported ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1). + + <p><a name="index-feymr10-844"></a><a name="index-Euro-font-845"></a>The Euro symbol does not exist in the standard TeX fonts (which +were designed before the Euro was legislated into existence). +Therefore, TeX uses an additional font, named <code>feymr10</code> (along +with other variables). It is freely available, of course; you can +download it from <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/eurosym">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/eurosym</a>, +among other places. The distribution includes installation +instructions. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="pounds"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#textdegree">textdegree</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#euro">euro</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.6 <code>@pounds</code>{} (£): Pounds Sterling</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.9 <code>@pounds</code>{} (£): Pounds Sterling</h3> -<p><a name="index-pounds-746"></a> -Use the <code>@pounds{}</code> command to generate `£'. In a -printed manual, this is the symbol for the currency pounds sterling. -In Info, it is a <span class="samp">#</span>. Other currency symbols are unfortunately not -available. +<p><a name="index-pounds-846"></a><a name="index-Pounds-symbol-847"></a> +Use the <code>@pounds{}</code> command to generate `£'. Where +possible, this is the symbol for the currency pounds sterling. In +Info, it is a ‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="minus"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#math">math</a>, +<a name="textdegree"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#minus">minus</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pounds">pounds</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.7 <code>@minus</code>{} (−): Inserting a Minus Sign</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.10 <code>@textdegree</code>{} (°): Degrees Symbol</h3> + +<p><a name="index-textdegree-848"></a><a name="index-Degree-symbol-849"></a> +Use the <code>@textdegree{}</code> command to generate `°'. +Where possible, this is the normal symbol for degrees. In plain text +and Info output, it is an ‘<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>’. -<p><a name="index-minus-747"></a> -<a name="index-Em-dash_002c-compared-to-minus-sign-748"></a><a name="index-Hyphen_002c-compared-to-minus-749"></a>Use the <code>@minus{}</code> command to generate a minus sign. In a +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="minus"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#textdegree">textdegree</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">14.11 <code>@minus</code>{} (−): Inserting a Minus Sign</h3> + +<p><a name="index-minus-850"></a><a name="index-Minus-sign-851"></a> +<a name="index-Em-dash_002c-compared-to-minus-sign-852"></a><a name="index-Hyphen_002c-compared-to-minus-853"></a>Use the <code>@minus{}</code> command to generate a minus sign. In a fixed-width font, this is a single hyphen, but in a proportional font, the symbol is the customary length for a minus sign—a little longer than a hyphen, shorter than an em-dash: -<pre class="display"> <span class="samp">−</span> is a minus sign generated with <span class="samp">@minus{}</span>, +<pre class="display"> ‘<samp><span class="samp">−</span></samp>’ is a minus sign generated with ‘<samp><span class="samp">@minus{}</span></samp>’, - `-' is a hyphen generated with the character <span class="samp">-</span>, + `-' is a hyphen generated with the character ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, `—' is an em-dash for text. </pre> @@ -10237,15 +10836,33 @@ an itemized list, you do not need to type the braces <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="math"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a>, +<a name="geq-leq"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#math">math</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#minus">minus</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">14.12 <code>@geq{}</code> (≥) and <code>@leq{}</code> (≤): Inserting relations</h3> + +<p><a name="index-geq-854"></a><a name="index-leq-855"></a> +Use the <code>@geq{}</code> and <code>@geq{}</code> commands to generate +greater-than-or-equal and less-than-equal-signs, `≥' and +`≤'. In plain text and Info output, these are the ASCII +sequences ‘<samp><span class="samp">>=</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp"><=</span></samp>’. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="math"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.8 <code>@math</code>: Inserting Mathematical Expressions</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.13 <code>@math</code>: Inserting Mathematical Expressions</h3> -<p><a name="index-math-750"></a><a name="index-Mathematical-expressions-751"></a><a name="index-Formulas_002c-mathematical-752"></a> +<p><a name="index-math-856"></a><a name="index-Mathematical-expressions-857"></a><a name="index-Formulas_002c-mathematical-858"></a> You can write a short mathematical expression with the <code>@math</code> command. Write the mathematical expression between braces, like this: @@ -10255,44 +10872,102 @@ command. Write the mathematical expression between braces, like this: <pre class="example"> (a + b)(a + b) = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 </pre> - <p>Thus, the <code>@math</code> command has no effect on the Info and HTML -output; <span class="command">makeinfo</span> just reproduces the input, it does not try -to interpret the mathematics in any way. + <p>The <code>@math</code> command has no special effect on the Info and HTML +output. <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> expands any <code>@</code>-commands as usual, +but it does not try to produce good mathematical formatting in any +way. + + <p>However, as far as the TeX output is concerned, plain TeX +mathematical commands are allowed in <code>@math</code>, starting with +‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’, and the plain TeX math characters like ‘<samp><span class="samp">^</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ are also recognized. In essence, <code>@math</code> drops you +into plain TeX math mode. + + <p>This allows you to conveniently write superscripts and subscripts (as +in the above example), and also to use all the plain TeX math +control sequences for symbols, functions, and so on, and thus get +proper formatting in the TeX output, at least. + + <p>It's best to use ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ instead of ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ for any such +mathematical commands; otherwise, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> will complain. +On the other hand, input with matching (but unescaped) braces, such as +‘<samp><span class="samp">k_{75}</span></samp>’, is allowed inside <code>@math</code>, although +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> would complain about the bare braces in regular +input. + + <p>Here's an example: - <p><code>@math</code> implies <code>@tex</code>. This not only makes it possible to -write superscripts and subscripts (as in the above example), but also -allows you to use any of the plain TeX math control sequences. It's -conventional to use <span class="samp">\</span> instead of <span class="samp">@</span> for these commands. -As in: <pre class="example"> @math{\sin 2\pi \equiv \cos 3\pi} </pre> <p class="noindent">which looks like the input in Info and HTML: <pre class="example"> \sin 2\pi \equiv \cos 3\pi </pre> - <p><a name="index-_005c-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_005c-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040math_007d_0029_007d-753"></a>Since <span class="samp">\</span> is an escape character inside <code>@math</code>, you can use + <p><a name="index-g_t_005c-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_005c-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040math_007d_0029_007d-859"></a>Since ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ is an escape character inside <code>@math</code>, you can use <code>@\</code> to get a literal backslash (<code>\\</code> will work in TeX, -but you'll get the literal <span class="samp">\\</span> in Info). <code>@\</code> is not -defined outside of <code>@math</code>, since a <span class="samp">\</span> ordinarily produces a -literal <span class="samp">\</span>. +but you'd get the literal ‘<samp><span class="samp">\\</span></samp>’ in Info). <code>@\</code> is not +defined outside of <code>@math</code>, since a ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ ordinarily produces a +literal ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-Displayed-equations-754"></a><a name="index-Equations_002c-displayed-755"></a>For displayed equations, you must at present use TeX directly + <p><a name="index-Displayed-equations-860"></a><a name="index-Equations_002c-displayed-861"></a>For displayed equations, you must at present use TeX directly (see <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Glyphs"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#math">math</a>, +<a name="Click-Sequences"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#math">math</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">14.14 Click Sequences</h3> + +<p><a name="index-Click-sequences-862"></a><a name="index-Sequence-of-clicks-863"></a><a name="index-GUI-click-sequence-864"></a> +<a name="index-clicksequence-865"></a>When documenting graphical interfaces, it is necessary to describe +sequences such as `Click on ‘<samp><span class="samp">File</span></samp>’, then choose ‘<samp><span class="samp">Open</span></samp>’, then +<small class="dots">...</small>'. Texinfo offers commands <code>@clicksequence</code> and +<code>click</code> to represent this, typically used like this: + +<pre class="example"> ... @clicksequence{File @click{} Open} ... +</pre> + <p class="noindent">which produces: + +<pre class="display"> <small class="dots">...</small> File → Open <small class="dots">...</small> +</pre> + <p><a name="index-click-866"></a><a name="index-arrow-867"></a>The <code>@click</code> command produces a simple right arrow (‘<samp><span class="samp">-></span></samp>’ in +Info) by default; this glyph is also available independently via the +command <code>@arrow{}</code>. + + <p><a name="index-clickstyle-868"></a>You can change the glyph produced by <code>@click</code> with the command +<code>@clickstyle</code>, which takes a command name as its single argument +on the rest of the line, much like <code>@itemize</code> and friends +(see <a href="#itemize"><code>@itemize</code></a>). The command should produce a +glyph, and the usual empty braces ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>’ are omitted. Here's an +example: + +<pre class="example"> @clickstyle @result + ... @clicksequence{File @click{} Open} ... +</pre> + <p class="noindent">now produces: + +<pre class="display"> <small class="dots">...</small> File ⇒ Open <small class="dots">...</small> +</pre> + <div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Glyphs"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">14.9 Glyphs for Examples</h3> +<h3 class="section">14.15 Glyphs for Examples</h3> -<p><a name="index-Glyphs-756"></a><a name="index-Examples_002c-glyphs-for-757"></a> +<p><a name="index-Glyphs-869"></a><a name="index-Examples_002c-glyphs-for-870"></a> In Texinfo, code is often illustrated in examples that are delimited by <code>@example</code> and <code>@end example</code>, or by <code>@lisp</code> and <code>@end lisp</code>. In such examples, you can indicate the results of -evaluation or an expansion using <span class="samp">=></span> or -<span class="samp">==></span>. Likewise, there are commands to insert glyphs +evaluation or an expansion using ‘<samp><span class="samp">⇒</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">==></span></samp>’. Likewise, there are commands to insert glyphs to indicate printed output, error messages, equivalence of expressions, and the location of point. @@ -10313,17 +10988,18 @@ left- and right-hand braces. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Glyphs-Summary"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#result">result</a>, +<a name="Glyphs-Summary"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#result">result</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.1 Glyphs Summary</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.1 Glyphs Summary</h4> <p>Here are the different glyph commands: <dl> -<dt>=><dd><code>@result{}</code> points to the result of an expression. +<dt>⇒<dd><code>@result{}</code> points to the result of an expression. <br><dt>==><dd><code>@expansion{}</code> shows the results of a macro expansion. @@ -10348,44 +11024,46 @@ message. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="result"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#expansion">expansion</a>, +<a name="result"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#expansion">expansion</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glyphs-Summary">Glyphs Summary</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.2 <code>@result{}</code> (=>): Indicating Evaluation</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.2 <code>@result{}</code> (⇒): Indicating Evaluation</h4> -<p><a name="index-Result-of-an-expression-758"></a><a name="index-Indicating-evaluation-759"></a><a name="index-Evaluation-glyph-760"></a><a name="index-Value-of-an-expression_002c-indicating-761"></a><a name="index-result-762"></a> +<p><a name="index-Result-of-an-expression-871"></a><a name="index-Indicating-evaluation-872"></a><a name="index-Evaluation-glyph-873"></a><a name="index-Value-of-an-expression_002c-indicating-874"></a><a name="index-result-875"></a> Use the <code>@result{}</code> command to indicate the result of evaluating an expression. - <p>The <code>@result{}</code> command is displayed as <span class="samp">=></span> in + <p>The <code>@result{}</code> command is displayed as ‘<samp><span class="samp">⇒</span></samp>’ in Info and HTML and as a true double stemmed arrow in the printed output. <p>Thus, the following, <pre class="lisp"> (cdr '(1 2 3)) - => (2 3) + ⇒ (2 3) </pre> <p class="noindent">may be read as “<code>(cdr '(1 2 3))</code> evaluates to <code>(2 3)</code>”. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="expansion"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>, +<a name="expansion"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#result">result</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.3 <code>@expansion{}</code> (==>): Indicating an Expansion</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.3 <code>@expansion{}</code> (==>): Indicating an Expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-Expansion_002c-indicating-763"></a><a name="index-Macro-expansion_002c-indicating-764"></a><a name="index-expansion-765"></a> +<p><a name="index-Expansion_002c-indicating-876"></a><a name="index-Macro-expansion_002c-indicating-877"></a><a name="index-expansion-878"></a> When an expression is a macro call, it expands into a new expression. You can indicate the result of the expansion with the <code>@expansion{}</code> command. - <p>The <code>@expansion{}</code> command is displayed as <span class="samp">==></span> + <p>The <code>@expansion{}</code> command is displayed as ‘<samp><span class="samp">==></span></samp>’ in Info and HTML, and as a long arrow with a flat base in the printed output. @@ -10401,7 +11079,7 @@ output. <pre class="lisp"> (third '(a b c)) ==> (car (cdr (cdr '(a b c)))) - => c + ⇒ c </pre> <p class="noindent">which may be read as: @@ -10415,30 +11093,31 @@ the result of evaluating the expression is <code>c</code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Print-Glyph"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>, +<a name="Print-Glyph"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#expansion">expansion</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.4 <code>@print{}</code> (-|): Indicating Printed Output</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.4 <code>@print{}</code> (-|): Indicating Printed Output</h4> -<p><a name="index-Printed-output_002c-indicating-766"></a><a name="index-print-767"></a> +<p><a name="index-Printed-output_002c-indicating-879"></a><a name="index-print-880"></a> Sometimes an expression will print output during its execution. You can indicate the printed output with the <code>@print{}</code> command. - <p>The <code>@print{}</code> command is displayed as <span class="samp">-|</span> in Info + <p>The <code>@print{}</code> command is displayed as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-|</span></samp>’ in Info and HTML and (similarly) as a horizontal dash butting against a vertical bar in the printed output. <p>In the following example, the printed text is indicated with -<span class="samp">-|</span>, and the value of the expression follows on the +‘<samp><span class="samp">-|</span></samp>’, and the value of the expression follows on the last line. <pre class="lisp"> (progn (print 'foo) (print 'bar)) -| foo -| bar - => bar + ⇒ bar </pre> <p class="noindent">In a Texinfo source file, this example is written as follows: @@ -10451,19 +11130,20 @@ last line. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Error-Glyph"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>, +<a name="Error-Glyph"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.5 <code>@error{}</code> (error-->): Indicating an Error Message</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.5 <code>@error{}</code> (error-->): Indicating an Error Message</h4> -<p><a name="index-Error-message_002c-indicating-768"></a><a name="index-error-769"></a> +<p><a name="index-Error-message_002c-indicating-881"></a><a name="index-error-882"></a> A piece of code may cause an error when you evaluate it. You can designate the error message with the <code>@error{}</code> command. - <p>The <code>@error{}</code> command is displayed as <span class="samp">error--></span> in Info + <p>The <code>@error{}</code> command is displayed as ‘<samp><span class="samp">error--></span></samp>’ in Info and HTML and as the word `error' in a box in the printed output. <p>Thus, @@ -10483,23 +11163,24 @@ when you evaluate the expression: <pre class="lisp"> Wrong type argument: integer-or-marker-p, x </pre> - <p><span class="samp">error--></span> itself is not part of the error message. + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">error--></span></samp>’ itself is not part of the error message. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Equivalence"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a>, +<a name="Equivalence"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.6 <code>@equiv{}</code> (==): Indicating Equivalence</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.6 <code>@equiv{}</code> (==): Indicating Equivalence</h4> -<p><a name="index-Equivalence_002c-indicating-770"></a><a name="index-equiv-771"></a> +<p><a name="index-Equivalence_002c-indicating-883"></a><a name="index-equiv-884"></a> Sometimes two expressions produce identical results. You can indicate the exact equivalence of two forms with the <code>@equiv{}</code> command. - <p>The <code>@equiv{}</code> command is displayed as <span class="samp">==</span> in Info + <p>The <code>@equiv{}</code> command is displayed as ‘<samp><span class="samp">==</span></samp>’ in Info and HTML and as a standard mathematical equivalence sign (three parallel horizontal lines) in the printed output. @@ -10518,29 +11199,30 @@ identical results to evaluating <code>(list 'keymap)</code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Point-Glyph"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>, +<a name="Point-Glyph"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">14.9.7 <code>@point{}</code> (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer</h4> +<h4 class="subsection">14.15.7 <code>@point{}</code> (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer</h4> -<p><a name="index-Point_002c-indicating-in-a-buffer-772"></a><a name="index-point-773"></a> +<p><a name="index-Point_002c-indicating-in-a-buffer-885"></a><a name="index-point-886"></a> Sometimes you need to show an example of text in an Emacs buffer. In such examples, the convention is to include the entire contents of the buffer in question between two lines of dashes containing the buffer name. - <p>You can use the <span class="samp">@point{}</span> command to show the location of point + <p>You can use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@point{}</span></samp>’ command to show the location of point in the text in the buffer. (The symbol for point, of course, is not part of the text in the buffer; it indicates the place <em>between</em> two characters where point is located.) - <p>The <code>@point{}</code> command is displayed as <span class="samp">-!-</span> in Info + <p>The <code>@point{}</code> command is displayed as ‘<samp><span class="samp">-!-</span></samp>’ in Info and HTML and as a small five pointed star in the printed output. - <p>The following example shows the contents of buffer <span class="file">foo</span> before + <p>The following example shows the contents of buffer <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp> before and after evaluating a Lisp command to insert the word <code>changed</code>. <pre class="example"> ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- @@ -10548,7 +11230,7 @@ and after evaluating a Lisp command to insert the word <code>changed</code>. ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- </pre> <pre class="example"> (insert "changed ") - => nil + ⇒ nil ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- This is the changed -!-contents of foo. ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- @@ -10569,22 +11251,23 @@ and after evaluating a Lisp command to insert the word <code>changed</code>. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Breaks"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, +<a name="Breaks"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Insertions">Insertions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">15 Forcing and Preventing Breaks</h2> -<p><a name="index-Forcing-line-and-page-breaks-774"></a><a name="index-Making-line-and-page-breaks-775"></a><a name="index-Preventing-line-and-page-breaks-776"></a> -<a name="index-Line-breaks-777"></a>Usually, a Texinfo file is processed both by TeX and by one of the +<p><a name="index-Forcing-line-and-page-breaks-887"></a><a name="index-Making-line-and-page-breaks-888"></a><a name="index-Preventing-line-and-page-breaks-889"></a> +<a name="index-Line-breaks-890"></a>Usually, a Texinfo file is processed both by TeX and by one of the Info formatting commands. Line, paragraph, or page breaks sometimes occur in the `wrong' place in one or other form of output. You must ensure that text looks right both in the printed manual and in the Info file. - <p><a name="index-White-space_002c-excessive-778"></a><a name="index-Page-breaks-779"></a>For example, in a printed manual, page breaks may occur awkwardly in + <p><a name="index-White-space_002c-excessive-891"></a><a name="index-Page-breaks-892"></a>For example, in a printed manual, page breaks may occur awkwardly in the middle of an example; to prevent this, you can hold text together using a grouping command that keeps the text from being split across two pages. Conversely, you may want to force a page break where none @@ -10595,20 +11278,22 @@ commands. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Break-Commands">Break Commands</a>: Summary of break-related commands. <li><a accesskey="2" href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>: Forcing line breaks. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>: Helping TeX with hyphenation points. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#w">w</a>: Preventing unwanted line breaks in text. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#tie">tie</a>: Inserting an unbreakable but varying space. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#sp">sp</a>: Inserting blank lines. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#page">page</a>: Forcing the start of a new page. -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#group">group</a>: Preventing unwanted page breaks. -<li><a accesskey="9" href="#need">need</a>: Another way to prevent unwanted page breaks. +<li><a accesskey="3" href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>: Helping TeX with hyphenation points. +<li><a accesskey="4" href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a>: Controlling line breaks within @code text. +<li><a accesskey="5" href="#w">w</a>: Preventing unwanted line breaks in text. +<li><a accesskey="6" href="#tie">tie</a>: Inserting an unbreakable but varying space. +<li><a accesskey="7" href="#sp">sp</a>: Inserting blank lines. +<li><a accesskey="8" href="#page">page</a>: Forcing the start of a new page. +<li><a accesskey="9" href="#group">group</a>: Preventing unwanted page breaks. +<li><a href="#need">need</a>: Another way to prevent unwanted page breaks. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Break-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>, +<a name="Break-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">15.1 Break Commands</h3> @@ -10645,15 +11330,16 @@ files do not have pages. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Line-Breaks"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>, +<a name="Line-Breaks"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Break-Commands">Break Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">15.2 <code>@*</code> and <code>@/</code>: Generate and Allow Line Breaks</h3> -<p><a name="index-_002a-_0040r_007b_0028force-line-break_0029_007d-780"></a><a name="index-_002f-_0040r_007b_0028allow-line-break_0029_007d-781"></a><a name="index-Line-breaks-782"></a><a name="index-Breaks-in-a-line-783"></a><a name="index-Force-line-break-784"></a><a name="index-Allow-line-break-785"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_002a-_0040r_007b_0028force-line-break_0029_007d-893"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007b_0028allow-line-break_0029_007d-894"></a><a name="index-Line-breaks-895"></a><a name="index-Breaks-in-a-line-896"></a><a name="index-Force-line-break-897"></a><a name="index-Allow-line-break-898"></a> The <code>@*</code> command forces a line break in both the printed manual and in Info. The <code>@/</code> command allows a line break (printed manual only). @@ -10684,15 +11370,17 @@ break the line. <code>@/</code> has no effect in the online output. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="_002d-and-hyphenation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#w">w</a>, +<a name="--and-hyphenation"></a> +<a name="g_t_002d-and-hyphenation"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">15.3 <code>@-</code> and <code>@hyphenation</code>: Helping TeX Hyphenate</h3> -<p><a name="index-_002d-_0040r_007b_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029_007d-786"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-787"></a><a name="index-Hyphenation_002c-helping-_0040TeX_007b_007d-do-788"></a><a name="index-Fine_002dtuning_002c-and-hyphenation-789"></a> +<p><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007b_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029_007d-899"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-900"></a><a name="index-Hyphenation_002c-helping-_0040TeX_007b_007d-do-901"></a><a name="index-Fine_002dtuning_002c-and-hyphenation-902"></a> Although TeX's hyphenation algorithm is generally pretty good, it does miss useful hyphenation points from time to time. (Or, far more rarely, insert an incorrect hyphenation.) So, for documents with an @@ -10706,30 +11394,70 @@ overfull hbox is due to TeX missing a hyphenation (see <a href="#Overfull-hboxes word containing <code>@-</code>. <br><dt><code>@hyphenation{</code><var>hy-phen-a-ted words</var><code>}</code><dd>Tell TeX how to hyphenate <var>hy-phen-a-ted words</var>. As shown, you -put a <span class="samp">-</span> at each hyphenation point. For example: +put a ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ at each hyphenation point. For example: <pre class="example"> @hyphenation{man-u-script man-u-scripts} - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">TeX only uses the specified hyphenation points when the -words match exactly, so give all necessary variants. +words match exactly, so give all necessary variants, such as plurals. </dl> - <p>Info output is not hyphenated, so these commands have no effect there. + <p>Info, HTML, and other non-TeX output is not hyphenated, so none of +these commands have any effect there. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="w"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#tie">tie</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>, +<a name="allowcodebreaks"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#w">w</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">15.4 <code>@w</code>{<var>text</var>}: Prevent Line Breaks</h3> +<h3 class="section">15.4 <code>@allowcodebreaks</code>: Control Line Breaks in <code>@code</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-w-_0040r_007b_0028prevent-line-break_0029_007d-790"></a><a name="index-Line-breaks_002c-preventing-791"></a> +<p><a name="index-allowcodebreaks-903"></a><a name="index-Breaks_002c-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-904"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-905"></a><a name="index-Hyphen_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-906"></a><a name="index-Dash_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-907"></a><a name="index-g_t_005f_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-908"></a><a name="index-Underscore_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-909"></a> +Ordinarily, TeX will consider breaking lines at ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ characters within <code>@code</code> and related commands +(see <a href="#code"><code>@code</code></a>), more or less as if they were “empty” +hyphenation points. + + <p>This is necessary as many manuals, especially for Lisp-family +languages, must document very long identifiers. On the other hand, +other manuals don't have this problems, and you may not wish to allow +a line break at the underscore in, for example, <code>SIZE_MAX</code>, or +even worse, after any of the four underscores in <code>__typeof__</code>. + + <p>So Texinfo provides this command: + +<pre class="example"> @allowcodebreaks false +</pre> + <p class="noindent">to prevent TeX from breaking at ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ within +<code>@code</code>. You can go back to allowing such breaks with +<code>@allowcodebreaks true</code>. Write these commands on lines by +themselves. + + <p>These commands can be given anywhere in the document. For example, +you may have just one problematic paragraph where you need to turn off +the breaks, but want them in general, or vice versa. + + <p>This command has no effect in Info, HTML, and other non-TeX output. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="w"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#tie">tie</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a>, +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> + +</div> + +<h3 class="section">15.5 <code>@w</code>{<var>text</var>}: Prevent Line Breaks</h3> + +<p><a name="index-w-_0040r_007b_0028prevent-line-break_0029_007d-910"></a><a name="index-Line-breaks_002c-preventing-911"></a> <code>@w{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code> outputs <var>text</var> and prohibits line breaks -within <var>text</var>, for both TeX and <span class="command">makeinfo</span>. +within <var>text</var>, for both TeX and <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-fixed-792"></a><a name="index-Unbreakable-space_002c-fixed-793"></a>Thus, you can use <code>@w</code> to produce a non-breakable space, fixed at + <p><a name="index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-fixed-912"></a><a name="index-Unbreakable-space_002c-fixed-913"></a>Thus, you can use <code>@w</code> to produce a non-breakable space, fixed at the width of a normal interword space: <pre class="example"> @w{ } @w{ } @w{ } indentation. @@ -10740,30 +11468,31 @@ the width of a normal interword space: </pre> <p>The space from <code>@w{ <!-- /@w -->}</code>, as well as being non-breakable, also will not stretch or shrink. Sometimes that is what you want, for -instance if you're doing indenting manual. However, usually you want +instance if you're doing manual indenting. However, usually you want a normal interword space that does stretch and shrink (in the printed output); see the <code>@tie</code> command in the next section. - <p><a name="index-Hyphenation_002c-preventing-794"></a>You can also use the <code>@w</code> command to prevent TeX from + <p><a name="index-Hyphenation_002c-preventing-914"></a>You can also use the <code>@w</code> command to prevent TeX from automatically hyphenating a long name or phrase that happens to fall -near the end of a line. <span class="command">makeinfo</span> does not ever hyphenate +near the end of a line. <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> does not ever hyphenate words. - <p><a name="index-Keyword-expansion_002c-preventing-795"></a><a name="index-Version-control-keywords_002c-preventing-expansion-of-796"></a><a name="index-_0024Id-expansion_002c-preventing-797"></a>You can also use <code>@w</code> to avoid unwanted keyword expansion in + <p><a name="index-Keyword-expansion_002c-preventing-915"></a><a name="index-Version-control-keywords_002c-preventing-expansion-of-916"></a><a name="index-g_t_0024Id-expansion_002c-preventing-917"></a>You can also use <code>@w</code> to avoid unwanted keyword expansion in source control systems. For example, to literally write <tt>$<!-- /@w -->Id$</tt> in your document, use <code>@w{$}Id$</code>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="tie"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#sp">sp</a>, +<a name="tie"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#sp">sp</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#w">w</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">15.5 <code>@tie{}</code>: Inserting an Unbreakable Space</h3> +<h3 class="section">15.6 <code>@tie{}</code>: Inserting an Unbreakable Space</h3> -<p><a name="index-tie-_0040r_007b_0028unbreakable-interword-space_0029_007d-798"></a><a name="index-Tied-space-799"></a><a name="index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-variable-800"></a><a name="index-Unbreakable-space_002c-variable-801"></a> +<p><a name="index-tie-_0040r_007b_0028unbreakable-interword-space_0029_007d-918"></a><a name="index-Tied-space-919"></a><a name="index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-variable-920"></a><a name="index-Unbreakable-space_002c-variable-921"></a> The <code>@tie{}</code> command produces a normal interword space at which a line break may not occur. Always write it with following (empty) braces, as usual for commands used within a paragraph. Here's an @@ -10773,7 +11502,7 @@ example: </pre> <p class="noindent">produces: -<pre class="display"> TeX was written by Donald E. <!-- /@w -->Knuth. +<pre class="display"> TeX was written by Donald E. Knuth. </pre> <p>There are two important differences between <code>@tie{}</code> and <code>@w{ <!-- /@w -->}</code>: @@ -10785,21 +11514,22 @@ produced by <code>@w{ <!-- /@w -->}</code> will not vary. <li><code>@tie{}</code> allows hyphenation of the surrounding words, while <code>@w{ <!-- /@w -->}</code> inhibits hyphenation of those words (for TeXnical -reasons, namely that it produces an <span class="samp">\hbox</span>). +reasons, namely that it produces an ‘<samp><span class="samp">\hbox</span></samp>’). </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="sp"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#page">page</a>, +<a name="sp"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#page">page</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tie">tie</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">15.6 <code>@sp</code> <var>n</var>: Insert Blank Lines</h3> +<h3 class="section">15.7 <code>@sp</code> <var>n</var>: Insert Blank Lines</h3> -<p><a name="index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028line-spacing_0029_007d-802"></a><a name="index-Space_002c-inserting-vertical-803"></a><a name="index-Blank-lines-804"></a><a name="index-Line-spacing-805"></a> +<p><a name="index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028line-spacing_0029_007d-922"></a><a name="index-Space_002c-inserting-vertical-923"></a><a name="index-Blank-lines-924"></a><a name="index-Line-spacing-925"></a> A line beginning with and containing only <code>@sp </code><var>n</var> generates <var>n</var> blank lines of space in both the printed manual and the Info file. <code>@sp</code> also forces a paragraph break. For @@ -10813,15 +11543,16 @@ example, <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="page"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#group">group</a>, +<a name="page"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#group">group</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#sp">sp</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">15.7 <code>@page</code>: Start a New Page</h3> +<h3 class="section">15.8 <code>@page</code>: Start a New Page</h3> -<p><a name="index-Page-breaks-806"></a><a name="index-page-807"></a> +<p><a name="index-Page-breaks-926"></a><a name="index-page-927"></a> A line containing only <code>@page</code> starts a new page in a printed manual. The command has no effect on Info files since they are not paginated. An <code>@page</code> command is often used in the <code>@titlepage</code> @@ -10829,16 +11560,17 @@ section of a Texinfo file to start the copyright page. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="group"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#need">need</a>, +<a name="group"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#need">need</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#page">page</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">15.8 <code>@group</code>: Prevent Page Breaks</h3> +<h3 class="section">15.9 <code>@group</code>: Prevent Page Breaks</h3> -<p><a name="index-Group-_0028hold-text-together-vertically_0029-808"></a><a name="index-Holding-text-together-vertically-809"></a><a name="index-Vertically-holding-text-together-810"></a><a name="index-group-811"></a> +<p><a name="index-Group-_0028hold-text-together-vertically_0029-928"></a><a name="index-Holding-text-together-vertically-929"></a><a name="index-Vertically-holding-text-together-930"></a><a name="index-group-931"></a> The <code>@group</code> command (on a line by itself) is used inside an <code>@example</code> or similar construct to begin an unsplittable vertical group, which will appear entirely on one page in the printed output. @@ -10849,7 +11581,7 @@ output they have no effect at all. <!-- Once said that these environments --> <!-- turn off vertical spacing between ``paragraphs''. --> <!-- Also, quotation used to work, but doesn't in texinfo-2.72 --> -<p>Although <code>@group</code> would make sense conceptually in a wide + <p>Although <code>@group</code> would make sense conceptually in a wide variety of contexts, its current implementation works reliably only within <code>@example</code> and variants, and within <code>@display</code>, <code>@format</code>, <code>@flushleft</code> and <code>@flushright</code>. @@ -10884,15 +11616,16 @@ TeX. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="need"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#group">group</a>, +<a name="need"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#group">group</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> -<h3 class="section">15.9 <code>@need </code><var>mils</var>: Prevent Page Breaks</h3> +<h3 class="section">15.10 <code>@need </code><var>mils</var>: Prevent Page Breaks</h3> -<p><a name="index-Need-space-at-page-bottom-812"></a><a name="index-need-813"></a> +<p><a name="index-Need-space-at-page-bottom-932"></a><a name="index-need-933"></a> A line containing only <code>@need </code><var>n</var> starts a new page in a printed manual if fewer than <var>n</var> mils (thousandths of an inch) remain on the current page. Do not use @@ -10911,15 +11644,16 @@ lines at the bottoms of printed pages). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Definition-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>, +<a name="Definition-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Breaks">Breaks</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">16 Definition Commands</h2> -<p><a name="index-Definition-commands-814"></a> +<p><a name="index-Definition-commands-934"></a> The <code>@deffn</code> command and the other <dfn>definition commands</dfn> enable you to describe functions, variables, macros, commands, user options, special forms and other such artifacts in a uniform @@ -10953,14 +11687,15 @@ a given name. An appendix containing a summary should use <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Def-Cmd-Template"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a>, +<a name="Def-Cmd-Template"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.1 The Template for a Definition</h3> -<p><a name="index-Definition-template-815"></a><a name="index-Template-for-a-definition-816"></a> +<p><a name="index-Definition-template-935"></a><a name="index-Template-for-a-definition-936"></a> The <code>@deffn</code> command is used for definitions of entities that resemble functions. To write a definition using the <code>@deffn</code> command, write the <code>@deffn</code> command at the beginning of a line @@ -10992,12 +11727,12 @@ that command; the body of the definition; and a corresponding <blockquote> - <div class="defun"> -— Command: <b>forward-word</b><var> count<a name="index-forward_002dword-817"></a></var><br> -<blockquote><p>This function moves point forward <var>count</var> words +<div class="defun"> +— Command: <b>forward-word</b><var> count<a name="index-forward_002dword-937"></a></var><br> +<blockquote><p>This command moves point forward <var>count</var> words (or backward if <var>count</var> is negative). <small class="dots">...</small> </p></blockquote></div> - </blockquote> +</blockquote> <p>Capitalize the category name like a title. If the name of the category contains spaces, as in the phrase `Interactive Command', @@ -11010,7 +11745,9 @@ enclose it in braces. For example: <p class="noindent">Otherwise, the second word will be mistaken for the name of the entity. As a general rule, when any of the arguments in the heading line <em>except</em> the last one are more than one word, you need to -enclose them in braces. +enclose them in braces. This may also be necessary if the text +contains commands, for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{declaraci@'on}</span></samp>’ if you are +writing in Spanish. <p>Some of the definition commands are more general than others. The <code>@deffn</code> command, for example, is the general definition command @@ -11028,23 +11765,24 @@ particular kinds of variables. function definition, including the use of <code>@example</code> inside the definition. - <p><a name="index-Macros-in-definition-commands-818"></a>Unfortunately, due to implementation difficulties, macros are not expanded + <p><a name="index-Macros-in-definition-commands-938"></a>Unfortunately, due to implementation difficulties, macros are not expanded in <code>@deffn</code> and all the other definition commands. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a>, +<a name="Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.2 Definition Command Continuation Lines</h3> -<p><a name="index-Continuation-lines-in-definition-commands-819"></a><a name="index-Definition-command-headings_002c-continuing-820"></a><a name="index-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d-as-continuation-in-definition-commands-821"></a> +<p><a name="index-Continuation-lines-in-definition-commands-939"></a><a name="index-Definition-command-headings_002c-continuing-940"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d-as-continuation-in-definition-commands-941"></a> The heading line of a definition command can get very long. Therefore, Texinfo has a special syntax allowing them to be continued -over multiple lines of the source file: a lone <span class="samp">@</span> at the end of +over multiple lines of the source file: a lone ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ at the end of each line to be continued. Here's an example: <pre class="example"> @defun fn-name @ @@ -11055,7 +11793,7 @@ each line to be continued. Here's an example: <p class="noindent">produces: <div class="defun"> -— Function: <b>fn-name</b><var> arg1 arg2 arg3<a name="index-fn_002dname-822"></a></var><br> +— Function: <b>fn-name</b><var> arg1 arg2 arg3<a name="index-fn_002dname-942"></a></var><br> <blockquote><p>This is the basic continued defun. </p></blockquote></div> @@ -11069,7 +11807,7 @@ continuations may extend over any number of lines; simply put an <p>The <code>@</code> character does not have to be the last character on the physical line: whitespace is allowed (and ignored) afterwards. - <p><a name="index-Whitespace_002c-collapsed-around-continuations-823"></a><a name="index-Collapsing-whitespace-around-continuations-824"></a>In general, any number of spaces or tabs around the <code>@</code> + <p><a name="index-Whitespace_002c-collapsed-around-continuations-943"></a><a name="index-Collapsing-whitespace-around-continuations-944"></a>In general, any number of spaces or tabs around the <code>@</code> continuation character, both on the line with the <code>@</code> and on the continued line, are collapsed into a single space. There is one exception: the Texinfo processors will not fully collapse whitespace @@ -11083,21 +11821,22 @@ and `Name'. In this case, simply elide any unwanted whitespace in your input, or put the continuation <code>@</code> outside braces. <p><code>@</code> does not (currently) function as a continuation character in -<em>any</em> other context. Ordinarily, <span class="samp">@</span> followed by a +<em>any</em> other context. Ordinarily, ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ followed by a whitespace character (space, tab, newline) produces a normal interword space (see <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Optional-Arguments"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#deffnx">deffnx</a>, +<a name="Optional-Arguments"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#deffnx">deffnx</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.3 Optional and Repeated Arguments</h3> -<p><a name="index-Optional-and-repeated-arguments-825"></a><a name="index-Repeated-and-optional-arguments-826"></a><a name="index-Arguments_002c-repeated-and-optional-827"></a><a name="index-Syntax_002c-optional-_0026-repeated-arguments-828"></a><a name="index-Meta_002dsyntactic-chars-for-arguments-829"></a> +<p><a name="index-Optional-and-repeated-arguments-945"></a><a name="index-Repeated-and-optional-arguments-946"></a><a name="index-Arguments_002c-repeated-and-optional-947"></a><a name="index-Syntax_002c-optional-_0026-repeated-arguments-948"></a><a name="index-Meta_002dsyntactic-chars-for-arguments-949"></a> Some entities take optional or repeated arguments, which may be specified by a distinctive glyph that uses square brackets and ellipses. For example<!-- /@w -->, a special form often breaks its argument list @@ -11105,12 +11844,12 @@ into separate arguments in more complicated ways than a straightforward function. <!-- This is consistent with Emacs Lisp Reference manual --> -<p>An argument enclosed within square brackets is optional. + <p>An argument enclosed within square brackets is optional. Thus, [<var>optional-arg</var>] means that <var>optional-arg</var> is optional. An argument followed by an ellipsis is optional and may be repeated more than once. <!-- This is consistent with Emacs Lisp Reference manual --> -Thus, <var>repeated-args</var><span class="samp">...</span> stands for zero or more +Thus, <var>repeated-args</var>‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’ stands for zero or more arguments. Parentheses are used when several arguments are grouped into additional levels of list structure in Lisp. @@ -11119,10 +11858,10 @@ special form: <blockquote> - <div class="defun"> -— Special Form: <b>foobar</b> (<var>var </var>[<var>from to </var>[<var>inc</var>]])<var> body<small class="dots">...</small><a name="index-foobar-830"></a></var><br> -</div> - </blockquote> +<div class="defun"> +— Special Form: <b>foobar</b> (<var>var </var>[<var>from to </var>[<var>inc</var>]])<var> body<small class="dots">...</small><a name="index-foobar-950"></a></var><br> + </div> +</blockquote> <p class="noindent">In this example, the arguments <var>from</var> and <var>to</var> are optional, but must both be present or both absent. If they are present, @@ -11139,19 +11878,20 @@ example). [@var{inc}]]) @var{body}@dots{} </pre> <p class="noindent">The function is listed in the Command and Variable Index under -<span class="samp">foobar</span>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">foobar</span></samp>’. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="deffnx"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a>, +<a name="deffnx"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.4 Two or More `First' Lines</h3> -<p><a name="index-Two-_0060First_0027-Lines-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040deffn_007d-831"></a><a name="index-Grouping-two-definitions-together-832"></a><a name="index-Definitions-grouped-together-833"></a><a name="index-deffnx-834"></a> +<p><a name="index-Two-_0060First_0027-Lines-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040deffn_007d-951"></a><a name="index-Grouping-two-definitions-together-952"></a><a name="index-Definitions-grouped-together-953"></a><a name="index-deffnx-954"></a> To create two or more `first' or header lines for a definition, follow the first <code>@deffn</code> line by a line beginning with <code>@deffnx</code>. The <code>@deffnx</code> command works exactly like <code>@deffn</code> @@ -11168,8 +11908,8 @@ and the preceding line. <p class="noindent">produces <div class="defun"> -— Interactive Command: <b>isearch-forward</b><var><a name="index-isearch_002dforward-835"></a></var><br> -— Interactive Command: <b>isearch-backward</b><var><a name="index-isearch_002dbackward-836"></a></var><br> +— Interactive Command: <b>isearch-forward</b><var><a name="index-isearch_002dforward-955"></a></var><br> +— Interactive Command: <b>isearch-backward</b><var><a name="index-isearch_002dbackward-956"></a></var><br> <blockquote><p>These two search commands are similar except <small class="dots">...</small> </p></blockquote></div> @@ -11180,10 +11920,11 @@ and the preceding line. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Def-Cmds-in-Detail"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a>, +<a name="Def-Cmds-in-Detail"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#deffnx">deffnx</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.5 The Definition Commands</h3> @@ -11211,9 +11952,10 @@ can be used for other programming languages. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Functions-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a>, +<a name="Functions-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">16.5.1 Functions and Similar Entities</h4> @@ -11222,7 +11964,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail entities: -<a name="index-deffn-837"></a> +<a name="index-deffn-957"></a> <dl><dt><code>@deffn </code><var>category</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@deffn</code> command is the general definition command for functions, interactive commands, and similar entities that may take arguments. You must choose a term to describe the category of entity @@ -11238,7 +11980,7 @@ own. <pre class="example"> @deffn Command forward-char nchars Move point forward @var{nchars} characters. @end deffn - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">This shows a rather terse definition for a “command” named <code>forward-char</code> with one argument, <var>nchars</var>. @@ -11247,9 +11989,9 @@ type in the printed output, because we think of these names as metasyntactic variables—they stand for the actual argument values. Within the text of the description, however, write an argument name explicitly with <code>@var</code> to refer to the value of the argument. -In the example above, we used <span class="samp">@var{nchars}</span> in this way. +In the example above, we used ‘<samp><span class="samp">@var{nchars}</span></samp>’ in this way. - <p>In the unusual case when an argument name contains <span class="samp">--</span>, or + <p>In the unusual case when an argument name contains ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’, or another character sequence which is treated specially (see <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a>), use <code>@var</code> around the argument. This causes the name to be printed in slanted typewriter, instead of the @@ -11261,35 +12003,36 @@ regular slanted font, exactly as input. <pre class="example"> @deffn <var>category</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var>... <var>body-of-definition</var> @end deffn - </pre> - <p><a name="index-defun-838"></a><br><dt><code>@defun </code><var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defun</code> command is the definition command for functions. -<code>@defun</code> is equivalent to <span class="samp">@deffn Function ...</span>. +</pre> + <p><a name="index-defun-958"></a><br><dt><code>@defun </code><var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defun</code> command is the definition command for functions. +<code>@defun</code> is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@deffn Function ...</span></samp>’. Terminate the definition with <code>@end defun</code> on a line of its own. Thus, the template is: <pre class="example"> @defun <var>function-name</var> <var>arguments</var>... <var>body-of-definition</var> @end defun - </pre> - <p><a name="index-defmac-839"></a><br><dt><code>@defmac </code><var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defmac</code> command is the definition command for macros. -<code>@defmac</code> is equivalent to <span class="samp">@deffn Macro ...</span> and +</pre> + <p><a name="index-defmac-959"></a><br><dt><code>@defmac </code><var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defmac</code> command is the definition command for macros. +<code>@defmac</code> is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@deffn Macro ...</span></samp>’ and works like <code>@defun</code>. - <p><a name="index-defspec-840"></a><br><dt><code>@defspec </code><var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defspec</code> command is the definition command for special + <p><a name="index-defspec-960"></a><br><dt><code>@defspec </code><var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defspec</code> command is the definition command for special forms. (In Lisp, a special form is an entity much like a function, -see <a href="elisp.html#Special-Forms">Special Forms (GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual)</a>.) -<code>@defspec</code> is equivalent to <span class="samp">@deffn {Special Form} -...</span> and works like <code>@defun</code>. +see <a href="elisp.html#Special-Forms">Special Forms</a>.) +<code>@defspec</code> is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@deffn {Special Form} +...</span></samp>’ and works like <code>@defun</code>. </dl> <p>All these commands create entries in the index of functions. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Variables-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a>, +<a name="Variables-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">16.5.2 Variables and Similar Entities</h4> @@ -11298,7 +12041,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail entities: -<a name="index-defvr-841"></a> +<a name="index-defvr-961"></a> <dl><dt><code>@defvr </code><var>category</var> <var>name</var><dd>The <code>@defvr</code> command is a general definition command for something like a variable—an entity that records a value. You must choose a term to describe the category of entity being defined; for @@ -11317,7 +12060,7 @@ For example, the maximum width of filled lines. ... @end defvr - </pre> +</pre> <p>Terminate the definition with <code>@end defvr</code> on a line of its own. @@ -11326,41 +12069,42 @@ own. <pre class="example"> @defvr <var>category</var> <var>name</var> <var>body-of-definition</var> @end defvr - </pre> +</pre> <p><code>@defvr</code> creates an entry in the index of variables for <var>name</var>. - <p><a name="index-defvar-842"></a><br><dt><code>@defvar </code><var>name</var><dd>The <code>@defvar</code> command is the definition command for variables. -<code>@defvar</code> is equivalent to <span class="samp">@defvr Variable -...</span>. + <p><a name="index-defvar-962"></a><br><dt><code>@defvar </code><var>name</var><dd>The <code>@defvar</code> command is the definition command for variables. +<code>@defvar</code> is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@defvr Variable +...</span></samp>’. <p>For example: <pre class="example"> @defvar kill-ring ... @end defvar - </pre> +</pre> <p>The template is: <pre class="example"> @defvar <var>name</var> <var>body-of-definition</var> @end defvar - </pre> +</pre> <p><code>@defvar</code> creates an entry in the index of variables for <var>name</var>. - <p><a name="index-defopt-843"></a><br><dt><code>@defopt </code><var>name</var><dd><a name="index-User-options_002c-marking-844"></a>The <code>@defopt</code> command is the definition command for <dfn>user + <p><a name="index-defopt-963"></a><br><dt><code>@defopt </code><var>name</var><dd><a name="index-User-options_002c-marking-964"></a>The <code>@defopt</code> command is the definition command for <dfn>user options</dfn>, i.e., variables intended for users to change according to -taste; Emacs has many such (see <a href="emacs.html#Variables">Variables (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>). <code>@defopt</code> is equivalent to <span class="samp">@defvr {User -Option} ...</span> and works like <code>@defvar</code>. It creates an entry +taste; Emacs has many such (see <a href="emacs.html#Variables">Variables</a>). <code>@defopt</code> is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@defvr {User +Option} ...</span></samp>’ and works like <code>@defvar</code>. It creates an entry in the index of variables. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Typed-Functions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a>, +<a name="Typed-Functions"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">16.5.3 Functions in Typed Languages</h4> @@ -11370,7 +12114,7 @@ functions in languages in which you must declare types of variables and functions, such as C and C++. -<a name="index-deftypefn-845"></a> +<a name="index-deftypefn-965"></a> <dl><dt><code>@deftypefn </code><var>category</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@deftypefn</code> command is the general definition command for functions and similar entities that may take arguments and that are typed. The <code>@deftypefn</code> command is written at the beginning of @@ -11384,25 +12128,25 @@ particular entity, and its arguments, if any. (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) ... @end deftypefn - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">(where the text before the “<small class="dots">...</small>”, shown above as two lines, would actually be a single line in a real Texinfo file) produces the following in Info: <pre class="smallexample"> -- Library Function: int foobar (int FOO, float BAR) ... - </pre> +</pre> <p>This means that <code>foobar</code> is a “library function” that returns an <code>int</code>, and its arguments are <var>foo</var> (an <code>int</code>) and <var>bar</var> (a <code>float</code>). <p>Since in typed languages, the actual names of the arguments are typically scattered among data type names and keywords, Texinfo cannot -find them without help. You can either (a) <!-- /@w -->write everything -as straight text, and it will be printed in slanted type; (b) <!-- /@w -->use +find them without help. You can either (a) write everything +as straight text, and it will be printed in slanted type; (b) use <code>@var</code> for the variable names, which will uppercase the variable names in Info and use the slanted typewriter font in printed -output; (c) <!-- /@w -->use <code>@var</code> for the variable names and +output; (c) use <code>@var</code> for the variable names and <code>@code</code> for the type names and keywords, which will be dutifully obeyed. @@ -11411,7 +12155,7 @@ obeyed. <pre class="example"> @deftypefn <var>category</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var> ... <var>body-of-description</var> @end deftypefn - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">Note that if the <var>category</var> or <var>data type</var> is more than one word then it must be enclosed in braces to make it a single argument. @@ -11425,7 +12169,7 @@ paragraphs. For example: @var{n}:in integer) ... @end deftypefn - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">(The <code>@deftypefn</code> arguments are shown using continuations (see <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a>), but could be on a single line in a real Texinfo file.) @@ -11438,14 +12182,14 @@ is <code>push</code>, and its arguments are <var>s</var> and <var>n</var>.) <p><code>@deftypefn</code> creates an entry in the index of functions for <var>name</var>. - <br><dt><code>@deftypefun </code><var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd><a name="index-deftypefun-846"></a>The <code>@deftypefun</code> command is the specialized definition command + <br><dt><code>@deftypefun </code><var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd><a name="index-deftypefun-966"></a>The <code>@deftypefun</code> command is the specialized definition command for functions in typed languages. The command is equivalent to -<span class="samp">@deftypefn Function ...</span>. The template is: +‘<samp><span class="samp">@deftypefn Function ...</span></samp>’. The template is: <pre class="example"> @deftypefun <var>type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var>... <var>body-of-description</var> @end deftypefun - </pre> +</pre> <p><code>@deftypefun</code> creates an entry in the index of functions for <var>name</var>. @@ -11453,10 +12197,11 @@ for functions in typed languages. The command is equivalent to <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Typed-Variables"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a>, +<a name="Typed-Variables"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">16.5.4 Variables in Typed Languages</h4> @@ -11468,7 +12213,7 @@ definition command <code>@deftypevr</code> corresponds to <code>@deftypevar</code> corresponds to <code>@deftypefun</code>. -<a name="index-deftypevr-847"></a> +<a name="index-deftypevr-967"></a> <dl><dt><code>@deftypevr </code><var>category</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd>The <code>@deftypevr</code> command is the general definition command for something like a variable in a typed language—an entity that records a value. You must choose a term to describe the category of the @@ -11485,36 +12230,37 @@ entity. <pre class="example"> @deftypevr {Global Flag} int enable ... @end deftypevr - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">produces the following in Info: <pre class="example"> -- Global Flag: int enable ... - </pre> +</pre> <p>The template is: <pre class="example"> @deftypevr <var>category</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>body-of-description</var> @end deftypevr - </pre> - <p><a name="index-deftypevar-848"></a><br><dt><code>@deftypevar </code><var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd>The <code>@deftypevar</code> command is the specialized definition command +</pre> + <p><a name="index-deftypevar-968"></a><br><dt><code>@deftypevar </code><var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd>The <code>@deftypevar</code> command is the specialized definition command for variables in typed languages. <code>@deftypevar</code> is equivalent -to <span class="samp">@deftypevr Variable ...</span>. The template is: +to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@deftypevr Variable ...</span></samp>’. The template is: <pre class="example"> @deftypevar <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>body-of-description</var> @end deftypevar - </pre> +</pre> </dl> <p>These commands create entries in the index of variables. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Data-Types"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a>, +<a name="Data-Types"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">16.5.5 Data Types</h4> @@ -11522,7 +12268,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail <p>Here is the command for data types: -<a name="index-deftp-849"></a> +<a name="index-deftp-969"></a> <dl><dt><code>@deftp </code><var>category</var> <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@deftp</code> command is the generic definition command for data types. The command is written at the beginning of a line and is followed on the same line by the category, by the name of the type @@ -11541,26 +12287,27 @@ of a definition of <code>pair</code>. <pre class="example"> @deftp {Data type} pair car cdr ... @end deftp - </pre> +</pre> <p>The template is: <pre class="example"> @deftp <var>category</var> <var>name-of-type</var> <var>attributes</var>... <var>body-of-definition</var> @end deftp - </pre> +</pre> <p><code>@deftp</code> creates an entry in the index of data types. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Abstract-Objects"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a>, +<a name="Abstract-Objects"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">16.5.6 Object-Oriented Programming</h4> -<p><a name="index-Object_002doriented-programming-850"></a> +<p><a name="index-Object_002doriented-programming-970"></a> Here are the commands for formatting descriptions about abstract objects, such as are used in object-oriented programming. A class is a defined type of abstract object. An instance of a class is a @@ -11575,19 +12322,21 @@ instance has its own value. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Object_002dOriented-Variables"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a>, +<a name="Object-Oriented-Variables"></a> +<a name="Object_002dOriented-Variables"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a> -<br> + </div> <h5 class="subsubsection">16.5.6.1 Object-Oriented Variables</h5> -<p><a name="index-Variables_002c-object_002doriented-851"></a> +<p><a name="index-Variables_002c-object_002doriented-971"></a> These commands allow you to define different sorts of variables in object-oriented programming languages. <dl> -<dt><code>@defcv </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-defcv-852"></a>The <code>@defcv</code> command is the general definition command for +<dt><code>@defcv </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-defcv-972"></a>The <code>@defcv</code> command is the general definition command for variables associated with classes in object-oriented programming. The <code>@defcv</code> command is followed by three arguments: the category of thing being defined, the class to which it belongs, and its @@ -11596,17 +12345,17 @@ name. For instance: <pre class="example"> @defcv {Class Option} Window border-pattern ... @end defcv - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">produces: <div class="defun"> -— Class Option of Window: <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-853"></a></var><br> +— Class Option of Window: <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-973"></a></var><br> <blockquote><small class="dots">...</small> -</blockquote></div> + </blockquote></div> <p><code>@defcv</code> creates an entry in the index of variables. - <br><dt><code>@deftypecv </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-deftypecv-854"></a>The <code>@deftypecv</code> command is the definition command for typed + <br><dt><code>@deftypecv </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-deftypecv-974"></a>The <code>@deftypecv</code> command is the definition command for typed class variables in object-oriented programming. It is analogous to <code>@defcv</code> with the addition of the <var>data-type</var> parameter to specify the type of the instance variable. Ordinarily, the data type @@ -11616,35 +12365,35 @@ is a programming language construct that should be marked with <pre class="example"> @deftypecv {Class Option} Window @code{int} border-pattern ... @end deftypecv - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">produces: <div class="defun"> -— Class Option of Window: <code>int</code> <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-855"></a></var><br> +— Class Option of Window: <code>int</code> <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-975"></a></var><br> <blockquote><small class="dots">...</small> -</blockquote></div> + </blockquote></div> <p><code>@deftypecv</code> creates an entry in the index of variables. - <br><dt><code>@defivar </code><var>class</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-defivar-856"></a>The <code>@defivar</code> command is the definition command for instance + <br><dt><code>@defivar </code><var>class</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-defivar-976"></a>The <code>@defivar</code> command is the definition command for instance variables in object-oriented programming. <code>@defivar</code> is -equivalent to <span class="samp">@defcv {Instance Variable} ...</span>. For +equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@defcv {Instance Variable} ...</span></samp>’. For instance: <pre class="example"> @defivar Window border-pattern ... @end defivar - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">produces: <div class="defun"> -— Instance Variable of Window: <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-857"></a></var><br> +— Instance Variable of Window: <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-977"></a></var><br> <blockquote><small class="dots">...</small> -</blockquote></div> + </blockquote></div> <p><code>@defivar</code> creates an entry in the index of variables. - <br><dt><code>@deftypeivar </code><var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-deftypeivar-858"></a>The <code>@deftypeivar</code> command is the definition command for typed + <br><dt><code>@deftypeivar </code><var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd><a name="index-deftypeivar-978"></a>The <code>@deftypeivar</code> command is the definition command for typed instance variables in object-oriented programming. It is analogous to <code>@defivar</code> with the addition of the <var>data-type</var> parameter to specify the type of the instance variable. Ordinarily, the data type @@ -11654,13 +12403,13 @@ is a programming language construct that should be marked with <pre class="example"> @deftypeivar Window @code{int} border-pattern ... @end deftypeivar - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">produces: <div class="defun"> -— Instance Variable of Window: <code>int</code> <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-of-Window-859"></a></var><br> +— Instance Variable of Window: <code>int</code> <b>border-pattern</b><var><a name="index-border_002dpattern-of-Window-979"></a></var><br> <blockquote><small class="dots">...</small> -</blockquote></div> + </blockquote></div> <p><code>@deftypeivar</code> creates an entry in the index of variables. @@ -11668,21 +12417,23 @@ is a programming language construct that should be marked with <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Object_002dOriented-Methods"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a>, +<a name="Object-Oriented-Methods"></a> +<a name="Object_002dOriented-Methods"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a> -<br> + </div> <h5 class="subsubsection">16.5.6.2 Object-Oriented Methods</h5> -<p><a name="index-Methods_002c-object_002doriented-860"></a> +<p><a name="index-Methods_002c-object_002doriented-980"></a> These commands allow you to define different sorts of function-like entities resembling methods in object-oriented programming languages. These entities take arguments, as functions do, but are associated with particular classes of objects. -<a name="index-defop-861"></a> +<a name="index-defop-981"></a> <dl><dt><code>@defop </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@defop</code> command is the general definition command for these method-like entities. @@ -11708,7 +12459,7 @@ given class of windows has its own method to implement this operation. To describe this operation, you would write: <pre class="example"> @defop Operation windows expose - </pre> +</pre> <p>The <code>@defop</code> command is written at the beginning of a line and is followed on the same line by the overall name of the category of operation, the name of the class of the operation, the name of the @@ -11718,22 +12469,22 @@ operation, and its arguments, if any. <pre class="example"> @defop <var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var>... <var>body-of-definition</var> @end defop - </pre> +</pre> <p><code>@defop</code> creates an entry, such as `<code>expose</code> on <code>windows</code>', in the index of functions. - <p><a name="index-deftypeop-862"></a><br><dt><code>@deftypeop </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@deftypeop</code> command is the definition command for typed + <p><a name="index-deftypeop-982"></a><br><dt><code>@deftypeop </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>The <code>@deftypeop</code> command is the definition command for typed operations in object-oriented programming. It is similar to <code>@defop</code> with the addition of the <var>data-type</var> parameter to specify the return type of the method. <code>@deftypeop</code> creates an entry in the index of functions. - <br><dt><code>@defmethod </code><var>class</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd><a name="index-defmethod-863"></a>The <code>@defmethod</code> command is the definition command for methods + <br><dt><code>@defmethod </code><var>class</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd><a name="index-defmethod-983"></a>The <code>@defmethod</code> command is the definition command for methods in object-oriented programming. A method is a kind of function that implements an operation for a particular class of objects and its subclasses. - <p><code>@defmethod</code> is equivalent to <span class="samp">@defop Method ...</span>. + <p><code>@defmethod</code> is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@defop Method ...</span></samp>’. The command is written at the beginning of a line and is followed by the name of the class of the method, the name of the method, and its arguments, if any. @@ -11742,13 +12493,13 @@ arguments, if any. <pre class="example"> @defmethod <code>bar-class</code> bar-method argument ... @end defmethod - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">illustrates the definition for a method called <code>bar-method</code> of the class <code>bar-class</code>. The method takes an argument. <p><code>@defmethod</code> creates an entry in the index of functions. - <br><dt><code>@deftypemethod </code><var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd><a name="index-defmethod-864"></a>The <code>@deftypemethod</code> command is the definition command for methods + <br><dt><code>@deftypemethod </code><var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd><a name="index-defmethod-984"></a>The <code>@deftypemethod</code> command is the definition command for methods in object-oriented typed languages, such as C++ and Java. It is similar to the <code>@defmethod</code> command with the addition of the <var>data-type</var> parameter to specify the return type of the method. @@ -11758,15 +12509,16 @@ to the <code>@defmethod</code> command with the addition of the <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Def-Cmd-Conventions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a>, +<a name="Def-Cmd-Conventions"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.6 Conventions for Writing Definitions</h3> -<p><a name="index-Definition-conventions-865"></a><a name="index-Conventions-for-writing-definitions-866"></a> +<p><a name="index-Definition-conventions-985"></a><a name="index-Conventions-for-writing-definitions-986"></a> When you write a definition using <code>@deffn</code>, <code>@defun</code>, or one of the other definition commands, please take care to use arguments that indicate the meaning, as with the <var>count</var> argument @@ -11776,52 +12528,53 @@ argument actually is of that type. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Sample-Function-Definition"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a>, +<a name="Sample-Function-Definition"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">16.7 A Sample Function Definition</h3> -<p><a name="index-Function-definitions-867"></a><a name="index-Command-definitions-868"></a><a name="index-Macro-definitions-869"></a><a name="index-Sample-function-definition-870"></a> +<p><a name="index-Function-definitions-987"></a><a name="index-Command-definitions-988"></a><a name="index-Macro-definitions-989"></a><a name="index-Sample-function-definition-990"></a> A function definition uses the <code>@defun</code> and <code>@end defun</code> commands. The name of the function follows immediately after the <code>@defun</code> command and it is followed, on the same line, by the parameter list. - <p>Here is a definition from <a href="elisp.html#Calling-Functions">Calling Functions (The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual)</a>. + <p>Here is a definition from <a href="elisp.html#Calling-Functions">Calling Functions</a>. <blockquote> - <div class="defun"> -— Function: <b>apply</b><var> function &rest arguments<a name="index-apply-871"></a></var><br> +<div class="defun"> +— Function: <b>apply</b><var> function &rest arguments<a name="index-apply-991"></a></var><br> <blockquote><p><code>apply</code> calls <var>function</var> with <var>arguments</var>, just like <code>funcall</code> but with one difference: the last of <var>arguments</var> is a list of arguments to give to <var>function</var>, rather than a single argument. We also say that this list is <dfn>appended</dfn> to the other arguments. - <p><code>apply</code> returns the result of calling <var>function</var>. + <p><code>apply</code> returns the result of calling <var>function</var>. As with <code>funcall</code>, <var>function</var> must either be a Lisp function or a primitive function; special forms and macros do not make sense in <code>apply</code>. - <pre class="example"> (setq f 'list) - => list - (apply f 'x 'y 'z) - error--> Wrong type argument: listp, z - (apply '+ 1 2 '(3 4)) - => 10 - (apply '+ '(1 2 3 4)) - => 10 - - (apply 'append '((a b c) nil (x y z) nil)) - => (a b c x y z) - </pre> - <p>An interesting example of using <code>apply</code> is found in the description + <pre class="example"> (setq f 'list) + ⇒ list + (apply f 'x 'y 'z) + error--> Wrong type argument: listp, z + (apply '+ 1 2 '(3 4)) + ⇒ 10 + (apply '+ '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ 10 + + (apply 'append '((a b c) nil (x y z) nil)) + ⇒ (a b c x y z) +</pre> + <p>An interesting example of using <code>apply</code> is found in the description of <code>mapcar</code>. </p></blockquote></div> - </blockquote> +</blockquote> <p>In the Texinfo source file, this example looks like this: @@ -11865,15 +12618,16 @@ that for functions except that variables do not take arguments. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Conditionals"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a>, +<a name="Conditionals"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">17 Conditionally Visible Text</h2> -<p><a name="index-Conditionally-visible-text-872"></a><a name="index-Text_002c-conditionally-visible-873"></a><a name="index-Visibility-of-conditional-text-874"></a><a name="index-If-text-conditionally-visible-875"></a> +<p><a name="index-Conditionally-visible-text-992"></a><a name="index-Text_002c-conditionally-visible-993"></a><a name="index-Visibility-of-conditional-text-994"></a><a name="index-If-text-conditionally-visible-995"></a> The <dfn>conditional commands</dfn> allow you to use different text for different output formats, or for general conditions that you define. For example, you can use them to specify different text for the @@ -11905,9 +12659,10 @@ is set or clear. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Conditional-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a>, +<a name="Conditional-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">17.1 Conditional Commands</h3> @@ -11916,13 +12671,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a> format, to allow conditional inclusion of text for a particular output format. - <p><a name="index-ifinfo-876"></a><code>@ifinfo</code> begins segments of text that should be ignored by -TeX when it typesets the printed manual, and by <span class="command">makeinfo</span> + <p><a name="index-ifinfo-996"></a><code>@ifinfo</code> begins segments of text that should be ignored by +TeX when it typesets the printed manual, and by <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> when not producing Info output. The segment of text appears only in the Info file and, for historical compatibility, the plain text output. - <p><a name="index-ifdocbook-877"></a><a name="index-ifhtml-878"></a><a name="index-ifplaintext-879"></a><a name="index-iftex-880"></a><a name="index-ifxml-881"></a>The environments for the other formats are analogous: + <p><a name="index-ifdocbook-997"></a><a name="index-ifhtml-998"></a><a name="index-ifplaintext-999"></a><a name="index-iftex-1000"></a><a name="index-ifxml-1001"></a>The environments for the other formats are analogous: <dl> <dt><code>@ifdocbook ... @end ifdocbook</code><dd>Text to appear only in the Docbook output. @@ -11969,15 +12724,16 @@ version of the manual you are reading. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Conditional-Not-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>, +<a name="Conditional-Not-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">17.2 Conditional Not Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-ifnotdocbook-882"></a><a name="index-ifnothtml-883"></a><a name="index-ifnotinfo-884"></a><a name="index-ifnotplaintext-885"></a><a name="index-ifnottex-886"></a><a name="index-ifnotxml-887"></a> +<p><a name="index-ifnotdocbook-1002"></a><a name="index-ifnothtml-1003"></a><a name="index-ifnotinfo-1004"></a><a name="index-ifnotplaintext-1005"></a><a name="index-ifnottex-1006"></a><a name="index-ifnotxml-1007"></a> You can specify text to be included in any output format <em>other</em> than a given one with the <code>@ifnot...</code> environments: @@ -12011,21 +12767,22 @@ with <code>@iftex</code>, not raw formatter source as with <code>@tex</code> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Raw-Formatter-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>, +<a name="Raw-Formatter-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">17.3 Raw Formatter Commands</h3> -<p><a name="index-Raw-formatter-commands-888"></a><a name="index-_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-ordinary-889"></a><a name="index-Ordinary-_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-890"></a><a name="index-Commands-using-raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-891"></a><a name="index-Docbook_002c-including-raw-892"></a><a name="index-HTML_002c-including-raw-893"></a><a name="index-XML_002c-including-raw-894"></a><a name="index-Plain-_0040TeX_007b_007d-895"></a> +<p><a name="index-Raw-formatter-commands-1008"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-ordinary-1009"></a><a name="index-Ordinary-_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-1010"></a><a name="index-Commands-using-raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1011"></a><a name="index-Docbook_002c-including-raw-1012"></a><a name="index-HTML_002c-including-raw-1013"></a><a name="index-XML_002c-including-raw-1014"></a><a name="index-Plain-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1015"></a> Inside a region delineated by <code>@iftex</code> and <code>@end iftex</code>, you can embed some raw TeX commands. The Texinfo processors will ignore such a region unless TeX output is being produced. You can write the TeX commands as you would write them in a normal TeX -file, except that you must replace the <span class="samp">\</span> used by TeX with an -<span class="samp">@</span>. For example, in the <code>@titlepage</code> section of a +file, except that you must replace the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ used by TeX with an +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’. For example, in the <code>@titlepage</code> section of a Texinfo file, you can use the TeX command <code>@vskip</code> to format the copyright page. (The <code>@titlepage</code> command causes Info to ignore the region automatically, as it does with the <code>@iftex</code> @@ -12036,7 +12793,7 @@ command.) purpose of <code>@iftex</code> is to provide conditional processing for the Texinfo source, not provide access to underlying formatting features. - <p><a name="index-tex-896"></a>You can enter plain TeX completely, and use <span class="samp">\</span> in the TeX + <p><a name="index-tex-1016"></a>You can enter plain TeX completely, and use ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ in the TeX commands, by delineating a region with the <code>@tex</code> and <code>@end tex</code> commands. All plain TeX commands and category codes are restored within an <code>@tex</code> region. The sole exception is that the @@ -12044,11 +12801,11 @@ restored within an <code>@tex</code> region. The sole exception is that the can be recognized properly. As with <code>@iftex</code>, Texinfo processors will ignore such a region unless TeX output is being produced. - <p><a name="index-_005cgdef-_0040r_007bwithin-_0040code_007b_0040_0040tex_007d_007d-897"></a>In complex cases, you may wish to define new TeX macros within + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cgdef-_0040r_007bwithin-_0040code_007b_0040_0040tex_007d_007d-1017"></a>In complex cases, you may wish to define new TeX macros within <code>@tex</code>. You must use <code>\gdef</code> to do this, not <code>\def</code>, because <code>@tex</code> regions are processed in a TeX group. - <p><a name="index-Mathematical-expressions-898"></a>As an example, here is a mathematical expression written in plain TeX: + <p><a name="index-Mathematical-expressions-1018"></a>As an example, here is a mathematical expression written in plain TeX: <pre class="example"> @tex $$ \chi^2 = \sum_{i=1}^N @@ -12060,15 +12817,15 @@ because <code>@tex</code> regions are processed in a TeX group. you are reading this in Info, you will not see the equation that appears in the printed manual. - <p><a name="index-ifhtml-899"></a><a name="index-html-900"></a>Analogously, you can use <code>@ifhtml ... @end ifhtml</code> to delimit + <p><a name="index-ifhtml-1019"></a><a name="index-html-1020"></a>Analogously, you can use <code>@ifhtml ... @end ifhtml</code> to delimit a region to be included in HTML output only, and <code>@html ... @end html</code> for a region of raw HTML. - <p><a name="index-ifxml-901"></a><a name="index-xml-902"></a>Likewise, you can use <code>@ifxml ... @end ifxml</code> to delimit + <p><a name="index-ifxml-1021"></a><a name="index-xml-1022"></a>Likewise, you can use <code>@ifxml ... @end ifxml</code> to delimit a region to be included in XML output only, and <code>@xml ... @end xml</code> for a region of raw XML. - <p><a name="index-ifdocbook-903"></a><a name="index-docbook-904"></a>Again likewise, you can use <code>@ifdocbook ... @end ifdocbook</code> + <p><a name="index-ifdocbook-1023"></a><a name="index-docbook-1024"></a>Again likewise, you can use <code>@ifdocbook ... @end ifdocbook</code> to delimit a region to be included in Docbook output only, and <code>@docbook ... @end docbook</code> for a region of raw Docbook. @@ -12078,10 +12835,11 @@ recognized. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="set-clear-value"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a>, +<a name="set-clear-value"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">17.4 <code>@set</code>, <code>@clear</code>, and <code>@value</code></h3> @@ -12094,7 +12852,7 @@ and <code>@ifclear</code> commands. sections for more details: <dl> -<dt><code>@set </code><var>flag</var><code> [</code><var>value</var><code>]</code><dd>Set the variable <var>flag</var>, to the optional <var>value</var> if specifed. +<dt><code>@set </code><var>flag</var><code> [</code><var>value</var><code>]</code><dd>Set the variable <var>flag</var>, to the optional <var>value</var> if specified. <br><dt><code>@clear </code><var>flag</var><dd>Undefine the variable <var>flag</var>, whether or not it was previously defined. @@ -12115,20 +12873,21 @@ is ignored. If <var>flag</var> is clear, text through the following <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="set-value"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a>, +<a name="set-value"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">17.4.1 <code>@set</code> and <code>@value</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-value-905"></a> +<p><a name="index-set-1025"></a><a name="index-value-1026"></a><a name="index-clear-1027"></a> You use the <code>@set</code> command to specify a value for a flag, which is later expanded by the <code>@value</code> command. <p>A <dfn>flag</dfn> (aka <dfn>variable</dfn>) is an identifier. It is best to use -only letters and numerals in a flag name, not <span class="samp">-</span> or -<span class="samp">_</span>—they will work in some contexts, but not all, due to +only letters and numerals in a flag name, not ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’—they will work in some contexts, but not all, due to limitations in TeX. <p>The value is the remainder of the input line, and can contain anything. @@ -12181,15 +12940,16 @@ subsequent <code>@value{flag}</code> command will report an error. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="ifset-ifclear"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#value-Example">value Example</a>, +<a name="ifset-ifclear"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#value-Example">value Example</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#set-value">set value</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">17.4.2 <code>@ifset</code> and <code>@ifclear</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-ifset-906"></a>When a <var>flag</var> is set, the Texinfo formatting commands format text +<p><a name="index-ifset-1028"></a>When a <var>flag</var> is set, the Texinfo formatting commands format text between subsequent pairs of <code>@ifset </code><var>flag</var> and <code>@end ifset</code> commands. When the <var>flag</var> is cleared, the Texinfo formatting commands do <em>not</em> format the text. <code>@ifclear</code> operates @@ -12205,7 +12965,7 @@ and <code>@end ifset</code> commands, like this: <p>For example, you can create one document that has two variants, such as a manual for a `large' and `small' model: - <p><a name="index-Shrubbery-907"></a> + <p><a name="index-Shrubbery-1029"></a> <pre class="example"> You can use this machine to dig up shrubs without hurting them. @@ -12235,7 +12995,7 @@ printed and Info output, you see only the lines that say, “You can use this machine to dig up shrubs without hurting them. Remember to replant promptly <small class="dots">...</small>”. - <p><a name="index-ifclear-908"></a>If a flag is cleared with an <code>@clear </code><var>flag</var> command, then + <p><a name="index-ifclear-1030"></a>If a flag is cleared with an <code>@clear </code><var>flag</var> command, then the formatting commands format text between subsequent pairs of <code>@ifclear</code> and <code>@end ifclear</code> commands. But if the flag is set with <code>@set </code><var>flag</var>, then the formatting commands do @@ -12247,9 +13007,10 @@ command looks like this: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="value-Example"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a>, +<a name="value-Example"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">17.4.3 <code>@value</code> Example</h4> @@ -12259,7 +13020,7 @@ places you need to change when you record an update to a manual. See <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>, for the full text of an example of using this to work with Automake distributions. - <p>This example is adapted from <a href="make.html#Top">Overview (The GNU Make Manual)</a>. + <p>This example is adapted from <a href="make.html#Top">Overview</a>. <ol type=1 start=1> <li>Set the flags: @@ -12268,7 +13029,7 @@ to work with Automake distributions. @set VERSION 3.63 Beta @set UPDATED 14 August 1992 @set UPDATE-MONTH August 1992 - </pre> +</pre> <li>Write text for the <code>@copying</code> section (see <a href="#copying">copying</a>): <pre class="example"> @copying @@ -12281,7 +13042,7 @@ to work with Automake distributions. Permission is granted ... @end copying - </pre> +</pre> <li>Write text for the title page, for people reading the printed manual: <pre class="example"> @titlepage @@ -12293,7 +13054,7 @@ to work with Automake distributions. @insertcopying ... @end titlepage - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">(On a printed cover, a date listing the month and the year looks less fussy than a date listing the day as well as the month and year.) @@ -12306,13 +13067,13 @@ fussy than a date listing the day as well as the month and year.) @insertcopying ... @end ifnottex - </pre> +</pre> <p>After you format the manual, the <code>@value</code> constructs have been expanded, so the output contains text like this: <pre class="example"> This is Edition 0.35 Beta, last updated 14 August 1992, of `The GNU Make Manual', for `make', Version 3.63 Beta. - </pre> +</pre> </ol> <p>When you update the manual, you change only the values of the flags; you @@ -12320,14 +13081,15 @@ do not need to edit the three sections. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Conditional-Nesting"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>, +<a name="Conditional-Nesting"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">17.5 Conditional Nesting</h3> -<p><a name="index-Conditionals_002c-nested-909"></a><a name="index-Nesting-conditionals-910"></a> +<p><a name="index-Conditionals_002c-nested-1031"></a><a name="index-Nesting-conditionals-1032"></a> Conditionals can be nested; however, the details are a little tricky. The difficulty comes with failing conditionals, such as <code>@ifhtml</code> when HTML is not being produced, where the included @@ -12367,15 +13129,16 @@ for nesting purposes. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Internationalization"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a>, +<a name="Internationalization"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">18 Internationalization</h2> -<p><a name="index-Internationalization-911"></a>Texinfo has some support for writing in languages other than English, +<p><a name="index-Internationalization-1033"></a>Texinfo has some support for writing in languages other than English, although this area still needs considerable work. <p>For a list of the various accented and special characters Texinfo @@ -12388,231 +13151,160 @@ supports, see <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="documentlanguage"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a>, +<a name="documentlanguage"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">18.1 <code>@documentlanguage </code><var>cc</var>: Set the Document Language</h3> +<h3 class="section">18.1 <code>@documentlanguage </code><var>ll</var><code>[_</code><var>cc</var><code>]</code>: Set the Document Language</h3> -<p><a name="index-documentlanguage-912"></a><a name="index-Language_002c-declaring-913"></a><a name="index-Document-language_002c-declaring-914"></a> +<p><a name="index-documentlanguage-1034"></a><a name="index-Language_002c-declaring-1035"></a><a name="index-Locale_002c-declaring-1036"></a><a name="index-Document-language_002c-declaring-1037"></a> The <code>@documentlanguage</code> command declares the current document -language. Write it on a line by itself, with a two-letter ISO-639 -language code following (list is included below). If you have a -multilingual document, the intent is to be able to use this command -multiple times, to declare each language change. If the command is not -used at all, the default is <code>en</code> for English. - - <p><a name="index-_0040file_007btxi_002d_0040var_007bcc_007d_002etex_007d-915"></a>At present, this command is ignored in Info and HTML output. For -TeX, it causes the file <span class="file">txi-</span><var>cc</var><span class="file">.tex</span> to be read (if it -exists). Such a file appropriately redefines the various English words -used in TeX output, such as `Chapter', `See', and so on. - - <p><a name="index-Hyphenation-patterns_002c-language_002ddependent-916"></a>It would be good if this command also changed TeX's ideas of the -current hyphenation patterns (via the TeX primitive -<code>\language</code>), but this is unfortunately not currently implemented. - - <p><a name="index-ISO-639-codes-917"></a><a name="index-Language-codes-918"></a>Hereare the valid language codes, from ISO-639. - - <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>aa</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Afar </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ab</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Abkhazian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>af</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Afrikaans -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>am</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Amharic </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ar</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Arabic </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>as</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Assamese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ay</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Aymara </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>az</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Azerbaijani </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ba</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Bashkir -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>be</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Byelorussian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>bg</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Bulgarian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>bh</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Bihari -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>bi</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Bislama </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>bn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Bengali; Bangla </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>bo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tibetan -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>br</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Breton </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ca</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Catalan </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>co</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Corsican -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>cs</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Czech </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>cy</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Welsh </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>da</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Danish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>de</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">German </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>dz</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Bhutani </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>el</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Greek -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>en</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">English </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>eo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Esperanto </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>es</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Spanish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>et</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Estonian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>eu</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Basque </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>fa</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Persian -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>fi</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Finnish </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>fj</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Fiji </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>fo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Faroese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>fr</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">French </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>fy</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Frisian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ga</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Irish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>gd</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Scots Gaelic </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>gl</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Galician </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>gn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Guarani -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>gu</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Gujarati </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ha</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Hausa </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>he</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Hebrew -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>hi</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Hindi </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>hr</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Croatian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>hu</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Hungarian -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>hy</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Armenian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ia</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Interlingua </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>id</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Indonesian -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ie</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Interlingue </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ik</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Inupiak </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>is</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Icelandic -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>it</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Italian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>iu</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Inuktitut </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ja</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Japanese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>jw</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Javanese </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ka</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Georgian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>kk</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kazakh -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>kl</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Greenlandic </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>km</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Cambodian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>kn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kannada -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ks</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kashmiri </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ko</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Korean </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ku</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kurdish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ky</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kirghiz </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>la</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Latin </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ln</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Lingala -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>lt</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Lithuanian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>lo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Laothian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>lv</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Latvian, Lettish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>mg</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Malagasy </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>mi</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Maori </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>mk</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Macedonian -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ml</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Malayalam </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>mn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Mongolian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>mo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Moldavian -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>mr</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Marathi </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ms</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Malay </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>mt</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Maltese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>my</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Burmese </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>na</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Nauru </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ne</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Nepali -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>nl</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Dutch </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>no</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Norwegian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>oc</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Occitan -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>om</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">(Afan) Oromo </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>or</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Oriya </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>pa</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Punjabi -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>pl</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Polish </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ps</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Pashto, Pushto </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>pt</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Portuguese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>qu</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Quechua </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>rm</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Rhaeto-Romance </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>rn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kirundi -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ro</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Romanian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ru</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Russian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>rw</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Kinyarwanda -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>sa</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Sanskrit </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sd</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Sindhi </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sg</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Sangro -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>sh</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Serbo-Croatian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>si</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Sinhalese </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sk</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Slovak -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>sl</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Slovenian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sm</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Samoan </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Shona -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>so</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Somali </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sq</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Albanian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sr</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Serbian -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ss</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Siswati </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>st</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Sesotho </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>su</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Sundanese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>sv</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Swedish </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>sw</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Swahili </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ta</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tamil -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>te</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Telugu </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>tg</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tajik </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>th</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Thai -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ti</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tigrinya </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>tk</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Turkmen </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>tl</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tagalog -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>tn</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Setswana </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>to</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tonga </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>tr</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Turkish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ts</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tsonga </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>tt</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Tatar </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>tw</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Twi -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>ug</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Uighur </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>uk</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Ukrainian </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>ur</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Urdu -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>uz</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Uzbek </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>vi</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Vietnamese </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>vo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Volapuk -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>wo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Wolof </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>xh</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Xhosa </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>yi</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Yiddish -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>yo</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Yoruba </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>za</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Zhuang </td><td valign="top" width="7%"> -<code>zh</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Chinese -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="7%"><code>zu</code> </td><td valign="top" width="26%">Zulu - <br></td></tr></table> - -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="documentencoding"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a>, +locale. Write it on a line by itself, near the beginning of the +file, but after <code>@setfilename</code> +(see <a href="#setfilename"><code>@setfilename</code></a>). + + <p>Include a two-letter ISO 639-2 language code (<var>ll</var>) following +the command name, optionally followed by a two-letter ISO 3166 +two-letter country code (<var>cc</var>). If you have a multilingual +document, the intent is to be able to use this command multiple times, +to declare each language change. If the command is not used at all, +the default is <code>en_US</code> for US English. + + <p>As with GNU Gettext (see <a href="gettext.html#Top">Top</a>), if the country +code is omitted, the main dialect is assumed where possible. For +example, <code>de</code> is equivalent to <code>de_DE</code> (German as spoken in +Germany). + + <p><a name="index-Document-strings_002c-translation-of-1038"></a>For Info and other online output, this command changes the translation +of various <dfn>document strings</dfn> such as “see” in cross-references +(see <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a>), “Function' in defuns (see <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>), and so on. Some strings, such as “Node:”, “Next:”, +“Menu:”, etc., are keywords in Info output, so are not translated +there; they are translated in other output formats. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007btxi_002d_0040var_007bcc_007d_002etex_007d-1039"></a>For TeX, this command causes a file <samp><span class="file">txi-</span><var>locale</var><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> to +be read (if it exists). If <code>@setdocumentlanguage</code> argument +contains the optional ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span><var>cc</var></samp>’ suffix, this is tried first. +For example, with <code>@setdocumentlanguage de_DE</code>, TeX first +looks for <samp><span class="file">txi-de_DE.tex</span></samp>, then <samp><span class="file">txi-de.tex</span></samp>. + + <p>Such a <samp><span class="file">txi-*</span></samp> file is intended to redefine the various English +words used in TeX output, such as `Chapter', `See', and so on. We +are aware that individual words like these cannot always be translated +in isolation, and that a very different strategy would be required for +ideographic (among other) scripts. Help in improving Texinfo's +language support is welcome. + + <p><a name="index-Hyphenation-patterns_002c-language_002ddependent-1040"></a>It would also be desirable for this command to also change TeX's +ideas of the current hyphenation patterns (via the TeX primitive +<code>\language</code>), but this is unfortunately not currently +implemented. + + <p>In September 2006, the W3C Internationalization Activity released a +new recommendation for specifying tags identifying language: +<pre class="example"> <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt</a> +</pre> + <p>When Gettext supports this new scheme, Texinfo will too. + + <p><a name="index-ISO-639_002d2-language-codes-1041"></a><a name="index-ISO-3166-country-codes-1042"></a><a name="index-Language-codes-1043"></a><a name="index-Country-codes-1044"></a>Since the lists of language codes and country codes are quite dynamic, +we don't attempt to list them here. The valid language codes are on +the official home page for ISO 639, +<a href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/">http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/</a>. The country codes and +the official web site for ISO 3166 can be found via +<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166</a>. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="documentencoding"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">18.2 <code>@documentencoding </code><var>enc</var>: Set Input Encoding</h3> -<p><a name="index-documentencoding-919"></a><a name="index-Encoding_002c-declaring-920"></a><a name="index-Input-encoding_002c-declaring-921"></a><a name="index-Character-set_002c-declaring-922"></a><a name="index-Document-input-encoding-923"></a> +<p><a name="index-documentencoding-1045"></a><a name="index-Encoding_002c-declaring-1046"></a><a name="index-Input-encoding_002c-declaring-1047"></a><a name="index-Character-set_002c-declaring-1048"></a><a name="index-Document-input-encoding-1049"></a> The <code>@documentencoding</code> command declares the input document encoding. Write it on a line by itself, with a valid encoding -specification following. +specification following, near the beginning of the file but after +<code>@setfilename</code> (see <a href="#setfilename"><code>@setfilename</code></a>). - <p>At present, Texinfo supports only three encodings: + <p>At present, Texinfo supports only these encodings: <dl> -<dt><code>US-ASCII</code><dd>This has no particular effect, but it's included for completeness. -<dt><code>ISO-8859-1</code><br><dt><code>ISO-8859-2</code><dd>These specify the standard encodings for Western European and -Eastern European languages, respectively. A full description of the -encodings is beyond our scope here; -<a href="http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html">http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html</a> is one of many useful -references. -</dl> +<dt><code>US-ASCII</code><dd>This has no particular effect, but it's included for completeness. + + <dt><code>UTF-8</code><dd>The vast global character encoding, expressed in 8-bit bytes. +The Texinfo processors have no deep knowledge of Unicode; for the most +part, they just pass along the input they are given to the output. + + <dt><code>ISO-8859-1</code><dt><code>ISO-8859-15</code><br><dt><code>ISO-8859-2</code><dd>These specify the standard encodings for Western European (the first +two) and Eastern European languages (the third), respectively. ISO +8859-15 replaces some little-used characters from 8859-1 (e.g., +precomposed fractions) with more commonly needed ones, such as the +Euro symbol (€). + + <p>A full description of the encodings is beyond our scope here; +one useful reference is <a href="http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html">http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html</a>. + + <br><dt><code>koi8-r</code><dd>This is the commonly used encoding for the Russian language. + + <br><dt><code>koi8-u</code><dd>This is the commonly used encoding for the Ukrainian language. + + </dl> <p>Specifying an encoding <var>enc</var> has the following effects: - <p><a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dencoding-924"></a><a name="index-Local-Variables_003a-section_002c-for-encoding-925"></a><a name="index-Info-output_002c-and-encoding-926"></a>In Info output, if the option <span class="option">--enable-encoding</span> is also given -to <span class="command">makeinfo</span>, a so-called `Local Variables' section -(see <a href="emacs.html#File-Variables">File Variables (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>) is output + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dencoding-1050"></a><a name="index-Local-Variables_003a-section_002c-for-encoding-1051"></a><a name="index-Info-output_002c-and-encoding-1052"></a>In Info output, unless the option <samp><span class="option">--disable-encoding</span></samp> is given +to <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>, a so-called `Local Variables' section +(see <a href="emacs.html#File-Variables">File Variables</a>) is output including <var>enc</var>. This allows Info readers to set the encoding -appropriately: +appropriately. <pre class="example"> Local Variables: coding: <var>enc</var> End: </pre> - <p><a name="index-HTML-output_002c-and-encodings-927"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bhttp_002dequiv_007d_002c-and-charset-specification-928"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007b_003cmeta_003e_007d-HTML-tag_002c-and-charset-specification-929"></a>In HTML output, a <span class="samp"><meta></span> tag is output, in the <span class="samp"><head></span> + <p>Also, in Info and plain text output (barring +<samp><span class="option">--disable-encoding</span></samp>), accent constructs and special +characters, such as <code>@'e</code>, are output as the actual 8-bit +character in the given encoding. + + <p><a name="index-HTML-output_002c-and-encodings-1053"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_002dequiv_007d_002c-and-charset-specification-1054"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_003cmeta_003e_007d-HTML-tag_002c-and-charset-specification-1055"></a>In HTML output, a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><meta></span></samp>’ tag is output, in the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><head></span></samp>’ section of the HTML, that specifies <var>enc</var>. Web servers and browsers cooperate to use this information so the correct encoding is -used to display the page. +used to display the page, if supported by the system. <pre class="example"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<var>enc</var>"> </pre> - <p>In all other cases, it is recognized but ignored. + <p>In split HTML output, if <samp><span class="option">--transliterate-file-names</span></samp> is +given (see <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a>), the names of HTML +files are formed by transliteration of the corresponding node names, +using the specified encoding. + + <p>In XML and Docbook output, the given document encoding is written in +the output file as usual with those formats. + + <p>In TeX output, the characters which are supported in the standard +Computer Modern fonts are output accordingly. (For example, this +means using constructed accents rather than precomposed glyphs.) +Using a missing character generates a warning message, as does +specifying an unimplemented encoding. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a>, +<a name="Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">19 Defining New Texinfo Commands</h2> -<p><a name="index-Macros-930"></a><a name="index-Defining-new-Texinfo-commands-931"></a><a name="index-New-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-932"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-new-933"></a><a name="index-User_002ddefined-Texinfo-commands-934"></a> +<p><a name="index-Macros-1056"></a><a name="index-Defining-new-Texinfo-commands-1057"></a><a name="index-New-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-1058"></a><a name="index-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-new-1059"></a><a name="index-User_002ddefined-Texinfo-commands-1060"></a> Texinfo provides several ways to define new commands: <ul> @@ -12625,10 +13317,10 @@ time you use the macro. command, which is for documenting macros in the subject of the manual (see <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a>). - <li><span class="samp">@alias</span> is a convenient way to define a new name for an existing + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">@alias</span></samp>’ is a convenient way to define a new name for an existing command. - <li><span class="samp">@definfoenclose</span> allows you to define new commands with + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">@definfoenclose</span></samp>’ allows you to define new commands with customized output in the Info file. </ul> @@ -12643,15 +13335,16 @@ customized output in the Info file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Defining-Macros"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a>, +<a name="Defining-Macros"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">19.1 Defining Macros</h3> -<p><a name="index-Defining-macros-935"></a><a name="index-Macro-definitions-936"></a> -<a name="index-macro-937"></a>You use the Texinfo <code>@macro</code> command to define a macro, like this: +<p><a name="index-Defining-macros-1061"></a><a name="index-Macro-definitions-1062"></a> +<a name="index-macro-1063"></a>You use the Texinfo <code>@macro</code> command to define a macro, like this: <pre class="example"> @macro <var>macroname</var>{<var>param1</var>, <var>param2</var>, ...} <var>text</var> ... \<var>param1</var>\ ... @@ -12661,39 +13354,39 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Definin arguments supplied when the macro is subsequently used in the document (described in the next section). - <p><a name="index-Macro-names_002c-valid-characters-in-938"></a><a name="index-Names-of-macros_002c-valid-characters-of-939"></a>For a macro to work consistently with TeX, <var>macroname</var> must + <p><a name="index-Macro-names_002c-valid-characters-in-1064"></a><a name="index-Names-of-macros_002c-valid-characters-of-1065"></a>For a macro to work consistently with TeX, <var>macroname</var> must consist entirely of letters: no digits, hyphens, underscores, or other special characters. So, we recommend using only letters. However, -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> will accept anything except <span class="samp">{}_^=</span>; -<span class="samp">_</span> and <span class="samp">^</span> are excluded so that macros can be called in +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> will accept anything except ‘<samp><span class="samp">{}_^=</span></samp>’; +‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">^</span></samp>’ are excluded so that macros can be called in <code>@math</code> mode without a following space (see <a href="#math"><code>@math</code></a>). <p>If a macro needs no parameters, you can define it either with an empty -list (<span class="samp">@macro foo {}</span>) or with no braces at all (<span class="samp">@macro -foo</span>). +list (‘<samp><span class="samp">@macro foo {}</span></samp>’) or with no braces at all (‘<samp><span class="samp">@macro +foo</span></samp>’). - <p><a name="index-Body-of-a-macro-940"></a><a name="index-Mutually-recursive-macros-941"></a><a name="index-Recursion_002c-mutual-942"></a>The definition or <dfn>body</dfn> of the macro can contain most Texinfo + <p><a name="index-Body-of-a-macro-1066"></a><a name="index-Mutually-recursive-macros-1067"></a><a name="index-Recursion_002c-mutual-1068"></a>The definition or <dfn>body</dfn> of the macro can contain most Texinfo commands, including previously-defined macros. Not-yet-defined macro invocations are not allowed; thus, it is not possible to have mutually recursive Texinfo macros. Also, a macro definition that defines another macro does not work in TeX due to limitations in the design of <code>@macro</code>. - <p><a name="index-Parameters-to-macros-943"></a>In the macro body, instances of a parameter name surrounded by -backslashes, as in <span class="samp">\</span><var>param1</var><span class="samp">\</span> in the example above, are + <p><a name="index-Parameters-to-macros-1069"></a>In the macro body, instances of a parameter name surrounded by +backslashes, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span><var>param1</var><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ in the example above, are replaced by the corresponding argument from the macro invocation. You can use parameter names any number of times in the body, including zero. - <p><a name="index-Backslash-in-macros-944"></a>To get a single <span class="samp">\</span> in the macro expansion, use <span class="samp">\\</span>. Any -other use of <span class="samp">\</span> in the body yields a warning. + <p><a name="index-Backslash-in-macros-1070"></a>To get a single ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ in the macro expansion, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">\\</span></samp>’. Any +other use of ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ in the body yields a warning. - <p><a name="index-Spaces-in-macros-945"></a><a name="index-Whitespace-in-macros-946"></a>The newlines after the <code>@macro</code> line and before the <code>@end + <p><a name="index-Spaces-in-macros-1071"></a><a name="index-Whitespace-in-macros-1072"></a>The newlines after the <code>@macro</code> line and before the <code>@end macro</code> line are ignored, that is, not included in the macro body. All other whitespace is treated according to the usual Texinfo rules. - <p><a name="index-Recursive-macro-invocations-947"></a><a name="index-rmacro-948"></a>To allow a macro to be used recursively, that is, in an argument to a -call to itself, you must define it with <span class="samp">@rmacro</span>, like this: + <p><a name="index-Recursive-macro-invocations-1073"></a><a name="index-rmacro-1074"></a>To allow a macro to be used recursively, that is, in an argument to a +call to itself, you must define it with ‘<samp><span class="samp">@rmacro</span></samp>’, like this: <pre class="example"> @rmacro rmac {arg} a\arg\b @@ -12701,10 +13394,10 @@ call to itself, you must define it with <span class="samp">@rmacro</span>, like ... @rmac{1@rmac{text}2} </pre> - <p>This produces the output `a1atextb2b'. With <span class="samp">@macro</span> instead of -<span class="samp">@rmacro</span>, an error message is given. + <p>This produces the output `a1atextb2b'. With ‘<samp><span class="samp">@macro</span></samp>’ instead of +‘<samp><span class="samp">@rmacro</span></samp>’, an error message is given. - <p><a name="index-unmacro-949"></a><a name="index-Macros_002c-undefining-950"></a><a name="index-Undefining-macros-951"></a>You can undefine a macro <var>foo</var> with <code>@unmacro </code><var>foo</var>. + <p><a name="index-unmacro-1075"></a><a name="index-Macros_002c-undefining-1076"></a><a name="index-Undefining-macros-1077"></a>You can undefine a macro <var>foo</var> with <code>@unmacro </code><var>foo</var>. It is not an error to undefine a macro that is already undefined. For example: @@ -12712,15 +13405,16 @@ For example: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Invoking-Macros"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a>, +<a name="Invoking-Macros"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">19.2 Invoking Macros</h3> -<p><a name="index-Invoking-macros-952"></a><a name="index-Expanding-macros-953"></a><a name="index-Running-macros-954"></a><a name="index-Macro-invocation-955"></a> +<p><a name="index-Invoking-macros-1078"></a><a name="index-Expanding-macros-1079"></a><a name="index-Running-macros-1080"></a><a name="index-Macro-invocation-1081"></a> After a macro is defined (see the previous section), you can use (<dfn>invoke</dfn>) it in your document like this: @@ -12738,7 +13432,7 @@ After a macro is defined (see the previous section), you can use <pre class="display"> Together: a & b. </pre> - <p><a name="index-Backslash_002c-and-macros-956"></a>Thus, the arguments and parameters are separated by commas and delimited + <p><a name="index-Backslash_002c-and-macros-1082"></a>Thus, the arguments and parameters are separated by commas and delimited by braces; any whitespace after (but not before) a comma is ignored. The braces are required in the invocation (but not the definition), even when the macro takes no arguments, consistent with all other Texinfo @@ -12753,13 +13447,61 @@ commands. For example: <pre class="display"> No arguments here. </pre> - <p><a name="index-Comma_002c-in-macro-arguments-957"></a><a name="index-Braces_002c-in-macro-arguments-958"></a>To insert a comma, brace, or backslash in an argument, prepend a -backslash, as in + <p><a name="index-Comma_002c-in-macro-arguments-1083"></a>Passing strings containing commas as macro arguments requires special +care, since they should be properly <dfn>quoted</dfn> to prevent +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> from confusing them with argument separators. To +manually quote a comma, prepend it with a backslash character, like +this: <code>\,</code>. Alternatively, use the <code>@comma</code> command +(see <a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a>). However, to facilitate use of macros, +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> implements a set of rules called <dfn>automatic +quoting</dfn>: + + <ol type=1 start=1> +<li>If a macro takes only one argument, all commas in its invocation +are quoted by default. For example: + + <pre class="example"> @macro FIXME{text} + @strong{FIXME: \text\} + @end macro + + @FIXME{A nice feature, though it can be dangerous.} +</pre> + <p class="noindent">will produce the following output + + <pre class="example"> <strong>FIXME: A nice feature, though it can be dangerous.</strong> +</pre> + <p>And indeed, it can. Namely, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> +does not control number of arguments passed to one-argument +macros, so be careful when you invoke them. + + <li>If a macro invocation includes another command (including a +recursive invocation of itself), any commas in the nested command +invocation(s) are quoted by default. For example, in + + <pre class="example"> @say{@strong{Yes, I do}, person one} +</pre> + <p>the comma after ‘<samp><span class="samp">Yes</span></samp>’ is implicitly quoted. Here's another +example, with a recursive macro: + + <pre class="example"> @rmacro cat{a,b} + \a\\b\ + @end rmacro + + @cat{@cat{foo, bar}, baz} +</pre> + <p class="noindent">will produce the string ‘<samp><span class="samp">foobarbaz</span></samp>’. + + <li>Otherwise, a comma should be explicitly quoted, as above, to be +treated as a part of an argument. + </ol> + + <p><a name="index-Braces_002c-in-macro-arguments-1084"></a>Other characters that need to be quoted in macro arguments are +curly braces and backslash. For example <pre class="example"> @<var>macname</var> {\\\{\}\,} </pre> - <p class="noindent">which will pass the (almost certainly error-producing) argument -<span class="samp">\{},</span> to <var>macname</var>. However, commas in parameters, even + <p class="noindent">will pass the (almost certainly error-producing) argument +‘<samp><span class="samp">\{},</span></samp>’ to <var>macname</var>. However, commas in parameters, even if escaped by a backslash, might cause trouble in TeX. <p>If the macro is defined to take a single argument, and is invoked @@ -12791,19 +13533,20 @@ commas. For example: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Macro-Details"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#alias">alias</a>, +<a name="Macro-Details"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#alias">alias</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">19.3 Macro Details</h3> +<h3 class="section">19.3 Macro Details and Caveats</h3> -<p><a name="index-Macro-details-959"></a><a name="index-Details-of-macro-usage-960"></a> +<p><a name="index-Macro-details-1085"></a><a name="index-Details-of-macro-usage-1086"></a><a name="index-Caveats-for-macro-usage-1087"></a> Due to unavoidable limitations, certain macro-related constructs cause problems with TeX. If you get macro-related errors when producing the printed version of a manual, try expanding the macros with -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> by invoking <span class="command">texi2dvi</span> with the <span class="samp">-E</span> +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> by invoking <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>’ option (see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>). <ul> @@ -12811,22 +13554,59 @@ option (see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>). <li>It is not advisable to redefine any TeX primitive, plain, or Texinfo command name as a macro. Unfortunately this is a very large -set of names, and the possible resulting errors are completely random. +set of names, and the possible resulting errors are unpredictable. <li>All macros are expanded inside at least one TeX group. This means that <code>@set</code> and other such commands have no effect inside a macro. - <li>Macros containing a command which must be on a line by itself, such as a -conditional, cannot be invoked in the middle of a line. - <li>Commas in macro arguments, even if escaped by a backslash, don't always work. - <li>It is best to avoid comments inside macro definitions. - <li>Macro arguments cannot cross lines. + <li>It is (usually) best to avoid comments inside macro definitions, but +see the next item. + + <li>Macros containing a command which must be on a line by itself, such as +a conditional, cannot be invoked in the middle of a line. In general, +the interaction of newlines in the macro definitions and invocations +depends on the precise commands and context. You may be able to work +around some problems with judicious use of <code>@c</code>. Suppose you +define a macro that is always intended to be used on a line by itself: + + <pre class="example"> @macro linemac + @cindex whatever + @c + @end macro + ... + foo + @linemac + bar +</pre> + <p>Without the <code>@c</code>, there will be an unwanted blank line between +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@cindex whatever</span></samp>’ and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>’ (one newline comes +from the macro definition, one from after the invocation), causing a +paragraph break. + + <p>On the other hand, you wouldn't want the <code>@c</code> if the macro was +sometimes invoked in the middle of a line (the text after the +invocation would be treated as a comment). + + <li>In general, you can't arbitrarily substitute a macro call for Texinfo +command arguments, even when the text is the same. It might work with +some commands, it fails with others. Best not to do it at all. For +instance, this fails: + + <pre class="example"> @macro offmacro + off + @end macro + @headings @offmacro +</pre> + <p class="noindent">You would expect this to be equivalent to <code>@headings off</code>, but +for TeXnical reasons, it fails with a mysterious error message +(<code>Paragraph ended before @headings was complete</code>). + <li>Macros cannot define macros in the natural way. To do this, you must use conditionals and raw TeX. For example: @@ -12841,10 +13621,10 @@ use conditionals and raw TeX. For example: \gdef\ctor#1{\ctorx#1,} \gdef\ctorx#1,#2,{\def#1{something involving #2 somehow}} @end tex - </pre> +</pre> </ul> - <p>The <span class="command">makeinfo</span> implementation also has limitations: + <p>The <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> implementation also has limitations: <ul> <li><code>@verbatim</code> and macros do not mix; for instance, you can't start @@ -12870,21 +13650,22 @@ ignored at the beginnings of lines. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="alias"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a>, +<a name="alias"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">19.4 <span class="samp">@alias </span><var>new</var><span class="samp">=</span><var>existing</var></h3> +<h3 class="section">19.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">@alias </span><var>new</var><span class="samp">=</span><var>existing</var></samp>’</h3> -<p><a name="index-Aliases_002c-command-961"></a><a name="index-Command-aliases-962"></a><a name="index-alias-963"></a> -The <span class="samp">@alias</span> command defines a new command to be just like an +<p><a name="index-Aliases_002c-command-1088"></a><a name="index-Command-aliases-1089"></a><a name="index-alias-1090"></a> +The ‘<samp><span class="samp">@alias</span></samp>’ command defines a new command to be just like an existing one. This is useful for defining additional markup names, thus preserving semantic information in the input even though the output result may be the same. - <p>Write the <span class="samp">@alias</span> command on a line by itself, followed by the + <p>Write the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@alias</span></samp>’ command on a line by itself, followed by the new command name, an equals sign, and the existing command name. Whitespace around the equals sign is ignored. Thus: <pre class="example"> @alias <var>new</var> = <var>existing</var> @@ -12910,14 +13691,15 @@ set of names, and the possible resulting errors are completely random. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="definfoenclose"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#alias">alias</a>, +<a name="definfoenclose"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#alias">alias</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a> -<br> + </div> -<h3 class="section">19.5 <span class="samp">definfoenclose</span>: Customized Highlighting</h3> +<h3 class="section">19.5 ‘<samp><span class="samp">definfoenclose</span></samp>’: Customized Highlighting</h3> -<p><a name="index-Highlighting_002c-customized-964"></a><a name="index-Customized-highlighting-965"></a><a name="index-definfoenclose-966"></a> +<p><a name="index-Highlighting_002c-customized-1091"></a><a name="index-Customized-highlighting-1092"></a><a name="index-definfoenclose-1093"></a> A <code>@definfoenclose</code> command may be used to define a highlighting command for Info, but not for TeX. A command defined using <code>@definfoenclose</code> marks text by enclosing it in strings that @@ -12926,7 +13708,7 @@ your Info output. <p>Presumably, if you define a command with <code>@definfoenclose</code> for Info, you will create a corresponding command for TeX, either in -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>, <span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span>, or within an <span class="samp">@iftex</span> in +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp>, or within an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@iftex</span></samp>’ in your document. <p>Write a <code>@definfoenclose</code> command on a line and follow it with @@ -12941,14 +13723,14 @@ follow the command name with two commas in a row; otherwise, the Info formatting commands will naturally misinterpret the end delimiter string you intended as the start delimiter string. - <p>If you do a <code>@definfoenclose</code> on the name of a pre-defined macro + <p>If you do a <code>@definfoenclose</code> on the name of a predefined macro (such as <code>@emph</code>, <code>@strong</code>, <code>@t</code>, or <code>@i</code>), the enclosure definition will override the built-in definition. <p>An enclosure command defined this way takes one argument in braces; this is intended for new markup commands (see <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a>). - <p><a name="index-phoo-967"></a>For example, you can write: + <p><a name="index-phoo-1094"></a>For example, you can write: <pre class="example"> @definfoenclose phoo,//,\\ </pre> @@ -12968,10 +13750,10 @@ argument to <code>@phoo</code> in italics. <p>Each definition applies to its own formatter: one for TeX, the other for <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> or <code>texinfo-format-region</code>. The -<code>@definfoenclose</code> command need not be within <span class="samp">@ifinfo</span>, but -the raw TeX commands do need to be in <span class="samp">@iftex</span>. +<code>@definfoenclose</code> command need not be within ‘<samp><span class="samp">@ifinfo</span></samp>’, but +the raw TeX commands do need to be in ‘<samp><span class="samp">@iftex</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-headword-968"></a>Here is another example: write + <p><a name="index-headword-1095"></a>Here is another example: write <pre class="example"> @definfoenclose headword, , : </pre> @@ -12979,20 +13761,21 @@ the raw TeX commands do need to be in <span class="samp">@iftex</span>. formatting command that inserts nothing before and a colon after the argument to <code>@headword</code>. - <p><span class="samp">@definfoenclose</span> definitions must not be recursive, directly or + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">@definfoenclose</span></samp>’ definitions must not be recursive, directly or indirectly. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Hardcopy"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a>, +<a name="Hardcopy"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">20 Formatting and Printing Hardcopy</h2> -<p><a name="index-Format-and-print-hardcopy-969"></a><a name="index-Printing-hardcopy-970"></a><a name="index-Hardcopy_002c-printing-it-971"></a><a name="index-Making-a-printed-manual-972"></a><a name="index-Sorting-indices-973"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-sorting-974"></a><a name="index-_0040TeX_007b_007d-index-sorting-975"></a><a name="index-texindex-976"></a> +<p><a name="index-Format-and-print-hardcopy-1096"></a><a name="index-Printing-hardcopy-1097"></a><a name="index-Hardcopy_002c-printing-it-1098"></a><a name="index-Making-a-printed-manual-1099"></a><a name="index-Sorting-indices-1100"></a><a name="index-Indices_002c-sorting-1101"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-index-sorting-1102"></a><a name="index-texindex-1103"></a> There are three major shell commands for making a printed manual from a Texinfo file: one for converting the Texinfo file into a file that will be printed, a second for sorting indices, and a third for printing the @@ -13028,9 +13811,10 @@ print queue, and delete a job from the print queue. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Use-TeX"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a>, +<a name="Use-TeX"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.1 Use TeX</h3> @@ -13046,15 +13830,17 @@ process them differently to make an Info file (see <a href="#Creating-an-Info-Fi <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Format-with-tex_002ftexindex"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>, +<a name="Format-with-tex%2ftexindex"></a> +<a name="Format-with-tex_002ftexindex"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Use-TeX">Use TeX</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.2 Format with <code>tex</code> and <code>texindex</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Shell-formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-977"></a><a name="index-Formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-978"></a><a name="index-DVI-file-979"></a> +<p><a name="index-Shell-formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-1104"></a><a name="index-Formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-1105"></a><a name="index-DVI-file-1106"></a> You can format the Texinfo file with the shell command <code>tex</code> followed by the name of the Texinfo file. For example: @@ -13065,37 +13851,37 @@ files containing information for indices, cross references, etc. The DVI file (for <dfn>DeVice Independent</dfn> file) can be printed on virtually any device (see the following sections). - <p><a name="index-texindex-980"></a>The <code>tex</code> formatting command itself does not sort the indices; it -writes an output file of unsorted index data. (The <code>texi2dvi</code> -command automatically generates indices; see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with <code>texi2dvi</code></a>.) To generate a printed index after -running the <code>tex</code> command, you first need a sorted index to work -from. The <code>texindex</code> command sorts indices. (The source file -<span class="file">texindex.c</span> comes as part of the standard Texinfo distribution, -among other places.) + <p><a name="index-texindex-1107"></a>The <code>tex</code> formatting command itself does not sort the indices; it +writes an output file of unsorted index data. To generate a printed +index after running the <samp><span class="command">tex</span></samp> command, you first need a sorted +index to work from. The <samp><span class="command">texindex</span></samp> command sorts indices. +(The source file <samp><span class="file">texindex.c</span></samp> comes as part of the standard +Texinfo distribution, among other places.) (<samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> runs +<samp><span class="command">tex</span></samp> and <samp><span class="command">texindex</span></samp> as necessary.) - <p><a name="index-Names-of-index-files-981"></a><a name="index-Index-file-names-982"></a>The <code>tex</code> formatting command outputs unsorted index files under + <p><a name="index-Names-of-index-files-1108"></a><a name="index-Index-file-names-1109"></a>The <code>tex</code> formatting command outputs unsorted index files under names that obey a standard convention: the name of your main input file -with any <span class="samp">.tex</span> (or similar, see <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation (Web2c)</a>) extension removed, followed by the two letter names of indices. +with any ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>’ (or similar, see <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>) extension removed, followed by the two letter names of indices. For example, the raw index output files for the input file -<span class="file">foo.texinfo</span> would be <span class="file">foo.cp</span>, <span class="file">foo.vr</span>, <span class="file">foo.fn</span>, -<span class="file">foo.tp</span>, <span class="file">foo.pg</span> and <span class="file">foo.ky</span>. Those are exactly the +<samp><span class="file">foo.texinfo</span></samp> would be <samp><span class="file">foo.cp</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo.vr</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo.fn</span></samp>, +<samp><span class="file">foo.tp</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo.pg</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">foo.ky</span></samp>. Those are exactly the arguments to give to <code>texindex</code>. - <p><a name="index-Wildcards-983"></a><a name="index-Globbing-984"></a>Instead of specifying all the unsorted index file names explicitly, you -can use <span class="samp">??</span> as shell wildcards and give the command in this + <p><a name="index-Wildcards-1110"></a><a name="index-Globbing-1111"></a>Instead of specifying all the unsorted index file names explicitly, you +can use ‘<samp><span class="samp">??</span></samp>’ as shell wildcards and give the command in this form: <pre class="example"> texindex foo.?? </pre> <p class="noindent">This command will run <code>texindex</code> on all the unsorted index files, including any that you have defined yourself using <code>@defindex</code> -or <code>@defcodeindex</code>. (You may execute <span class="samp">texindex foo.??</span> +or <code>@defcodeindex</code>. (You may execute ‘<samp><span class="samp">texindex foo.??</span></samp>’ even if there are similarly named files with two letter extensions -that are not index files, such as <span class="samp">foo.el</span>. The <code>texindex</code> +that are not index files, such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo.el</span></samp>’. The <code>texindex</code> command reports but otherwise ignores such files.) <p>For each file specified, <code>texindex</code> generates a sorted index file -whose name is made by appending <span class="samp">s</span> to the input file name. The +whose name is made by appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ to the input file name. The <code>@printindex</code> command looks for a file with that name (see <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a>). <code>texindex</code> does not alter the raw index output file. @@ -13127,7 +13913,7 @@ numbers for the cross-references from last time, generally incorrect. written for the cross-references. </ol> - <p><a name="index-texi2dvi-985"></a>Alternatively, it's a one-step process: run <code>texi2dvi</code> + <p><a name="index-texi2dvi-1112"></a>Alternatively, it's a one-step process: run <code>texi2dvi</code> (see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>). <p>You need not run <code>texindex</code> each time after you run <code>tex</code>. If @@ -13135,7 +13921,7 @@ you do not, on the next run, the <code>tex</code> formatting command will use whatever sorted index files happen to exist from the previous use of <code>texindex</code>. This is usually ok while you are debugging. - <p><a name="index-Auxiliary-files_002c-avoiding-986"></a><a name="index-novalidate-987"></a><a name="index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-988"></a><a name="index-Chapters_002c-formatting-one-at-a-time-989"></a>Sometimes you may wish to print a document while you know it is + <p><a name="index-Auxiliary-files_002c-avoiding-1113"></a><a name="index-novalidate-1114"></a><a name="index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-1115"></a><a name="index-Chapters_002c-formatting-one-at-a-time-1116"></a>Sometimes you may wish to print a document while you know it is incomplete, or to print just one chapter of a document. In that case, the usual auxiliary files that TeX creates and warnings TeX gives when cross-references are not satisfied are just nuisances. You can @@ -13155,62 +13941,108 @@ your file would look approximately like this: <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Format-with-texi2dvi"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a>, +<a name="Format-with-texi2dvi"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.3 Format with <code>texi2dvi</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-texi2dvi-_0040r_007b_0028shell-script_0029_007d-990"></a> +<p><a name="index-texi2dvi-_0040r_007b_0028shell-script_0029_007d-1117"></a> The <code>texi2dvi</code> command automatically runs both TeX and -<span class="command">texindex</span> as many times as necessary to produce a DVI file +<samp><span class="command">texindex</span></samp> as many times as necessary to produce a DVI file with sorted indices and all cross-references resolved. It is therefore simpler than manually executing the <code>tex</code>—<code>texindex</code>—<code>tex</code>—<code>tex</code> sequence described in the previous section. - <p>To run <code>texi2dvi</code> on an input file <span class="file">foo.texi</span>, do this (where -<span class="samp">prompt$ </span> is your shell prompt): + <p>To run <code>texi2dvi</code> on an input file <samp><span class="file">foo.texi</span></samp>, do this (where +‘<samp><span class="samp">prompt$ </span></samp>’ is your shell prompt): <pre class="example"> prompt$ <kbd>texi2dvi foo.texi</kbd> </pre> <p>As shown in this example, the input filenames to <code>texi2dvi</code> must -include any extension (<span class="samp">.texi</span>, <span class="samp">.texinfo</span>, etc.). Under -MS-DOS and perhaps in other circumstances, you may need to run <span class="samp">sh -texi2dvi foo.texi</span> instead of relying on the operating system to invoke -the shell on the <span class="samp">texi2dvi</span> script. - - <p>Perhaps the most useful option to <code>texi2dvi</code> is -<span class="samp">--command=</span><var>cmd</var>. This inserts <var>cmd</var> on a line by itself -after the <code>@setfilename</code> in a temporary copy of the input file -before running TeX. With this, you can specify different printing +include any extension (‘<samp><span class="samp">.texi</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.texinfo</span></samp>’, etc.). Under +MS-DOS and perhaps in other circumstances, you may need to run ‘<samp><span class="samp">sh +texi2dvi foo.texi</span></samp>’ instead of relying on the operating system to invoke +the shell on the ‘<samp><span class="samp">texi2dvi</span></samp>’ script. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcommand-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1118"></a>One useful option to <code>texi2dvi</code> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">--command=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>’. +This inserts <var>cmd</var> on a line by itself after the +<code>@setfilename</code> in a temporary copy of the input file before +running TeX. With this, you can specify different printing formats, such as <code>@smallbook</code> (see <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a>), <code>@afourpaper</code> (see <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>), or <code>@pagesizes</code> (see <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a>), without actually changing the document source. -(You can also do this on a site-wide basis with <span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span>; +(You can also do this on a site-wide basis with <samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp>; see <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>). - <p><a name="index-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d_002c-processing-with-_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d-991"></a><span class="command">texi2dvi</span> can also be used to process LaTeX files; simply -run <span class="samp">texi2dvi filename.ext</span>. - - <p>For a list of other options, run <span class="samp">texi2dvi --help</span>. - -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="Print-with-lpr"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a>, + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpdf-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1119"></a>With the <samp><span class="option">--pdf</span></samp> option, <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> produces PDF output +instead of DVI (see <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>), by running <samp><span class="command">pdftex</span></samp> +instead of <samp><span class="command">tex</span></samp>. Alternatively, the command +<samp><span class="command">texi2pdf</span></samp> is an abbreviation for running ‘<samp><span class="samp">texi2dvi +--pdf</span></samp>’. The command <samp><span class="command">pdftexi2dvi</span></samp> is also supported as a +convenience to AUC-TeX users, since the latter merely prepends +‘<samp><span class="samp">pdf</span></samp>’ to DVI producing tools to have PDF producing tools. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d_002c-processing-with-_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d-1120"></a><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> can also be used to process LaTeX files; simply +run ‘<samp><span class="samp">texi2dvi filename.ext</span></samp>’. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dlanguage-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1121"></a>Normally <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> is able to guess the input file language +by its contents and file name suffix. If, however, it fails to do so +you can specify the input language using +<samp><span class="option">--language=</span><var>lang</var></samp> command line option, where <var>lang</var> +is either ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">texinfo</span></samp>’. + + <p><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> will use <samp><span class="command">etex</span></samp> (or <samp><span class="command">pdfetex</span></samp>) if +they are available; these extended versions of TeX are not +required, and the DVI (or PDF) output is identical, but they simplify +the TeX programming in some cases, and provide additional tracing +information when debugging <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dtranslate_002dfile-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1122"></a>Several options are provided for handling documents, written in +character sets other than ASCII. The +<samp><span class="option">--translate-file=</span><var>file</var></samp> option instructs +<samp><span class="command">texi2dv</span></samp> to translate input into internal TeX character +set using <dfn>translation file</dfn> <var>file</var> (see <a href="web2c.html#TCX-files">TCX files</a>). + + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002drecode-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1123"></a>The options <samp><span class="option">--recode</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">--recode-from=</span><var>enc</var></samp> +allow conversion of an input document before running TeX. The +<samp><span class="option">--recode</span></samp> option recodes the document from encoding specified +by ‘<samp><span class="samp">@documentencoding</span></samp>’ command +(see <a href="#documentencoding"><code>documentencoding</code></a>) to plain 7-bit +‘<samp><span class="samp">texinfo</span></samp>’ encoding. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002drecode_002dfrom-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1124"></a>The option <samp><span class="option">--recode-from=</span><var>enc</var></samp> recodes the document from +<var>enc</var> encoding to the encoding specified by +‘<samp><span class="samp">@documentencoding</span></samp>’. This is useful, for example, if the +document is written in ‘<samp><span class="samp">UTF-8</span></samp>’ encoding and an equivalent 8-bit +encoding is supported by <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>. + + <p>Both <samp><span class="option">--recode</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">--recode-from=</span><var>enc</var></samp> use +<samp><span class="command">recode</span></samp> utility to perform the conversion. If +<samp><span class="command">recode</span></samp> fails to process the file, <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> prints +a warning and continues using unmodified input file. + + <p>For a list of other options, run ‘<samp><span class="samp">texi2dvi --help</span></samp>’. + +<div class="node"> +<p><hr> +<a name="Print-with-lpr"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.4 Shell Print Using <code>lpr -d</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-lpr-_0040r_007b_0028DVI-print-command_0029_007d-992"></a> +<p><a name="index-lpr-_0040r_007b_0028DVI-print-command_0029_007d-1125"></a> The precise command to print a DVI file depends on your system -installation. Two common ones are <span class="samp">dvips foo.dvi -o</span> and <span class="samp">lpr --d foo.dvi</span>. +installation. Two common ones are ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvips foo.dvi -o</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">lpr +-d foo.dvi</span></samp>’. <p>For example, the following commands will (perhaps) suffice to sort the indices, format, and print the <cite>Bison Manual</cite>: @@ -13229,11 +14061,11 @@ these are commonly used versions.) lpr -d bison.dvi # or perhaps dvips bison.dvi -o </pre> - <p><a name="index-Shell-printing_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-993"></a><a name="index-Printing-DVI-files_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-994"></a><a name="index-lpr_0040r_007b_002dd_002c-replacements-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows_007d-995"></a><code>lpr</code> is a standard program on Unix systems, but it is usually + <p><a name="index-Shell-printing_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-1126"></a><a name="index-Printing-DVI-files_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-1127"></a><a name="index-lpr_0040r_007b_002dd_002c-replacements-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows_007d-1128"></a><code>lpr</code> is a standard program on Unix systems, but it is usually absent on MS-DOS/MS-Windows. Some network packages come with a program named <code>lpr</code>, but these are usually limited to sending files to a print server over the network, and generally don't support the -<span class="samp">-d</span> option. If you are unfortunate enough to work on one of these +‘<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>’ option. If you are unfortunate enough to work on one of these systems, you have several alternative ways of printing DVI files: <ul> @@ -13249,25 +14081,26 @@ network software will have a special option to send a file to specific queues, like this: <pre class="example"> lpr -Qdvi -hprint.server.domain bison.dvi - </pre> +</pre> <li>Convert the DVI file to a Postscript or PCL file and send it to your -local printer. See <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips (Dvips)</a>, and the man +local printer. See <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>, and the man pages for <code>dvilj</code>, for detailed description of these tools. Once the DVI file is converted to the format your local printer understands -directly, just send it to the appropriate port, usually <span class="samp">PRN</span>. +directly, just send it to the appropriate port, usually ‘<samp><span class="samp">PRN</span></samp>’. </ul> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Within-Emacs"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a>, +<a name="Within-Emacs"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.5 From an Emacs Shell</h3> -<p><a name="index-Print_002c-format-from-Emacs-shell-996"></a><a name="index-Format_002c-print-from-Emacs-shell-997"></a><a name="index-Shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-998"></a><a name="index-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-999"></a><a name="index-GNU-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1000"></a> +<p><a name="index-Print_002c-format-from-Emacs-shell-1129"></a><a name="index-Format_002c-print-from-Emacs-shell-1130"></a><a name="index-Shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1131"></a><a name="index-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1132"></a><a name="index-GNU-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1133"></a> You can give formatting and printing commands from a shell within GNU Emacs. To create a shell within Emacs, type <kbd>M-x shell</kbd>. In this shell, you can format and print the document. See <a href="#Hardcopy">Format and Print Hardcopy</a>, for details. @@ -13288,15 +14121,16 @@ and printing in Texinfo mode. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Texinfo-Mode-Printing"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a>, +<a name="Texinfo-Mode-Printing"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.6 Formatting and Printing in Texinfo Mode</h3> -<p><a name="index-Region-printing-in-Texinfo-mode-1001"></a><a name="index-Format-and-print-in-Texinfo-mode-1002"></a><a name="index-Print-and-format-in-Texinfo-mode-1003"></a> +<p><a name="index-Region-printing-in-Texinfo-mode-1134"></a><a name="index-Format-and-print-in-Texinfo-mode-1135"></a><a name="index-Print-and-format-in-Texinfo-mode-1136"></a> Texinfo mode provides several predefined key commands for TeX formatting and printing. These include commands for sorting indices, looking at the printer queue, killing the formatting job, and @@ -13326,7 +14160,7 @@ process running in the Texinfo shell buffer. <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-x</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x texinfo-quit-job</kbd><dd>Quit a TeX formatting job that has stopped because of an error by sending an <x> to it. When you do this, TeX preserves a record -of what it did in a <span class="file">.log</span> file. +of what it did in a <samp><span class="file">.log</span></samp> file. <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-t C-l</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x tex-recenter-output-buffer</kbd><dd>Redisplay the shell buffer in which the TeX printing and formatting commands are run to show its most recent output. @@ -13340,12 +14174,12 @@ follows (with comments to the right): C-c C-t C-q <span class="roman">Display the printer queue.</span> </pre> <p>The Texinfo mode TeX formatting commands start a subshell in Emacs -called the <span class="file">*tex-shell*</span>. The <code>texinfo-tex-command</code>, +called the <samp><span class="file">*tex-shell*</span></samp>. The <code>texinfo-tex-command</code>, <code>texinfo-texindex-command</code>, and <code>tex-dvi-print-command</code> commands are all run in this shell. - <p>You can watch the commands operate in the <span class="samp">*tex-shell*</span> buffer, -and you can switch to and from and use the <span class="samp">*tex-shell*</span> buffer + <p>You can watch the commands operate in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*tex-shell*</span></samp>’ buffer, +and you can switch to and from and use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*tex-shell*</span></samp>’ buffer as you would any other shell buffer. <p>The formatting and print commands depend on the values of several variables. @@ -13364,33 +14198,35 @@ The default values are: tex-show-queue-command "lpq" </pre> <p>You can change the values of these variables with the <kbd>M-x -set-variable</kbd> command (see <a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>), or with your <span class="file">.emacs</span> -initialization file (see <a href="emacs.html#Init-File">Init File (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>). +set-variable</kbd> command (see <a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables</a>), or with your <samp><span class="file">.emacs</span></samp> +initialization file (see <a href="emacs.html#Init-File">Init File</a>). - <p><a name="index-Customize-Emacs-package-_0028_0040t_007bDevelopment_002fDocs_002fTexinfo_007d_0029-1004"></a>Beginning with version 20, GNU Emacs offers a user-friendly interface, + <p><a name="index-Customize-Emacs-package-_0028_0040t_007bDevelopment_002fDocs_002fTexinfo_007d_0029-1137"></a>Beginning with version 20, GNU Emacs offers a user-friendly interface, called <dfn>Customize</dfn>, for changing values of user-definable variables. -See <a href="emacs.html#Easy-Customization">Easy Customization Interface (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more details about this. The Texinfo variables can -be found in the <span class="samp">Development/Docs/Texinfo</span> group, once you invoke +See <a href="emacs.html#Easy-Customization">Easy Customization Interface</a>, for more details about this. The Texinfo variables can +be found in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Development/Docs/Texinfo</span></samp>’ group, once you invoke the <kbd>M-x customize</kbd> command. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Compile_002dCommand"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a>, +<a name="Compile-Command"></a> +<a name="Compile_002dCommand"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.7 Using the Local Variables List</h3> -<p><a name="index-Local-variables-1005"></a><a name="index-Compile-command-for-formatting-1006"></a><a name="index-Format-with-the-compile-command-1007"></a> +<p><a name="index-Local-variables-1138"></a><a name="index-Compile-command-for-formatting-1139"></a><a name="index-Format-with-the-compile-command-1140"></a> Yet another way to apply the TeX formatting command to a Texinfo file is to put that command in a <dfn>local variables list</dfn> at the end of the Texinfo file. You can then specify the <code>tex</code> or <code>texi2dvi</code> commands as a <code>compile-command</code> and have Emacs run it by typing <kbd>M-x compile</kbd>. This creates a special shell called the -<span class="file">*compilation*</span> buffer in which Emacs runs the compile command. -For example, at the end of the <span class="file">gdb.texinfo</span> file, after the +<samp><span class="file">*compilation*</span></samp> buffer in which Emacs runs the compile command. +For example, at the end of the <samp><span class="file">gdb.texinfo</span></samp> file, after the <code>@bye</code>, you could put the following: <pre class="example"> Local Variables: @@ -13398,19 +14234,20 @@ For example, at the end of the <span class="file">gdb.texinfo</span> file, after End: </pre> <p class="noindent">This technique is most often used by programmers who also compile programs -this way; see <a href="emacs.html#Compilation">Compilation (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>. +this way; see <a href="emacs.html#Compilation">Compilation</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Requirements-Summary"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>, +<a name="Requirements-Summary"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.8 TeX Formatting Requirements Summary</h3> -<p><a name="index-Requirements-for-formatting-1008"></a><a name="index-Minimal-requirements-for-formatting-1009"></a><a name="index-Formatting-requirements-1010"></a> +<p><a name="index-Requirements-for-formatting-1141"></a><a name="index-Minimal-requirements-for-formatting-1142"></a><a name="index-Formatting-requirements-1143"></a> Every Texinfo file that is to be input to TeX must begin with a <code>\input</code> command and must contain an <code>@setfilename</code> command: @@ -13447,67 +14284,72 @@ contents. (And of course most manuals contain a body of text as well.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Preparing-for-TeX"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a>, +<a name="Preparing-for-TeX"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.9 Preparing for TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-Preparing-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1011"></a><a name="index-_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-initialization-1012"></a><a name="index-_0040b_007b_002eprofile_007d-initialization-file-1013"></a><a name="index-_0040b_007b_002ecshrc_007d-initialization-file-1014"></a><a name="index-Initialization-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-1015"></a> -TeX needs to know where to find the <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> file that the -<span class="samp">\input texinfo</span> command on the first line reads. The -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> file tells TeX how to handle @-commands; it is +<p><a name="index-Preparing-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1144"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-initialization-1145"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040b_007b_002eprofile_007d-initialization-file-1146"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040b_007b_002ecshrc_007d-initialization-file-1147"></a><a name="index-Initialization-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-1148"></a> +TeX needs to know where to find the <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> file that the +‘<samp><span class="samp">\input texinfo</span></samp>’ command on the first line reads. The +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> file tells TeX how to handle @-commands; it is included in all standard GNU distributions. The latest version is always available from the Texinfo source repository: <pre class="smalldisplay"> <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/texinfo/texinfo/doc/texinfo.tex?rev=HEAD">http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/texinfo/texinfo/doc/texinfo.tex?rev=HEAD</a> </pre> - <p><a name="index-texinfo_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1016"></a> -Usually, the installer has put the <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> file in the + <p><a name="index-texinfo_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1149"></a> +Usually, the installer has put the <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> file in the default directory that contains TeX macros when GNU Texinfo, Emacs or other GNU software is installed. In this case, TeX will find the file and you do not need to do anything special. If this has not been -done, you can put <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> in the current directory when you +done, you can put <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> in the current directory when you run TeX, and TeX will find it there. - <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1017"></a>Also, you should install <span class="file">epsf.tex</span>, if it is not already installed + <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1150"></a>Also, you should install <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>, if it is not already installed from another distribution. More details are at the end of the description of the <code>@image</code> command (see <a href="#Images">Images</a>). - <p><a name="index-pdfcolor_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1018"></a>Likewise for <span class="file">pdfcolor.tex</span>, if it is not already installed and you -use pdftex. + <p><a name="index-European-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-installing-1151"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts_002c-installing-1152"></a><a name="index-CM_002dSuper-fonts_002c-installing-1153"></a>To be able to use quotation marks other than those used in English +you'll need to install European Computer Modern fonts and optionally +CM-Super fonts, unless they are already installed (see <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>). - <p><a name="index-texinfo_002ecnf-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-1019"></a><a name="index-Customizing-of-_0040TeX_007b_007d-for-Texinfo-1020"></a><a name="index-Site_002dwide-Texinfo-configuration-file-1021"></a>Optionally, you may create an additional <span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span>, and install + <p><a name="index-feymr10_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1154"></a><a name="index-Euro-font_002c-installing-1155"></a>If you intend to use the <code>@euro</code> command, you should install the +Euro font, if it is not already installed. See <a href="#euro">euro</a>. + + <p><a name="index-texinfo_002ecnf-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-1156"></a><a name="index-Customizing-of-_0040TeX_007b_007d-for-Texinfo-1157"></a><a name="index-Site_002dwide-Texinfo-configuration-file-1158"></a>Optionally, you may create an additional <samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp>, and install it as well. This file is read by TeX when the <code>@setfilename</code> command is executed (see <a href="#setfilename"><code>@setfilename</code></a>). You can put any commands you like there, according to local site-wide conventions. They will be read by TeX when processing any Texinfo document. For -example, if <span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span> contains the line <span class="samp">@afourpaper</span> +example, if <samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp> contains the line ‘<samp><span class="samp">@afourpaper</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>), then all Texinfo documents will be processed with that page size in effect. If you have nothing to put in -<span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span>, you do not need to create it. +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp>, you do not need to create it. - <p><a name="index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINPUTS_007d-1022"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-1023"></a>If neither of the above locations for these system files suffice for + <p><a name="index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINPUTS_007d-1159"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-1160"></a>If neither of the above locations for these system files suffice for you, you can specify the directories explicitly. For -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>, you can do this by writing the complete path for the +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>, you can do this by writing the complete path for the file after the <code>\input</code> command. Another way, that works for both -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> and <span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span> (and any other file TeX +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp> (and any other file TeX might read), is to set the <code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variable in your -<span class="file">.cshrc</span> or <span class="file">.profile</span> file. +<samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> file. - <p>Which you use of <span class="file">.cshrc</span> or <span class="file">.profile</span> depends on + <p>Which you use of <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> depends on whether you use a Bourne shell-compatible (<code>sh</code>, <code>bash</code>, <code>ksh</code>, <small class="dots">...</small>) or C shell-compatible (<code>csh</code>, <code>tcsh</code>) -command interpreter. The latter read the <span class="file">.cshrc</span> file for -initialization information, and the former read <span class="file">.profile</span>. +command interpreter. The latter read the <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> file for +initialization information, and the former read <samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp>. - <p>In a <span class="file">.cshrc</span> file, you could use the following <code>csh</code> command + <p>In a <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> file, you could use the following <code>csh</code> command sequence: <pre class="example"> setenv TEXINPUTS .:/home/me/mylib: </pre> - <p>In a <span class="file">.profile</span> file, you could use the following <code>sh</code> command + <p>In a <samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> file, you could use the following <code>sh</code> command sequence: <pre class="example"> TEXINPUTS=.:/home/me/mylib: @@ -13518,36 +14360,37 @@ sequence: <pre class="example"> set TEXINPUTS=.;d:/home/me/mylib;c: </pre> <p class="noindent">It is customary for DOS/Windows users to put such commands in the -<span class="file">autoexec.bat</span> file, or in the Windows Registry. +<samp><span class="file">autoexec.bat</span></samp> file, or in the Windows Registry. -<p class="noindent">These settings would cause TeX to look for <span class="file">\input</span> file first -in the current directory, indicated by the <span class="samp">.</span>, then in a -hypothetical user <span class="samp">me</span>'s <span class="file">mylib</span> directory, and finally in -the system directories. (A leading, trailing, or doubled <span class="samp">:</span> +<p class="noindent">These settings would cause TeX to look for <samp><span class="file">\input</span></samp> file first +in the current directory, indicated by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’, then in a +hypothetical user ‘<samp><span class="samp">me</span></samp>’'s <samp><span class="file">mylib</span></samp> directory, and finally in +the system directories. (A leading, trailing, or doubled ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ indicates searching the system directories at that point.) - <p><a name="index-Dumping-a-_002efmt-file-1024"></a><a name="index-Format-file_002c-dumping-1025"></a>Finally, you may wish to dump a <span class="file">.fmt</span> file (see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps (Web2c)</a>) so that TeX can load Texinfo faster. (The -disadvantage is that then updating <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> requires + <p><a name="index-Dumping-a-_002efmt-file-1161"></a><a name="index-Format-file_002c-dumping-1162"></a>Finally, you may wish to dump a <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> file (see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) so that TeX can load Texinfo faster. (The +disadvantage is that then updating <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> requires redumping.) You can do this by running this command, assuming -<span class="file">epsf.tex</span> is findable by TeX: +<samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> is findable by TeX: <pre class="example"> initex texinfo @dump </pre> - <p>(<code>dump</code> is a TeX primitive.) Then, move <span class="file">texinfo.fmt</span> to + <p class="noindent">(<code>dump</code> is a TeX primitive.) Then, move <samp><span class="file">texinfo.fmt</span></samp> to wherever your <code>.fmt</code> files are found; typically, this will be in the -subdirectory <span class="file">web2c</span> of your TeX installation. +subdirectory <samp><span class="file">web2c</span></samp> of your TeX installation. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Overfull-hboxes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#smallbook">smallbook</a>, +<a name="Overfull-hboxes"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#smallbook">smallbook</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.10 Overfull “hboxes”</h3> -<p><a name="index-Overfull-_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d-1026"></a><a name="index-_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d_002c-overfull-1027"></a><a name="index-Final-output-1028"></a> +<p><a name="index-Overfull-_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d-1163"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d_002c-overfull-1164"></a><a name="index-Final-output-1165"></a> TeX is sometimes unable to typeset a line without extending it into the right margin. This can occur when TeX comes upon what it interprets as a long word that it cannot hyphenate, such as an @@ -13556,8 +14399,8 @@ happens, TeX prints an error message like this: <pre class="example"> Overfull @hbox (20.76302pt too wide) </pre> - <p><a name="index-hbox-1029"></a>(In TeX, lines are in “horizontal boxes”, hence the term, “hbox”. -<span class="samp">@hbox</span> is a TeX primitive not needed in the Texinfo language.) + <p><a name="index-hbox-1166"></a>(In TeX, lines are in “horizontal boxes”, hence the term, “hbox”. +‘<samp><span class="samp">@hbox</span></samp>’ is a TeX primitive not needed in the Texinfo language.) <p>TeX also provides the line number in the Texinfo source file and the text of the offending line, which is marked at all the places that @@ -13575,7 +14418,7 @@ can coerce TeX into greatly increasing the allowable interword spacing, thus (if you're lucky) avoiding many of the bad line breaks, like this: - <p><a name="index-_005cemergencystretch-1030"></a> + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cemergencystretch-1167"></a> <pre class="example"> @tex \global\emergencystretch = .9\hsize @end tex @@ -13583,15 +14426,15 @@ like this: <p class="noindent">(You should adjust the fraction as needed.) This huge value for <code>\emergencystretch</code> cannot be the default, since then the typeset output would generally be of noticeably lower quality; the default -is <span class="samp">.15\hsize</span>. <code>\hsize</code> is the TeX dimension +is ‘<samp><span class="samp">.15\hsize</span></samp>’. <code>\hsize</code> is the TeX dimension containing the current line width. - <p><a name="index-Black-rectangle-in-hardcopy-1031"></a><a name="index-Rectangle_002c-black-in-hardcopy-1032"></a><a name="index-Box_002c-ugly-black-in-hardcopy-1033"></a><a name="index-Ugly-black-rectangles-in-hardcopy-1034"></a>For what overfull boxes you have, however, TeX will print a large, + <p><a name="index-Black-rectangle-in-hardcopy-1168"></a><a name="index-Rectangle_002c-black-in-hardcopy-1169"></a><a name="index-Box_002c-ugly-black-in-hardcopy-1170"></a><a name="index-Ugly-black-rectangles-in-hardcopy-1171"></a>For what overfull boxes you have, however, TeX will print a large, ugly, black rectangle beside the line that contains the overfull hbox unless told otherwise. This is so you will notice the location of the problem if you are correcting a draft. - <p><a name="index-finalout-1035"></a>To prevent such a monstrosity from marring your final printout, write + <p><a name="index-finalout-1172"></a>To prevent such a monstrosity from marring your final printout, write the following in the beginning of the Texinfo file on a line of its own, before the <code>@titlepage</code> command: @@ -13599,15 +14442,16 @@ before the <code>@titlepage</code> command: </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="smallbook"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>, +<a name="smallbook"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.11 Printing “Small” Books</h3> -<p><a name="index-smallbook-1036"></a><a name="index-Small-book-size-1037"></a><a name="index-Book_002c-printing-small-1038"></a><a name="index-Page-sizes-for-books-1039"></a><a name="index-Size-of-printed-book-1040"></a> +<p><a name="index-smallbook-1173"></a><a name="index-Small-book-size-1174"></a><a name="index-Book_002c-printing-small-1175"></a><a name="index-Page-sizes-for-books-1176"></a><a name="index-Size-of-printed-book-1177"></a> By default, TeX typesets pages for printing in an 8.5 by 11 inch format. However, you can direct TeX to typeset a document in a 7 by 9.25 inch format that is suitable for bound books by inserting the @@ -13634,15 +14478,16 @@ require changing the source file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="A4-Paper"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a>, +<a name="A4-Paper"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#smallbook">smallbook</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.12 Printing on A4 Paper</h3> -<p><a name="index-A4-paper_002c-printing-on-1041"></a><a name="index-A5-paper_002c-printing-on-1042"></a><a name="index-Paper-size_002c-A4-1043"></a><a name="index-European-A4-paper-1044"></a><a name="index-afourpaper-1045"></a> +<p><a name="index-A4-paper_002c-printing-on-1178"></a><a name="index-A5-paper_002c-printing-on-1179"></a><a name="index-Paper-size_002c-A4-1180"></a><a name="index-European-A4-paper-1181"></a><a name="index-afourpaper-1182"></a> You can tell TeX to format a document for printing on European size A4 paper (or A5) with the <code>@afourpaper</code> (or <code>@afivepaper</code>) command. Write the command on a line by itself near the beginning of @@ -13659,21 +14504,22 @@ would write the header for this manual: <p>See <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>, and <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>, for other ways to format for different paper sizes that do not require changing the source file. - <p><a name="index-afourlatex-1046"></a><a name="index-afourwide-1047"></a>You may or may not prefer the formatting that results from the command + <p><a name="index-afourlatex-1183"></a><a name="index-afourwide-1184"></a>You may or may not prefer the formatting that results from the command <code>@afourlatex</code>. There's also <code>@afourwide</code> for A4 paper in wide format. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="pagesizes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a>, +<a name="pagesizes"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.13 <code>@pagesizes</code> [<var>width</var>][, <var>height</var>]: Custom Page Sizes</h3> -<p><a name="index-pagesizes-1048"></a><a name="index-Custom-page-sizes-1049"></a><a name="index-Page-sizes_002c-customized-1050"></a><a name="index-Text-width-and-height-1051"></a><a name="index-Width-of-text-area-1052"></a><a name="index-Height-of-text-area-1053"></a><a name="index-Depth-of-text-area-1054"></a> +<p><a name="index-pagesizes-1185"></a><a name="index-Custom-page-sizes-1186"></a><a name="index-Page-sizes_002c-customized-1187"></a><a name="index-Text-width-and-height-1188"></a><a name="index-Width-of-text-area-1189"></a><a name="index-Height-of-text-area-1190"></a><a name="index-Depth-of-text-area-1191"></a> You can explicitly specify the height and (optionally) width of the main text area on the page with the <code>@pagesizes</code> command. Write this on a line by itself near the beginning of the Texinfo file, before the @@ -13685,14 +14531,14 @@ separated by a comma. Examples: <p class="noindent">and <pre class="example"> @pagesizes 11.5in <!-- for legal paper --> </pre> - <p><a name="index-B5-paper_002c-printing-on-1055"></a><a name="index-Legal-paper_002c-printing-on-1056"></a>This would be reasonable for printing on B5-size paper. To emphasize, + <p><a name="index-B5-paper_002c-printing-on-1192"></a><a name="index-Legal-paper_002c-printing-on-1193"></a>This would be reasonable for printing on B5-size paper. To emphasize, this command specifies the size of the <em>text area</em>, not the size of the paper (which is 250<span class="dmn">mm</span> by 177<span class="dmn">mm</span> for B5, 14<span class="dmn">in</span> by 8.5<span class="dmn">in</span> for legal). - <p><a name="index-Margins-on-page_002c-not-controllable-1057"></a>To make more elaborate changes, such as changing any of the page -margins, you must define a new command in <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span> (or -<span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span>, see <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>). + <p><a name="index-Margins-on-page_002c-not-controllable-1194"></a>To make more elaborate changes, such as changing any of the page +margins, you must define a new command in <samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp> (or +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.cnf</span></samp>, see <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>). <p>See <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>, and <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>, for other ways to specify <code>@pagesizes</code> that do not require changing the source file. @@ -13701,15 +14547,16 @@ require changing the source file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Cropmarks-and-Magnification"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>, +<a name="Cropmarks-and-Magnification"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.14 Cropmarks and Magnification</h3> -<p><a name="index-cropmarks-1058"></a><a name="index-Cropmarks-for-printing-1059"></a><a name="index-Printing-cropmarks-1060"></a>You can (attempt to) direct TeX to print cropmarks at the corners of +<p><a name="index-cropmarks-1195"></a><a name="index-Cropmarks-for-printing-1196"></a><a name="index-Printing-cropmarks-1197"></a>You can (attempt to) direct TeX to print cropmarks at the corners of pages with the <code>@cropmarks</code> command. Write the <code>@cropmarks</code> command on a line by itself between <code>@iftex</code> and <code>@end iftex</code> lines near the beginning of the Texinfo file, before the title @@ -13726,9 +14573,9 @@ book set to 7 by 9.25 inches with the <code>@smallbook</code> command. printed on regular sized paper.) Since different printing machines work in different ways, you should explore the use of this command with a spirit of adventure. You may have to redefine the command in -<span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>. +<samp><span class="file">texinfo.tex</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-_005cmag-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-magnification_0029_007d-1061"></a><a name="index-Magnified-printing-1062"></a><a name="index-Larger-or-smaller-pages-1063"></a>You can attempt to direct TeX to typeset pages larger or smaller than + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-magnification_0029_007d-1198"></a><a name="index-Magnified-printing-1199"></a><a name="index-Larger-or-smaller-pages-1200"></a>You can attempt to direct TeX to typeset pages larger or smaller than usual with the <code>\mag</code> TeX command. Everything that is typeset is scaled proportionally larger or smaller. (<code>\mag</code> stands for “magnification”.) This is <em>not</em> a Texinfo @-command, but is a @@ -13736,7 +14583,7 @@ plain TeX command that is prefixed with a backslash. You have to write this command between <code>@tex</code> and <code>@end tex</code> (see <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>). - <p>Follow the <code>\mag</code> command with an <span class="samp">=</span> and then a number that + <p>Follow the <code>\mag</code> command with an ‘<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>’ and then a number that is 1000 times the magnification you desire. For example, to print pages at 1.2 normal size, write the following near the beginning of the Texinfo file, before the title page: @@ -13756,42 +14603,59 @@ magnifications. Be prepared to experiment. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="PDF-Output"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a>, +<a name="PDF-Output"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.15 PDF Output</h3> -<p><a name="index-PDF-output-1064"></a> -<a name="index-pdftex-1065"></a>You can generate a PDF output file from Texinfo source by using the -<span class="command">pdftex</span> program to process your file instead of plain -<span class="command">tex</span>. That is, run <span class="samp">pdftex foo.texi</span> instead of <span class="samp">tex -foo.texi</span>, or give the <span class="samp">--pdf</span> option to <span class="command">texi2dvi</span>. +<p><a name="index-PDF-output-1201"></a> +<a name="index-pdftex-1202"></a>The simplest way to generate PDF output from Texinfo source is to run +the convenience script <samp><span class="command">texi2pdf</span></samp> (or <samp><span class="command">pdftexi2dvi</span></samp>); +this simply executes the <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp> script with the +<samp><span class="option">--pdf</span></samp> option (see <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>). If for some +reason you want to process the document by hand, simply run the +<samp><span class="command">pdftex</span></samp> program instead of plain <samp><span class="command">tex</span></samp>. That is, run +‘<samp><span class="samp">pdftex foo.texi</span></samp>’ instead of ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex foo.texi</span></samp>’. <p><dfn>PDF</dfn> stands for `Portable Document Format'. It was invented by Adobe Systems some years ago for document interchange, based on their -PostScript language. A <a href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/">PDF reader</a> for the X window system is freely available, as is the -<a href="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/technotes/">definition of the file format</a>. At present, there are no <span class="samp">@ifpdf</span> or -<span class="samp">@pdf</span> commands as with the other output formats. +PostScript language. Related links: + + <ul> +<li>GNU GV, a <a href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/">Ghostscript-based PDF reader</a>. (It can also preview PostScript documents.) + + <li>A freely available standalone <a href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/">PDF reader</a> for the X window system. - <p>Despite the `portable' in the name, PDF files are nowhere near as -portable in practice as the plain ASCII formats (Info, HTML) that -Texinfo supports (DVI portability is arguable). They also tend to be -much larger. Nevertheless, a PDF file does preserve an actual printed -document on a screen as faithfully as possible, so it has its place. + <li><a href="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/acrobat/sdk/public/docs/">PDF definition</a>. + + </ul> + + <p>At present, Texinfo does not provide +‘<samp><span class="samp">@ifpdf</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">@pdf</span></samp>’ commands as for the other output +formats, since PDF documents contain many internal links that would be +hard or impossible to get right at the Texinfo source level. + + <p>PDF files require special software to be displayed, unlike the plain +ASCII formats (Info, HTML) that Texinfo supports. They also tend to +be much larger than the DVI files output by TeX by default. +Nevertheless, a PDF file does define an actual typeset document in a +self-contained file, so it has its place. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Obtaining-TeX"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>, +<a name="Obtaining-TeX"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">20.16 How to Obtain TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-Obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1066"></a><a name="index-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-how-to-obtain-1067"></a> +<p><a name="index-Obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1203"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-how-to-obtain-1204"></a> <!-- !!! Here is information about obtaining TeX. Update it whenever. --> <!-- !!! Also consider updating TeX.README on ftp.gnu.org. --> <!-- Updated by RJC on 1 March 1995, conversation with MacKay. --> @@ -13810,8 +14674,8 @@ available distributions: Code CD-ROM suitable for printing Texinfo manuals. To order it, contact: <pre class="display"> Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place Suite 330 - Boston, MA 02111-1307 + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor + Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Telephone: +1-617-542-5942<!-- /@w --> Fax: (including Japan) +1-617-542-2652<!-- /@w --> @@ -13825,10 +14689,11 @@ Code CD-ROM suitable for printing Texinfo manuals. To order it, contact: <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>, +<a name="Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">21 Creating and Installing Info Files</h2> @@ -13842,14 +14707,15 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Creating-an-Info-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>, +<a name="Creating-an-Info-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">21.1 Creating an Info File</h3> -<p><a name="index-Creating-an-Info-file-1068"></a><a name="index-Info_002c-creating-an-online-file-1069"></a><a name="index-Formatting-a-file-for-Info-1070"></a> +<p><a name="index-Creating-an-Info-file-1205"></a><a name="index-Info_002c-creating-an-online-file-1206"></a><a name="index-Formatting-a-file-for-Info-1207"></a> <code>makeinfo</code> is a program that converts a Texinfo file into an Info file, HTML file, or plain text. <code>texinfo-format-region</code> and <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> are GNU Emacs functions that convert @@ -13874,9 +14740,10 @@ see <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-advantages"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-advantages"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.1 <code>makeinfo</code> Preferred</h4> @@ -13898,16 +14765,17 @@ circumstances, they format short regions or buffers more quickly than <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Invoking-makeinfo"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a>, +<a name="Invoking-makeinfo"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-advantages">makeinfo advantages</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.2 Running <code>makeinfo</code> from a Shell</h4> -<p><a name="index-makeinfo-1071"></a> -To create an Info file from a Texinfo file, invoke <span class="command">makeinfo</span> +<p><a name="index-makeinfo-1208"></a> +To create an Info file from a Texinfo file, invoke <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> followed by the name of the Texinfo file. Thus, to create the Info file for Bison, type the following to the shell: @@ -13915,30 +14783,31 @@ file for Bison, type the following to the shell: </pre> <p>(You can run a shell inside Emacs by typing <kbd>M-x shell</kbd>.) - <p><span class="command">makeinfo</span> has many options to control its actions and output; + <p><samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> has many options to control its actions and output; see the next section. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-options"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-options"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.3 Options for <code>makeinfo</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-options-1072"></a><a name="index-Options-for-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1073"></a> -The <span class="command">makeinfo</span> program accepts many options. Perhaps the most +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-options-1209"></a><a name="index-Options-for-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1210"></a> +The <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> program accepts many options. Perhaps the most commonly needed are those that change the output format. By default, -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> outputs Info files. +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> outputs Info files. - <p>Each command line option is a word preceded by <span class="samp">--</span> or a letter -preceded by <span class="samp">-</span>. You can use abbreviations for the long option + <p>Each command line option is a word preceded by ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’ or a letter +preceded by ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’. You can use abbreviations for the long option names as long as they are unique. <p>For example, you could use the following shell command to create an Info -file for <span class="file">bison.texinfo</span> in which each line is filled to only 68 +file for <samp><span class="file">bison.texinfo</span></samp> in which each line is filled to only 68 columns: <pre class="example"> makeinfo --fill-column=68 bison.texinfo @@ -13953,161 +14822,173 @@ file and would also set the fill column to 70. <p>The options are: <dl> -<dt><code>-D </code><var>var</var><dd><a name="index-_002dD-_0040var_007bvar_007d-1074"></a>Cause the variable <var>var</var> to be defined. This is equivalent to +<dt><code>-D </code><var>var</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bvar_007d-1211"></a>Cause the variable <var>var</var> to be defined. This is equivalent to <code>@set </code><var>var</var> in the Texinfo file (see <a href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>). - <br><dt><code>--commands-in-node-names</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dcommands_002din_002dnode_002dnames-1075"></a>Allow <code>@</code>-commands in node names. This is not recommended, as it + <br><dt><code>--commands-in-node-names</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcommands_002din_002dnode_002dnames-1212"></a>Allow <code>@</code>-commands in node names. This is not recommended, as it can probably never be implemented in TeX. It also makes <code>makeinfo</code> much slower. Also, this option is ignored when -<span class="samp">--no-validate</span> is used. See <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>, for more +‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-validate</span></samp>’ is used. See <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>, for more details. - <br><dt><code>--css-include=</code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dcss_002dinclude-1076"></a>Include the contents of <var>file</var>, which should contain cascading -style sheets specifications, in the <span class="samp"><style></span> block of the HTML -output. See <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>. If <var>file</var> is <span class="samp">-</span>, read standard + <br><dt><code>--css-include=</code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcss_002dinclude-1213"></a>Include the contents of <var>file</var>, which should contain cascading +style sheets specifications, in the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><style></span></samp>’ block of the HTML +output. See <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>. If <var>file</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, read standard input. - <br><dt><code>--docbook</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002ddocbook-1077"></a>Generate Docbook output rather than Info. + <br><dt><code>--css-ref=</code><var>url</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcss_002dref-1214"></a>In HTML mode, add a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><link></span></samp>’ tag to the HTML output which +references a cascading style sheet at <var>url</var>. This allows using +standalone style sheets. - <br><dt><code>--enable-encoding</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dencoding-1078"></a>Output accented and special characters in Info or plain text output -based on <span class="samp">@documentencoding</span>. + <br><dt><code>--disable-encoding</code><dt><code>--enable-encoding</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dencoding-1215"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dencoding-1216"></a>By default, or with <samp><span class="option">--enable-encoding</span></samp>, output accented and +special characters in Info or plain text output based on +‘<samp><span class="samp">@documentencoding</span></samp>’. With <samp><span class="option">--disable-encoding</span></samp>, 7-bit +ASCII transliterations are output. See <a href="#documentencoding"><code>documentencoding</code></a>, and <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. - <br><dt><code>--error-limit=</code><var>limit</var><dt><code>-e </code><var>limit</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002derror_002dlimit_003d_0040var_007blimit_007d-1079"></a><a name="index-_002de-_0040var_007blimit_007d-1080"></a>Set the maximum number of errors that <code>makeinfo</code> will report + <br><dt><code>--docbook</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddocbook-1217"></a>Generate Docbook output rather than Info. + + <br><dt><code>--document-language=</code><var>lang</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddocument_002dlanguage-1218"></a><a name="index-LANG-1219"></a>Use <var>lang</var> to translate Texinfo keywords which end up in the +output document. The default is the locale specified by the +<code>@documentlanguage</code> command if there is one +(see <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a>). + + <br><dt><code>--error-limit=</code><var>limit</var><dt><code>-e </code><var>limit</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002derror_002dlimit_003d_0040var_007blimit_007d-1220"></a><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007blimit_007d-1221"></a>Set the maximum number of errors that <code>makeinfo</code> will report before exiting (on the assumption that continuing would be useless); default 100. - <br><dt><code>--fill-column=</code><var>width</var><dt><code>-f </code><var>width</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dfill_002dcolumn_003d_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1081"></a><a name="index-_002df-_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1082"></a>Specify the maximum number of columns in a line; this is the right-hand + <br><dt><code>--fill-column=</code><var>width</var><dt><code>-f </code><var>width</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfill_002dcolumn_003d_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1222"></a><a name="index-g_t_002df-_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1223"></a>Specify the maximum number of columns in a line; this is the right-hand edge of a line. Paragraphs that are filled will be filled to this width. (Filling is the process of breaking up and connecting lines so that lines are the same length as or shorter than the number specified as the fill column. Lines are broken between words.) The default value -is 72. Ignored with <span class="samp">--html</span>. +is 72. Ignored with ‘<samp><span class="samp">--html</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>--footnote-style=</code><var>style</var><dt><code>-s </code><var>style</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1083"></a><a name="index-_002ds-_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1084"></a>Set the footnote style to <var>style</var>, either <span class="samp">end</span> for the end -node style (the default) or <span class="samp">separate</span> for the separate node style. + <br><dt><code>--footnote-style=</code><var>style</var><dt><code>-s </code><var>style</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1224"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1225"></a>Set the footnote style to <var>style</var>, either ‘<samp><span class="samp">end</span></samp>’ for the end +node style (the default) or ‘<samp><span class="samp">separate</span></samp>’ for the separate node style. The value set by this option overrides the value set in a Texinfo file by an <code>@footnotestyle</code> command (see <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>). When the -footnote style is <span class="samp">separate</span>, <code>makeinfo</code> makes a new node +footnote style is ‘<samp><span class="samp">separate</span></samp>’, <code>makeinfo</code> makes a new node containing the footnotes found in the current node. When the footnote -style is <span class="samp">end</span>, <code>makeinfo</code> places the footnote references at -the end of the current node. Ignored with <span class="samp">--html</span>. +style is ‘<samp><span class="samp">end</span></samp>’, <code>makeinfo</code> places the footnote references at +the end of the current node. Ignored with ‘<samp><span class="samp">--html</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>--force</code><dt><code>-F</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dforce-1085"></a><a name="index-_002dF-1086"></a>Ordinarily, if the input file has errors, the output files are not + <br><dt><code>--force</code><dt><code>-F</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dforce-1226"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dF-1227"></a>Ordinarily, if the input file has errors, the output files are not created. With this option, they are preserved. - <br><dt><code>--help</code><dt><code>-h</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dhelp-1087"></a><a name="index-_002dh-1088"></a>Print a usage message listing all available options, then exit successfully. + <br><dt><code>--help</code><dt><code>-h</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-1228"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dh-1229"></a>Print a usage message listing all available options, then exit successfully. - <br><dt><code>--html</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dhtml-1089"></a>Generate HTML output rather than Info. See <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>. By + <br><dt><code>--html</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhtml-1230"></a>Generate HTML output rather than Info. See <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>. By default, the HTML output is split into one output file per Texinfo source node, and the split output is written into a subdirectory with the name of the top-level info file. - <br><dt><code>-I </code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-_002dI-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1090"></a>Append <var>dir</var> to the directory search list for finding files that + <br><dt><code>-I </code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002dI-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1231"></a>Append <var>dir</var> to the directory search list for finding files that are included using the <code>@include</code> command. By default, <code>makeinfo</code> searches only the current directory. If <var>dir</var> is -not given, the current directory <span class="file">.</span> is appended. Note that +not given, the current directory <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> is appended. Note that <var>dir</var> can actually be a list of several directories separated by the -usual path separator character (<span class="samp">:</span> on Unix, <span class="samp">;</span> on +usual path separator character (‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’ on Unix, ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ on MS-DOS/MS-Windows). - <br><dt><code>--ifdocbook</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002difdocbook-1091"></a><dt><code>--ifhtml</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002difhtml-1092"></a><dt><code>--ifinfo</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002difinfo-1093"></a><dt><code>--ifplaintext</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002difplaintext-1094"></a><dt><code>--iftex</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002diftex-1095"></a><dt><code>--ifxml</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002difxml-1096"></a>For the specified format, process <span class="samp">@if</span><var>format</var> and -<span class="samp">@</span><var>format</var> commands even if not generating the given output -format. For instance, if <span class="option">--iftex</span> is specified, then -<span class="samp">@iftex</span> and <span class="samp">@tex</span> blocks will be read. This can be useful -when postprocessing the output. + <br><dt><code>--ifdocbook</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002difdocbook-1232"></a><dt><code>--ifhtml</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002difhtml-1233"></a><dt><code>--ifinfo</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002difinfo-1234"></a><dt><code>--ifplaintext</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002difplaintext-1235"></a><dt><code>--iftex</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002diftex-1236"></a><dt><code>--ifxml</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002difxml-1237"></a>For the specified format, process ‘<samp><span class="samp">@if</span><var>format</var></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>format</var></samp>’ commands even if not generating the given output +format. For instance, if <samp><span class="option">--iftex</span></samp> is specified, then +‘<samp><span class="samp">@iftex</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@tex</span></samp>’ blocks will be read. - <br><dt><code>--macro-expand=</code><var>file</var><dt><code>-E </code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dmacro_002dexpand_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1097"></a><a name="index-_002dE-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1098"></a>Output the Texinfo source with all the macros expanded to the named + <br><dt><code>--macro-expand=</code><var>file</var><dt><code>-E </code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmacro_002dexpand_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1238"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dE-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1239"></a>Output the Texinfo source with all the macros expanded to the named file. Normally, the results of macro expansion are used internally by <code>makeinfo</code> and then discarded. This option is used by -<span class="command">texi2dvi</span>. +<samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp>. - <br><dt><code>--no-headers</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002dheaders-1099"></a><a name="index-Plain-text-output-1100"></a><a name="index-ASCII-text-output-1101"></a><a name="index-Generating-plain-text-files-1102"></a><a name="index-_0040file_007bINSTALL_007d-file_002c-generating-1103"></a><a name="index-Node-separators_002c-omitting-1104"></a><a name="index-Menus_002c-omitting-1105"></a>For Info output, do not include menus or node separator lines in the -output, and implicitly <span class="option">--enable-encoding</span> (see above). This -results in a simple plain text file that you can (for example) send in -email without complications, or include in a distribution (as in an -<span class="file">INSTALL</span> file). + <br><dt><code>--no-headers</code><br><dt><code>--plaintext</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dheaders-1240"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dplaintext-1241"></a><a name="index-Plain-text-output-1242"></a><a name="index-ASCII-text-output-1243"></a><a name="index-Generating-plain-text-files-1244"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bINSTALL_007d-file_002c-generating-1245"></a><a name="index-Node-separators_002c-omitting-1246"></a><a name="index-Menus_002c-omitting-1247"></a>Do not include menus or node separator lines in the output, and +implicitly <samp><span class="option">--enable-encoding</span></samp> (see above). This results in a +simple plain text file that you can (for example) send in email +without complications, or include in a distribution (as in an +<samp><span class="file">INSTALL</span></samp> file). - <p><a name="index-Navigation-links_002c-omitting-1106"></a>For HTML output, likewise omit menus. And if <span class="samp">--no-split</span> is also + <p><a name="index-Navigation-links_002c-omitting-1248"></a>For HTML output, likewise omit menus. And if ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-split</span></samp>’ is also specified, do not include a navigation links at the top of each node (these are never included in the default case of split output). See <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>. <p>In both cases, ignore <code>@setfilename</code> and write to standard -output by default—can be overridden with <span class="option">-o</span>. +output by default—can be overridden with <samp><span class="option">-o</span></samp>. - <br><dt><code>--no-ifdocbook</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002difdocbook-1107"></a><dt><code>--no-ifhtml</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002difhtml-1108"></a><dt><code>--no-ifinfo</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002difinfo-1109"></a><dt><code>--no-ifplaintext</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002difplaintext-1110"></a><dt><code>--no-iftex</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002diftex-1111"></a><dt><code>--no-ifxml</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002difxml-1112"></a>Do not process <span class="samp">@if</span><var>format</var> and <span class="samp">@</span><var>format</var> -commands even if generating the given format. For instance, if -<span class="option">--no-ifhtml</span> is specified, then <span class="samp">@ifhtml</span> and -<span class="samp">@html</span> blocks will not be read. + <br><dt><code>--no-ifdocbook</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difdocbook-1249"></a><dt><code>--no-ifhtml</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difhtml-1250"></a><dt><code>--no-ifinfo</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difinfo-1251"></a><dt><code>--no-ifplaintext</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difplaintext-1252"></a><dt><code>--no-iftex</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002diftex-1253"></a><dt><code>--no-ifxml</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difxml-1254"></a>Do not process ‘<samp><span class="samp">@if</span><var>format</var></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>format</var></samp>’ +commands, and do process ‘<samp><span class="samp">@ifnot</span><var>format</var></samp>’, even if +generating the given format. For instance, if <samp><span class="option">--no-ifhtml</span></samp> is +specified, then ‘<samp><span class="samp">@ifhtml</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@html</span></samp>’ blocks will not be +read, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@ifnothtml</span></samp>’ blocks will be. - <br><dt><code>--no-split</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002dsplit-1113"></a><a name="index-Splitting-of-output-files-1114"></a><a name="index-Output-file-splitting-1115"></a>Suppress the splitting stage of <code>makeinfo</code>. By default, large + <br><dt><code>--no-number-footnotes</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dnumber_002dfootnotes-1255"></a>Suppress automatic footnote numbering. By default, <code>makeinfo</code> +numbers each footnote sequentially in a single node, resetting the +current footnote number to 1 at the start of each node. + + <br><dt><code>--no-number-sections</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dnumber_002dsections-1256"></a>Do not output chapter, section, and appendix numbers. +You need to specify this if your manual is not hierarchically-structured. + + <br><dt><code>--no-split</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dsplit-1257"></a><a name="index-Splitting-of-output-files-1258"></a><a name="index-Output-file-splitting-1259"></a>Suppress the splitting stage of <code>makeinfo</code>. By default, large output files (where the size is greater than 70k bytes) are split into smaller subfiles. For Info output, each one is approximately 50k bytes. For HTML output, each file contains one node (see <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>). - <br><dt><code>--no-pointer-validate</code><dt><code>--no-validate</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002dpointer_002dvalidate-1116"></a><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002dvalidate-1117"></a><a name="index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-1118"></a>Suppress the pointer-validation phase of <code>makeinfo</code>. This can also -be done with the <code>@novalidate</code> command (see <a href="#Use-TeX">Use TeX</a>). Normally, after a Texinfo file is processed, some consistency -checks are made to ensure that cross references can be resolved, etc. -See <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>. + <br><dt><code>--no-pointer-validate</code><dt><code>--no-validate</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dpointer_002dvalidate-1260"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dvalidate-1261"></a><a name="index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-1262"></a>Suppress the pointer-validation phase of <code>makeinfo</code>—a dangerous +thing to do. This can also be done with the <code>@novalidate</code> +command (see <a href="#Use-TeX">Use TeX</a>). Normally, after a Texinfo file +is processed, some consistency checks are made to ensure that cross +references can be resolved, etc. See <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>. - <br><dt><code>--no-warn</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002dwarn-1119"></a>Suppress warning messages (but <em>not</em> error messages). You might -want this if the file you are creating has examples of Texinfo cross -references within it, and the nodes that are referenced do not actually -exist. + <br><dt><code>--no-warn</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dwarn-1263"></a>Suppress warning messages (but <em>not</em> error messages). - <br><dt><code>--number-sections</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dnumber_002dsections-1120"></a>Output chapter, section, and appendix numbers as in printed manuals. - - <br><dt><code>--no-number-footnotes</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dno_002dnumber_002dfootnotes-1121"></a>Suppress automatic footnote numbering. By default, <code>makeinfo</code> -numbers each footnote sequentially in a single node, resetting the -current footnote number to 1 at the start of each node. + <br><dt><code>--number-sections</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dnumber_002dsections-1264"></a>Output chapter, section, and appendix numbers as in printed manuals. +This is the default. It works only with hierarchically-structured +manuals. - <br><dt><code>--output=</code><var>file</var><dt><code>-o </code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002doutput_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1122"></a><a name="index-_002do-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1123"></a>Specify that the output should be directed to <var>file</var> and not to the + <br><dt><code>--output=</code><var>file</var><dt><code>-o </code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002doutput_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1265"></a><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1266"></a>Specify that the output should be directed to <var>file</var> and not to the file name specified in the <code>@setfilename</code> command found in the -Texinfo source (see <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a>). If <var>file</var> is <span class="samp">-</span>, output -goes to standard output and <span class="samp">--no-split</span> is implied. For split +Texinfo source (see <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a>). If <var>file</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, output +goes to standard output and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-split</span></samp>’ is implied. For split HTML output, <var>file</var> is the name for the directory into which all HTML nodes are written (see <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>). - <br><dt><code>-P </code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-_002dP-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1124"></a>Prepend <var>dir</var> to the directory search list for <code>@include</code>. -If <var>dir</var> is not given, the current directory <span class="file">.</span> is prepended. -See <span class="samp">-I</span> for more details. + <br><dt><code>-P </code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1267"></a>Prepend <var>dir</var> to the directory search list for <code>@include</code>. +If <var>dir</var> is not given, the current directory <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> is prepended. +See ‘<samp><span class="samp">-I</span></samp>’ for more details. - <br><dt><code>--paragraph-indent=</code><var>indent</var><dt><code>-p </code><var>indent</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dparagraph_002dindent_003d_0040var_007bindent_007d-1125"></a><a name="index-_002dp-_0040var_007bindent_007d-1126"></a>Set the paragraph indentation style to <var>indent</var>. The value set by + <br><dt><code>--paragraph-indent=</code><var>indent</var><dt><code>-p </code><var>indent</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dparagraph_002dindent_003d_0040var_007bindent_007d-1268"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bindent_007d-1269"></a>Set the paragraph indentation style to <var>indent</var>. The value set by this option overrides the value set in a Texinfo file by an <code>@paragraphindent</code> command (see <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a>). The value of <var>indent</var> is interpreted as follows: <dl> -<dt><span class="samp">asis</span><dd>Preserve any existing indentation at the starts of paragraphs. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">asis</span></samp>’<dd>Preserve any existing indentation at the starts of paragraphs. - <br><dt><span class="samp">0</span> or <span class="samp">none</span><dd>Delete any existing indentation. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">none</span></samp>’<dd>Delete any existing indentation. <br><dt><var>num</var><dd>Indent each paragraph by <var>num</var> spaces. </dl> - <br><dt><code>--reference-limit=</code><var>limit</var><dt><code>-r </code><var>limit</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dreference_002dlimit_003d_0040var_007blimit_007d-1127"></a><a name="index-_002dr-_0040var_007blimit_007d-1128"></a>Set the value of the number of references to a node that -<code>makeinfo</code> will make without reporting a warning. If a node has more -than this number of references in it, <code>makeinfo</code> will make the -references but also report a warning. The default is 1000. + <br><dt><code>--split-size=</code><var>num</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsplit_002dsize_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-1270"></a>Keep Info files to at most <var>num</var> characters; default is 300,000. - <br><dt><code>--split-size=</code><var>num</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dsplit_002dsize_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-1129"></a>Keep Info files to at most <var>num</var> characters; default is 300,000. + <br><dt><code>--transliterate-file-names</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dtransliterate_002dfile_002dnames-1271"></a>Enable transliteration of 8-bit characters in node names for the +purpose of file name creation. See <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a>. <br><dt><code>-U </code><var>var</var><dd>Cause <var>var</var> to be undefined. This is equivalent to <code>@clear </code><var>var</var> in the Texinfo file (see <a href="#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>). - <br><dt><code>--verbose</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dverbose-1130"></a>Cause <code>makeinfo</code> to display messages saying what it is doing. + <br><dt><code>--verbose</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-1272"></a>Cause <code>makeinfo</code> to display messages saying what it is doing. Normally, <code>makeinfo</code> only outputs messages if there are errors or warnings. - <br><dt><code>--version</code><dt><code>-V</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dversion-1131"></a><a name="index-_002dV-1132"></a>Print the version number, then exit successfully. + <br><dt><code>--version</code><dt><code>-V</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-1273"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dV-1274"></a>Print the version number, then exit successfully. - <br><dt><code>--xml</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dxml-1133"></a>Generate XML output rather than Info. + <br><dt><code>--xml</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dxml-1275"></a>Generate XML output rather than Info. </dl> - <p><a name="index-TEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT-1134"></a><a name="index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT_007d-1135"></a><span class="command">makeinfo</span> also reads the environment variable -<span class="env">TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT</span> to determine the output format, if not + <p><a name="index-TEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT-1276"></a><a name="index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT_007d-1277"></a><samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> also reads the environment variable +<samp><span class="env">TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT</span></samp> to determine the output format, if not overridden by a command line option. The possible values are: <pre class="example"> docbook html info plaintext xml @@ -14116,16 +14997,17 @@ overridden by a command line option. The possible values are: <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Pointer-Validation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a>, +<a name="Pointer-Validation"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.4 Pointer Validation</h4> -<p><a name="index-Pointer-validation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1136"></a><a name="index-Validation-of-pointers-1137"></a> -If you do not suppress pointer validation with the <span class="samp">--no-validate</span> +<p><a name="index-Pointer-validation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1278"></a><a name="index-Validation-of-pointers-1279"></a> +If you do not suppress pointer validation with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-validate</span></samp>’ option or the <code>@novalidate</code> command in the source file (see <a href="#Use-TeX">Use TeX</a>), <code>makeinfo</code> will check the validity of the final Info file. Mostly, this means ensuring that nodes you have referenced really exist. Here is a complete list of what is checked: @@ -14133,7 +15015,7 @@ really exist. Here is a complete list of what is checked: <ol type=1 start=1> <li>If a `Next', `Previous', or `Up' node reference is a reference to a node in the current file and is not an external reference such as to -<span class="file">(dir)</span>, then the referenced node must exist. +<samp><span class="file">(dir)</span></samp>, then the referenced node must exist. <li>In every node, if the `Previous' node is different from the `Up' node, then the node pointed to by the `Previous' field must have a `Next' @@ -14156,9 +15038,10 @@ either via the `Previous' or `Next' links, or via a menu or a cross-reference. </ol> - <p><a name="index-_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-_0040_0040node_002c-limited-support-1138"></a>Some Texinfo documents might fail during the validation phase because + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-_0040_0040node_002c-limited-support-1280"></a>Some Texinfo documents might fail during the validation phase because they use commands like <code>@value</code> and <code>@definfoenclose</code> in -node definitions and cross-references inconsistently. Consider the +node definitions and cross-references inconsistently. (Your best bet +is to avoid using @-commands in node names.) Consider the following example: <pre class="example"> @set nodename Node 1 @@ -14180,32 +15063,33 @@ always try to reference nodes consistently; e.g., in the above example, the second <code>@node</code> line should have also used <code>@value</code>. However, if, for some reason, you <em>must</em> reference node names inconsistently, and <code>makeinfo</code> fails to validate the file, you can -use the <span class="samp">--commands-in-node-names</span> option to force <code>makeinfo</code> +use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--commands-in-node-names</span></samp>’ option to force <code>makeinfo</code> to perform the expensive expansion of all node names it finds in the document. This might considerably slow down the program, though; twofold increase in conversion time was measured for large documents such as the Jargon file. - <p><a name="index-_0040_0040value-in-_0040_0040node-lines-1139"></a>The support for <code>@</code>-commands in <code>@node</code> directives is not + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040value-in-_0040_0040node-lines-1281"></a>The support for <code>@</code>-commands in <code>@node</code> directives is not general enough to be freely used. For example, if the example above redefined <code>nodename</code> somewhere in the document, <code>makeinfo</code> will fail to convert it, even if invoked with the -<span class="samp">--commands-in-node-names</span> option. +‘<samp><span class="samp">--commands-in-node-names</span></samp>’ option. - <p><span class="samp">--commands-in-node-names</span> has no effect if the <span class="samp">--no-validate</span> + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">--commands-in-node-names</span></samp>’ has no effect if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-validate</span></samp>’ option is given. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-in-Emacs"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-in-Emacs"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.5 Running <code>makeinfo</code> Within Emacs</h4> -<p><a name="index-Running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-Emacs-1140"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-inside-Emacs-1141"></a><a name="index-Shell_002c-running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-1142"></a> +<p><a name="index-Running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-Emacs-1282"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-inside-Emacs-1283"></a><a name="index-Shell_002c-running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-1284"></a> You can run <code>makeinfo</code> in GNU Emacs Texinfo mode by using either the <code>makeinfo-region</code> or the <code>makeinfo-buffer</code> commands. In Texinfo mode, the commands are bound to <kbd>C-c C-m C-r</kbd> and <kbd>C-c @@ -14213,9 +15097,9 @@ C-m C-b</kbd> by default. <dl> <dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-r</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-region</kbd><dd>Format the current region for Info. -<a name="index-makeinfo_002dregion-1143"></a> +<a name="index-makeinfo_002dregion-1285"></a> <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-b</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-buffer</kbd><dd>Format the current buffer for Info. -<a name="index-makeinfo_002dbuffer-1144"></a></dl> +<a name="index-makeinfo_002dbuffer-1286"></a></dl> <p>When you invoke <code>makeinfo-region</code> the output goes to a temporary buffer. When you invoke <code>makeinfo-buffer</code> output goes to the @@ -14226,10 +15110,10 @@ run the <code>makeinfo</code> program in a temporary shell buffer. If <code>makeinfo</code> finds any errors, Emacs displays the error messages in the temporary buffer. - <p><a name="index-Errors_002c-parsing-1145"></a><a name="index-Parsing-errors-1146"></a><a name="index-next_002derror-1147"></a>You can parse the error messages by typing <kbd>C-x `</kbd> + <p><a name="index-Errors_002c-parsing-1287"></a><a name="index-Parsing-errors-1288"></a><a name="index-next_002derror-1289"></a>You can parse the error messages by typing <kbd>C-x `</kbd> (<code>next-error</code>). This causes Emacs to go to and position the cursor on the line in the Texinfo source that <code>makeinfo</code> thinks -caused the error. See <a href="emacs.html#Compilation">Running <code>make</code> or Compilers Generally (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more +caused the error. See <a href="emacs.html#Compilation">Running <code>make</code> or Compilers Generally</a>, for more information about using the <code>next-error</code> command. <p>In addition, you can kill the shell in which the <code>makeinfo</code> @@ -14237,10 +15121,10 @@ command is running or make the shell buffer display its most recent output. <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-k</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-kill-job</kbd><dd><a name="index-makeinfo_002dkill_002djob-1148"></a>Kill the current running <code>makeinfo</code> job +<dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-k</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-kill-job</kbd><dd><a name="index-makeinfo_002dkill_002djob-1290"></a>Kill the current running <code>makeinfo</code> job (from <code>makeinfo-region</code> or <code>makeinfo-buffer</code>). - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-l</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-recenter-output-buffer</kbd><dd><a name="index-makeinfo_002drecenter_002doutput_002dbuffer-1149"></a>Redisplay the <code>makeinfo</code> shell buffer to display its most recent + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-m C-l</kbd><dt><kbd>M-x makeinfo-recenter-output-buffer</kbd><dd><a name="index-makeinfo_002drecenter_002doutput_002dbuffer-1291"></a>Redisplay the <code>makeinfo</code> shell buffer to display its most recent output. </dl> @@ -14250,9 +15134,9 @@ job are <kbd>C-c C-t C-k</kbd> and <kbd>C-c C-t C-l</kbd>. See <a href="#Texinf <p>You can specify options for <code>makeinfo</code> by setting the <code>makeinfo-options</code> variable with either the <kbd>M-x customize</kbd> or the <kbd>M-x set-variable</kbd> command, or by setting the -variable in your <span class="file">.emacs</span> initialization file. +variable in your <samp><span class="file">.emacs</span></samp> initialization file. - <p>For example, you could write the following in your <span class="file">.emacs</span> file: + <p>For example, you could write the following in your <samp><span class="file">.emacs</span></samp> file: <pre class="example"> (setq makeinfo-options "--paragraph-indent=0 --no-split @@ -14261,17 +15145,19 @@ variable in your <span class="file">.emacs</span> initialization file. <p class="noindent"><!-- If you write these three cross references using xref, you see --> <!-- three references to the same named manual, which looks strange. --> For more information, see<br> -<a href="emacs.html#Easy-Customization">Easy Customization Interface (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>,<br> -<a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>,<br> -<a href="emacs.html#Init-File">Init File (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, and<br> +<a href="emacs.html#Easy-Customization">Easy Customization Interface</a>,<br> +<a href="emacs.html#Examining">Examining and Setting Variables</a>,<br> +<a href="emacs.html#Init-File">Init File</a>, and<br> <a href="#makeinfo-options">Options for <code>makeinfo</code></a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="texinfo_002dformat-commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a>, +<a name="texinfo-format-commands"></a> +<a name="texinfo_002dformat-commands"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.6 The <code>texinfo-format...</code> Commands</h4> @@ -14279,7 +15165,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Inf <p>In GNU Emacs in Texinfo mode, you can format part or all of a Texinfo file with the <code>texinfo-format-region</code> command. This formats the current region and displays the formatted text in a temporary buffer -called <span class="samp">*Info Region*</span>. +called ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Info Region*</span></samp>’. <p>Similarly, you can format a buffer with the <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> command. This command creates a new @@ -14289,9 +15175,9 @@ save the Info file under the name specified by the Texinfo file. <dl> -<dt><kbd>C-c C-e C-r</kbd><dt><code>texinfo-format-region</code><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-1150"></a>Format the current region for Info. +<dt><kbd>C-c C-e C-r</kbd><dt><code>texinfo-format-region</code><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-1292"></a>Format the current region for Info. - <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-e C-b</kbd><dt><code>texinfo-format-buffer</code><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-1151"></a>Format the current buffer for Info. + <br><dt><kbd>C-c C-e C-b</kbd><dt><code>texinfo-format-buffer</code><dd><a name="index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-1293"></a>Format the current buffer for Info. </dl> <p>The <code>texinfo-format-region</code> and <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> @@ -14303,22 +15189,23 @@ provides better error checking (see <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Ema <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Batch-Formatting"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a>, +<a name="Batch-Formatting"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.7 Batch Formatting</h4> -<p><a name="index-Batch-formatting-for-Info-1152"></a><a name="index-Info-batch-formatting-1153"></a> +<p><a name="index-Batch-formatting-for-Info-1294"></a><a name="index-Info-batch-formatting-1295"></a> You can format Texinfo files for Info using <code>batch-texinfo-format</code> and Emacs Batch mode. You can run Emacs in Batch mode from any shell, -including a shell inside of Emacs. (See <a href="emacs.html#Command-Arguments">Command Arguments (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>.) +including a shell inside of Emacs. (See <a href="emacs.html#Command-Arguments">Command Arguments</a>.) <p>Here is a shell command to format all the files that end in -<span class="file">.texinfo</span> in the current directory: +<samp><span class="file">.texinfo</span></samp> in the current directory: <pre class="example"> emacs -batch -funcall batch-texinfo-format *.texinfo </pre> @@ -14337,22 +15224,23 @@ use that Emacs for anything else until the command finishes.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Tag-and-Split-Files"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a>, +<a name="Tag-and-Split-Files"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h4 class="subsection">21.1.8 Tag Files and Split Files</h4> -<p><a name="index-Making-a-tag-table-automatically-1154"></a><a name="index-Tag-table_002c-making-automatically-1155"></a> +<p><a name="index-Making-a-tag-table-automatically-1296"></a><a name="index-Tag-table_002c-making-automatically-1297"></a> If a Texinfo file has more than 30,000 bytes, <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> automatically creates a tag table for its Info file; <code>makeinfo</code> always creates a tag table. With a <dfn>tag table</dfn>, Info can jump to new nodes more quickly than it can otherwise. - <p><a name="index-Indirect-subfiles-1156"></a>In addition, if the Texinfo file contains more than about 300,000 + <p><a name="index-Indirect-subfiles-1298"></a>In addition, if the Texinfo file contains more than about 300,000 bytes, <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> and <code>makeinfo</code> split the large Info file into shorter <dfn>indirect</dfn> subfiles of about 300,000 bytes each. Big files are split into smaller files so that Emacs does @@ -14371,13 +15259,13 @@ the original file that contains just the tag table and references to the files that were split off. The split-off files are called <dfn>indirect</dfn> files. - <p>The split-off files have names that are created by appending <span class="samp">-1</span><!-- /@w -->, -<span class="samp">-2</span><!-- /@w -->, <span class="samp">-3</span><!-- /@w --> and so on to the file name specified by the + <p>The split-off files have names that are created by appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->, +‘<samp><span class="samp">-2</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-3</span></samp>’<!-- /@w --> and so on to the file name specified by the <code>@setfilename</code> command. The shortened version of the original file continues to have the name specified by <code>@setfilename</code>. <p>At one stage in writing this document, for example, the Info file was saved -as the file <span class="file">test-texinfo</span> and that file looked like this: +as the file <samp><span class="file">test-texinfo</span></samp> and that file looked like this: <pre class="example"> Info file: test-texinfo, -*-Text-*- produced by texinfo-format-buffer @@ -14397,11 +15285,11 @@ as the file <span class="file">test-texinfo</span> and that file looked like thi Node: conventions^?6855 ... </pre> - <p class="noindent">(But <span class="file">test-texinfo</span> had far more nodes than are shown here.) Each of -the split-off, indirect files, <span class="file">test-texinfo-1</span>, -<span class="file">test-texinfo-2</span>, and <span class="file">test-texinfo-3</span>, is listed in this file -after the line that says <span class="samp">Indirect:</span>. The tag table is listed after -the line that says <span class="samp">Tag table:</span>. + <p class="noindent">(But <samp><span class="file">test-texinfo</span></samp> had far more nodes than are shown here.) Each of +the split-off, indirect files, <samp><span class="file">test-texinfo-1</span></samp>, +<samp><span class="file">test-texinfo-2</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">test-texinfo-3</span></samp>, is listed in this file +after the line that says ‘<samp><span class="samp">Indirect:</span></samp>’. The tag table is listed after +the line that says ‘<samp><span class="samp">Tag table:</span></samp>’. <p>In the list of indirect files, the number following the file name records the cumulative number of bytes in the preceding indirect files, @@ -14420,15 +15308,16 @@ validate the structure of the nodes, see <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Usin <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Installing-an-Info-File"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>, +<a name="Installing-an-Info-File"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">21.2 Installing an Info File</h3> -<p><a name="index-Installing-an-Info-file-1157"></a><a name="index-Info-file-installation-1158"></a><a name="index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-directory-for-Info-installation-1159"></a> -Info files are usually kept in the <span class="file">info</span> directory. You can read +<p><a name="index-Installing-an-Info-file-1299"></a><a name="index-Info-file-installation-1300"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-directory-for-Info-installation-1301"></a> +Info files are usually kept in the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory. You can read Info files using the standalone Info program or the Info reader built into Emacs. (see <a href="info.html#Top">info</a>, for an introduction to Info.) @@ -14444,20 +15333,21 @@ into Emacs. (see <a href="info.html#Top">info</a>, for an introduction to Info. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Directory-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a>, +<a name="Directory-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">21.2.1 The Directory File <span class="file">dir</span></h4> +<h4 class="subsection">21.2.1 The Directory File <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp></h4> -<p>For Info to work, the <span class="file">info</span> directory must contain a file that +<p>For Info to work, the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory must contain a file that serves as a top level directory for the Info system. By convention, -this file is called <span class="file">dir</span>. (You can find the location of this file +this file is called <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>. (You can find the location of this file within Emacs by typing <kbd>C-h i</kbd> to enter Info and then typing -<kbd>C-x C-f</kbd> to see the pathname to the <span class="file">info</span> directory.) +<kbd>C-x C-f</kbd> to see the pathname to the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory.) - <p>The <span class="file">dir</span> file is itself an Info file. It contains the top level + <p>The <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file is itself an Info file. It contains the top level menu for all the Info files in the system. The menu looks like this: @@ -14475,9 +15365,9 @@ that is named in parentheses. (The menu entry does not need to specify the `Top' node, since Info goes to the `Top' node if no node name is mentioned. See <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Nodes in Other Info Files</a>.) - <p>Thus, the <span class="samp">Info</span> entry points to the `Top' node of the -<span class="file">info</span> file and the <span class="samp">Emacs</span> entry points to the `Top' node -of the <span class="file">emacs</span> file. + <p>Thus, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Info</span></samp>’ entry points to the `Top' node of the +<samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> file and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">Emacs</span></samp>’ entry points to the `Top' node +of the <samp><span class="file">emacs</span></samp> file. <p>In each of the Info files, the `Up' pointer of the `Top' node refers back to the <code>dir</code> file. For example, the line for the `Top' @@ -14485,23 +15375,24 @@ node of the Emacs manual looks like this in Info: <pre class="example"> File: emacs Node: Top, Up: (DIR), Next: Distrib </pre> - <p class="noindent">In this case, the <span class="file">dir</span> file name is written in upper case + <p class="noindent">In this case, the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file name is written in upper case letters—it can be written in either upper or lower case. This is not -true in general, it is a special case for <span class="file">dir</span>. +true in general, it is a special case for <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="New-Info-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a>, +<a name="New-Info-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Directory-File">Directory File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.2.2 Listing a New Info File</h4> -<p><a name="index-Adding-a-new-Info-file-1160"></a><a name="index-Listing-a-new-Info-file-1161"></a><a name="index-New-Info-file_002c-listing-it-in-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-1162"></a><a name="index-Info-file_002c-listing-a-new-1163"></a><a name="index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-listing-1164"></a> +<p><a name="index-Adding-a-new-Info-file-1302"></a><a name="index-Listing-a-new-Info-file-1303"></a><a name="index-New-Info-file_002c-listing-it-in-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-1304"></a><a name="index-Info-file_002c-listing-a-new-1305"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-listing-1306"></a> To add a new Info file to your system, you must write a menu entry to -add to the menu in the <span class="file">dir</span> file in the <span class="file">info</span> directory. +add to the menu in the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file in the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory. For example, if you were adding documentation for GDB, you would write the following new entry: @@ -14511,111 +15402,112 @@ the following new entry: colon. The second part is the name of the Info file, in parentheses, followed by a period. The third part is the description. - <p>The name of an Info file often has a <span class="file">.info</span> extension. Thus, the -Info file for GDB might be called either <span class="file">gdb</span> or <span class="file">gdb.info</span>. + <p>The name of an Info file often has a <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp> extension. Thus, the +Info file for GDB might be called either <samp><span class="file">gdb</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">gdb.info</span></samp>. The Info reader programs automatically try the file name both with and -without <span class="file">.info</span><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-10" name="fnd-10"><sup>10</sup></a>; so it is better to avoid -clutter and not to write <span class="samp">.info</span> explicitly in the menu entry. For -example, the GDB menu entry should use just <span class="samp">gdb</span> for the file -name, not <span class="samp">gdb.info</span>. +without <samp><span class="file">.info</span></samp><a rel="footnote" href="#fn-10" name="fnd-10"><sup>10</sup></a>; so it is better to avoid +clutter and not to write ‘<samp><span class="samp">.info</span></samp>’ explicitly in the menu entry. For +example, the GDB menu entry should use just ‘<samp><span class="samp">gdb</span></samp>’ for the file +name, not ‘<samp><span class="samp">gdb.info</span></samp>’. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Other-Info-Directories"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a>, +<a name="Other-Info-Directories"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.2.3 Info Files in Other Directories</h4> -<p><a name="index-Installing-Info-in-another-directory-1165"></a><a name="index-Info-installed-in-another-directory-1166"></a><a name="index-Another-Info-directory-1167"></a><a name="index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-files-and-Info-directories-1168"></a> -If an Info file is not in the <span class="file">info</span> directory, there are three +<p><a name="index-Installing-Info-in-another-directory-1307"></a><a name="index-Info-installed-in-another-directory-1308"></a><a name="index-Another-Info-directory-1309"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-files-and-Info-directories-1310"></a> +If an Info file is not in the <samp><span class="file">info</span></samp> directory, there are three ways to specify its location: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>Write the pathname in the <span class="file">dir</span> file as the second part of the menu. +<li>Write the pathname in the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file as the second part of the menu. - <li>If you are using Emacs, list the name of the file in a second <span class="file">dir</span> + <li>If you are using Emacs, list the name of the file in a second <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file, in its directory; and then add the name of that directory to the <code>Info-directory-list</code> variable in your personal or site initialization file. - <p>This variable tells Emacs where to look for <span class="file">dir</span> files (the files -must be named <span class="file">dir</span>). Emacs merges the files named <span class="file">dir</span> from + <p>This variable tells Emacs where to look for <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> files (the files +must be named <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>). Emacs merges the files named <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> from each of the listed directories. (In Emacs version 18, you can set the <code>Info-directory</code> variable to the name of only one directory.) <li>Specify the Info directory name in the <code>INFOPATH</code> environment -variable in your <span class="file">.profile</span> or <span class="file">.cshrc</span> initialization file. +variable in your <samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> initialization file. (Only you and others who set this environment variable will be able to find Info files whose location is specified this way.) </ol> - <p>For example, to reach a test file in the <span class="file">/home/bob/info</span> + <p>For example, to reach a test file in the <samp><span class="file">/home/bob/info</span></samp> directory, you could add an entry like this to the menu in the -standard <span class="file">dir</span> file: +standard <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file: <pre class="example"> * Test: (/home/bob/info/info-test). Bob's own test file. </pre> - <p class="noindent">In this case, the absolute file name of the <span class="file">info-test</span> file is + <p class="noindent">In this case, the absolute file name of the <samp><span class="file">info-test</span></samp> file is written as the second part of the menu entry. - <p>Alternatively, you could write the following in your <span class="file">.emacs</span> file: + <p>Alternatively, you could write the following in your <samp><span class="file">.emacs</span></samp> file: - <p><a name="index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-1169"></a> + <p><a name="index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-1311"></a> <pre class="example"> (require 'info) (setq Info-directory-list (cons (expand-file-name "/home/bob/info") Info-directory-list)) </pre> - <p>This tells Emacs to merge the system <span class="file">dir</span> file with the <span class="file">dir</span> -file in <span class="file">/home/bob/info</span>. Thus, Info will list the -<span class="file">/home/bob/info/info-test</span> file as a menu entry in the -<span class="file">/home/bob/info/dir</span> file. Emacs does the merging only when + <p>This tells Emacs to merge the system <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file with the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> +file in <samp><span class="file">/home/bob/info</span></samp>. Thus, Info will list the +<samp><span class="file">/home/bob/info/info-test</span></samp> file as a menu entry in the +<samp><span class="file">/home/bob/info/dir</span></samp> file. Emacs does the merging only when <kbd>M-x info</kbd> is first run, so if you want to set <code>Info-directory-list</code> in an Emacs session where you've already run <code>info</code>, you must <code>(setq Info-dir-contents nil)</code> to force Emacs -to recompose the <span class="file">dir</span> file. +to recompose the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file. - <p><a name="index-INFOPATH-1170"></a><a name="index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bINFOPATH_007d-1171"></a>Finally, you can tell Info where to look by setting the <code>INFOPATH</code> -environment variable in your shell startup file, such as <span class="file">.cshrc</span>, -<span class="file">.profile</span> or <span class="file">autoexec.bat</span>. If you use a Bourne-compatible + <p><a name="index-INFOPATH-1312"></a><a name="index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bINFOPATH_007d-1313"></a>Finally, you can tell Info where to look by setting the <code>INFOPATH</code> +environment variable in your shell startup file, such as <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp>, +<samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">autoexec.bat</span></samp>. If you use a Bourne-compatible shell such as <code>sh</code> or <code>bash</code> for your shell command interpreter, you set the <code>INFOPATH</code> environment variable in the -<span class="file">.profile</span> initialization file; but if you use <code>csh</code> or -<code>tcsh</code>, you set the variable in the <span class="file">.cshrc</span> initialization +<samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> initialization file; but if you use <code>csh</code> or +<code>tcsh</code>, you set the variable in the <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> initialization file. On MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, you must set <code>INFOPATH</code> in -your <span class="file">autoexec.bat</span> file or in the Registry. Each type of shell +your <samp><span class="file">autoexec.bat</span></samp> file or in the Registry. Each type of shell uses a different syntax. <ul> -<li>In a <span class="file">.cshrc</span> file, you could set the <code>INFOPATH</code> +<li>In a <samp><span class="file">.cshrc</span></samp> file, you could set the <code>INFOPATH</code> variable as follows: <pre class="smallexample"> setenv INFOPATH .:~/info:/usr/local/emacs/info - </pre> - <li>In a <span class="file">.profile</span> file, you would achieve the same effect by +</pre> + <li>In a <samp><span class="file">.profile</span></samp> file, you would achieve the same effect by writing: <pre class="smallexample"> INFOPATH=.:$HOME/info:/usr/local/emacs/info export INFOPATH - </pre> - <li><a name="index-autoexec_002ebat-1172"></a>In a <span class="file">autoexec.bat</span> file, you write this command<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-11" name="fnd-11"><sup>11</sup></a>: +</pre> + <li><a name="index-autoexec_002ebat-1314"></a>In a <samp><span class="file">autoexec.bat</span></samp> file, you write this command<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-11" name="fnd-11"><sup>11</sup></a>: <pre class="smallexample"> set INFOPATH=.;%HOME%/info;c:/usr/local/emacs/info - </pre> +</pre> </ul> -<p class="noindent">The <span class="samp">.</span> indicates the current directory as usual. Emacs uses the +<p class="noindent">The ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ indicates the current directory as usual. Emacs uses the <code>INFOPATH</code> environment variable to initialize the value of Emacs's own <code>Info-directory-list</code> variable. The stand-alone Info reader -merges any files named <span class="file">dir</span> in any directory listed in the -<span class="env">INFOPATH</span> variable into a single menu presented to you in the node -called <span class="samp">(dir)Top</span>. +merges any files named <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> in any directory listed in the +<samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp> variable into a single menu presented to you in the node +called ‘<samp><span class="samp">(dir)Top</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-Colon_002c-last-in-_0040env_007bINFOPATH_007d-1173"></a>However you set <span class="env">INFOPATH</span>, if its last character is a + <p><a name="index-Colon_002c-last-in-_0040env_007bINFOPATH_007d-1315"></a>However you set <samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp>, if its last character is a colon<a rel="footnote" href="#fn-12" name="fnd-12"><sup>12</sup></a>, this is replaced by the default (compiled-in) path. This gives you a way to augment the default path with new directories without having to list all @@ -14624,31 +15516,32 @@ the standard places. For example (using <code>sh</code> syntax): <pre class="example"> INFOPATH=/local/info: export INFOPATH </pre> - <p class="noindent">will search <span class="file">/local/info</span> first, then the standard directories. + <p class="noindent">will search <samp><span class="file">/local/info</span></samp> first, then the standard directories. Leading or doubled colons are not treated specially. - <p><a name="index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file_002c-creating-your-own-1174"></a>When you create your own <span class="file">dir</span> file for use with -<code>Info-directory-list</code> or <span class="env">INFOPATH</span>, it's easiest to start by -copying an existing <span class="file">dir</span> file and replace all the text after the -<span class="samp">* Menu:</span> with your desired entries. That way, the punctuation and + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-file_002c-creating-your-own-1316"></a>When you create your own <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file for use with +<code>Info-directory-list</code> or <samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp>, it's easiest to start by +copying an existing <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file and replace all the text after the +‘<samp><span class="samp">* Menu:</span></samp>’ with your desired entries. That way, the punctuation and special CTRL-_ characters that Info needs will be present. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Installing-Dir-Entries"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a>, +<a name="Installing-Dir-Entries"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">21.2.4 Installing Info Directory Files</h4> <p>When you install an Info file onto your system, you can use the program -<code>install-info</code> to update the Info directory file <span class="file">dir</span>. +<code>install-info</code> to update the Info directory file <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>. Normally the makefile for the package runs <code>install-info</code>, just after copying the Info file into its proper installed location. - <p><a name="index-dircategory-1175"></a><a name="index-direntry-1176"></a>In order for the Info file to work with <code>install-info</code>, you include + <p><a name="index-dircategory-1317"></a><a name="index-direntry-1318"></a>In order for the Info file to work with <code>install-info</code>, you include the commands <code>@dircategory</code> and <code>@direntry</code><small class="dots">...</small><code>@end direntry</code> in the Texinfo source file. Use <code>@direntry</code> to specify the menu entries to add to the @@ -14680,17 +15573,27 @@ the beginning of the Texinfo input, before the first <code>@node</code> command. If you use them later on in the input, <code>install-info</code> will not notice them. + <p><code>install-info</code> will automatically reformat the description of the +menu entries it is adding. As a matter of convention, the description +of the main entry (above, ‘<samp><span class="samp">The GNU documentation format</span></samp>’) should +start at column 32, starting at zero (as in +<code>what-cursor-position</code> in Emacs). This will make it align with +most others. Description for individual utilities best start in +column 48, where possible. For more information about formatting see +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--calign</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--align</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--max-width</span></samp>’ options in +<a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a>. + <p>If you use <code>@dircategory</code> more than once in the Texinfo source, each usage specifies the `current' category; any subsequent <code>@direntry</code> commands will add to that category. - <p><a name="index-Free-Software-Directory-1177"></a><a name="index-Dir-categories_002c-choosing-1178"></a><a name="index-Categories_002c-choosing-1179"></a>When choosing a category name for the <code>@dircategory</code> command, we + <p><a name="index-Free-Software-Directory-1319"></a><a name="index-Dir-categories_002c-choosing-1320"></a><a name="index-Categories_002c-choosing-1321"></a>When choosing a category name for the <code>@dircategory</code> command, we recommend consulting the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/directory">Free Software Directory</a>. If your program is not listed there, or listed incorrectly or incompletely, please report the situation to the directory maintainers (<a href="mailto:bug-directory@gnu.org">bug-directory@gnu.org</a>) so that the category names can be kept in sync. - <p>Here are a few examples (see the <span class="file">util/dir-example</span> file in the + <p>Here are a few examples (see the <samp><span class="file">util/dir-example</span></samp> file in the Texinfo distribution for large sample <code>dir</code> file): <pre class="display"> Emacs @@ -14700,25 +15603,28 @@ Texinfo distribution for large sample <code>dir</code> file): Software libraries Text creation and manipulation </pre> - <p><a name="index-Invoking-nodes_002c-including-in-dir-file-1180"></a>Each `Invoking' node for every program installed should have a + <p><a name="index-Invoking-nodes_002c-including-in-dir-file-1322"></a>Each `Invoking' node for every program installed should have a corresponding <code>@direntry</code>. This lets users easily find the documentation for the different programs they can run, as with the -traditional <span class="command">man</span> system. +traditional <samp><span class="command">man</span></samp> system. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Invoking-install_002dinfo"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a>, +<a name="Invoking-install-info"></a> +<a name="Invoking-install_002dinfo"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a> -<br> + </div> -<h4 class="subsection">21.2.5 Invoking <span class="command">install-info</span></h4> +<h4 class="subsection">21.2.5 Invoking <samp><span class="command">install-info</span></samp></h4> -<p><a name="index-install_002dinfo-1181"></a> +<p><a name="index-install_002dinfo-1323"></a> <code>install-info</code> inserts menu entries from an Info file into the -top-level <span class="file">dir</span> file in the Info system (see the previous sections -for an explanation of how the <span class="file">dir</span> file works). It's most often -run as part of software installation, or when constructing a <span class="file">dir</span> file +top-level <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file in the Info system (see the previous sections +for an explanation of how the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file works). <code>install-info</code> +also removes menu entries from the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file. It's most often +run as part of software installation, or when constructing a <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file for all manuals on a system. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> install-info [<var>option</var>]... [<var>info-file</var> [<var>dir-file</var>]] @@ -14726,74 +15632,149 @@ for all manuals on a system. Synopsis: <p>If <var>info-file</var> or <var>dir-file</var> are not specified, the options (described below) that define them must be. There are no compile-time defaults, and standard input is never used. <code>install-info</code> can -read only one Info file and write only one <span class="file">dir</span> file per invocation. +read only one Info file and write only one <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file per invocation. - <p><a name="index-_0040file_007bdir_007d_002c-created-by-_0040code_007binstall_002dinfo_007d-1182"></a>If <var>dir-file</var> (however specified) does not exist, + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d_002c-created-by-_0040code_007binstall_002dinfo_007d-1324"></a>If <var>dir-file</var> (however specified) does not exist, <code>install-info</code> creates it if possible (with no entries). - <p><a name="index-Compressed-files_002c-reading-1183"></a><a name="index-Dir-files_002c-compressed-1184"></a>If any input file is compressed with <code>gzip</code> (see <a href="gzip.html#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip (Gzip)</a>), <code>install-info</code> automatically uncompresses it + <p><a name="index-Compressed-files_002c-reading-1325"></a><a name="index-Dir-files_002c-compressed-1326"></a>If any input file is compressed with <code>gzip</code> (see <a href="gzip.html#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip</a>), <code>install-info</code> automatically uncompresses it for reading. And if <var>dir-file</var> is compressed, <code>install-info</code> also automatically leaves it compressed after writing any changes. If <var>dir-file</var> itself does not exist, <code>install-info</code> tries to -open <var>dir-file</var><span class="file">.gz</span>. +open <samp><var>dir-file</var><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>. <p>Options: <dl> -<dt><code>--delete</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002ddelete-1185"></a>Delete the entries in <var>info-file</var> from <var>dir-file</var>. The file +<dt><code>--add-once</code><dd>Specifies that the entry or entries will only be put into a single section. + + <br><dt><code>--align=</code><var>column</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dalign_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1327"></a>Specifies the column that the second and subsequent lines of menu entry's +description will be formatted to begin at. The default for this option is +‘<samp><span class="samp">35</span></samp>’. It is used in conjunction with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--max-width</span></samp>’ option. +<var>column</var> starts counting at 1. + + <br><dt><code>--append-new-sections</code><dd>Instead of alphabetizing new sections, place them at the end of the DIR file. + + <br><dt><code>--calign=</code><var>column</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcalign_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1328"></a>Specifies the column that the first line of menu entry's description will +be formatted to begin at. The default for this option is ‘<samp><span class="samp">33</span></samp>’. It is +used in conjunction with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--max-width</span></samp>’ option. +When the name of the menu entry exceeds this column, entry's description +will start on the following line. +<var>column</var> starts counting at 1. + + <br><dt><code>--debug</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddebug-1329"></a>Report what is being done. + + <br><dt><code>--delete</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddelete-1330"></a>Delete the entries in <var>info-file</var> from <var>dir-file</var>. The file name in the entry in <var>dir-file</var> must be <var>info-file</var> (except for -an optional <span class="samp">.info</span> in either one). Don't insert any new entries. +an optional ‘<samp><span class="samp">.info</span></samp>’ in either one). Don't insert any new entries. +Any empty sections that result from the removal are also removed. + + <br><dt><code>--description=</code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddescription_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1331"></a>Specify the explanatory portion of the menu entry. If you don't specify +a description (either via ‘<samp><span class="samp">--entry</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--item</span></samp>’ or this option), +the description is taken from the Info file itself. - <br><dt><code>--dir-file=</code><var>name</var><dt><code>-d </code><var>name</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002ddir_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-1186"></a><a name="index-_002dd-_0040var_007bname_007d-1187"></a>Specify file name of the Info directory file. This is equivalent to + <br><dt><code>--dir-file=</code><var>name</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddir_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-1332"></a>Specify file name of the Info directory file. This is equivalent to using the <var>dir-file</var> argument. - <br><dt><code>--entry=</code><var>text</var><dt><code>-e </code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dentry_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1188"></a><a name="index-_002de-_0040var_007btext_007d-1189"></a>Insert <var>text</var> as an Info directory entry; <var>text</var> should have the + <br><dt><code>--dry-run</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddry_002drun-1333"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--test</span></samp>’. + + <br><dt><code>--entry=</code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dentry_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1334"></a>Insert <var>text</var> as an Info directory entry; <var>text</var> should have the form of an Info menu item line plus zero or more extra lines starting with whitespace. If you specify more than one entry, they are all added. If you don't specify any entries, they are determined from information in the Info file itself. - <br><dt><code>--help</code><dt><code>-h</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dhelp-1190"></a><a name="index-_002dh-1191"></a>Display a usage message listing basic usage and all available options, + <br><dt><code>--help</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-1335"></a>Display a usage message with basic usage and all available options, then exit successfully. - <br><dt><code>--info-file=</code><var>file</var><dt><code>-i </code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dinfo_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1192"></a><a name="index-_002di-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1193"></a>Specify Info file to install in the directory. -Equivalent to using the <var>info-file</var> argument. + <br><dt><code>--info-file=</code><var>file</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinfo_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1336"></a>Specify Info file to install in the directory. This is +equivalent to using the <var>info-file</var> argument. - <br><dt><code>--info-dir=</code><var>dir</var><dt><code>-D </code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dinfo_002ddir_003d_0040var_007bdir_007d-1194"></a><a name="index-_002dD-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1195"></a>Specify the directory where the directory file <span class="file">dir</span> resides. -Equivalent to <span class="samp">--dir-file=</span><var>dir</var><span class="samp">/dir</span>. + <br><dt><code>--info-dir=</code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinfo_002ddir_003d_0040var_007bdir_007d-1337"></a>Specify the directory where the directory file <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> resides. +Equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">--dir-file=</span><var>dir</var><span class="samp">/dir</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>--item=</code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002ditem_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1196"></a>Same as <span class="samp">--entry=</span><var>text</var>. An Info directory entry is actually + <br><dt><code>--infodir=</code><var>dir</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinfodir_003d_0040var_007bdir_007d-1338"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--info-dir</span></samp>’. + + <br><dt><code>--item=</code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ditem_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1339"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--entry=</span><var>text</var></samp>’. An Info directory entry is actually a menu item. - <br><dt><code>--quiet</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dquiet-1197"></a>Suppress warnings. + <br><dt><code>--keep-old</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dkeep_002dold-1340"></a>Do not replace pre-existing menu entries. When ‘<samp><span class="samp">--remove</span></samp>’ is specified, +this option means that empty sections are not removed. + + <br><dt><code>--max-width=</code><var>column</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmax_002dwidth_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1341"></a>Specifies the column that the menu entry's description will be word-wrapped +at. <var>column</var> starts counting at 1. + + <br><dt><code>--maxwidth=</code><var>column</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmaxwidth_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1342"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--max-width</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>--remove</code><dt><code>-r</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dremove-1198"></a><a name="index-_002dr-1199"></a>Same as <span class="samp">--delete</span>. + <br><dt><code>--menuentry=</code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmenuentry_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1343"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--name</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>--section=</code><var>sec</var><dt><code>-s </code><var>sec</var><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dsection_003d_0040var_007bsec_007d-1200"></a><a name="index-_002ds-_0040var_007bsec_007d-1201"></a>Put this file's entries in section <var>sec</var> of the directory. If you + <br><dt><code>--name=</code><var>text</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dname_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1344"></a>Specify the name portion of the menu entry. If the <var>text</var> does not start +with an asterisk ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’, it is presumed to be the text after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ +and before the parentheses that specify the Info file. Otherwise <var>text</var> +is taken verbatim, and is meant to include the text up to and including the +first dot ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’. If you don't specify the name (either via ‘<samp><span class="samp">--entry</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">--item</span></samp>’ or this option), it is taken from the Info file itself. If +the Info does not contain the name, the basename of the Info file is used. + + <br><dt><code>--no-indent</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dindent-1345"></a>Suppress formatting of new entries into the <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file. + + <br><dt><code>--quiet</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-1346"></a><dt><code>--silent</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsilent-1347"></a>Suppress warnings, etc., for silent operation. + + <br><dt><code>--remove</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dremove-1348"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--delete</span></samp>’. + + <br><dt><code>--remove-exactly</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dremove_002dexactly-1349"></a>Also like ‘<samp><span class="samp">--delete</span></samp>’, but only entries if the Info file name +matches exactly; <code>.info</code> and/or <code>.gz</code> suffixes are +<em>not</em> ignored. + + <br><dt><code>--section=</code><var>sec</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsection_003d_0040var_007bsec_007d-1350"></a>Put this file's entries in section <var>sec</var> of the directory. If you specify more than one section, all the entries are added in each of the sections. If you don't specify any sections, they are determined from -information in the Info file itself. +information in the Info file itself. If the Info file doesn't specify +a section, the menu entries are put into the Miscellaneous section. + + <br><dt><code>--section </code><var>regex</var> <var>sec</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsection-_0040var_007bregex_007d-_0040var_007bsec_007d-1351"></a>Same as ‘<samp><span class="samp">--regex=</span><var>regex</var><span class="samp"> --section=</span><var>sec</var><span class="samp"> --add-once</span></samp>’. + + <p><code>install-info</code> tries to detect when this alternate syntax is used, +but does not always guess correctly! Here is the heuristic that +<code>install-info</code> uses: + <ol type=1 start=1> +<li>If the second argument to <code>--section</code> starts with a hyphen, the original syntax is presumed. +<li>If the second argument to <code>--section</code> is a file that can be opened, the original syntax is presumed +<li>Otherwise the alternate syntax is used. + </ol> + + <p>When heuristic fails because your section title starts with a hyphen, or it +happens to be a filename that can be opened, the syntax should be changed +to ‘<samp><span class="samp">--regex=</span><var>regex</var><span class="samp"> --section=</span><var>sec</var><span class="samp"> --add-once</span></samp>’. + + <br><dt><code>--regex=</code><var>regex</var><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dregex_003d_0040var_007bregex_007d-1352"></a>Put this file's entries into any section that matches <var>regex</var>. If +more than one section matches, all of the entries are added in each of the +sections. Specify <var>regex</var> using basic regular expression syntax, more +or less as used with <samp><span class="command">grep</span></samp>, for example. + + <br><dt><code>--test</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dtest-1353"></a>Suppress updating of the directory file. - <br><dt><code>--version</code><dt><code>-V</code><dd><a name="index-_002d_002dversion-1202"></a><a name="index-_002dV-1203"></a><a name="index-Version-number_002c-for-install_002dinfo-1204"></a>Display version information and exit successfully. + <br><dt><code>--version</code><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-1354"></a><a name="index-Version-number_002c-for-install_002dinfo-1355"></a>Display version information and exit successfully. </dl> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Generating-HTML"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command-List">Command List</a>, +<a name="Generating-HTML"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command-List">Command List</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="chapter">22 Generating HTML</h2> -<p><a name="index-HTML-output-1205"></a> -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> generates Info output by default, but given the -<span class="option">--html</span> option, it will generate HTML, for web browsers and +<p><a name="index-HTML-output-1356"></a> +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> generates Info output by default, but given the +<samp><span class="option">--html</span></samp> option, it will generate HTML, for web browsers and other programs. This chapter gives some details on such HTML output. - <p><span class="command">makeinfo</span> can also write in XML and Docbook format, but we do + <p><samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> can also write in XML and Docbook format, but we do not as yet describe these further. See <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>, for a brief overview of all the output formats. @@ -14806,58 +15787,60 @@ overview of all the output formats. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Translation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a>, +<a name="HTML-Translation"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">22.1 HTML Translation</h3> -<p><span class="command">makeinfo</span> will include segments of Texinfo source between +<p><samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> will include segments of Texinfo source between <code>@ifhtml</code> and <code>@end ifhtml</code> in the HTML output (but not any of the other conditionals, by default). Source between <code>@html</code> and <code>@end html</code> is passed without change to the -output (i.e., suppressing the normal escaping of input <span class="samp"><</span>, -<span class="samp">></span> and <span class="samp">&</span> characters which have special significance in +output (i.e., suppressing the normal escaping of input ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">></span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>’ characters which have special significance in HTML). See <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a>. - <p><a name="index-_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_0040r_007b_002c-ignored-in-HTML-output_007d-1206"></a>The <span class="option">--footnote-style</span> option is currently ignored for HTML output; + <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_0040r_007b_002c-ignored-in-HTML-output_007d-1357"></a>The <samp><span class="option">--footnote-style</span></samp> option is currently ignored for HTML output; footnotes are always linked to the end of the output file. - <p><a name="index-Navigation-bar_002c-in-HTML-output-1207"></a>By default, a navigation bar is inserted at the start of each node, -analogous to Info output. The <span class="samp">--no-headers</span> option suppresses -this if used with <span class="samp">--no-split</span>. Header <code><link></code> elements in + <p><a name="index-Navigation-bar_002c-in-HTML-output-1358"></a>By default, a navigation bar is inserted at the start of each node, +analogous to Info output. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-headers</span></samp>’ option suppresses +this if used with ‘<samp><span class="samp">--no-split</span></samp>’. Header <code><link></code> elements in split output can support info-like navigation with browsers like Lynx -and Emacs W3<!-- /@w --> which implement this HTML <!-- /@w -->1.0 feature. +and Emacs W3<!-- /@w --> which implement this HTML 1.0 feature. - <p><a name="index-HTML-output_002c-browser-compatibility-of-1208"></a>The HTML generated is mostly standard (i.e., HTML <!-- /@w -->2.0, RFC-1866). -One exception is that HTML <!-- /@w -->3.2 tables are generated from the + <p><a name="index-HTML-output_002c-browser-compatibility-of-1359"></a>The HTML generated is mostly standard (i.e., HTML 2.0, RFC-1866). +One exception is that HTML 3.2 tables are generated from the <code>@multitable</code> command, but tagged to degrade as well as possible -in browsers without table support. The HTML <!-- /@w -->4 <span class="samp">lang</span> -attribute on the <span class="samp"><html></span> attribute is also used. (Please report +in browsers without table support. The HTML 4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">lang</span></samp>’ +attribute on the ‘<samp><span class="samp"><html></span></samp>’ attribute is also used. (Please report output from an error-free run of <code>makeinfo</code> which has browser portability problems as a bug.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Splitting"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>, +<a name="HTML-Splitting"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">22.2 HTML Splitting</h3> -<p><a name="index-Split-HTML-output-1209"></a><a name="index-HTML-output_002c-split-1210"></a> -When splitting output (which is the default), <span class="command">makeinfo</span> +<p><a name="index-Split-HTML-output-1360"></a><a name="index-HTML-output_002c-split-1361"></a> +When splitting output (which is the default), <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> writes HTML output into (generally) one output file per Texinfo source <code>@node</code>. <p>The output file name is the node name with special characters replaced -by <span class="samp">-</span>'s, so it can work as a filename. In the unusual case of +by ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’'s, so it can work as a filename. In the unusual case of two different nodes having the same name after this treatment, they are written consecutively to the same file, with HTML anchors so each -can be referred to separately. If <span class="command">makeinfo</span> is run on a +can be referred to separately. If <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> is run on a system which does not distinguish case in filenames, nodes which are the same except for case will also be folded into the same output file. @@ -14865,44 +15848,45 @@ file. <p>When splitting, the HTML output files are written into a subdirectory, with the name chosen as follows: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><span class="command">makeinfo</span> first tries the subdirectory with the base name +<li><samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> first tries the subdirectory with the base name from <code>@setfilename</code> (that is, any extension is removed). For example, HTML output for <code>@setfilename gcc.info</code> would be -written into a subdirectory named <span class="samp">gcc</span>. +written into a subdirectory named ‘<samp><span class="samp">gcc</span></samp>’. <li>If that directory cannot be created for any reason, then -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> tries appending <span class="samp">.html</span> to the directory name. +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> tries appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">.html</span></samp>’ to the directory name. For example, output for <code>@setfilename texinfo</code> would be written -to <span class="samp">texinfo.html</span>. +to ‘<samp><span class="samp">texinfo.html</span></samp>’. - <li>If the <var>name</var><span class="samp">.html</span> directory can't be + <li>If the ‘<samp><var>name</var><span class="samp">.html</span></samp>’ directory can't be created either, <code>makeinfo</code> gives up. </ol> <p class="noindent">In any case, the top-level output file within the directory -is always named <span class="samp">index.html</span>. +is always named ‘<samp><span class="samp">index.html</span></samp>’. <p>Monolithic output (<code>--no-split</code>) is named according to -<code>@setfilename</code> (with any <span class="samp">.info</span> extension is replaced with -<span class="samp">.html</span>) or <code>--output</code> (the argument is used literally). +<code>@setfilename</code> (with any ‘<samp><span class="samp">.info</span></samp>’ extension is replaced with +‘<samp><span class="samp">.html</span></samp>’) or <code>--output</code> (the argument is used literally). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-CSS"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a>, +<a name="HTML-CSS"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">22.3 HTML CSS</h3> -<p><a name="index-HTML_002c-and-CSS-1211"></a><a name="index-CSS_002c-and-HTML-output-1212"></a><a name="index-Cascading-Style-Sheets_002c-and-HTML-output-1213"></a> +<p><a name="index-HTML_002c-and-CSS-1362"></a><a name="index-CSS_002c-and-HTML-output-1363"></a><a name="index-Cascading-Style-Sheets_002c-and-HTML-output-1364"></a> Cascading Style Sheets (CSS for short) is an Internet standard for influencing the display of HTML documents: see <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/</a>. - <p>By default, <span class="command">makeinfo</span> includes a few simple CSS commands to + <p>By default, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> includes a few simple CSS commands to better implement the appearance of some of the environments. Here are two of them, as an example: @@ -14914,81 +15898,89 @@ reference above. In brief, however, this specification tells the web browser to use a `smaller' font size for <code>@smalldisplay</code> text, and to use the `inherited' font (generally a regular roman typeface) for both <code>@smalldisplay</code> and <code>@display</code>. By default, the -HTML <span class="samp"><pre></span> command uses a monospaced font. +HTML ‘<samp><span class="samp"><pre></span></samp>’ command uses a monospaced font. - <p>You can influence the CSS in the HTML output with the -<span class="option">--css-include=</span><var>file</var> option to <span class="command">makeinfo</span>. This -includes the contents <var>file</var> in the HTML output, as you might -expect. However, the details are somewhat tricky, as described in the -following, to provide maximum flexibility. + <p>You can influence the CSS in the HTML output with two +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> options: <samp><span class="option">--css-include=</span><var>file</var></samp> and +<samp><span class="option">--css-ref=</span><var>url</var></samp>. - <p><a name="index-_0040_0040import-specifications_002c-in-CSS-files-1214"></a>The CSS file may begin with so-called <span class="samp">@import</span> directives, + <p>The option <samp><span class="option">--css-ref=</span><var>url</var></samp> adds to each output HTML file +a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><link></span></samp>’ tag referencing a CSS at the given <var>url</var>. This +allows using external style sheets. + + <p>The option <samp><span class="option">--css-include=</span><var>file</var></samp> includes the contents +<var>file</var> in the HTML output, as you might expect. However, the +details are somewhat tricky, as described in the following, to provide +maximum flexibility. + + <p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040import-specifications_002c-in-CSS-files-1365"></a>The CSS file may begin with so-called ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ directives, which link to external CSS specifications for browsers to use when interpreting the document. Again, a full description is beyond our scope here, but we'll describe how they work syntactically, so we can -explain how <span class="command">makeinfo</span> handles them. +explain how <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> handles them. - <p><a name="index-Comments_002c-in-CSS-files-1215"></a>There can be more than one <span class="samp">@import</span>, but they have to come + <p><a name="index-Comments_002c-in-CSS-files-1366"></a>There can be more than one ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’, but they have to come first in the file, with only whitespace and comments interspersed, no -normal definitions. (Technical exception: an <span class="samp">@charset</span> -directive may precede the <span class="samp">@import</span>'s. This does not alter -<span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s behavior, it just copies the <span class="samp">@charset</span> if -present.) Comments in CSS files are delimited by <span class="samp">/* ... */</span>, as -in C. An <span class="samp">@import</span> directive must be in one of these two forms: +normal definitions. (Technical exception: an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@charset</span></samp>’ +directive may precede the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’'s. This does not alter +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s behavior, it just copies the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@charset</span></samp>’ if +present.) Comments in CSS files are delimited by ‘<samp><span class="samp">/* ... */</span></samp>’, as +in C. An ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ directive must be in one of these two forms: <pre class="example"> @import url(http://example.org/foo.css); @import "http://example.net/bar.css"; </pre> - <p>As far as <span class="command">makeinfo</span> is concerned, the crucial characters are -the <span class="samp">@</span> at the beginning and the semicolon terminating the + <p>As far as <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> is concerned, the crucial characters are +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ at the beginning and the semicolon terminating the directive. When reading the CSS file, it simply copies any such -<span class="samp">@</span>-directive into the output, as follows: +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’-directive into the output, as follows: <ul> <li>If <var>file</var> contains only normal CSS declarations, it is -included after <span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s default CSS, thus overriding it. - - <li>If <var>file</var> begins with <span class="samp">@import</span> specifications (see -below), then the <span class="samp">import</span>'s are included first (they have to come -first, according to the standard), and then <span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s -default CSS is included. If you need to override <span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s -defaults from an <span class="samp">@import</span>, you can do so with the <span class="samp">! -important</span> CSS construct, as in: +included after <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s default CSS, thus overriding it. + + <li>If <var>file</var> begins with ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ specifications (see +below), then the ‘<samp><span class="samp">import</span></samp>’'s are included first (they have to come +first, according to the standard), and then <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s +default CSS is included. If you need to override <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s +defaults from an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’, you can do so with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">! +important</span></samp>’ CSS construct, as in: <pre class="example"> pre.smallexample { font-size: inherit ! important } - </pre> - <li>If <var>file</var> contains both <span class="samp">@import</span> and inline CSS -specifications, the <span class="samp">@import</span>'s are included first, then -<span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s defaults, and lastly the inline CSS from +</pre> + <li>If <var>file</var> contains both ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ and inline CSS +specifications, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’'s are included first, then +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s defaults, and lastly the inline CSS from <var>file</var>. - <li>Any @-directive other than <span class="samp">@import</span> and <span class="samp">@charset</span> -is treated as a CSS declaration, meaning <span class="command">makeinfo</span> includes + <li>Any @-directive other than ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@charset</span></samp>’ +is treated as a CSS declaration, meaning <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> includes its default CSS and then the rest of the file. </ul> - <p>If the CSS file is malformed or erroneous, <span class="command">makeinfo</span>'s output -is unspecified. <span class="command">makeinfo</span> does not try to interpret the + <p>If the CSS file is malformed or erroneous, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s output +is unspecified. <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> does not try to interpret the meaning of the CSS file in any way; it just looks for the special -<span class="samp">@</span> and <span class="samp">;</span> characters and blindly copies the text into the +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ characters and blindly copies the text into the output. Comments in the CSS file may or may not be included in the output. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Xref"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>, +<a name="HTML-Xref"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">22.4 HTML Cross-references</h3> -<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1216"></a><a name="index-Cross_002dreferences_002c-in-HTML-output-1217"></a> +<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1367"></a><a name="index-Cross_002dreferences_002c-in-HTML-output-1368"></a> Cross-references between Texinfo manuals in HTML format amount, in the end, to a standard HTML <code><a></code> link, but the details are unfortunately complex. This section describes the algorithm used in detail, so that Texinfo can cooperate with other programs, such as -<span class="command">texi2html</span>, by writing mutually compatible HTML files. +<samp><span class="command">texi2html</span></samp>, by writing mutually compatible HTML files. <p>This algorithm may or may not be used for links <em>within</em> HTML output for a Texinfo file. Since no issues of compatibility arise in @@ -14999,7 +15991,7 @@ monolithic and split forms. A <dfn>monolithic</dfn> (mono) manual is entirely contained in one file, and a <dfn>split</dfn> manual has a file for each node. (See <a href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a>.) - <p><a name="index-Dumas_002c-Patrice-1218"></a>Acknowledgement: this algorithm was primarily devised by Patrice Dumas + <p><a name="index-Dumas_002c-Patrice-1369"></a>Acknowledgement: this algorithm was primarily devised by Patrice Dumas in 2003–04. <ul class="menu"> @@ -15012,14 +16004,15 @@ in 2003–04. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Xref-Link-Basics"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a>, +<a name="HTML-Xref-Link-Basics"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">22.4.1 HTML Cross-reference Link Basics</h4> -<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-link-basics-1219"></a> +<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-link-basics-1370"></a> For our purposes, an HTML link consists of four components: a host name, a directory part, a file part, and a target part. We always assume the <code>http</code> protocol. For example: @@ -15035,48 +16028,54 @@ external data file. <p>We now consider each part in turn. <p>The <var>host</var> is hardwired to be the local host. This could either -be the literal string <span class="samp">localhost</span>, or, according to the rules for -HTML links, the <span class="samp">http://localhost/</span> could be omitted entirely. +be the literal string ‘<samp><span class="samp">localhost</span></samp>’, or, according to the rules for +HTML links, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">http://localhost/</span></samp>’ could be omitted entirely. <p>The <var>dir</var> and <var>file</var> parts are more complicated, and depend on the relative split/mono nature of both the manual being processed and the manual that the cross-reference refers to. The underlying idea is -that there is one directory for Texinfo manuals in HTML, and each -manual is either available as a monolithic file <span class="file">manual.html</span>, or a -split subdirectory <span class="file">manual/*.html</span>. Here are the cases: +that there is one directory for Texinfo manuals in HTML, and a given +<var>manual</var> is either available as a monolithic file +<samp><var>manual</var><span class="file">.html</span></samp>, or a split subdirectory +<samp><var>manual</var><span class="file">/*.html</span></samp>. Here are the cases: <ul> <li>If the present manual is split, and the referent manual is also split, -the directory is <span class="samp">../</span><var>referent/</var> and the file is the +the directory is ‘<samp><span class="samp">../</span><var>referent/</var></samp>’ and the file is the expanded node name (described later). <li>If the present manual is split, and the referent manual is mono, the -directory is <span class="samp">../</span> and the file is <var>referent</var><span class="file">.html</span>. +directory is ‘<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>’ and the file is <samp><var>referent</var><span class="file">.html</span></samp>. <li>If the present manual is mono, and the referent manual is split, the -directory is <var>referent</var><span class="file">/</span> and the file is the expanded node +directory is <samp><var>referent</var><span class="file">/</span></samp> and the file is the expanded node name. <li>If the present manual is mono, and the referent manual is also mono, -the directory is <span class="file">./</span> (or just the empty string), and the file is -<var>referent</var><span class="file">.html</span>. +the directory is <samp><span class="file">./</span></samp> (or just the empty string), and the file is +<samp><var>referent</var><span class="file">.html</span></samp>. </ul> + <p>One exception: the algorithm for node name expansion prefixes the +string ‘<samp><span class="samp">g_t</span></samp>’ when the node name begins with a non-letter. This +kludge (due to XHTML rules) is not necessary for filenames, and is +therefore omitted. + <p>Any directory part in the filename argument of the source cross-reference command is ignored. Thus, <code>@xref{,,,../foo}</code> -and <code>@xref{,,,foo}</code> both use <span class="samp">foo</span> as the manual name. +and <code>@xref{,,,foo}</code> both use ‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ as the manual name. This is because any such attempted hardwiring of the directory is very unlikely to be useful for both Info and HTML output. <p>Finally, the <var>target</var> part is always the expanded node name. <p>Whether the present manual is split or mono is determined by user -option; <span class="command">makeinfo</span> defaults to split, with the -<span class="option">--no-split</span> option overriding this. +option; <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> defaults to split, with the +<samp><span class="option">--no-split</span></samp> option overriding this. <p>Whether the referent manual is split or mono is another bit of the -external information. For now, <span class="command">makeinfo</span> simply assumes the +external information. For now, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> simply assumes the referent manual is the same as the present manual. <p>There can be a mismatch between the format of the referent manual that @@ -15085,21 +16084,23 @@ in. See <a href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">HTML Xref Command Expansion</a>, +<a name="HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">HTML Xref Command Expansion</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Xref-Link-Basics">HTML Xref Link Basics</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">22.4.2 HTML Cross-reference Node Name Expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-node-name-expansion-1220"></a><a name="index-node-name-expansion_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1221"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-node-names-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1222"></a> +<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-node-name-expansion-1371"></a><a name="index-node-name-expansion_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1372"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-node-names-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1373"></a> As mentioned in the previous section, the key part of the HTML cross-reference algorithm is the conversion of node names in the -Texinfo source into strings suitable for HTML identifiers and +Texinfo source into strings suitable for XHTML identifiers and filenames. The restrictions are similar for each: plain ASCII -letters, numbers, and the <span class="samp">-</span> and <span class="samp">_</span> characters are all -that can be used. +letters, numbers, and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ characters are all +that can be used. (Although HTML anchors can contain most characters, +XHTML is more restrictive.) <p>Cross-references in Texinfo can actually refer either to nodes or anchors (see <a href="#anchor">anchor</a>), but anchors are treated identically to nodes @@ -15107,17 +16108,21 @@ in this context, so we'll continue to say “node” names for simplicity. <p>(@-commands and 8-bit characters are not presently handled by -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> for HTML cross-references. See the next section.) +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> for HTML cross-references. See the next section.) <p>A special exception: the Top node (see <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a>) is always -mapped to the file <span class="file">index.html</span>, to match web server software. -However, the HTML <em>target</em> is <span class="samp">Top</span>. Thus (in the split case): +mapped to the file <samp><span class="file">index.html</span></samp>, to match web server software. +However, the HTML <em>target</em> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’. Thus (in the split case): + <pre class="example"> @xref{Top, Introduction,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. - => <a href="emacs/index.html#Top"> + ⇒ <a href="emacs/index.html#Top"> </pre> <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>The standard ASCII letters (a-z and A-z), and numbers (0-9) are not -modified. All other characters are changed as specified below. +<li>The standard ASCII letters (a-z and A-Z) are not modified. All other +characters are changed as specified below. + + <li>The standard ASCII numbers (0-9) are not modified except when a number +is the first character of the node name. In that case, see below. <li>Multiple consecutive space, tab and newline characters are transformed into just one space. (It's not possible to have newlines in node @@ -15127,33 +16132,39 @@ in case.) <li>Leading and trailing spaces are removed. <li>After the above has been applied, each remaining space character is -converted into a <span class="samp">-</span> character. +converted into a ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ character. - <li>Other ASCII 7-bit characters are transformed into <span class="samp">_00</span><var>xx</var>, + <li>Other ASCII 7-bit characters are transformed into ‘<samp><span class="samp">_00</span><var>xx</var></samp>’, where <var>xx</var> is the ASCII character code in (lowercase) hexadecimal. -This includes <span class="samp">_</span>, which is mapped to <span class="samp">_005f</span>. +This includes ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’, which is mapped to ‘<samp><span class="samp">_005f</span></samp>’. + + <li>If the node name does not begin with a letter, the literal string +‘<samp><span class="samp">g_t</span></samp>’ is prefixed to the result. (Due to the rules above, that +string can never occur otherwise; it is an arbitrary choice, standing +for “GNU Texinfo”.) This is necessary because XHTML requires that +identifiers begin with a letter. </ol> <p>For example: <pre class="example"> @node A node --- with _'% - => A-node-_002d_002d_002d-with-_005f_0027_0025 + ⇒ A-node-_002d_002d_002d-with-_005f_0027_0025 </pre> <p>Notice in particular: <ul> -<li><span class="samp">_</span> => <span class="samp">_005f</span> -<li><span class="samp">-</span> => <span class="samp">_002d</span> -<li><span class="samp">A node</span> => <span class="samp">A-node</span> +<li>‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’ ⇒ ‘<samp><span class="samp">_005f</span></samp>’ +<li>‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ ⇒ ‘<samp><span class="samp">_002d</span></samp>’ +<li>‘<samp><span class="samp">A node</span></samp>’ ⇒ ‘<samp><span class="samp">A-node</span></samp>’ </ul> <p>On case-folding computer systems, nodes differing only by case will be mapped to the same file. <p>In particular, as mentioned above, Top always maps to the file -<span class="file">index.html</span>. Thus, on a case-folding system, Top and a node -named `Index' will both be written to <span class="file">index.html</span>. +<samp><span class="file">index.html</span></samp>. Thus, on a case-folding system, Top and a node +named `Index' will both be written to <samp><span class="file">index.html</span></samp>. <p>Fortunately, the targets serve to distinguish these cases, since HTML target names are always case-sensitive, independent of operating @@ -15161,21 +16172,22 @@ system. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a>, +<a name="HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">22.4.3 HTML Cross-reference Command Expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-command-expansion-1223"></a> +<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-command-expansion-1374"></a> In standard Texinfo, node names may not contain @-commands. -<span class="command">makeinfo</span> has an option <span class="option">--commands-in-node-names</span> +<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> has an option <samp><span class="option">--commands-in-node-names</span></samp> which partially supports it (see <a href="#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a>), but it is not robust and not recommended. - <p>Thus, <span class="command">makeinfo</span> also does not fully implement this part of + <p>Thus, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> also does not fully implement this part of the HTML cross-reference algorithm, but it is documented here for the sake of completeness. @@ -15188,7 +16200,7 @@ sake of completeness. the text of the argument is recursively transformed: <pre class="example"> @asis @b @cite @code @command @dfn @dmn @dotless @emph @env @file @indicateurl @kbd @key - @samp @sc @strong @t @var @w + @samp @sc @slanted @strong @t @var @w </pre> <p class="noindent">For <code>@sc</code>, any letters are capitalized. @@ -15198,46 +16210,47 @@ any of these commands have non-empty arguments, as in `(space)' means a space character, `(nothing)' means the empty string, etc. The notation `U+<var>xxxx</var>' means Unicode code point <var>xxxx</var>. There are further transformations of many of these expansions for the -final file or target name, such as space characters to <span class="samp">-</span>, etc., +final file or target name, such as space characters to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, etc., according to the other rules. <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@(newline)</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(space) <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@(space)</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(space) <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@(tab)</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(space) -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@!</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">!</span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@!</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>’ <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@*</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(space) <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@-</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(nothing) -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@.</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">.</span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@.</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@:</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(nothing) -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@?</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">?</span> -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@@</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">@</span> -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@{</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">{</span> -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@}</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">}</span> -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@LaTeX</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">LaTeX</span> -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@TeX</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">TeX</span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@?</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@@</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@{</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’ +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@}</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@LaTeX</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">LaTeX</span></samp>’ +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@TeX</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX</span></samp>’ <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@bullet</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2022 -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@comma</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">,</span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@comma</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">,</span></samp>’ <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@copyright</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00A9 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@dots</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2026 -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@enddots</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">...</span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@enddots</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’ <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@equiv</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2261 -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@error</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">error--></span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@error</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">‘<samp><span class="samp">error--></span></samp>’ +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@euro</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+20AC <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@exclamdown</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00A1 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@expansion</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2192 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@minus</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2212 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@ordf</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00AA <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@ordm</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00BA -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@point</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2217 +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@point</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+2605 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@pounds</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00A3 -<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@print</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span class="samp">-|</span> +<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@print</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+22A3 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@questiondown</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00BF <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@registeredsymbol</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+00AE <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@result</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">U+21D2 <br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="30%"><code>@tie</code> </td><td valign="top" width="50%">(space) <br></td></tr></table> - <p>An <code>@acronym</code> command is replaced by the first argument, -followed by the second argument in parentheses, if present. + <p>An <code>@acronym</code> or <code>@abbr</code> command is replaced by the first +argument, followed by the second argument in parentheses, if present. See <a href="#acronym">acronym</a>. <p>An <code>@email</code> command is replaced by the <var>text</var> argument if @@ -15253,32 +16266,56 @@ See <a href="#verb">verb</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a>, +<a name="HTML-Xref-8-bit-Character-Expansion"></a> +<a name="HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">HTML Xref Command Expansion</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">22.4.4 HTML Cross-reference 8-bit Character Expansion</h4> -<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-8_002dbit-character-expansion-1224"></a><a name="index-8_002dbit-characters_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1225"></a><a name="index-Expansion-of-8_002dbit-characters-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1226"></a> -Characters other than plain 7-bit ASCII are transformed into the -corresponding Unicode code point(s), in Normalization Form C, which +<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-8_002dbit-character-expansion-1375"></a><a name="index-g_t8_002dbit-characters_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1376"></a><a name="index-Expansion-of-8_002dbit-characters-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1377"></a><a name="index-Transliteration-of-8_002dbit-characters-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1378"></a> +Usually, characters other than plain 7-bit ASCII are transformed into +the corresponding Unicode code point(s) in Normalization Form C, which uses precomposed characters where available. (This is the -normalization form recommended by the W3C and other bodies.) +normalization form recommended by the W3C and other bodies.) This +holds when that code point is 0xffff or less, as it almost always is. <p>These will then be further transformed by the rules above into the -string <span class="samp">_</span><var>xxxx</var>, where <var>xxxx</var> is the code point in hex. +string ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span><var>xxxx</var></samp>’, where <var>xxxx</var> is the code point in hex. <p>For example, combining this rule and the previous section: <pre class="example"> @node @b{A} @TeX{} @u{B} @point{}@enddots{} - => A-TeX-B_0306-_2605_002e_002e_002e -</pre> - <p>Notice: 1) <!-- /@w --><code>@enddots</code> expands to three periods which in turn expands -to three <span class="samp">_002e</span>'s; 2) <!-- /@w --><code>@u{B}</code> is a `B' with a breve -accent, which does not exist as a pre-accented Unicode character, -therefore expands to <span class="samp">B_0306</span> (B with combining breve). + ⇒ A-TeX-B_0306-_2605_002e_002e_002e +</pre> + <p>Notice: 1) <code>@enddots</code> expands to three periods which in +turn expands to three ‘<samp><span class="samp">_002e</span></samp>’'s; 2) <code>@u{B}</code> is a `B' +with a breve accent, which does not exist as a pre-accented Unicode +character, therefore expands to ‘<samp><span class="samp">B_0306</span></samp>’ (B with combining +breve). + + <p>When the Unicode code point is above 0xffff, the transformation is +‘<samp><span class="samp">__</span><var>xxxxxx</var></samp>’, that is, two leading underscores followed by +six hex digits. Since Unicode has declared that their highest code +point is 0x10ffff, this is sufficient. (We felt it was better to +define this extra escape than to always use six hex digits, since the +first two would nearly always be zeros.) + + <p>This method works fine if the node name consists mostly of ASCII +characters and contains only few 8-bit ones. If the document is +written in a language whose script is not based on the Latin alphabet +(such as, e.g. Ukrainian), it will create file names consisting +entirely of ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span><var>xxxx</var></samp>’ notations, which is inconvenient. + + <p>To handle such cases, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> offers +<samp><span class="option">--transliterate-file-names</span></samp> command line option. This option +enables <dfn>transliteration</dfn> of node names into ASCII characters for +the purposes of file name creation and referencing. The +transliteration is based on phonetic principle, which makes the +produced file names easily readable. <p>For the definition of Unicode Normalization Form C, see Unicode report UAX#15, <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/</a>. Many related @@ -15286,14 +16323,15 @@ documents and implementations are available elsewhere on the web. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="HTML-Xref-Mismatch"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a>, +<a name="HTML-Xref-Mismatch"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">22.4.5 HTML Cross-reference Mismatch</h4> -<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-mismatch-1227"></a><a name="index-Mismatched-HTML-cross_002dreference-source-and-target-1228"></a> +<p><a name="index-HTML-cross_002dreference-mismatch-1379"></a><a name="index-Mismatched-HTML-cross_002dreference-source-and-target-1380"></a> As mentioned earlier (see <a href="#HTML-Xref-Link-Basics">HTML Xref Link Basics</a>), the generating software has to guess whether a given manual being cross-referenced is available in split or monolithic form—and, inevitably, it might @@ -15302,14 +16340,14 @@ is generated, it is possible to handle at least some mismatches. <p>In the case where we assume the referent is split, but it is actually available in mono, the only recourse would be to generate a -<span class="file">manual/</span> subdirectory full of HTML files which redirect back to -the monolithic <span class="file">manual.html</span>. Since this is essentially the same +<samp><span class="file">manual/</span></samp> subdirectory full of HTML files which redirect back to +the monolithic <samp><span class="file">manual.html</span></samp>. Since this is essentially the same as a split manual in the first place, it's not very appealing. <p>On the other hand, in the case where we assume the referent is mono, but it is actually available in split, it is possible to use JavaScript to redirect from the putatively monolithic -<span class="file">manual.html</span> to the different <span class="file">manual/node.html</span> files. +<samp><span class="file">manual.html</span></samp> to the different <samp><span class="file">manual/node.html</span></samp> files. Here's an example: <pre class="example"> function redirect() { @@ -15323,7 +16361,7 @@ Here's an example: } } </pre> - <p>Then, in the <code><body></code> tag of <span class="file">manual.html</span>: + <p>Then, in the <code><body></code> tag of <samp><span class="file">manual.html</span></samp>: <pre class="example"> <body onLoad="redirect();"> </pre> @@ -15337,18 +16375,19 @@ control which manuals are available from where, and how. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Command-List"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tips">Tips</a>, +<a name="Command-List"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tips">Tips</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix A @-Command List</h2> -<p><a name="index-Alphabetical-_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1229"></a><a name="index-List-of--_0040_0040_002dcommands-1230"></a><a name="index-_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1231"></a><a name="index-Reference-to-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1232"></a> +<p><a name="index-Alphabetical-_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1381"></a><a name="index-List-of--_0040_0040_002dcommands-1382"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1383"></a><a name="index-Reference-to-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1384"></a> Here is an alphabetical list of the @-commands in Texinfo. Square brackets, <tt>[</tt> <!-- /@w --><tt>]</tt>, indicate optional arguments; an ellipsis, -<span class="samp">...</span>, indicates repeated text. +‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’, indicates repeated text. <p>More specifics on the general syntax of different @-commands are given in the section below. @@ -15374,18 +16413,16 @@ character, as in ö and ó. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Insertin <br><dt><code>@,{</code><var>c</var><code>}</code><dd>Generate a cedilla accent under <var>c</var>, as in ç. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. - <br><dt><code>@-</code><dd>Insert a discretionary hyphenation point. See <a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>. + <br><dt><code>@-</code><dd>Insert a discretionary hyphenation point. See <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>. <br><dt><code>@.</code><dd>Produce a period that really does end a sentence (usually after an end-of-sentence capital letter). See <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>. <br><dt><code>@/</code><dd>Produces no output, but allows a line break. See <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>. - <br><dt><code>@:</code><dd>Indicate to TeX that an immediately preceding period, question -mark, exclamation mark, or colon does not end a sentence. Prevent -TeX from inserting extra whitespace as it does at the end of a -sentence. The command has no effect on the Info file output. -See <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>. + <br><dt><code>@:</code><dd>Tell TeX to refrain from inserting extra whitespace after an +immediately preceding period, question mark, exclamation mark, or +colon, as TeX normally would. See <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>. <br><dt><code>@=</code><dd>Generate a macron (bar) accent over the next character, as in o¯. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. @@ -15393,20 +16430,20 @@ See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. <br><dt><code>@?</code><dd>Generate a question mark that really does end a sentence (usually after an end-of-sentence capital letter). See <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>. - <br><dt><code>@@</code><dd>Stands for an at sign, <span class="samp">@</span>. + <br><dt><code>@@</code><dd>Stands for an at sign, ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Inserting @ and {} and ,</a>. - <br><dt><code>@\</code><dd>Stands for a backslash (<span class="samp">\</span>) inside <code>@math</code>. + <br><dt><code>@\</code><dd>Stands for a backslash (‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’) inside <code>@math</code>. See <a href="#math"><code>math</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@^</code><dt><code>@`</code><dd>Generate a circumflex (hat) or grave accent, respectively, over the next character, as in ô and è. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. - <br><dt><code>@{</code><dd>Stands for a left brace, <span class="samp">{</span>. + <br><dt><code>@{</code><dd>Stands for a left brace, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Inserting @ and {} and ,</a>. - <br><dt><code>@}</code><dd>Stands for a right-hand brace, <span class="samp">}</span>.<br> + <br><dt><code>@}</code><dd>Stands for a right-hand brace, ‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’.<br> See <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Inserting @ and {} and ,</a>. <br><dt><code>@~</code><dd>Generate a tilde accent over the next character, as in Ñ. @@ -15415,8 +16452,11 @@ See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. <br><dt><code>@AA{}</code><dt><code>@aa{}</code><dd>Generate the uppercase and lowercase Scandinavian A-ring letters, respectively: Å, å. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. - <br><dt><code>@acronym{</code><var>abbrev</var><code>}</code><dd>Tag <var>abbrev</var> as an acronym, that is, an abbreviation written in all -capital letters, such as `NASA'. See <a href="#acronym"><code>acronym</code></a>. + <br><dt><code>@abbr{</code><var>abbreviation</var><code>}</code><dd>Tag <var>abbreviation</var> as an abbreviation, such as `Comput.'. +See <a href="#abbr"><code>abbr</code></a>. + + <br><dt><code>@acronym{</code><var>acronym</var><code>}</code><dd>Tag <var>acronym</var> as an acronym, such as `NASA'. +See <a href="#acronym"><code>acronym</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@AE{}</code><dt><code>@ae{}</code><dd>Generate the uppercase and lowercase AE ligatures, respectively: Æ, æ. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. @@ -15425,8 +16465,8 @@ capital letters, such as `NASA'. See <a href="#acronym"><code>acronym</code></a <br><dt><code>@afourlatex</code><dt><code>@afourpaper</code><dt><code>@afourwide</code><dd>Change page dimensions for the A4 paper size. See <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>. - <br><dt><code>@alias </code><var>new</var><code>=</code><var>existing</var><dd>Make the command <span class="samp">@</span><var>new</var> an alias for the existing command -<span class="samp">@</span><var>existing</var>. See <a href="#alias">alias</a>. + <br><dt><code>@alias </code><var>new</var><code>=</code><var>existing</var><dd>Make the command ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>new</var></samp>’ an alias for the existing command +‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>existing</var></samp>’. See <a href="#alias">alias</a>. <br><dt><code>@anchor{</code><var>name</var><code>}</code><dd>Define <var>name</var> as the current location for use as a cross-reference target. See <a href="#anchor"><code>@anchor</code></a>. @@ -15448,9 +16488,12 @@ underlined with hyphens. See <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheadi title appears in the table of contents of a printed manual. In Info, the title is underlined with periods. See <a href="#subsubsection">The `subsub' Commands</a>. + <br><dt><code>@arrow{}</code><dd>Produce a normal right arrow glyph: ‘<samp><span class="samp">→</span></samp>’. Used by default +for <code>@click</code>. See <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>. + <br><dt><code>@asis</code><dd>Used following <code>@table</code>, <code>@ftable</code>, and <code>@vtable</code> to print the table's first column without highlighting (“as is”). -See <a href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Making a Two-column Table</a>. +See <a href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a>. <br><dt><code>@author </code><var>author</var><dd>Typeset <var>author</var> flushleft and underline it. See <a href="#title-subtitle-author">The <code>@title</code> and <code>@author</code> Commands</a>. @@ -15490,6 +16533,15 @@ asterisks. See <a href="#chapter"><code>@chapter</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@cite{</code><var>reference</var><code>}</code><dd>Highlight the name of a book or other reference that lacks a companion Info file. See <a href="#cite"><code>@cite</code></a>. + <br><dt><code>@click{}</code><dd>Represent a single “click” in a GUI. Used within +<code>@clicksequence</code>. See <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>. + + <br><dt><code>@clicksequence{</code><var>action</var><code> @click{} </code><var>action</var><code>}</code><dd>Represent a sequence of clicks in a GUI. See <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>. + + <br><dt><code>@clickstyle @</code><var>cmd</var><dd>Execute @<var>cmd</var> for each <code>@click</code>; the default is +<code>@arrow</code>. The usual following empty braces on @<var>cmd</var> are +omitted. See <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>. + <br><dt><code>@clear </code><var>flag</var><dd>Unset <var>flag</var>, preventing the Texinfo formatting commands from formatting text between subsequent pairs of <code>@ifset </code><var>flag</var> and <code>@end ifset</code> commands, and preventing @@ -15503,7 +16555,7 @@ of a program, or a program name. See <a href="#code"><code>@code</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@comma{}</code><dd>Insert a comma `,' character; only needed when a literal comma would be taken as an argument separator. See <a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a>. - <br><dt><code>@command{</code><var>command-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a command name, such as <span class="command">ls</span>. + <br><dt><code>@command{</code><var>command-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a command name, such as <samp><span class="command">ls</span></samp>. See <a href="#command"><code>@command</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@comment </code><var>comment</var><dd>Begin a comment in Texinfo. The rest of the line does not appear in @@ -15535,16 +16587,16 @@ font. See <a href="#New-Indices">Defining New Indices</a>. it in strings that precede and follow the text. See <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a>. <br><dt><code>@defivar </code><var>class</var> <var>instance-variable-name</var><dt><code>@defivarx </code><var>class</var> <var>instance-variable-name</var><dd>This command formats a description for an instance variable in -object-oriented programming. The command is equivalent to <span class="samp">@defcv -{Instance Variable} ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and +object-oriented programming. The command is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@defcv +{Instance Variable} ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@defmac </code><var>macroname</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dt><code>@defmacx </code><var>macroname</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>Format a description for a macro. The command is equivalent to -<span class="samp">@deffn Macro ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@deffn Macro ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@defmethod </code><var>class</var> <var>method-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dt><code>@defmethodx </code><var>class</var> <var>method-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>Format a description for a method in object-oriented programming. The -command is equivalent to <span class="samp">@defop Method ...</span>. Takes as +command is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@defop Method ...</span></samp>’. Takes as arguments the name of the class of the method, the name of the method, and its arguments, if any. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. @@ -15555,16 +16607,16 @@ operation, the name of the class of the operation, the name of the operation, and its arguments, if any. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a>. <br><dt><code>@defopt </code><var>option-name</var><dt><code>@defoptx </code><var>option-name</var><dd>Format a description for a user option. The command is equivalent to -<span class="samp">@defvr {User Option} ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@defvr {User Option} ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@defspec </code><var>special-form-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dt><code>@defspecx </code><var>special-form-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>Format a description for a special form. The command is equivalent to -<span class="samp">@deffn {Special Form} ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, +‘<samp><span class="samp">@deffn {Special Form} ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@deftp </code><var>category</var> <var>name-of-type</var> <var>attributes</var><code>...</code><dt><code>@deftpx </code><var>category</var> <var>name-of-type</var> <var>attributes</var><code>...</code><dd>Format a description for a data type. <code>@deftp</code> takes as arguments -the category, the name of the type (which is a word like <span class="samp">int</span> or -<span class="samp">float</span>), and then the names of attributes of objects of that type. +the category, the name of the type (which is a word like ‘<samp><span class="samp">int</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">float</span></samp>’), and then the names of attributes of objects of that type. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a>. <br><dt><code>@deftypecv </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dt><code>@deftypecvx </code><var>category</var> <var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd>Format a description for a typed class variable in object-oriented programming. @@ -15577,7 +16629,7 @@ entity, and its arguments, if any. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definitio <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@deftypefun </code><var>data-type</var> <var>function-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dt><code>@deftypefunx </code><var>data-type</var> <var>function-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>Format a description for a function in a typed language. -The command is equivalent to <span class="samp">@deftypefn Function ...</span>. +The command is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@deftypefn Function ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@deftypeivar </code><var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>variable-name</var><dt><code>@deftypeivarx </code><var>class</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>variable-name</var><dd>Format a description for a typed instance variable in object-oriented @@ -15590,7 +16642,7 @@ See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a>. <br><dt><code>@deftypevar </code><var>data-type</var> <var>variable-name</var><dt><code>@deftypevarx </code><var>data-type</var> <var>variable-name</var><dd>Format a description for a variable in a typed language. The command is -equivalent to <span class="samp">@deftypevr Variable ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. +equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">@deftypevr Variable ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@deftypevr </code><var>classification</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dt><code>@deftypevrx </code><var>classification</var> <var>data-type</var> <var>name</var><dd>Format a description for something like a variable in a typed language—an entity that records a value. Takes as arguments the @@ -15598,11 +16650,11 @@ classification of entity being described, the type, and the name of the entity. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@defun </code><var>function-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dt><code>@defunx </code><var>function-name</var> <var>arguments</var><code>...</code><dd>Format a description for functions. The command is equivalent to -<span class="samp">@deffn Function ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@deffn Function ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@defvar </code><var>variable-name</var><dt><code>@defvarx </code><var>variable-name</var><dd>Format a description for variables. The command is equivalent to -<span class="samp">@defvr Variable ...</span>. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">@defvr Variable ...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>, and <a href="#deffnx">Def Cmds in Detail</a>. <br><dt><code>@defvr </code><var>category</var> <var>name</var><dt><code>@defvrx </code><var>category</var> <var>name</var><dd>Format a description for any kind of variable. <code>@defvr</code> takes @@ -15644,7 +16696,7 @@ See <a href="#documentencoding"><code>@documentencoding</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@dotaccent{</code><var>c</var><code>}</code><dd>Generate a dot accent over the character <var>c</var>, as in o.. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. - <br><dt><code>@dots{}</code><dd>Insert an ellipsis: <span class="samp">...</span>. + <br><dt><code>@dots{}</code><dd>Insert an ellipsis: ‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’. See <a href="#dots"><code>@dots</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@email{</code><var>address</var><code>[, </code><var>displayed-text</var><code>]}</code><dd>Indicate an electronic mail address. @@ -15653,12 +16705,12 @@ See <a href="#email"><code>@email</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@emph{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Highlight <var>text</var>; text is displayed in <em>italics</em> in printed output, and surrounded by asterisks in Info. See <a href="#Emphasis">Emphasizing Text</a>. - <br><dt><code>@end </code><var>environment</var><dd>Ends <var>environment</var>, as in <span class="samp">@end example</span>. See <a href="#Formatting-Commands">@-commands</a>. + <br><dt><code>@end </code><var>environment</var><dd>Ends <var>environment</var>, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">@end example</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Formatting-Commands">@-commands</a>. - <br><dt><code>@env{</code><var>environment-variable</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an environment variable name, such as <span class="env">PATH</span>. + <br><dt><code>@env{</code><var>environment-variable</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate an environment variable name, such as <samp><span class="env">PATH</span></samp>. See <a href="#env"><code>@env</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@enddots{}</code><dd>Generate an end-of-sentence of ellipsis, like this <small class="enddots">....</small> + <br><dt><code>@enddots{}</code><dd>Generate an end-of-sentence of ellipsis, like this <small class="enddots">...</small> See <a href="#dots"><code>@dots{}</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@enumerate [</code><var>number-or-letter</var><code>]</code><dd>Begin a numbered list, using <code>@item</code> for each entry. @@ -15666,10 +16718,13 @@ Optionally, start list with <var>number-or-letter</var>. Pair with <code>@end enumerate</code>. See <a href="#enumerate"><code>@enumerate</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@equiv{}</code><dd>Indicate to the reader the exact equivalence of two forms with a -glyph: <span class="samp">==</span>. See <a href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>. +glyph: ‘<samp><span class="samp">==</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>. + + <br><dt><code>@euro{}</code><dd>Generate the Euro currency sign. +See <a href="#euro"><code>@euro{}</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@error{}</code><dd>Indicate to the reader with a glyph that the following text is -an error message: <span class="samp">error--></span>. See <a href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>. +an error message: ‘<samp><span class="samp">error--></span></samp>’. See <a href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>. <br><dt><code>@evenfooting [</code><var>left</var><code>] @| [</code><var>center</var><code>] @| [</code><var>right</var><code>]</code><dt><code>@evenheading [</code><var>left</var><code>] @| [</code><var>center</var><code>] @| [</code><var>right</var><code>]</code><dd>Specify page footings resp. headings for even-numbered (left-hand) pages. See <a href="#Custom-Headings">How to Make Your Own Headings</a>. @@ -15688,7 +16743,7 @@ Pair with <code>@end example</code>. See <a href="#example"><code>@example</cod <br><dt><code>@exdent </code><var>line-of-text</var><dd>Remove any indentation a line might have. See <a href="#exdent">Undoing the Indentation of a Line</a>. <br><dt><code>@expansion{}</code><dd>Indicate the result of a macro expansion to the reader with a special -glyph: <span class="samp">==></span>. +glyph: ‘<samp><span class="samp">==></span></samp>’. See <a href="#expansion">==> Indicating an Expansion</a>. <br><dt><code>@file{</code><var>filename</var><code>}</code><dd>Highlight the name of a file, buffer, node, or directory. See <a href="#file"><code>@file</code></a>. @@ -15710,8 +16765,8 @@ See <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright"><code>@flushleft</code> and <code>@flu by TeX; Info may format in either `End' node or `Separate' node style. See <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>. - <br><dt><code>@footnotestyle </code><var>style</var><dd>Specify an Info file's footnote style, either <span class="samp">end</span> for the end -node style or <span class="samp">separate</span> for the separate node style. + <br><dt><code>@footnotestyle </code><var>style</var><dd>Specify an Info file's footnote style, either ‘<samp><span class="samp">end</span></samp>’ for the end +node style or ‘<samp><span class="samp">separate</span></samp>’ for the separate node style. See <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>. <br><dt><code>@format</code><dd>Begin a kind of example. Like <code>@display</code>, but do not narrow the @@ -15722,6 +16777,8 @@ Automatically enter each of the items in the first column into the index of functions. Pair with <code>@end ftable</code>. The same as <code>@table</code>, except for indexing. See <a href="#ftable-vtable"><code>@ftable</code> and <code>@vtable</code></a>. + <br><dt><code>@geq{}</code><dd>Generate a greater-than-or-equal sign, `≥'. See <a href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a>. + <br><dt><code>@group</code><dd>Hold text together that must appear on one printed page. Pair with <code>@end group</code>. Not relevant to Info. See <a href="#group"><code>@group</code></a>. @@ -15736,7 +16793,7 @@ page headings for printing. See <a href="#headings-on-off">The <code>@headings< <br><dt><code>@html</code><dd>Enter HTML completely. Pair with <code>@end html</code>. See <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>. - <br><dt><code>@hyphenation{</code><var>hy-phen-a-ted words</var><code>}</code><dd>Explicitly define hyphenation points. See <a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation"><code>@-</code> and <code>@hyphenation</code></a>. + <br><dt><code>@hyphenation{</code><var>hy-phen-a-ted words</var><code>}</code><dd>Explicitly define hyphenation points. See <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation"><code>@-</code> and <code>@hyphenation</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@i{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Print <var>text</var> in <i>italic</i> font. No effect in Info. See <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a>. @@ -15753,7 +16810,7 @@ See <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>. <br><dt><code>@ifnotdocbook</code><dt><code>@ifnothtml</code><dt><code>@ifnotinfo</code><dt><code>@ifnotplaintext</code><dt><code>@ifnottex</code><dt><code>@ifnotxml</code><dd>Begin a stretch of text that will be ignored in one output format but not the others. The text appears in the formats not specified: -<code>@ifnothtml</code> text is omitted from html output, etc. The exception +<code>@ifnothtml</code> text is omitted from HTML output, etc. The exception is <code>@ifnotinfo</code> text, which is omitted from plain text output as well as Info output. Pair with the corresponding <code>@end ifnot</code><var>format</var>. See <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>. @@ -15778,7 +16835,7 @@ ignore</code>. See <a href="#Comments">Comments and Ignored Text</a>. <br><dt><code>@image{</code><var>filename</var><code>, [</code><var>width</var><code>], [</code><var>height</var><code>], [</code><var>alt</var><code>], [</code><var>ext</var><code>]}</code><dd>Include graphics image in external <var>filename</var> scaled to the given <var>width</var> and/or <var>height</var>, using <var>alt</var> text and looking for -<var>filename</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>ext</var> in HTML. See <a href="#Images">Images</a>. +‘<samp><var>filename</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>ext</var></samp>’ in HTML. See <a href="#Images">Images</a>. <br><dt><code>@include </code><var>filename</var><dd>Incorporate the contents of the file <var>filename</var> into the Info file or printed document. See <a href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a>. @@ -15791,7 +16848,7 @@ manual. See <a href="#inforef">Cross references using <code>@inforef</code></a> <br><dt><code>\input </code><var>macro-definitions-file</var><dd>Use the specified macro definitions file. This command is used only in the first line of a Texinfo file to cause TeX to make use of the -<span class="file">texinfo</span> macro definitions file. The backslash in <code>\input</code> +<samp><span class="file">texinfo</span></samp> macro definitions file. The backslash in <code>\input</code> is used instead of an <code>@</code> because TeX does not recognize <code>@</code> until after it has read the definitions file. See <a href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a>. @@ -15825,6 +16882,8 @@ respectively: /L, /l. <br><dt><code>@LaTeX{}</code><dd>Insert the logo LaTeX. See <a href="#tex">TeX and LaTeX</a>. + <br><dt><code>@leq{}</code><dd>Generate a less-than-or-equal sign, `≤'. See <a href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a>. + <br><dt><code>@lisp</code><dd>Begin an example of Lisp code. Indent text, do not fill, and select fixed-width font. Pair with <code>@end lisp</code>. See <a href="#lisp"><code>@lisp</code></a>. @@ -15873,7 +16932,7 @@ pages. See <a href="#Custom-Headings">How to Make Your Own Headings</a>. <br><dt><code>@OE{}</code><dt><code>@oe{}</code><dd>Generate the uppercase and lowercase OE ligatures, respectively: Œ, œ. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. - <br><dt><code>@option{</code><var>option-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a command-line option, such as <span class="option">-l</span> or <span class="option">--help</span>. + <br><dt><code>@option{</code><var>option-name</var><code>}</code><dd>Indicate a command-line option, such as <samp><span class="option">-l</span></samp> or <samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp>. See <a href="#option"><code>@option</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@page</code><dd>Start a new page in a printed manual. No effect in Info. @@ -15888,13 +16947,13 @@ See <a href="#paragraphindent">Paragraph Indenting</a>. <br><dt><code>@pindex </code><var>entry</var><dd>Add <var>entry</var> to the index of programs. See <a href="#Index-Entries">Defining the Entries of an Index</a>. <br><dt><code>@point{}</code><dd>Indicate the position of point in a buffer to the reader with a -glyph: <span class="samp">-!-</span>. See <a href="#Point-Glyph">Indicating Point in a Buffer</a>. +glyph: ‘<samp><span class="samp">-!-</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Point-Glyph">Indicating Point in a Buffer</a>. <br><dt><code>@pounds{}</code><dd>Generate the pounds sterling currency sign. See <a href="#pounds"><code>@pounds{}</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@print{}</code><dd>Indicate printed output to the reader with a glyph: -<span class="samp">-|</span>. See <a href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-|</span></samp>’. See <a href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>. <br><dt><code>@printindex </code><var>index-name</var><dd>Print an alphabetized two-column index in a printed manual or generate an alphabetized menu of index entries for Info. See <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a>. @@ -15929,7 +16988,7 @@ it in the source to some manuals, as it does no harm. <br><dt><code>@registeredsymbol{}</code><dd>Generate the legal symbol ®. See <a href="#registered-symbol"><code>@registeredsymbol{}</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@result{}</code><dd>Indicate the result of an expression to the reader with a special -glyph: <span class="samp">=></span>. See <a href="#result"><code>@result</code></a>. +glyph: ‘<samp><span class="samp">⇒</span></samp>’. See <a href="#result"><code>@result</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@ringaccent{</code><var>c</var><code>}</code><dd>Generate a ring accent over the next character, as in o*. See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. @@ -15938,6 +16997,9 @@ See <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>. characters. Used for single characters, for statements, and often for entire shell commands. See <a href="#samp"><code>@samp</code></a>. + <br><dt><code>@sansserif{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Print <var>text</var> in a <span class="sansserif">sans serif</span> font if possible. No +effect in Info. See <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a>. + <br><dt><code>@sc{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Set <var>text</var> in a printed output in <span class="sc">the small caps font</span> and set text in the Info file in uppercase letters. See <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>. @@ -15955,19 +17017,19 @@ See <a href="#set-clear-value"><code>@set</code> <code>@clear</code> <code>@valu <br><dt><code>@setchapternewpage </code><var>on-off-odd</var><dd>Specify whether chapters start on new pages, and if so, whether on odd-numbered (right-hand) new pages. See <a href="#setchapternewpage"><code>@setchapternewpage</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@setcontentsaftertitlepage</code><dd>Put the table of contents after the <span class="samp">@end titlepage</span> even if the + <br><dt><code>@setcontentsaftertitlepage</code><dd>Put the table of contents after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@end titlepage</span></samp>’ even if the <code>@contents</code> command is not there. See <a href="#Contents">Contents</a>. <br><dt><code>@setfilename </code><var>info-file-name</var><dd>Provide a name to be used by the Info file. This command is essential for TeX formatting as well, even though it produces no output. See <a href="#setfilename"><code>@setfilename</code></a>. - <br><dt><code>@setshortcontentsaftertitlepage</code><dd>Place the short table of contents after the <span class="samp">@end titlepage</span> + <br><dt><code>@setshortcontentsaftertitlepage</code><dd>Place the short table of contents after the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@end titlepage</span></samp>’ command even if the <code>@shortcontents</code> command is not there. See <a href="#Contents">Contents</a>. <br><dt><code>@settitle </code><var>title</var><dd>Provide a title for page headers in a printed manual, and the default -document description for HTML <span class="samp"><head></span>. +document description for HTML ‘<samp><span class="samp"><head></span></samp>’. See <a href="#settitle"><code>@settitle</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@shortcaption</code><dd>Define the short caption for a <code>@float</code>. See <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a>. @@ -15978,6 +17040,9 @@ menus rather than tables of contents. A synonym for <br><dt><code>@shorttitlepage </code><var>title</var><dd>Generate a minimal title page. See <a href="#titlepage"><code>@titlepage</code></a>. + <br><dt><code>@slanted{</code><var>text</var><code>}</code><dd>Print <var>text</var> in a <i>slanted</i> font if possible. No effect +in Info. See <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a>. + <br><dt><code>@smallbook</code><dd>Cause TeX to produce a printed manual in a 7 by 9.25 inch format rather than the regular 8.5 by 11 inch format. See <a href="#smallbook">Printing Small Books</a>. Also, see <a href="#small">small</a>. @@ -16054,8 +17119,9 @@ and <a href="#itemx"><code>@itemx</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@tex</code><dd>Enter TeX completely. Pair with <code>@end tex</code>. See <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>. - <br><dt><code>@thischapter</code><dt><code>@thischaptername</code><dt><code>@thisfile</code><dt><code>@thispage</code><dt><code>@thistitle</code><dd>Only allowed in a heading or footing. Stands for the number and name of -the current chapter (in the format `Chapter 1: Title'), the chapter name + <br><dt><code>@thischapter</code><dt><code>@thischaptername</code><dt><code>@thischapternum</code><dt><code>@thisfile</code><dt><code>@thispage</code><dt><code>@thistitle</code><dd>Only allowed in a heading or footing. Stands for, respectively, the +number and name of the current chapter (in the format `Chapter 1: +Title'), the current chapter name only, the current chapter number only, the filename, the current page number, and the title of the document, respectively. See <a href="#Custom-Headings">How to Make Your Own Headings</a>. @@ -16142,8 +17208,8 @@ See <a href="#verbatiminclude"><code>verbatiminclude</code></a>. <br><dt><code>@vskip </code><var>amount</var><dd>In a printed manual, insert whitespace so as to push text on the remainder of the page towards the bottom of the page. Used in -formatting the copyright page with the argument <span class="samp">0pt plus -1filll</span>. (Note spelling of <span class="samp">filll</span>.) <code>@vskip</code> may be used +formatting the copyright page with the argument ‘<samp><span class="samp">0pt plus +1filll</span></samp>’. (Note spelling of ‘<samp><span class="samp">filll</span></samp>’.) <code>@vskip</code> may be used only in contexts ignored for Info. See <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a>. <br><dt><code>@vtable </code><var>formatting-command</var><dd>Begin a two-column table, using <code>@item</code> for each entry. @@ -16163,38 +17229,37 @@ mandatory. See <a href="#xref"><code>@xref</code></a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Command-Syntax"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command-List">Command List</a> -<br> +<a name="Command-Syntax"></a> +Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command-List">Command List</a> + </div> <h3 class="section">A.1 @-Command Syntax</h3> -<p><a name="index-_0040_0040_002dcommand-syntax-1233"></a><a name="index-Syntax_002c-of-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1234"></a><a name="index-Command-syntax-1235"></a> -The character <span class="samp">@</span> is used to start special Texinfo commands. -(It has the same meaning that <span class="samp">\</span> has in plain TeX.) Texinfo +<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommand-syntax-1385"></a><a name="index-Syntax_002c-of-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1386"></a><a name="index-Command-syntax-1387"></a> +The character ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is used to start special Texinfo commands. +(It has the same meaning that ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ has in plain TeX.) Texinfo has four types of @-command: <dl> -<dt>1. Non-alphabetic commands.<dd>These commands consist of an @ followed by a punctuation mark or other -character that is not part of the alphabet. Non-alphabetic commands are -almost always part of the text within a paragraph, and never take any -argument. The two characters (@ and the other one) are complete in -themselves; none is followed by braces. The non-alphabetic commands -are: <code>@.</code>, <code>@:</code>, <code>@*</code>, <code>@</code><kbd>SPACE</kbd>, -<code>@</code><kbd>TAB</kbd>, <code>@</code><kbd>NL</kbd>, <code>@@</code>, <code>@{</code>, and -<code>@}</code>. +<dt>1. Non-alphabetic commands.<dd>These commands consist of an @ followed by a punctuation mark or +other character that is not part of the alphabet. Non-alphabetic +commands are almost always part of the text within a paragraph. The +non-alphabetic commands include <code>@@</code>, <code>@{</code>, <code>@}</code>, +<code>@.</code>, <code>@</code><kbd>SPACE</kbd>, most of the accent commands, and +many more. <br><dt>2. Alphabetic commands that do not require arguments.<dd>These commands start with @ followed by a word followed by left- and right-hand braces. These commands insert special symbols in the document; they do not require arguments. For example, -<code>@dots{}</code> => <span class="samp">...</span>, <code>@equiv{}</code> -=> <span class="samp">==</span>, <code>@TeX{}</code> => `TeX', -and <code>@bullet{}</code> => <span class="samp">•</span>. +<code>@dots{}</code> ⇒ ‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’, <code>@equiv{}</code> +⇒ ‘<samp><span class="samp">==</span></samp>’, <code>@TeX{}</code> ⇒ `TeX', +and <code>@bullet{}</code> ⇒ ‘<samp><span class="samp">•</span></samp>’. <br><dt>3. Alphabetic commands that require arguments within braces.<dd>These commands start with @ followed by a letter or a word, followed by an argument within braces. For example, the command <code>@dfn</code> indicates -the introductory or defining use of a term; it is used as follows: <span class="samp">In -Texinfo, @@-commands are @dfn{mark-up} commands.</span> +the introductory or defining use of a term; it is used as follows: ‘<samp><span class="samp">In +Texinfo, @@-commands are @dfn{mark-up} commands.</span></samp>’ <br><dt>4. Alphabetic commands that occupy an entire line.<dd>These commands occupy an entire line. The line starts with @, followed by the name of the command (a word); for example, <code>@center</code> @@ -16203,7 +17268,7 @@ the end of the line. If there is an argument, it is separated from the command name by a space. Braces are not used. </dl> - <p><a name="index-Braces-and-argument-syntax-1236"></a>Thus, the alphabetic commands fall into classes that have + <p><a name="index-Braces-and-argument-syntax-1388"></a>Thus, the alphabetic commands fall into classes that have different argument syntaxes. You cannot tell to which class a command belongs by the appearance of its name, but you can tell by the command's meaning: if the command stands for a glyph, it is in @@ -16226,17 +17291,18 @@ paragraphs automatically. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Tips"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a>, +<a name="Tips"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command-List">Command List</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix B Tips and Hints</h2> <p>Here are some tips for writing Texinfo documentation: - <p><a name="index-Tips-1237"></a><a name="index-Usage-tips-1238"></a><a name="index-Hints-1239"></a> + <p><a name="index-Tips-1389"></a><a name="index-Usage-tips-1390"></a><a name="index-Hints-1391"></a> <ul> <li>Write in the present tense, not in the past or the future. @@ -16297,9 +17363,9 @@ entry for “Leaping”: @cindex Fox, jumps over dog @cindex Quick fox jumps over dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. - </pre> +</pre> <p class="noindent">(Note that the example shows entries for the same concept that are -written in different ways—<span class="samp">Lazy dog</span>, and <span class="samp">Dog, lazy</span>—so +written in different ways—‘<samp><span class="samp">Lazy dog</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">Dog, lazy</span></samp>’—so readers can look up the concept in different ways.) </ul> @@ -16329,7 +17395,7 @@ paragraph together. @end table @noindent On the other hand, ... - </pre> +</pre> <p>Insert blank lines before and after <code>@itemize</code> <small class="dots">...</small> <code>@end itemize</code> and <code>@enumerate</code> <small class="dots">...</small> <code>@end enumerate</code> in the same way. @@ -16379,13 +17445,13 @@ commands. <h5 class="subsubheading">Capitalization</h5> <ul> -<li>Capitalize “Texinfo”; it is a name. Do not write the <span class="samp">x</span> or -<span class="samp">i</span> in upper case. +<li>Capitalize “Texinfo”; it is a name. Do not write the ‘<samp><span class="samp">x</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’ in upper case. <li>Capitalize “Info”; it is a name. <li>Write TeX using the <code>@TeX{}</code> command. Note the uppercase -<span class="samp">T</span> and <span class="samp">X</span>. This command causes the formatters to +‘<samp><span class="samp">T</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">X</span></samp>’. This command causes the formatters to typeset the name according to the wishes of Donald Knuth, who wrote TeX. </ul> @@ -16414,21 +17480,21 @@ version-controlled file corresponding to the current buffer. <p class="noindent">In this case, the text should be formatted with <code>@table</code>, <code>@item</code>, and <code>@itemx</code>, to create a table. -<h5 class="subsubheading">@code, @samp, @var, and <span class="samp">---</span></h5> +<h5 class="subsubheading">@code, @samp, @var, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">---</span></samp>’</h5> <ul> <li>Use <code>@code</code> around Lisp symbols, including command names. For example, <pre class="example"> The main function is @code{vc-next-action}, ... - </pre> - <li>Avoid putting letters such as <span class="samp">s</span> immediately after an -<span class="samp">@code</span>. Such letters look bad. +</pre> + <li>Avoid putting letters such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>’ immediately after an +‘<samp><span class="samp">@code</span></samp>’. Such letters look bad. <li>Use <code>@var</code> around meta-variables. Do not write angle brackets around them. - <li>Use three hyphens in a row, <span class="samp">---</span>, to indicate a long dash. TeX + <li>Use three hyphens in a row, ‘<samp><span class="samp">---</span></samp>’, to indicate a long dash. TeX typesets these as a long dash and the Info formatters reduce three hyphens to two. </ul> @@ -16444,10 +17510,10 @@ whole passage. <p>For example, you should write the following sentence with the period outside the end quotation marks: -<pre class="example"> Evidently, <span class="samp">au</span> is an abbreviation for ``author''. +<pre class="example"> Evidently, ‘<samp><span class="samp">au</span></samp>’ is an abbreviation for ``author''. </pre> - <p class="noindent">since <span class="samp">au</span> does <em>not</em> serve as an abbreviation for -<span class="samp">author.</span> (with a period following the word). + <p class="noindent">since ‘<samp><span class="samp">au</span></samp>’ does <em>not</em> serve as an abbreviation for +‘<samp><span class="samp">author.</span></samp>’ (with a period following the word). <h5 class="subsubheading">Introducing New Terms</h5> @@ -16548,7 +17614,7 @@ everyone's changes so they do not step on each other. <h5 class="subsubheading">And Finally <small class="dots">...</small></h5> <ul> -<li>Pronounce TeX as if the <span class="samp">X</span> were a Greek `chi', as the last +<li>Pronounce TeX as if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">X</span></samp>’ were a Greek `chi', as the last sound in the name `Bach'. But pronounce Texinfo as in `speck': “teckinfo”. @@ -16560,15 +17626,16 @@ sound in the name `Bach'. But pronounce Texinfo as in `speck': <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Sample-Texinfo-Files"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a>, +<a name="Sample-Texinfo-Files"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tips">Tips</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix C Sample Texinfo Files</h2> -<p><a name="index-Sample-Texinfo-files-1240"></a> +<p><a name="index-Sample-Texinfo-files-1392"></a> The first example is from the first chapter (see <a href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>), given here in its entirety, without commentary. The second includes the full texts to be used in GNU manuals. @@ -16582,18 +17649,19 @@ includes the full texts to be used in GNU manuals. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Short-Sample-Texinfo-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>, +<a name="Short-Sample-Texinfo-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">C.1 Short Sample</h3> -<p><a name="index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-no-comments-1241"></a> +<p><a name="index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-no-comments-1393"></a> Here is a complete, short sample Texinfo file, without any commentary. You can see this file, with comments, in the first chapter. See <a href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>. - <p>In a nutshell: The <span class="command">makeinfo</span> program transforms a Texinfo + <p>In a nutshell: The <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> program transforms a Texinfo source file such as this into an Info file or HTML; and TeX typesets it for a printed manual. @@ -16609,7 +17677,7 @@ it for a printed manual. @copying This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file. - Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright © 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end copying @titlepage @@ -16664,15 +17732,16 @@ it for a printed manual. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="GNU-Sample-Texts"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a>, +<a name="GNU-Sample-Texts"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Short-Sample-Texinfo-File">Short Sample Texinfo File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">C.2 GNU Sample Texts</h3> -<p><a name="index-GNU-sample-texts-1242"></a><a name="index-Sample-texts_002c-GNU-1243"></a><a name="index-Full-texts_002c-GNU-1244"></a> +<p><a name="index-GNU-sample-texts-1394"></a><a name="index-Sample-texts_002c-GNU-1395"></a><a name="index-Full-texts_002c-GNU-1396"></a> Following is a sample Texinfo document with the full texts that should be used in GNU manuals. @@ -16690,22 +17759,23 @@ example. <p>Here are some notes on the example: <ul> -<li><a name="index-_0024Id-1245"></a><a name="index-CVS-_0024Id-1246"></a><a name="index-RCS-_0024Id-1247"></a><a name="index-Documentation-identification-1248"></a><a name="index-Identification-of-documentation-1249"></a>The <span class="samp">$Id:</span> comment is for the CVS (see <a href="cvs.html#Top">Overview (Concurrent Versions System)</a>) or RCS (see rcsintro(1)) version control -systems, which expand it into a string such as: - <pre class="example"> $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.52 2004/04/09 21:30:07 karl Exp $ - </pre> +<li><a name="index-g_t_0024Id-1397"></a><a name="index-CVS-_0024Id-1398"></a><a name="index-RCS-_0024Id-1399"></a><a name="index-Documentation-identification-1400"></a><a name="index-Identification-of-documentation-1401"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">$Id:</span></samp>’ comment is for the CVS (see <a href="cvs.html#Top">Overview</a>) or RCS +(<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/rcs">http://www.gnu.org/software/rcs</a>) version control systems, which +expand it into a string such as: + <pre class="example"> $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.220 2008/04/09 17:07:31 karl Exp $ +</pre> <p>(This is useful in all sources that use version control, not just manuals.) -You may wish to include the <span class="samp">$Id:</span> comment in the <code>@copying</code> +You may wish to include the ‘<samp><span class="samp">$Id:</span></samp>’ comment in the <code>@copying</code> text, if you want a completely unambiguous reference to the documentation version. <p>If you want to literally write <tt>$<!-- /@w -->Id$</tt>, use <code>@w</code>: <code>@w{$}Id$</code>. - <li><a name="index-automake_0040r_007b_002c-and-version-info_007d-1250"></a><a name="index-UPDATED-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1251"></a><a name="index-VERSION-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1252"></a><a name="index-time_002dstamp_002eel-1253"></a>The <span class="file">version.texi</span> in the <code>@include</code> command is maintained -automatically by Automake (see <a href="automake.html#Top">Introduction (GNU Automake)</a>). It sets the <span class="samp">VERSION</span> and <span class="samp">UPDATED</span> values used + <li><a name="index-automake_0040r_007b_002c-and-version-info_007d-1402"></a><a name="index-UPDATED-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1403"></a><a name="index-VERSION-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1404"></a><a name="index-time_002dstamp_002eel-1405"></a>The <samp><span class="file">version.texi</span></samp> in the <code>@include</code> command is maintained +automatically by Automake (see <a href="automake.html#Top">Introduction</a>). It sets the ‘<samp><span class="samp">VERSION</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">UPDATED</span></samp>’ values used elsewhere. If your distribution doesn't use Automake, but you do use -Emacs, you may find the time-stamp.el package helpful (see <a href="emacs.html#Time-Stamps">Time Stamps (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>). +Emacs, you may find the time-stamp.el package helpful (see <a href="emacs.html#Time-Stamps">Time Stamps</a>). <li>The <code>@syncodeindex</code> command reflects the recommendation to use only one index where possible, to make it easier for readers to look up @@ -16716,20 +17786,26 @@ See <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a>, which includes category names. <li>The `Invoking' node is a GNU standard to help users find the basic -information about command-line usage of a given program. See <a href="standards.html#Manual-Structure-Details">Manual Structure Details (GNU Coding Standards)</a>. +information about command-line usage of a given program. See <a href="standards.html#Manual-Structure-Details">Manual Structure Details</a>. - <li><a name="index-GNU-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1254"></a><a name="index-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1255"></a>It is best to include the entire GNU Free Documentation License in a GNU + <li><a name="index-GNU-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1406"></a><a name="index-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1407"></a>It is best to include the entire GNU Free Documentation License in a GNU manual, unless the manual is only a few pages long. Of course this sample is even shorter than that, but it includes the FDL anyway in -order to show one conventional way to do so. The <span class="file">fdl.texi</span> file +order to show one conventional way to do so. The <samp><span class="file">fdl.texi</span></samp> file is available on the GNU machines and in the Texinfo and other GNU source distributions. <p>The FDL provides for omitting itself under certain conditions, but in that case the sample texts given here have to be modified. See <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. - <li>If your manual has invariant sections (again, see the license itself for -details), then don't forget to change the text here accordingly. + <li>If the FSF is not the copyright holder, then use the appropriate name. + + <li>If your manual is not published on paper by the FSF, then omit the +last sentence in the Back-Cover Text that talks about copies from GNU +Press. + + <li>If your manual has Invariant Sections (again, see the license itself +for details), then change the text here accordingly. <li>For documents that express your personal views, feelings or experiences, it is more appropriate to use a license permitting only verbatim @@ -16739,9 +17815,8 @@ copying, rather than the FDL. See <a href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim <p>Here is the sample document: -<pre class="verbatim"> -\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -@comment $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.52 2004/04/09 21:30:07 karl Exp $ +<pre class="verbatim">\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- +@comment $Id: texinfo.txi,v 1.220 2008/04/09 17:07:31 karl Exp $ @comment %**start of header @setfilename sample.info @include version.texi @@ -16749,24 +17824,23 @@ copying, rather than the FDL. See <a href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim @syncodeindex pg cp @comment %**end of header @copying -This manual is for GNU Sample -(version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}), +This manual is for GNU Sample (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}), which is an example in the Texinfo documentation. -Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify -this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free -Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to +copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF +supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' @end quotation @end copying @@ -16790,7 +17864,7 @@ Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' @node Top @top GNU Sample -@insertcopying +This manual is for GNU Sample (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}). @end ifnottex @menu @@ -16811,12 +17885,8 @@ invoke, but if there was, you could see its basic usage and command line options here. -@node Copying This Manual -@appendix Copying This Manual - -@menu -* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. -@end menu +@node GNU Free Documentation License +@appendix GNU Free Documentation License @include fdl.texi @@ -16831,15 +17901,16 @@ and command line options here. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Verbatim-Copying-License"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a>, +<a name="Verbatim-Copying-License"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">C.3 Verbatim Copying License</h3> -<p><a name="index-Verbatim-copying-license-1256"></a><a name="index-License-for-verbatim-copying-1257"></a> +<p><a name="index-Verbatim-copying-license-1408"></a><a name="index-License-for-verbatim-copying-1409"></a> For software manuals and other documentation, it is important to use a license permitting free redistribution and updating, so that when a free program is changed, the documentation can be updated as well. @@ -16852,11 +17923,10 @@ permitting only verbatim copying. This is just the license text itself. For a complete sample document, see the previous sections. -<pre class="verbatim"> -@copying +<pre class="verbatim">@copying This document is a sample for allowing verbatim copying only. -Copyright @copyright{} 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies @@ -16868,14 +17938,16 @@ copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="All_002dpermissive-Copying-License"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a>, +<a name="All-permissive-Copying-License"></a> +<a name="All_002dpermissive-Copying-License"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">C.4 All-permissive Copying License</h3> -<p><a name="index-All_002dpermissive-copying-license-1258"></a><a name="index-License-for-all_002dpermissive-copying-1259"></a> +<p><a name="index-All_002dpermissive-copying-license-1410"></a><a name="index-License-for-all_002dpermissive-copying-1411"></a> For software manuals and other documentation, it is important to use a license permitting free redistribution and updating, so that when a free program is changed, the documentation can be updated as well. @@ -16889,7 +17961,7 @@ license. the license text itself. For a complete sample document, see the previous sections. -<pre class="example"> Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +<pre class="example"> Copyright © 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright @@ -16897,15 +17969,16 @@ previous sections. </pre> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Include-Files"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Headings">Headings</a>, +<a name="Include-Files"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Headings">Headings</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix D Include Files</h2> -<p><a name="index-Include-files-1260"></a> +<p><a name="index-Include-files-1412"></a> When TeX or an Info formatting command sees an <code>@include</code> command in a Texinfo file, it processes the contents of the file named by the command and incorporates them into the DVI or Info file being @@ -16928,14 +18001,15 @@ conveniently small parts. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Using-Include-Files"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a>, +<a name="Using-Include-Files"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">D.1 How to Use Include Files</h3> -<p><a name="index-include-1261"></a> +<p><a name="index-include-1413"></a> To include another file within a Texinfo file, write the <code>@include</code> command at the beginning of a line and follow it on the same line by the name of a file to be included. For example: @@ -16952,7 +18026,7 @@ an example. be included as is into the overall or <dfn>outer</dfn> Texinfo file; it should not contain the standard beginning and end parts of a Texinfo file. In particular, you should not start an included file with a -line saying <span class="samp">\input texinfo</span>; if you do, that phrase is inserted +line saying ‘<samp><span class="samp">\input texinfo</span></samp>’; if you do, that phrase is inserted into the output file as is. Likewise, you should not end an included file with an <code>@bye</code> command; nothing after <code>@bye</code> is formatted. @@ -16985,15 +18059,17 @@ Automake (see <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a>, +<a name="texinfo-multiple-files-update"></a> +<a name="texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Using-Include-Files">Using Include Files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">D.2 <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-1262"></a> +<p><a name="index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-1414"></a> GNU Emacs Texinfo mode provides the <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code> command. This command creates or updates `Next', `Previous', and `Up' pointers of included files as well as those in the outer or overall @@ -17055,15 +18131,16 @@ master menu. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Include-Files-Requirements"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a>, +<a name="Include-Files-Requirements"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">D.3 Include Files Requirements</h3> -<p><a name="index-Include-files-requirements-1263"></a><a name="index-Requirements-for-include-files-1264"></a> +<p><a name="index-Include-files-requirements-1415"></a><a name="index-Requirements-for-include-files-1416"></a> If you plan to use the <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code> command, the outer Texinfo file that lists included files within it should contain nothing but the beginning and end parts of a Texinfo file, and @@ -17087,15 +18164,16 @@ them. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Sample-Include-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Include-Files-Evolution">Include Files Evolution</a>, +<a name="Sample-Include-File"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Include-Files-Evolution">Include Files Evolution</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">D.4 Sample File with <code>@include</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Sample-_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-1265"></a><a name="index-Include-file-sample-1266"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-sample-1267"></a> +<p><a name="index-Sample-_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-1417"></a><a name="index-Include-file-sample-1418"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-sample-1419"></a> Here is an example of an outer Texinfo file with <code>@include</code> files within it before running <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code>, which would insert a main or master menu: @@ -17119,14 +18197,14 @@ would insert a main or master menu: @include concept-index.texinfo @bye </pre> - <p>An included file, such as <span class="file">foo.texinfo</span>, might look like this: + <p>An included file, such as <samp><span class="file">foo.texinfo</span></samp>, might look like this: <pre class="example"> @node First @chapter First Chapter Contents of first chapter ... </pre> - <p>The full contents of <span class="file">concept-index.texinfo</span> might be as simple as this: + <p>The full contents of <samp><span class="file">concept-index.texinfo</span></samp> might be as simple as this: <pre class="example"> @node Concept Index @unnumbered Concept Index @@ -17134,15 +18212,16 @@ would insert a main or master menu: @printindex cp </pre> <p>The outer Texinfo source file for <cite>The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference -Manual</cite> is named <span class="file">elisp.texi</span>. This outer file contains a master +Manual</cite> is named <samp><span class="file">elisp.texi</span></samp>. This outer file contains a master menu with 417 entries and a list of 41 <code>@include</code> files. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Include-Files-Evolution"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a>, +<a name="Include-Files-Evolution"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">D.5 Evolution of Include Files</h3> @@ -17183,15 +18262,16 @@ Texinfo files. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Headings"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a>, +<a name="Headings"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix E Page Headings</h2> -<p><a name="index-Headings-1268"></a><a name="index-Footings-1269"></a><a name="index-Page-numbering-1270"></a><a name="index-Page-headings-1271"></a><a name="index-Formatting-headings-and-footings-1272"></a> +<p><a name="index-Headings-1420"></a><a name="index-Footings-1421"></a><a name="index-Page-numbering-1422"></a><a name="index-Page-headings-1423"></a><a name="index-Formatting-headings-and-footings-1424"></a> Most printed manuals contain headings along the top of every page except the title and copyright pages. Some manuals also contain footings. (Headings and footings have no meaning to Info, which is @@ -17206,9 +18286,10 @@ not paginated.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Headings-Introduced"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Heading-Format">Heading Format</a>, +<a name="Headings-Introduced"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Heading-Format">Heading Format</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Headings">Headings</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">E.1 Headings Introduced</h3> @@ -17247,10 +18328,11 @@ right part is set flushright. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Heading-Format"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Heading-Choice">Heading Choice</a>, +<a name="Heading-Format"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Heading-Choice">Heading Choice</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Headings-Introduced">Headings Introduced</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Headings">Headings</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -17310,10 +18392,11 @@ manual. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Heading-Choice"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a>, +<a name="Heading-Choice"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Heading-Format">Heading Format</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Headings">Headings</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -17348,9 +18431,10 @@ the headers format with the <code>@headings double</code> command; see <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Custom-Headings"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Heading-Choice">Heading Choice</a>, +<a name="Custom-Headings"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Heading-Choice">Heading Choice</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Headings">Headings</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> @@ -17385,7 +18469,7 @@ for both even- and odd-numbered pages: @everyheading @thischapter @| @thispage @| @today{} </pre> <p class="noindent">You need to divide the left part from the central part and the central -part from the right part by inserting <span class="samp">@|</span> between parts. +part from the right part by inserting ‘<samp><span class="samp">@|</span></samp>’ between parts. Otherwise, the specification command will not be able to tell where the text for one part ends and the next part begins. @@ -17397,43 +18481,48 @@ whatever. <p>Here are the six heading and footing commands: - <p><a name="index-everyheading-1273"></a><a name="index-everyfooting-1274"></a> <dl> -<dt><code>@everyheading </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@everyfooting </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dd> -The `every' commands specify the format for both even- and odd-numbered +<dt><code>@everyheading </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@everyfooting </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dd><a name="index-everyheading-1425"></a><a name="index-everyfooting-1426"></a>The `every' commands specify the format for both even- and odd-numbered pages. These commands are for documents that are printed on one side of each sheet of paper, or for documents in which you want symmetrical headers or footers. - <p><a name="index-evenheading-1275"></a><a name="index-evenfooting-1276"></a><a name="index-oddheading-1277"></a><a name="index-oddfooting-1278"></a><br><dt><code>@evenheading </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@oddheading </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@evenfooting </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@oddfooting </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dd> -The `even' and `odd' commands specify the format for even-numbered + <br><dt><code>@evenheading </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@oddheading </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@evenfooting </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dt><code>@oddfooting </code><var>left</var><code> @| </code><var>center</var><code> @| </code><var>right</var><dd><a name="index-evenheading-1427"></a><a name="index-evenfooting-1428"></a><a name="index-oddheading-1429"></a><a name="index-oddfooting-1430"></a>The `even' and `odd' commands specify the format for even-numbered pages and odd-numbered pages. These commands are for books and manuals that are printed on both sides of each sheet of paper. </dl> - <p>Use the <span class="samp">@this...</span> series of @-commands to + <p>Use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@this...</span></samp>’ series of @-commands to provide the names of chapters and sections and the page number. You can use the -<span class="samp">@this...</span> commands in the left, center, or right portions +‘<samp><span class="samp">@this...</span></samp>’ commands in the left, center, or right portions of headers and footers, or anywhere else in a Texinfo file so long as they are between <code>@iftex</code> and <code>@end iftex</code> commands. - <p>Here are the <span class="samp">@this...</span> commands: + <p>Here are the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@this...</span></samp>’ commands: - -<a name="index-thispage-1279"></a> -<dl><dt><code>@thispage</code><dd>Expands to the current page number. -<!-- !!! Karl Berry says that `thissection' can fail on page breaks. --> + <dl> +<dt><code>@thispage</code><dd><a name="index-thispage-1431"></a>Expands to the current page number. + + <br><dt><code>@thissectionname</code><dd><a name="index-thissectionname-1432"></a>Expands to the name of the current section. + + <br><dt><code>@thissectionnum</code><dd><a name="index-thissectionnum-1433"></a>Expands to the number of the current section. - <p><a name="index-thischaptername-1280"></a><br><dt><code>@thischaptername</code><dd>Expands to the name of the current chapter. + <br><dt><code>@thissection</code><dd><a name="index-thissection-1434"></a>Expands to the number and name of the current section, in the format +`Section 1: Title'. - <p><a name="index-thischapter-1281"></a><br><dt><code>@thischapter</code><dd>Expands to the number and name of the current + <br><dt><code>@thischaptername</code><dd><a name="index-thischaptername-1435"></a>Expands to the name of the current chapter. + + <br><dt><code>@thischapternum</code><dd><a name="index-thischapternum-1436"></a>Expands to the number of the current chapter, or letter of the current +appendix. + + <br><dt><code>@thischapter</code><dd><a name="index-thischapter-1437"></a>Expands to the number and name of the current chapter, in the format `Chapter 1: Title'. - <p><a name="index-thistitle-1282"></a><br><dt><code>@thistitle</code><dd>Expands to the name of the document, as specified by the + <br><dt><code>@thistitle</code><dd><a name="index-thistitle-1438"></a>Expands to the name of the document, as specified by the <code>@settitle</code> command. - <p><a name="index-thisfile-1283"></a><br><dt><code>@thisfile</code><dd>For <code>@include</code> files only: expands to the name of the current + <br><dt><code>@thisfile</code><dd><a name="index-thisfile-1439"></a>For <code>@include</code> files only: expands to the name of the current <code>@include</code> file. If the current Texinfo source file is not an <code>@include</code> file, this command has no effect. This command does <em>not</em> provide the name of the current Texinfo source file unless @@ -17443,7 +18532,7 @@ information about <code>@include</code> files.) <p class="noindent">You can also use the <code>@today{}</code> command, which expands to the current date, in `1 Jan 1900' format. -<a name="index-today-1284"></a> +<a name="index-today-1440"></a> Other @-commands and text are printed in a header or footer just as if they were in the body of a page. It is useful to incorporate text, particularly when you are writing drafts: @@ -17455,17 +18544,43 @@ particularly when you are writing drafts: <p>Beware of overlong titles: they may overlap another part of the header or footer and blot it out. + <p>If you have very short chapters and/or sections, several of them can +appear on a single page. You can specify which chapters and sections +you want <code>@thischapter</code>, <code>@thissection</code> and other such +macros to refer to on such pages as follows: + + <dl> +<dt><code>@everyheadingmarks </code><var>ref</var><dt><code>@everyfootingmarks </code><var>ref</var><dd><a name="index-everyheadingmarks-1441"></a><a name="index-everyfootingmarks-1442"></a>The <var>ref</var> argument can be either <code>top</code> (the <code>@this...</code> +commands will refer to the chapter/section at the top of a page) or +<code>bottom</code> (the commands will reflect the situation at the bottom +of a page). These ‘<samp><span class="samp">@every...</span></samp>’ commands specify what to do on +both even- and odd-numbered pages. + + <br><dt><code>@evenheadingmarks </code><var>ref</var><dt><code>@oddheadingmarks </code><var>ref</var><dt><code>@evenfootingmarks </code><var>ref</var><dt><code>@oddfootingmarks </code><var>ref</var><dd><a name="index-evenheadingmarks-1443"></a><a name="index-oddheadingmarks-1444"></a><a name="index-evenfootingmarks-1445"></a><a name="index-oddfootingmarks-1446"></a>These ‘<samp><span class="samp">@even...</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@odd...</span></samp>’ commands specify what to do +on only even- or odd-numbered pages, respectively. The <var>ref</var> +argument is the same as with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@every...</span></samp>’ commands. +</dl> + + <p>Write these commands immediately after the <code>@...contents</code> +commands, or after the <code>@end titlepage</code> command if you don't +have a table of contents or if it is printed at the end of your +manual. + + <p>By default the <code>@this...</code> commands reflect the situation at the +bottom of a page both in headings and in footings. + <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Catching-Mistakes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>, +<a name="Catching-Mistakes"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Headings">Headings</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix F Formatting Mistakes</h2> -<p><a name="index-Structure_002c-catching-mistakes-in-1285"></a><a name="index-Nodes_002c-catching-mistakes-1286"></a><a name="index-Catching-mistakes-1287"></a><a name="index-Correcting-mistakes-1288"></a><a name="index-Mistakes_002c-catching-1289"></a><a name="index-Problems_002c-catching-1290"></a><a name="index-Debugging-the-Texinfo-structure-1291"></a> +<p><a name="index-Structure_002c-catching-mistakes-in-1447"></a><a name="index-Nodes_002c-catching-mistakes-1448"></a><a name="index-Catching-mistakes-1449"></a><a name="index-Correcting-mistakes-1450"></a><a name="index-Mistakes_002c-catching-1451"></a><a name="index-Problems_002c-catching-1452"></a><a name="index-Debugging-the-Texinfo-structure-1453"></a> Besides mistakes in the content of your documentation, there are two kinds of mistake you can make with Texinfo: you can make mistakes with @-commands, and you can make mistakes with the structure of the nodes @@ -17493,9 +18608,10 @@ command and you can use the <kbd>M-x Info-validate</kbd> command. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="makeinfo-Preferred"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a>, +<a name="makeinfo-Preferred"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a> -<br> + </div> <h3 class="section">F.1 <code>makeinfo</code> Find Errors</h3> @@ -17516,16 +18632,17 @@ may want to use the tools described in this appendix. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Debugging-with-Info"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a>, +<a name="Debugging-with-Info"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#makeinfo-Preferred">makeinfo Preferred</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">F.2 Catching Errors with Info Formatting</h3> -<p><a name="index-Catching-errors-with-Info-formatting-1292"></a><a name="index-Debugging-with-Info-formatting-1293"></a> +<p><a name="index-Catching-errors-with-Info-formatting-1454"></a><a name="index-Debugging-with-Info-formatting-1455"></a> After you have written part of a Texinfo file, you can use the <code>texinfo-format-region</code> or the <code>makeinfo-region</code> command to see whether the region formats properly. @@ -17538,7 +18655,7 @@ rest of this section presumes that you are using <p>If you have made a mistake with an @-command, <code>texinfo-format-region</code> will stop processing at or after the error and display an error message. To see where in the buffer the -error occurred, switch to the <span class="samp">*Info Region*</span> buffer; the cursor +error occurred, switch to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Info Region*</span></samp>’ buffer; the cursor will be in a position that is after the location of the error. Also, the text will not be formatted after the place where the error occurred (or more precisely, where it was detected). @@ -17570,8 +18687,8 @@ odd error messages. For example, the following cross reference fails to format: <pre class="example"> (@xref{Catching Mistakes, for more info.) </pre> <p class="noindent">In this case, <code>texinfo-format-region</code> detects the missing closing -brace but displays a message that says <span class="samp">Unbalanced parentheses</span> -rather than <span class="samp">Unbalanced braces</span>. This is because the formatting +brace but displays a message that says ‘<samp><span class="samp">Unbalanced parentheses</span></samp>’ +rather than ‘<samp><span class="samp">Unbalanced braces</span></samp>’. This is because the formatting command looks for mismatches between braces as if they were parentheses. @@ -17607,16 +18724,17 @@ from the `Catching Mistakes' node by typing <kbd>l</kbd> <!-- !!! section on using Elisp debugger ignored. --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Debugging-with-TeX"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a>, +<a name="Debugging-with-TeX"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">F.3 Catching Errors with TeX Formatting</h3> -<p><a name="index-Catching-errors-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1294"></a><a name="index-Debugging-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1295"></a> +<p><a name="index-Catching-errors-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1456"></a><a name="index-Debugging-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1457"></a> You can also catch mistakes when you format a file with TeX. <p>Usually, you will want to do this after you have run @@ -17655,9 +18773,9 @@ understandable error message: <pre class="example"> Paragraph ended before @xref was complete. </pre> - <p class="noindent"><span class="samp">@par</span> is an internal TeX command of no relevance to Texinfo. -<span class="samp">l.27</span> means that TeX detected the problem on line 27 of the -Texinfo file. The <span class="samp">?</span> is the prompt TeX uses in this + <p class="noindent">‘<samp><span class="samp">@par</span></samp>’ is an internal TeX command of no relevance to Texinfo. +‘<samp><span class="samp">l.27</span></samp>’ means that TeX detected the problem on line 27 of the +Texinfo file. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ is the prompt TeX uses in this circumstance. <p>Unfortunately, TeX is not always so helpful, and sometimes you must @@ -17668,10 +18786,10 @@ things. <ol type=1 start=1> <li>You can tell TeX to continue running and ignore just this error by -typing <RET> at the <span class="samp">?</span> prompt. +typing <RET> at the ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ prompt. <li>You can tell TeX to continue running and to ignore all errors as best -it can by typing <kbd>r <RET></kbd> at the <span class="samp">?</span> prompt. +it can by typing <kbd>r <RET></kbd> at the ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ prompt. <p>This is often the best thing to do. However, beware: the one error may produce a cascade of additional error messages as its consequences @@ -17680,11 +18798,11 @@ producing such an avalanche of error messages, type <kbd>C-c</kbd> (or <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd>, if you are running a shell inside Emacs). <li>You can tell TeX to stop this run by typing <kbd>x <RET></kbd> -at the <span class="samp">?</span> prompt. +at the ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ prompt. </ol> <p>If you are running TeX inside Emacs, you need to switch to the shell -buffer and line at which TeX offers the <span class="samp">?</span> prompt. +buffer and line at which TeX offers the ‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’ prompt. <p>Sometimes TeX will format a file without producing error messages even though there is a problem. This usually occurs if a command is not ended @@ -17710,7 +18828,7 @@ first. <p>If the Texinfo file lacks header lines, TeX may stop in the beginning of its run and display output that looks like the following. -The <span class="samp">*</span> indicates that TeX is waiting for input. +The ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ indicates that TeX is waiting for input. <pre class="example"> This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2c 7.0) (test.texinfo [1]) @@ -17718,22 +18836,24 @@ The <span class="samp">*</span> indicates that TeX is waiting for input. </pre> <p class="noindent">In this case, simply type <kbd>\end <RET></kbd> after the asterisk. Then write the header lines in the Texinfo file and run the TeX command -again. (Note the use of the backslash, <span class="samp">\</span>. TeX uses <span class="samp">\</span> -instead of <span class="samp">@</span>; and in this circumstance, you are working +again. (Note the use of the backslash, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’. TeX uses ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ +instead of ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’; and in this circumstance, you are working directly with TeX, not with Texinfo.) <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a>, +<a name="Using-texinfo-show-structure"></a> +<a name="Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">F.4 Using <code>texinfo-show-structure</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Showing-the-structure-of-a-file-1296"></a><a name="index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-1297"></a> +<p><a name="index-Showing-the-structure-of-a-file-1458"></a><a name="index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-1459"></a> It is not always easy to keep track of the nodes, chapters, sections, and subsections of a Texinfo file. This is especially true if you are revising or adding to a Texinfo file that someone else has written. @@ -17747,7 +18867,7 @@ the command also shows the <code>@node</code> lines. The <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> command is bound to <kbd>C-c C-s</kbd> in Texinfo mode, by default. - <p>The lines are displayed in a buffer called the <span class="samp">*Occur*</span> buffer, + <p>The lines are displayed in a buffer called the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Occur*</span></samp>’ buffer, indented by hierarchical level. For example, here is a part of what was produced by running <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> on this manual: @@ -17764,25 +18884,25 @@ produced by running <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> on this manual: 4469: @subsection @code{@@node} Line Tips ... </pre> - <p>This says that lines 4337, 4393, and 4417 of <span class="file">texinfo.texi</span> begin + <p>This says that lines 4337, 4393, and 4417 of <samp><span class="file">texinfo.texi</span></samp> begin with the <code>@section</code>, <code>@subheading</code>, and <code>@subsection</code> -commands respectively. If you move your cursor into the <span class="samp">*Occur*</span> +commands respectively. If you move your cursor into the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Occur*</span></samp>’ window, you can position the cursor over one of the lines and use the <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd> command (<code>occur-mode-goto-occurrence</code>), to jump to -the corresponding spot in the Texinfo file. See <a href="emacs.html#Other-Repeating-Search">Using Occur (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, for more +the corresponding spot in the Texinfo file. See <a href="emacs.html#Other-Repeating-Search">Using Occur</a>, for more information about <code>occur-mode-goto-occurrence</code>. - <p>The first line in the <span class="samp">*Occur*</span> window describes the <dfn>regular + <p>The first line in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Occur*</span></samp>’ window describes the <dfn>regular expression</dfn> specified by <var>texinfo-heading-pattern</var>. This regular expression is the pattern that <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> looks for. -See <a href="emacs.html#Regexps">Using Regular Expressions (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, +See <a href="emacs.html#Regexps">Using Regular Expressions</a>, for more information. <p>When you invoke the <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> command, Emacs will display the structure of the whole buffer. If you want to see the structure of just a part of the buffer, of one chapter, for example, use the <kbd>C-x n n</kbd> (<code>narrow-to-region</code>) command to mark the -region. (See <a href="emacs.html#Narrowing">Narrowing (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>.) This is +region. (See <a href="emacs.html#Narrowing">Narrowing</a>.) This is how the example used above was generated. (To see the whole buffer again, use <kbd>C-x n w</kbd> (<code>widen</code>).) @@ -17792,21 +18912,22 @@ typing <kbd>C-u C-c C-s</kbd><!-- /@w -->, it will list lines beginnin for <code>@chapter</code>, <code>@section</code>, and the like. <p>You can remind yourself of the structure of a Texinfo file by looking at -the list in the <span class="samp">*Occur*</span> window; and if you have mis-named a node +the list in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">*Occur*</span></samp>’ window; and if you have mis-named a node or left out a section, you can correct the mistake. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Using-occur"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a>, +<a name="Using-occur"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">F.5 Using <code>occur</code></h3> -<p><a name="index-Occurrences_002c-listing-with-_0040code_007b_0040_0040occur_007d-1298"></a><a name="index-occur-1299"></a> +<p><a name="index-Occurrences_002c-listing-with-_0040code_007b_0040_0040occur_007d-1460"></a><a name="index-occur-1461"></a> Sometimes the <code>texinfo-show-structure</code> command produces too much information. Perhaps you want to remind yourself of the overall structure of a Texinfo file, and are overwhelmed by the detailed list produced by @@ -17816,38 +18937,40 @@ command directly. To do this, type <pre class="example"> <kbd>M-x occur</kbd> </pre> <p class="noindent">and then, when prompted, type a <dfn>regexp</dfn>, a regular expression for -the pattern you want to match. (See <a href="emacs.html#Regexps">Regular Expressions (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>.) The <code>occur</code> command works from +the pattern you want to match. (See <a href="emacs.html#Regexps">Regular Expressions</a>.) The <code>occur</code> command works from the current location of the cursor in the buffer to the end of the buffer. If you want to run <code>occur</code> on the whole buffer, place the cursor at the beginning of the buffer. <p>For example, to see all the lines that contain the word -<span class="samp">@chapter</span> in them, just type <span class="samp">@chapter</span>. This will +‘<samp><span class="samp">@chapter</span></samp>’ in them, just type ‘<samp><span class="samp">@chapter</span></samp>’. This will produce a list of the chapters. It will also list all the sentences -with <span class="samp">@chapter</span> in the middle of the line. +with ‘<samp><span class="samp">@chapter</span></samp>’ in the middle of the line. <p>If you want to see only those lines that start with the word -<span class="samp">@chapter</span>, type <span class="samp">^@chapter</span> when prompted by +‘<samp><span class="samp">@chapter</span></samp>’, type ‘<samp><span class="samp">^@chapter</span></samp>’ when prompted by <code>occur</code>. If you want to see all the lines that end with a word -or phrase, end the last word with a <span class="samp">$</span>; for example, -<span class="samp">catching mistakes$</span>. This can be helpful when you want to see +or phrase, end the last word with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’; for example, +‘<samp><span class="samp">catching mistakes$</span></samp>’. This can be helpful when you want to see all the nodes that are part of the same chapter or section and therefore have the same `Up' pointer. - <p>See <a href="emacs.html#Other-Repeating-Search">Using Occur (The GNU Emacs Manual)</a>, + <p>See <a href="emacs.html#Other-Repeating-Search">Using Occur</a>, for more information. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Running-Info_002dValidate"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a>, +<a name="Running-Info-Validate"></a> +<a name="Running-Info_002dValidate"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h3 class="section">F.6 Finding Badly Referenced Nodes</h3> -<p><a name="index-Info_002dvalidate-1300"></a><a name="index-Nodes_002c-checking-for-badly-referenced-1301"></a><a name="index-Checking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1302"></a><a name="index-Looking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1303"></a><a name="index-Finding-badly-referenced-nodes-1304"></a><a name="index-Badly-referenced-nodes-1305"></a> +<p><a name="index-Info_002dvalidate-1462"></a><a name="index-Nodes_002c-checking-for-badly-referenced-1463"></a><a name="index-Checking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1464"></a><a name="index-Looking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1465"></a><a name="index-Finding-badly-referenced-nodes-1466"></a><a name="index-Badly-referenced-nodes-1467"></a> You can use the <code>Info-validate</code> command to check whether any of the `Next', `Previous', `Up' or other node pointers fail to point to a node. This command checks that every node pointer points to an @@ -17870,14 +18993,16 @@ if you write an Info file from scratch. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Using-Info_002dvalidate"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a>, +<a name="Using-Info-validate"></a> +<a name="Using-Info_002dvalidate"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">F.6.1 Running <code>Info-validate</code></h4> -<p><a name="index-Running-_0040code_007bInfo_002dvalidate_007d-1306"></a><a name="index-Info-validating-a-large-file-1307"></a><a name="index-Validating-a-large-file-1308"></a> +<p><a name="index-Running-_0040code_007bInfo_002dvalidate_007d-1468"></a><a name="index-Info-validating-a-large-file-1469"></a><a name="index-Validating-a-large-file-1470"></a> To use <code>Info-validate</code>, visit the Info file you wish to check and type: @@ -17889,19 +19014,19 @@ type: <p>If your file is valid, you will receive a message that says “File appears valid”. However, if you have a pointer that does not point to a node, -error messages will be displayed in a buffer called <span class="samp">*problems in -info file*</span>. +error messages will be displayed in a buffer called ‘<samp><span class="samp">*problems in +info file*</span></samp>’. <p>For example, <code>Info-validate</code> was run on a test file that contained only the first node of this manual. One of the messages said: <pre class="example"> In node "Overview", invalid Next: Texinfo Mode </pre> - <p class="noindent">This meant that the node called <span class="samp">Overview</span> had a `Next' pointer that + <p class="noindent">This meant that the node called ‘<samp><span class="samp">Overview</span></samp>’ had a `Next' pointer that did not point to anything (which was true in this case, since the test file had only one node in it). - <p>Now suppose we add a node named <span class="samp">Texinfo Mode</span> to our test case + <p>Now suppose we add a node named ‘<samp><span class="samp">Texinfo Mode</span></samp>’ to our test case but we do not specify a `Previous' for this node. Then we will get the following error message: @@ -17922,16 +19047,17 @@ tag table for the unsplit file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Unsplit"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tagifying">Tagifying</a>, +<a name="Unsplit"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tagifying">Tagifying</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h4 class="subsection">F.6.2 Creating an Unsplit File</h4> -<p><a name="index-Creating-an-unsplit-file-1309"></a><a name="index-Unsplit-file-creation-1310"></a> +<p><a name="index-Creating-an-unsplit-file-1471"></a><a name="index-Unsplit-file-creation-1472"></a> You can run <code>Info-validate</code> only on a single Info file that has a tag table. The command will not work on the indirect subfiles that are generated when a master file is split. If you have a large file @@ -17955,13 +19081,14 @@ texinfo-format-buffer</kbd> command: </pre> <p class="noindent">When you do this, Texinfo will not split the file and will not create a tag table for it. -<a name="index-Making-a-tag-table-manually-1311"></a><a name="index-Tag-table_002c-making-manually-1312"></a> +<a name="index-Making-a-tag-table-manually-1473"></a><a name="index-Tag-table_002c-making-manually-1474"></a> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Tagifying"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Splitting">Splitting</a>, +<a name="Tagifying"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Splitting">Splitting</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a> -<br> + </div> <h4 class="subsection">F.6.3 Tagifying a File</h4> @@ -17971,14 +19098,14 @@ it. Visit the Info file you wish to tagify and type: <pre class="example"> M-x Info-tagify </pre> - <p class="noindent">(Note the upper case <span class="samp">I</span> in <code>Info-tagify</code>.) This creates an + <p class="noindent">(Note the upper case ‘<samp><span class="samp">I</span></samp>’ in <code>Info-tagify</code>.) This creates an Info file with a tag table that you can validate. <p>The third step is to validate the Info file: <pre class="example"> M-x Info-validate </pre> - <p class="noindent">(Note the upper case <span class="samp">I</span> in <code>Info-validate</code>.) + <p class="noindent">(Note the upper case ‘<samp><span class="samp">I</span></samp>’ in <code>Info-validate</code>.) In brief, the steps are: <pre class="example"> C-u M-x texinfo-format-buffer @@ -17992,15 +19119,16 @@ table and split the file manually. <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Splitting"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tagifying">Tagifying</a>, +<a name="Splitting"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tagifying">Tagifying</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a> -<br> + </div> <!-- node-name, next, previous, up --> <h4 class="subsection">F.6.4 Splitting a File Manually</h4> -<p><a name="index-Splitting-an-Info-file-manually-1313"></a><a name="index-Info-file_002c-splitting-manually-1314"></a> +<p><a name="index-Splitting-an-Info-file-manually-1475"></a><a name="index-Info-file_002c-splitting-manually-1476"></a> You should split a large file or else let the <code>texinfo-format-buffer</code> or <code>makeinfo-buffer</code> command do it for you automatically. (Generally you will let one of the formatting @@ -18020,19 +19148,19 @@ will do this for a large, unsplit file on which you have run <code>Info-validate</code>.) <!-- Info-split is autoloaded in `loaddefs.el' in Emacs 18.51 --> -<p>Visit the Info file you wish to tagify and split and type the two + <p>Visit the Info file you wish to tagify and split and type the two commands: <pre class="example"> M-x Info-tagify M-x Info-split </pre> - <p class="noindent">(Note that the <span class="samp">I</span> in <span class="samp">Info</span> is upper case.) + <p class="noindent">(Note that the ‘<samp><span class="samp">I</span></samp>’ in ‘<samp><span class="samp">Info</span></samp>’ is upper case.) <p>When you use the <code>Info-split</code> command, the buffer is modified into a (small) Info file which lists the indirect subfiles. This file should be saved in place of the original visited file. The indirect subfiles are written in the same directory the original file is in, with names generated -by appending <span class="samp">-</span> and a number to the original file name. +by appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ and a number to the original file name. <p>The primary file still functions as an Info file, but it contains just the tag table and a directory of subfiles. @@ -18042,30 +19170,22 @@ the tag table and a directory of subfiles. <!-- So ignore the entire appendix. --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Copying-This-Manual"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>, +<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> -</div> - -<h2 class="appendix">Appendix G Copying This Manual</h2> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: License for copying this manual. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> -<p><hr> -<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a> -<br> </div> -<h3 class="appendixsec">G.1 GNU Free Documentation License</h3> +<h2 class="appendix">Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License</h2> -<p><a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1315"></a><div align="center">Version 1.2, November 2002</div> +<!-- The GNU Free Documentation License. --> +<div align="center">Version 1.2, November 2002</div> +<!-- This file is intended to be included within another document, --> +<!-- hence no sectioning command or @node. --> <pre class="display"> Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. @@ -18438,7 +19558,7 @@ number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. </ol> -<h4 class="appendixsubsec">G.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h4> +<h3 class="heading">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3> <p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and @@ -18453,7 +19573,7 @@ license notices just after the title page: Free Documentation License''. </pre> <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, -replace the “with...Texts.” line with this: +replace the “with<small class="dots">...</small>Texts.” line with this: <pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts @@ -18473,1354 +19593,1516 @@ to permit their use in free software. <!-- End: --> <div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Command-and-Variable-Index"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying-This-Manual">Copying This Manual</a>, +<a name="Command-and-Variable-Index"></a> +Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#General-Index">General Index</a>, +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> <h2 class="unnumbered">Command and Variable Index</h2> <p>This is an alphabetical list of all the @-commands, assorted Emacs Lisp functions, and several variables. To make the list easier to use, the -commands are listed without their preceding <span class="samp">@</span>. +commands are listed without their preceding ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’. <ul class="index-fn" compact> -<li><a href="#index-_0021-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-642"><code>! </code><span class="roman">(end of sentence)</span></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0022-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-657"><code>" </code><span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0027-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-659"><code>' </code><span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002a-_0040r_007b_0028force-line-break_0029_007d-780"><code>* </code><span class="roman">(force line break)</span></a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002c-_0040r_007b_0028cedilla-accent_0029_007d-669"><code>, </code><span class="roman">(cedilla accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d-_0040r_007b_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029_007d-786"><code>- </code><span class="roman">(discretionary hyphen)</span></a>: <a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002e--_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-641"><code>. </code><span class="roman">(end of sentence)</span></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002f-_0040r_007b_0028allow-line-break_0029_007d-781"><code>/ </code><span class="roman">(allow line break)</span></a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003ccolon_003e-_0040r_007b_0028suppress-end_002dof_002dsentence-space_0029_007d-638"><code><colon> </code><span class="roman">(suppress end-of-sentence space)</span></a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cnewline_003e-649"><code><newline></code></a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cspace_003e-647"><code><space></code></a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003ctab_003e-648"><code><tab></code></a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003d-_0040r_007b_0028macron-accent_0029_007d-661"><code>= </code><span class="roman">(macron accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003f-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-643"><code>? </code><span class="roman">(end of sentence)</span></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-626"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">(literal @)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-an-Atsign">Inserting an Atsign</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005c-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_005c-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040math_007d_0029_007d-753"><code>\ </code><span class="roman">(literal \ in </span><code>@math</code><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005cemergencystretch-1030"><code>\emergencystretch</code></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005cgdef-_0040r_007bwithin-_0040code_007b_0040_0040tex_007d_007d-897"><code>\gdef </code><span class="roman">within </span><code>@tex</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005cinput-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-startup_0029_007d-76"><code>\input </code><span class="roman">(raw TeX startup)</span></a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005cmag-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-magnification_0029_007d-1061"><code>\mag </code><span class="roman">(raw TeX magnification)</span></a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_005e-_0040r_007b_0028circumflex-accent_0029_007d-663"><code>^ </code><span class="roman">(circumflex accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0060-_0040r_007b_0028grave-accent_0029_007d-665"><code>` </code><span class="roman">(grave accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AA-695"><code>AA</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-aa-693"><code>aa</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-acronym-429"><code>acronym</code></a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AE-699"><code>AE</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ae-697"><code>ae</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afourlatex-1046"><code>afourlatex</code></a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afourpaper-1045"><code>afourpaper</code></a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afourwide-1047"><code>afourwide</code></a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-alias-963"><code>alias</code></a>: <a href="#alias">alias</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-anchor-332"><code>anchor</code></a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-appendix-276"><code>appendix</code></a>: <a href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-appendixsec-281"><code>appendixsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-appendixsection-283"><code>appendixsection</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-appendixsubsec-287"><code>appendixsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-appendixsubsubsec-292"><code>appendixsubsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-apply-871"><code>apply</code></a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-asis-516"><code>asis</code></a>: <a href="#table">table</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-author-204"><code>author</code></a>: <a href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007b_0028bold-font_0029_007d-449"><code>b </code><span class="roman">(bold font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bullet-741"><code>bullet</code></a>: <a href="#bullet">bullet</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bye-269"><code>bye</code></a>: <a href="#File-End">File End</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bye-263"><code>bye</code></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-c-_0040r_007b_0028comment_0029_007d-68"><code>c </code><span class="roman">(comment)</span></a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-caption-548"><code>caption</code></a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cartouche-500"><code>cartouche</code></a>: <a href="#cartouche">cartouche</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-center-200"><code>center</code></a>: <a href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-centerchap-274"><code>centerchap</code></a>: <a href="#chapter">chapter</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-chapheading-278"><code>chapheading</code></a>: <a href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-chapter-273"><code>chapter</code></a>: <a href="#chapter">chapter</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cite-428"><code>cite</code></a>: <a href="#cite">cite</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-code-396"><code>code</code></a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-columnfractions-529"><code>columnfractions</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comma-632"><code>comma</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-command-423"><code>command</code></a>: <a href="#command">command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comment-67"><code>comment</code></a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-contents-218"><code>contents</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copying-180"><code>copying</code></a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copyright-181"><code>copyright</code></a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copyright-744"><code>copyright</code></a>: <a href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cropmarks-1058"><code>cropmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defcodeindex-621"><code>defcodeindex</code></a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defcv-852"><code>defcv</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deffn-837"><code>deffn</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deffnx-834"><code>deffnx</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defindex-620"><code>defindex</code></a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-definfoenclose-966"><code>definfoenclose</code></a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defivar-856"><code>defivar</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defmac-839"><code>defmac</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defmethod-864"><code>defmethod</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defop-861"><code>defop</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defopt-843"><code>defopt</code></a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defspec-840"><code>defspec</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftp-849"><code>deftp</code></a>: <a href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypecv-854"><code>deftypecv</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypefn-845"><code>deftypefn</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypefun-846"><code>deftypefun</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypeivar-858"><code>deftypeivar</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypeop-862"><code>deftypeop</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypevar-848"><code>deftypevar</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-deftypevr-847"><code>deftypevr</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defun-838"><code>defun</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defvar-842"><code>defvar</code></a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-defvr-841"><code>defvr</code></a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dfn-427"><code>dfn</code></a>: <a href="#dfn">dfn</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dircategory-1175"><code>dircategory</code></a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-direntry-1176"><code>direntry</code></a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-display-482"><code>display</code></a>: <a href="#display">display</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dmn-653"><code>dmn</code></a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-docbook-904"><code>docbook</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-documentdescription-238"><code>documentdescription</code></a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-documentencoding-919"><code>documentencoding</code></a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-documentlanguage-912"><code>documentlanguage</code></a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dotaccent-671"><code>dotaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dotless-701"><code>dotless</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dots-737"><code>dots</code></a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-email-438"><code>email</code></a>: <a href="#email">email</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-emph-442"><code>emph</code></a>: <a href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-end-506"><code>end</code></a>: <a href="#Introducing-Lists">Introducing Lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-end-459"><code>end</code></a>: <a href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-end-titlepage-210"><code>end titlepage</code></a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-enddots-738"><code>enddots</code></a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-enumerate-512"><code>enumerate</code></a>: <a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-env-421"><code>env</code></a>: <a href="#env">env</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-equiv-771"><code>equiv</code></a>: <a href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-error-769"><code>error</code></a>: <a href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-evenfooting-1276"><code>evenfooting</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-evenheading-1275"><code>evenheading</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-everyfooting-1274"><code>everyfooting</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-everyheading-1273"><code>everyheading</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-example-466"><code>example</code></a>: <a href="#example">example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-exampleindent-254"><code>exampleindent</code></a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-exclamdown-691"><code>exclamdown</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-exdent-487"><code>exdent</code></a>: <a href="#exdent">exdent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion-765"><code>expansion</code></a>: <a href="#expansion">expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-422"><code>file</code></a>: <a href="#file">file</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filll-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-dimension_007d-209"><code>filll </code><span class="roman">TeX dimension</span></a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-finalout-1035"><code>finalout</code></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-firstparagraphindent-250"><code>firstparagraphindent</code></a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-float-542"><code>float</code></a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-flushleft-488"><code>flushleft</code></a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-flushright-489"><code>flushright</code></a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fn_002dname-822"><code>fn-name</code></a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-foobar-830"><code>foobar</code></a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-footnote-587"><code>footnote</code></a>: <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-footnotestyle-590"><code>footnotestyle</code></a>: <a href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-format-484"><code>format</code></a>: <a href="#format">format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-forward_002dword-817"><code>forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ftable-520"><code>ftable</code></a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-group-811"><code>group</code></a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007b_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029_007d-673"><code>H </code><span class="roman">(Hungarian umlaut accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hbox-1029"><code>hbox</code></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-heading-282"><code>heading</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headings-214"><code>headings</code></a>: <a href="#headings-on-off">headings on off</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headitem-536"><code>headitem</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headword-968"><code>headword</code></a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-html-900"><code>html</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-787"><code>hyphenation</code></a>: <a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007b_0028italic-font_0029_007d-448"><code>i </code><span class="roman">(italic font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifclear-908"><code>ifclear</code></a>: <a href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifdocbook-903"><code>ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifdocbook-877"><code>ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifhtml-899"><code>ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifhtml-878"><code>ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifinfo-876"><code>ifinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifnotdocbook-882"><code>ifnotdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifnothtml-883"><code>ifnothtml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifnotinfo-884"><code>ifnotinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifnotplaintext-885"><code>ifnotplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifnottex-886"><code>ifnottex</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifnotxml-887"><code>ifnotxml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifplaintext-879"><code>ifplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifset-906"><code>ifset</code></a>: <a href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-iftex-880"><code>iftex</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifxml-901"><code>ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ifxml-881"><code>ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ignore-71"><code>ignore</code></a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-image-558"><code>image</code></a>: <a href="#Images">Images</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-include-1261"><code>include</code></a>: <a href="#Using-Include-Files">Using Include Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-indent-499"><code>indent</code></a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-indicateurl-435"><code>indicateurl</code></a>: <a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002dvalidate-1300"><code>Info-validate</code></a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-inforef-382"><code>inforef</code></a>: <a href="#inforef">inforef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-insertcopying-187"><code>insertcopying</code></a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dbackward-836"><code>isearch-backward</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dforward-835"><code>isearch-forward</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-item-534"><code>item</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-item-517"><code>item</code></a>: <a href="#table">table</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-item-510"><code>item</code></a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-itemize-508"><code>itemize</code></a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-itemx-523"><code>itemx</code></a>: <a href="#itemx">itemx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kbd-402"><code>kbd</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kbdinputstyle-406"><code>kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-key-410"><code>key</code></a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-l-705"><code>l</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-L-707"><code>L</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LaTeX-743"><code>LaTeX</code></a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lisp-472"><code>lisp</code></a>: <a href="#lisp">lisp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-listoffloats-552"><code>listoffloats</code></a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lowersections-295"><code>lowersections</code></a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macro-937"><code>macro</code></a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-majorheading-277"><code>majorheading</code></a>: <a href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002dbuffer-1144"><code>makeinfo-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002dkill_002djob-1148"><code>makeinfo-kill-job</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002drecenter_002doutput_002dbuffer-1149"><code>makeinfo-recenter-output-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002dregion-1143"><code>makeinfo-region</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-math-750"><code>math</code></a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-menu-337"><code>menu</code></a>: <a href="#Menus">Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-minus-747"><code>minus</code></a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-multitable-525"><code>multitable</code></a>: <a href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-need-813"><code>need</code></a>: <a href="#need">need</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-next_002derror-1147"><code>next-error</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-node-301"><code>node</code></a>: <a href="#node">node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-noindent-495"><code>noindent</code></a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-novalidate-987"><code>novalidate</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-o-709"><code>o</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-O-711"><code>O</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-occur-1299"><code>occur</code></a>: <a href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-occur_002dmode_002dgoto_002doccurrence-125"><code>occur-mode-goto-occurrence</code></a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-oddfooting-1278"><code>oddfooting</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-oddheading-1277"><code>oddheading</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-oe-713"><code>oe</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-OE-715"><code>OE</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-option-426"><code>option</code></a>: <a href="#option">option</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ordf-720"><code>ordf</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ordm-723"><code>ordm</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page-807"><code>page</code></a>: <a href="#page">page</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_0040r_007b_002c-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040titlepage_007d_007d-195"><code>page</code><span class="roman">, within </span><code>@titlepage</code></a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pagesizes-1048"><code>pagesizes</code></a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-paragraphindent-244"><code>paragraphindent</code></a>: <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-phoo-967"><code>phoo</code></a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-point-773"><code>point</code></a>: <a href="#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pounds-746"><code>pounds</code></a>: <a href="#pounds">pounds</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-print-767"><code>print</code></a>: <a href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printindex-268"><code>printindex</code></a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pxref-378"><code>pxref</code></a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-questiondown-689"><code>questiondown</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-quotation-461"><code>quotation</code></a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007b_0028roman-font_0029_007d-451"><code>r </code><span class="roman">(roman font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-raisesections-294"><code>raisesections</code></a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ref-373"><code>ref</code></a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-registeredsymbol-745"><code>registeredsymbol</code></a>: <a href="#registered-symbol">registered symbol</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-result-762"><code>result</code></a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ringaccent-675"><code>ringaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-rmacro-948"><code>rmacro</code></a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-samp-416"><code>samp</code></a>: <a href="#samp">samp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sc-_0040r_007b_0028small-caps-font_0029_007d-445"><code>sc </code><span class="roman">(small caps font)</span></a>: <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-section-279"><code>section</code></a>: <a href="#section">section</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-setchapternewpage-241"><code>setchapternewpage</code></a>: <a href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-setcontentsaftertitlepage-221"><code>setcontentsaftertitlepage</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-setfilename-167"><code>setfilename</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-setshortcontentsaftertitlepage-222"><code>setshortcontentsaftertitlepage</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-settitle-175"><code>settitle</code></a>: <a href="#settitle">settitle</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shortcaption-549"><code>shortcaption</code></a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shortcontents-220"><code>shortcontents</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shorttitlepage-196"><code>shorttitlepage</code></a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smallbook-1036"><code>smallbook</code></a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smalldisplay-477"><code>smalldisplay</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smalldisplay-483"><code>smalldisplay</code></a>: <a href="#display">display</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smallexample-478"><code>smallexample</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smallformat-485"><code>smallformat</code></a>: <a href="#format">format</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smallformat-479"><code>smallformat</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smalllisp-480"><code>smalllisp</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028line-spacing_0029_007d-802"><code>sp </code><span class="roman">(line spacing)</span></a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028titlepage-line-spacing_0029_007d-201"><code>sp </code><span class="roman">(titlepage line spacing)</span></a>: <a href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ss-725"><code>ss</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-strong-443"><code>strong</code></a>: <a href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-subheading-288"><code>subheading</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-subsection-284"><code>subsection</code></a>: <a href="#subsection">subsection</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-subsubheading-293"><code>subsubheading</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-subsubsection-290"><code>subsubsection</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-subtitle-203"><code>subtitle</code></a>: <a href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-summarycontents-219"><code>summarycontents</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-syncodeindex-610"><code>syncodeindex</code></a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-synindex-616"><code>synindex</code></a>: <a href="#synindex">synindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-t-_0040r_007b_0028typewriter-font_0029_007d-450"><code>t </code><span class="roman">(typewriter font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tab-535"><code>tab</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-table-514"><code>table</code></a>: <a href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex-896"><code>tex</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TeX-742"><code>TeX</code></a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dall_002dmenus_002dupdate-136"><code>texinfo-all-menus-update</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002devery_002dnode_002dupdate-135"><code>texinfo-every-node-update</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-1151"><code>texinfo-format-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-147"><code>texinfo-format-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-1150"><code>texinfo-format-region</code></a>: <a href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-146"><code>texinfo-format-region</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dindent_002dmenu_002ddescription-141"><code>texinfo-indent-menu-description</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040code-101"><code>texinfo-insert-@code</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040dfn-102"><code>texinfo-insert-@dfn</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040end-103"><code>texinfo-insert-@end</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040example-111"><code>texinfo-insert-@example</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040item-104"><code>texinfo-insert-@item</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040kbd-105"><code>texinfo-insert-@kbd</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040node-106"><code>texinfo-insert-@node</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040noindent-107"><code>texinfo-insert-@noindent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040samp-108"><code>texinfo-insert-@samp</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040table-109"><code>texinfo-insert-@table</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040var-110"><code>texinfo-insert-@var</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dbraces-112"><code>texinfo-insert-braces</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dnode_002dlines-139"><code>texinfo-insert-node-lines</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmake_002dmenu-134"><code>texinfo-make-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmaster_002dmenu-132"><code>texinfo-master-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-1262"><code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code></a>: <a href="#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-_0040r_007b_0028in-brief_0029_007d-140"><code>texinfo-multiple-files-update </code><span class="roman">(in brief)</span></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dsequential_002dnode_002dupdate-142"><code>texinfo-sequential-node-update</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-124"><code>texinfo-show-structure</code></a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-1297"><code>texinfo-show-structure</code></a>: <a href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dstart_002dmenu_002ddescription-114"><code>texinfo-start-menu-description</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dtex_002dbuffer-153"><code>texinfo-tex-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dtex_002dprint-155"><code>texinfo-tex-print</code></a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dtex_002dregion-154"><code>texinfo-tex-region</code></a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dupdate_002dnode-133"><code>texinfo-update-node</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-thischapter-1281"><code>thischapter</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-thischaptername-1280"><code>thischaptername</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-thisfile-1283"><code>thisfile</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-thispage-1279"><code>thispage</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-thistitle-1282"><code>thistitle</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tie-_0040r_007b_0028unbreakable-interword-space_0029_007d-798"><code>tie </code><span class="roman">(unbreakable interword space)</span></a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tieaccent-677"><code>tieaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-title-202"><code>title</code></a>: <a href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-titlefont-199"><code>titlefont</code></a>: <a href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-titlepage-194"><code>titlepage</code></a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-today-1284"><code>today</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-top-227"><code>top</code></a>: <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-667"><code>! </code><span class="roman">(end of sentence)</span></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-687"><code>" </code><span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0027-_0040r_007b_0028umlaut-accent_0029_007d-689"><code>' </code><span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002a-_0040r_007b_0028force-line-break_0029_007d-893"><code>* </code><span class="roman">(force line break)</span></a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002c-_0040r_007b_0028cedilla-accent_0029_007d-699"><code>, </code><span class="roman">(cedilla accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007b_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029_007d-899"><code>- </code><span class="roman">(discretionary hyphen)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0028in-image-alt-string_0029-587"><code>- (in image alt string)</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e--_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-666"><code>. </code><span class="roman">(end of sentence)</span></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007b_0028allow-line-break_0029_007d-894"><code>/ </code><span class="roman">(allow line break)</span></a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003ccolon_003e-_0040r_007b_0028suppress-end_002dof_002dsentence-space_0029_007d-663"><code><colon> </code><span class="roman">(suppress end-of-sentence space)</span></a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cnewline_003e-674"><code><newline></code></a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cspace_003e-672"><code><space></code></a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003ctab_003e-673"><code><tab></code></a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d-_0040r_007b_0028macron-accent_0029_007d-691"><code>= </code><span class="roman">(macron accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003f-_0040r_007b_0028end-of-sentence_0029_007d-668"><code>? </code><span class="roman">(end of sentence)</span></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-649"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">(literal ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-an-Atsign">Inserting an Atsign</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_005c-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040math_007d_0029_007d-859"><code>\ </code><span class="roman">(literal \ in </span><code>@math</code><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cemergencystretch-1167"><code>\emergencystretch</code></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cgdef-_0040r_007bwithin-_0040code_007b_0040_0040tex_007d_007d-1017"><code>\gdef </code><span class="roman">within </span><code>@tex</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-startup_0029_007d-73"><code>\input </code><span class="roman">(raw TeX startup)</span></a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-_0040r_007b_0028raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-magnification_0029_007d-1198"><code>\mag </code><span class="roman">(raw TeX magnification)</span></a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005e-_0040r_007b_0028circumflex-accent_0029_007d-693"><code>^ </code><span class="roman">(circumflex accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0060-_0040r_007b_0028grave-accent_0029_007d-695"><code>` </code><span class="roman">(grave accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-AA-725"><code>AA</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-aa-723"><code>aa</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-abbr-432"><code>abbr</code></a>: <a href="#abbr">abbr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-acronym-435"><code>acronym</code></a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-AE-729"><code>AE</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ae-727"><code>ae</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afourlatex-1183"><code>afourlatex</code></a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afourpaper-1182"><code>afourpaper</code></a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afourwide-1184"><code>afourwide</code></a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-alias-1090"><code>alias</code></a>: <a href="#alias">alias</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-allowcodebreaks-903"><code>allowcodebreaks</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-anchor-334"><code>anchor</code></a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-appendix-275"><code>appendix</code></a>: <a href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-appendixsec-280"><code>appendixsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-appendixsection-282"><code>appendixsection</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-appendixsubsec-286"><code>appendixsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-appendixsubsubsec-291"><code>appendixsubsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-apply-991"><code>apply</code></a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-arrow-867"><code>arrow</code></a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-asis-534"><code>asis</code></a>: <a href="#table">table</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-author-201"><code>author</code></a>: <a href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007b_0028bold-font_0029_007d-458"><code>b </code><span class="roman">(bold font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bullet-830"><code>bullet</code></a>: <a href="#bullet">bullet</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bye-268"><code>bye</code></a>: <a href="#File-End">File End</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bye-262"><code>bye</code></a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-c-_0040r_007b_0028comment_0029_007d-65"><code>c </code><span class="roman">(comment)</span></a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-caption-566"><code>caption</code></a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cartouche-518"><code>cartouche</code></a>: <a href="#cartouche">cartouche</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-center-197"><code>center</code></a>: <a href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-centerchap-273"><code>centerchap</code></a>: <a href="#chapter">chapter</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-chapheading-277"><code>chapheading</code></a>: <a href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-chapter-272"><code>chapter</code></a>: <a href="#chapter">chapter</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cite-431"><code>cite</code></a>: <a href="#cite">cite</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-clear-1027"><code>clear</code></a>: <a href="#set-value">set value</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-click-866"><code>click</code></a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-clicksequence-865"><code>clicksequence</code></a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-clickstyle-868"><code>clickstyle</code></a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-code-399"><code>code</code></a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-columnfractions-547"><code>columnfractions</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comma-655"><code>comma</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-command-426"><code>command</code></a>: <a href="#command">command</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comment-64"><code>comment</code></a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-contents-215"><code>contents</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-copying-177"><code>copying</code></a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-copyright-836"><code>copyright</code></a>: <a href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-copyright-178"><code>copyright</code></a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cropmarks-1195"><code>cropmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defcodeindex-644"><code>defcodeindex</code></a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defcv-972"><code>defcv</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deffn-957"><code>deffn</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deffnx-954"><code>deffnx</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defindex-643"><code>defindex</code></a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-definfoenclose-1093"><code>definfoenclose</code></a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defivar-976"><code>defivar</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defmac-959"><code>defmac</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defmethod-983"><code>defmethod</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defop-981"><code>defop</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defopt-963"><code>defopt</code></a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defspec-960"><code>defspec</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftp-969"><code>deftp</code></a>: <a href="#Data-Types">Data Types</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypecv-974"><code>deftypecv</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypefn-965"><code>deftypefn</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypefun-966"><code>deftypefun</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypeivar-978"><code>deftypeivar</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypeop-982"><code>deftypeop</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypevar-968"><code>deftypevar</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-deftypevr-967"><code>deftypevr</code></a>: <a href="#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defun-958"><code>defun</code></a>: <a href="#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defvar-962"><code>defvar</code></a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-defvr-961"><code>defvr</code></a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-detailmenu-333"><code>detailmenu</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-detailmenu-229"><code>detailmenu</code></a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dfn-430"><code>dfn</code></a>: <a href="#dfn">dfn</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dircategory-1317"><code>dircategory</code></a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-direntry-1318"><code>direntry</code></a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-display-500"><code>display</code></a>: <a href="#display">display</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dmn-682"><code>dmn</code></a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-docbook-1024"><code>docbook</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-documentdescription-237"><code>documentdescription</code></a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-documentencoding-1045"><code>documentencoding</code></a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-documentencoding-765"><code>documentencoding</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-documentencoding-686"><code>documentencoding</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-documentlanguage-1034"><code>documentlanguage</code></a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dotaccent-701"><code>dotaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dotless-731"><code>dotless</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dots-826"><code>dots</code></a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-email-442"><code>email</code></a>: <a href="#email">email</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-emph-446"><code>emph</code></a>: <a href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-end-524"><code>end</code></a>: <a href="#Introducing-Lists">Introducing Lists</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-end-475"><code>end</code></a>: <a href="#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-end-titlepage-207"><code>end titlepage</code></a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-enddots-827"><code>enddots</code></a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-enumerate-530"><code>enumerate</code></a>: <a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-env-424"><code>env</code></a>: <a href="#env">env</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-equiv-884"><code>equiv</code></a>: <a href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-error-882"><code>error</code></a>: <a href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-euro-840"><code>euro</code></a>: <a href="#euro">euro</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-evenfooting-1428"><code>evenfooting</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-evenfootingmarks-1445"><code>evenfootingmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-evenheading-1427"><code>evenheading</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-evenheadingmarks-1443"><code>evenheadingmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-everyfooting-1426"><code>everyfooting</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-everyfootingmarks-1442"><code>everyfootingmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-everyheading-1425"><code>everyheading</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-everyheadingmarks-1441"><code>everyheadingmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-example-482"><code>example</code></a>: <a href="#example">example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-exampleindent-253"><code>exampleindent</code></a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-exclamdown-721"><code>exclamdown</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-exdent-505"><code>exdent</code></a>: <a href="#exdent">exdent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion-878"><code>expansion</code></a>: <a href="#expansion">expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-425"><code>file</code></a>: <a href="#file">file</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-filll-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-dimension_007d-206"><code>filll </code><span class="roman">TeX dimension</span></a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-finalout-1172"><code>finalout</code></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-firstparagraphindent-249"><code>firstparagraphindent</code></a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-float-560"><code>float</code></a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-flushleft-506"><code>flushleft</code></a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-flushright-507"><code>flushright</code></a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fn_002dname-942"><code>fn-name</code></a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fonttextsize-452"><code>fonttextsize</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-foobar-950"><code>foobar</code></a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-footnote-610"><code>footnote</code></a>: <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-footnotestyle-613"><code>footnotestyle</code></a>: <a href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-format-502"><code>format</code></a>: <a href="#format">format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-forward_002dword-937"><code>forward-word</code></a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-frenchspacing-675"><code>frenchspacing</code></a>: <a href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ftable-538"><code>ftable</code></a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-geq-854"><code>geq</code></a>: <a href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-group-931"><code>group</code></a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-guillemetleft-809"><code>guillemetleft</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-guillemetright-812"><code>guillemetright</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-guillemotleft-810"><code>guillemotleft</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-guillemotright-813"><code>guillemotright</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-guilsinglleft-815"><code>guilsinglleft</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-guilsinglright-817"><code>guilsinglright</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007b_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029_007d-703"><code>H </code><span class="roman">(Hungarian umlaut accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hbox-1166"><code>hbox</code></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-heading-281"><code>heading</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headings-211"><code>headings</code></a>: <a href="#headings-on-off">headings on off</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headitem-554"><code>headitem</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headword-1095"><code>headword</code></a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-html-1020"><code>html</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-900"><code>hyphenation</code></a>: <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007b_0028italic-font_0029_007d-460"><code>i </code><span class="roman">(italic font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifclear-1030"><code>ifclear</code></a>: <a href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifdocbook-1023"><code>ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifdocbook-997"><code>ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifhtml-1019"><code>ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifhtml-998"><code>ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifinfo-996"><code>ifinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifnotdocbook-1002"><code>ifnotdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifnothtml-1003"><code>ifnothtml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifnotinfo-1004"><code>ifnotinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifnotplaintext-1005"><code>ifnotplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifnottex-1006"><code>ifnottex</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifnotxml-1007"><code>ifnotxml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifplaintext-999"><code>ifplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifset-1028"><code>ifset</code></a>: <a href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-iftex-1000"><code>iftex</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifxml-1021"><code>ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ifxml-1001"><code>ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ignore-68"><code>ignore</code></a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-image-576"><code>image</code></a>: <a href="#Images">Images</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-include-1413"><code>include</code></a>: <a href="#Using-Include-Files">Using Include Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-indent-517"><code>indent</code></a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-indicateurl-439"><code>indicateurl</code></a>: <a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002dvalidate-1462"><code>Info-validate</code></a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-inforef-385"><code>inforef</code></a>: <a href="#inforef">inforef</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-insertcopying-184"><code>insertcopying</code></a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dbackward-956"><code>isearch-backward</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-isearch_002dforward-955"><code>isearch-forward</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-item-552"><code>item</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-item-535"><code>item</code></a>: <a href="#table">table</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-item-528"><code>item</code></a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-itemize-526"><code>itemize</code></a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-itemx-541"><code>itemx</code></a>: <a href="#itemx">itemx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kbd-405"><code>kbd</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kbdinputstyle-409"><code>kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-key-413"><code>key</code></a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-L-737"><code>L</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-l-735"><code>l</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LaTeX-832"><code>LaTeX</code></a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-leq-855"><code>leq</code></a>: <a href="#geq-leq">geq leq</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lisp-490"><code>lisp</code></a>: <a href="#lisp">lisp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-listoffloats-570"><code>listoffloats</code></a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lowersections-294"><code>lowersections</code></a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-macro-1063"><code>macro</code></a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-majorheading-276"><code>majorheading</code></a>: <a href="#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002dbuffer-1286"><code>makeinfo-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002dkill_002djob-1290"><code>makeinfo-kill-job</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002drecenter_002doutput_002dbuffer-1291"><code>makeinfo-recenter-output-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-makeinfo_002dregion-1285"><code>makeinfo-region</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-math-856"><code>math</code></a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-menu-339"><code>menu</code></a>: <a href="#Menus">Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-minus-850"><code>minus</code></a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-multitable-543"><code>multitable</code></a>: <a href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-need-933"><code>need</code></a>: <a href="#need">need</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-next_002derror-1289"><code>next-error</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-node-300"><code>node</code></a>: <a href="#node">node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-noindent-513"><code>noindent</code></a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-novalidate-1114"><code>novalidate</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-O-741"><code>O</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-o-739"><code>o</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-occur-1461"><code>occur</code></a>: <a href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-occur_002dmode_002dgoto_002doccurrence-122"><code>occur-mode-goto-occurrence</code></a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-oddfooting-1430"><code>oddfooting</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-oddfootingmarks-1446"><code>oddfootingmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-oddheading-1429"><code>oddheading</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-oddheadingmarks-1444"><code>oddheadingmarks</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-OE-745"><code>OE</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-oe-743"><code>oe</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-option-429"><code>option</code></a>: <a href="#option">option</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ordf-750"><code>ordf</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ordm-753"><code>ordm</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-page-927"><code>page</code></a>: <a href="#page">page</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-page_0040r_007b_002c-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040titlepage_007d_007d-192"><code>page</code><span class="roman">, within </span><code>@titlepage</code></a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pagesizes-1185"><code>pagesizes</code></a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-paragraphindent-243"><code>paragraphindent</code></a>: <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-phoo-1094"><code>phoo</code></a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-point-886"><code>point</code></a>: <a href="#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pounds-846"><code>pounds</code></a>: <a href="#pounds">pounds</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-print-880"><code>print</code></a>: <a href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-printindex-267"><code>printindex</code></a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pxref-381"><code>pxref</code></a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-questiondown-719"><code>questiondown</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quotation-477"><code>quotation</code></a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quotedblbase-788"><code>quotedblbase</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quotedblleft-778"><code>quotedblleft</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quotedblright-782"><code>quotedblright</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quoteleft-780"><code>quoteleft</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quoteright-784"><code>quoteright</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-quotesinglbase-790"><code>quotesinglbase</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007b_0028roman-font_0029_007d-462"><code>r </code><span class="roman">(roman font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-raisesections-293"><code>raisesections</code></a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ref-376"><code>ref</code></a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-registeredsymbol-838"><code>registeredsymbol</code></a>: <a href="#registered-symbol">registered symbol</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-result-875"><code>result</code></a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ringaccent-705"><code>ringaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-rmacro-1074"><code>rmacro</code></a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-samp-419"><code>samp</code></a>: <a href="#samp">samp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sansserif-_0040r_007b_0028sans-serif-font_0029_007d-465"><code>sansserif </code><span class="roman">(sans serif font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sc-_0040r_007b_0028small-caps-font_0029_007d-449"><code>sc </code><span class="roman">(small caps font)</span></a>: <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-section-278"><code>section</code></a>: <a href="#section">section</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-set-1025"><code>set</code></a>: <a href="#set-value">set value</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-setchapternewpage-240"><code>setchapternewpage</code></a>: <a href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-setcontentsaftertitlepage-218"><code>setcontentsaftertitlepage</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-setfilename-164"><code>setfilename</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-setshortcontentsaftertitlepage-219"><code>setshortcontentsaftertitlepage</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-settitle-172"><code>settitle</code></a>: <a href="#settitle">settitle</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shortcaption-567"><code>shortcaption</code></a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shortcontents-217"><code>shortcontents</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-shorttitlepage-193"><code>shorttitlepage</code></a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-slanted-_0040r_007b_0028slanted-font_0029_007d-467"><code>slanted </code><span class="roman">(slanted font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smallbook-1173"><code>smallbook</code></a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smalldisplay-501"><code>smalldisplay</code></a>: <a href="#display">display</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smalldisplay-495"><code>smalldisplay</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smallexample-496"><code>smallexample</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smallformat-503"><code>smallformat</code></a>: <a href="#format">format</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smallformat-497"><code>smallformat</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-smalllisp-498"><code>smalllisp</code></a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028line-spacing_0029_007d-922"><code>sp </code><span class="roman">(line spacing)</span></a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-sp-_0040r_007b_0028titlepage-line-spacing_0029_007d-198"><code>sp </code><span class="roman">(titlepage line spacing)</span></a>: <a href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ss-755"><code>ss</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-strong-447"><code>strong</code></a>: <a href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-subheading-287"><code>subheading</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-subsection-283"><code>subsection</code></a>: <a href="#subsection">subsection</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-subsubheading-292"><code>subsubheading</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-subsubsection-289"><code>subsubsection</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-subtitle-200"><code>subtitle</code></a>: <a href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-summarycontents-216"><code>summarycontents</code></a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-syncodeindex-633"><code>syncodeindex</code></a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-synindex-639"><code>synindex</code></a>: <a href="#synindex">synindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-t-_0040r_007b_0028typewriter-font_0029_007d-470"><code>t </code><span class="roman">(typewriter font)</span></a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tab-553"><code>tab</code></a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-table-532"><code>table</code></a>: <a href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tex-1016"><code>tex</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TeX-831"><code>TeX</code></a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dall_002dmenus_002dupdate-133"><code>texinfo-all-menus-update</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002devery_002dnode_002dupdate-132"><code>texinfo-every-node-update</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-1293"><code>texinfo-format-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dbuffer-144"><code>texinfo-format-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-1292"><code>texinfo-format-region</code></a>: <a href="#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dformat_002dregion-143"><code>texinfo-format-region</code></a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dindent_002dmenu_002ddescription-138"><code>texinfo-indent-menu-description</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040code-98"><code>texinfo-insert-@code</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040dfn-99"><code>texinfo-insert-@dfn</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040end-100"><code>texinfo-insert-@end</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040example-108"><code>texinfo-insert-@example</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040item-101"><code>texinfo-insert-@item</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040kbd-102"><code>texinfo-insert-@kbd</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040node-103"><code>texinfo-insert-@node</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040noindent-104"><code>texinfo-insert-@noindent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040samp-105"><code>texinfo-insert-@samp</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040table-106"><code>texinfo-insert-@table</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002d_0040_0040var-107"><code>texinfo-insert-@var</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dbraces-109"><code>texinfo-insert-braces</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dinsert_002dnode_002dlines-136"><code>texinfo-insert-node-lines</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmake_002dmenu-131"><code>texinfo-make-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmaster_002dmenu-129"><code>texinfo-master-menu</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-1414"><code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code></a>: <a href="#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate-_0040r_007b_0028in-brief_0029_007d-137"><code>texinfo-multiple-files-update </code><span class="roman">(in brief)</span></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dsequential_002dnode_002dupdate-139"><code>texinfo-sequential-node-update</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-1459"><code>texinfo-show-structure</code></a>: <a href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure-121"><code>texinfo-show-structure</code></a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dstart_002dmenu_002ddescription-111"><code>texinfo-start-menu-description</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dtex_002dbuffer-150"><code>texinfo-tex-buffer</code></a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dtex_002dprint-152"><code>texinfo-tex-print</code></a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dtex_002dregion-151"><code>texinfo-tex-region</code></a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002dupdate_002dnode-130"><code>texinfo-update-node</code></a>: <a href="#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-textdegree-848"><code>textdegree</code></a>: <a href="#textdegree">textdegree</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thischapter-1437"><code>thischapter</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thischaptername-1435"><code>thischaptername</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thischapternum-1436"><code>thischapternum</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thisfile-1439"><code>thisfile</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thispage-1431"><code>thispage</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thissection-1434"><code>thissection</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thissectionname-1432"><code>thissectionname</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thissectionnum-1433"><code>thissectionnum</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-thistitle-1438"><code>thistitle</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tie-_0040r_007b_0028unbreakable-interword-space_0029_007d-918"><code>tie </code><span class="roman">(unbreakable interword space)</span></a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tieaccent-707"><code>tieaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-title-199"><code>title</code></a>: <a href="#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-titlefont-196"><code>titlefont</code></a>: <a href="#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-titlepage-191"><code>titlepage</code></a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-today-1440"><code>today</code></a>: <a href="#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-top-224"><code>top</code></a>: <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a></li> <li><a href="#index-top-_0040r_007b_0028_0040_0040_002dcommand_0029_007d-328"><code>top </code><span class="roman">(@-command)</span></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-top-command">makeinfo top command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-u-_0040r_007b_0028breve-accent_0029_007d-679"><code>u </code><span class="roman">(breve accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ubaraccent-681"><code>ubaraccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-udotaccent-683"><code>udotaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unmacro-949"><code>unmacro</code></a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unnumbered-275"><code>unnumbered</code></a>: <a href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unnumberedsec-280"><code>unnumberedsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unnumberedsubsec-286"><code>unnumberedsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unnumberedsubsubsec-291"><code>unnumberedsubsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-up_002dlist-113"><code>up-list</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uref-383"><code>uref</code></a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-v-_0040r_007b_0028check-accent_0029_007d-685"><code>v </code><span class="roman">(check accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-value-905"><code>value</code></a>: <a href="#set-value">set value</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-var-420"><code>var</code></a>: <a href="#var">var</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verb-417"><code>verb</code></a>: <a href="#verb">verb</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbatim-467"><code>verbatim</code></a>: <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbatiminclude-471"><code>verbatiminclude</code></a>: <a href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vskip-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-vertical-skip_007d-208"><code>vskip </code><span class="roman">TeX vertical skip</span></a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vtable-521"><code>vtable</code></a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-w-_0040r_007b_0028prevent-line-break_0029_007d-790"><code>w </code><span class="roman">(prevent line break)</span></a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xml-902"><code>xml</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xref-366"><code>xref</code></a>: <a href="#xref">xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_007b-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007b_007d_0029_007d-629"><code>{ </code><span class="roman">(literal {)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_007d-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007d_007d_0029_007d-630"><code>} </code><span class="roman">(literal })</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_007e-_0040r_007b_0028tilde-accent_0029_007d-667"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">(tilde accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-u-_0040r_007b_0028breve-accent_0029_007d-709"><code>u </code><span class="roman">(breve accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ubaraccent-711"><code>ubaraccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-udotaccent-713"><code>udotaccent</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unmacro-1075"><code>unmacro</code></a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unnumbered-274"><code>unnumbered</code></a>: <a href="#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unnumberedsec-279"><code>unnumberedsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unnumberedsubsec-285"><code>unnumberedsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unnumberedsubsubsec-290"><code>unnumberedsubsubsec</code></a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-up_002dlist-110"><code>up-list</code></a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-uref-386"><code>uref</code></a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-v-_0040r_007b_0028check-accent_0029_007d-715"><code>v </code><span class="roman">(check accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-value-1026"><code>value</code></a>: <a href="#set-value">set value</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-var-423"><code>var</code></a>: <a href="#var">var</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-verb-420"><code>verb</code></a>: <a href="#verb">verb</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-verbatim-483"><code>verbatim</code></a>: <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-verbatiminclude-489"><code>verbatiminclude</code></a>: <a href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vskip-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-vertical-skip_007d-205"><code>vskip </code><span class="roman">TeX vertical skip</span></a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vtable-539"><code>vtable</code></a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-w-_0040r_007b_0028prevent-line-break_0029_007d-910"><code>w </code><span class="roman">(prevent line break)</span></a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xml-1022"><code>xml</code></a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xref-369"><code>xref</code></a>: <a href="#xref">xref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007b_007d_0029_007d-652"><code>{ </code><span class="roman">(literal ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_007d-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_007d_007d_0029_007d-653"><code>} </code><span class="roman">(literal ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007b_0028tilde-accent_0029_007d-697"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">(tilde accent)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> </ul><div class="node"> <p><hr> -<a name="Concept-Index"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>, +<a name="General-Index"></a> +Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> -<br> + </div> -<h2 class="unnumbered">Concept Index</h2> +<h2 class="unnumbered">General Index</h2> <ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-_0040exclamdown_007b_007d-692">¡</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0024Id-1245">$Id</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0024Id-expansion_002c-preventing-797">$Id expansion, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0028dir_0029-as-Up-node-of-Top-node-325">(dir) as Up node of Top node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dcommands_002din_002dnode_002dnames-1075"><code>--commands-in-node-names</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dcss_002dinclude-1076"><code>--css-include</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002ddelete-1185"><code>--delete</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002ddir_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-1186"><code>--dir-file=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002ddocbook-1077"><code>--docbook</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dencoding-1078"><code>--enable-encoding</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dencoding-924"><code>--enable-encoding</code></a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dentry_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1188"><code>--entry=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002derror_002dlimit_003d_0040var_007blimit_007d-1079"><code>--error-limit=</code><var>limit</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dfill_002dcolumn_003d_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1081"><code>--fill-column=</code><var>width</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_0040r_007b_002c-ignored-in-HTML-output_007d-1206"><code>--footnote-style</code><span class="roman">, ignored in HTML output</span></a>: <a href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1083"><code>--footnote-style=</code><var>style</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dforce-1085"><code>--force</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1087"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1190"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dhtml-1089"><code>--html</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002difdocbook-1091"><code>--ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002difhtml-1092"><code>--ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002difinfo-1093"><code>--ifinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002difplaintext-1094"><code>--ifplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002diftex-1095"><code>--iftex</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002difxml-1096"><code>--ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dinfo_002ddir_003d_0040var_007bdir_007d-1194"><code>--info-dir=</code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dinfo_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1192"><code>--info-file=</code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002ditem_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1196"><code>--item=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dmacro_002dexpand_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1097"><code>--macro-expand=</code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dheaders-1099"><code>--no-headers</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002difdocbook-1107"><code>--no-ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002difhtml-1108"><code>--no-ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002difinfo-1109"><code>--no-ifinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002difplaintext-1110"><code>--no-ifplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002diftex-1111"><code>--no-iftex</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002difxml-1112"><code>--no-ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dnumber_002dfootnotes-1121"><code>--no-number-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dpointer_002dvalidate-1116"><code>--no-pointer-validate</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dsplit-1113"><code>--no-split</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dvalidate-1117"><code>--no-validate</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dwarn-1119"><code>--no-warn</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dnumber_002dsections-1120"><code>--number-sections</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002doutput_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1122"><code>--output=</code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dparagraph_002dindent_003d_0040var_007bindent_007d-1125"><code>--paragraph-indent=</code><var>indent</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dquiet-1197"><code>--quiet</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dreference_002dlimit_003d_0040var_007blimit_007d-1127"><code>--reference-limit=</code><var>limit</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dremove-1198"><code>--remove</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dsection_003d_0040var_007bsec_007d-1200"><code>--section=</code><var>sec</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dsplit_002dsize_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-1129"><code>--split-size=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dverbose-1130"><code>--verbose</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion-1131"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion-1202"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dxml-1133"><code>--xml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dD-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1195"><code>-D </code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dd-_0040var_007bname_007d-1187"><code>-d </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dD-_0040var_007bvar_007d-1074"><code>-D </code><var>var</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dE-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1098"><code>-E </code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002de-_0040var_007blimit_007d-1080"><code>-e </code><var>limit</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002de-_0040var_007btext_007d-1189"><code>-e </code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dF-1086"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002df-_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1082"><code>-f </code><var>width</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dh-1088"><code>-h</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dh-1191"><code>-h</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dI-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1090"><code>-I </code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002di-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1193"><code>-i </code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002do-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1123"><code>-o </code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dP-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1124"><code>-P </code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dp-_0040var_007bindent_007d-1126"><code>-p </code><var>indent</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dr-1199"><code>-r</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dr-_0040var_007blimit_007d-1128"><code>-r </code><var>limit</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002ds-_0040var_007bsec_007d-1201"><code>-s </code><var>sec</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002ds-_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1084"><code>-s </code><var>style</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dV-1132"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_002dV-1203"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040b_007b_002ecshrc_007d-initialization-file-1014"><b>.cshrc</b> initialization file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040b_007b_002eprofile_007d-initialization-file-1013"><b>.profile</b> initialization file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040L_007b_007d-708">/L</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040l_007b_007d-706">/l</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040o_007b_007d-710">ø</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040O_007b_007d-712">Ø</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-8_002dbit-characters_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1225">8-bit characters, in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cacronym_003e-tag-434"><acronym> tag</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cblockquote_003e-HTML-tag-463"><blockquote> HTML tag</a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003clineannotation_003e-Docbook-tag-458"><lineannotation> Docbook tag</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_003cmeta_003e_007d-HTML-tag_002c-and-charset-specification-929"><code><meta></code> HTML tag, and charset specification</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cmeta_003e-HTML-tag_002c-and-document-description-237"><meta> HTML tag, and document description</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cnote_003e-Docbook-tag-462"><note> Docbook tag</a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003csmall_003e-tag-446"><small> tag</a>: <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cthead_003e-HTML-tag-538"><thead> HTML tag</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003ctitle_003e-HTML-tag-176"><title> HTML tag</a>: <a href="#settitle">settitle</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_003cURL_003a-convention_002c-not-used-388"><URL: convention, not used</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040questiondown_007b_007d-690">¿</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d-as-continuation-in-definition-commands-821"><span class="samp">@</span> as continuation in definition commands</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1231">@-command list</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040_002dcommand-syntax-1233">@-command syntax</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040_002dcommands-46">@-commands</a>: <a href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-_0040_0040node_002c-limited-support-1138">@-commands in @node, limited support</a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-nodename-310">@-commands in nodename</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040import-specifications_002c-in-CSS-files-1214">@import specifications, in CSS files</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-sample-1267"><code>@include</code> file sample</a>: <a href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040menu_007d-parts-347"><code>@menu</code> parts</a>: <a href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-writing-304"><code>@node</code> line writing</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040_0040value-in-_0040_0040node-lines-1139">@value in @node lines</a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007b_0040_0040w_007d_002c-for-blank-items-509"><code>@w</code>, for blank items</a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040samp_007b_005cinput_007d-source-line-ignored-170"><span class="samp">\input</span> source line ignored</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040ordf_007b_007d-721">ª</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A4-paper_002c-printing-on-1041">A4 paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-A5-paper_002c-printing-on-1042">A5 paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040AA_007b_007d-696">Å</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040aa_007b_007d-694">å</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Abbreviations-for-keys-414">Abbreviations for keys</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Abbreviations_002c-tagging-432">Abbreviations, tagging</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Abstract-of-document-236">Abstract of document</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Accents_002c-inserting-655">Accents, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Acronyms_002c-tagging-433">Acronyms, tagging</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Acute-accent-660">Acute accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Adding-a-new-Info-file-1160">Adding a new Info file</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040ae_007b_007d-698">æ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040AE_007b_007d-700">Æ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Aliases_002c-command-961">Aliases, command</a>: <a href="#alias">alias</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-All_002dpermissive-copying-license-1258">All-permissive copying license</a>: <a href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Allow-line-break-785">Allow line break</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Alphabetical-_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1229">Alphabetical @-command list</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Alt-attribute-for-images-563">Alt attribute for images</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Anchors-333">Anchors</a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Another-Info-directory-1167">Another Info directory</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Arguments_002c-repeated-and-optional-827">Arguments, repeated and optional</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ASCII-text-output-1101">ASCII text output</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Aspect-ratio-of-images-572">Aspect ratio of images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-autoexec_002ebat-1172"><code>autoexec.bat</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-automake_0040r_007b_002c-and-version-info_007d-1250"><code>automake</code><span class="roman">, and version info</span></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040exclamdown_007b_007d-722">¡</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0060_0060-779">“</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040quotedblbase_007b_007d-_0028double-low_002d9-quotation-mark_0029-789">„ (double low-9 quotation mark)</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024Id-1397">$Id</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024Id-expansion_002c-preventing-917">$Id expansion, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0027-785">'</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028dir_0029-as-Up-node-of-Top-node-325">(dir) as Up node of Top node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040quotesinglbase_007b_007d-_0028single-low_002d9-quotation-mark_0029-791">‚ (single low-9 quotation mark)</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-905">-, breakpoint within <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dalign_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1327"><code>--align=</code><var>column</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcalign_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1328"><code>--calign=</code><var>column</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcommand-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1118"><code>--command </code><span class="roman">(</span><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcommands_002din_002dnode_002dnames-1212"><code>--commands-in-node-names</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcss_002dinclude-1213"><code>--css-include</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcss_002dref-1214"><code>--css-ref</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddebug-1329"><code>--debug</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddelete-1330"><code>--delete</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddescription_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1331"><code>--description=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddir_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-1332"><code>--dir-file=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dencoding-1215"><code>--disable-encoding</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddocbook-1217"><code>--docbook</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddocument_002dlanguage-1218"><code>--document-language</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddry_002drun-1333"><code>--dry-run</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dencoding-1216"><code>--enable-encoding</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dencoding-1050"><code>--enable-encoding</code></a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dentry_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1334"><code>--entry=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002derror_002dlimit_003d_0040var_007blimit_007d-1220"><code>--error-limit=</code><var>limit</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfill_002dcolumn_003d_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1222"><code>--fill-column=</code><var>width</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_0040r_007b_002c-ignored-in-HTML-output_007d-1357"><code>--footnote-style</code><span class="roman">, ignored in HTML output</span></a>: <a href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dfootnote_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1224"><code>--footnote-style=</code><var>style</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dforce-1226"><code>--force</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-1335"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-1228"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhtml-1230"><code>--html</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002difdocbook-1232"><code>--ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002difhtml-1233"><code>--ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002difinfo-1234"><code>--ifinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002difplaintext-1235"><code>--ifplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002diftex-1236"><code>--iftex</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002difxml-1237"><code>--ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinfo_002ddir_003d_0040var_007bdir_007d-1337"><code>--info-dir=</code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinfo_002dfile_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1336"><code>--info-file=</code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinfodir_003d_0040var_007bdir_007d-1338"><code>--infodir=</code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ditem_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1339"><code>--item=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dkeep_002dold-1340"><code>--keep-old</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dlanguage-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1121"><code>--language </code><span class="roman">(</span><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmacro_002dexpand_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1238"><code>--macro-expand=</code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmax_002dwidth_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1341"><code>--max-width=</code><var>column</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmaxwidth_003d_0040var_007bcolumn_007d-1342"><code>--maxwidth=</code><var>column</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmenuentry_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1343"><code>--menuentry=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dname_003d_0040var_007btext_007d-1344"><code>--name=</code><var>text</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dheaders-1240"><code>--no-headers</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difdocbook-1249"><code>--no-ifdocbook</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difhtml-1250"><code>--no-ifhtml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difinfo-1251"><code>--no-ifinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difplaintext-1252"><code>--no-ifplaintext</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002diftex-1253"><code>--no-iftex</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002difxml-1254"><code>--no-ifxml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dindent-1345"><code>--no-indent</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dnumber_002dfootnotes-1255"><code>--no-number-footnotes</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dnumber_002dsections-1256"><code>--no-number-sections</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dpointer_002dvalidate-1260"><code>--no-pointer-validate</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dsplit-1257"><code>--no-split</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dvalidate-1261"><code>--no-validate</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dwarn-1263"><code>--no-warn</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dnumber_002dsections-1264"><code>--number-sections</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002doutput_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-1265"><code>--output=</code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dparagraph_002dindent_003d_0040var_007bindent_007d-1268"><code>--paragraph-indent=</code><var>indent</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpdf-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1119"><code>--pdf </code><span class="roman">(</span><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dplaintext-1241"><code>--plaintext</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-1346"><code>--quiet</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002drecode-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1123"><code>--recode </code><span class="roman">(</span><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002drecode_002dfrom-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1124"><code>--recode-from </code><span class="roman">(</span><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dregex_003d_0040var_007bregex_007d-1352"><code>--regex=</code><var>regex</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dremove-1348"><code>--remove</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dremove_002dexactly-1349"><code>--remove-exactly</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsection-_0040var_007bregex_007d-_0040var_007bsec_007d-1351"><code>--section </code><var>regex</var> <var>sec</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsection_003d_0040var_007bsec_007d-1350"><code>--section=</code><var>sec</var></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsilent-1347"><code>--silent</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsplit_002dsize_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-1270"><code>--split-size=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dtest-1353"><code>--test</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dtranslate_002dfile-_0040r_007b_0028_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d_0029_007d-1122"><code>--translate-file </code><span class="roman">(</span><samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dtransliterate_002dfile_002dnames-1271"><code>--transliterate-file-names</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-1272"><code>--verbose</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-1354"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-1273"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dxml-1275"><code>--xml</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bvar_007d-1211"><code>-D </code><var>var</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dE-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1239"><code>-E </code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007blimit_007d-1221"><code>-e </code><var>limit</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dF-1227"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002df-_0040var_007bwidth_007d-1223"><code>-f </code><var>width</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dh-1229"><code>-h</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dI-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1231"><code>-I </code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bfile_007d-1266"><code>-o </code><var>file</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bdir_007d-1267"><code>-P </code><var>dir</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bindent_007d-1269"><code>-p </code><var>indent</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bstyle_007d-1225"><code>-s </code><var>style</var></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-1274"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040b_007b_002ecshrc_007d-initialization-file-1147"><b>.cshrc</b> initialization file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040b_007b_002eprofile_007d-initialization-file-1146"><b>.profile</b> initialization file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040L_007b_007d-738">/L</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040l_007b_007d-736">/l</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040O_007b_007d-742">Ø</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040o_007b_007d-740">ø</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002dbit-characters_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1376">8-bit characters, in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040guilsinglleft_007b_007d-816">‹</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040guillemetleft_007b_007d-811">«</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cabbr_003e-tag-434"><abbr> tag</a>: <a href="#abbr">abbr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cacronym_003e-tag-438"><acronym> tag</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cblockquote_003e-HTML-tag-479"><blockquote> HTML tag</a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003clineannotation_003e-Docbook-tag-474"><lineannotation> Docbook tag</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_003cmeta_003e_007d-HTML-tag_002c-and-charset-specification-1055"><code><meta></code> HTML tag, and charset specification</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cmeta_003e-HTML-tag_002c-and-document-description-236"><meta> HTML tag, and document description</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cnote_003e-Docbook-tag-478"><note> Docbook tag</a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003csmall_003e-tag-450"><small> tag</a>: <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cthead_003e-HTML-tag-556"><thead> HTML tag</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003ctitle_003e-HTML-tag-173"><title> HTML tag</a>: <a href="#settitle">settitle</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_003cURL_003a-convention_002c-not-used-391"><URL: convention, not used</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040guilsinglright_007b_007d-818">›</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040guillemetright_007b_007d-814">»</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040questiondown_007b_007d-720">¿</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d-as-continuation-in-definition-commands-941">‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ as continuation in definition commands</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1383">@-command list</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommand-syntax-1385">@-command syntax</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommands-46">@-commands</a>: <a href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-_0040_0040node_002c-limited-support-1280">@-commands in @node, limited support</a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_002dcommands-in-nodename-310">@-commands in nodename</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040import-specifications_002c-in-CSS-files-1365">@import specifications, in CSS files</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-sample-1419"><code>@include</code> file sample</a>: <a href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040menu_007d-parts-350"><code>@menu</code> parts</a>: <a href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-writing-304"><code>@node</code> line writing</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040value-in-_0040_0040node-lines-1281">@value in @node lines</a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_0040_0040w_007d_002c-for-blank-items-527"><code>@w</code>, for blank items</a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_005cinput_007d-source-line-ignored-167">‘<samp><span class="samp">\input</span></samp>’ source line ignored</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_005e_0040_0040_005eH_007d-for-images-in-Info-590">‘<samp><span class="samp">^@^H</span></samp>’ for images in Info</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005f_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-908">_, breakpoint within <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0060-781">`</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040ordf_007b_007d-751">ª</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-A4-paper_002c-printing-on-1178">A4 paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-A5-paper_002c-printing-on-1179">A5 paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040AA_007b_007d-726">Å</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040aa_007b_007d-724">å</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Abbreviations-for-keys-417">Abbreviations for keys</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Abbreviations_002c-tagging-433">Abbreviations, tagging</a>: <a href="#abbr">abbr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Abstract-of-document-235">Abstract of document</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Accents_002c-inserting-684">Accents, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-accesskey_0040r_007b_002c-in-HTML-output_007d-347"><code>accesskey</code><span class="roman">, in HTML output</span></a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-accesskey_0040r_007b_002c-in-HTML-output_007d-301"><code>accesskey</code><span class="roman">, in HTML output</span></a>: <a href="#node">node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Acronyms_002c-tagging-437">Acronyms, tagging</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Acute-accent-690">Acute accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Adding-a-new-Info-file-1302">Adding a new Info file</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040AE_007b_007d-730">Æ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040ae_007b_007d-728">æ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Aliases_002c-command-1088">Aliases, command</a>: <a href="#alias">alias</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-All_002dpermissive-copying-license-1410">All-permissive copying license</a>: <a href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Allow-line-break-898">Allow line break</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Alphabetical-_0040_0040_002dcommand-list-1381">Alphabetical @-command list</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Alt-attribute-for-images-585">Alt attribute for images</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Anchors-335">Anchors</a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Angle-quotation-marks-792">Angle quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Another-Info-directory-1309">Another Info directory</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Arguments_002c-repeated-and-optional-947">Arguments, repeated and optional</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ASCII-text-output-1243">ASCII text output</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Aspect-ratio-of-images-595">Aspect ratio of images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-autoexec_002ebat-1314"><code>autoexec.bat</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-automake_0040r_007b_002c-and-version-info_007d-1402"><code>automake</code><span class="roman">, and version info</span></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Automatic-pointer-creation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-331">Automatic pointer creation with <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Automatically-insert-nodes_002c-menus-131">Automatically insert nodes, menus</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Auxiliary-files_002c-avoiding-986">Auxiliary files, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-B5-paper_002c-printing-on-1055">B5 paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Automatically-insert-nodes_002c-menus-128">Automatically insert nodes, menus</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Auxiliary-files_002c-avoiding-1113">Auxiliary files, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-B5-paper_002c-printing-on-1192">B5 paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Back_002dend-output-formats-15">Back-end output formats</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Backslash-in-macros-944">Backslash in macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Backslash_002c-and-macros-956">Backslash, and macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Badly-referenced-nodes-1305">Badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bastard-title-page-197">Bastard title page</a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Batch-formatting-for-Info-1152">Batch formatting for Info</a>: <a href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Backslash-in-macros-1070">Backslash in macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Backslash_002c-and-macros-1082">Backslash, and macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Badly-referenced-nodes-1467">Badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bastard-title-page-194">Bastard title page</a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Batch-formatting-for-Info-1294">Batch formatting for Info</a>: <a href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Beebe_002c-Nelson-27">Beebe, Nelson</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Beginning-a-Texinfo-file-156">Beginning a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Beginning-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-164">Beginning line of a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#First-Line">First Line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-81">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Big-points-577">Big points</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Black-rectangle-in-hardcopy-1031">Black rectangle in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Blank-lines-804">Blank lines</a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Beginning-a-Texinfo-file-153">Beginning a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Beginning-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-161">Beginning line of a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#First-Line">First Line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-78">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Big-points-600">Big points</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Black-rectangle-in-hardcopy-1168">Black rectangle in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Blank-lines-924">Blank lines</a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Blank-lines_002c-as-paragraph-separator-55">Blank lines, as paragraph separator</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Body-of-a-macro-940">Body of a macro</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bold-font-453">Bold font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bolio-92">Bolio</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Body-of-a-macro-1066">Body of a macro</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bold-font-459">Bold font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bolio-89">Bolio</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Book-characteristics_002c-printed-42">Book characteristics, printed</a>: <a href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Book_002c-printing-small-1038">Book, printing small</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-border_002dpattern-853"><code>border-pattern</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-border_002dpattern-of-Window-859"><code>border-pattern of Window</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bo_0040TeX_007b_007d-93">BoTeX</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Box-with-rounded-corners-501">Box with rounded corners</a>: <a href="#cartouche">cartouche</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Box_002c-ugly-black-in-hardcopy-1033">Box, ugly black in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Braces-and-argument-syntax-1236">Braces and argument syntax</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Braces_002c-in-macro-arguments-958">Braces, in macro arguments</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Braces_002c-inserting-628">Braces, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Book_002c-printing-small-1175">Book, printing small</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-border_002dpattern-973"><code>border-pattern</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-border_002dpattern-of-Window-979"><code>border-pattern of Window</code></a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bo_0040TeX_007b_007d-90">BoTeX</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Box-with-rounded-corners-519">Box with rounded corners</a>: <a href="#cartouche">cartouche</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Box_002c-ugly-black-in-hardcopy-1170">Box, ugly black in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Braces-and-argument-syntax-1388">Braces and argument syntax</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Braces_002c-in-macro-arguments-1084">Braces, in macro arguments</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Braces_002c-inserting-651">Braces, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Braces_002c-when-to-use-48">Braces, when to use</a>: <a href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Breaks-in-a-line-783">Breaks in a line</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Breve-accent-680">Breve accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Buffer-formatting-and-printing-151">Buffer formatting and printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Breaks-in-a-line-896">Breaks in a line</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Breaks_002c-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-904">Breaks, within <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Breve-accent-710">Breve accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Buffer-formatting-and-printing-148">Buffer formatting and printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Bugs_002c-reporting-5">Bugs, reporting</a>: <a href="#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bullets_002c-inserting-731">Bullets, inserting</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Captions_002c-for-floats-550">Captions, for floats</a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Caron-accent-688">Caron accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cascading-Style-Sheets_002c-and-HTML-output-1213">Cascading Style Sheets, and HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bullets_002c-inserting-820">Bullets, inserting</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Captions_002c-for-floats-568">Captions, for floats</a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Caron-accent-718">Caron accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cascading-Style-Sheets_002c-and-HTML-output-1364">Cascading Style Sheets, and HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Case-in-node-name-319">Case in node name</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Case_002c-not-altering-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-401">Case, not altering in <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Catching-errors-with-Info-formatting-1292">Catching errors with Info formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Catching-errors-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1294">Catching errors with TeX formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Catching-mistakes-1287">Catching mistakes</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Categories_002c-choosing-1179">Categories, choosing</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cedilla-accent-670">Cedilla accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Centimeters-579">Centimeters</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Chapter-structuring-270">Chapter structuring</a>: <a href="#Structuring">Structuring</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Chapters_002c-formatting-one-at-a-time-989">Chapters, formatting one at a time</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Character-set_002c-declaring-922">Character set, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Case_002c-not-altering-in-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-404">Case, not altering in <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Catching-errors-with-Info-formatting-1454">Catching errors with Info formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Catching-errors-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1456">Catching errors with TeX formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Catching-mistakes-1449">Catching mistakes</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Categories_002c-choosing-1321">Categories, choosing</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Caveats-for-macro-usage-1087">Caveats for macro usage</a>: <a href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cedilla-accent-700">Cedilla accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Centimeters-602">Centimeters</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Chapter-structuring-269">Chapter structuring</a>: <a href="#Structuring">Structuring</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Chapters_002c-formatting-one-at-a-time-1116">Chapters, formatting one at a time</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Character-set_002c-declaring-1048">Character set, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Characteristics_002c-printed-books-or-manuals-44">Characteristics, printed books or manuals</a>: <a href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Characters_002c-basic-input-52">Characters, basic input</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Characters_002c-invalid-in-node-name-316">Characters, invalid in node name</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Chassell_002c-Robert-J_002e-79">Chassell, Robert J.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Check-accent-687">Check accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Checking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1302">Checking for badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Chassell_002c-Robert-J_002e-76">Chassell, Robert J.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Check-accent-717">Check accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Checking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1464">Checking for badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Checklist-for-bug-reports-8">Checklist for bug reports</a>: <a href="#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ciceros-582">Ciceros</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Circumflex-accent-664">Circumflex accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-code_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-409"><code>code</code><span class="roman">, value for </span><code>@kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Collapsing-whitespace-around-continuations-824">Collapsing whitespace around continuations</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ciceros-605">Ciceros</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Circumflex-accent-694">Circumflex accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Click-sequences-862">Click sequences</a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CM_002dSuper-fonts-773">CM-Super fonts</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CM_002dSuper-fonts_002c-installing-1153">CM-Super fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-code_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-412"><code>code</code><span class="roman">, value for </span><code>@kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Collapsing-whitespace-around-continuations-944">Collapsing whitespace around continuations</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Colon-in-nodename-312">Colon in nodename</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Colon_002c-last-in-_0040env_007bINFOPATH_007d-1173">Colon, last in <span class="env">INFOPATH</span></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Column-widths_002c-defining-for-multitables-527">Column widths, defining for multitables</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Combining-indices-608">Combining indices</a>: <a href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Colon_002c-last-in-_0040env_007bINFOPATH_007d-1315">Colon, last in <samp><span class="env">INFOPATH</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Column-widths_002c-defining-for-multitables-545">Column widths, defining for multitables</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Combining-indices-631">Combining indices</a>: <a href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Comma-in-nodename-313">Comma in nodename</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Comma_002c-in-macro-arguments-957">Comma, in macro arguments</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Command-aliases-962">Command aliases</a>: <a href="#alias">alias</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Command-definitions-868">Command definitions</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Command-names_002c-indicating-424">Command names, indicating</a>: <a href="#command">command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Command-syntax-1235">Command syntax</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Commands-to-insert-special-characters-625">Commands to insert special characters</a>: <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Commands-using-raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-891">Commands using raw TeX</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Commands_002c-inserting-them-100">Commands, inserting them</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Commas_002c-inserting-631">Commas, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Comments-66">Comments</a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Comments_002c-in-CSS-files-1215">Comments, in CSS files</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Compile-command-for-formatting-1006">Compile command for formatting</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Compressed-files_002c-reading-1183">Compressed files, reading</a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Conditionally-visible-text-872">Conditionally visible text</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Conditionals_002c-nested-909">Conditionals, nested</a>: <a href="#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Comma_002c-in-macro-arguments-1083">Comma, in macro arguments</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Command-aliases-1089">Command aliases</a>: <a href="#alias">alias</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Command-definitions-988">Command definitions</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Command-names_002c-indicating-427">Command names, indicating</a>: <a href="#command">command</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Command-syntax-1387">Command syntax</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Commands-to-insert-special-characters-648">Commands to insert special characters</a>: <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Commands-using-raw-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1011">Commands using raw TeX</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Commands_002c-inserting-them-97">Commands, inserting them</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Commas_002c-inserting-654">Commas, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Comments-63">Comments</a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Comments_002c-in-CSS-files-1366">Comments, in CSS files</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Compile-command-for-formatting-1139">Compile command for formatting</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Compressed-files_002c-reading-1325">Compressed files, reading</a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Conditionally-visible-text-992">Conditionally visible text</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Conditionals_002c-nested-1031">Conditionals, nested</a>: <a href="#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Conditions-for-copying-Texinfo-2">Conditions for copying Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Contents_002c-after-title-page-223">Contents, after title page</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Contents_002c-Table-of-216">Contents, Table of</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Contents_002dlike-outline-of-file-structure-121">Contents-like outline of file structure</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Continuation-lines-in-definition-commands-819">Continuation lines in definition commands</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Conventions-for-writing-definitions-866">Conventions for writing definitions</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Contents_002c-after-title-page-220">Contents, after title page</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Contents_002c-Table-of-213">Contents, Table of</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Contents_002dlike-outline-of-file-structure-118">Contents-like outline of file structure</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Continuation-lines-in-definition-commands-939">Continuation lines in definition commands</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Conventions-for-writing-definitions-986">Conventions for writing definitions</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Conventions_002c-syntactic-51">Conventions, syntactic</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Copying-conditions-1">Copying conditions</a>: <a href="#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copying-Permissions-179">Copying Permissions</a>: <a href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copying-software-256">Copying software</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copying-text_002c-including-188">Copying text, including</a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copyright-holder-for-FSF-works-184">Copyright holder for FSF works</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copyright-page-205">Copyright page</a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copyright-page_002c-for-plain-text-192">Copyright page, for plain text</a>: <a href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Copyright-word_002c-always-in-English-182">Copyright word, always in English</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Correcting-mistakes-1288">Correcting mistakes</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bcp_007d-_0028concept_0029-index-594"><code>cp</code> (concept) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Create-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-129">Create nodes, menus automatically</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Creating-an-Info-file-1068">Creating an Info file</a>: <a href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Creating-an-unsplit-file-1309">Creating an unsplit file</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Creating-index-entries-604">Creating index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copying-Permissions-176">Copying Permissions</a>: <a href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copying-software-255">Copying software</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copying-text_002c-including-185">Copying text, including</a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copyright-holder-for-FSF-works-181">Copyright holder for FSF works</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copyright-page-202">Copyright page</a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copyright-page_002c-for-plain-text-189">Copyright page, for plain text</a>: <a href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copyright-symbol-837">Copyright symbol</a>: <a href="#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Copyright-word_002c-always-in-English-179">Copyright word, always in English</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Correcting-mistakes-1450">Correcting mistakes</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Country-codes-1044">Country codes</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bcp_007d-_0028concept_0029-index-617"><code>cp</code> (concept) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Create-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-126">Create nodes, menus automatically</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Creating-an-Info-file-1205">Creating an Info file</a>: <a href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Creating-an-unsplit-file-1471">Creating an unsplit file</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Creating-index-entries-627">Creating index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Creating-pointers-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-329">Creating pointers with <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cropmarks-for-printing-1059">Cropmarks for printing</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross-reference-parts-364">Cross reference parts</a>: <a href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-361">Cross references</a>: <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-380">Cross references using <code>@inforef</code></a>: <a href="#inforef">inforef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-376">Cross references using <code>@pxref</code></a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-371">Cross references using <code>@ref</code></a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-367">Cross references using <code>@xref</code></a>: <a href="#xref">xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross_002dreference-targets_002c-arbitrary-334">Cross-reference targets, arbitrary</a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cross_002dreferences_002c-in-HTML-output-1217">Cross-references, in HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CSS_002c-and-HTML-output-1212">CSS, and HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Custom-page-sizes-1049">Custom page sizes</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Customize-Emacs-package-_0028_0040t_007bDevelopment_002fDocs_002fTexinfo_007d_0029-1004">Customize Emacs package (<tt>Development/Docs/Texinfo</tt>)</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Customized-highlighting-965">Customized highlighting</a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Customizing-of-_0040TeX_007b_007d-for-Texinfo-1020">Customizing of TeX for Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CVS-_0024Id-1246">CVS $Id</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dashes-in-source-61">Dashes in source</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Debugging-the-Texinfo-structure-1291">Debugging the Texinfo structure</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Debugging-with-Info-formatting-1293">Debugging with Info formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Debugging-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1295">Debugging with TeX formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Defining-indexing-entries-600">Defining indexing entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Defining-macros-935">Defining macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Defining-new-indices-617">Defining new indices</a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Defining-new-Texinfo-commands-931">Defining new Texinfo commands</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Definition-command-headings_002c-continuing-820">Definition command headings, continuing</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Definition-commands-814">Definition commands</a>: <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Definition-conventions-865">Definition conventions</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Definition-lists_002c-typesetting-515">Definition lists, typesetting</a>: <a href="#table">table</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Definition-template-815">Definition template</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Definitions-grouped-together-833">Definitions grouped together</a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Delimiter-character_002c-for-verbatim-419">Delimiter character, for verbatim</a>: <a href="#verb">verb</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Depth-of-text-area-1054">Depth of text area</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Description-for-menu_002c-start-116">Description for menu, start</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Description-of-document-234">Description of document</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Details-of-macro-usage-960">Details of macro usage</a>: <a href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Did_0040_005eot-points-581">Didôt points</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Different-cross-reference-commands-363">Different cross reference commands</a>: <a href="#Cross-Reference-Commands">Cross Reference Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dimension-formatting-651">Dimension formatting</a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dimensions-and-image-sizes-574">Dimensions and image sizes</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dir-categories_002c-choosing-1178">Dir categories, choosing</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-directory-for-Info-installation-1159"><span class="file">dir</span> directory for Info installation</a>: <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-listing-1164"><span class="file">dir</span> file listing</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file_002c-creating-your-own-1174"><span class="file">dir</span> file, creating your own</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007bdir_007d-files-and-Info-directories-1168"><span class="file">dir</span> files and Info directories</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dir-files_002c-compressed-1184">Dir files, compressed</a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007bdir_007d_002c-created-by-_0040code_007binstall_002dinfo_007d-1182"><span class="file">dir</span>, created by <code>install-info</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Display-formatting-481">Display formatting</a>: <a href="#display">display</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Displayed-equations-754">Displayed equations</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-distinct_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-407"><code>distinct</code><span class="roman">, value for </span><code>@kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Distorting-images-573">Distorting images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Distribution-257">Distribution</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cropmarks-for-printing-1196">Cropmarks for printing</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross-reference-parts-367">Cross reference parts</a>: <a href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-364">Cross references</a>: <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-383">Cross references using <code>@inforef</code></a>: <a href="#inforef">inforef</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-379">Cross references using <code>@pxref</code></a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-374">Cross references using <code>@ref</code></a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross-references-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-370">Cross references using <code>@xref</code></a>: <a href="#xref">xref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross_002dreference-targets_002c-arbitrary-336">Cross-reference targets, arbitrary</a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cross_002dreferences_002c-in-HTML-output-1368">Cross-references, in HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CSS_002c-and-HTML-output-1363">CSS, and HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Custom-page-sizes-1186">Custom page sizes</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Customize-Emacs-package-_0028_0040t_007bDevelopment_002fDocs_002fTexinfo_007d_0029-1137">Customize Emacs package (<tt>Development/Docs/Texinfo</tt>)</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Customized-highlighting-1092">Customized highlighting</a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Customizing-of-_0040TeX_007b_007d-for-Texinfo-1157">Customizing of TeX for Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CVS-_0024Id-1398">CVS $Id</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dash_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-907">Dash, breakpoint within <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dashes-in-source-58">Dashes in source</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Debugging-the-Texinfo-structure-1453">Debugging the Texinfo structure</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Debugging-with-Info-formatting-1455">Debugging with Info formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Debugging-with-_0040TeX_007b_007d-formatting-1457">Debugging with TeX formatting</a>: <a href="#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Default-font-464">Default font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Defining-indexing-entries-623">Defining indexing entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Defining-macros-1061">Defining macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Defining-new-indices-640">Defining new indices</a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Defining-new-Texinfo-commands-1057">Defining new Texinfo commands</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Definition-command-headings_002c-continuing-940">Definition command headings, continuing</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Definition-commands-934">Definition commands</a>: <a href="#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Definition-conventions-985">Definition conventions</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Definition-lists_002c-typesetting-533">Definition lists, typesetting</a>: <a href="#table">table</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Definition-template-935">Definition template</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Definitions-grouped-together-953">Definitions grouped together</a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Degree-symbol-849">Degree symbol</a>: <a href="#textdegree">textdegree</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Delimiter-character_002c-for-verbatim-422">Delimiter character, for verbatim</a>: <a href="#verb">verb</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Depth-of-text-area-1191">Depth of text area</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Description-for-menu_002c-start-113">Description for menu, start</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Description-of-document-233">Description of document</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Detail-menu-332">Detail menu</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Detailed-menu-230">Detailed menu</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Details-of-macro-usage-1086">Details of macro usage</a>: <a href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Did_0040_005eot-points-604">Didôt points</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Different-cross-reference-commands-366">Different cross reference commands</a>: <a href="#Cross-Reference-Commands">Cross Reference Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dimension-formatting-680">Dimension formatting</a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dimensions-and-image-sizes-597">Dimensions and image sizes</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dir-categories_002c-choosing-1320">Dir categories, choosing</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-directory-for-Info-installation-1301"><samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> directory for Info installation</a>: <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-listing-1306"><samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file listing</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-file_002c-creating-your-own-1316"><samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file, creating your own</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d-files-and-Info-directories-1310"><samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> files and Info directories</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dir-files_002c-compressed-1326">Dir files, compressed</a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bdir_007d_002c-created-by-_0040code_007binstall_002dinfo_007d-1324"><samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp>, created by <code>install-info</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Display-formatting-499">Display formatting</a>: <a href="#display">display</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Displayed-equations-860">Displayed equations</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-distinct_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-410"><code>distinct</code><span class="roman">, value for </span><code>@kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Distorting-images-596">Distorting images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Distribution-256">Distribution</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Docbook-output-32">Docbook output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Docbook_002c-including-raw-892">Docbook, including raw</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Document-description-233">Document description</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Document-input-encoding-923">Document input encoding</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Document-language_002c-declaring-914">Document language, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Document-Permissions-178">Document Permissions</a>: <a href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Documentation-identification-1248">Documentation identification</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dot-accent-672">Dot accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dotless-i_002c-j-704">Dotless i, j</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dots_002c-inserting-730">Dots, inserting</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dots_002c-inserting-740">Dots, inserting</a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Double_002dcolon-menu-entries-349">Double-colon menu entries</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Docbook_002c-including-raw-1012">Docbook, including raw</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Document-description-232">Document description</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Document-input-encoding-1049">Document input encoding</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Document-language_002c-declaring-1037">Document language, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Document-Permissions-175">Document Permissions</a>: <a href="#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Document-strings_002c-translation-of-1038">Document strings, translation of</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Documentation-identification-1400">Documentation identification</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dot-accent-702">Dot accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dotless-i_002c-j-734">Dotless i, j</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dots_002c-inserting-829">Dots, inserting</a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dots_002c-inserting-819">Dots, inserting</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double-angle-quotation-marks-801">Double angle quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double-guillemets-799">Double guillemets</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double-left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-805">Double left-pointing angle quotation mark</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double-low_002d9-quotation-mark-786">Double low-9 quotation mark</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double-quotation-marks-775">Double quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double-right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-806">Double right-pointing angle quotation mark</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Double_002dcolon-menu-entries-352">Double-colon menu entries</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DTD_002c-for-Texinfo-XML-30">DTD, for Texinfo XML</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dumas_002c-Patrice-1218">Dumas, Patrice</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Dumping-a-_002efmt-file-1024">Dumping a .fmt file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-file-979">DVI file</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dumas_002c-Patrice-1369">Dumas, Patrice</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Dumping-a-_002efmt-file-1161">Dumping a .fmt file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVI-file-1106">DVI file</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVI-output-23">DVI output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dvips-24"><code>dvips</code></a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ellipsis_002c-inserting-732">Ellipsis, inserting</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Em-dash_002c-compared-to-minus-sign-748">Em dash, compared to minus sign</a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Em-dash_002c-producing-63">Em dash, producing</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Emacs-97">Emacs</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-999">Emacs shell, format, print from</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-772">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts_002c-installing-1152">EC fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ellipsis_002c-inserting-821">Ellipsis, inserting</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Em-dash_002c-compared-to-minus-sign-852">Em dash, compared to minus sign</a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Em-dash_002c-producing-60">Em dash, producing</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Emacs-94">Emacs</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1132">Emacs shell, format, print from</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Emacs_002dW3-22">Emacs-W3</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Emphasizing-text-440">Emphasizing text</a>: <a href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Emphasizing-text_002c-font-for-441">Emphasizing text, font for</a>: <a href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-En-dash_002c-producing-64">En dash, producing</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Encoding_002c-declaring-920">Encoding, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bEnd_007d_007d-node-footnote-style-588"><span class="samp">End</span> node footnote style</a>: <a href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-End-of-header-line-177">End of header line</a>: <a href="#End-of-Header">End of Header</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-End-titlepage-starts-headings-213">End titlepage starts headings</a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ending-a-Sentence-639">Ending a Sentence</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ending-a-Texinfo-file-260">Ending a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Entries-for-an-index-602">Entries for an index</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Entries_002c-making-index-593">Entries, making index</a>: <a href="#Index-Entries">Index Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Enumeration-511">Enumeration</a>: <a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Environment-indentation-252">Environment indentation</a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bINFOPATH_007d-1171">Environment variable <code>INFOPATH</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT_007d-1135">Environment variable <code>TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINPUTS_007d-1022">Environment variable <code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-585"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1017"><code>epsf.tex</code><span class="roman">, installing</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Equations_002c-displayed-755">Equations, displayed</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Equivalence_002c-indicating-770">Equivalence, indicating</a>: <a href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Error-message_002c-indicating-768">Error message, indicating</a>: <a href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Errors_002c-parsing-1145">Errors, parsing</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Es_002dzet-727">Es-zet</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-European-A4-paper-1044">European A4 paper</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Evaluation-glyph-760">Evaluation glyph</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Example-beginning-of-Texinfo-file-160">Example beginning of Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Sample-Beginning">Sample Beginning</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Example-indentation-253">Example indentation</a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Example-menu-354">Example menu</a>: <a href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-example_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-408"><code>example</code><span class="roman">, value for </span><code>@kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Examples-in-smaller-fonts-475">Examples in smaller fonts</a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Examples_002c-formatting-them-464">Examples, formatting them</a>: <a href="#example">example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Examples_002c-glyphs-for-757">Examples, glyphs for</a>: <a href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Expanding-macros-953">Expanding macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Expansion-of-8_002dbit-characters-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1226">Expansion of 8-bit characters in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Expansion_002c-indicating-763">Expansion, indicating</a>: <a href="#expansion">expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-node-names-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1222">expansion, of node names in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Expressions-in-a-program_002c-indicating-398">Expressions in a program, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-F_002eB_002eI_002e_002c-as-acronym-431">F.B.I., as acronym</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1315">FDL, GNU Free Documentation License</a>: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Feminine-ordinal-719">Feminine ordinal</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-File-beginning-158">File beginning</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-File-ending-262">File ending</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-File-name-collision-172">File name collision</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-File-section-structure_002c-showing-it-122">File section structure, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Final-output-1028">Final output</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Finding-badly-referenced-nodes-1304">Finding badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Fine_002dtuning_002c-and-hyphenation-789">Fine-tuning, and hyphenation</a>: <a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-First-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-163">First line of a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#First-Line">First Line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Emphasizing-text-444">Emphasizing text</a>: <a href="#Emphasis">Emphasis</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Emphasizing-text_002c-font-for-445">Emphasizing text, font for</a>: <a href="#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-En-dash_002c-producing-61">En dash, producing</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Encoding_002c-declaring-1046">Encoding, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bEnd_007d_007d-node-footnote-style-611">‘<samp><span class="samp">End</span></samp>’ node footnote style</a>: <a href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-End-of-header-line-174">End of header line</a>: <a href="#End-of-Header">End of Header</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-End-titlepage-starts-headings-210">End titlepage starts headings</a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ending-a-Sentence-664">Ending a Sentence</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ending-a-Texinfo-file-259">Ending a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Entries-for-an-index-625">Entries for an index</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Entries_002c-making-index-616">Entries, making index</a>: <a href="#Index-Entries">Index Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Enumeration-529">Enumeration</a>: <a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Environment-indentation-251">Environment indentation</a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bINFOPATH_007d-1313">Environment variable <code>INFOPATH</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT_007d-1277">Environment variable <code>TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Environment-variable-_0040code_007bTEXINPUTS_007d-1159">Environment variable <code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-eps-image-format-579"><code>eps image format</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-608"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1150"><code>epsf.tex</code><span class="roman">, installing</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Equations_002c-displayed-861">Equations, displayed</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Equivalence_002c-indicating-883">Equivalence, indicating</a>: <a href="#Equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Error-message_002c-indicating-881">Error message, indicating</a>: <a href="#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Errors_002c-parsing-1287">Errors, parsing</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Es_002dzet-757">Es-zet</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Euro-font-845">Euro font</a>: <a href="#euro">euro</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Euro-font_002c-installing-1155">Euro font, installing</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Euro-symbol-841">Euro symbol</a>: <a href="#euro">euro</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-European-A4-paper-1181">European A4 paper</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-European-Computer-Modern-fonts-771">European Computer Modern fonts</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-European-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-installing-1151">European Computer Modern fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Evaluation-glyph-873">Evaluation glyph</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Example-beginning-of-Texinfo-file-157">Example beginning of Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Sample-Beginning">Sample Beginning</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Example-indentation-252">Example indentation</a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Example-menu-357">Example menu</a>: <a href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-example_0040r_007b_002c-value-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbdinputstyle_007d_007d-411"><code>example</code><span class="roman">, value for </span><code>@kbdinputstyle</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Examples-in-smaller-fonts-493">Examples in smaller fonts</a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Examples_002c-formatting-them-480">Examples, formatting them</a>: <a href="#example">example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Examples_002c-glyphs-for-870">Examples, glyphs for</a>: <a href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Expanding-macros-1079">Expanding macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Expansion-of-8_002dbit-characters-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1377">Expansion of 8-bit characters in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Expansion_002c-indicating-876">Expansion, indicating</a>: <a href="#expansion">expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-node-names-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1373">expansion, of node names in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Expressions-in-a-program_002c-indicating-401">Expressions in a program, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Feminine-ordinal-749">Feminine ordinal</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-feymr10-844"><code>feymr10</code></a>: <a href="#euro">euro</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-feymr10_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1154"><code>feymr10</code><span class="roman">, installing</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-File-beginning-155">File beginning</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-File-ending-261">File ending</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-File-name-collision-169">File name collision</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-File-section-structure_002c-showing-it-119">File section structure, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Final-output-1165">Final output</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Finding-badly-referenced-nodes-1466">Finding badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Fine_002dtuning_002c-and-hyphenation-902">Fine-tuning, and hyphenation</a>: <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-First-line-of-a-Texinfo-file-160">First line of a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#First-Line">First Line</a></li> <li><a href="#index-First-node-323">First node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-First-paragraph_002c-suppressing-indentation-of-245">First paragraph, suppressing indentation of</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Fixed_002dwidth-font-455">Fixed-width font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Float-environment-543">Float environment</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Floating-accents_002c-inserting-656">Floating accents, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Floating_002c-not-yet-implemented-541">Floating, not yet implemented</a>: <a href="#Floats">Floats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-in-general-540">Floats, in general</a>: <a href="#Floats">Floats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-list-of-554">Floats, list of</a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-making-unnumbered-544">Floats, making unnumbered</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-numbering-of-546">Floats, numbering of</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Flooding-379">Flooding</a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bfn_007d-_0028function_0029-index-595"><code>fn</code> (function) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Fonts-for-indices-615">Fonts for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Fonts-for-printing_002c-not-Info-447">Fonts for printing, not Info</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Footings-1269">Footings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Footnotes-586">Footnotes</a>: <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Force-line-break-784">Force line break</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Forcing-indentation-496">Forcing indentation</a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Forcing-line-and-page-breaks-774">Forcing line and page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Format-a-dimension-652">Format a dimension</a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Format-and-print-hardcopy-969">Format and print hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Format-and-print-in-Texinfo-mode-1002">Format and print in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Format-file_002c-dumping-1025">Format file, dumping</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Format-with-the-compile-command-1007">Format with the compile command</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Format_002c-print-from-Emacs-shell-997">Format, print from Emacs shell</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formats-for-images-559">Formats for images</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-a-file-for-Info-1070">Formatting a file for Info</a>: <a href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-First-paragraph_002c-suppressing-indentation-of-244">First paragraph, suppressing indentation of</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Fixed_002dwidth-font-472">Fixed-width font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Float-environment-561">Float environment</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Floating-accents_002c-inserting-685">Floating accents, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Floating_002c-not-yet-implemented-559">Floating, not yet implemented</a>: <a href="#Floats">Floats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-in-general-558">Floats, in general</a>: <a href="#Floats">Floats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-list-of-572">Floats, list of</a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-making-unnumbered-562">Floats, making unnumbered</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Floats_002c-numbering-of-564">Floats, numbering of</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Flooding-382">Flooding</a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bfn_007d-_0028function_0029-index-618"><code>fn</code> (function) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Font-size_002c-reducing-453">Font size, reducing</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Fonts-for-indices-638">Fonts for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Fonts-for-printing_002c-not-Info-451">Fonts for printing, not Info</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Footings-1421">Footings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Footnotes-609">Footnotes</a>: <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Force-line-break-897">Force line break</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Forcing-indentation-514">Forcing indentation</a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Forcing-line-and-page-breaks-887">Forcing line and page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Format-a-dimension-681">Format a dimension</a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Format-and-print-hardcopy-1096">Format and print hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Format-and-print-in-Texinfo-mode-1135">Format and print in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Format-file_002c-dumping-1162">Format file, dumping</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Format-with-the-compile-command-1140">Format with the compile command</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Format_002c-print-from-Emacs-shell-1130">Format, print from Emacs shell</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formats-for-images-577">Formats for images</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-a-file-for-Info-1207">Formatting a file for Info</a>: <a href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Formatting-commands-47">Formatting commands</a>: <a href="#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-examples-465">Formatting examples</a>: <a href="#example">example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-for-Info-143">Formatting for Info</a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-for-printing-148">Formatting for printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-headings-and-footings-1272">Formatting headings and footings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-requirements-1010">Formatting requirements</a>: <a href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-978">Formatting with <code>tex</code> and <code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Formulas_002c-mathematical-752">Formulas, mathematical</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Fox_002c-Brian-80">Fox, Brian</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1255">Free Documentation License, including entire</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Directory-1177">Free Software Directory</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Frequently-used-commands_002c-inserting-99">Frequently used commands, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Frontmatter_002c-text-in-159">Frontmatter, text in</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Full-texts_002c-GNU-1244">Full texts, GNU</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Function-definitions-867">Function definitions</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-examples-481">Formatting examples</a>: <a href="#example">example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-for-Info-140">Formatting for Info</a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-for-printing-145">Formatting for printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-headings-and-footings-1424">Formatting headings and footings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-requirements-1143">Formatting requirements</a>: <a href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-1105">Formatting with <code>tex</code> and <code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Formulas_002c-mathematical-858">Formulas, mathematical</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Fox_002c-Brian-77">Fox, Brian</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1407">Free Documentation License, including entire</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Directory-1319">Free Software Directory</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-French-quotation-marks-795">French quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-French-spacing-676">French spacing</a>: <a href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Frequently-used-commands_002c-inserting-96">Frequently used commands, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Frontmatter_002c-text-in-156">Frontmatter, text in</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Full-texts_002c-GNU-1396">Full texts, GNU</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Function-definitions-987">Function definitions</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> <li><a href="#index-General-syntactic-conventions-49">General syntactic conventions</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Generating-menus-with-indices-266">Generating menus with indices</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Generating-plain-text-files-1102">Generating plain text files</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-German-S-729">German S</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GIF-images_002c-unsupported-due-to-patents-565">GIF images, unsupported due to patents</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Global-Document-Commands-232">Global Document Commands</a>: <a href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Globbing-984">Globbing</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Glyphs-756">Glyphs</a>: <a href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-Emacs-96">GNU Emacs</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1000">GNU Emacs shell, format, print from</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1254">GNU Free Documentation License, including entire</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GNU-sample-texts-1242">GNU sample texts</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Going-to-other-Info-files_0027-nodes-358">Going to other Info files' nodes</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Grave-accent-666">Grave accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Grave-accent_002c-vs_002e_0040_003a-left-quote-59">Grave accent, vs. left quote</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Group-_0028hold-text-together-vertically_0029-808">Group (hold text together vertically)</a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Grouping-two-definitions-together-832">Grouping two definitions together</a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hacek-accent-686">Hacek accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hardcopy_002c-printing-it-971">Hardcopy, printing it</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d_002c-overfull-1027"><span class="samp">hboxes</span>, overfull</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Header-for-Texinfo-files-161">Header for Texinfo files</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Header-of-a-Texinfo-file-165">Header of a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#First-Line">First Line</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Heading-row_002c-in-table-537">Heading row, in table</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Headings-1268">Headings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Headings_002c-indentation-after-249">Headings, indentation after</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Headings_002c-page_002c-begin-to-appear-211">Headings, page, begin to appear</a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Height-of-images-571">Height of images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Height-of-text-area-1053">Height of text area</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Generating-menus-with-indices-265">Generating menus with indices</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Generating-plain-text-files-1244">Generating plain text files</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-German-quotation-marks-797">German quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-German-S-759">German S</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Global-Document-Commands-231">Global Document Commands</a>: <a href="#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Globbing-1111">Globbing</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Glyphs-869">Glyphs</a>: <a href="#Glyphs">Glyphs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GNU-Emacs-93">GNU Emacs</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GNU-Emacs-shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1133">GNU Emacs shell, format, print from</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GNU-Free-Documentation-License_002c-including-entire-1406">GNU Free Documentation License, including entire</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GNU-sample-texts-1394">GNU sample texts</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Going-to-other-Info-files_0027-nodes-361">Going to other Info files' nodes</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Grave-accent-696">Grave accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Grave-accent_002c-vs_002e-left-quote-764">Grave accent, vs. left quote</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Group-_0028hold-text-together-vertically_0029-928">Group (hold text together vertically)</a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Grouping-two-definitions-together-952">Grouping two definitions together</a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GUI-click-sequence-864">GUI click sequence</a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Guillemets-793">Guillemets</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Guillemots-794">Guillemots</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hacek-accent-716">Hacek accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hardcopy_002c-printing-it-1098">Hardcopy, printing it</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d_002c-overfull-1164">‘<samp><span class="samp">hboxes</span></samp>’, overfull</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Header-for-Texinfo-files-158">Header for Texinfo files</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Header-of-a-Texinfo-file-162">Header of a Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#First-Line">First Line</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Heading-row_002c-in-table-555">Heading row, in table</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Headings-1420">Headings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Headings_002c-indentation-after-248">Headings, indentation after</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Headings_002c-page_002c-begin-to-appear-208">Headings, page, begin to appear</a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Height-of-images-594">Height of images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Height-of-text-area-1190">Height of text area</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-help2man-34"><code>help2man</code></a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hierarchical-documents_002c-and-menus-341">Hierarchical documents, and menus</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Highlighting-text-394">Highlighting text</a>: <a href="#Indicating">Indicating</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Highlighting_002c-customized-964">Highlighting, customized</a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hints-1239">Hints</a>: <a href="#Tips">Tips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-History-of-Texinfo-90">History of Texinfo</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Holder-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-185">Holder of copyright for FSF works</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Holding-text-together-vertically-809">Holding text together vertically</a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bhref_007d_002c-producing-HTML-386"><code>href</code>, producing HTML</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-8_002dbit-character-expansion-1224">HTML cross-reference 8-bit character expansion</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-command-expansion-1223">HTML cross-reference command expansion</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">HTML Xref Command Expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-link-basics-1219">HTML cross-reference link basics</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Link-Basics">HTML Xref Link Basics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-mismatch-1227">HTML cross-reference mismatch</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-node-name-expansion-1220">HTML cross-reference node name expansion</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1216">HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-output-1205">HTML output</a>: <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hierarchical-documents_002c-and-menus-343">Hierarchical documents, and menus</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Highlighting-text-397">Highlighting text</a>: <a href="#Indicating">Indicating</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Highlighting_002c-customized-1091">Highlighting, customized</a>: <a href="#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hints-1391">Hints</a>: <a href="#Tips">Tips</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-History-of-Texinfo-87">History of Texinfo</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Holder-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-182">Holder of copyright for FSF works</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Holding-text-together-vertically-929">Holding text together vertically</a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhref_007d_002c-producing-HTML-389"><code>href</code>, producing HTML</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-8_002dbit-character-expansion-1375">HTML cross-reference 8-bit character expansion</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-command-expansion-1374">HTML cross-reference command expansion</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">HTML Xref Command Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-link-basics-1370">HTML cross-reference link basics</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Link-Basics">HTML Xref Link Basics</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-mismatch-1379">HTML cross-reference mismatch</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreference-node-name-expansion-1371">HTML cross-reference node name expansion</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1367">HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-output-1356">HTML output</a>: <a href="#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a></li> <li><a href="#index-HTML-output-18">HTML output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-output_002c-and-encodings-927">HTML output, and encodings</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-output_002c-browser-compatibility-of-1208">HTML output, browser compatibility of</a>: <a href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML-output_002c-split-1210">HTML output, split</a>: <a href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML_002c-and-CSS-1211">HTML, and CSS</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-HTML_002c-including-raw-893">HTML, including raw</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bhttp_002dequiv_007d_002c-and-charset-specification-928"><code>http-equiv</code>, and charset specification</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-accent-674">Hungarian umlaut accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hurricanes-374">Hurricanes</a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hyphen_002c-compared-to-minus-749">Hyphen, compared to minus</a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hyphenation-patterns_002c-language_002ddependent-916">Hyphenation patterns, language-dependent</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hyphenation_002c-helping-_0040TeX_007b_007d-do-788">Hyphenation, helping TeX do</a>: <a href="#_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hyphenation_002c-preventing-794">Hyphenation, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hyphens-in-source_002c-two-or-three-in-a-row-62">Hyphens in source, two or three in a row</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040dotless_007bi_007d-_0028dotless-i_0029-702">i (dotless i)</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Identification-of-documentation-1249">Identification of documentation</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-If-text-conditionally-visible-875">If text conditionally visible</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ignored-before-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-169">Ignored before <code>@setfilename</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ignored-text-69">Ignored text</a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Image-formats-560">Image formats</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Images_002c-alternate-text-for-564">Images, alternate text for</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Images_002c-inserting-556">Images, inserting</a>: <a href="#Images">Images</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Images_002c-scaling-568">Images, scaling</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inches-578">Inches</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Include-file-sample-1266">Include file sample</a>: <a href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Include-files-1260">Include files</a>: <a href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Include-files-requirements-1263">Include files requirements</a>: <a href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Include-files_002c-and-section-levels-299">Include files, and section levels</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Including-a-file-verbatim-470">Including a file verbatim</a>: <a href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Including-permissions-text-190">Including permissions text</a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indentation-undoing-486">Indentation undoing</a>: <a href="#exdent">exdent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indentation_002c-forcing-498">Indentation, forcing</a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indentation_002c-omitting-494">Indentation, omitting</a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indenting-environments-251">Indenting environments</a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indenting-paragraphs_002c-control-of-242">Indenting paragraphs, control of</a>: <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indenting_002c-suppressing-of-first-paragraph-248">Indenting, suppressing of first paragraph</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Index-entries-601">Index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Index-entries_002c-making-592">Index entries, making</a>: <a href="#Index-Entries">Index Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Index-entry-writing-606">Index entry writing</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Index-file-names-982">Index file names</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Index-font-types-607">Index font types</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indexing-table-entries-automatically-519">Indexing table entries automatically</a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indicating-commands_002c-definitions_002c-etc_002e-395">Indicating commands, definitions, etc.</a>: <a href="#Indicating">Indicating</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indicating-evaluation-759">Indicating evaluation</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indices-591">Indices</a>: <a href="#Indices">Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-combining-them-609">Indices, combining them</a>: <a href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-defining-new-618">Indices, defining new</a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-printing-and-menus-265">Indices, printing and menus</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-sorting-974">Indices, sorting</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-two-letter-names-613">Indices, two letter names</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Indirect-subfiles-1156">Indirect subfiles</a>: <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-batch-formatting-1153">Info batch formatting</a>: <a href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-file-installation-1158">Info file installation</a>: <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-file-name_002c-choosing-173">Info file name, choosing</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-file_002c-listing-a-new-1163">Info file, listing a new</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-file_002c-splitting-manually-1314">Info file, splitting manually</a>: <a href="#Splitting">Splitting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-output_002c-and-encodings-1053">HTML output, and encodings</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-output_002c-browser-compatibility-of-1359">HTML output, browser compatibility of</a>: <a href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML-output_002c-split-1361">HTML output, split</a>: <a href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML_002c-and-CSS-1362">HTML, and CSS</a>: <a href="#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-HTML_002c-including-raw-1013">HTML, including raw</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_002dequiv_007d_002c-and-charset-specification-1054"><code>http-equiv</code>, and charset specification</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-accent-704">Hungarian umlaut accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hurricanes-377">Hurricanes</a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hyphen_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-906">Hyphen, breakpoint within <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hyphen_002c-compared-to-minus-853">Hyphen, compared to minus</a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hyphenation-patterns_002c-language_002ddependent-1040">Hyphenation patterns, language-dependent</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hyphenation_002c-helping-_0040TeX_007b_007d-do-901">Hyphenation, helping TeX do</a>: <a href="#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hyphenation_002c-preventing-914">Hyphenation, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hyphens-in-source_002c-two-or-three-in-a-row-59">Hyphens in source, two or three in a row</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040dotless_007bi_007d-_0028dotless-i_0029-732">i (dotless i)</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Identification-of-documentation-1401">Identification of documentation</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-If-text-conditionally-visible-995">If text conditionally visible</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ignored-before-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-166">Ignored before <code>@setfilename</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ignored-text-66">Ignored text</a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Image-formats-578">Image formats</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Images_002c-alternate-text-for-586">Images, alternate text for</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Images_002c-inserting-574">Images, inserting</a>: <a href="#Images">Images</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Images_002c-scaling-591">Images, scaling</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inches-601">Inches</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Include-file-sample-1418">Include file sample</a>: <a href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Include-files-1412">Include files</a>: <a href="#Include-Files">Include Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Include-files-requirements-1415">Include files requirements</a>: <a href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Include-files_002c-and-section-levels-298">Include files, and section levels</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Including-a-file-verbatim-488">Including a file verbatim</a>: <a href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Including-permissions-text-187">Including permissions text</a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indentation-undoing-504">Indentation undoing</a>: <a href="#exdent">exdent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indentation_002c-forcing-516">Indentation, forcing</a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indentation_002c-omitting-512">Indentation, omitting</a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indenting-environments-250">Indenting environments</a>: <a href="#exampleindent">exampleindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indenting-paragraphs_002c-control-of-241">Indenting paragraphs, control of</a>: <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indenting_002c-suppressing-of-first-paragraph-247">Indenting, suppressing of first paragraph</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Index-entries-624">Index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Index-entries_002c-making-615">Index entries, making</a>: <a href="#Index-Entries">Index Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Index-entry-writing-629">Index entry writing</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Index-file-names-1109">Index file names</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Index-font-types-630">Index font types</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indexing-table-entries-automatically-537">Indexing table entries automatically</a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indicating-commands_002c-definitions_002c-etc_002e-398">Indicating commands, definitions, etc.</a>: <a href="#Indicating">Indicating</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indicating-evaluation-872">Indicating evaluation</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indices-614">Indices</a>: <a href="#Indices">Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-combining-them-632">Indices, combining them</a>: <a href="#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-defining-new-641">Indices, defining new</a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-printing-and-menus-264">Indices, printing and menus</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-sorting-1101">Indices, sorting</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indices_002c-two-letter-names-636">Indices, two letter names</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Indirect-subfiles-1298">Indirect subfiles</a>: <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-batch-formatting-1295">Info batch formatting</a>: <a href="#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-file-installation-1300">Info file installation</a>: <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-file-name_002c-choosing-170">Info file name, choosing</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-file_002c-listing-a-new-1305">Info file, listing a new</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-file_002c-splitting-manually-1476">Info file, splitting manually</a>: <a href="#Splitting">Splitting</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-files-38">Info files</a>: <a href="#Info-Files">Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-format_002c-and-menus-340">Info format, and menus</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-formatting-145">Info formatting</a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-installed-in-another-directory-1166">Info installed in another directory</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-format_002c-and-menus-342">Info format, and menus</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-formatting-142">Info formatting</a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-installed-in-another-directory-1308">Info installed in another directory</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-output-16">Info output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-output_002c-and-encoding-926">Info output, and encoding</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-validating-a-large-file-1307">Info validating a large file</a>: <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002c-creating-an-online-file-1069">Info, creating an online file</a>: <a href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-1169"><code>Info-directory-list</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info_003b-other-files_0027-nodes-359">Info; other files' nodes</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-INFOPATH-1170"><code>INFOPATH</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Initialization-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-1015">Initialization file for TeX input</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Input-encoding_002c-declaring-921">Input encoding, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Insert-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-130">Insert nodes, menus automatically</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-627">Inserting @ <span class="roman">(literal @)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-an-Atsign">Inserting an Atsign</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-accents-654">Inserting accents</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-dots-734">Inserting dots</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-dots-739">Inserting dots</a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-ellipsis-733">Inserting ellipsis</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-frequently-used-commands-98">Inserting frequently used commands</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-indentation-497">Inserting indentation</a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-space-633">Inserting space</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Inserting-special-characters-and-symbols-622">Inserting special characters and symbols</a>: <a href="#Insertions">Insertions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007bINSTALL_007d-file_002c-generating-1103"><span class="file">INSTALL</span> file, generating</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-install_002dinfo-1181"><code>install-info</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Installing-an-Info-file-1157">Installing an Info file</a>: <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Installing-Info-in-another-directory-1165">Installing Info in another directory</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Internationalization-911">Internationalization</a>: <a href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-output_002c-and-encoding-1052">Info output, and encoding</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info-validating-a-large-file-1469">Info validating a large file</a>: <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002c-creating-an-online-file-1206">Info, creating an online file</a>: <a href="#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_002ddirectory_002dlist-1311"><code>Info-directory-list</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Info_003b-other-files_0027-nodes-362">Info; other files' nodes</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-INFOPATH-1312"><code>INFOPATH</code></a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Initialization-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-1148">Initialization file for TeX input</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Input-encoding_002c-declaring-1047">Input encoding, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Insert-nodes_002c-menus-automatically-127">Insert nodes, menus automatically</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-_0040_0040-_0040r_007b_0028literal-_0040samp_007b_0040_0040_007d_0029_007d-650">Inserting @ <span class="roman">(literal ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp><span class="roman">’)</span></a>: <a href="#Inserting-an-Atsign">Inserting an Atsign</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-accents-683">Inserting accents</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-dots-828">Inserting dots</a>: <a href="#dots">dots</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-dots-823">Inserting dots</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-ellipsis-822">Inserting ellipsis</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-frequently-used-commands-95">Inserting frequently used commands</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-indentation-515">Inserting indentation</a>: <a href="#indent">indent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-quotation-marks-760">Inserting quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-quote-characters-656">Inserting quote characters</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-space-658">Inserting space</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Inserting-special-characters-and-symbols-645">Inserting special characters and symbols</a>: <a href="#Insertions">Insertions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bINSTALL_007d-file_002c-generating-1245"><samp><span class="file">INSTALL</span></samp> file, generating</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-install_002dinfo-1323"><code>install-info</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Installing-an-Info-file-1299">Installing an Info file</a>: <a href="#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Installing-Info-in-another-directory-1307">Installing Info in another directory</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Internationalization-1033">Internationalization</a>: <a href="#Internationalization">Internationalization</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Introduction-to-Texinfo-12">Introduction to Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Introduction_002c-as-part-of-file-259">Introduction, as part of file</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Introduction_002c-as-part-of-file-258">Introduction, as part of file</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Invalid-characters-in-node-names-317">Invalid characters in node names</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Invoking-macros-952">Invoking macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Invoking-nodes_002c-including-in-dir-file-1180">Invoking nodes, including in dir file</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ISO-639-codes-917">ISO 639 codes</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Italic-font-452">Italic font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Itemization-507">Itemization</a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040dotless_007bj_007d-_0028dotless-j_0029-703">j (dotless j)</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-JPG-image-format-567">JPG image format</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Keyboard-input-403">Keyboard input</a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Keys_002c-recommended-names-412">Keys, recommended names</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Keyword-expansion_002c-preventing-795">Keyword expansion, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Keywords_002c-indicating-399">Keywords, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Invoking-macros-1078">Invoking macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Invoking-nodes_002c-including-in-dir-file-1322">Invoking nodes, including in dir file</a>: <a href="#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-3166-country-codes-1042">ISO 3166 country codes</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-639_002d2-language-codes-1041">ISO 639-2 language codes</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-8859_002d1-769">ISO 8859-1</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-8859_002d15-842">ISO 8859-15</a>: <a href="#euro">euro</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ISO-8859_002d15-767">ISO 8859-15</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Italic-font-461">Italic font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Itemization-525">Itemization</a>: <a href="#itemize">itemize</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040dotless_007bj_007d-_0028dotless-j_0029-733">j (dotless j)</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-JPEG-image-format-589">JPEG image format</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-jpeg-image-format-582"><code>jpeg image format</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Keyboard-input-406">Keyboard input</a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Keys_002c-recommended-names-415">Keys, recommended names</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Keyword-expansion_002c-preventing-915">Keyword expansion, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Keywords_002c-indicating-402">Keywords, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-45">Knuth, Donald</a>: <a href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bky_007d-_0028keystroke_0029-index-596"><code>ky</code> (keystroke) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Language-codes-918">Language codes</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Language_002c-declaring-913">Language, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Larger-or-smaller-pages-1063">Larger or smaller pages</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d_002c-processing-with-_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d-991">LaTeX, processing with <span class="command">texi2dvi</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Legal-paper_002c-printing-on-1056">Legal paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Length-of-file-names-171">Length of file names</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Less-cluttered-menu-entry-351">Less cluttered menu entry</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-License-agreement-258">License agreement</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-License-for-all_002dpermissive-copying-1259">License for all-permissive copying</a>: <a href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-License-for-verbatim-copying-1257">License for verbatim copying</a>: <a href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Line-breaks-782">Line breaks</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Line-breaks-777">Line breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Line-breaks_002c-preventing-791">Line breaks, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Line-length_002c-column-widths-as-fraction-of-530">Line length, column widths as fraction of</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Line-spacing-805">Line spacing</a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lisp-example-473">Lisp example</a>: <a href="#lisp">lisp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lisp-examples-in-smaller-fonts-476">Lisp examples in smaller fonts</a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-List-of--_0040_0040_002dcommands-1230">List of @-commands</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-List-of-floats-553">List of floats</a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Listing-a-new-Info-file-1161">Listing a new Info file</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lists-and-tables_002c-making-504">Lists and tables, making</a>: <a href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Local-variables-1005">Local variables</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Local-Variables_003a-section_002c-for-encoding-925">Local Variables: section, for encoding</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Location-of-menus-339">Location of menus</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Looking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1303">Looking for badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lowering-and-raising-sections-297">Lowering and raising sections</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lpr-_0040r_007b_0028DVI-print-command_0029_007d-992"><code>lpr </code><span class="roman">(DVI print command)</span></a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lpr_0040r_007b_002dd_002c-replacements-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows_007d-995"><code>lpr</code><span class="roman">-d, replacements on MS-DOS/MS-Windows</span></a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bky_007d-_0028keystroke_0029-index-619"><code>ky</code> (keystroke) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LANG-1219"><code>LANG</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Language-codes-1043">Language codes</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Language_002c-declaring-1035">Language, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Larger-or-smaller-pages-1200">Larger or smaller pages</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-logo-835">LaTeX logo</a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d_002c-processing-with-_0040command_007btexi2dvi_007d-1120">LaTeX, processing with <samp><span class="command">texi2dvi</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Latin-1-770">Latin 1</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Latin-9-843">Latin 9</a>: <a href="#euro">euro</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Latin-9-768">Latin 9</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Left-quotation-marks-776">Left quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-marks-803">Left-pointing angle quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Legal-paper_002c-printing-on-1193">Legal paper, printing on</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Length-of-file-names-168">Length of file names</a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Less-cluttered-menu-entry-354">Less cluttered menu entry</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-License-agreement-257">License agreement</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-License-for-all_002dpermissive-copying-1411">License for all-permissive copying</a>: <a href="#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-License-for-verbatim-copying-1409">License for verbatim copying</a>: <a href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Line-breaks-895">Line breaks</a>: <a href="#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Line-breaks-890">Line breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Line-breaks_002c-preventing-911">Line breaks, preventing</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Line-length_002c-column-widths-as-fraction-of-548">Line length, column widths as fraction of</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Line-spacing-925">Line spacing</a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Lisp-example-491">Lisp example</a>: <a href="#lisp">lisp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Lisp-examples-in-smaller-fonts-494">Lisp examples in smaller fonts</a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-List-of--_0040_0040_002dcommands-1382">List of @-commands</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-List-of-floats-571">List of floats</a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Listing-a-new-Info-file-1303">Listing a new Info file</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Lists-and-tables_002c-making-522">Lists and tables, making</a>: <a href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Local-variables-1138">Local variables</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Local-Variables_003a-section_002c-for-encoding-1051">Local Variables: section, for encoding</a>: <a href="#documentencoding">documentencoding</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Locale_002c-declaring-1036">Locale, declaring</a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Location-of-menus-341">Location of menus</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Logos_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d-833">Logos, TeX</a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Looking-for-badly-referenced-nodes-1465">Looking for badly referenced nodes</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Lowering-and-raising-sections-296">Lowering and raising sections</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lpr-_0040r_007b_0028DVI-print-command_0029_007d-1125"><code>lpr </code><span class="roman">(DVI print command)</span></a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-lpr_0040r_007b_002dd_002c-replacements-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows_007d-1128"><code>lpr</code><span class="roman">-d, replacements on MS-DOS/MS-Windows</span></a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Lynx-21">Lynx</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macro-definitions-936">Macro definitions</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macro-definitions-869">Macro definitions</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macro-details-959">Macro details</a>: <a href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macro-expansion_002c-indicating-764">Macro expansion, indicating</a>: <a href="#expansion">expansion</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macro-invocation-955">Macro invocation</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macro-names_002c-valid-characters-in-938">Macro names, valid characters in</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macron-accent-662">Macron accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macros-930">Macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macros-in-definition-commands-818">Macros in definition commands</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Macros_002c-undefining-950">Macros, undefining</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Magnified-printing-1062">Magnified printing</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mailto-link-439">Mailto link</a>: <a href="#email">email</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-makeinfo-1071"><code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-inside-Emacs-1141"><code>makeinfo</code> inside Emacs</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-options-1072"><code>makeinfo</code> options</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Making-a-printed-manual-972">Making a printed manual</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Making-a-tag-table-automatically-1154">Making a tag table automatically</a>: <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Making-a-tag-table-manually-1311">Making a tag table manually</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Making-cross-references-360">Making cross references</a>: <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Making-line-and-page-breaks-775">Making line and page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Making-lists-and-tables-503">Making lists and tables</a>: <a href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macro-definitions-1062">Macro definitions</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macro-definitions-989">Macro definitions</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macro-details-1085">Macro details</a>: <a href="#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macro-expansion_002c-indicating-877">Macro expansion, indicating</a>: <a href="#expansion">expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macro-invocation-1081">Macro invocation</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macro-names_002c-valid-characters-in-1064">Macro names, valid characters in</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macron-accent-692">Macron accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macros-1056">Macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macros-in-definition-commands-938">Macros in definition commands</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Macros_002c-undefining-1076">Macros, undefining</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Magnified-printing-1199">Magnified printing</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mailto-link-443">Mailto link</a>: <a href="#email">email</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-makeinfo-1208"><code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-inside-Emacs-1283"><code>makeinfo</code> inside Emacs</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-options-1209"><code>makeinfo</code> options</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Making-a-printed-manual-1099">Making a printed manual</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Making-a-tag-table-automatically-1296">Making a tag table automatically</a>: <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Making-a-tag-table-manually-1473">Making a tag table manually</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Making-cross-references-363">Making cross references</a>: <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Making-line-and-page-breaks-888">Making line and page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Making-lists-and-tables-521">Making lists and tables</a>: <a href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Man-page-output_002c-not-supported-33">Man page output, not supported</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Man-page_002c-reference-to-387">Man page, reference to</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Man-page_002c-reference-to-390">Man page, reference to</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Manual-characteristics_002c-printed-41">Manual characteristics, printed</a>: <a href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Margins-on-page_002c-not-controllable-1057">Margins on page, not controllable</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Marking-text-within-a-paragraph-392">Marking text within a paragraph</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Marking-words-and-phrases-390">Marking words and phrases</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Masculine-ordinal-722">Masculine ordinal</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Master-menu-229">Master menu</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-expressions-751">Mathematical expressions</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-expressions-898">Mathematical expressions</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu-description_002c-start-115">Menu description, start</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu-entries-with-two-colons-350">Menu entries with two colons</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu-example-353">Menu example</a>: <a href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu-location-338">Menu location</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu-parts-346">Menu parts</a>: <a href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu-writing-343">Menu writing</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menu_002c-master-230">Menu, master</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menus-336">Menus</a>: <a href="#Menus">Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menus-generated-with-indices-267">Menus generated with indices</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Menus_002c-omitting-1105">Menus, omitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-META-key-415">META key</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Meta_002dsyntactic-chars-for-arguments-829">Meta-syntactic chars for arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Methods_002c-object_002doriented-860">Methods, object-oriented</a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Millimeters-580">Millimeters</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Minimal-requirements-for-formatting-1009">Minimal requirements for formatting</a>: <a href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Minimal-Texinfo-file-_0028requirements_0029-72">Minimal Texinfo file (requirements)</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mismatched-HTML-cross_002dreference-source-and-target-1228">Mismatched HTML cross-reference source and target</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mistakes_002c-catching-1289">Mistakes, catching</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mode_002c-using-Texinfo-95">Mode, using Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Monospace-font-454">Monospace font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Margins-on-page_002c-not-controllable-1194">Margins on page, not controllable</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Marking-text-within-a-paragraph-395">Marking text within a paragraph</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Marking-words-and-phrases-393">Marking words and phrases</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Masculine-ordinal-752">Masculine ordinal</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Master-menu-226">Master menu</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-expressions-1018">Mathematical expressions</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-expressions-857">Mathematical expressions</a>: <a href="#math">math</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu-description_002c-start-112">Menu description, start</a>: <a href="#Inserting">Inserting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu-entries-with-two-colons-353">Menu entries with two colons</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu-example-356">Menu example</a>: <a href="#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu-location-340">Menu location</a>: <a href="#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu-parts-349">Menu parts</a>: <a href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu-writing-345">Menu writing</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menu_002c-master-227">Menu, master</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menus-338">Menus</a>: <a href="#Menus">Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menus-generated-with-indices-266">Menus generated with indices</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Menus_002c-omitting-1247">Menus, omitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-META-key-418">META key</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Meta_002dsyntactic-chars-for-arguments-949">Meta-syntactic chars for arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Methods_002c-object_002doriented-980">Methods, object-oriented</a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Object-Oriented Methods</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Millimeters-603">Millimeters</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Minimal-requirements-for-formatting-1142">Minimal requirements for formatting</a>: <a href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Minimal-Texinfo-file-_0028requirements_0029-69">Minimal Texinfo file (requirements)</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Minus-sign-851">Minus sign</a>: <a href="#minus">minus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mismatched-HTML-cross_002dreference-source-and-target-1380">Mismatched HTML cross-reference source and target</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">HTML Xref Mismatch</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mistakes_002c-catching-1451">Mistakes, catching</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mode_002c-using-Texinfo-92">Mode, using Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Monospace-font-471">Monospace font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Mozilla-20">Mozilla</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Multiple-dashes-in-source-60">Multiple dashes in source</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Multiple-spaces-644">Multiple spaces</a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Multitable-column-widths-526">Multitable column widths</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Multitable-rows-532">Multitable rows</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Must-have-in-Texinfo-file-73">Must have in Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mutually-recursive-macros-941">Mutually recursive macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Names-for-indices-614">Names for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Names-of-index-files-981">Names of index files</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Names-of-macros_002c-valid-characters-of-939">Names of macros, valid characters of</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Names-recommended-for-keys-413">Names recommended for keys</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Naming-a-_0060Top_0027-Node-in-references-369">Naming a `Top' Node in references</a>: <a href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NASA_002c-as-acronym-430">NASA, as acronym</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Navigation-bar_002c-in-HTML-output-1207">Navigation bar, in HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Navigation-links_002c-omitting-1106">Navigation links, omitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Need-space-at-page-bottom-812">Need space at page bottom</a>: <a href="#need">need</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Nesting-conditionals-910">Nesting conditionals</a>: <a href="#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-New-index-defining-619">New index defining</a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-New-Info-file_002c-listing-it-in-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-1162">New Info file, listing it in <span class="file">dir</span> file</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-New-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-932">New Texinfo commands, defining</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Multiple-dashes-in-source-57">Multiple dashes in source</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Multiple-spaces-669">Multiple spaces</a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Multitable-column-widths-544">Multitable column widths</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Multitable-rows-550">Multitable rows</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Must-have-in-Texinfo-file-70">Must have in Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Mutually-recursive-macros-1067">Mutually recursive macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Names-for-indices-637">Names for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Names-of-index-files-1108">Names of index files</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Names-of-macros_002c-valid-characters-of-1065">Names of macros, valid characters of</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Names-recommended-for-keys-416">Names recommended for keys</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Naming-a-_0060Top_0027-Node-in-references-372">Naming a `Top' Node in references</a>: <a href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-NASA_002c-as-acronym-436">NASA, as acronym</a>: <a href="#acronym">acronym</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Navigation-bar_002c-in-HTML-output-1358">Navigation bar, in HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Navigation-links_002c-omitting-1248">Navigation links, omitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Need-space-at-page-bottom-932">Need space at page bottom</a>: <a href="#need">need</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Nesting-conditionals-1032">Nesting conditionals</a>: <a href="#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-New-index-defining-642">New index defining</a>: <a href="#New-Indices">New Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-New-Info-file_002c-listing-it-in-_0040file_007bdir_007d-file-1304">New Info file, listing it in <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file</a>: <a href="#New-Info-File">New Info File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-New-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-1058">New Texinfo commands, defining</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Newlines_002c-as-blank-lines-56">Newlines, as blank lines</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Next-node-of-Top-node-327">Next node of Top node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Node-line-requirements-306">Node line requirements</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Node-line-writing-305">Node line writing</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-node-name-expansion_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1221">node name expansion, in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-node-name-expansion_002c-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1372">node name expansion, in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">HTML Xref Node Name Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Node-name-must-be-unique-309">Node name must be unique</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Node-name_002c-should-not-contain-_0040_0040_002dcommands-311">Node name, should not contain @-commands</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Node-names_002c-choosing-302">Node names, choosing</a>: <a href="#Node-Names">Node Names</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Node-names_002c-invalid-characters-in-318">Node names, invalid characters in</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Node-separators_002c-omitting-1104">Node separators, omitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Node_002c-_0060Top_0027-226">Node, `Top'</a>: <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Node_002c-defined-300">Node, defined</a>: <a href="#node">node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Nodes-in-other-Info-files-356">Nodes in other Info files</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Nodes_002c-catching-mistakes-1286">Nodes, catching mistakes</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Nodes_002c-checking-for-badly-referenced-1301">Nodes, checking for badly referenced</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-fixed-792">Non-breakable space, fixed</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-variable-800">Non-breakable space, variable</a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Not-ending-a-sentence-635">Not ending a sentence</a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Numbering-of-floats-547">Numbering of floats</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040ordm_007b_007d-724">º</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Node-separators_002c-omitting-1246">Node separators, omitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Node_002c-_0060Top_0027-223">Node, `Top'</a>: <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Node_002c-defined-299">Node, defined</a>: <a href="#node">node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Nodes-in-other-Info-files-359">Nodes in other Info files</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Nodes_002c-catching-mistakes-1448">Nodes, catching mistakes</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Nodes_002c-checking-for-badly-referenced-1463">Nodes, checking for badly referenced</a>: <a href="#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-fixed-912">Non-breakable space, fixed</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Non_002dbreakable-space_002c-variable-920">Non-breakable space, variable</a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Not-ending-a-sentence-660">Not ending a sentence</a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Numbering-of-floats-565">Numbering of floats</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040ordm_007b_007d-754">º</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> <li><a href="#index-O_0027Dea_002c-Brendan-35">O'Dea, Brendan</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Object_002doriented-programming-850">Object-oriented programming</a>: <a href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1066">Obtaining TeX</a>: <a href="#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Occurrences_002c-listing-with-_0040code_007b_0040_0040occur_007d-1298">Occurrences, listing with <code>@occur</code></a>: <a href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040OE_007b_007d-716">Œ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040oe_007b_007d-714">œ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Omitting-indentation-492">Omitting indentation</a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Optional-and-repeated-arguments-825">Optional and repeated arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Options-for-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1073">Options for <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ordinals_002c-Romance-718">Ordinals, Romance</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ordinary-_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-890">Ordinary TeX commands, using</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Other-Info-files_0027-nodes-357">Other Info files' nodes</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Outline-of-file-structure_002c-showing-it-120">Outline of file structure, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Output-file-splitting-1115">Output file splitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Object_002doriented-programming-970">Object-oriented programming</a>: <a href="#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Oblique-font-469">Oblique font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1203">Obtaining TeX</a>: <a href="#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Occurrences_002c-listing-with-_0040code_007b_0040_0040occur_007d-1460">Occurrences, listing with <code>@occur</code></a>: <a href="#Using-occur">Using occur</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040OE_007b_007d-746">Œ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040oe_007b_007d-744">œ</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Omitting-indentation-510">Omitting indentation</a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Optional-and-repeated-arguments-945">Optional and repeated arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Options-for-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1210">Options for <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ordinals_002c-Romance-748">Ordinals, Romance</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ordinary-_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-1010">Ordinary TeX commands, using</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Other-Info-files_0027-nodes-360">Other Info files' nodes</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Outline-of-file-structure_002c-showing-it-117">Outline of file structure, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Output-file-splitting-1259">Output file splitting</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Output-formats-14">Output formats</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Output-formats_002c-supporting-more-36">Output formats, supporting more</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Overfull-_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d-1026">Overfull <span class="samp">hboxes</span></a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Overfull-_0040samp_007bhboxes_007d-1163">Overfull ‘<samp><span class="samp">hboxes</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Overview-of-Texinfo-3">Overview of Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Owner-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-186">Owner of copyright for FSF works</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-breaks-779">Page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-breaks-806">Page breaks</a>: <a href="#page">page</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-delimiter-in-Texinfo-mode-127">Page delimiter in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-headings-1271">Page headings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-numbering-1270">Page numbering</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-sizes-for-books-1039">Page sizes for books</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Page-sizes_002c-customized-1050">Page sizes, customized</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002ddelimiter-126"><code>page-delimiter</code></a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pages_002c-starting-odd-240">Pages, starting odd</a>: <a href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Paper-size_002c-A4-1043">Paper size, A4</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Paragraph-indentation-control-243">Paragraph indentation control</a>: <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Owner-of-copyright-for-FSF-works-183">Owner of copyright for FSF works</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-breaks-926">Page breaks</a>: <a href="#page">page</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-breaks-892">Page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-delimiter-in-Texinfo-mode-124">Page delimiter in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-headings-1423">Page headings</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-numbering-1422">Page numbering</a>: <a href="#Headings">Headings</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-sizes-for-books-1176">Page sizes for books</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Page-sizes_002c-customized-1187">Page sizes, customized</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-page_002ddelimiter-123"><code>page-delimiter</code></a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pages_002c-starting-odd-239">Pages, starting odd</a>: <a href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Paper-size_002c-A4-1180">Paper size, A4</a>: <a href="#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Paragraph-indentation-control-242">Paragraph indentation control</a>: <a href="#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Paragraph-separator-54">Paragraph separator</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Paragraph_002c-marking-text-within-389">Paragraph, marking text within</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Parameters-to-macros-943">Parameters to macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Paragraph_002c-marking-text-within-392">Paragraph, marking text within</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Parameters-to-macros-1069">Parameters to macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Parentheses-in-nodename-314">Parentheses in nodename</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Parsing-errors-1146">Parsing errors</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Part-of-file-formatting-and-printing-152">Part of file formatting and printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Parts-of-a-cross-reference-365">Parts of a cross reference</a>: <a href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Parts-of-a-master-menu-231">Parts of a master menu</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Parts-of-a-menu-345">Parts of a menu</a>: <a href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Parsing-errors-1288">Parsing errors</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Part-of-file-formatting-and-printing-149">Part of file formatting and printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Parts-of-a-cross-reference-368">Parts of a cross reference</a>: <a href="#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Parts-of-a-master-menu-228">Parts of a master menu</a>: <a href="#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Parts-of-a-menu-348">Parts of a menu</a>: <a href="#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Patches_002c-contributing-9">Patches, contributing</a>: <a href="#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-output-1064">PDF output</a>: <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdf-image-inclusions-583"><code>pdf image inclusions</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PDF-output-1201">PDF output</a>: <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PDF-output-26">PDF output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdfcolor_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1018"><code>pdfcolor.tex</code><span class="roman">, installing</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdftex-1065"><code>pdftex</code></a>: <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdftex-1202"><code>pdftex</code></a>: <a href="#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a></li> <li><a href="#index-pdftex-28"><code>pdftex</code></a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdftex_0040r_007b_002c-and-images_007d-561"><code>pdftex</code><span class="roman">, and images</span></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pdftex_0040r_007b_002c-and-images_007d-580"><code>pdftex</code><span class="roman">, and images</span></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Period-in-nodename-315">Period in nodename</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Periods_002c-inserting-637">Periods, inserting</a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Permissions-text_002c-including-189">Permissions text, including</a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Permissions_002c-printed-207">Permissions, printed</a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bpg_007d-_0028program_0029-index-597"><code>pg</code> (program) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Picas-576">Picas</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pictures_002c-inserting-557">Pictures, inserting</a>: <a href="#Images">Images</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pinard_002c-Fran_0040_002c_007bc_007dois-82">Pinard, François</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Plain-_0040TeX_007b_007d-895">Plain TeX</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Plain-text-output-1100">Plain text output</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Periods_002c-inserting-662">Periods, inserting</a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Permissions-text_002c-including-186">Permissions text, including</a>: <a href="#insertcopying">insertcopying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Permissions_002c-printed-204">Permissions, printed</a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bpg_007d-_0028program_0029-index-620"><code>pg</code> (program) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Picas-599">Picas</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pictures_002c-inserting-575">Pictures, inserting</a>: <a href="#Images">Images</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pinard_002c-Fran_0040_002c_007bc_007dois-79">Pinard, François</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Plain-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1015">Plain TeX</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Plain-text-output-1242">Plain text output</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Plain-text-output-17">Plain text output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PNG-image-format-566">PNG image format</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Point_002c-indicating-in-a-buffer-772">Point, indicating in a buffer</a>: <a href="#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PNG-image-format-588">PNG image format</a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-png-image-format-581"><code>png image format</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Point_002c-indicating-in-a-buffer-885">Point, indicating in a buffer</a>: <a href="#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Pointer-creation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-330">Pointer creation with <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pointer-validation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1136">Pointer validation with <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-988">Pointer validation, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-1118">Pointer validation, suppressing</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Points-_0028dimension_0029-575">Points (dimension)</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Predefined-names-for-indices-611">Predefined names for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Preparing-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1011">Preparing for TeX</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Preventing-first-paragraph-indentation-247">Preventing first paragraph indentation</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Preventing-line-and-page-breaks-776">Preventing line and page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Previous-node-of-Top-node-326">Previous node of Top node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Print-and-format-in-Texinfo-mode-1003">Print and format in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Print_002c-format-from-Emacs-shell-996">Print, format from Emacs shell</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pointer-validation-with-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-1278">Pointer validation with <code>makeinfo</code></a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-1262">Pointer validation, suppressing</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pointer-validation_002c-suppressing-1115">Pointer validation, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Points-_0028dimension_0029-598">Points (dimension)</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pounds-symbol-847">Pounds symbol</a>: <a href="#pounds">pounds</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Predefined-names-for-indices-634">Predefined names for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Preparing-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-1144">Preparing for TeX</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Prev-node-of-Top-node-326">Prev node of Top node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Preventing-first-paragraph-indentation-246">Preventing first paragraph indentation</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Preventing-line-and-page-breaks-889">Preventing line and page breaks</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Print-and-format-in-Texinfo-mode-1136">Print and format in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Print_002c-format-from-Emacs-shell-1129">Print, format from Emacs shell</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Printed-book-and-manual-characteristics-40">Printed book and manual characteristics</a>: <a href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printed-output_002c-indicating-766">Printed output, indicating</a>: <a href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printed-permissions-206">Printed permissions</a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printing-a-region-or-buffer-149">Printing a region or buffer</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printing-an-index-264">Printing an index</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printing-cropmarks-1060">Printing cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printing-DVI-files_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-994">Printing DVI files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows</a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Printing-hardcopy-970">Printing hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Problems_002c-catching-1290">Problems, catching</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Program-names_002c-indicating-425">Program names, indicating</a>: <a href="#command">command</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Prototype-row_002c-column-widths-defined-by-531">Prototype row, column widths defined by</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Quotation-characters-_0028_0060_0027_0029_002c-in-source-57">Quotation characters (`'), in source</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Quotations-460">Quotations</a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ragged-left-491">Ragged left</a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ragged-right-490">Ragged right</a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Raising-and-lowering-sections-296">Raising and lowering sections</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Raw-formatter-commands-888">Raw formatter commands</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-RCS-_0024Id-1247">RCS $Id</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Recommended-names-for-keys-411">Recommended names for keys</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Rectangle_002c-black-in-hardcopy-1032">Rectangle, black in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Recursion_002c-mutual-942">Recursion, mutual</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Recursive-macro-invocations-947">Recursive macro invocations</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Reference-to-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1232">Reference to @-commands</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-References-362">References</a>: <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-381">References using <code>@inforef</code></a>: <a href="#inforef">inforef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-377">References using <code>@pxref</code></a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-372">References using <code>@ref</code></a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-368">References using <code>@xref</code></a>: <a href="#xref">xref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Referring-to-other-Info-files-355">Referring to other Info files</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Region-formatting-and-printing-150">Region formatting and printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Region-printing-in-Texinfo-mode-1001">Region printing in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Reid_002c-Brian-89">Reid, Brian</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Repeated-and-optional-arguments-826">Repeated and optional arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printed-output_002c-indicating-879">Printed output, indicating</a>: <a href="#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printed-permissions-203">Printed permissions</a>: <a href="#Copyright">Copyright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printing-a-region-or-buffer-146">Printing a region or buffer</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printing-an-index-263">Printing an index</a>: <a href="#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printing-cost_002c-reducing-456">Printing cost, reducing</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printing-cropmarks-1197">Printing cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printing-DVI-files_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-1127">Printing DVI files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows</a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Printing-hardcopy-1097">Printing hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Problems_002c-catching-1452">Problems, catching</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Program-names_002c-indicating-428">Program names, indicating</a>: <a href="#command">command</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Prototype-row_002c-column-widths-defined-by-549">Prototype row, column widths defined by</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Quotation-characters-_0028_0060_0027_0029_002c-in-source-762">Quotation characters (`'), in source</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Quotation-marks_002c-French-796">Quotation marks, French</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Quotation-marks_002c-German-798">Quotation marks, German</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Quotation-marks_002c-inserting-761">Quotation marks, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Quotations-476">Quotations</a>: <a href="#quotation">quotation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Quote-characters_002c-inserting-657">Quote characters, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ragged-left-509">Ragged left</a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ragged-right-508">Ragged right</a>: <a href="#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Raising-and-lowering-sections-295">Raising and lowering sections</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Raw-formatter-commands-1008">Raw formatter commands</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-RCS-_0024Id-1399">RCS $Id</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Recommended-names-for-keys-414">Recommended names for keys</a>: <a href="#key">key</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Rectangle_002c-black-in-hardcopy-1169">Rectangle, black in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Recursion_002c-mutual-1068">Recursion, mutual</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Recursive-macro-invocations-1073">Recursive macro invocations</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Reducing-font-size-454">Reducing font size</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Reference-to-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1384">Reference to @-commands</a>: <a href="#Command-List">Command List</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-References-365">References</a>: <a href="#Cross-References">Cross References</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040inforef_007d-384">References using <code>@inforef</code></a>: <a href="#inforef">inforef</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040pxref_007d-380">References using <code>@pxref</code></a>: <a href="#pxref">pxref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040ref_007d-375">References using <code>@ref</code></a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-References-using-_0040code_007b_0040_0040xref_007d-371">References using <code>@xref</code></a>: <a href="#xref">xref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Referring-to-other-Info-files-358">Referring to other Info files</a>: <a href="#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Region-formatting-and-printing-147">Region formatting and printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Region-printing-in-Texinfo-mode-1134">Region printing in Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Registered-symbol-839">Registered symbol</a>: <a href="#registered-symbol">registered symbol</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Reid_002c-Brian-86">Reid, Brian</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Repeated-and-optional-arguments-946">Repeated and optional arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Reporting-bugs-7">Reporting bugs</a>: <a href="#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Required-in-Texinfo-file-74">Required in Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Requirements-for-formatting-1008">Requirements for formatting</a>: <a href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Requirements-for-include-files-1264">Requirements for include files</a>: <a href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Requirements-for-updating-commands-138">Requirements for updating commands</a>: <a href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Reserved-words_002c-indicating-400">Reserved words, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Required-in-Texinfo-file-71">Required in Texinfo file</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Requirements-for-formatting-1141">Requirements for formatting</a>: <a href="#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Requirements-for-include-files-1416">Requirements for include files</a>: <a href="#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Requirements-for-updating-commands-135">Requirements for updating commands</a>: <a href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Reserved-words_002c-indicating-403">Reserved words, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Restrictions-on-node-names-307">Restrictions on node names</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Result-of-an-expression-758">Result of an expression</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ridt_002eeps-584"><code>ridt.eps</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ring-accent-676">Ring accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Roman-font-457">Roman font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Romance-ordinals-717">Romance ordinals</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Rounded-rectangles_002c-around-examples-502">Rounded rectangles, around examples</a>: <a href="#cartouche">cartouche</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Rows_002c-of-a-multitable-533">Rows, of a multitable</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Running-an-Info-formatter-144">Running an Info formatter</a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Running-_0040code_007bInfo_002dvalidate_007d-1306">Running <code>Info-validate</code></a>: <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Running-macros-954">Running macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-Emacs-1140">Running <code>makeinfo</code> in Emacs</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sample-_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-1265">Sample <code>@include</code> file</a>: <a href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sample-function-definition-870">Sample function definition</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-no-comments-1241">Sample Texinfo file, no comments</a>: <a href="#Short-Sample-Texinfo-File">Short Sample Texinfo File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-with-comments-77">Sample Texinfo file, with comments</a>: <a href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sample-Texinfo-files-1240">Sample Texinfo files</a>: <a href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sample-texts_002c-GNU-1243">Sample texts, GNU</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Scaled-points-583">Scaled points</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Scaling-images-569">Scaling images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Schwab_002c-Andreas-86">Schwab, Andreas</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Scribe-88">Scribe</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sea-surges-375">Sea surges</a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Section-structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-118">Section structure of a file, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sections_002c-raising-and-lowering-298">Sections, raising and lowering</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sentence-ending-punctuation-640">Sentence ending punctuation</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sentence-non_002dending-punctuation-636">Sentence non-ending punctuation</a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bSeparate_007d_007d-footnote-style-589"><span class="samp">Separate</span> footnote style</a>: <a href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Result-of-an-expression-871">Result of an expression</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ridt_002eeps-607"><code>ridt.eps</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Right-quotation-marks-777">Right quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-marks-804">Right-pointing angle quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ring-accent-706">Ring accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Roman-font-463">Roman font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Romance-ordinals-747">Romance ordinals</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Rounded-rectangles_002c-around-examples-520">Rounded rectangles, around examples</a>: <a href="#cartouche">cartouche</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Rows_002c-of-a-multitable-551">Rows, of a multitable</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Running-an-Info-formatter-141">Running an Info formatter</a>: <a href="#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Running-_0040code_007bInfo_002dvalidate_007d-1468">Running <code>Info-validate</code></a>: <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Running-macros-1080">Running macros</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-Emacs-1282">Running <code>makeinfo</code> in Emacs</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sample-_0040code_007b_0040_0040include_007d-file-1417">Sample <code>@include</code> file</a>: <a href="#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sample-function-definition-990">Sample function definition</a>: <a href="#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-no-comments-1393">Sample Texinfo file, no comments</a>: <a href="#Short-Sample-Texinfo-File">Short Sample Texinfo File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sample-Texinfo-file_002c-with-comments-74">Sample Texinfo file, with comments</a>: <a href="#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sample-Texinfo-files-1392">Sample Texinfo files</a>: <a href="#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sample-texts_002c-GNU-1395">Sample texts, GNU</a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sans-serif-font-466">Sans serif font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Scaled-points-606">Scaled points</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Scaling-images-592">Scaling images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Schwab_002c-Andreas-83">Schwab, Andreas</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Scribe-85">Scribe</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sea-surges-378">Sea surges</a>: <a href="#ref">ref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Section-structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-115">Section structure of a file, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sections_002c-raising-and-lowering-297">Sections, raising and lowering</a>: <a href="#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sentence-ending-punctuation-665">Sentence ending punctuation</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sentence-non_002dending-punctuation-661">Sentence non-ending punctuation</a>: <a href="#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sentences_002c-spacing-after-677">Sentences, spacing after</a>: <a href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bSeparate_007d_007d-footnote-style-612">‘<samp><span class="samp">Separate</span></samp>’ footnote style</a>: <a href="#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sequence-of-clicks-863">Sequence of clicks</a>: <a href="#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a></li> <li><a href="#index-SGML_002dtools-output-format-37">SGML-tools output format</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sharp-S-728">Sharp S</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shell-formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-977">Shell formatting with <code>tex</code> and <code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shell-printing_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-993">Shell printing, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows</a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-998">Shell, format, print from</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shell_002c-running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-1142">Shell, running <code>makeinfo</code> in</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Short-captions_002c-for-lists-of-floats-551">Short captions, for lists of floats</a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Short-table-of-contents-217">Short table of contents</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Showing-the-section-structure-of-a-file-117">Showing the section structure of a file</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Showing-the-structure-of-a-file-1296">Showing the structure of a file</a>: <a href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Shrubbery-907">Shrubbery</a>: <a href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Site_002dwide-Texinfo-configuration-file-1021">Site-wide Texinfo configuration file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Size-of-printed-book-1040">Size of printed book</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Slanted-typewriter-font_002c-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbd_007d-405">Slanted typewriter font, for <code>@kbd</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Small-book-size-1037">Small book size</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Small-caps-font-444">Small caps font</a>: <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Small-examples-474">Small examples</a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Software-copying-permissions-255">Software copying permissions</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sorting-indices-973">Sorting indices</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sharp-S-758">Sharp S</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shell-formatting-with-_0040code_007btex_007d-and-_0040code_007btexindex_007d-1104">Shell formatting with <code>tex</code> and <code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shell-printing_002c-on-MS_002dDOS_002fMS_002dWindows-1126">Shell printing, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows</a>: <a href="#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shell_002c-format_002c-print-from-1131">Shell, format, print from</a>: <a href="#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shell_002c-running-_0040code_007bmakeinfo_007d-in-1284">Shell, running <code>makeinfo</code> in</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Short-captions_002c-for-lists-of-floats-569">Short captions, for lists of floats</a>: <a href="#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Short-table-of-contents-214">Short table of contents</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Showing-the-section-structure-of-a-file-114">Showing the section structure of a file</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Showing-the-structure-of-a-file-1458">Showing the structure of a file</a>: <a href="#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Shrubbery-1029">Shrubbery</a>: <a href="#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Single-angle-quotation-marks-802">Single angle quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Single-guillemets-800">Single guillemets</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Single-left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-807">Single left-pointing angle quotation mark</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Single-low_002d9-quotation-mark-787">Single low-9 quotation mark</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Single-quotation-marks-774">Single quotation marks</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Single-right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark-808">Single right-pointing angle quotation mark</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Site_002dwide-Texinfo-configuration-file-1158">Site-wide Texinfo configuration file</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Size-of-printed-book-1177">Size of printed book</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Slanted-font-468">Slanted font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Slanted-typewriter-font_002c-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040kbd_007d-408">Slanted typewriter font, for <code>@kbd</code></a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Small-book-size-1174">Small book size</a>: <a href="#smallbook">smallbook</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Small-caps-font-448">Small caps font</a>: <a href="#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Small-examples-492">Small examples</a>: <a href="#small">small</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Small-verbatim-486">Small verbatim</a>: <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Smaller-fonts-455">Smaller fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Software-copying-permissions-254">Software copying permissions</a>: <a href="#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Sorting-indices-1100">Sorting indices</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Source-file-format-13">Source file format</a>: <a href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Source-files_002c-characters-used-53">Source files, characters used</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Space_002c-inserting-horizontal-646">Space, inserting horizontal</a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Space_002c-inserting-vertical-803">Space, inserting vertical</a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Spaces-in-macros-945">Spaces in macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Space_002c-after-sentences-678">Space, after sentences</a>: <a href="#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Space_002c-inserting-horizontal-671">Space, inserting horizontal</a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Space_002c-inserting-vertical-923">Space, inserting vertical</a>: <a href="#sp">sp</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Spaces-in-macros-1071">Spaces in macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Spaces-in-node-name-321">Spaces in node name</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Spaces_002c-in-menus-344">Spaces, in menus</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Spacing_002c-inserting-634">Spacing, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Special-characters_002c-inserting-624">Special characters, inserting</a>: <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Special-displays-539">Special displays</a>: <a href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Special-insertions-623">Special insertions</a>: <a href="#Insertions">Insertions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Special-typesetting-commands-735">Special typesetting commands</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Specifying-index-entries-603">Specifying index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Split-HTML-output-1209">Split HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Splitting-an-Info-file-manually-1313">Splitting an Info file manually</a>: <a href="#Splitting">Splitting</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Splitting-of-output-files-1114">Splitting of output files</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040ss_007b_007d-726">ß</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard-M_002e-78">Stallman, Richard M.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Start-of-header-line-166">Start of header line</a>: <a href="#Start-of-Header">Start of Header</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Starting-chapters-239">Starting chapters</a>: <a href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-119">Structure of a file, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Structure_002c-catching-mistakes-in-1285">Structure, catching mistakes in</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Structuring-of-chapters-271">Structuring of chapters</a>: <a href="#Structuring">Structuring</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Subsection_002dlike-commands-285">Subsection-like commands</a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Subsub-commands-289">Subsub commands</a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Spaces_002c-in-menus-346">Spaces, in menus</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Spacing_002c-inserting-659">Spacing, inserting</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Special-characters_002c-inserting-647">Special characters, inserting</a>: <a href="#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Special-displays-557">Special displays</a>: <a href="#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Special-insertions-646">Special insertions</a>: <a href="#Insertions">Insertions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Special-typesetting-commands-824">Special typesetting commands</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Specifying-index-entries-626">Specifying index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Split-HTML-output-1360">Split HTML output</a>: <a href="#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Splitting-an-Info-file-manually-1475">Splitting an Info file manually</a>: <a href="#Splitting">Splitting</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Splitting-of-output-files-1258">Splitting of output files</a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040ss_007b_007d-756">ß</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard-M_002e-75">Stallman, Richard M.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Start-of-header-line-163">Start of header line</a>: <a href="#Start-of-Header">Start of Header</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Starting-chapters-238">Starting chapters</a>: <a href="#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Structure-of-a-file_002c-showing-it-116">Structure of a file, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Structure_002c-catching-mistakes-in-1447">Structure, catching mistakes in</a>: <a href="#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Structuring-of-chapters-270">Structuring of chapters</a>: <a href="#Structuring">Structuring</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Styles_002c-font-457">Styles, font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Subsection_002dlike-commands-284">Subsection-like commands</a>: <a href="#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Subsub-commands-288">Subsub commands</a>: <a href="#subsubsection">subsubsection</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Suggestions-for-Texinfo_002c-making-6">Suggestions for Texinfo, making</a>: <a href="#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Summary-of-document-235">Summary of document</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Suppressing-first-paragraph-indentation-246">Suppressing first paragraph indentation</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Suppressing-indentation-493">Suppressing indentation</a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Summary-of-document-234">Summary of document</a>: <a href="#documentdescription">documentdescription</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Suppressing-first-paragraph-indentation-245">Suppressing first paragraph indentation</a>: <a href="#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Suppressing-indentation-511">Suppressing indentation</a>: <a href="#noindent">noindent</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Syntactic-conventions-50">Syntactic conventions</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Syntactic-tokens_002c-indicating-397">Syntactic tokens, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Syntax_002c-of-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1234">Syntax, of @-commands</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Syntax_002c-optional-_0026-repeated-arguments-828">Syntax, optional & repeated arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Table-of-contents-215">Table of contents</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Table-of-contents_002c-after-title-page-224">Table of contents, after title page</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Table-of-contents_002c-for-floats-555">Table of contents, for floats</a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tables-and-lists_002c-making-505">Tables and lists, making</a>: <a href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tables-with-indexes-518">Tables with indexes</a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tables_002c-making-multi_002dcolumn-524">Tables, making multi-column</a>: <a href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tables_002c-making-two_002dcolumn-513">Tables, making two-column</a>: <a href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tabs_003b-don_0027t-use_0021-65">Tabs; don't use!</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tag-table_002c-making-automatically-1155">Tag table, making automatically</a>: <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tag-table_002c-making-manually-1312">Tag table, making manually</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Targets-for-cross_002dreferences_002c-arbitrary-335">Targets for cross-references, arbitrary</a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Template-for-a-definition-816">Template for a definition</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-ordinary-889">TeX commands, using ordinary</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040TeX_007b_007d-index-sorting-975">TeX index sorting</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-initialization-1012">TeX input initialization</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-how-to-obtain-1067">TeX, how to obtain</a>: <a href="#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texi2dvi-985"><code>texi2dvi</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texi2dvi-_0040r_007b_0028shell-script_0029_007d-990"><code>texi2dvi </code><span class="roman">(shell script)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texi2roff_0040r_007b_002c-unsupported-software_007d-1316"><code>texi2roff</code><span class="roman">, unsupported software</span></a>: <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texindex-980"><code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texindex-976"><code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-new-933">Texinfo commands, defining new</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-beginning-157">Texinfo file beginning</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-ending-261">Texinfo file ending</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-header-162">Texinfo file header</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-minimum-75">Texinfo file minimum</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-section-structure_002c-showing-it-123">Texinfo file section structure, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-history-91">Texinfo history</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-mode-94">Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Syntactic-tokens_002c-indicating-400">Syntactic tokens, indicating</a>: <a href="#code">code</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Syntax_002c-of-_0040_0040_002dcommands-1386">Syntax, of @-commands</a>: <a href="#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Syntax_002c-optional-_0026-repeated-arguments-948">Syntax, optional & repeated arguments</a>: <a href="#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Table-of-contents-212">Table of contents</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Table-of-contents_002c-after-title-page-221">Table of contents, after title page</a>: <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Table-of-contents_002c-for-floats-573">Table of contents, for floats</a>: <a href="#listoffloats">listoffloats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tables-and-lists_002c-making-523">Tables and lists, making</a>: <a href="#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tables-with-indexes-536">Tables with indexes</a>: <a href="#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tables_002c-making-multi_002dcolumn-542">Tables, making multi-column</a>: <a href="#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tables_002c-making-two_002dcolumn-531">Tables, making two-column</a>: <a href="#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tabs_003b-don_0027t-use_0021-62">Tabs; don't use!</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tag-table_002c-making-automatically-1297">Tag table, making automatically</a>: <a href="#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tag-table_002c-making-manually-1474">Tag table, making manually</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Targets-for-cross_002dreferences_002c-arbitrary-337">Targets for cross-references, arbitrary</a>: <a href="#anchor">anchor</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Template-for-a-definition-936">Template for a definition</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-commands_002c-using-ordinary-1009">TeX commands, using ordinary</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-index-sorting-1102">TeX index sorting</a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-input-initialization-1145">TeX input initialization</a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-logo-834">TeX logo</a>: <a href="#tex">tex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-how-to-obtain-1204">TeX, how to obtain</a>: <a href="#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texi2dvi-1112"><code>texi2dvi</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texi2dvi-_0040r_007b_0028shell-script_0029_007d-1117"><code>texi2dvi </code><span class="roman">(shell script)</span></a>: <a href="#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texi2roff_0040r_007b_002c-unsupported-software_007d-1477"><code>texi2roff</code><span class="roman">, unsupported software</span></a>: <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texindex-1107"><code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texindex-1103"><code>texindex</code></a>: <a href="#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-commands_002c-defining-new-1059">Texinfo commands, defining new</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-beginning-154">Texinfo file beginning</a>: <a href="#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-ending-260">Texinfo file ending</a>: <a href="#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-header-159">Texinfo file header</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-minimum-72">Texinfo file minimum</a>: <a href="#Minimum">Minimum</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-file-section-structure_002c-showing-it-120">Texinfo file section structure, showing it</a>: <a href="#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-history-88">Texinfo history</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-mode-91">Texinfo mode</a>: <a href="#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Texinfo-overview-4">Texinfo overview</a>: <a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Texinfo-printed-book-characteristics-43">Texinfo printed book characteristics</a>: <a href="#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-requires-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-168">Texinfo requires <code>@setfilename</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-requires-_0040code_007b_0040_0040setfilename_007d-165">Texinfo requires <code>@setfilename</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Texinfo_002c-introduction-to-11">Texinfo, introduction to</a>: <a href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002ecnf-174"><code>texinfo.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002ecnf-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-1019"><code>texinfo.cnf </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002ecnf-171"><code>texinfo.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#setfilename">setfilename</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002ecnf-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-1156"><code>texinfo.cnf </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texinfo_002edtd-31"><code>texinfo.dtd</code></a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1016"><code>texinfo.tex</code><span class="roman">, installing</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT-1134"><code>TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-1023"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Text-width-and-height-1051">Text width and height</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Text_002c-conditionally-visible-873">Text, conditionally visible</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Text_002c-marking-up-393">Text, marking up</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Thin-space-between-number_002c-dimension-650">Thin space between number, dimension</a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tie_002dafter-accent-678">Tie-after accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tied-space-799">Tied space</a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tilde-accent-668">Tilde accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-time_002dstamp_002eel-1253"><code>time-stamp.el</code></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tips-1237">Tips</a>: <a href="#Tips">Tips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Title-page-193">Title page</a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Title-page_002c-bastard-198">Title page, bastard</a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Title-page_002c-for-plain-text-191">Title page, for plain text</a>: <a href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Titlepage-end-starts-headings-212">Titlepage end starts headings</a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Top-node-225">Top node</a>: <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Top-node-example-228">Top node example</a>: <a href="#Top-Node-Example">Top Node Example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-texinfo_002etex_0040r_007b_002c-installing_007d-1149"><code>texinfo.tex</code><span class="roman">, installing</span></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXINFO_005fOUTPUT_005fFORMAT-1276"><code>TEXINFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT</code></a>: <a href="#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-1160"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Text-width-and-height-1188">Text width and height</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Text_002c-conditionally-visible-993">Text, conditionally visible</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Text_002c-marking-up-396">Text, marking up</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Thin-space-between-number_002c-dimension-679">Thin space between number, dimension</a>: <a href="#dmn">dmn</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tie_002dafter-accent-708">Tie-after accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tied-space-919">Tied space</a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tilde-accent-698">Tilde accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-time_002dstamp_002eel-1405"><code>time-stamp.el</code></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tips-1389">Tips</a>: <a href="#Tips">Tips</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Title-page-190">Title page</a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Title-page_002c-bastard-195">Title page, bastard</a>: <a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Title-page_002c-for-plain-text-188">Title page, for plain text</a>: <a href="#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Titlepage-end-starts-headings-209">Titlepage end starts headings</a>: <a href="#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Top-node-222">Top node</a>: <a href="#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Top-node-example-225">Top node example</a>: <a href="#Top-Node-Example">Top Node Example</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Top-node-is-first-322">Top node is first</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bTop_007d_007d-node-naming-for-references-370"><span class="samp">Top</span> node naming for references</a>: <a href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007btp_007d-_0028data-type_0029-index-598"><code>tp</code> (data type) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tree-structuring-272">Tree structuring</a>: <a href="#Tree-Structuring">Tree Structuring</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Two-_0060First_0027-Lines-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040deffn_007d-831">Two `First' Lines for <code>@deffn</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Two-letter-names-for-indices-612">Two letter names for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Two-named-items-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040table_007d-522">Two named items for <code>@table</code></a>: <a href="#itemx">itemx</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Two-part-menu-entry-348">Two part menu entry</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040file_007btxi_002d_0040var_007bcc_007d_002etex_007d-915"><span class="file">txi-</span><var>cc</var><span class="file">.tex</span></a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Typesetting-commands-for-dots_002c-etc_002e-736">Typesetting commands for dots, etc.</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Typewriter-font-456">Typewriter font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ugly-black-rectangles-in-hardcopy-1034">Ugly black rectangles in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Umlaut-accent-658">Umlaut accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unbreakable-space_002c-fixed-793">Unbreakable space, fixed</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unbreakable-space_002c-variable-801">Unbreakable space, variable</a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Uncluttered-menu-entry-352">Uncluttered menu entry</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Undefining-macros-951">Undefining macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Underbar-accent-682">Underbar accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Underdot-accent-684">Underdot accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unicode-quotation-characters-58">Unicode quotation characters</a>: <a href="#Conventions">Conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-indicating-436">Uniform resource locator, indicating</a>: <a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-referring-to-384">Uniform resource locator, referring to</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0040r_007bTop_007d_007d-node-naming-for-references-373">‘<samp><span class="samp">Top</span></samp>’ node naming for references</a>: <a href="#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007btp_007d-_0028data-type_0029-index-621"><code>tp</code> (data type) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Transliteration-of-8_002dbit-characters-in-HTML-cross_002dreferences-1378">Transliteration of 8-bit characters in HTML cross-references</a>: <a href="#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">HTML Xref 8-bit Character Expansion</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tree-structuring-271">Tree structuring</a>: <a href="#Tree-Structuring">Tree Structuring</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Two-_0060First_0027-Lines-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040deffn_007d-951">Two `First' Lines for <code>@deffn</code></a>: <a href="#deffnx">deffnx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Two-letter-names-for-indices-635">Two letter names for indices</a>: <a href="#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Two-named-items-for-_0040code_007b_0040_0040table_007d-540">Two named items for <code>@table</code></a>: <a href="#itemx">itemx</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Two-part-menu-entry-351">Two part menu entry</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007btxi_002d_0040var_007bcc_007d_002etex_007d-1039"><samp><span class="file">txi-</span><var>cc</var><span class="file">.tex</span></samp></a>: <a href="#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Typesetting-commands-for-dots_002c-etc_002e-825">Typesetting commands for dots, etc.</a>: <a href="#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Typewriter-font-473">Typewriter font</a>: <a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ugly-black-rectangles-in-hardcopy-1171">Ugly black rectangles in hardcopy</a>: <a href="#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Umlaut-accent-688">Umlaut accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Unbreakable-space_002c-fixed-913">Unbreakable space, fixed</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Unbreakable-space_002c-variable-921">Unbreakable space, variable</a>: <a href="#tie">tie</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Uncluttered-menu-entry-355">Uncluttered menu entry</a>: <a href="#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Undefining-macros-1077">Undefining macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Underbar-accent-712">Underbar accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Underdot-accent-714">Underdot accent</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Underscore_002c-breakpoint-within-_0040code_007b_0040_0040code_007d-909">Underscore, breakpoint within <code>@code</code></a>: <a href="#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Unicode-quotation-characters-763">Unicode quotation characters</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-indicating-440">Uniform resource locator, indicating</a>: <a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Uniform-resource-locator_002c-referring-to-387">Uniform resource locator, referring to</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Unique-nodename-requirement-308">Unique nodename requirement</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unnumbered-float_002c-creating-545">Unnumbered float, creating</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unprocessed-text-70">Unprocessed text</a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unsplit-file-creation-1310">Unsplit file creation</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Unnumbered-float_002c-creating-563">Unnumbered float, creating</a>: <a href="#float">float</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Unprocessed-text-67">Unprocessed text</a>: <a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Unsplit-file-creation-1472">Unsplit file creation</a>: <a href="#Unsplit">Unsplit</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Up-node-of-Top-node-324">Up node of Top node</a>: <a href="#First-Node">First Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-UPDATED-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1251"><code>UPDATED </code><span class="roman">Automake variable</span></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Updating-nodes-and-menus-128">Updating nodes and menus</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Updating-requirements-137">Updating requirements</a>: <a href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-UPDATED-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1403"><code>UPDATED </code><span class="roman">Automake variable</span></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Updating-nodes-and-menus-125">Updating nodes and menus</a>: <a href="#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Updating-requirements-134">Updating requirements</a>: <a href="#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="#index-URI-syntax-for-Info-39">URI syntax for Info</a>: <a href="#Info-Files">Info Files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-indicating-437">URL, indicating</a>: <a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-referring-to-385">URL, referring to</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Usage-tips-1238">Usage tips</a>: <a href="#Tips">Tips</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-User-input-404">User input</a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-User-options_002c-marking-844">User options, marking</a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-User_002ddefined-Texinfo-commands-934">User-defined Texinfo commands</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-indicating-441">URL, indicating</a>: <a href="#indicateurl">indicateurl</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-referring-to-388">URL, referring to</a>: <a href="#uref">uref</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Usage-tips-1390">Usage tips</a>: <a href="#Tips">Tips</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-User-input-407">User input</a>: <a href="#kbd">kbd</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-User-options_002c-marking-964">User options, marking</a>: <a href="#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-User_002ddefined-Texinfo-commands-1060">User-defined Texinfo commands</a>: <a href="#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Using-Texinfo-in-general-10">Using Texinfo in general</a>: <a href="#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Validating-a-large-file-1308">Validating a large file</a>: <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Validation-of-pointers-1137">Validation of pointers</a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Value-of-an-expression_002c-indicating-761">Value of an expression, indicating</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Variables_002c-object_002doriented-851">Variables, object-oriented</a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Verbatim-copying-license-1256">Verbatim copying license</a>: <a href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Verbatim-environment-468">Verbatim environment</a>: <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Verbatim-in_002dline-text-418">Verbatim in-line text</a>: <a href="#verb">verb</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Verbatim_002c-include-file-469">Verbatim, include file</a>: <a href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VERSION-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1252"><code>VERSION </code><span class="roman">Automake variable</span></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Version-control-keywords_002c-preventing-expansion-of-796">Version control keywords, preventing expansion of</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Version-number_002c-for-install_002dinfo-1204">Version number, for install-info</a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Vertically-holding-text-together-810">Vertically holding text together</a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Visibility-of-conditional-text-874">Visibility of conditional text</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-_0040code_007bvr_007d-_0028variable_0029-index-599"><code>vr</code> (variable) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-766">UTF-8</a>: <a href="#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Validating-a-large-file-1470">Validating a large file</a>: <a href="#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Validation-of-pointers-1279">Validation of pointers</a>: <a href="#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Value-of-an-expression_002c-indicating-874">Value of an expression, indicating</a>: <a href="#result">result</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Variables_002c-object_002doriented-971">Variables, object-oriented</a>: <a href="#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Object-Oriented Variables</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Verbatim-copying-license-1408">Verbatim copying license</a>: <a href="#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Verbatim-environment-484">Verbatim environment</a>: <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Verbatim-in_002dline-text-421">Verbatim in-line text</a>: <a href="#verb">verb</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Verbatim_002c-include-file-487">Verbatim, include file</a>: <a href="#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Verbatim_002c-small-485">Verbatim, small</a>: <a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VERSION-_0040r_007bAutomake-variable_007d-1404"><code>VERSION </code><span class="roman">Automake variable</span></a>: <a href="#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Version-control-keywords_002c-preventing-expansion-of-916">Version control keywords, preventing expansion of</a>: <a href="#w">w</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Version-number_002c-for-install_002dinfo-1355">Version number, for install-info</a>: <a href="#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Vertically-holding-text-together-930">Vertically holding text together</a>: <a href="#group">group</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Visibility-of-conditional-text-994">Visibility of conditional text</a>: <a href="#Conditionals">Conditionals</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bvr_007d-_0028variable_0029-index-622"><code>vr</code> (variable) index</a>: <a href="#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a></li> <li><a href="#index-W3-consortium-19">W3 consortium</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Weinberg_002c-Zack-87">Weinberg, Zack</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Weisshaus_002c-Melissa-84">Weisshaus, Melissa</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Weinberg_002c-Zack-84">Weinberg, Zack</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Weisshaus_002c-Melissa-81">Weisshaus, Melissa</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="#index-White-space-in-node-name-320">White space in node name</a>: <a href="#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-White-space_002c-excessive-778">White space, excessive</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Whitespace-in-macros-946">Whitespace in macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Whitespace_002c-collapsed-around-continuations-823">Whitespace, collapsed around continuations</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Whitespace_002c-inserting-645">Whitespace, inserting</a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Width-of-images-570">Width of images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Width-of-text-area-1052">Width of text area</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Widths_002c-defining-multitable-column-528">Widths, defining multitable column</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Wildcards-983">Wildcards</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Words-and-phrases_002c-marking-them-391">Words and phrases, marking them</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Writing-a-menu-342">Writing a menu</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-White-space_002c-excessive-891">White space, excessive</a>: <a href="#Breaks">Breaks</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Whitespace-in-macros-1072">Whitespace in macros</a>: <a href="#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Whitespace_002c-collapsed-around-continuations-943">Whitespace, collapsed around continuations</a>: <a href="#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Whitespace_002c-inserting-670">Whitespace, inserting</a>: <a href="#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Width-of-images-593">Width of images</a>: <a href="#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Width-of-text-area-1189">Width of text area</a>: <a href="#pagesizes">pagesizes</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Widths_002c-defining-multitable-column-546">Widths, defining multitable column</a>: <a href="#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Wildcards-1110">Wildcards</a>: <a href="#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Words-and-phrases_002c-marking-them-394">Words and phrases, marking them</a>: <a href="#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Writing-a-menu-344">Writing a menu</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Writing-an-_0040code_007b_0040_0040node_007d-line-303">Writing an <code>@node</code> line</a>: <a href="#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Writing-index-entries-605">Writing index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Writing-index-entries-628">Writing index entries</a>: <a href="#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a></li> <li><a href="#index-xdvi-25"><code>xdvi</code></a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-XML-output-29">XML output</a>: <a href="#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-XML_002c-including-raw-894">XML, including raw</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-XPM-image-format-562"><code>XPM image format</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Years_002c-in-copyright-line-183">Years, in copyright line</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Zaretskii_002c-Eli-85">Zaretskii, Eli</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Zuhn_002c-David-D_002e-83">Zuhn, David D.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-XML_002c-including-raw-1014">XML, including raw</a>: <a href="#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-XPM-image-format-584"><code>XPM image format</code></a>: <a href="#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Years_002c-in-copyright-line-180">Years, in copyright line</a>: <a href="#copying">copying</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Zaretskii_002c-Eli-82">Zaretskii, Eli</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Zuhn_002c-David-D_002e-80">Zuhn, David D.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li> </ul><div class="footnote"> <hr> <a name="texinfo-footnotes-in-document"></a><h4>Footnotes</h4><p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-1" href="#fnd-1">1</a>]</small> The first syllable of “Texinfo” is pronounced like “speck”, not “hex”. This odd pronunciation is derived from, but is not the same as, the pronunciation of TeX. In the word -TeX, the <span class="samp">X</span> is actually the Greek letter “chi” rather than -the English letter “ex”. Pronounce TeX as if the <span class="samp">X</span> were the -last sound in the name `Bach'; but pronounce Texinfo as if the <span class="samp">x</span> +TeX, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">X</span></samp>’ is actually the Greek letter “chi” rather than +the English letter “ex”. Pronounce TeX as if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">X</span></samp>’ were the +last sound in the name `Bach'; but pronounce Texinfo as if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">x</span></samp>’ were a `k'. Spell “Texinfo” with a capital “T” and the other letters in lower case.</p> @@ -19829,7 +21111,7 @@ pointer. Occasionally, the last child has the node name of the next following higher level node as its `Next' pointer.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-3" href="#fnd-3">3</a>]</small> You can also use the -<a name="index-texi2roff_0040r_007b_002c-unsupported-software_007d-1316"></a><a href="ftp://tug.org/texi2roff.tar.gz"><code>texi2roff</code></a> program if you +<a name="index-texi2roff_0040r_007b_002c-unsupported-software_007d-1477"></a><a href="ftp://tug.org/texi2roff.tar.gz"><code>texi2roff</code></a> program if you do not have TeX; since Texinfo is designed for use with TeX, <code>texi2roff</code> is not described here. <code>texi2roff</code> is not part of the standard GNU distribution and is not maintained or up-to-date with @@ -19865,19 +21147,19 @@ University of Chicago Press.</p> is the sample footnote.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-9" href="#fnd-9">9</a>]</small> Note the use -of the <span class="samp">;</span> character, instead of <span class="samp">:</span>, as directory separator +of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ character, instead of ‘<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>’, as directory separator on these systems.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-10" href="#fnd-10">10</a>]</small> On MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, Info will -try the <span class="file">.inf</span> extension as well.</p> +try the <samp><span class="file">.inf</span></samp> extension as well.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-11" href="#fnd-11">11</a>]</small> Note the -use of <span class="samp">;</span> as the directory separator, and a different syntax for +use of ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ as the directory separator, and a different syntax for using values of other environment variables.</p> <p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="fn-12" href="#fnd-12">12</a>]</small> On MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems, use semi-colon instead.</p> - <p><hr></div> + <hr></div> </body></html> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.pdf Binary files differindex 74d214b6799..3a104cd1615 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/texinfo/texinfo.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html b/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html index 96606579e2e..3d74a3aa9ae 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <title>Web2c: A TeX implementation</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="Web2c: A TeX implementation"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8"> +<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.12"> <link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- @@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> <p>This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It -corresponds to Web2c version 7.5.6, released in -January 2007. +corresponds to Web2c version 7.5.7, released in +July 2008. <ul class="menu"> <li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>: A brief introduction. @@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2> <p><a name="index-introduction-1"></a> -This manual corresponds to version 7.5.6 of Web2c, released in -January 2007. +This manual corresponds to version 7.5.7 of Web2c, released in +July 2008. <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-4"></a><a name="index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5"></a><dfn>Web2c</dfn> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix, but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By @@ -317,12 +317,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <h3 class="section">2.1 <code>configure</code> options</h3> -<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32"></a><a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-33"></a><a name="index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the `<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>' <code>configure</code> arguments that Web2c accepts. Some are +<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32"></a><a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-33"></a><a name="index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>’ <code>configure</code> arguments that Web2c accepts. Some are specific to Web2c, others are generic to all Kpathsea-using programs. <p>For a list of all the options <code>configure</code> accepts, run -`<samp><span class="samp">configure --help</span></samp>'. The generic options are listed first, and the +‘<samp><span class="samp">configure --help</span></samp>’. The generic options are listed first, and the package-specific options come last. <p>For a description of the generic options (which mainly allow you to @@ -330,21 +330,21 @@ specify installation directories) and basic <code>configure</code> usage, see <a href="autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a>, a copy is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/CONFIGURE</span></samp>. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>'<dd>Do not make fmt/base/mem files sharable across different endian +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>’<dd>Do not make fmt/base/mem files sharable across different endian architectures. See <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexmf-default</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexpk-default</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketextfm-default</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-maketextex-default</span></samp>'<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs. See <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. The defaults are the inverse of + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexmf-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexpk-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketextfm-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-maketextex-default</span></samp>’<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs. See <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. The defaults are the inverse of the options, i.e., everything is enabled except <code>mktextex</code>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>'<dd>Build Kpathsea as a shared library. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Shared-library">Shared library</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>’<dd>Build Kpathsea as a shared library. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Shared-library">Shared library</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>'<dd>Change the default editor invoked by the `<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>' interactive command. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>’<dd>Change the default editor invoked by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>’ interactive command. See <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-nextwin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-x-toolkit=KIT</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>'<dd>Define Metafont graphics support; by default, no graphics support is + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-nextwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x-toolkit=KIT</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>’<dd>Define Metafont graphics support; by default, no graphics support is enabled. See <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>dir</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>dir</var></samp>'<dd>Define the locations of the X11 include files and libraries; by default, + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>dir</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>dir</var></samp>’<dd>Define the locations of the X11 include files and libraries; by default, <code>configure</code> does its best to guess). See <a href="autoconf.html#Optional-Features">Optional Features</a>. A copy is in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/CONFIGURE</span></samp>. </dl> @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ section, there are a few things that can be affected at compile-time with C definitions, rather than with <code>configure</code>. Using any of these is unusual. - <p>To specify extra compiler flags (`<samp><span class="samp">-D</span><var>name</var></samp>' in this case), the + <p>To specify extra compiler flags (‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span><var>name</var></samp>’ in this case), the simplest thing to do is: <pre class="example"> make XCFLAGS="<var>ccoptions</var>" </pre> @@ -375,13 +375,13 @@ running <code>configure</code>. See <a href="kpathsea.html#configure-environmen <p>Anyway, here are the possibilities: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-DFIXPT</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-DNO_MF_ASM</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-FIXPT-38"></a><a name="index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39"></a><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40"></a><a name="index-assembly-language-routines-41"></a><a name="index-fraction-routines-42"></a>Use the original WEB fixed-point routines for Metafont and MetaPost +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-DFIXPT</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-DNO_MF_ASM</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-FIXPT-38"></a><a name="index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39"></a><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40"></a><a name="index-assembly-language-routines-41"></a><a name="index-fraction-routines-42"></a>Use the original WEB fixed-point routines for Metafont and MetaPost arithmetic calculations regarding fractions. By default, assembly-language routines are used on x86 hardware with GNU C (unless -`<samp><span class="samp">NO_MF_ASM</span></samp>' is defined), and floating-point routines are used +‘<samp><span class="samp">NO_MF_ASM</span></samp>’ is defined), and floating-point routines are used otherwise. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"></a>Report on various interprocess communication activities. See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"></a>Report on various interprocess communication activities. See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. </dl> <div class="node"> @@ -402,23 +402,23 @@ one containing <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/</span></samp> and <samp><span <samp><span class="file">web2c/</span></samp> directory. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">c-sources</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"></a><a name="index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48"></a>Make only the C files, translated from the Web sources, presumably +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">c-sources</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"></a><a name="index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48"></a>Make only the C files, translated from the Web sources, presumably because you want to take them to a non-Unix machine. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">formats</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">install-formats</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"></a><a name="index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"></a>Make or install all the memory dumps (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). By + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">formats</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-formats</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"></a><a name="index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"></a>Make or install all the memory dumps (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). By default, the standard plain formats plus <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> are made. You can add other formats by redefining the <code>fmts</code>, <code>bases</code>, and <code>mems</code> variables. See the top of <samp><span class="file">web2c/Makefile</span></samp> for the possibilities. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">fmts</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">install-fmts</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"></a><a name="index-install_002dfmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-52"></a>Make or install the TeX <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fmts</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-fmts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"></a><a name="index-install_002dfmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-52"></a>Make or install the TeX <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">bases</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">install-bases</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"></a><a name="index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"></a> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">bases</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-bases</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"></a><a name="index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"></a> Make or install the Metafont <samp><span class="file">.base</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mems</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">install-mems</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"></a><a name="index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"></a>Make or install the MetaPost <samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mems</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-mems</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"></a><a name="index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"></a>Make or install the MetaPost <samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">triptrap</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">trip</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">trap</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">mptrap</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"></a><a name="index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"></a><a name="index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"></a><a name="index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"></a>To run the torture tests for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">triptrap</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">trip</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">trap</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mptrap</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"></a><a name="index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"></a><a name="index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"></a><a name="index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"></a>To run the torture tests for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost (respectively). See the next section. </dl> @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> <p><a name="index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61"></a><a name="index-trip-test-62"></a><a name="index-trap-test-63"></a><a name="index-mptrap-test-64"></a><a name="index-torture-tests-65"></a> <a name="index-tripman_002etex-66"></a><a name="index-trapman_002etex-67"></a><a name="index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"></a>To validate your TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost executables, run -`<samp><span class="samp">make triptrap</span></samp>'. This runs the trip, trap, and mptrap “torture +‘<samp><span class="samp">make triptrap</span></samp>’. This runs the trip, trap, and mptrap “torture tests”. See the files <samp><span class="file">triptrap/tripman.tex</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">triptrap/trapman.tex</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">triptrap/mptrap.readme</span></samp> for detailed information and background on the tests. @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ all acceptable) are: <ul> <li>string usage and table sizes; <li>glue set ratios; -<li>`<samp><span class="samp">down4</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">right4</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">y4</span></samp>' commands in DVItype output; +<li>‘<samp><span class="samp">down4</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">right4</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">y4</span></samp>’ commands in DVItype output; <li>dates and times. </ul> @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ files, you should come up clean. For example and <code>mptrap</code>. <p>To run simple tests for all the programs as well as the torture tests, -run `<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>'. You can compare the output to the distributed +run ‘<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>’. You can compare the output to the distributed file <samp><span class="file">tests/check.log</span></samp> if you like. <div class="node"> @@ -491,16 +491,16 @@ of the distributed <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/texmf.cnf</span></samp>. S interesting values: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">main_memory</span></samp>'<a name="index-main_005fmemory-72"></a><dd>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">main_memory</span></samp>’<a name="index-main_005fmemory-72"></a><dd>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. Must remake the format file after changing. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">extra_mem_bot</span></samp>'<a name="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"></a><dd><a name="index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74"></a><a name="index-glue_002c-memory-for-75"></a><a name="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76"></a><a name="index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77"></a>Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">extra_mem_bot</span></samp>’<a name="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"></a><dd><a name="index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74"></a><a name="index-glue_002c-memory-for-75"></a><a name="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76"></a><a name="index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77"></a>Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, et al. If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to set this. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">font_mem_size</span></samp>'<a name="index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"></a><dd><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79"></a>Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the total + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">font_mem_size</span></samp>’<a name="index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"></a><dd><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79"></a>Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the total size of all TFM files read. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">hash_extra</span></samp>'<a name="index-hash_005fextra-80"></a><dd><a name="index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81"></a><a name="index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82"></a>Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hash_extra</span></samp>’<a name="index-hash_005fextra-80"></a><dd><a name="index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81"></a><a name="index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82"></a>Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references, this might not be enough, and thus you will want to set <code>hash_extra</code>. @@ -557,15 +557,15 @@ have to come before the rest of the arguments. <p><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-91"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-92"></a>As a result, you can: <ul> -<li>use `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>' to start an option name; +<li>use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’ to start an option name; <li>use any unambiguous abbreviation for an option name; - <li>separate option names and values with either `<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>' or one or more + <li>separate option names and values with either ‘<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>’ or one or more spaces; <li><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarting-a-filename_007d-93"></a><a name="index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94"></a>use filenames that would otherwise look like options by putting them -after an option `<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>'. +after an option ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’. </ul> <p>By convention, non-option arguments, if specified, generally define the @@ -575,8 +575,8 @@ name of an input file, as documented for each program. last value that counts. <p>For example, the following command line specifies the options -`<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">verbose</span></samp>'; gives the value `<samp><span class="samp">baz</span></samp>' -to the `<samp><span class="samp">abc</span></samp>' option, and the value `<samp><span class="samp">xyz</span></samp>' to the `<samp><span class="samp">quux</span></samp>' +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">verbose</span></samp>’; gives the value ‘<samp><span class="samp">baz</span></samp>’ +to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">abc</span></samp>’ option, and the value ‘<samp><span class="samp">xyz</span></samp>’ to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">quux</span></samp>’ option; and specifies the filename <samp><span class="file">-myfile-</span></samp>. <pre class="example"> -foo --bar -verb -abc=baz -quux karl --quux xyz -- -myfile- @@ -592,55 +592,55 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a> <h3 class="section">3.2 Common options</h3> -<p><a name="index-common-options-95"></a>All of these programs accept the standard GNU `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' options, and several programs accept -`<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>'. Rather than writing identical descriptions for +<p><a name="index-common-options-95"></a>All of these programs accept the standard GNU ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ options, and several programs accept +‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’. Rather than writing identical descriptions for every program, they are described here. <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"></a><a name="index-help_002c-online-97"></a>Print a usage message listing basic usage and all available options to +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"></a><a name="index-help_002c-online-97"></a>Print a usage message listing basic usage and all available options to standard output, then exit successfully. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"></a><a name="index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99"></a>Print progress reports to standard output. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"></a><a name="index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99"></a>Print progress reports to standard output. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"></a><a name="index-version-number_002c-finding-101"></a>Print the version number to standard output, then exit successfully. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"></a><a name="index-version-number_002c-finding-101"></a>Print the version number to standard output, then exit successfully. </dl> <p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of additional options in common: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"></a><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-no-file-line-error</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"></a><a name="index-changing-error-messages-style-105"></a>Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"></a><a name="index-changing-error-messages-style-105"></a>Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The alternate style looks like error messages from many compilers and is easier to parse for some editors that invoke TeX. This option used -to be called `<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error-style</span></samp>'. +to be called ‘<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error-style</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-base=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mem=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"></a><a name="index-dump-file-109"></a>Use <var>dumpname</var> instead of the program name or a `<samp><span class="samp">%&</span></samp>' line to -determine the name of the memory dump file read (`<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>' for TeX, -`<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>' for Metafont, `<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>' for MetaPost). See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>. Also sets the program name to <var>dumpname</var> if no -`<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>' option was given. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-base=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mem=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"></a><a name="index-dump-file-109"></a>Use <var>dumpname</var> instead of the program name or a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&</span></samp>’ line to +determine the name of the memory dump file read (‘<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>’ for TeX, +‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’ for Metafont, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>’ for MetaPost). See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>. Also sets the program name to <var>dumpname</var> if no +‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>’ option was given. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"></a><a name="index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111"></a>Stop processing and exit when an error occurs, as opposed to the normal + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"></a><a name="index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111"></a>Stop processing and exit when an error occurs, as opposed to the normal process of trying to recover and continue. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dini-112"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-113"></a><a name="index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114"></a>Enable the “initial” form of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>). This is implicitly set if the program name is <code>initex</code> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dini-112"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-113"></a><a name="index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114"></a>Enable the “initial” form of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>). This is implicitly set if the program name is <code>initex</code> resp. <code>inimf</code> resp. <code>inimpost</code>, although these variants are no longer typically installed. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"></a><a name="index-interaction-mode-116"></a>Set the interaction mode from the command line. The <var>string</var> must -be one of `<samp><span class="samp">batchmode</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">nonstopmode</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">scrollmode</span></samp>', or -`<samp><span class="samp">errorstopmode</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"></a><a name="index-interaction-mode-116"></a>Set the interaction mode from the command line. The <var>string</var> must +be one of ‘<samp><span class="samp">batchmode</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">nonstopmode</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">scrollmode</span></samp>’, or +‘<samp><span class="samp">errorstopmode</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"></a><a name="index-job-name-118"></a>Set the job name to <var>string</var>, instead of deriving it from the name + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"></a><a name="index-job-name-118"></a>Set the job name to <var>string</var>, instead of deriving it from the name of the input file. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"></a><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"></a><a name="index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121"></a><a name="index-path-searching-debugging-122"></a>Set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of <var>number</var> + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"></a><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"></a><a name="index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121"></a><a name="index-path-searching-debugging-122"></a>Set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of <var>number</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). You can also specify this in <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> environment variable (for all Web2c programs). -(The command line value overrides.) The most useful value is `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>', +(The command line value overrides.) The most useful value is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’, to get all available output. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory=</span><var>dirname</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124"></a>Specify the directory <var>dirname</var> to which output files are written. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory=</span><var>dirname</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124"></a>Specify the directory <var>dirname</var> to which output files are written. Also look for input files in <var>dirname</var> first, before looking along the normal search path. This is useful when you are in some read-only distribution directory, perhaps on a CD-ROM, and want to TeX some @@ -650,31 +650,31 @@ Note that for input files the “search” in <var>dirname</var> does not use the full generality of the search mechanism. This means that some files are not found there even though you might expect them to be. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-parse-first-line</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"></a><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-no-parse-first-line</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"></a><a name="index-parsing-the-first-line-127"></a>Check or disable checking whether the first line of the main input -file starts with `<samp><span class="samp">%&</span></samp>', and parse it if it does. This line can be + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"></a><a name="index-parsing-the-first-line-127"></a>Check or disable checking whether the first line of the main input +file starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&</span></samp>’, and parse it if it does. This line can be used specify the format and/or a TCX file. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"></a><a name="index-binaries_002c-linking-129"></a><a name="index-linking-binaries-130"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-131"></a>Set program (and memory dump) name to <var>string</var>. This may affect the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"></a><a name="index-binaries_002c-linking-129"></a><a name="index-linking-binaries-130"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-131"></a>Set program (and memory dump) name to <var>string</var>. This may affect the search paths and other values used (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). Using this option is equivalent to making a link named <var>string</var> to the binary and then invoking the binary under that name. See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002drecorder-132"></a><a name="index-file-recorder-133"></a>Enable the filename recorder. This makes the program save a list of the -opened files into a file with (by default) extension `<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>'. For -Omega, this option is always on, and the file has extension `<samp><span class="samp">.ofl</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002drecorder-132"></a><a name="index-file-recorder-133"></a>Enable the filename recorder. This makes the program save a list of the +opened files into a file with (by default) extension ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>’. For +Omega, this option is always on, and the file has extension ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ofl</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"></a><a name="index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"></a><a name="index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137"></a>Use <var>tcxfile</var> to define which characters are printable and translations + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"></a><a name="index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"></a><a name="index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137"></a>Use <var>tcxfile</var> to define which characters are printable and translations between the internal and external character sets. Moreover, <var>tcxfile</var> can be explicitly declared in the first line of the main -input file `<samp><span class="samp">%& -translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>'. +input file ‘<samp><span class="samp">%& -translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’. This is the recommended method for portability reasons. See <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d8bit-138"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-139"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"></a>This option specifies that by default all characters should be -considered printable. If `<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file</span></samp>' was given as well, then the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d8bit-138"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-139"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"></a>This option specifies that by default all characters should be +considered printable. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file</span></samp>’ was given as well, then the TCX file may mark characters as non-printable. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-oem</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doem-141"></a><a name="index-using-local-codepage-to-display-messages-142"></a>This option is specific to Windows. When specified, TeX engines will use the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-oem</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doem-141"></a><a name="index-using-local-codepage-to-display-messages-142"></a>This option is specific to Windows. When specified, TeX engines will use the OEM code page rather than the ANSI one to display their messages. </dl> @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ formatted are therefore documented in the Kpathsea manual <p><a name="index-font-aliases-146"></a><a name="index-aliases-for-fonts-147"></a><a name="index-texfonts_002emap-148"></a>The programs which read fonts make use of another Kpathsea feature: <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>, which allows arbitrary aliases for the actual names -of font files; for example, `<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>' for `<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r.tfm</span></samp>'. +of font files; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ for ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r.tfm</span></samp>’. The distributed (and installed by default) <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> includes aliases for many widely available PostScript fonts by their PostScript names. @@ -722,15 +722,15 @@ Namely, they are placed in the directory current when the program is run, regardless of any input file location; or, in a few cases, output is to standard output. - <p>For example, if you run `<samp><span class="samp">tex /tmp/foo</span></samp>', for example, the output + <p>For example, if you run ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex /tmp/foo</span></samp>’, for example, the output will be in <samp><span class="file">./foo.dvi</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">./foo.log</span></samp>, not <samp><span class="file">/tmp/foo.dvi</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">/tmp/foo.log</span></samp>. - <p><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-152"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-153"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-154"></a>You can use the `<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>' option to cause all output + <p><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-152"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-153"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-154"></a>You can use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’ option to cause all output files that would normally be written in the current directory to be written in the specified directory instead. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-155"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-156"></a>If the current directory is not writable, and `<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-155"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-156"></a>If the current directory is not writable, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’ is not specified, the main programs (TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and BibTeX) make an exception: if the config file value <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set (it is not by default), output files are @@ -777,10 +777,10 @@ executables are no longer created. <p>The initial form is enabled if: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-g_t_002dini-162"></a>the `<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>' option was specified; or +<li><a name="index-g_t_002dini-162"></a>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’ option was specified; or <li>the program name is <samp><span class="file">initex</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">inimf</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">inimpost</span></samp> (these variants are no longer typically installed); or -<li>the first line of the main input file is `<samp><span class="samp">%&ini</span></samp>'; +<li>the first line of the main input file is ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&ini</span></samp>’; </ol> otherwise, the virgin form is used. @@ -841,11 +841,11 @@ example). creating memory dumps: <dl> -<dt>TeX<dd>(`<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>') See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. +<dt>TeX<dd>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. - <br><dt>Metafont<dd>(`<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>') See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. + <br><dt>Metafont<dd>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. - <br><dt>MetaPost<dd>(`<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>') See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>. + <br><dt>MetaPost<dd>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>. </dl> <p>When making memory dumps, the programs read environment variables and @@ -871,18 +871,18 @@ reads a memory dump before processing normal source input. All three programs determine the memory dump to use in the same way: <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>If the first non-option command-line argument begins with `<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>', the +<li>If the first non-option command-line argument begins with ‘<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>’, the program uses the remainder of that argument as the memory dump name. -For example, running `<samp><span class="samp">tex \&super</span></samp>' reads <samp><span class="file">super.fmt</span></samp>. (The -backslash protects the `<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>' against interpretation by the shell.) +For example, running ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex \&super</span></samp>’ reads <samp><span class="file">super.fmt</span></samp>. (The +backslash protects the ‘<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>’ against interpretation by the shell.) - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-178"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-179"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bmem_007d-180"></a>If the `<samp><span class="samp">-fmt</span></samp>' resp. `<samp><span class="samp">-base</span></samp>' resp. `<samp><span class="samp">-mem</span></samp>' option is + <li><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-178"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-179"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bmem_007d-180"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt</span></samp>’ resp. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-base</span></samp>’ resp. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mem</span></samp>’ option is specified, its value is used. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-181"></a>If the `<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>' option is specified, its value is used. + <li><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-181"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>’ option is specified, its value is used. <li><a name="index-g_t_0025_0026-_0040r_007bmagic-number_007d-182"></a>If the first line of the main input file (which must be specified on the -command line, not in response to `<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>') is <code>%&</code><var>dump</var>, and +command line, not in response to ‘<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>’) is <code>%&</code><var>dump</var>, and <var>dump</var> is an existing memory dump of the appropriate type, <var>dump</var> is used. @@ -896,8 +896,8 @@ must be given first. <li><a name="index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump-183"></a><a name="index-links-to-binaries-184"></a>Otherwise, the program uses the program invocation name, most commonly <samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">mf</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">mpost</span></samp>. For example, if -<samp><span class="file">latex</span></samp> is a link to <samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>, and the user runs `<samp><span class="samp">latex -foo</span></samp>', <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> will be used. +<samp><span class="file">latex</span></samp> is a link to <samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>, and the user runs ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex +foo</span></samp>’, <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> will be used. </ol> @@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> architectures of different types; specifically, on machines of different endianness (see <a href="libc.html#Byte-order">Byte order</a>). (This is a feature of the Web2c implementation, and is not true of all TeX -implementations.) If you specify `<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>' to +implementations.) If you specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>’ to <code>configure</code>, however, memory dumps will be endian-dependent. <p><a name="index-byte-swapping-198"></a><a name="index-swapping-bytes-199"></a>The reason to do this is speed. To achieve endian-independence, the @@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ outweighs the speed loss. But if you're installing Web2c for use on LittleEndian machines only, perhaps on a PC being used only by you, you may wish to get maximum speed. - <p><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-values-200"></a><a name="index-glue-ratio-representations-201"></a>TeXnically, even without `<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>', sharing of + <p><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-values-200"></a><a name="index-glue-ratio-representations-201"></a>TeXnically, even without ‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>’, sharing of <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files cannot be guaranteed to work. Floating-point values are always written in native format, and hence will generally not be readable across platforms. Fortunately, TeX uses floating point only @@ -982,14 +982,14 @@ TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost all (by default) stop and ask for user intervention at an error. If the user responds with <kbd>e</kbd> or <kbd>E</kbd>, the program invokes an editor. - <p><a name="index-TEXEDIT-210"></a><a name="index-MFEDIT-211"></a><a name="index-MPEDIT-212"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-213"></a>Specifying `<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>' to <code>configure</code> sets the + <p><a name="index-TEXEDIT-210"></a><a name="index-MFEDIT-211"></a><a name="index-MPEDIT-212"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-213"></a>Specifying ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>’ to <code>configure</code> sets the default editor command string to <var>cmd</var>. The environment variables/configuration values <code>TEXEDIT</code>, <code>MFEDIT</code>, and -<code>MPEDIT</code> (respectively) override this. If `<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor</span></samp>' is +<code>MPEDIT</code> (respectively) override this. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor</span></samp>’ is not specified, the default is <code>vi +%d %s</code>. - <p>In this string, `<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>' is replaced by the line number of the error, -and `<samp><span class="samp">%s</span></samp>' is replaced by the name of the current input file. + <p>In this string, ‘<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>’ is replaced by the line number of the error, +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">%s</span></samp>’ is replaced by the name of the current input file. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -1009,13 +1009,13 @@ primitives: <pre class="example"> \input <var>name</var> % in TeX </pre> <p><a name="index-space_002dterminated-filenames-217"></a><a name="index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-218"></a><a name="index-terminator-for-filenames-219"></a>The file <var>name</var> can always be terminated with whitespace; for -Metafont and MetaPost, the statement terminator `<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>' also works. +Metafont and MetaPost, the statement terminator ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ also works. (LaTeX and other macro packages provide other interfaces to <code>\input</code> that allow different notation; here we are concerned only with the primitive operation.) <p>As of Web2c version 7.5.3, double-quote characters can be used to -include spaces or other special cases. In typical use, the `<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>' +include spaces or other special cases. In typical use, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ characters surround the entire filename: <pre class="example"> \input "filename with spaces" </pre> @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ can enclose any characters, as in: </pre> <p>This quoting mechanism comes into play <em>after</em> TeX has tokenized and expanded the input. So, multiple spaces and tabs may be -seen as a single space, active characters such as `<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>' are +seen as a single space, active characters such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ are expanded first, and so on. (See below.) <p><a name="index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-220"></a><a name="index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-221"></a><a name="index-meta-characters-in-filenames-222"></a>On the other hand, various C library routines and Unix itself use the null @@ -1040,29 +1040,29 @@ In addition, some older Unix variants do not allow eight-bit characters (codes 128–255) in filenames. <p><a name="index-portable-filenames-223"></a>For maximal portability of your document across systems, use only the -characters `<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>'–`<samp><span class="samp">z</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>'–`<samp><span class="samp">9</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>', and +characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’–‘<samp><span class="samp">z</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’–‘<samp><span class="samp">9</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’, and restrict your filenames to at most eight characters (not including the extension), and at most a three-character extension. Do not use anything but simple filenames, since directory separators vary among systems; instead, add the necessary directories to the appropriate search path. - <p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-224"></a><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-225"></a>Finally, the present Web2c implementation does `<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-224"></a><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-225"></a>Finally, the present Web2c implementation does ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ expansion on <var>name</var>, unlike Knuth's original implementation and older versions of Web2c. Thus: <pre class="example"> \input ~jsmith/$foo.bar </pre> <p>will dereference the environment variable or Kpathsea config file value -`<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>' and read that file extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.bar</span></samp>' in user -`<samp><span class="samp">jsmith</span></samp>''s home directory. You can also use braces, as in -`<samp><span class="samp">${foo}bar</span></samp>', if you want to follow the variable name with a letter, -numeral, or `<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ and read that file extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.bar</span></samp>’ in user +‘<samp><span class="samp">jsmith</span></samp>’'s home directory. You can also use braces, as in +‘<samp><span class="samp">${foo}bar</span></samp>’, if you want to follow the variable name with a letter, +numeral, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’. <p>(So another way to get a program to read a filename containing whitespace is to define an environment variable and dereference it.) <p><a name="index-g_t_005cstring-226"></a>In all the common TeX formats (plain TeX, LaTeX, AMSTeX), -the characters `<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>' have special category codes, so to +the characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ have special category codes, so to actually use these in a document you have to change their catcodes or use <code>\string</code>. (The result is unportable anyway, see the suggestions above.) The place where they are most likely to be useful @@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ here) and determine their memory dump (fmt) file in the same way (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending <var>texname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to -`<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running the program. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. <p>After <var>texname</var> is read, TeX processes any remaining <var>tex-commands</var> on the command line as regular TeX input. Also, @@ -1140,11 +1140,11 @@ if the first non-option argument begins with a TeX escape character arguments as a line of regular TeX input. <p>If no arguments or options are specified, TeX prompts for an -input file name with `<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>'. +input file name with ‘<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>’. <p><a name="index-texput-236"></a>TeX writes the main DVI output to the file <samp><var>basetexname</var><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, where <var>basetexname</var> is the basename of -<var>texname</var>, or `<samp><span class="samp">texput</span></samp>' if no input file was specified. A DVI +<var>texname</var>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">texput</span></samp>’ if no input file was specified. A DVI file is a device-independent binary representation of your TeX document. The idea is that after running TeX, you translate the DVI file using a separate program to the commands for a particular output @@ -1164,16 +1164,16 @@ user could run a TeX program that overwrites, say, <samp><span class="file">~/.r (MetaPost has a <code>write</code> primitive with similar implications). To alleviate this, there is a configuration variable <code>openout_any</code>, which selects one of three levels of security. When it is set to -`<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>' (for “any”), no restrictions are imposed. When it is set to -`<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>' (for “restricted”), filenames beginning with `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' are +‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’ (for “any”), no restrictions are imposed. When it is set to +‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ (for “restricted”), filenames beginning with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ are disallowed (except <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> because LaTeX needs it). When it is set -to `<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>' (for “paranoid”) additional restrictions are imposed: an +to ‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’ (for “paranoid”) additional restrictions are imposed: an absolute filename must refer to a file in (a subdirectory) of <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code>, and any attempt to go up a directory level is -forbidden (that is, paths may not contain a `<samp><span class="samp">..</span></samp>' component). The -paranoid setting is the default. (For backwards compatibility, `<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>' -and `<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>' are synonyms of `<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>', while `<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>' are -synonyms for `<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>'.) +forbidden (that is, paths may not contain a ‘<samp><span class="samp">..</span></samp>’ component). The +paranoid setting is the default. (For backwards compatibility, ‘<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>’ +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’ are synonyms of ‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’, while ‘<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’ are +synonyms for ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’.) <p>In any case, all <code>\openout</code> filenames are recorded in the log file, except those opened on the first line of input, which is processed when @@ -1183,65 +1183,65 @@ function <code>openoutnameok</code> in <samp><span class="file">web2c/lib/texmfm to suffice.) <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>'<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denc-247"></a><a name="index-Unicode-input-248"></a><a name="index-UTF_002d8-input-249"></a>Enable encTeX extensions, such as <code>\mubyte</code>. This can be used + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denc-247"></a><a name="index-Unicode-input-248"></a><a name="index-UTF_002d8-input-249"></a>Enable encTeX extensions, such as <code>\mubyte</code>. This can be used to support Unicode UTF-8 input encoding. See <a href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dipc-250"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-251"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-252"></a>With either option, TeX writes its DVI output to a socket as well as -to the usual <samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp> file. With `<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>', TeX also + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dipc-250"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-251"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-252"></a>With either option, TeX writes its DVI output to a socket as well as +to the usual <samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp> file. With ‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>’, TeX also opens a server program at the other end to read the output. See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. - <p>These options are available only if the `<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>' option was + <p>These options are available only if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>’ option was specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-253"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-254"></a>Turn on or off the `<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>' script associated with <var>filetype</var>. -The only values that make sense for <var>filetype</var> are `<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-253"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-254"></a>Turn on or off the ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. +The only values that make sense for <var>filetype</var> are ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmltex-255"></a><a name="index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-256"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-257"></a>If we are <code>INITEX</code> (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), enable MLTeX + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmltex-255"></a><a name="index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-256"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-257"></a>If we are <code>INITEX</code> (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), enable MLTeX extensions such as <code>\charsubdef</code>. Implicitly set if the program name is <code>mltex</code>. See <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-output-comment=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-258"></a><a name="index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-259"></a><a name="index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-260"></a><a name="index-regression-testing-261"></a>Use <var>string</var> as the DVI file comment. Ordinarily, this comment + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-comment=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-258"></a><a name="index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-259"></a><a name="index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-260"></a><a name="index-regression-testing-261"></a>Use <var>string</var> as the DVI file comment. Ordinarily, this comment records the date and time of the TeX run, but if you are doing regression testing, you may not want the DVI file to have this spurious difference. This is also taken from the environment variable and -config file value `<samp><span class="samp">output_comment</span></samp>'. +config file value ‘<samp><span class="samp">output_comment</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-shell-escape</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-262"></a><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-263"></a><a name="index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-264"></a><a name="index-Bourne-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-266"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-267"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-268"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-269"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-270"></a>Enable (or disable) the `<samp><span class="samp">\write18{</span><var>shell-command</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>' + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-shell-escape</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-262"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-263"></a><a name="index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-264"></a><a name="index-Bourne-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-266"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-267"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-268"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-269"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-270"></a>Enable (or disable) the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\write18{</span><var>shell-command</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ feature. This is also enabled if the environment variable or config -file value `<samp><span class="samp">shell_escape</span></samp>' is set to `<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>' (but the -`<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>' command line option overrides this). (For -backwards compatibility, `<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>' are accepted as -synonyms of `<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>'). It is disabled by default to avoid security +file value ‘<samp><span class="samp">shell_escape</span></samp>’ is set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>’ (but the +‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>’ command line option overrides this). (For +backwards compatibility, ‘<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’ are accepted as +synonyms of ‘<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>’). It is disabled by default to avoid security problems. When enabled, the <var>shell-command</var> string (which first -undergoes the usual TeX expansions, just as in `<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>') is +undergoes the usual TeX expansions, just as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’) is passed to the command shell (via the C library function -`<samp><span class="samp">system</span></samp>'). The output of <var>shell-command</var> is not diverted +‘<samp><span class="samp">system</span></samp>’). The output of <var>shell-command</var> is not diverted anywhere, so it will not appear in the log file. The system call -either happens at `<samp><span class="samp">\output</span></samp>' time or right away, according to the -absence or presence of the `<samp><span class="samp">\immediate</span></samp>' prefix, as usual for +either happens at ‘<samp><span class="samp">\output</span></samp>’ time or right away, according to the +absence or presence of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\immediate</span></samp>’ prefix, as usual for <code>\write</code>. (If you as a TeX administrator wish to implement more stringent rules on what can be executed, you will need to modify <samp><span class="file">tex.ch</span></samp>.) - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials-271"></a>This option makes TeX output specific source information using -`<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' commands in the DVI file. These `<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' track + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials-271"></a>This option makes TeX output specific source information using +‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ commands in the DVI file. These ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ track the current file name and line number. - <p>Using the first form of this option, the `<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' commands are + <p>Using the first form of this option, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ commands are inserted automatically. <p>In the second form of the option, <var>string</var> is -a comma separated list of the following values: `<samp><span class="samp">cr</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">display</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">hbox</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">math</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">par</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">parend</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">vbox</span></samp>'. You can use this list to specify where you want TeX to -output such commands. For example, `<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=cr,math</span></samp>' will +a comma separated list of the following values: ‘<samp><span class="samp">cr</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">display</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">hbox</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">math</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">par</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">parend</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">vbox</span></samp>’. You can use this list to specify where you want TeX to +output such commands. For example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=cr,math</span></samp>’ will output source information every line and every math formula. <p>These commands can be used with the appropriate DVI viewer and text @@ -1249,16 +1249,16 @@ editor to switch from the current position in the editor to the same position in the viewer and back from the viewer to the editor. - <p>This option works by inserting `<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' commands into the token + <p>This option works by inserting ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ commands into the token stream, and thus in principle these additional tokens can be recovered or seen by the tricky-enough macros. If you run across a case, let us know, because this counts as a bug. However, such bugs are very hard to fix, requiring significant changes to TeX, so please don't count on it. - <p>Redefining `<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' will not affect the functioning of this + <p>Redefining ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ will not affect the functioning of this option. The commands inserted into the token stream are -hard-coded to always use the `<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>' primitive. +hard-coded to always use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ primitive. <p>TeX does not pass the trip test when this option is enabled. @@ -1276,9 +1276,9 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> <h3 class="section">4.2 Initial TeX</h3> <p><a name="index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-273"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002efmt-274"></a><a name="index-fmt-files-275"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form of TeX is invoked by `<samp><span class="samp">tex -ini</span></samp>'. It +<a name="index-g_t_002efmt-274"></a><a name="index-fmt-files-275"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form of TeX is invoked by ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex -ini</span></samp>’. It does lengthy initializations avoided by the “virgin” (<code>vir</code>) -form, so as to be capable of dumping `<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>' files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, +form, so as to be capable of dumping ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’ files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program <samp><span class="command">initex</span></samp> was installed to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case. @@ -1287,14 +1287,14 @@ no longer the case. <p><a name="index-plain_002efmt-276"></a><a name="index-tex_002efmt-277"></a><a name="index-format-files-278"></a>Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used with TeX. The standard one implementing the features described in the -<cite>TeXbook</cite> is `<samp><span class="samp">plain.fmt</span></samp>', also known as `<samp><span class="samp">tex.fmt</span></samp>' +<cite>TeXbook</cite> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">plain.fmt</span></samp>’, also known as ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex.fmt</span></samp>’ (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if an update to <samp><span class="file">plain.tex</span></samp> is issued): <pre class="example"> tex -ini '\input plain \dump' </pre> <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) -Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.fmt</span></samp> in `<samp><span class="samp">$(fmtdir)</span></samp>' +Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.fmt</span></samp> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(fmtdir)</span></samp>’ (<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link <samp><span class="file">tex.fmt</span></samp> to it. @@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@ into a <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> file (see <a href="#Memory-du widespread use, and the Web2c Makefile has targets to make the versions current at the time of release. You can change which formats are automatically built by setting the <code>fmts</code> Make variable; by default, -only the `<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>' formats are made. +only the ‘<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’ formats are made. <p>You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the CTAN archives in subdirectories of <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/macros</span></samp> (for CTAN info, @@ -1366,8 +1366,8 @@ high-level formatting. The Eplain home page: <a href="http://www.tug.org/eplain">http://www.tug.org/eplain</a>. <br><dt><tt>slitex</tt><dd><a name="index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-291"></a><a name="index-slides_002c-producing-292"></a>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by -the `<samp><span class="samp">slides</span></samp>' document class, along with the `<samp><span class="samp">beamer</span></samp>', -`<samp><span class="samp">texpower</span></samp>', and other packages. +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">slides</span></samp>’ document class, along with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">beamer</span></samp>’, +‘<samp><span class="samp">texpower</span></samp>’, and other packages. </dl> @@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ an accented character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer Modern). Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case. <p>MLTeX works at <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>-creation time: the basic idea is to -specify the `<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>' option to TeX when you <code>\dump</code> a +specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>’ option to TeX when you <code>\dump</code> a format. Then, when you subsequently invoke TeX and read that <code>.fmt</code> file, the MLTeX features described below will be enabled. @@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a> <h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h5> -<p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-306"></a><a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions-307"></a>To help diagnose problems with `<samp><span class="samp">\charsubdef</span></samp>', MLTeX provides a +<p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-306"></a><a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions-307"></a>To help diagnose problems with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\charsubdef</span></samp>’, MLTeX provides a new primitive parameter, <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>. If positive, every use of <code>\charsubdef</code> will be reported. This can help track down when a character is redefined. @@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ ASCII). <p>Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding, TCX files were chosen because they follow Knuth's original ideas for -the use of the `<samp><span class="samp">xchr</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">xord</span></samp>' tables. He ventured that +the use of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xchr</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">xord</span></samp>’ tables. He ventured that these would be changed in the WEB source in order to adjust the actual version to a given environment. It turns out, however, that recompiling the WEB sources is not as simple a task as Knuth may have @@ -1557,9 +1557,9 @@ that an input (keyboard) character maps to more than one character. <li>The best way to specify a TCX file is to list it explicitly in the first line of the main document: <pre class="example"> %& -translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var> - </pre> +</pre> <li>You can also specify a TCX file to be used on a particular TeX run -with the command-line option `<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>'. +with the command-line option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’. <li>TCX files are searched for along the <code>WEB2C</code> path. @@ -1580,9 +1580,9 @@ everything but plain TeX in the TeX Live and other distributions. Thus: <pre class="example"> latex somefile8.tex - => terminal etc. output with 8-bit chars + ⇒ terminal etc. output with 8-bit chars latex --translate-file=empty.tcx somefile8.tex - => terminal etc. output with ^^ notation + ⇒ terminal etc. output with ^^ notation </pre> <p><a name="index-syntax-of-TCX-files-321"></a>Syntax of TCX files: <ol type=1 start=1> @@ -1590,15 +1590,15 @@ Thus: <li><a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-323"></a>Whitespace is ignored except as a separator. - <li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-324"></a>Comments start with `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' and continue to the end of the line. + <li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-324"></a>Comments start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ and continue to the end of the line. <li>Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes, optionally followed by 0 or 1. The last number indicates whether <var>dest</var> is considered printable. <pre class="example"> <var>src</var> [<var>dest</var> [<var>prnt</var>]] - </pre> - <li><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-325"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-326"></a><a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-327"></a><a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-328"></a>Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading `<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>', -hexadecimal with a leading `<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>', or decimal otherwise. Values must +</pre> + <li><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-325"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-326"></a><a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-327"></a><a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-328"></a>Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’, +hexadecimal with a leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>’, or decimal otherwise. Values must be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal). <li>If the <var>dest</var> code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as @@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ definition that counts. <p><a name="index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-329"></a><a name="index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-330"></a>Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with code <var>src</var>, it 1) changes <var>src</var> to <var>dest</var>; and 2) makes the <var>dest</var> code “printable”, i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the -log file rather than in `<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>' notation. +log file rather than in ‘<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>’ notation. <p>By default, no characters are translated, and character codes between 32 and 126 inclusive (decimal) are printable. @@ -1626,17 +1626,17 @@ since TeX uses them in various ways. <var>src</var>, and the output (font) character code for <var>dest</var>. <p><a name="index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-333"></a>By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered printable -by TeX. If you specify the `<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>' option, all characters are -considered printable by default. If you specify both the `<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>' +by TeX. If you specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’ option, all characters are +considered printable by default. If you specify both the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’ option and a TCX file, then the TCX can set specific characters to be non-printable. <p>Both the specified TCX encoding and whether characters are printable are saved in the dump files (like <samp><span class="file">tex.fmt</span></samp>). So by giving these -options in combination with `<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>', you control the defaults seen +options in combination with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’, you control the defaults seen by anyone who uses the resulting dump file. - <p>When loading a dump, if the `<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>' option was given, then all + <p>When loading a dump, if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’ option was given, then all characters become printable by default. <p>When loading a dump, if a TCX file was specified, then the TCX data from @@ -1677,12 +1677,12 @@ written to the file <var>output</var>. <!-- upper case versions, preceded and separated by a delimiter and followed --> <!-- by two consecutive delimiters. The delimiter may be any character not --> <!-- occurring in either version. --> -<p>In addition, Patgen prompts interactively for other values. + <p>In addition, Patgen prompts interactively for other values. <p>For more information, see <cite>Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-puter</cite> by Frank Liang (see <a href="#References">References</a>), and also the <samp><span class="file">patgen.web</span></samp> source file. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -1698,12 +1698,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> <p><a name="index-IPC-337"></a><a name="index-sockets-338"></a>(Sorry, but I'm not going to write this unless someone actually uses this feature. Let me know.) - <p>This functionality is available only if the `<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>' option + <p>This functionality is available only if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>’ option was specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). - <p><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-339"></a>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with `<samp><span class="samp">make -XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>'), TeX will print messages to standard error + <p><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-339"></a>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with ‘<samp><span class="samp">make +XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>’), TeX will print messages to standard error about its socket operations. This may be helpful if you are, well, debugging. @@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ from <a href="http://www.ens.fr/omega">http://www.ens.fr/omega</a> and <samp><va includes primitives for hypertext and micro-typography. Available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/pdftex</span></samp>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">TeX--XeT</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-TeX_002d_002dXeT-348"></a><a name="index-Arabic-typesetting-349"></a><a name="index-right_002dto_002dleft-typesetting-350"></a>Adds primitives and DVI opcodes for right-to-left typesetting (as used + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX--XeT</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TeX_002d_002dXeT-348"></a><a name="index-Arabic-typesetting-349"></a><a name="index-right_002dto_002dleft-typesetting-350"></a>Adds primitives and DVI opcodes for right-to-left typesetting (as used in Arabic, for example). An old version for TeX 3.1415 is available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/systems/knuth/tex--xet</span></samp>. A newer version is included in e-TeX. @@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@ language, see <cite>The Metafontbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">Reference <p><a name="index-g_t_002emf-361"></a><a name="index-Metafont-input-files-362"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts-363"></a><a name="index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-364"></a>Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mfname</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending <var>mfname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mf</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant -paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' +paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. By default, Metafont runs an external program named <samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp> to create any nonexistent Metafont source files you input. You can disable this at configure-time or runtime @@ -1823,7 +1823,7 @@ for the sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size. <p><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-365"></a><a name="index-mfput-366"></a><a name="index-GF-output-367"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-368"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-369"></a>Metafont writes the main GF output to the file <samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="file">gf</span></samp>, where <var>nnn</var> is the font resolution in pixels per inch, and <var>basemfname</var> is the basename of -<var>mfname</var>, or `<samp><span class="samp">mfput</span></samp>' if no input file was specified. A GF file +<var>mfname</var>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">mfput</span></samp>’ if no input file was specified. A GF file contains bitmaps of the actual character shapes. Usually GF files are converted immediately to PK files with GFtoPK (see <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>), since PK files contain equivalent information, but are more compact. (Metafont output in GF format rather than PK for only @@ -1856,13 +1856,13 @@ usual. For example: \myfont Now I am typesetting in my new font (minimum hamburgers). </pre> <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>'<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-376"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-377"></a>Turn on or off the `<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>' script associated with <var>filetype</var>. -The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is `<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>'. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-376"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-377"></a>Turn on or off the ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. +The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>’. </dl> <div class="node"> @@ -1879,19 +1879,19 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> <p><a name="index-initial-Metafont-378"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-initial-379"></a> <a name="index-g_t_002ebase-380"></a><a name="index-base-files-381"></a><code>inimf</code> is the “initial” form of Metafont, which does lengthy initializations avoided by the “virgin” (<code>vir</code>) form, so as to -be capable of dumping `<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>' files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For +be capable of dumping ‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’ files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program <samp><span class="command">inimf</span></samp> was installed to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case. <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>. <p><a name="index-plain_002ebase-382"></a><a name="index-mf_002ebase-383"></a>The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default -`<samp><span class="samp">plain.base</span></samp>', also known as `<samp><span class="samp">mf.base</span></samp>' (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also +‘<samp><span class="samp">plain.base</span></samp>’, also known as ‘<samp><span class="samp">mf.base</span></samp>’ (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if a Metafont update is issued): <pre class="example"> mf -ini '\input plain; input modes; dump' </pre> <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) -Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> in `<samp><span class="samp">$(basedir)</span></samp>' +Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(basedir)</span></samp>’ (<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link <samp><span class="file">mf.base</span></samp> to it. @@ -1992,44 +1992,44 @@ be selected. and the corresponding <code>configure</code> option(s) in parentheses. <dl> -<dt><code>epsf</code><a name="index-epsf-404"></a><dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-405"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002depsfwin-406"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>') Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated +<dt><code>epsf</code><a name="index-epsf-404"></a><dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-405"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002depsfwin-406"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>’) Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated PostScript (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/epsf.c</span></samp>). This device produces an EPS file containing the graphics which would be displayed online on other devices. The name of the EPS file defaults to metafont.eps but can be changed by setting the MFEPSF environment variable to the new filename. Contributed by Mathias Herberts. - <br><dt><code>hp2627</code><a name="index-hp2627-407"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dhp2627win-408"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>') HP2627a color graphics terminals. + <br><dt><code>hp2627</code><a name="index-hp2627-407"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dhp2627win-408"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>’) HP2627a color graphics terminals. - <br><dt><code>mftalk</code><a name="index-mftalk-409"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmftalkwin-410"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>') Generic window server (see + <br><dt><code>mftalk</code><a name="index-mftalk-409"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmftalkwin-410"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>’) Generic window server (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>). - <br><dt><code>next</code><a name="index-next-411"></a><dd><a name="index-DrawingServant-412"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dnext-413"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-next</span></samp>') NeXT window system. This requires a separate + <br><dt><code>next</code><a name="index-next-411"></a><dd><a name="index-DrawingServant-412"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dnext-413"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-next</span></samp>’) NeXT window system. This requires a separate program, called <code>DrawingServant</code>, available separately. See the <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/next.c</span></samp>. - <br><dt><code>regis</code><a name="index-regis-414"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dregiswin-415"></a><a name="index-Regis-graphics-support-416"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>') Regis terminals. + <br><dt><code>regis</code><a name="index-regis-414"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dregiswin-415"></a><a name="index-Regis-graphics-support-416"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>’) Regis terminals. - <br><dt><code>sun</code><a name="index-sun-417"></a><dd><a name="index-SunView-418"></a><a name="index-Suntools-419"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dsuntoolswin-420"></a><a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-421"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>') The old Suntools (not any flavor of X) + <br><dt><code>sun</code><a name="index-sun-417"></a><dd><a name="index-SunView-418"></a><a name="index-Suntools-419"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dsuntoolswin-420"></a><a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-421"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>’) The old Suntools (not any flavor of X) window system. (You can get the even older SunWindows <code>gfx</code> system by using <samp><span class="file">sun-gfx.c</span></samp>.) - <br><dt><code>tek</code><a name="index-tek-422"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-423"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dtektronixwin-424"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>') Tektronix terminals. + <br><dt><code>tek</code><a name="index-tek-422"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-423"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dtektronixwin-424"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>’) Tektronix terminals. - <p><a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon-425"></a><br><dt><code>uniterm</code><a name="index-uniterm-426"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014-427"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dunitermwin-428"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>') Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart + <p><a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon-425"></a><br><dt><code>uniterm</code><a name="index-uniterm-426"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014-427"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dunitermwin-428"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>’) Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart Tektronix 4014 terminal. This may work with regular Tektronix terminals -as well; it's faster than the driver `<samp><span class="samp">--with-tek</span></samp>' selects. +as well; it's faster than the driver ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-tek</span></samp>’ selects. - <p><a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN-429"></a><a name="index-Xt-430"></a><a name="index-Xlib-431"></a><br><dt><code>xterm</code><a name="index-xterm-432"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11win-433"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-434"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11-435"></a>(`<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>') The X window + <p><a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN-429"></a><a name="index-Xt-430"></a><a name="index-Xlib-431"></a><br><dt><code>xterm</code><a name="index-xterm-432"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11win-433"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-434"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx11-435"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>’) The X window system (version 11). <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-436"></a><a name="index-toolkits_002c-X-437"></a><a name="index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-438"></a><a name="index-Xt-support-439"></a><a name="index-Xlib-support-440"></a>There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the Xt toolkit, and another that works directly with Xlib. The Xt support is more efficient and has more functionality, so it is the default. If you -must use the Xlib support, use `<samp><span class="samp">configure --with-x ---with-x-toolkit=no</span></samp>'. +must use the Xlib support, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">configure --with-x +--with-x-toolkit=no</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-X-resources-441"></a><a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-442"></a><a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont-443"></a><a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont-444"></a><a name="index-Metafont-geometry-445"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXdefaults-446"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXresources-447"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-448"></a>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">-geometry</span></samp>') + <p><a name="index-X-resources-441"></a><a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-442"></a><a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont-443"></a><a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont-444"></a><a name="index-Metafont-geometry-445"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXdefaults-446"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXresources-447"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-448"></a>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">-geometry</span></samp>’) on the Metafont command line, but you can specify X resources in your <samp><span class="file">~/.Xdefaults</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">~/.Xresources</span></samp> file. The class name is <code>Metafont</code>. If you're using the Xt support, all the usual X toolkit @@ -2066,14 +2066,14 @@ font designers or Metafont hackers. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> gftodvi [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>[gf] </pre> <p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - <p>The suffix `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>' is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' precedes it: for instance <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. + <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension, no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it; for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. <p>The output filename is the basename of <var>gfname</var> extended with -<samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf</span></samp>' creates +<samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.dvi</span></samp>. <p>The characters from <var>gfname</var> appear one per page in the DVI output, @@ -2094,17 +2094,28 @@ the top of each output page. of the figure. <li><a name="index-slant-font-460"></a><dfn>slant font</dfn> (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise -simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. - - </ul> +simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. +</ul> <p>To change the default fonts, you must use <code>special</code> commands in -your Metafont source file. +your Metafont source file, typically via commands like <code>slantfont +slantlj4</code>. There is no default slant font since no one printer is +suitable as a default. You can make your own by copying one of the +existing files, such as +<samp><span class="file">.../fonts/source/public/misc/slantlj4.mf</span></samp> and then running +<samp><span class="command">mf</span></samp> on it. + + <p>For testing purposes, you may it useful to run <code>mf rtest</code> (hit +RETURN when it stops) to get a <samp><span class="file">gf</span></samp> file of a thorn glyph. Or +use <samp><span class="command">mfw</span></samp> instead of <samp><span class="command">mf</span></samp> to have the glyph(s) +displayed on the screen. After that, <code>gftodvi rtest.2602gf</code> +should produce <samp><span class="file">rtest.dvi</span></samp>, which you process as usual. <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): + <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-overflow-label-offset=</span><var>points</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-461"></a><a name="index-overflow-label-offset-462"></a><a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels-463"></a>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-overflow-label-offset=</span><var>points</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-461"></a><a name="index-overflow-label-offset-462"></a><a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels-463"></a>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX points from the right edge of the character bounding box. The default is a little over two inches (ten million scaled points, to be precise). Overflow equations are used to locate coordinates when their actual @@ -2129,9 +2140,9 @@ typesetting, with the aid of TeX macros defined in the file <pre class="example"> mft [<var>option</var>]... <var>mfname</var>[.mf] </pre> <p>MFT searches the usual places for <var>mfname</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. The output goes to the basename of <var>mfname</var> extended -with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">mft /wherever/foo.mf</span></samp>' creates +with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">mft /wherever/foo.mf</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>. <p>Line breaks in the input are carried over into the output; moreover, @@ -2143,51 +2154,51 @@ independently of the others. <p>Further control is allowed via Metafont comments: <a name="index-comments_002c-MFT-control-469"></a> <ul> -<li>Metafont comments following a single `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' should be valid TeX +<li>Metafont comments following a single ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ should be valid TeX input. But Metafont material can be included within vertical bars in a comment; this will be translated by MFT as if it were regular Metafont -code. For example, a comment like `<samp><span class="samp">% |x2r| is the tip of the bowl</span></samp>' -will be translated into the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">% $x_{2r}$ is the ...</span></samp>', -i.e., the `<samp><span class="samp">x2r</span></samp>' is treated as an identifier. +code. For example, a comment like ‘<samp><span class="samp">% |x2r| is the tip of the bowl</span></samp>’ +will be translated into the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">% $x_{2r}$ is the ...</span></samp>’, +i.e., the ‘<samp><span class="samp">x2r</span></samp>’ is treated as an identifier. - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">%%</span></samp>' indicates that the remainder of an input line should be copied + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">%%</span></samp>’ indicates that the remainder of an input line should be copied verbatim to the output. This is typically used to introduce additional TeX material at the beginning or an MFT job, e.g. code to modify the standard layout or the formatting macros defined in <samp><span class="file">mftmac.tex</span></samp>, -or to add a line saying `<samp><span class="samp">%%\bye</span></samp>' at the end of the job. (MFT +or to add a line saying ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%\bye</span></samp>’ at the end of the job. (MFT doesn't add this automatically in order to allow processing several files produces by MFT in the same TeX job.) - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">%%% </span><var>token1</var> <var>other-tokens</var></samp>' + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">%%% </span><var>token1</var> <var>other-tokens</var></samp>’ introduces a change in MFT's formatting rules; all the <var>other-tokens</var> will henceforth be translated according to the current conventions for <var>token1</var>. The tokens must be symbolic (i.e., not numeric or string tokens). For example, the input line <pre class="example"> %%% addto fill draw filldraw - </pre> - <p class="noindent">says to format the `<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">draw</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">filldraw</span></samp>' -operations of plain Metafont just like the primitive token `<samp><span class="samp">addto</span></samp>', +</pre> + <p class="noindent">says to format the ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">draw</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">filldraw</span></samp>’ +operations of plain Metafont just like the primitive token ‘<samp><span class="samp">addto</span></samp>’, i.e., in boldface type. Without such reformatting commands, MFT would -treat `<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>' like an ordinary tag or variable name. In fact, you -need a `<samp><span class="samp">%%%</span></samp>' command even to get parentheses to act like +treat ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’ like an ordinary tag or variable name. In fact, you +need a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%%</span></samp>’ command even to get parentheses to act like delimiters. - <li>`<samp><span class="samp">%%%%</span></samp>' introduces an MFT comment, i.e., MFT ignores the remainder + <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">%%%%</span></samp>’ introduces an MFT comment, i.e., MFT ignores the remainder of such a line. - <li>Five or more `<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>' signs should not be used. + <li>Five or more ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ signs should not be used. </ul> <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-470"></a>(The above description was edited from <samp><span class="file">mft.web</span></samp>, written by D.E. Knuth<!-- /@w -->.) <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-change=</span><var>chfile</var><span class="samp">[.ch]</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-471"></a><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-472"></a>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-change=</span><var>chfile</var><span class="samp">[.ch]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-471"></a><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-472"></a>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>). - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-style=</span><var>mftfile</var><span class="samp">[.mft]</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-473"></a><a name="index-style-files-474"></a><a name="index-plain_002emft-475"></a>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-style=</span><var>mftfile</var><span class="samp">[.mft]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-473"></a><a name="index-style-files-474"></a><a name="index-plain_002emft-475"></a>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically contains only MFT directives as described above. The default style file is named <samp><span class="file">plain.mft</span></samp>, which defines this properly for programs using plain Metafont. The MFT files is searched along the @@ -2278,7 +2289,7 @@ Synopses: <p><a name="index-g_t_002emp-487"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input-files-488"></a>MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mpname</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending <var>mpname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mp</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant -paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' +paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. <p><a name="index-beginfig-489"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-490"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-491"></a><a name="index-mpout-492"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-493"></a><a name="index-PostScript-output-494"></a>MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files @@ -2286,8 +2297,8 @@ before running the program. <samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp>, very occasionally <samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>), where <var>nnn</var> are the figure numbers specified in the input, typically to the <code>beginfig</code> macro, and -<var>basempname</var> is the basename of <var>mpname</var>, or `<samp><span class="samp">mpout</span></samp>' if no -input file was specified. MetaPost uses the `<samp><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>' extension when +<var>basempname</var> is the basename of <var>mpname</var>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">mpout</span></samp>’ if no +input file was specified. MetaPost uses the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>’ extension when the figure number is out of range, e.g., if you say <code>beginfig(-1)</code>. <p>You can use the output files as figures in a TeX document just as @@ -2310,12 +2321,12 @@ TeX. For example, if you are using LaTeX, your MetaPost input file must start with a <code>verbatimtex</code> block that gives the necessary <code>\documentclass</code> (or <code>\documentstyle</code>) <code>\begin{document}</code> command. You will also need to set the -enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>' (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). +enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). <p><var>tex-input</var> need not be specifically TeX input; it could also be -Troff. In that case, you will need the `<samp><span class="samp">-m pictures</span></samp>' Troff macro +Troff. In that case, you will need the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-m pictures</span></samp>’ Troff macro package (unfortunately absent from many Troff implementations), or an -equivalent such as the `<samp><span class="samp">-m pspic</span></samp>' macros from GNU groff described +equivalent such as the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-m pspic</span></samp>’ macros from GNU groff described in grops(1). <p>Other typesetters can be supported with no change to MetaPost itself; @@ -2346,15 +2357,15 @@ need to be downloaded (see <a href="dvips.html#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>) opens a security hole. See <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>'<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-505"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-506"></a><a name="index-prologues-507"></a>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>, and use + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-505"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-506"></a><a name="index-prologues-507"></a>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>, and use <code>makempx -troff</code> to generate MPX files. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-tex=</span><var>texprogram</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-508"></a>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-tex=</span><var>texprogram</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-508"></a>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to typeset the labels. </dl> @@ -2387,13 +2398,13 @@ issued): <pre class="example"> mpost -ini '\input plain dump' </pre> <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) -Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.mem</span></samp> in `<samp><span class="samp">$(memdir)</span></samp>' +Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.mem</span></samp> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(memdir)</span></samp>’ (<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link <samp><span class="file">mpost.mem</span></samp> to it. <p><a name="index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-516"></a><a name="index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-517"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-518"></a><a name="index-mfplain_002emem-519"></a>MetaPost also provides a mem file with all the features of plain Metafont, called <samp><span class="file">mfplain.mem</span></samp>. You can create that in the same -way; just replace `<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>' in the above command with `<samp><span class="samp">mfplain</span></samp>'. +way; just replace ‘<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>’ in the above command with ‘<samp><span class="samp">mfplain</span></samp>’. <samp><span class="file">mfplain.mem</span></samp> file lets you directly process Metafont source files with MetaPost, producing character proofs (one file for each character) similar to those produced with Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI @@ -2401,8 +2412,8 @@ similar to those produced with Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI <p><a name="index-metafun_002emp-520"></a><a name="index-MetaFun_002c-enhanced-MetaPost-521"></a><a name="index-Pragma-ADE-522"></a>Another MetaPost mem file, named MetaFun, provides many advanced features. It was developed and maintained by Pragma ADE. The home -page for MetaFun, and other MetaPost-related things from Pragma: -<a href="http://www.pragma-ade.com/metapost.htm">http://www.pragma-ade.com/metapost.htm</a>. +page for MetaFun, other MetaPost-related things, and lots more from +Pragma: <a href="http://www.pragma-ade.com/">http://www.pragma-ade.com/</a>. <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2449,9 +2460,9 @@ mistake in the original <var>mpfile</var>, output may be left in files named <samp><span class="file">mpxerr.{log,tex,dvi}</span></samp> (TeX) or <samp><span class="file">mpxerr{,.t}</span></samp> (Troff), so you can diagnose the problem. - <p><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-535"></a><a name="index-prologues-_0040r_007band-Troff-in-MetaPost_007d-536"></a>The `<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>' option to MPto selects the Troff commands, rather than -TeX. MetaPost supplies this automatically if the `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>' or -`<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>' option was specified to MetaPost. + <p><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-535"></a><a name="index-prologues-_0040r_007band-Troff-in-MetaPost_007d-536"></a>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>’ option to MPto selects the Troff commands, rather than +TeX. MetaPost supplies this automatically if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’ or +‘<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>’ option was specified to MetaPost. <p><a name="index-picture-expressions-537"></a><a name="index-mpx-file_002c-defined-538"></a>The MPX file created by MakeMPX is a sequence of MetaPost picture expressions, one for every label in the original MetaPost input file. @@ -2461,40 +2472,40 @@ added to the shell search <code>PATH</code> for the commands' location, are overridden by environment variables. Here is a list: <dl> -<dt><code>MAKEMPX_BINDIR</code><a name="index-MAKEMPX_005fBINDIR-539"></a><dd>The directory added to the <code>PATH</code>. Default is the `<samp><span class="samp">$(bindir)</span></samp>' +<dt><code>MAKEMPX_BINDIR</code><a name="index-MAKEMPX_005fBINDIR-539"></a><dd>The directory added to the <code>PATH</code>. Default is the ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(bindir)</span></samp>’ Make directory, which in turn is set from the configure-time -`<samp><span class="samp">--bindir</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">--exec-prefix</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>' options; if -nothing else is specified, the default is file `<samp><span class="samp">/usr/local</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">--bindir</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--exec-prefix</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>’ options; if +nothing else is specified, the default is file ‘<samp><span class="samp">/usr/local</span></samp>’. <br><dt><code>NEWER</code><a name="index-NEWER-540"></a><dd>The command run to determine if <var>mpxfile</var> is out of date with respect -to <var>mpfile</var>; default is `<samp><span class="samp">newer</span></samp>'. +to <var>mpfile</var>; default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">newer</span></samp>’. <br><dt><code>MPTOTEX</code><a name="index-MPTOTEX-541"></a><dd>The command run to extract MetaPost labels in TeX format; default is -`<samp><span class="samp">mpto -tex</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">mpto -tex</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>MPTOTR</code><a name="index-MPTOTR-542"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is `<samp><span class="samp">mpto -troff</span></samp>'. + <br><dt><code>MPTOTR</code><a name="index-MPTOTR-542"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">mpto -troff</span></samp>’. <br><dt><code>DVITOMP</code><a name="index-DVITOMP-543"></a><dd>The command run to convert TeX output back to MetaPost; default is -`<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>DMP</code><a name="index-DMP-544"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is `<samp><span class="samp">dmp</span></samp>'. + <br><dt><code>DMP</code><a name="index-DMP-544"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">dmp</span></samp>’. <br><dt><code>TEX</code><a name="index-TEX-545"></a><dd>The command run to typeset the labels in TeX; the default is -`<samp><span class="samp">etex</span></samp>', set in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>. If you use LaTeX, set this to +‘<samp><span class="samp">etex</span></samp>’, set in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>. If you use LaTeX, set this to <code>latex</code>, and supply an appropriate <code>verbatimtex</code> header in -the MP source (see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>). Or put `<samp><span class="samp">%&latex</span></samp>' as +the MP source (see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>). Or put ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&latex</span></samp>’ as the first line of your LaTeX source. - <br><dt><code>TROFF</code><a name="index-TROFF-546"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is `<samp><span class="samp">'eqn -d\$\$ | troff -Tpost'</span></samp>'. You -may need to replace `<samp><span class="samp">-Tpost</span></samp>' by `<samp><span class="samp">-T</span><var>term</var></samp>', where + <br><dt><code>TROFF</code><a name="index-TROFF-546"></a><dd>Likewise, for Troff; default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">'eqn -d\$\$ | troff -Tpost'</span></samp>’. You +may need to replace ‘<samp><span class="samp">-Tpost</span></samp>’ by ‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span><var>term</var></samp>’, where <var>term</var> is the PostScript device name for your Troff implementation, -e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">psc</span></samp>'; see troff(1). +e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">psc</span></samp>’; see troff(1). <p>If you change this, you will also need to set the <code>TRFONTS</code> environment variable or configuration value to point to the appropriate font directory, traditionally <samp><span class="file">/usr/lib/font/dev</span><var>term</var></samp>. - <p>One more complication is whether the troff programs have a `<samp><span class="samp">g</span></samp>' + <p>One more complication is whether the troff programs have a ‘<samp><span class="samp">g</span></samp>’ prefix. On Windows, TeX Live supports both ways: <samp><span class="file">makempx.exe</span></samp> is built to use <samp><span class="file">gsoelim.exe</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">geqn.exe</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">gtroff.exe</span></samp>, while @@ -2523,10 +2534,14 @@ so-called MPX file. This program is generally invoked only by MakeMPX <pre class="example"> dvitomp <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] [<var>mpxfile</var>[.mpx]] </pre> <p class="noindent">If <var>mpxfile</var> is not specified, the output goes to the basename of -<var>dvifile</var> extended with <samp><span class="file">.mpx</span></samp>, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp -/wherever/foo.dvi</span></samp>' creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.mpx</span></samp>. +<var>dvifile</var> extended with <samp><span class="file">.mpx</span></samp>, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp +/wherever/foo.dvi</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.mpx</span></samp>. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p><a name="index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-550"></a>DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">color push +</span><var>name</var></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>’, outputting them as <code>withcolor</code> +MetaPost commands. + + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2539,7 +2554,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> <h3 class="section">6.5 DMP: Ditroff to MPX conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-DMP-550"></a><a name="index-ditroff-output_002c-converting-to-MPX-551"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-creating-from-ditroff-output-552"></a> +<p><a name="index-DMP-551"></a><a name="index-ditroff-output_002c-converting-to-MPX-552"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-creating-from-ditroff-output-553"></a> DMP converts device-independent Troff (ditroff) output files into low-level MetaPost commands in a so-called MPX file. This program is generally invoked by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). Synopsis: @@ -2549,17 +2564,17 @@ generally invoked by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocati <p class="noindent">If <var>ditroff-file</var> is not specified, input comes from standard input; and if <var>mpxfile</var> is not specified, output goes to standard output. - <p><a name="index-dpost-553"></a><a name="index-D-_0040var_007bc_007d-_0040r_007bditroff-graphics_007d-554"></a><a name="index-x-X-_0040r_007bditroff-device-control_007d-555"></a><a name="index-SetColor-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-556"></a><a name="index-BeginPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-557"></a><a name="index-DrawPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-558"></a>DMP was written to process the output of a Troff pipeline fed the output + <p><a name="index-dpost-554"></a><a name="index-D-_0040var_007bc_007d-_0040r_007bditroff-graphics_007d-555"></a><a name="index-x-X-_0040r_007bditroff-device-control_007d-556"></a><a name="index-SetColor-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-557"></a><a name="index-BeginPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-558"></a><a name="index-DrawPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-559"></a>DMP was written to process the output of a Troff pipeline fed the output of <code>mpto -troff</code> (see <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a>). DMP understands all -the `<samp><span class="samp">D</span><var>c</var></samp>' graphics functions that <code>dpost</code> does, but it -ignores `<samp><span class="samp">x X</span></samp>' device control functions such as `<samp><span class="samp">x X -SetColor:...</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">x X BeginPath:</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">x X -DrawPath:...</span></samp>'. +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">D</span><var>c</var></samp>’ graphics functions that <code>dpost</code> does, but it +ignores ‘<samp><span class="samp">x X</span></samp>’ device control functions such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">x X +SetColor:...</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">x X BeginPath:</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">x X +DrawPath:...</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-MPSUPPORT-559"></a>The available font names are defined in the support file + <p><a name="index-MPSUPPORT-560"></a>The available font names are defined in the support file <samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp>, which DMP looks for along the <code>MPSUPPORT</code> path. - <p><a name="index-trchars_002eadj-560"></a>Another support file <samp><span class="file">trchars.adj</span></samp>, also looked for along the + <p><a name="index-trchars_002eadj-561"></a>Another support file <samp><span class="file">trchars.adj</span></samp>, also looked for along the <code>MPSUPPORT</code> path, contains a character adjustment table which should reflect the shift amounts found in the standard PostScript prologue for Troff and dpost found in the <code>TRFONTS</code> directory. @@ -2580,26 +2595,26 @@ System V R4, works fine with the default settings. you might have to try the following (this is primarily for hackers): <ul> -<li>If DMP complains about a missing font table (e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">Cannot find -TR</span></samp>'), your Troff may not support the device `<samp><span class="samp">post</span></samp>'. +<li>If DMP complains about a missing font table (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">Cannot find +TR</span></samp>’), your Troff may not support the device ‘<samp><span class="samp">post</span></samp>’. <p>Check troff(1) for the devices supported by your Troff and set the <code>TROFF</code> environment variable appropriately (see above). Also, locate the appropriate font directory and set the <code>TRFONTS</code> variable as needed. - <li>If DMP complains about a missing font description file (e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">Font -TR was not in map file</span></samp>'), your version of Troff may be using internal + <li>If DMP complains about a missing font description file (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">Font +TR was not in map file</span></samp>’), your version of Troff may be using internal font names different from those in the distributed <samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp>; e.g., TR and TI instead of R and I for Times-Roman and Times-Italic. - <p><a name="index-trchars_002eadj-561"></a>In this case, you may have to adapt <samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp> and perhaps also + <p><a name="index-trchars_002eadj-562"></a>In this case, you may have to adapt <samp><span class="file">trfonts.map</span></samp> and perhaps also <samp><span class="file">trchars.adj</span></samp> in the MetaPost support directory (<samp><span class="file">texmf/metapost/support</span></samp> by default). <li>If DMP still complains that it cannot parse the font description files -or the Troff output (e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">TR has a bad line in its description -file</span></samp>', you are probably out of luck and have to hack the DMP program (in +or the Troff output (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">TR has a bad line in its description +file</span></samp>’, you are probably out of luck and have to hack the DMP program (in <samp><span class="file">web2c/mpware/dmp.c</span></samp>). <p>Such problems may be caused by subtle differences in the file @@ -2617,10 +2632,10 @@ with GNU groff are welcome, of course. </ul> - <p><a name="index-dmp_002ec-562"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-563"></a>(Some of the above description was edited from the <samp><span class="file">dmp.c</span></samp> source + <p><a name="index-dmp_002ec-563"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-564"></a>(Some of the above description was edited from the <samp><span class="file">dmp.c</span></samp> source file, written by John Hobby.) - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -2633,8 +2648,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> <h3 class="section">6.6 MPto: Extract labels from MetaPost input</h3> -<p><a name="index-MPto-564"></a><a name="index-labels_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-565"></a><a name="index-captions_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-566"></a><a name="index-text_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-567"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input_002c-extracting-labels-from-568"></a> -<a name="index-btex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-569"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-570"></a><a name="index-verbatimtex-_0040r_007bMetaPost-command_007d-571"></a>MPto extracts the labels from a MetaPost input file; this is the +<p><a name="index-MPto-565"></a><a name="index-labels_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-566"></a><a name="index-captions_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-567"></a><a name="index-text_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-568"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input_002c-extracting-labels-from-569"></a> +<a name="index-btex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-570"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-571"></a><a name="index-verbatimtex-_0040r_007bMetaPost-command_007d-572"></a>MPto extracts the labels from a MetaPost input file; this is the contents of any <code>btex...etex</code> and <code>verbatimtex...etex</code> sections. This program is generally invoked by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). Synopsis: @@ -2646,11 +2661,11 @@ are removed, and various predefined typesetter commands are included at the beginning of and end of the file and of each section. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-572"></a>Surround the MetaPost sections with Troff commands. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-573"></a>Surround the MetaPost sections with Troff commands. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-tex</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex-573"></a>Surround the MetaPost sections with TeX commands. This is the default. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-tex</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex-574"></a>Surround the MetaPost sections with TeX commands. This is the default. </dl> <div class="node"> @@ -2663,7 +2678,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> <h3 class="section">6.7 Newer: Compare file modification times</h3> -<p><a name="index-newer-_0040r_007bfile-comparison_007d-574"></a><a name="index-comparing-file-modification-times-575"></a><a name="index-file-mtimes_002c-comparing-576"></a><a name="index-mtimes-of-files_002c-comparing-577"></a><a name="index-older_002dthan_002c-file-comparisons-578"></a> +<p><a name="index-newer-_0040r_007bfile-comparison_007d-575"></a><a name="index-comparing-file-modification-times-576"></a><a name="index-file-mtimes_002c-comparing-577"></a><a name="index-mtimes-of-files_002c-comparing-578"></a><a name="index-older_002dthan_002c-file-comparisons-579"></a> Newer compares file modification times. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> newer <var>src1</var> [ <var>src2</var> ... <var>srcN</var> ] <var>target</var> @@ -2676,10 +2691,10 @@ exits successfully if the file <var>dependent</var> doesn't exist. See <a href="libc.html#Attribute-Meanings">Attribute Meanings</a>. <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--quiet</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-_0028newer_0029-579"></a>Return result only, do not print any output. -<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0028newer_0029-580"></a>List missing source files to STDERR. This is the default. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--quiet</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-_0028newer_0029-580"></a>Return result only, do not print any output. +<br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0028newer_0029-581"></a>List missing source files to STDERR. This is the default. </dl> <p>This is used by MakeMPX (see <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a>). @@ -2695,7 +2710,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</h2> -<p><a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating-581"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-582"></a> +<p><a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating-582"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-583"></a> BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts. @@ -2714,8 +2729,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a> <h3 class="section">7.1 BibTeX invocation</h3> -<p><a name="index-bibtex-583"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-584"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-585"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-586"></a>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>) file from +<p><a name="index-bibtex-584"></a> +<a name="index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-585"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-586"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-587"></a>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>) file from references in a <samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file, generally written by TeX or LaTeX. The <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file is then incorporated on a subsequent run. The basic bibliographic information comes from <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files, @@ -2724,12 +2739,12 @@ of the <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> bibtex [<var>option</var>]... <var>auxfile</var>[.aux] </pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-587"></a><a name="index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-588"></a>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with -<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>; for example, `<samp><span class="samp">bibtex /wherever/foo.aux</span></samp>' creates + <p><a name="index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-588"></a><a name="index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-589"></a>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with +<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">bibtex /wherever/foo.aux</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.bbl</span></samp>. BibTeX also writes a log file to the basename of -<var>auxfile</var> extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.blg</span></samp>'. +<var>auxfile</var> extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.blg</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliography-589"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-590"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-591"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-592"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-593"></a>The names of the <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files are specified in the + <p><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliography-590"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-591"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-592"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-593"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-594"></a>The names of the <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files are specified in the <samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file as well, via the <samp><span class="file">\bibliography</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">\bibliographystyle</span></samp> (La)TeX macros. BibTeX searches for <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files using the <code>BIBINPUTS</code> and <code>TEXBIB</code> paths, @@ -2737,11 +2752,11 @@ and for <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files using <code>BSTINPUTS< <samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> files. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-terse</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dterse-594"></a><a name="index-terse-output-595"></a><a name="index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-596"></a>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-terse</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dterse-595"></a><a name="index-terse-output-596"></a><a name="index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-597"></a>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-min-crossrefs=</span><var>n</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-597"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-598"></a><a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-599"></a>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-min-crossrefs=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-598"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-599"></a><a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-600"></a>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another entry <var>e</var> via their <code>crossref</code> field, include <var>e</var> in the <tt>.bbl</tt> file, even if it was not explicitly referenced in the <tt>.aux</tt> file. For example, <var>e</var> might be a conference proceedings as a whole, @@ -2753,15 +2768,15 @@ large number. <p>See also: <dl> -<dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex-600"></a>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users. +<dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex-601"></a>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users. - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxhak.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex-601"></a><a name="index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-602"></a>LaTeXable documentation for style designers. + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxhak.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex-602"></a><a name="index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-603"></a>LaTeXable documentation for style designers. - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib-603"></a>BibTeX database file for the two above documents. + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib-604"></a>BibTeX database file for the two above documents. - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xampl.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib-604"></a>Example database file with all the standard entry types. + <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xampl.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib-605"></a>Example database file with all the standard entry types. - <br><dt><samp><span class="file"><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></span></samp><dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-605"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-606"></a><a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography-607"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-608"></a>A very large <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> collection, including + <br><dt><samp><span class="file"><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></span></samp><dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-606"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-607"></a><a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography-608"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-609"></a>A very large <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> collection, including references for all the standard TeX books and a complete bibliography for TUGboat. </dl> @@ -2776,34 +2791,34 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a> <h3 class="section">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</h3> -<p><a name="index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-609"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-610"></a> +<p><a name="index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-610"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-611"></a> Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic BibTeX styles. <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/biblio/bibtex</span></samp> contains these and many more (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). <dl> -<dt><code>plain</code><dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst-611"></a>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels. Generally formatted +<dt><code>plain</code><dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst-612"></a>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels. Generally formatted according to van Leunen's <cite>A Handbook for Scholars</cite>. The other style files listed here are based on <code>plain</code>. - <br><dt><code>abbrv</code><dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst-612"></a>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated. + <br><dt><code>abbrv</code><dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst-613"></a>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated. - <br><dt><code>acm</code><dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst-613"></a>Names are printed in small caps. + <br><dt><code>acm</code><dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst-614"></a>Names are printed in small caps. - <br><dt><code>alpha</code><dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst-614"></a>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">Knu66</span></samp>'. + <br><dt><code>alpha</code><dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst-615"></a>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">Knu66</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>apalike</code><dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst-615"></a>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author. + <br><dt><code>apalike</code><dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst-616"></a>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author. Use this in conjunction with <samp><span class="file">apalike.tex</span></samp> (plain TeX) or <samp><span class="file">apalike.sty</span></samp> (LaTeX), which also changes the citations in the -text to be `<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>author</var><span class="samp">, </span><var>year</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>'. +text to be ‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>author</var><span class="samp">, </span><var>year</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’. - <br><dt><code>ieeetr</code><dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst-616"></a>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <span class="sc">ieee</span> abbreviations, + <br><dt><code>ieeetr</code><dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst-617"></a>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <span class="sc">ieee</span> abbreviations, article titles in quotes. - <br><dt><code>siam</code><dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst-617"></a>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite> + <br><dt><code>siam</code><dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst-618"></a>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite> abbreviations, names in small caps. - <br><dt><code>unsrt</code><dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst-618"></a>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted. + <br><dt><code>unsrt</code><dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst-619"></a>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted. <br><dt><code>btxbst.doc</code><dd>The template file and documentation for the standard styles. @@ -2820,8 +2835,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">8 WEB: Literate programming</h2> -<p><a name="index-WEB-619"></a><a name="index-literate-programming-620"></a> -<a name="index-litprog_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-621"></a><dfn>WEB</dfn> languages allow you to write a single source file that can +<p><a name="index-WEB-620"></a><a name="index-literate-programming-621"></a> +<a name="index-litprog_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-622"></a><dfn>WEB</dfn> languages allow you to write a single source file that can produce both a compilable program and a well-formatted document describing the program in as much detail as you wish to prepare. Writing in this kind of dual-purpose language is called <dfn>literate @@ -2829,7 +2844,7 @@ programming</dfn>. (The Usenet newsgroup <samp><span class="file">comp.programm and the mailing list <a href="mailto:litprog@shsu.edu">litprog@shsu.edu</a> are devoted to this subject; they are gatewayed to each other.) - <p><a name="index-webman_002etex-622"></a><a name="index-Spiderweb-623"></a><a name="index-Cweb-624"></a><a name="index-CWEB-625"></a><a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-626"></a><a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-627"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-628"></a>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base + <p><a name="index-webman_002etex-623"></a><a name="index-Spiderweb-624"></a><a name="index-Cweb-625"></a><a name="index-CWEB-626"></a><a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-627"></a><a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-628"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-629"></a>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base languages: Cweb provides C and Troff (see <a href="#References">References</a>); CWEB provides C and TeX (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/web/c_cpp/cweb</span></samp>); Spiderweb provides C, C++, Awk, Ada, many others, and TeX @@ -2858,45 +2873,45 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a> <h3 class="section">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</h3> -<p><a name="index-tangle-629"></a><a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-630"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-631"></a> +<p><a name="index-tangle-630"></a><a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-631"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-632"></a> Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>). Synopsis: <pre class="example"> tangle [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]] </pre> - <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-632"></a>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended -with `<samp><span class="samp">.p</span></samp>'; for example, `<samp><span class="samp">tangle /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>' creates + <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-633"></a>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended +with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.p</span></samp>’; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tangle /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.p</span></samp>. Tangle applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before writing the output; by default, there is no change file. - <p><a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing-633"></a><a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing-634"></a>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the -string pool to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>'. + <p><a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing-634"></a><a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing-635"></a>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the +string pool to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>’. <p>The Pascal output is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with the only concession to readability being the termination of lines at semicolons when this can be done conveniently. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-length=</span><var>number</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-635"></a><a name="index-identifier-length-636"></a>The number of characters that are considered significant in an +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-length=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-636"></a><a name="index-identifier-length-637"></a>The number of characters that are considered significant in an identifier. Whether underline characters are counted depends on the -`<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>' option. The default value is 32, the original tangle +‘<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>’ option. The default value is 32, the original tangle used 7, but this proved too restrictive for use by Web2c. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlowercase-637"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmixedcase-638"></a><a name="index-g_t_002duppercase-639"></a><a name="index-identifier-case-640"></a>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle. -If `<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>' (`<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>') is specified, tangle will + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlowercase-638"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmixedcase-639"></a><a name="index-g_t_002duppercase-640"></a><a name="index-identifier-case-641"></a>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle. +If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>’ (‘<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>’) is specified, tangle will convert all identfiers to uppercase (lowercase). The default is -`<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>', which specifies that the case will not be changed. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>’, which specifies that the case will not be changed. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dunderline-641"></a><a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines-642"></a>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dunderline-642"></a><a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines-643"></a>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters from identifiers. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dloose-643"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dstrict-644"></a><a name="index-identifier-collisions-645"></a>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking -identifiers for equality. The default is `<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>', which means + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dloose-644"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dstrict-645"></a><a name="index-identifier-collisions-646"></a>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking +identifiers for equality. The default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>’, which means that tangle will follow the rules set by the case-smashing and underline -options above. If `<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>' is set, then identifiers will always +options above. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>’ is set, then identifiers will always be stripped of underlines and converted to uppercase before checking whether they collide. @@ -2913,7 +2928,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a> <h3 class="section">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-weave-646"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-647"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-648"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-649"></a> +<p><a name="index-weave-647"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-648"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-649"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-650"></a> Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), assuming various macros defined in <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>. It takes care of typographic details such as page layout, indentation, and italicizing @@ -2922,15 +2937,15 @@ cross-reference information. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> weave [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]] </pre> - <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-650"></a>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with -`<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>'; for example, `<samp><span class="samp">weave /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>' creates + <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-651"></a>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with +‘<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>’; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">weave /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>. Weave applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before writing the output; by default, there is no change file. <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-651"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-652"></a><a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex-653"></a><a name="index-webmac_002etex-654"></a>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-652"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-653"></a><a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex-654"></a><a name="index-webmac_002etex-655"></a>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module names, and the table of contents (an empty <samp><span class="file">CONTENTS.tex</span></samp> file will still be written when the Weave output file is processed by TeX using the default <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>, though). @@ -2951,7 +2966,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a> <h3 class="section">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</h3> -<p><a name="index-pooltype-655"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool-656"></a><a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-657"></a><a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-658"></a> +<p><a name="index-pooltype-656"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool-657"></a><a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-658"></a><a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-659"></a> Pooltype shows the so-called <dfn>string number</dfn> of each string in a WEB pool file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), as output by Tangle (see <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>), including the first 256 strings corresponding to the possible input characters. Pooltype primarily serves as an example of @@ -2962,7 +2977,7 @@ WEB conventions to implementors of the TeX system. Synopsis: <p class="noindent">No path searching is done for <var>poolfile</var>. Output is to standard output. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <p>As an example of the output, here is the (edited) output for <samp><span class="file">tex.pool</span></samp>: <pre class="example"> 0: "^^@" @@ -2974,8 +2989,8 @@ output. 1314: "Using character substitution: " (23617 characters in all.) </pre> - <p><a name="index-representation-of-strings-659"></a><a name="index-string-representation-660"></a>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually -represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the `<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>' + <p><a name="index-representation-of-strings-660"></a><a name="index-string-representation-661"></a>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually +represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>’ notation. Consider Pooltype as showing the results after conversion for output. @@ -2990,7 +3005,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">9 DVI utilities</h2> -<p><a name="index-DVI-utilities-661"></a> +<p><a name="index-DVI-utilities-662"></a> TeX outputs a file in <dfn>DVI</dfn> (DeVice Independent) format as a compact representation of the original document. DVI files can be translated to meet the requirements of a real physical device, such as @@ -2999,7 +3014,7 @@ printers (see dvilj(1)), and X displays (see xdvi(1)). In fact, DVI translators are available for virtually all common devices: see <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/dviware</span></samp> (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - <p><a name="index-dvitype_002eweb-662"></a><a name="index-DVI-format-definition-663"></a>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the + <p><a name="index-dvitype_002eweb-663"></a><a name="index-DVI-format-definition-664"></a>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the source file <samp><span class="file">web2c/dvitype.web</span></samp>. <p>The DVI-processing programs in the Web2c distribution are not device @@ -3020,7 +3035,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a> <h3 class="section">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</h3> -<p><a name="index-dvicopy-664"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-665"></a> +<p><a name="index-dvicopy-665"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-666"></a> DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts (see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) to base fonts, and writes the resulting DVI file. Thus you can use virtual fonts even if your DVI @@ -3033,18 +3048,18 @@ DVIcopy first. Synopsis: standard output if <var>outdvi</var> is not specified. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-666"></a><a name="index-magnification-667"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-668"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-667"></a><a name="index-magnification-668"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-669"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's <code>\mag</code> parameter. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-669"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-670"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-670"></a><a name="index-starting-page-671"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-672"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-673"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-671"></a><a name="index-starting-page-672"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-673"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-674"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more (signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's -<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; `<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>' -matches anything. Examples: `<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">1.*.-4</span></samp>'. +<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ +matches anything. Examples: ‘<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">1.*.-4</span></samp>’. </dl> <div class="node"> @@ -3057,7 +3072,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a> <h3 class="section">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</h3> -<p><a name="index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-674"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-675"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-676"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-677"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI-678"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-679"></a> +<p><a name="index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-675"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-676"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-677"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-678"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI-679"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-680"></a> DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves as a DVI-validating program, i.e., if DVItype can read a file, it's @@ -3069,23 +3084,23 @@ correct. Synopsis: fonts referenced in <var>dvifile</var>. The usual places are searched (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to -`<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running the program. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. <p>Output goes to standard output. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-dpi=</span><var>real</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-680"></a>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-dpi=</span><var>real</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-681"></a>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default 300.0. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-681"></a><a name="index-magnification-682"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-683"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-682"></a><a name="index-magnification-683"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-684"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's <code>\mag</code> parameter. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-684"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-685"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=</span><var>n</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-685"></a>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4): + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-686"></a>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4): <ul> <li>0: Global document information only. <li>1: Most DVI commands included, and typeset characters summarized. @@ -3095,12 +3110,12 @@ specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's in the file, reading the DVI postamble first. </ul> - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-686"></a><a name="index-starting-page-687"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-688"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-689"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-687"></a><a name="index-starting-page-688"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-689"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-690"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more (signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's -<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; `<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>' -matches anything. Examples: `<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">5.*.-9</span></samp>'. +<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ +matches anything. Examples: ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">5.*.-9</span></samp>’. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-690"></a><a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-691"></a><a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-692"></a><a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities-693"></a>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-691"></a><a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-692"></a><a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-693"></a><a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities-694"></a>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces after the command name. This can help in debugging DVI utilities. We use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in <samp><span class="file">dvitype.web</span></samp>, among others) the opcodes are shown in decimal. @@ -3119,10 +3134,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation <h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 DVItype output example</h4> -<p><a name="index-dvitype-output-example-694"></a>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is +<p><a name="index-dvitype-output-example-695"></a>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is its (abridged) translation of the <samp><span class="file">story.dvi</span></samp> resulting from running the example in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>, with -`<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=4</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>' on. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=4</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>’ on. <pre class="example"> ... Options selected: @@ -3183,16 +3198,16 @@ running the example in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>, with global information about the document, including fonts used. <li>Each DVI command is preceded by its byte position in the file -(`<samp><span class="samp">42:</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">87:</span></samp>', <small class="dots">...</small>), and (because of the -`<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>') followed by its decimal opcode value in braces -(`<samp><span class="samp">{141}</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">{142}</span></samp>', <small class="dots">...</small>). +(‘<samp><span class="samp">42:</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">87:</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>), and (because of the +‘<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>’) followed by its decimal opcode value in braces +(‘<samp><span class="samp">{141}</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{142}</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>). - <li>The `<samp><span class="samp">level</span></samp>' lines record information about the DVI stack; `<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>' -and `<samp><span class="samp">v</span></samp>' define the current position in DVI units, while `<samp><span class="samp">hh</span></samp>' -and `<samp><span class="samp">vv</span></samp>' are the same in pixels. + <li>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">level</span></samp>’ lines record information about the DVI stack; ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">v</span></samp>’ define the current position in DVI units, while ‘<samp><span class="samp">hh</span></samp>’ +and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vv</span></samp>’ are the same in pixels. - <li>Text sequences are summarized in brackets, as in `<samp><span class="samp">[A SHORT -STORY]</span></samp>' and the `<samp><span class="samp">[ 1]</span></samp>'. + <li>Text sequences are summarized in brackets, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">[A SHORT +STORY]</span></samp>’ and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">[ 1]</span></samp>’. </ul> <div class="node"> @@ -3206,13 +3221,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="chapter">10 Font utilities</h2> -<p><a name="index-font-utilities-695"></a> +<p><a name="index-font-utilities-696"></a> The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related font formats; the first section below briefly describes the formats. GFtoPK is the only one that is routinely used, as Metafont outputs GF format, but it's most efficient for device drivers to use PK. - <p><a name="index-pktype_002eweb-696"></a><a name="index-gftype_002eweb-697"></a><a name="index-PK-format-definition-698"></a><a name="index-GF-format-definition-699"></a>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats + <p><a name="index-pktype_002eweb-697"></a><a name="index-gftype_002eweb-698"></a><a name="index-PK-format-definition-699"></a><a name="index-GF-format-definition-700"></a>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats mentioned below are in the source files that read them; <samp><span class="file">pktype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">gftype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">tftopl.web</span></samp>, etc. @@ -3239,7 +3254,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.1 Font file formats</h3> -<p><a name="index-font-file-formats-700"></a><a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts-701"></a> +<p><a name="index-font-file-formats-701"></a><a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts-702"></a> (For another perspective on this, see <a href="dvips.html#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). <p>Font files come in several varieties, with suffixes like: @@ -3247,7 +3262,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> </pre> <p class="noindent">Each represents a file format. - <p><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained-702"></a>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains + <p><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained-703"></a>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains information about each character in a font, about combinations of characters within that font, and about the font as a whole. The font metric information contained in TFM files is device-independent units is @@ -3256,7 +3271,7 @@ described below, TFM font files contain no information about the shapes of characters. They describe rectangular areas and combinations thereof, but not what will eventually be printed in those areas. - <p><a name="index-scaling-of-fonts-703"></a><a name="index-optical-font-scaling-704"></a><a name="index-geometric-font-scaling-705"></a><a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-706"></a>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all + <p><a name="index-scaling-of-fonts-704"></a><a name="index-optical-font-scaling-705"></a><a name="index-geometric-font-scaling-706"></a><a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-707"></a>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all magnifications of a given typeface. On the other hand, the best printed results are obtained when magnified (or reduced fonts) are not produced geometrically (as done by PostScript, for example) but rather optically, @@ -3264,41 +3279,41 @@ with each size a separate design (as done with Computer Modern and the EC fonts, for example); then a separate TFM file is needed for each size. - <p><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained-707"></a>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your + <p><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained-708"></a>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your source document. In order to print DVI files on real devices, you need font files defining digitized character shapes and other data. Then previewers and printer-driver programs can translate your DVI files into something usable by your monitor or printer. Bitmap fonts come with -suffixes such as `<samp><span class="samp">.600pk</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">.600gf</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">.3000pxl</span></samp>', where -the `<samp><span class="samp">600</span></samp>' is the horizontal dots-per-inch resolution at which the -font was produced, and the `<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">pxl</span></samp>' +suffixes such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.600pk</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.600gf</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.3000pxl</span></samp>’, where +the ‘<samp><span class="samp">600</span></samp>’ is the horizontal dots-per-inch resolution at which the +font was produced, and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">pxl</span></samp>’ indicates the font format. Outline fonts in PostScript Type 1 format -have suffixes such as `<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>'. +have suffixes such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’. - <p><a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained-708"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained-709"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained-710"></a>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that + <p><a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained-709"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained-710"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained-711"></a>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that is pretty much the standard today. They take up less space than fonts in the gf (generic font) format that Metafont generates, and far less space than fonts in pxl format. Fonts in pxl format take up gross amounts of disk space and permit only 128 characters. They are obsolete. - <p><a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained-711"></a>Font files with the `<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>' (property list) suffix are the plain text -(human-readable) analog of the binary `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>' files. + <p><a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained-712"></a>Font files with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’ (property list) suffix are the plain text +(human-readable) analog of the binary ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ files. The TFtoPL and PLtoTF programs convert between the two formats (see <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a> and <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>). - <p>Font files with the `<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>' suffix are in Metafont source format. + <p>Font files with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’ suffix are in Metafont source format. These are the files used by Metafont to generate rastered fonts for specific typefaces at specific magnifications for the specific resolution and type of mapping used by your device. - <p><a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-712"></a><a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt-713"></a>The suffix `<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>' identifies “virtual font” files, for which -`<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>' is the human-readable analog. See See <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, + <p><a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-713"></a><a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt-714"></a>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’ identifies “virtual font” files, for which +‘<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>’ is the human-readable analog. See See <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>. For further discussion of virtual fonts, see <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>, <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/help/virtualfonts.txt</span></samp>, and <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>. - <p><a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-714"></a><a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-715"></a>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX + <p><a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-715"></a><a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-716"></a>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.) <div class="node"> @@ -3312,7 +3327,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-gftopk-716"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-717"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-718"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-719"></a> +<p><a name="index-gftopk-717"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-718"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-719"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-720"></a> GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example, Metafont (see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>) to a packed font (PK) file. PK files are considerably smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are @@ -3323,19 +3338,19 @@ Synopsis: <pre class="example"> gftopk [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] [<var>pkfile</var>] </pre> <p class="noindent">The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - <p>The suffix `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>' is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' precedes it: for instance, + <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. <p>If <var>pkfile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename -of `<samp><var>gfname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>', e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">gftopk -/wherever/cmr10.600gf</span></samp>' creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. +of ‘<samp><var>gfname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">gftopk +/wherever/cmr10.600gf</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>', and -`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -3348,7 +3363,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-pktogf-720"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-721"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-722"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-723"></a> +<p><a name="index-pktogf-721"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-722"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-723"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-724"></a> PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file. Since PK format is much more compact than GF format, the most likely reason to do this is to run GFtype (see <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>) on the @@ -3358,19 +3373,19 @@ programs do not support PK format. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> pktogf [<var>option</var>]... <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] [<var>gffile</var>] </pre> <p class="noindent">The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - <p>The suffix `<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>' is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' precedes it: for instance, + <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. <p>If <var>gffile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename -of `<samp><var>pkname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>', e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">pktogf -/wherever/cmr10.600pk</span></samp>' creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. +of ‘<samp><var>pkname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">pktogf +/wherever/cmr10.600pk</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>', and -`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -3383,7 +3398,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</h3> -<p><a name="index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-724"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-725"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-726"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-727"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK-728"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-729"></a> +<p><a name="index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-725"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-726"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-727"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-728"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK-729"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-730"></a> PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves as a PK-validating program, i.e., if PKtype can read a file, it's @@ -3392,20 +3407,20 @@ correct. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> pktype <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] </pre> <p>The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - <p>The suffix `<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>' is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. + <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. <p>The translation is written to standard output. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <p>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) translation of the -letter `K' in `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>', as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode -`<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>' from <a href="modes.mf">modes.mf</a> (available from +letter `K' in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode +‘<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>’ from <a href="modes.mf">modes.mf</a> (available from <samp><span class="file">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</span></samp>). <pre class="smallexample"> 955: Flag byte = 184 Character = 75 Packet length = 174 @@ -3419,23 +3434,23 @@ letter `K' in `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>', as rendered at 600 <p class="noindent">Explanation: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">955</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-byte-position-730"></a>The byte position in the file where this character starts. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">955</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-byte-position-731"></a>The byte position in the file where this character starts. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Flag byte</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Dynamic packing variable</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-flag-byte-731"></a><a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable-732"></a>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Flag byte</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Dynamic packing variable</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-flag-byte-732"></a><a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable-733"></a>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Character</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-733"></a>The character code, in decimal. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Character</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-734"></a>The character code, in decimal. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Packet length</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-packet-length-734"></a>The total length of this character definition, in bytes. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Packet length</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-packet-length-735"></a>The total length of this character definition, in bytes. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">TFM width</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-735"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-736"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-737"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TFM width</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-736"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-737"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-738"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-738"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-739"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-740"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-741"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-739"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-740"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-741"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-742"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of horizontal pixels times 2^16. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Height</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Width</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels-742"></a><a name="index-pixel-height-743"></a><a name="index-pixel-width-744"></a><a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels-745"></a>The bitmap height and width, in pixels. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Height</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Width</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels-743"></a><a name="index-pixel-height-744"></a><a name="index-pixel-width-745"></a><a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels-746"></a>The bitmap height and width, in pixels. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">X-offset</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">Y-offset</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-x-offset-746"></a><a name="index-y-offset-747"></a><a name="index-origin-748"></a><a name="index-reference-pixel-749"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-750"></a><a name="index-left-side-bearing-751"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-752"></a>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">X-offset</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Y-offset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-x-offset-747"></a><a name="index-y-offset-748"></a><a name="index-origin-749"></a><a name="index-reference-pixel-750"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-751"></a><a name="index-left-side-bearing-752"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-753"></a>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the reference (origin) pixel for this character, in pixels (right and down are positive). The <dfn>reference pixel</dfn> is the pixel that occupies the unit square in Metafont; the Metafont reference point is the lower left @@ -3443,7 +3458,7 @@ hand corner of this pixel. Put another way, the x-offset is the negative of the left side bearing; the right side bearing is the horizontal escapement minus the bitmap width plus the x-offset. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">[2]23(16)...</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-753"></a><a name="index-repeated-rows-754"></a>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[2]23(16)...</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-754"></a><a name="index-repeated-rows-755"></a>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row. </dl> @@ -3458,7 +3473,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</h3> -<p><a name="index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-755"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-756"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-757"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-758"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF-759"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-760"></a> +<p><a name="index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-756"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-757"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-758"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-759"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF-760"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-761"></a> GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by Metafont, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves as a GF-validating program, i.e., if GFtype can read a file, @@ -3467,27 +3482,27 @@ it's correct. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> gftype [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] </pre> <p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - <p>The suffix `<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>' is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no `<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>' precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. + <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. <p>The translation is written to standard output. <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dimages-761"></a>Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dimages-762"></a>Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmnemonics-762"></a>Translate all commands in the GF file. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmnemonics-763"></a>Translate all commands in the GF file. </dl> <p>As an example of the output, here is the (abrdiged) translation of the -letter `K' in `<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>', as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode -`<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>' from <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> (available from -<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>), with both `<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>' enabled. +letter `K' in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode +‘<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>’ from <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> (available from +<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>), with both ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>’ enabled. <p>GFtype outputs the information about a character in two places: a main definition and a one-line summary at the end. We show both. Here is the @@ -3527,22 +3542,22 @@ main definition: <p class="noindent">Explanation: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">2033</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">2043</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-byte-position-763"></a>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts. +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">2033</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">2043</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-byte-position-764"></a>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">beginning of char 75</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-764"></a>The character code, in decimal. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">beginning of char 75</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-765"></a>The character code, in decimal. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-765"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-766"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-767"></a>The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally, + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-766"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-767"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-768"></a>The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally, and between 0 and 56 (inclusive) vertically. (m is a column position and n is a row position.) Thus, 3 is the left side bearing. The right side bearing is the horizontal escapement (given below) minus the maximum m. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-768"></a>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-769"></a>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white pixels, etc. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-769"></a>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-770"></a>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">eoc</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-770"></a>The end of the main character definition. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">eoc</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-771"></a>The end of the main character definition. </dl> @@ -3553,16 +3568,16 @@ pixels, etc. <p>Explanation: <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-771"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-772"></a><a name="index-vertical-escapement-773"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical-774"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-775"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-776"></a><a name="index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-777"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of -horizontal pixels times 2^16. The `<samp><span class="samp">(65)</span></samp>' is simply the same number +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-772"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-773"></a><a name="index-vertical-escapement-774"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical-775"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-776"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-777"></a><a name="index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-778"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of +horizontal pixels times 2^16. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">(65)</span></samp>’ is simply the same number rounded. If the vertical escapement is nonzero, it would appear here as -a `<samp><span class="samp">dy</span></samp>' value. +a ‘<samp><span class="samp">dy</span></samp>’ value. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">width</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-778"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-779"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-780"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">width</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-779"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-780"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-781"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size. The -`<samp><span class="samp">64.57289</span></samp>' is the same number converted to pixels. +‘<samp><span class="samp">64.57289</span></samp>’ is the same number converted to pixels. - <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">loc</span></samp>'<dd>The byte position in the file where this character starts. + <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">loc</span></samp>’<dd>The byte position in the file where this character starts. </dl> @@ -3577,7 +3592,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-tftopl-781"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-782"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-783"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-784"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-785"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-786"></a> +<p><a name="index-tftopl-782"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-783"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-784"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-785"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-786"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-787"></a> TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by Metafont, for example) to <dfn>property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized items describing the font) that humans can edit or read. This program is mostly used by @@ -3586,37 +3601,37 @@ Synopsis: <pre class="example"> tftopl [<var>option</var>]... <var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>plfile</var>[.pl]] </pre> - <p>The font <var>tfmname</var> (extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>' if necessary) is + <p>The font <var>tfmname</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ if necessary) is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to `<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - <p>If <var>plfile</var> (which is extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>' if necessary) is not + <p>If <var>plfile</var> (which is extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the property list file is written to standard output. The property list file can be converted back to TFM format by the companion program TFtoPL (see the next section). <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-787"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either -`<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>'. Default is `<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>' for letters and +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-788"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either +‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’. Default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ for letters and digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font's coding -scheme starts with `<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>', all +scheme starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>’, all character codes are output in octal. - <p>In `<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>' format, character codes that correspond to graphic + <p>In ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ format, character codes that correspond to graphic characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a -`<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>' followed by the single character: `<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>', for example. In -octal format, character codes are output as the letter `<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>' followed -by octal digits, as in `<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>' for `<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ followed by the single character: ‘<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>’, for example. In +octal format, character codes are output as the letter ‘<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>’ followed +by octal digits, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>’ for ‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. - <p>`<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>' format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely confusing. </dl> - <p><a name="index-property-list-format-788"></a>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list + <p><a name="index-property-list-format-789"></a>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list translation of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span></samp>: <pre class="example"> (FAMILY CMR) @@ -3669,26 +3684,26 @@ translation of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span></samp>: <dfn>properties</dfn>, nested where necessary. <ul> -<li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-789"></a><a name="index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-790"></a><a name="index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-791"></a>The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are +<li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-790"></a><a name="index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-791"></a><a name="index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-792"></a>The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are the so-called <dfn>headerbyte</dfn> information from Metafont, giving general information about the font. - <li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-792"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfontdimen-793"></a>The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code> + <li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-793"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfontdimen-794"></a>The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code> values. - <li><a name="index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-794"></a><a name="index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-795"></a><a name="index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-796"></a><a name="index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-797"></a><a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-798"></a><a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-799"></a><a name="index-design_002dsize-units-800"></a>The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table. + <li><a name="index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-795"></a><a name="index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-796"></a><a name="index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-797"></a><a name="index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-798"></a><a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-799"></a><a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-800"></a><a name="index-design_002dsize-units-801"></a>The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table. <code>LIG</code> properties define ligatures: in the example above, an -`<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>' (in the `<samp><span class="samp">LABEL</span></samp>') followed by an `<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>' is a ligature, +‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ (in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">LABEL</span></samp>’) followed by an ‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’ is a ligature, i.e., a typesetting program like TeX replaces those two consecutive characters by the character at position octal '014 in the current font—presumably the `fi' ligature. <code>KRN</code> properties define -kerns: if an `<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>' is followed by character octal '047 (an +kerns: if an ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ is followed by character octal '047 (an apostrophe), TeX inserts a small amount of space between them: 0.077779 times the design size the font was loaded at (about three-quarters of a printer's point by default in this case, or .001 inches). - <li><a name="index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-801"></a><a name="index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-802"></a><a name="index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-803"></a><a name="index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-804"></a><a name="index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-805"></a>The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its + <li><a name="index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-802"></a><a name="index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-803"></a><a name="index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-804"></a><a name="index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-805"></a><a name="index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-806"></a>The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its width, height, depth, and italic correction, also in design-size units, as explained in the previous item. For our example `f', the depth is zero, so that property is omitted. TFtoPL also inserts any kerns and @@ -3707,7 +3722,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-pltotf-806"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-807"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-808"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-809"></a> +<p><a name="index-pltotf-807"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-808"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-809"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-810"></a> PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for example) to TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) format. It's much easier for both programs and humans to create the @@ -3716,14 +3731,14 @@ the binary TFM equivalent than to output TFM files directly. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> pltotf [<var>option</var>]... <var>plfile</var>[.pl] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] </pre> - <p>If <var>tfmfile</var> (extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>' if necessary) is + <p>If <var>tfmfile</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the TFM file is written to the basename of -`<samp><var>plfile</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>', e.g., `<samp><span class="samp">pltotf /wherever/cmr10.pl</span></samp>' creates +‘<samp><var>plfile</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">pltotf /wherever/cmr10.pl</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.tfm</span></samp>. (Since TFM files are binary, writing to standard output by default is undesirable.) - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>', and -`<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’, and +‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <p>For an example of property list format, see the previous section. @@ -3738,7 +3753,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</h3> -<p><a name="index-vftovp-810"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-811"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-812"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-813"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-814"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-815"></a> +<p><a name="index-vftovp-811"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-812"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-813"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-814"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-815"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-816"></a> VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) file and its accompanying TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by VPtoVF, for example) to <dfn>virtual property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized @@ -3748,34 +3763,34 @@ Synopsis: <pre class="example"> vftovp [<var>option</var>]... <var>vfname</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>vplfile</var>[.vpl]]] </pre> - <p>The fonts <var>vfname</var> and <var>tfmname</var> (extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>' and -`<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>' if necessary) are searched for in the usual places + <p>The fonts <var>vfname</var> and <var>tfmname</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’ and +‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ if necessary) are searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to -`<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>' before running the program. If <var>tfmname</var> is not -specified, <var>vfname</var> (without a trailing `<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>') is used. +‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. If <var>tfmname</var> is not +specified, <var>vfname</var> (without a trailing ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’) is used. - <p>If <var>vplfile</var> (extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>' if necessary) is + <p>If <var>vplfile</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the property list file is written to standard output. The property list file can be converted back to VF and TFM format by the companion program VFtoVP (see the next section). <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -`<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): <dl> -<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-816"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either -`<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>'. Default is `<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>' for letters and +<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-817"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either +‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’. Default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ for letters and digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font's coding -scheme starts with `<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>', all +scheme starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>’, all character codes are output in octal. - <p>In `<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>' format, character codes that correspond to graphic + <p>In ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ format, character codes that correspond to graphic characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a -`<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>' followed by the single character: `<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>', for example. In -octal format, character codes are output as the letter `<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>' followed -by octal digits, as in `<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>' for `<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>'. +‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ followed by the single character: ‘<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>’, for example. In +octal format, character codes are output as the letter ‘<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>’ followed +by octal digits, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>’ for ‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. - <p>`<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>' format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, + <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely confusing. </dl> @@ -3791,7 +3806,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</h3> -<p><a name="index-vptovf-817"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-818"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-819"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-820"></a> +<p><a name="index-vptovf-818"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-819"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-820"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-821"></a> VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for example) to virtual font (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) and TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) files. @@ -3801,13 +3816,13 @@ and TFM equivalents than to output them directly. Synopsis: <pre class="example"> vptovf [<var>option</var>]... <var>vplfile</var>[.vpl] [<var>vffile</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]] </pre> - <p>If <var>vffile</var> (extended with `<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>' if necessary) is not + <p>If <var>vffile</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the VF output is written to the basename of -`<samp><var>vplfile</var><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>'; similarly for <var>tfmfile</var>. For example, -`<samp><span class="samp">vptovf /wherever/ptmr.vpl</span></samp>' creates <samp><span class="file">./ptmr.vf</span></samp> and +‘<samp><var>vplfile</var><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’; similarly for <var>tfmfile</var>. For example, +‘<samp><span class="samp">vptovf /wherever/ptmr.vpl</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./ptmr.vf</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">./ptmr.tfm</span></samp>. - <p>The only options are `<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>', and `<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>' + <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). <div class="node"> @@ -3820,7 +3835,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> <h3 class="section">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</h3> -<p><a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-821"></a> +<p><a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-822"></a> The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic conversions. Many other more sophisticated font utilities exist; most are in <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities</span></samp> (for CTAN info, @@ -3828,17 +3843,17 @@ see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). Here are some of commonly-requested items: <ul> -<li><a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-822"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-823"></a><a name="index-afmtopl-824"></a>AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</span></samp>. +<li><a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-823"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-824"></a><a name="index-afmtopl-825"></a>AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</span></samp>. - <li><a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts-825"></a><a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-826"></a>BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion: + <li><a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts-826"></a><a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-827"></a>BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion: <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz</a>. - <li><a name="index-metatype1-827"></a><a name="index-Latin-Modern-828"></a>Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1. + <li><a name="index-metatype1-828"></a><a name="index-Latin-Modern-829"></a>Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1. <a href="ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1">ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1</a>. This is used to create the excellent Latin Modern font family (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/lm</span></samp>), which extends Computer Modern to a vast repertoire of scripts. - <li><a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-829"></a><a name="index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-830"></a><a name="index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-831"></a><a name="index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-832"></a><a name="index-gftopxl-833"></a><a name="index-chtopx-834"></a><a name="index-pxtoch-835"></a>Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned + <li><a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-830"></a><a name="index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-831"></a><a name="index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-832"></a><a name="index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-833"></a><a name="index-gftopxl-834"></a><a name="index-chtopx-835"></a><a name="index-pxtoch-836"></a>Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned below; the X BDF-editing programs available from <a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z</a> and <a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z</a>; and finally, if your @@ -3846,30 +3861,30 @@ fonts have only 128 characters, you can use the old <code>gftopxl</code>, <code>pxtoch</code>, and <code>chtopx</code> programs from <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web</a>. - <li><a name="index-fontforge-836"></a><a name="index-pfaedit-837"></a>Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>. + <li><a name="index-fontforge-837"></a><a name="index-pfaedit-838"></a>Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>. This is a very elaborate program with support for many outline formats -(Type <!-- /@w -->1, OpenType, TrueType, <small class="dots">...</small>), and many advanced font +(Type 1, OpenType, TrueType, <small class="dots">...</small>), and many advanced font editing features. - <li><a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-838"></a><a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-839"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-840"></a><a name="index-ps2pk-841"></a>PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the `<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>' + <li><a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-839"></a><a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-840"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-841"></a><a name="index-ps2pk-842"></a>PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>’ distribution. Alternatively, <code>ps2pk</code>, from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/ps2pk</span></samp>. - <li><a name="index-Type-1-conversion-842"></a><a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-843"></a><a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-844"></a>PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB -formats): <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/t1utils.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/t1utils.tar.gz</a>. + <li><a name="index-Type-1-conversion-843"></a><a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-844"></a><a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-845"></a>PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB +formats): <a href="http://www.lcdf.org/type">http://www.lcdf.org/type</a>. - <li><a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts-845"></a><a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets-846"></a><a name="index-fontutils-847"></a>Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type + <li><a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts-846"></a><a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets-847"></a><a name="index-fontutils-848"></a>Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/">http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/</a>. - <li><a name="index-autotrace-848"></a><a name="index-potrace-849"></a>Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace + <li><a name="index-autotrace-849"></a><a name="index-potrace-850"></a>Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace (<a href="http://autotrace.sourceforge.net">http://autotrace.sourceforge.net</a>), Potrace (<a href="http://potrace.sourceforge.net">http://potrace.sourceforge.net</a>). For Metafont fonts, either of the two programs <code>mftrace</code> (<a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace">http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace</a>) or <code>textrace</code> (<a href="http://textrace.sourceforge.net">http://textrace.sourceforge.net</a>) make the job easier. - <li><a name="index-virtual-font-creation-850"></a><a name="index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-851"></a>Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp>. + <li><a name="index-virtual-font-creation-851"></a><a name="index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-852"></a>Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp>. </ul> <div class="node"> @@ -3883,7 +3898,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Legalisms</h2> -<p><a name="index-legalisms-852"></a><a name="index-copyright-notices-853"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-legal-854"></a> +<p><a name="index-legalisms-853"></a><a name="index-copyright-notices-854"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-legal-855"></a> In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying permissions for that file. Following is a summary. @@ -3917,7 +3932,7 @@ AT&T Bell Laboratories or any of its entities not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. - <p>AT&T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including + <p>AT&T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall AT&T be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, @@ -3937,7 +3952,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix B References</h2> -<p><a name="index-references-855"></a><a name="index-bibliography-856"></a> +<p><a name="index-references-856"></a><a name="index-bibliography-857"></a> <ol type=1 start=1> <li>Kpathsea: See <a href="kpathsea.html#Top">Introduction</a>. @@ -3956,7 +3971,7 @@ TeX project, see the books <cite>TeX: The Program</cite> or <cite>Metafont: The Program</cite> cited below. <!-- begin{thebibliography}{Knu86d} --> -<li>[Bil87] + <li>[Bil87] Neenie Billawala. Write-white printing engines and tuning fonts with Metafont. <cite>TUGboat</cite>, 8(1):29–32, April 1987. @@ -4084,7 +4099,7 @@ Michael D. Spivak. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition, 1990. <!-- end{thebibliography} --> -</ol> + </ol> <div class="node"> <p><hr> @@ -4097,7 +4112,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> <ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023define_007d-options-36">`<samp><span class="samp">#define</span></samp>' options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023define_007d-options-36">‘<samp><span class="samp">#define</span></samp>’ options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-225"><code>$ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0026-_0040r_007bmagic-number_007d-182"><code>%& </code><span class="roman">magic number</span></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarting-a-filename_007d-93"><code>- </code><span class="roman">starting a filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> @@ -4106,8 +4121,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-197"><code>--disable-dump-share configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-252"><code>--enable-ipc configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"><code>--help </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-_0028newer_0029-579"><code>--quiet (newer)</code></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0028newer_0029-580"><code>--verbose (newer)</code></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dquiet-_0028newer_0029-580"><code>--quiet (newer)</code></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0028newer_0029-581"><code>--verbose (newer)</code></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"><code>--verbose </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"><code>--version </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-213"><code>--with-editor=</code><var>cmd</var></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> @@ -4127,10 +4142,10 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-179"><code>-base=</code><var>base</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"><code>-base=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-471"><code>-change=</code><var>chfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-816"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-787"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-817"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-788"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040r_007bcompiler-options_007d-37"><code>-D </code><span class="roman">compiler options</span></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-680"><code>-dpi=</code><var>real</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-681"><code>-dpi=</code><var>real</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002denc-247"><code>-enc</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"><code>-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"><code>-file-line-error-style</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> @@ -4138,7 +4153,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-178"><code>-fmt=</code><var>fmt</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-448"><code>-geometry</code><span class="roman">, supported with Xt</span></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"><code>-halt-on-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dimages-761"><code>-images</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dimages-762"><code>-images</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-162"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-112"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"><code>-interaction=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> @@ -4146,21 +4161,21 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-251"><code>-ipc-start</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"><code>-jobname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"><code>-kpathsea-debug=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-635"><code>-length=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dloose-643"><code>-loose</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlowercase-637"><code>-lowercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-681"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-666"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-684"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-669"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-636"><code>-length=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dloose-644"><code>-loose</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlowercase-638"><code>-lowercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-682"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-667"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-685"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-670"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"><code>-mem=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bmem_007d-180"><code>-mem=</code><var>mem</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-597"><code>-min-crossrefs=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmixedcase-638"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-598"><code>-min-crossrefs=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmixedcase-639"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-376"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-253"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmltex-255"><code>-mltex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmnemonics-762"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmnemonics-763"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"><code>-no-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-377"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-254"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> @@ -4170,36 +4185,36 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-258"><code>-output-comment=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-152"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-685"><code>-output-level=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-686"><code>-output-level=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-461"><code>-overflow-label-offset=</code><var>points</var></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-686"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-670"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-687"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-671"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"><code>-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-181"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002drecorder-132"><code>-recorder</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-262"><code>-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-690"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstrict-644"><code>-strict</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-691"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstrict-645"><code>-strict</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-473"><code>-style=</code><var>mftfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-505"><code>-T</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dterse-594"><code>-terse</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex-573"><code>-tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dterse-595"><code>-terse</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex-574"><code>-tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-508"><code>-tex=</code><var>texprogram</var></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"><code>-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-572"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-573"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-535"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-506"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dunderline-641"><code>-underline</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002duppercase-639"><code>-uppercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-651"><code>-x</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dunderline-642"><code>-underline</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002duppercase-640"><code>-uppercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-652"><code>-x</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-output_007d-151"><code>.</code><span class="roman">, used for output</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-375"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-585"><code>.aux </code><span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-586"><code>.aux </code><span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-380"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-584"><code>.bbl </code><span class="roman">bibliography files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-586"><code>.bib </code><span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-587"><code>.blg </code><span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-585"><code>.bbl </code><span class="roman">bibliography files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-587"><code>.bib </code><span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-588"><code>.blg </code><span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-274"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002emem-511"><code>.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-361"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> @@ -4217,17 +4232,17 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-139">8 bit clean</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"><code>8 bit clean output, specifying</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-313">8-bit characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliography-589"><code>\bibliography</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-590"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliography-590"><code>\bibliography</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-591"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-303"><code>\charsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-689"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-673"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-690"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-674"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfont-_0040r_007band-dynamic-generation_007d-239"><code>\font </code><span class="roman">and dynamic generation</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfontdimen-793"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfontdimen-794"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-267"><code>\immediate\write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007bfilenames_007d-216"><code>\input </code><span class="roman">filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-683"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-668"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-684"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-669"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout-_0040r_007band-security_007d-240"><code>\openout </code><span class="roman">and security</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005cstring-226"><code>\string</code></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-306"><code>\tracingcharsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li> @@ -4235,49 +4250,49 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-268"><code>\write18 </code><span class="roman">shell escape extension</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-330"><code>^^ </code><span class="roman">notation, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-478"><cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, production of</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst-612"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst-613"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-accented-character-314">accented character</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-300">accents, hyphenating words with</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-acknowledgements-19">acknowledgements</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-acm_002ebst-613"><code>acm.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-627">Ada, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-acm_002ebst-614"><code>acm.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-628">Ada, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="#index-additional-Make-targets-44">additional Make targets</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-822">AFM to TFM conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-823"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afmtopl-824"><code>afmtopl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-823">AFM to TFM conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-824"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-afmtopl-825"><code>afmtopl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-147">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst-614"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst-615"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-284">American Mathematical Society, typesetting system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-283">AMSTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst-615"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst-616"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Arabic-typesetting-349">Arabic typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-architecture-dependencies-195">architecture dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-array-limit_002c-fixed-83">array limit, fixed</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-array-sizes-71">array sizes</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-assembly-language-routines-41">assembly language routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-autotrace-848"><code>autotrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-626">Awk, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-autotrace-849"><code>autotrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-627">Awk, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="#index-base-file_002c-determining-176">base file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> <li><a href="#index-base-files-381">base files</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-391">base files, need mode definitions</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-plain-only-388">base files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-sharing-189">base files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"><code>bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-609">basic BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-610">basic BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-basic-fonts-and-macros-29">basic fonts and macros</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-batch-languages-230">batch languages</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-826">BDF and GF conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-827">BDF and GF conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-beginfig-489"><code>beginfig</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BeginPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-557"><code>BeginPath </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BeginPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-558"><code>BeginPath </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-17">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-592"><code>BIBINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating-581">bibliographies, creating</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibliography-856">bibliography</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-599">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibtex-583"><code>bibtex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-582">BibTeX</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-606">BibTeX collection</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-610">BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-593"><code>BIBINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating-582">bibliographies, creating</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bibliography-857">bibliography</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-600">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-bibtex-584"><code>bibtex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-583">BibTeX</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-607">BibTeX collection</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-611">BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-BigEndian-machines-192">BigEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-binaries_002c-linking-129">binaries, linking</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-322">blank lines, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> @@ -4285,43 +4300,44 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74">boxes, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76">breakpoints, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5">Breitenlohner, Peter</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-593"><code>BSTINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-569"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">and label extraction</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-594"><code>BSTINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-570"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">and label extraction</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-495"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib-603"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex-600"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex-601"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-byte-position-763">byte position</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-byte-position-730">byte position</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib-604"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex-601"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex-602"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-byte-position-764">byte position</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-byte-position-731">byte position</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-byte-swapping-198">byte swapping</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"><code>c-sources </code><span class="roman">Makefile target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-captions_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-566">captions, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-captions_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-567">captions, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-captions_002c-for-MetaPost-525">captions, for MetaPost</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-472">change files, and MFT</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-632">change files, and Tangle</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-650">change files, and Weave</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-633">change files, and Tangle</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-651">change files, and Weave</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-changing-error-messages-style-105">changing error messages style</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-764">character codes, in GFtype output</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-733">character codes, in PKtype output</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-765">character codes, in GFtype output</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-734">character codes, in PKtype output</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-325">character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-character-proofs-of-fonts-454">character proofs of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-801"><code>CHARACTER </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-802"><code>CHARACTER </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-character-translation-files-311">character translation files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-804"><code>CHARDP </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-803"><code>CHARHT </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-805"><code>CHARIC </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-802"><code>CHARWD </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-chtopx-834"><code>chtopx</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-805"><code>CHARDP </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-804"><code>CHARHT </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-806"><code>CHARIC </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-803"><code>CHARWD </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-chtopx-835"><code>chtopx</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-class-name-for-Metafont-443">class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cm_002ebase-385"><code>cm.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emf-386"><code>cmbase.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emft-476"><code>cmbase.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-384"><code>cmmf.base </code><span class="roman">not recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-550">color, in DVItoMP</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-324">comments, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-comments_002c-MFT-control-469">comments, MFT control</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-common-options-95">common options</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-commonalities-87">commonalities</a>: <a href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comparing-file-modification-times-575">comparing file modification times</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-comparing-file-modification-times-576">comparing file modification times</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compilation-25">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-35">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-33">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> @@ -4332,108 +4348,108 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-configuration-file-values-70">configuration file values</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32">configuration, compile-time</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"><code>configure --with/--enable </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex-653"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex-654"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81">control sequence names, space for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-conventions-for-options_002c-89">conventions for options,</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-675">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-717">conversion, GF to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-756">conversion, GF to plain text</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-721">conversion, PK to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-725">conversion, PK to plain text</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-807">conversion, property list to TFM</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-818">conversion, property list to VF</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-782">conversion, TFM to property list</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-811">conversion, VF to VPL</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copyright-notices-853">copyright notices</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-676">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-718">conversion, GF to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-757">conversion, GF to plain text</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-722">conversion, PK to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-726">conversion, PK to plain text</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-808">conversion, property list to TFM</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-819">conversion, property list to VF</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-783">conversion, TFM to property list</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-812">conversion, VF to VPL</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-copyright-notices-854">copyright notices</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-319">Cork encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-creating-memory-dumps-172">creating memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-598">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-652">cross-references, omitting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-599">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-653">cross-references, omitting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output-150">current directory, used for output</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Curtis_002c-Pavel-15">Curtis, Pavel</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CWEB-625">CWEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cweb-624">Cweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-D-_0040var_007bc_007d-_0040r_007bditroff-graphics_007d-554"><code>D </code><var>c</var> <span class="roman">ditroff graphics</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-CWEB-626">CWEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Cweb-625">Cweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-D-_0040var_007bc_007d-_0040r_007bditroff-graphics_007d-555"><code>D </code><var>c</var> <span class="roman">ditroff graphics</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps-202">date and time, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities-693">debugging DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities-694">debugging DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121">debugging flags, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-328">decimal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dependencies_002c-hardware-196">dependencies, hardware</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units-800">design-size units</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units-801">design-size units</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-392">device definitions, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-779">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-736">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-780">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-737">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-directory-structure-28">directory structure</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DISPLAY-449"><code>DISPLAY</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ditroff-output_002c-converting-to-MPX-551">ditroff output, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DMP-550"><code>DMP</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ditroff-output_002c-converting-to-MPX-552">ditroff output, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DMP-551"><code>DMP</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DMP-544"><code>DMP</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DMP_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-529">DMP, invoked by MakeMPX</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dmp_002ec-562"><code>dmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dmp_002ec-563"><code>dmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dot-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-244">dot files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-501">downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dpost-553"><code>dpost</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dpost-554"><code>dpost</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DrawingServant-412"><code>DrawingServant</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DrawPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-558"><code>DrawPath </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DrawPath-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-559"><code>DrawPath </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dump-file-109">dump file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dumping-memory-168">dumping memory</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-260">DVI comment, specifying</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-548">DVI files, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-creating-multiple-352">DVI files, creating multiple</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained-707">DVI files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition-663">DVI format definition</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-692">DVI opcodes, showing</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-utilities-661">DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvicopy-664"><code>dvicopy</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained-708">DVI files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition-664">DVI format definition</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-693">DVI opcodes, showing</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-DVI-utilities-662">DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvicopy-665"><code>dvicopy</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dvitomp-547"><code>dvitomp</code></a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVITOMP-543"><code>DVITOMP</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-DVItoMP_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-528">DVItoMP, invoked by MakeMPX</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-674"><code>dvitype </code><span class="roman">DVI validation</span></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example-694">dvitype output example</a>: <a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb-662"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-776">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-741">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-777">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-675"><code>dvitype </code><span class="roman">DVI validation</span></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example-695">dvitype output example</a>: <a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb-663"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-777">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-742">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-778">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dynamic-array-allocation-86">dynamic array allocation</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-399">dynamic Metafont mode definitions with <code>smode</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable-732">dynamic packing variable</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable-733">dynamic packing variable</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bresponse-at-error-prompt_007d-209"><code>e </code><span class="roman">response at error prompt</span></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-e_002dcircumflex-304">e-circumflex</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li> <li><a href="#index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-342">e-TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-e_002emft-477"><code>e.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-363">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-237">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-829">editing of bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-830">editing of bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-editor-invoked-at-error-207">editor invoked at error</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-221">eight-bit characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> <li><a href="#index-empty_002etcx-318"><code>empty.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-endian-dependencies-193">endian dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-770"><code>eoc </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-771"><code>eoc </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Eplain-289">Eplain</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-epsf-404"><code>epsf</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at-208">errors, editor invoked at</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-772">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-739">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical-774">escapement, vertical</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-570"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">and label extraction</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-773">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-740">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical-775">escapement, vertical</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007band-label-extraction_007d-571"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">and label extraction</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-496"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin-161">executables, shared initial and virgin</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> <li><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format-290">expanded plain format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-340">extensions to TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"><code>extra_mem_bot</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-790"><code>FACE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-789"><code>FAMILY </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-791"><code>FACE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-790"><code>FAMILY </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-298">Ferguson, Michael</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts-701">file formats for fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-mtimes_002c-comparing-576">file mtimes, comparing</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts-702">file formats for fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-file-mtimes_002c-comparing-577">file mtimes, comparing</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-file-recorder-133">file recorder</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-File_002dhandling-_0040TeX_007b_007d-351">File-handling TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files-215">filename conventions, in input files</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94">filenames starting with `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94">filenames starting with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137">first line of the main input file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39">fixed-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-FIXPT-38"><code>FIXPT</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-flag-byte-731">flag byte</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-flag-byte-732">flag byte</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40">floating-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-values-200">floating-point values</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fmt-file_002c-determining-175">fmt file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> @@ -4444,74 +4460,74 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-font-character-code_002c-translating-331">font character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-font-design-358">font design</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-502">font downloading for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-file-formats-700">font file formats</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-file-formats-701">font file formats</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-font-proofs-455">font proofs</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-utilities-695">font utilities</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-821">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-utilities-696">font utilities</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-822">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"><code>font_mem_size</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontforge-836"><code>fontforge</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-851"><code>fontinst</code><span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontforge-837"><code>fontforge</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-852"><code>fontinst</code><span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-basic-30">fonts, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontutils-847"><code>fontutils</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-fontutils-848"><code>fontutils</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-format-files-278">format files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-279">formats for TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"><code>formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-fraction-routines-42">fraction routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-288">Free Software Foundation documentation system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-freedom-of-Web2c-9">freedom of Web2c</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-605"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-606"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-generating-source-specials-271">generating source specials</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-geometric-designs-356">geometric designs</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling-705">geometric font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling-706">geometric font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-geometry-for-Metafont-444">geometry for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-getopt_005flong_005fonly-90"><code>getopt_long_only</code></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained-710">GF files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained-711">GF files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-368">GF files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF-format-definition-699">GF format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GF-format-definition-700">GF format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> <li><a href="#index-GF-output-367">GF output</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-722">GF, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-719">GF, converting to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-723">GF, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-720">GF, converting to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-gftodvi-453"><code>gftodvi</code></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopk-716"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopxl-833"><code>gftopxl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-755"><code>gftype </code><span class="roman">GF validation</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb-697"><code>gftype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gftopk-717"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gftopxl-834"><code>gftopxl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-756"><code>gftype </code><span class="roman">GF validation</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb-698"><code>gftype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> <li><a href="#index-glue-ratio-representations-201">glue ratio representations</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-glue_002c-memory-for-75">glue, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-glyph-substitutions-301">glyph substitutions</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-gray-font-457">gray font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61">Gruff, Billy Goat</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-840"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-841"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e-205">Harbison, Samuel P.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hardware-and-memory-dumps-185">hardware and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82">hash table, increasing size of</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hash_005fextra-80"><code>hash_extra</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-791"><code>headerbyte </code><span class="roman">information</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels-742">height, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-792"><code>headerbyte </code><span class="roman">information</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels-743">height, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-help_002c-online-97">help, online</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Henry_002c-Patrick-11">Henry, Patrick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-405">Herberts, Mathias</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-327">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-history-12">history</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-563">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-564">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-4">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-771">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-738">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-772">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-739">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hp2627-407"><code>hp2627</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-294">human languages, supported in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-677">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-758">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-727">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-785">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-814">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-678">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-759">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-728">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-786">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-815">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hyphenation-and-languages-295">hyphenation and languages</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-335">hyphenation patterns, creating</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-ice-cream-10">ice cream</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifier-case-640">identifier case</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifier-collisions-645">identifier collisions</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifier-length-636">identifier length</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines-642">identifiers with underlines</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst-616"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-identifier-case-641">identifier case</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-identifier-collisions-646">identifier collisions</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-identifier-length-637">identifier length</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines-643">identifiers with underlines</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst-617"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-316"><code>il1-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-317"><code>il2-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Info-format-287">Info format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> @@ -4527,7 +4543,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"><code>install-formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"><code>install-mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-installation-26">installation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-333">interaction between TCX files and `<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>'.</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-333">interaction between TCX files and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’.</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-interaction-mode-116">interaction mode</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-international-characters-312">international characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-introduction-1">introduction</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> @@ -4535,42 +4551,42 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-339"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-job-name-118">job name</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-799">kerning table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-800">kerning table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-332">keyboard character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-470">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-797"><code>KRN </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-798"><code>KRN </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-label-font-459">label font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-795"><code>LABEL </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-labels_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-565">labels, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-796"><code>LABEL </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-labels_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-566">labels, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-labels_002c-for-MetaPost-526">labels, for MetaPost</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-293">language support in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-336">languages, hyphenation rules for</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-282">LaTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Latin-Modern-828">Latin Modern</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-765">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-751">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-legalisms-852">legalisms</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Latin-Modern-829">Latin Modern</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-766">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-752">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-legalisms-853">legalisms</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> <li><a href="#index-licensing-terms-8">licensing terms</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-796"><code>LIG </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-798">ligature table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-794"><code>LIGTABLE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-797"><code>LIG </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-799">ligature table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-795"><code>LIGTABLE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-linking-binaries-130">linking binaries</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-links-to-binaries-184">links to binaries</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literate-programming-620">literate programming</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-litprog_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-621"><code>litprog@shsu.edu</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-literate-programming-621">literate programming</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-litprog_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-622"><code>litprog@shsu.edu</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="#index-LittleEndian-machines-191">LittleEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-588">log file, BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-589">log file, BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-machine-dependencies-194">machine dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-820">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-809">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-714">MacKay, Pierre</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-821">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-810">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-715">MacKay, Pierre</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-281">macro packages, major TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-macros_002c-basic-31">macros, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps-169">macros, predefining in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification-682">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification-667">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-magnification-683">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-magnification-668">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-main_005fmemory-72"><code>main_memory</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Make-targets_002c-additional-46">Make targets, additional</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-makempx-523"><code>makempx</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> @@ -4605,13 +4621,13 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost-480">MetaPost</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-518">MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input-files-488">MetaPost input files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input_002c-extracting-labels-from-568">MetaPost input, extracting labels from</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input_002c-extracting-labels-from-569">MetaPost input, extracting labels from</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost-invocation-484">MetaPost invocation</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost-labels-524">MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-479">MetaPost source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-initial-510">MetaPost, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-and-Metafont-160">MetaPost, TeX, and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-metatype1-827"><code>metatype1</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-metatype1-828"><code>metatype1</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mf-359"><code>mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mf_002ebase-383"><code>mf.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MFEDIT-211"><code>MFEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> @@ -4640,8 +4656,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-mpost_002emem-514"><code>mpost.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpout-492"><code>mpout</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mproof_002etex-500"><code>mproof.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT-559"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPto-564"><code>MPto</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT-560"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPto-565"><code>MPto</code></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MPto_002c-invoked-by-MakeMPX-527">MPto, invoked by MakeMPX</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MPTOTEX-541"><code>MPTOTEX</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MPTOTR-542"><code>MPTOTR</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> @@ -4650,93 +4666,93 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"><code>mptrap.readme</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpx-file_002c-defined-538">mpx file, defined</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-549">MPX files, converting from DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-creating-from-ditroff-output-552">MPX files, creating from ditroff output</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-creating-from-ditroff-output-553">MPX files, creating from ditroff output</a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpxerr-534"><code>mpxerr</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002edvi-531"><code>mpxerr.dvi</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002elog-530"><code>mpxerr.log</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002et-533"><code>mpxerr.t</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-mpxerr_002etex-532"><code>mpxerr.tex</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mtimes-of-files_002c-comparing-577">mtimes of files, comparing</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-mtimes-of-files_002c-comparing-578">mtimes of files, comparing</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-297">Multi-lingual TeX</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-multiple-DVI-files_002c-creating-353">multiple DVI files, creating</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-N-tilde-305">N tilde</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li> <li><a href="#index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-451">new graphics support for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-NEWER-540"><code>NEWER</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-newer-_0040r_007bfile-comparison_007d-574"><code>newer </code><span class="roman">file comparison</span></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-769"><code>newrow </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-newer-_0040r_007bfile-comparison_007d-575"><code>newer </code><span class="roman">file comparison</span></a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-770"><code>newrow </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-next-411"><code>next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-NO_005fX11WIN-429"><code>NO_X11WIN</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48">non-Unix system, compiling on</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-220">NUL, not allowed in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> <li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-326">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels-463">offset for overflow labels</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-older_002dthan_002c-file-comparisons-578">older-than, file comparisons</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-older_002dthan_002c-file-comparisons-579">older-than, file comparisons</a>: <a href="#newer-invocation">newer invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Omega-344">Omega</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics-400">online Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-691">opcodes, showing DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling-704">optical font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-692">opcodes, showing DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling-705">optical font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-option-conventions-88">option conventions</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-origin-748">origin</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-origin-749">origin</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-153">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output-file-location-149">output file location</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-242">output files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-259"><code>output_comment </code><span class="roman">for DVI files</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset-462">overflow label offset</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-packet-length-734">packet length</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-688">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-672">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-packet-length-735">packet length</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-689">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-673">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-parsing-the-first-line-127">parsing the first line</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-630">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-631">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-patgen-334"><code>patgen</code></a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-path-searching-143">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> <li><a href="#index-path-searching-debugging-122">path searching debugging</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PDF-347">PDF</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-346">pdfTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal-854">permissions, legal</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-843">PFA and PFB conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfaedit-837"><code>pfaedit</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal-855">permissions, legal</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-844">PFA and PFB conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pfaedit-838"><code>pfaedit</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77">PiCTeX, increasing memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-picture-expressions-537">picture expressions</a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pixel-height-743">pixel height</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pixel-width-744">pixel width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-838">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained-709">PK files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pixel-height-744">pixel height</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pixel-width-745">pixel width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-839">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained-710">PK files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-369">PK files, not output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-format-definition-698">PK format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-718">PK, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-723">PK, converting to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pktogf-720"><code>pktogf</code></a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-724"><code>pktype </code><span class="roman">PK validation</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb-696"><code>pktype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained-711">PL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PK-format-definition-699">PK format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-719">PK, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-724">PK, converting to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pktogf-721"><code>pktogf</code></a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-725"><code>pktype </code><span class="roman">PK validation</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb-697"><code>pktype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained-712">PL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-517">plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-676">plain text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-757">plain text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-726">plain text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-786">plain text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-815">plain text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-677">plain text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-758">plain text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-727">plain text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-787">plain text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-816">plain text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-382"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebst-611"><code>plain.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebst-612"><code>plain.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-plain_002efmt-276"><code>plain.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-plain_002emem-513"><code>plain.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-plain_002emft-475"><code>plain.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pltotf-806"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing-633">pool file, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pltotf-807"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing-634">pool file, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Poole_002c-Simon-425">Poole, Simon</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pooltype-655"><code>pooltype</code></a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pooltype-656"><code>pooltype</code></a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-portable-filenames-223">portable filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-497">PostScript fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-481">PostScript meets Metafont</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-PostScript-output-494">PostScript output</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-839">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-844">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-706">PostScript, and font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-potrace-849"><code>potrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-840">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-845">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-707">PostScript, and font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-potrace-850"><code>potrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Pragma-ADE-522">Pragma ADE</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="#index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps-170">predefined macros and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-466">prettyprinting Metafont source</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-649">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-650">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-primitives_002c-new-343">primitives, new</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-329">printable characters, specifying</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-393">printer characteristics, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> @@ -4749,47 +4765,47 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-503"><code>prologues</code><span class="roman">, and EPSF output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-373"><code>proof </code><span class="roman">mode</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-456">proof sheets, of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list-format-788">property list format</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-784">property list, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-813">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ps2pk-841"><code>ps2pk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-property-list-format-789">property list format</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-785">property list, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-814">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-ps2pk-842"><code>ps2pk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-504"><code>psfonts.map</code><span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained-708">PXL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pxtoch-835"><code>pxtoch</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained-709">PXL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-pxtoch-836"><code>pxtoch</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-299">Raichle, Bernd</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-reading_002c-additional-23">reading, additional</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-154">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-reallocation-of-arrays-85">reallocation of arrays</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions-307">redefined character substitutions</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reference-pixel-749">reference pixel</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-references-855">references</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-reference-pixel-750">reference pixel</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-references-856">references</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li> <li><a href="#index-regis-414"><code>regis</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Regis-graphics-support-416">Regis graphics support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-regression-testing-261">regression testing</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-repeated-rows-754">repeated rows</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-representation-of-strings-659">representation of strings</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-766">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-752">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-repeated-rows-755">repeated rows</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-representation-of-strings-660">representation of strings</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-767">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-753">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-right_002dto_002dleft-typesetting-350">right-to-left typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-13">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-768">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-753">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-769">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-754">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-runtime-options-69">runtime options</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-775">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-740">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts-703">scaling of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts-845">scanned images of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-776">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-741">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts-704">scaling of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts-846">scanned images of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005copenout_007d-241">security, and <code>\openout</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-output-files-245">security, and output files</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-270">security, and shell escapes</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SetColor-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-556"><code>SetColor </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-SetColor-_0040r_007bditroff-command_007d-557"><code>SetColor </code><span class="roman">ditroff command</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-shapes-357">shapes</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="#index-sharing-memory-dumps-187">sharing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-264">shell commands in TeX</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-266"><code>shell_escape </code><span class="roman">enabling in TeX</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-siam_002ebst-617"><code>siam.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-767">side bearings</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-750">side bearings</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-siam_002ebst-618"><code>siam.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-768">side bearings</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-751">side bearings</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-slant-font-460">slant font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing-292">slides, producing</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-291">SliTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> @@ -4797,17 +4813,17 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-398"><code>smode </code><span class="roman">and dynamic Metafont mode definition</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="#index-sockets-338">sockets</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-space_002dterminated-filenames-217">space-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Spiderweb-623">Spiderweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Spiderweb-624">Spiderweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22">Stallman, Richard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-starting-page-687">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-starting-page-671">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-starting-page-688">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-starting-page-672">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e-206">Steele Jr., Guy L.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111">stopping at the first error</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-strategy_002c-overall-7">strategy, overall</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-657">string numbers, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing-634">string pool, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-representation-660">string representation</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-602">style design, for BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-658">string numbers, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing-635">string pool, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-string-representation-661">string representation</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-603">style design, for BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-style-files-474">style files</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-302">substitutions of font glyphs</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-sun-417"><code>sun</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> @@ -4819,8 +4835,8 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files-321">syntax of TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-269"><code>system </code><span class="roman">C library function</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-320">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-715">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tangle-629"><code>tangle</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-716">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tangle-630"><code>tangle</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-targets_002c-additional-Make-45">targets, additional Make</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-309"><code>TCX </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-tek-422"><code>tek</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> @@ -4828,12 +4844,12 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014-427">Tektronix 4014</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TERM-403"><code>TERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-terminator-for-filenames-219">terminator for filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-terse-output-595">terse output</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-terse-output-596">terse output</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TEX-545"><code>TEX</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-tex-232"><code>tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-608">TeX, bibliographies for</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-609">TeX, bibliographies for</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-467">TeX, creating from Metafont</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-647">TeX, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-648">TeX, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-description-of-227">TeX, description of</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-341">TeX, extensions to</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-280">TeX, format packages for</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> @@ -4844,24 +4860,24 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3">TeX, Web2c implementation of</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TeX_002d_002dXeT-348"><code>TeX--XeT</code></a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-tex_002efmt-277"><code>tex.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-591"><code>TEXBIB</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-592"><code>TEXBIB</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TEXEDIT-210"><code>TEXEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-148"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Texinfo-286">Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-144"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-452"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-_0040r_007band-_0040code_007bopenoutnameok_007d_007d-246"><code>texmfmp.c </code><span class="roman">and </span><code>openoutnameok</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-155"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used if `<samp>.</samp>' unwritable</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-155"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used if ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp><span class="roman">’ unwritable</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> <li><a href="#index-texput-236"><code>texput</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-text_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-567">text, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-808">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained-702">TFM files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-text_002c-extracting-from-MetaPost-input-568">text, extracting from MetaPost input</a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-809">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained-703">TFM files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79">TFM files, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-371">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-493">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-778">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-735">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tftopl-781"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-779">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-736">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-tftopl-782"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-three-programs-157">three programs</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li> <li><a href="#index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps-203">time and date, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> <li><a href="#index-title-font-458">title font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> @@ -4872,7 +4888,7 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"><code>trap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-trap-test-63">trap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> <li><a href="#index-trapman_002etex-67"><code>trapman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trchars_002eadj-560"><code>trchars.adj</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-trchars_002eadj-561"><code>trchars.adj</code></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Trickey_002c-Howard-14">Trickey, Howard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"><code>trip </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-trip-test-62">trip test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> @@ -4880,74 +4896,74 @@ Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> <li><a href="#index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"><code>triptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> <li><a href="#index-TROFF-546"><code>TROFF</code></a>: <a href="#makempx-invocation">makempx invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-498">Troff, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-628">Troff, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-629">Troff, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Trojan-horses-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-243">Trojan horses and TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography-607">TUGboat bibliography</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion-842">Type 1 conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography-608">TUGboat bibliography</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion-843">Type 1 conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal-389">type design, personal</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI-678">type programs, DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF-759">type programs, GF</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK-728">type programs, PK</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool-656">type programs, pool</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI-679">type programs, DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF-760">type programs, GF</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK-729">type programs, PK</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool-657">type programs, pool</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-typeface-families-355">typeface families</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets-846">typeface specimen sheets</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets-847">typeface specimen sheets</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-typesetting-228">typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Unicode-345">Unicode</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Unicode-input-248">Unicode input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-uniterm-426"><code>uniterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst-618"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst-619"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-using-local-codepage-to-display-messages-142">using local codepage to display messages</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input-249">UTF-8 input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-679">validation, of DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-760">validation, of GF files</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-729">validation, of PK files</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-783">validation, of TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-812">validation, of VF files</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbatimtex-_0040r_007bMetaPost-command_007d-571"><code>verbatimtex </code><span class="roman">MetaPost command</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-596">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-680">validation, of DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-761">validation, of GF files</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-730">validation, of PK files</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-784">validation, of TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-813">validation, of VF files</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-verbatimtex-_0040r_007bMetaPost-command_007d-572"><code>verbatimtex </code><span class="roman">MetaPost command</span></a>: <a href="#mpto-invocation">mpto invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-597">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99">verbosity, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> <li><a href="#index-version-number_002c-finding-101">version number, finding</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vertical-escapement-773">vertical escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-819">VF files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vftovp-810"><code>vftovp</code></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vertical-escapement-774">vertical escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-820">VF files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vftovp-811"><code>vftovp</code></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-virgin-programs-163">virgin programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation-850">virtual font creation</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-665">virtual fonts, expanding</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-712"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt-713"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vptovf-817"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-weave-646"><code>weave</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-619">WEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-658">WEB pool files, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-631">WEB programs, compiling</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-648">WEB programs, typesetting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation-851">virtual font creation</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-666">virtual fonts, expanding</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-713"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt-714"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-vptovf-818"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-weave-647"><code>weave</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-WEB-620">WEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-659">WEB pool files, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-632">WEB programs, compiling</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-649">WEB programs, typesetting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-315"><code>WEB2C</code><span class="roman">, search path for TCX files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf-18">Weber, Olaf</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-webmac_002etex-654"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-webman_002etex-622"><code>webman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-webmac_002etex-655"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-webman_002etex-623"><code>webman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-323">whitespace, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> <li><a href="#index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-218">whitespace-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-780">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-737">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels-745">width, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-781">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-738">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels-746">width, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-word-processor_002c-not-231">word processor, not</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="#index-writing-memory-dumps-173">writing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts-825">X bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts-826">X bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-442">X class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-x-offset-746">x offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-x-offset-747">x offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-X-resources-441">X resources</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-438">X toolkits and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-x-X-_0040r_007bditroff-device-control_007d-555"><code>x X </code><span class="roman">ditroff device control</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib-604"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-830"><code>xbfe</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-831"><code>xfed</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-832"><code>xfedor</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-x-X-_0040r_007bditroff-device-control_007d-556"><code>x X </code><span class="roman">ditroff device control</span></a>: <a href="#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib-605"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-831"><code>xbfe</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-832"><code>xfed</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-833"><code>xfedor</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Xlib-431"><code>Xlib</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Xlib-support-440">Xlib support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Xt-430"><code>Xt</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-Xt-support-439">Xt support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> <li><a href="#index-xterm-432"><code>xterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-y-offset-747">y offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> +<li><a href="#index-y-offset-748">y offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> <li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-224"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> </ul></body></html> diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf b/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf Binary files differindex a7e215cd867..c41ceab2af1 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/bin/tl-update-txi b/Master/tlpkg/bin/tl-update-txi new file mode 100755 index 00000000000..229b042d31d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/bin/tl-update-txi @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#!/bin/sh -e +# $Id$ +# Public domain. Originally written 2008, Karl Berry. +# +# From the Texinfo manuals in TeX Live, simplistically build html/pdf, +# install info/html/pdf. Don't delete info files since they are in the +# dist's. Unfortunately no easy way to do the same for pdf. + +texihtml="makeinfo --html --no-split" +texipdf="texi2pdf --quiet --clean" + +# Convenience variables. +mydir=`dirname $0` +Master=`cd $mydir/../.. && pwd` +docdir=$Master/texmf/doc +infodir=$docdir/info + +Build=`cd $Master/../Build && pwd` +xk=$Build/source/texk +xu=$Build/source/utils + +# +do_dvipng() { + mypkg=dvipng + cd $xk/$mypkg || exit 1 + MV=cp mvcp-if-change $mypkg.info $infodir/ + $texihtml $mypkg.texi && mvcp-if-change $mypkg.html $docdir/$mypkg/ + $texipdf $mypkg.texi && mv -v $mypkg.pdf $docdir/$mypkg/ +} + +# +do_dvips() { + mypkg=dvips + cd $xk/${mypkg}k || exit 1 + MV=cp mvcp-if-change $mypkg.info $infodir/ + $texihtml $mypkg.texi && mvcp-if-change $mypkg.html $docdir/$mypkg/ + if texi2dvi --quiet --clean $mypkg.texi; then + # raw PostScript examples + mainmap=$Master/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map + dvips -q -t letter -u $mainmap $mypkg.dvi + /usr/bin/ps2pdf $mypkg.ps + mv -v $mypkg.pdf $docdir/$mypkg/ + rm $mypkg.dvi $mypkg.ps + fi +} + +# +do_kpathsea() { + mypkg=kpathsea + cd $xk/$mypkg || exit 1 + MV=cp mvcp-if-change $mypkg.info $infodir/ + $texihtml $mypkg.texi && mvcp-if-change $mypkg.html $docdir/$mypkg/ + $texipdf $mypkg.texi && mv -v $mypkg.pdf $docdir/$mypkg/ +} + +# +# Uniquely, no .info files in the distribution. +do_texinfo() { + mypkg=texinfo + cd $xu/$mypkg/doc || exit 1 + for manual in info info-stnd texinfo; do + if test $manual = texinfo; then + src=$manual.txi + else + src=$manual.texi + fi + makeinfo --no-split $src + test $manual = texinfo && mv texinfo texinfo.info + mvcp-if-change $manual.info $infodir/ + $texihtml $src && mv -v $manual.html $docdir/$mypkg/ + $texipdf $src && mv -v $manual.pdf $docdir/$mypkg/ + done +} + +# +do_web2c() { + mypkg=web2c + cd $xk/$mypkg/doc || exit 1 + MV=cp mvcp-if-change $mypkg.info $infodir/ + $texihtml $mypkg.texi && mvcp-if-change $mypkg.html $docdir/$mypkg/ + $texipdf $mypkg.texi && mv -v $mypkg.pdf $docdir/$mypkg/ +} + +do_dvipng +do_dvips +do_kpathsea +do_texinfo +do_web2c + +exit $? + +# still to add checks for: eplain, fontname. +# static: tds, texdraw. |