diff options
| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2012-05-21 00:15:27 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2012-05-21 00:15:27 +0000 |
| commit | a4c42bfb2337d37da89d789cb8cc226367994e32 (patch) | |
| tree | c3eabdef5d565a4e515d2be0d9d4d0540bde0250 /Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON | |
| parent | 8274475057f024d35332ac47c2e2f23ea156e6ed (diff) | |
perl 5.14.2 from siep
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@26525 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON')
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP.pm | 2812 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm | 26 |
2 files changed, 2838 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP.pm b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP.pm new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cef9f421752 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP.pm @@ -0,0 +1,2812 @@ +package JSON::PP; + +# JSON-2.0 + +use 5.005; +use strict; +use base qw(Exporter); +use overload (); + +use Carp (); +use B (); +#use Devel::Peek; + +$JSON::PP::VERSION = '2.27105'; + +@JSON::PP::EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json from_json to_json); + +# instead of hash-access, i tried index-access for speed. +# but this method is not faster than what i expected. so it will be changed. + +use constant P_ASCII => 0; +use constant P_LATIN1 => 1; +use constant P_UTF8 => 2; +use constant P_INDENT => 3; +use constant P_CANONICAL => 4; +use constant P_SPACE_BEFORE => 5; +use constant P_SPACE_AFTER => 6; +use constant P_ALLOW_NONREF => 7; +use constant P_SHRINK => 8; +use constant P_ALLOW_BLESSED => 9; +use constant P_CONVERT_BLESSED => 10; +use constant P_RELAXED => 11; + +use constant P_LOOSE => 12; +use constant P_ALLOW_BIGNUM => 13; +use constant P_ALLOW_BAREKEY => 14; +use constant P_ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE => 15; +use constant P_ESCAPE_SLASH => 16; +use constant P_AS_NONBLESSED => 17; + +use constant P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN => 18; + +use constant OLD_PERL => $] < 5.008 ? 1 : 0; + +BEGIN { + my @xs_compati_bit_properties = qw( + latin1 ascii utf8 indent canonical space_before space_after allow_nonref shrink + allow_blessed convert_blessed relaxed allow_unknown + ); + my @pp_bit_properties = qw( + allow_singlequote allow_bignum loose + allow_barekey escape_slash as_nonblessed + ); + + # Perl version check, Unicode handling is enable? + # Helper module sets @JSON::PP::_properties. + if ($] < 5.008 ) { + my $helper = $] >= 5.006 ? 'JSON::PP::Compat5006' : 'JSON::PP::Compat5005'; + eval qq| require $helper |; + if ($@) { Carp::croak $@; } + } + + for my $name (@xs_compati_bit_properties, @pp_bit_properties) { + my $flag_name = 'P_' . uc($name); + + eval qq/ + sub $name { + my \$enable = defined \$_[1] ? \$_[1] : 1; + + if (\$enable) { + \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$flag_name] = 1; + } + else { + \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$flag_name] = 0; + } + + \$_[0]; + } + + sub get_$name { + \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$flag_name] ? 1 : ''; + } + /; + } + +} + + + +# Functions + +my %encode_allow_method + = map {($_ => 1)} qw/utf8 pretty allow_nonref latin1 self_encode escape_slash + allow_blessed convert_blessed indent indent_length allow_bignum + as_nonblessed + /; +my %decode_allow_method + = map {($_ => 1)} qw/utf8 allow_nonref loose allow_singlequote allow_bignum + allow_barekey max_size relaxed/; + + +my $JSON; # cache + +sub encode_json ($) { # encode + ($JSON ||= __PACKAGE__->new->utf8)->encode(@_); +} + + +sub decode_json { # decode + ($JSON ||= __PACKAGE__->new->utf8)->decode(@_); +} + +# Obsoleted + +sub to_json($) { + Carp::croak ("JSON::PP::to_json has been renamed to encode_json."); +} + + +sub from_json($) { + Carp::croak ("JSON::PP::from_json has been renamed to decode_json."); +} + + +# Methods + +sub new { + my $class = shift; + my $self = { + max_depth => 512, + max_size => 0, + indent => 0, + FLAGS => 0, + fallback => sub { encode_error('Invalid value. JSON can only reference.') }, + indent_length => 3, + }; + + bless $self, $class; +} + + +sub encode { + return $_[0]->PP_encode_json($_[1]); +} + + +sub decode { + return $_[0]->PP_decode_json($_[1], 0x00000000); +} + + +sub decode_prefix { + return $_[0]->PP_decode_json($_[1], 0x00000001); +} + + +# accessor + + +# pretty printing + +sub pretty { + my ($self, $v) = @_; + my $enable = defined $v ? $v : 1; + + if ($enable) { # indent_length(3) for JSON::XS compatibility + $self->indent(1)->indent_length(3)->space_before(1)->space_after(1); + } + else { + $self->indent(0)->space_before(0)->space_after(0); + } + + $self; +} + +# etc + +sub max_depth { + my $max = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0x80000000; + $_[0]->{max_depth} = $max; + $_[0]; +} + + +sub get_max_depth { $_[0]->{max_depth}; } + + +sub max_size { + my $max = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0; + $_[0]->{max_size} = $max; + $_[0]; +} + + +sub get_max_size { $_[0]->{max_size}; } + + +sub filter_json_object { + $_[0]->{cb_object} = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0; + $_[0]->{F_HOOK} = ($_[0]->{cb_object} or $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}) ? 1 : 0; + $_[0]; +} + +sub filter_json_single_key_object { + if (@_ > 1) { + $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}->{$_[1]} = $_[2]; + } + $_[0]->{F_HOOK} = ($_[0]->{cb_object} or $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}) ? 1 : 0; + $_[0]; +} + +sub indent_length { + if (!defined $_[1] or $_[1] > 15 or $_[1] < 0) { + Carp::carp "The acceptable range of indent_length() is 0 to 15."; + } + else { + $_[0]->{indent_length} = $_[1]; + } + $_[0]; +} + +sub get_indent_length { + $_[0]->{indent_length}; +} + +sub sort_by { + $_[0]->{sort_by} = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 1; + $_[0]; +} + +sub allow_bigint { + Carp::carp("allow_bigint() is obsoleted. use allow_bignum() insted."); +} + +############################### + +### +### Perl => JSON +### + + +{ # Convert + + my $max_depth; + my $indent; + my $ascii; + my $latin1; + my $utf8; + my $space_before; + my $space_after; + my $canonical; + my $allow_blessed; + my $convert_blessed; + + my $indent_length; + my $escape_slash; + my $bignum; + my $as_nonblessed; + + my $depth; + my $indent_count; + my $keysort; + + + sub PP_encode_json { + my $self = shift; + my $obj = shift; + + $indent_count = 0; + $depth = 0; + + my $idx = $self->{PROPS}; + + ($ascii, $latin1, $utf8, $indent, $canonical, $space_before, $space_after, $allow_blessed, + $convert_blessed, $escape_slash, $bignum, $as_nonblessed) + = @{$idx}[P_ASCII .. P_SPACE_AFTER, P_ALLOW_BLESSED, P_CONVERT_BLESSED, + P_ESCAPE_SLASH, P_ALLOW_BIGNUM, P_AS_NONBLESSED]; + + ($max_depth, $indent_length) = @{$self}{qw/max_depth indent_length/}; + + $keysort = $canonical ? sub { $a cmp $b } : undef; + + if ($self->{sort_by}) { + $keysort = ref($self->{sort_by}) eq 'CODE' ? $self->{sort_by} + : $self->{sort_by} =~ /\D+/ ? $self->{sort_by} + : sub { $a cmp $b }; + } + + encode_error("hash- or arrayref expected (not a simple scalar, use allow_nonref to allow this)") + if(!ref $obj and !$idx->[ P_ALLOW_NONREF ]); + + my $str = $self->object_to_json($obj); + + $str .= "\n" if ( $indent ); # JSON::XS 2.26 compatible + + unless ($ascii or $latin1 or $utf8) { + utf8::upgrade($str); + } + + if ($idx->[ P_SHRINK ]) { + utf8::downgrade($str, 1); + } + + return $str; + } + + + sub object_to_json { + my ($self, $obj) = @_; + my $type = ref($obj); + + if($type eq 'HASH'){ + return $self->hash_to_json($obj); + } + elsif($type eq 'ARRAY'){ + return $self->array_to_json($obj); + } + elsif ($type) { # blessed object? + if (blessed($obj)) { + + return $self->value_to_json($obj) if ( $obj->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean') ); + + if ( $convert_blessed and $obj->can('TO_JSON') ) { + my $result = $obj->TO_JSON(); + if ( defined $result and ref( $result ) ) { + if ( refaddr( $obj ) eq refaddr( $result ) ) { + encode_error( sprintf( + "%s::TO_JSON method returned same object as was passed instead of a new one", + ref $obj + ) ); + } + } + + return $self->object_to_json( $result ); + } + + return "$obj" if ( $bignum and _is_bignum($obj) ); + return $self->blessed_to_json($obj) if ($allow_blessed and $as_nonblessed); # will be removed. + + encode_error( sprintf("encountered object '%s', but neither allow_blessed " + . "nor convert_blessed settings are enabled", $obj) + ) unless ($allow_blessed); + + return 'null'; + } + else { + return $self->value_to_json($obj); + } + } + else{ + return $self->value_to_json($obj); + } + } + + + sub hash_to_json { + my ($self, $obj) = @_; + my @res; + + encode_error("json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)") + if (++$depth > $max_depth); + + my ($pre, $post) = $indent ? $self->_up_indent() : ('', ''); + my $del = ($space_before ? ' ' : '') . ':' . ($space_after ? ' ' : ''); + + for my $k ( _sort( $obj ) ) { + if ( OLD_PERL ) { utf8::decode($k) } # key for Perl 5.6 / be optimized + push @res, string_to_json( $self, $k ) + . $del + . ( $self->object_to_json( $obj->{$k} ) || $self->value_to_json( $obj->{$k} ) ); + } + + --$depth; + $self->_down_indent() if ($indent); + + return '{' . ( @res ? $pre : '' ) . ( @res ? join( ",$pre", @res ) . $post : '' ) . '}'; + } + + + sub array_to_json { + my ($self, $obj) = @_; + my @res; + + encode_error("json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)") + if (++$depth > $max_depth); + + my ($pre, $post) = $indent ? $self->_up_indent() : ('', ''); + + for my $v (@$obj){ + push @res, $self->object_to_json($v) || $self->value_to_json($v); + } + + --$depth; + $self->_down_indent() if ($indent); + + return '[' . ( @res ? $pre : '' ) . ( @res ? join( ",$pre", @res ) . $post : '' ) . ']'; + } + + + sub value_to_json { + my ($self, $value) = @_; + + return 'null' if(!defined $value); + + my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value); # for round trip problem + my $flags = $b_obj->FLAGS; + + return $value # as is + if $flags & ( B::SVp_IOK | B::SVp_NOK ) and !( $flags & B::SVp_POK ); # SvTYPE is IV or NV? + + my $type = ref($value); + + if(!$type){ + return string_to_json($self, $value); + } + elsif( blessed($value) and $value->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean') ){ + return $$value == 1 ? 'true' : 'false'; + } + elsif ($type) { + if ((overload::StrVal($value) =~ /=(\w+)/)[0]) { + return $self->value_to_json("$value"); + } + + if ($type eq 'SCALAR' and defined $$value) { + return $$value eq '1' ? 'true' + : $$value eq '0' ? 'false' + : $self->{PROPS}->[ P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN ] ? 'null' + : encode_error("cannot encode reference to scalar"); + } + + if ( $self->{PROPS}->[ P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN ] ) { + return 'null'; + } + else { + if ( $type eq 'SCALAR' or $type eq 'REF' ) { + encode_error("cannot encode reference to scalar"); + } + else { + encode_error("encountered $value, but JSON can only represent references to arrays or hashes"); + } + } + + } + else { + return $self->{fallback}->($value) + if ($self->{fallback} and ref($self->{fallback}) eq 'CODE'); + return 'null'; + } + + } + + + my %esc = ( + "\n" => '\n', + "\r" => '\r', + "\t" => '\t', + "\f" => '\f', + "\b" => '\b', + "\"" => '\"', + "\\" => '\\\\', + "\'" => '\\\'', + ); + + + sub string_to_json { + my ($self, $arg) = @_; + + $arg =~ s/([\x22\x5c\n\r\t\f\b])/$esc{$1}/g; + $arg =~ s/\//\\\//g if ($escape_slash); + $arg =~ s/([\x00-\x08\x0b\x0e-\x1f])/'\\u00' . unpack('H2', $1)/eg; + + if ($ascii) { + $arg = JSON_PP_encode_ascii($arg); + } + + if ($latin1) { + $arg = JSON_PP_encode_latin1($arg); + } + + if ($utf8) { + utf8::encode($arg); + } + + return '"' . $arg . '"'; + } + + + sub blessed_to_json { + my $reftype = reftype($_[1]) || ''; + if ($reftype eq 'HASH') { + return $_[0]->hash_to_json($_[1]); + } + elsif ($reftype eq 'ARRAY') { + return $_[0]->array_to_json($_[1]); + } + else { + return 'null'; + } + } + + + sub encode_error { + my $error = shift; + Carp::croak "$error"; + } + + + sub _sort { + defined $keysort ? (sort $keysort (keys %{$_[0]})) : keys %{$_[0]}; + } + + + sub _up_indent { + my $self = shift; + my $space = ' ' x $indent_length; + + my ($pre,$post) = ('',''); + + $post = "\n" . $space x $indent_count; + + $indent_count++; + + $pre = "\n" . $space x $indent_count; + + return ($pre,$post); + } + + + sub _down_indent { $indent_count--; } + + + sub PP_encode_box { + { + depth => $depth, + indent_count => $indent_count, + }; + } + +} # Convert + + +sub _encode_ascii { + join('', + map { + $_ <= 127 ? + chr($_) : + $_ <= 65535 ? + sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', _encode_surrogates($_)); + } unpack('U*', $_[0]) + ); +} + + +sub _encode_latin1 { + join('', + map { + $_ <= 255 ? + chr($_) : + $_ <= 65535 ? + sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', _encode_surrogates($_)); + } unpack('U*', $_[0]) + ); +} + + +sub _encode_surrogates { # from perlunicode + my $uni = $_[0] - 0x10000; + return ($uni / 0x400 + 0xD800, $uni % 0x400 + 0xDC00); +} + + +sub _is_bignum { + $_[0]->isa('Math::BigInt') or $_[0]->isa('Math::BigFloat'); +} + + + +# +# JSON => Perl +# + +my $max_intsize; + +BEGIN { + my $checkint = 1111; + for my $d (5..64) { + $checkint .= 1; + my $int = eval qq| $checkint |; + if ($int =~ /[eE]/) { + $max_intsize = $d - 1; + last; + } + } +} + +{ # PARSE + + my %escapes = ( # by Jeremy Muhlich <jmuhlich [at] bitflood.org> + b => "\x8", + t => "\x9", + n => "\xA", + f => "\xC", + r => "\xD", + '\\' => '\\', + '"' => '"', + '/' => '/', + ); + + my $text; # json data + my $at; # offset + my $ch; # 1chracter + my $len; # text length (changed according to UTF8 or NON UTF8) + # INTERNAL + my $depth; # nest counter + my $encoding; # json text encoding + my $is_valid_utf8; # temp variable + my $utf8_len; # utf8 byte length + # FLAGS + my $utf8; # must be utf8 + my $max_depth; # max nest nubmer of objects and arrays + my $max_size; + my $relaxed; + my $cb_object; + my $cb_sk_object; + + my $F_HOOK; + + my $allow_bigint; # using Math::BigInt + my $singlequote; # loosely quoting + my $loose; # + my $allow_barekey; # bareKey + + # $opt flag + # 0x00000001 .... decode_prefix + # 0x10000000 .... incr_parse + + sub PP_decode_json { + my ($self, $opt); # $opt is an effective flag during this decode_json. + + ($self, $text, $opt) = @_; + + ($at, $ch, $depth) = (0, '', 0); + + if ( !defined $text or ref $text ) { + decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom"); + } + + my $idx = $self->{PROPS}; + + ($utf8, $relaxed, $loose, $allow_bigint, $allow_barekey, $singlequote) + = @{$idx}[P_UTF8, P_RELAXED, P_LOOSE .. P_ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE]; + + if ( $utf8 ) { + utf8::downgrade( $text, 1 ) or Carp::croak("Wide character in subroutine entry"); + } + else { + utf8::upgrade( $text ); + } + + $len = length $text; + + ($max_depth, $max_size, $cb_object, $cb_sk_object, $F_HOOK) + = @{$self}{qw/max_depth max_size cb_object cb_sk_object F_HOOK/}; + + if ($max_size > 1) { + use bytes; + my $bytes = length $text; + decode_error( + sprintf("attempted decode of JSON text of %s bytes size, but max_size is set to %s" + , $bytes, $max_size), 1 + ) if ($bytes > $max_size); + } + + # Currently no effect + # should use regexp + my @octets = unpack('C4', $text); + $encoding = ( $octets[0] and $octets[1]) ? 'UTF-8' + : (!$octets[0] and $octets[1]) ? 'UTF-16BE' + : (!$octets[0] and !$octets[1]) ? 'UTF-32BE' + : ( $octets[2] ) ? 'UTF-16LE' + : (!$octets[2] ) ? 'UTF-32LE' + : 'unknown'; + + white(); # remove head white space + + my $valid_start = defined $ch; # Is there a first character for JSON structure? + + my $result = value(); + + return undef if ( !$result && ( $opt & 0x10000000 ) ); # for incr_parse + + decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom") unless $valid_start; + + if ( !$idx->[ P_ALLOW_NONREF ] and !ref $result ) { + decode_error( + 'JSON text must be an object or array (but found number, string, true, false or null,' + . ' use allow_nonref to allow this)', 1); + } + + Carp::croak('something wrong.') if $len < $at; # we won't arrive here. + + my $consumed = defined $ch ? $at - 1 : $at; # consumed JSON text length + + white(); # remove tail white space + + if ( $ch ) { + return ( $result, $consumed ) if ($opt & 0x00000001); # all right if decode_prefix + decode_error("garbage after JSON object"); + } + + ( $opt & 0x00000001 ) ? ( $result, $consumed ) : $result; + } + + + sub next_chr { + return $ch = undef if($at >= $len); + $ch = substr($text, $at++, 1); + } + + + sub value { + white(); + return if(!defined $ch); + return object() if($ch eq '{'); + return array() if($ch eq '['); + return string() if($ch eq '"' or ($singlequote and $ch eq "'")); + return number() if($ch =~ /[0-9]/ or $ch eq '-'); + return word(); + } + + sub string { + my ($i, $s, $t, $u); + my $utf16; + my $is_utf8; + + ($is_valid_utf8, $utf8_len) = ('', 0); + + $s = ''; # basically UTF8 flag on + + if($ch eq '"' or ($singlequote and $ch eq "'")){ + my $boundChar = $ch; + + OUTER: while( defined(next_chr()) ){ + + if($ch eq $boundChar){ + next_chr(); + + if ($utf16) { + decode_error("missing low surrogate character in surrogate pair"); + } + + utf8::decode($s) if($is_utf8); + + return $s; + } + elsif($ch eq '\\'){ + next_chr(); + if(exists $escapes{$ch}){ + $s .= $escapes{$ch}; + } + elsif($ch eq 'u'){ # UNICODE handling + my $u = ''; + + for(1..4){ + $ch = next_chr(); + last OUTER if($ch !~ /[0-9a-fA-F]/); + $u .= $ch; + } + + # U+D800 - U+DBFF + if ($u =~ /^[dD][89abAB][0-9a-fA-F]{2}/) { # UTF-16 high surrogate? + $utf16 = $u; + } + # U+DC00 - U+DFFF + elsif ($u =~ /^[dD][c-fC-F][0-9a-fA-F]{2}/) { # UTF-16 low surrogate? + unless (defined $utf16) { + decode_error("missing high surrogate character in surrogate pair"); + } + $is_utf8 = 1; + $s .= JSON_PP_decode_surrogates($utf16, $u) || next; + $utf16 = undef; + } + else { + if (defined $utf16) { + decode_error("surrogate pair expected"); + } + + if ( ( my $hex = hex( $u ) ) > 127 ) { + $is_utf8 = 1; + $s .= JSON_PP_decode_unicode($u) || next; + } + else { + $s .= chr $hex; + } + } + + } + else{ + unless ($loose) { + $at -= 2; + decode_error('illegal backslash escape sequence in string'); + } + $s .= $ch; + } + } + else{ + + if ( ord $ch > 127 ) { + if ( $utf8 ) { + unless( $ch = is_valid_utf8($ch) ) { + $at -= 1; + decode_error("malformed UTF-8 character in JSON string"); + } + else { + $at += $utf8_len - 1; + } + } + else { + utf8::encode( $ch ); + } + + $is_utf8 = 1; + } + + if (!$loose) { + if ($ch =~ /[\x00-\x1f\x22\x5c]/) { # '/' ok + $at--; + decode_error('invalid character encountered while parsing JSON string'); + } + } + + $s .= $ch; + } + } + } + + decode_error("unexpected end of string while parsing JSON string"); + } + + + sub white { + while( defined $ch ){ + if($ch le ' '){ + next_chr(); + } + elsif($ch eq '/'){ + next_chr(); + if(defined $ch and $ch eq '/'){ + 1 while(defined(next_chr()) and $ch ne "\n" and $ch ne "\r"); + } + elsif(defined $ch and $ch eq '*'){ + next_chr(); + while(1){ + if(defined $ch){ + if($ch eq '*'){ + if(defined(next_chr()) and $ch eq '/'){ + next_chr(); + last; + } + } + else{ + next_chr(); + } + } + else{ + decode_error("Unterminated comment"); + } + } + next; + } + else{ + $at--; + decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom"); + } + } + else{ + if ($relaxed and $ch eq '#') { # correctly? + pos($text) = $at; + $text =~ /\G([^\n]*(?:\r\n|\r|\n|$))/g; + $at = pos($text); + next_chr; + next; + } + + last; + } + } + } + + + sub array { + my $a = $_[0] || []; # you can use this code to use another array ref object. + + decode_error('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)') + if (++$depth > $max_depth); + + next_chr(); + white(); + + if(defined $ch and $ch eq ']'){ + --$depth; + next_chr(); + return $a; + } + else { + while(defined($ch)){ + push @$a, value(); + + white(); + + if (!defined $ch) { + last; + } + + if($ch eq ']'){ + --$depth; + next_chr(); + return $a; + } + + if($ch ne ','){ + last; + } + + next_chr(); + white(); + + if ($relaxed and $ch eq ']') { + --$depth; + next_chr(); + return $a; + } + + } + } + + decode_error(", or ] expected while parsing array"); + } + + + sub object { + my $o = $_[0] || {}; # you can use this code to use another hash ref object. + my $k; + + decode_error('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)') + if (++$depth > $max_depth); + next_chr(); + white(); + + if(defined $ch and $ch eq '}'){ + --$depth; + next_chr(); + if ($F_HOOK) { + return _json_object_hook($o); + } + return $o; + } + else { + while (defined $ch) { + $k = ($allow_barekey and $ch ne '"' and $ch ne "'") ? bareKey() : string(); + white(); + + if(!defined $ch or $ch ne ':'){ + $at--; + decode_error("':' expected"); + } + + next_chr(); + $o->{$k} = value(); + white(); + + last if (!defined $ch); + + if($ch eq '}'){ + --$depth; + next_chr(); + if ($F_HOOK) { + return _json_object_hook($o); + } + return $o; + } + + if($ch ne ','){ + last; + } + + next_chr(); + white(); + + if ($relaxed and $ch eq '}') { + --$depth; + next_chr(); + if ($F_HOOK) { + return _json_object_hook($o); + } + return $o; + } + + } + + } + + $at--; + decode_error(", or } expected while parsing object/hash"); + } + + + sub bareKey { # doesn't strictly follow Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition + my $key; + while($ch =~ /[^\x00-\x23\x25-\x2F\x3A-\x40\x5B-\x5E\x60\x7B-\x7F]/){ + $key .= $ch; + next_chr(); + } + return $key; + } + + + sub word { + my $word = substr($text,$at-1,4); + + if($word eq 'true'){ + $at += 3; + next_chr; + return $JSON::PP::true; + } + elsif($word eq 'null'){ + $at += 3; + next_chr; + return undef; + } + elsif($word eq 'fals'){ + $at += 3; + if(substr($text,$at,1) eq 'e'){ + $at++; + next_chr; + return $JSON::PP::false; + } + } + + $at--; # for decode_error report + + decode_error("'null' expected") if ($word =~ /^n/); + decode_error("'true' expected") if ($word =~ /^t/); + decode_error("'false' expected") if ($word =~ /^f/); + decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom"); + } + + + sub number { + my $n = ''; + my $v; + + # According to RFC4627, hex or oct digts are invalid. + if($ch eq '0'){ + my $peek = substr($text,$at,1); + my $hex = $peek =~ /[xX]/; # 0 or 1 + + if($hex){ + decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)"); + ($n) = ( substr($text, $at+1) =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]+)/); + } + else{ # oct + ($n) = ( substr($text, $at) =~ /^([0-7]+)/); + if (defined $n and length $n > 1) { + decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)"); + } + } + + if(defined $n and length($n)){ + if (!$hex and length($n) == 1) { + decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)"); + } + $at += length($n) + $hex; + next_chr; + return $hex ? hex($n) : oct($n); + } + } + + if($ch eq '-'){ + $n = '-'; + next_chr; + if (!defined $ch or $ch !~ /\d/) { + decode_error("malformed number (no digits after initial minus)"); + } + } + + while(defined $ch and $ch =~ /\d/){ + $n .= $ch; + next_chr; + } + + if(defined $ch and $ch eq '.'){ + $n .= '.'; + + next_chr; + if (!defined $ch or $ch !~ /\d/) { + decode_error("malformed number (no digits after decimal point)"); + } + else { + $n .= $ch; + } + + while(defined(next_chr) and $ch =~ /\d/){ + $n .= $ch; + } + } + + if(defined $ch and ($ch eq 'e' or $ch eq 'E')){ + $n .= $ch; + next_chr; + + if(defined($ch) and ($ch eq '+' or $ch eq '-')){ + $n .= $ch; + next_chr; + if (!defined $ch or $ch =~ /\D/) { + decode_error("malformed number (no digits after exp sign)"); + } + $n .= $ch; + } + elsif(defined($ch) and $ch =~ /\d/){ + $n .= $ch; + } + else { + decode_error("malformed number (no digits after exp sign)"); + } + + while(defined(next_chr) and $ch =~ /\d/){ + $n .= $ch; + } + + } + + $v .= $n; + + if ($v !~ /[.eE]/ and length $v > $max_intsize) { + if ($allow_bigint) { # from Adam Sussman + require Math::BigInt; + return Math::BigInt->new($v); + } + else { + return "$v"; + } + } + elsif ($allow_bigint) { + require Math::BigFloat; + return Math::BigFloat->new($v); + } + + return 0+$v; + } + + + sub is_valid_utf8 { + + $utf8_len = $_[0] =~ /[\x00-\x7F]/ ? 1 + : $_[0] =~ /[\xC2-\xDF]/ ? 2 + : $_[0] =~ /[\xE0-\xEF]/ ? 3 + : $_[0] =~ /[\xF0-\xF4]/ ? 4 + : 0 + ; + + return unless $utf8_len; + + my $is_valid_utf8 = substr($text, $at - 1, $utf8_len); + + return ( $is_valid_utf8 =~ /^(?: + [\x00-\x7F] + |[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] + |[\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF] + )$/x ) ? $is_valid_utf8 : ''; + } + + + sub decode_error { + my $error = shift; + my $no_rep = shift; + my $str = defined $text ? substr($text, $at) : ''; + my $mess = ''; + my $type = $] >= 5.008 ? 'U*' + : $] < 5.006 ? 'C*' + : utf8::is_utf8( $str ) ? 'U*' # 5.6 + : 'C*' + ; + + for my $c ( unpack( $type, $str ) ) { # emulate pv_uni_display() ? + $mess .= $c == 0x07 ? '\a' + : $c == 0x09 ? '\t' + : $c == 0x0a ? '\n' + : $c == 0x0d ? '\r' + : $c == 0x0c ? '\f' + : $c < 0x20 ? sprintf('\x{%x}', $c) + : $c == 0x5c ? '\\\\' + : $c < 0x80 ? chr($c) + : sprintf('\x{%x}', $c) + ; + if ( length $mess >= 20 ) { + $mess .= '...'; + last; + } + } + + unless ( length $mess ) { + $mess = '(end of string)'; + } + + Carp::croak ( + $no_rep ? "$error" : "$error, at character offset $at (before \"$mess\")" + ); + + } + + + sub _json_object_hook { + my $o = $_[0]; + my @ks = keys %{$o}; + + if ( $cb_sk_object and @ks == 1 and exists $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] } and ref $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] } ) { + my @val = $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] }->( $o->{$ks[0]} ); + if (@val == 1) { + return $val[0]; + } + } + + my @val = $cb_object->($o) if ($cb_object); + if (@val == 0 or @val > 1) { + return $o; + } + else { + return $val[0]; + } + } + + + sub PP_decode_box { + { + text => $text, + at => $at, + ch => $ch, + len => $len, + depth => $depth, + encoding => $encoding, + is_valid_utf8 => $is_valid_utf8, + }; + } + +} # PARSE + + +sub _decode_surrogates { # from perlunicode + my $uni = 0x10000 + (hex($_[0]) - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (hex($_[1]) - 0xDC00); + my $un = pack('U*', $uni); + utf8::encode( $un ); + return $un; +} + + +sub _decode_unicode { + my $un = pack('U', hex shift); + utf8::encode( $un ); + return $un; +} + +# +# Setup for various Perl versions (the code from JSON::PP58) +# + +BEGIN { + + unless ( defined &utf8::is_utf8 ) { + require Encode; + *utf8::is_utf8 = *Encode::is_utf8; + } + + if ( $] >= 5.008 ) { + *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&_encode_ascii; + *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&_encode_latin1; + *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&_decode_surrogates; + *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&_decode_unicode; + } + + if ($] >= 5.008 and $] < 5.008003) { # join() in 5.8.0 - 5.8.2 is broken. + package JSON::PP; + require subs; + subs->import('join'); + eval q| + sub join { + return '' if (@_ < 2); + my $j = shift; + my $str = shift; + for (@_) { $str .= $j . $_; } + return $str; + } + |; + } + + + sub JSON::PP::incr_parse { + local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; + ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_parse( @_ ); + } + + + sub JSON::PP::incr_skip { + ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_skip; + } + + + sub JSON::PP::incr_reset { + ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_reset; + } + + eval q{ + sub JSON::PP::incr_text : lvalue { + $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new; + + if ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_parsing} ) { + Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing"); + } + $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text}; + } + } if ( $] >= 5.006 ); + +} # Setup for various Perl versions (the code from JSON::PP58) + + +############################### +# Utilities +# + +BEGIN { + eval 'require Scalar::Util'; + unless($@){ + *JSON::PP::blessed = \&Scalar::Util::blessed; + *JSON::PP::reftype = \&Scalar::Util::reftype; + *JSON::PP::refaddr = \&Scalar::Util::refaddr; + } + else{ # This code is from Sclar::Util. + # warn $@; + eval 'sub UNIVERSAL::a_sub_not_likely_to_be_here { ref($_[0]) }'; + *JSON::PP::blessed = sub { + local($@, $SIG{__DIE__}, $SIG{__WARN__}); + ref($_[0]) ? eval { $_[0]->a_sub_not_likely_to_be_here } : undef; + }; + my %tmap = qw( + B::NULL SCALAR + B::HV HASH + B::AV ARRAY + B::CV CODE + B::IO IO + B::GV GLOB + B::REGEXP REGEXP + ); + *JSON::PP::reftype = sub { + my $r = shift; + + return undef unless length(ref($r)); + + my $t = ref(B::svref_2object($r)); + + return + exists $tmap{$t} ? $tmap{$t} + : length(ref($$r)) ? 'REF' + : 'SCALAR'; + }; + *JSON::PP::refaddr = sub { + return undef unless length(ref($_[0])); + + my $addr; + if(defined(my $pkg = blessed($_[0]))) { + $addr .= bless $_[0], 'Scalar::Util::Fake'; + bless $_[0], $pkg; + } + else { + $addr .= $_[0] + } + + $addr =~ /0x(\w+)/; + local $^W; + #no warnings 'portable'; + hex($1); + } + } +} + + +# shamely copied and modified from JSON::XS code. + +$JSON::PP::true = do { bless \(my $dummy = 1), "JSON::PP::Boolean" }; +$JSON::PP::false = do { bless \(my $dummy = 0), "JSON::PP::Boolean" }; + +sub is_bool { defined $_[0] and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], "JSON::PP::Boolean"); } + +sub true { $JSON::PP::true } +sub false { $JSON::PP::false } +sub null { undef; } + +############################### + +package JSON::PP::Boolean; + +use overload ( + "0+" => sub { ${$_[0]} }, + "++" => sub { $_[0] = ${$_[0]} + 1 }, + "--" => sub { $_[0] = ${$_[0]} - 1 }, + fallback => 1, +); + + +############################### + +package JSON::PP::IncrParser; + +use strict; + +use constant INCR_M_WS => 0; # initial whitespace skipping +use constant INCR_M_STR => 1; # inside string +use constant INCR_M_BS => 2; # inside backslash +use constant INCR_M_JSON => 3; # outside anything, count nesting +use constant INCR_M_C0 => 4; +use constant INCR_M_C1 => 5; + +$JSON::PP::IncrParser::VERSION = '1.01'; + +my $unpack_format = $] < 5.006 ? 'C*' : 'U*'; + +sub new { + my ( $class ) = @_; + + bless { + incr_nest => 0, + incr_text => undef, + incr_parsing => 0, + incr_p => 0, + }, $class; +} + + +sub incr_parse { + my ( $self, $coder, $text ) = @_; + + $self->{incr_text} = '' unless ( defined $self->{incr_text} ); + + if ( defined $text ) { + if ( utf8::is_utf8( $text ) and !utf8::is_utf8( $self->{incr_text} ) ) { + utf8::upgrade( $self->{incr_text} ) ; + utf8::decode( $self->{incr_text} ) ; + } + $self->{incr_text} .= $text; + } + + + my $max_size = $coder->get_max_size; + + if ( defined wantarray ) { + + $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_WS; + + if ( wantarray ) { + my @ret; + + $self->{incr_parsing} = 1; + + do { + push @ret, $self->_incr_parse( $coder, $self->{incr_text} ); + + unless ( !$self->{incr_nest} and $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON ) { + $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_WS; + } + + } until ( !$self->{incr_text} ); + + $self->{incr_parsing} = 0; + + return @ret; + } + else { # in scalar context + $self->{incr_parsing} = 1; + my $obj = $self->_incr_parse( $coder, $self->{incr_text} ); + $self->{incr_parsing} = 0 if defined $obj; # pointed by Martin J. Evans + return $obj ? $obj : undef; # $obj is an empty string, parsing was completed. + } + + } + +} + + +sub _incr_parse { + my ( $self, $coder, $text, $skip ) = @_; + my $p = $self->{incr_p}; + my $restore = $p; + + my @obj; + my $len = length $text; + + if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_WS ) { + while ( $len > $p ) { + my $s = substr( $text, $p, 1 ); + $p++ and next if ( 0x20 >= unpack($unpack_format, $s) ); + $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON; + last; + } + } + + while ( $len > $p ) { + my $s = substr( $text, $p++, 1 ); + + if ( $s eq '"' ) { + if ( $self->{incr_mode} != INCR_M_STR ) { + $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_STR; + } + else { + $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON; + unless ( $self->{incr_nest} ) { + last; + } + } + } + + if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON ) { + + if ( $s eq '[' or $s eq '{' ) { + if ( ++$self->{incr_nest} > $coder->get_max_depth ) { + Carp::croak('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)'); + } + } + elsif ( $s eq ']' or $s eq '}' ) { + last if ( --$self->{incr_nest} <= 0 ); + } + elsif ( $s eq '#' ) { + while ( $len > $p ) { + last if substr( $text, $p++, 1 ) eq "\n"; + } + } + + } + + } + + $self->{incr_p} = $p; + + return if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON and $self->{incr_nest} > 0 ); + + return '' unless ( length substr( $self->{incr_text}, 0, $p ) ); + + local $Carp::CarpLevel = 2; + + $self->{incr_p} = $restore; + $self->{incr_c} = $p; + + my ( $obj, $tail ) = $coder->PP_decode_json( substr( $self->{incr_text}, 0, $p ), 0x10000001 ); + + $self->{incr_text} = substr( $self->{incr_text}, $p ); + $self->{incr_p} = 0; + + return $obj or ''; +} + + +sub incr_text { + if ( $_[0]->{incr_parsing} ) { + Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing"); + } + $_[0]->{incr_text}; +} + + +sub incr_skip { + my $self = shift; + $self->{incr_text} = substr( $self->{incr_text}, $self->{incr_c} ); + $self->{incr_p} = 0; +} + + +sub incr_reset { + my $self = shift; + $self->{incr_text} = undef; + $self->{incr_p} = 0; + $self->{incr_mode} = 0; + $self->{incr_nest} = 0; + $self->{incr_parsing} = 0; +} + +############################### + + +1; +__END__ +=pod + +=head1 NAME + +JSON::PP - JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module. + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + + use JSON::PP; + + # exported functions, they croak on error + # and expect/generate UTF-8 + + $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref; + $perl_hash_or_arrayref = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text; + + # OO-interface + + $coder = JSON::PP->new->ascii->pretty->allow_nonref; + + $json_text = $json->encode( $perl_scalar ); + $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text ); + + $pretty_printed = $json->pretty->encode( $perl_scalar ); # pretty-printing + + # Note that JSON version 2.0 and above will automatically use + # JSON::XS or JSON::PP, so you should be able to just: + + use JSON; + + +=head1 VERSION + + 2.27105 + +L<JSON::XS> 2.27 compatible. + +=head1 NOTE + +JSON::PP was inculded in JSON distribution (CPAN module). +It comes to be a perl core module in Perl 5.14. + + [STEPS] + + * release this module as JSON::PPdev. + + * release other PP::* modules as JSON::PP::Compat*. + + * JSON distribution will inculde yet another JSON::PP modules. + They are JSNO::backportPP. So JSON.pm should work as it did at all! + + * remove JSON::PP and JSON::PP::* modules from JSON distribution + and release it as developer version. + + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + * release JSON distribution as stable version. + + * rename JSON::PPdev into JSON::PP and release on CPAN. <<<< HERE + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +This module is L<JSON::XS> compatible pure Perl module. +(Perl 5.8 or later is recommended) + +JSON::XS is the fastest and most proper JSON module on CPAN. +It is written by Marc Lehmann in C, so must be compiled and +installed in the used environment. + +JSON::PP is a pure-Perl module and has compatibility to JSON::XS. + + +=head2 FEATURES + +=over + +=item * correct unicode handling + +This module knows how to handle Unicode (depending on Perl version). + +See to L<JSON::XS/A FEW NOTES ON UNICODE AND PERL> and L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>. + + +=item * round-trip integrity + +When you serialise a perl data structure using only data types supported +by JSON and Perl, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl +level. (e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2" just because +it looks like a number). There I<are> minor exceptions to this, read the +MAPPING section below to learn about those. + + +=item * strict checking of JSON correctness + +There is no guessing, no generating of illegal JSON texts by default, +and only JSON is accepted as input by default (the latter is a security feature). +But when some options are set, loose chcking features are available. + +=back + +=head1 FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE + +Some documents are copied and modified from L<JSON::XS/FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE>. + +=head2 encode_json + + $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar + +Converts the given Perl data structure to a UTF-8 encoded, binary string. + +This function call is functionally identical to: + + $json_text = JSON::PP->new->utf8->encode($perl_scalar) + +=head2 decode_json + + $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text + +The opposite of C<encode_json>: expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and tries +to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the resulting +reference. + +This function call is functionally identical to: + + $perl_scalar = JSON::PP->new->utf8->decode($json_text) + +=head2 JSON::PP::is_bool + + $is_boolean = JSON::PP::is_bool($scalar) + +Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::PP::true or +JSON::PP::false, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0> respectively +and are also used to represent JSON C<true> and C<false> in Perl strings. + +=head2 JSON::PP::true + +Returns JSON true value which is blessed object. +It C<isa> JSON::PP::Boolean object. + +=head2 JSON::PP::false + +Returns JSON false value which is blessed object. +It C<isa> JSON::PP::Boolean object. + +=head2 JSON::PP::null + +Returns C<undef>. + +See L<MAPPING>, below, for more information on how JSON values are mapped to +Perl. + + +=head1 HOW DO I DECODE A DATA FROM OUTER AND ENCODE TO OUTER + +This section supposes that your perl vresion is 5.8 or later. + +If you know a JSON text from an outer world - a network, a file content, and so on, +is encoded in UTF-8, you should use C<decode_json> or C<JSON> module object +with C<utf8> enable. And the decoded result will contain UNICODE characters. + + # from network + my $json = JSON::PP->new->utf8; + my $json_text = CGI->new->param( 'json_data' ); + my $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text ); + + # from file content + local $/; + open( my $fh, '<', 'json.data' ); + $json_text = <$fh>; + $perl_scalar = decode_json( $json_text ); + +If an outer data is not encoded in UTF-8, firstly you should C<decode> it. + + use Encode; + local $/; + open( my $fh, '<', 'json.data' ); + my $encoding = 'cp932'; + my $unicode_json_text = decode( $encoding, <$fh> ); # UNICODE + + # or you can write the below code. + # + # open( my $fh, "<:encoding($encoding)", 'json.data' ); + # $unicode_json_text = <$fh>; + +In this case, C<$unicode_json_text> is of course UNICODE string. +So you B<cannot> use C<decode_json> nor C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> enable. +Instead of them, you use C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> disable. + + $perl_scalar = $json->utf8(0)->decode( $unicode_json_text ); + +Or C<encode 'utf8'> and C<decode_json>: + + $perl_scalar = decode_json( encode( 'utf8', $unicode_json_text ) ); + # this way is not efficient. + +And now, you want to convert your C<$perl_scalar> into JSON data and +send it to an outer world - a network or a file content, and so on. + +Your data usually contains UNICODE strings and you want the converted data to be encoded +in UTF-8, you should use C<encode_json> or C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> enable. + + print encode_json( $perl_scalar ); # to a network? file? or display? + # or + print $json->utf8->encode( $perl_scalar ); + +If C<$perl_scalar> does not contain UNICODE but C<$encoding>-encoded strings +for some reason, then its characters are regarded as B<latin1> for perl +(because it does not concern with your $encoding). +You B<cannot> use C<encode_json> nor C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> enable. +Instead of them, you use C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> disable. +Note that the resulted text is a UNICODE string but no problem to print it. + + # $perl_scalar contains $encoding encoded string values + $unicode_json_text = $json->utf8(0)->encode( $perl_scalar ); + # $unicode_json_text consists of characters less than 0x100 + print $unicode_json_text; + +Or C<decode $encoding> all string values and C<encode_json>: + + $perl_scalar->{ foo } = decode( $encoding, $perl_scalar->{ foo } ); + # ... do it to each string values, then encode_json + $json_text = encode_json( $perl_scalar ); + +This method is a proper way but probably not efficient. + +See to L<Encode>, L<perluniintro>. + + +=head1 METHODS + +Basically, check to L<JSON> or L<JSON::XS>. + +=head2 new + + $json = new JSON::PP + +Rturns a new JSON::PP object that can be used to de/encode JSON +strings. + +All boolean flags described below are by default I<disabled>. + +The mutators for flags all return the JSON object again and thus calls can +be chained: + + my $json = JSON::PP->new->utf8->space_after->encode({a => [1,2]}) + => {"a": [1, 2]} + +=head2 ascii + + $json = $json->ascii([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_ascii + +If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will not generate characters outside +the code range 0..127. Any Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either +a single \uXXXX or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, as per RFC4627. +(See to L<JSON::XS/OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE>). + +In Perl 5.005, there is no character having high value (more than 255). +See to L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>. + +If $enable is false, then the encode method will not escape Unicode characters unless +required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This results in a faster and more compact format. + + JSON::PP->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401]) + => ["\ud801\udc01"] + +=head2 latin1 + + $json = $json->latin1([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_latin1 + +If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will encode the resulting JSON +text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any characters outside the code range 0..255. + +If $enable is false, then the encode method will not escape Unicode characters +unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags. + + JSON::XS->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"] + => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not) + +See to L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>. + +=head2 utf8 + + $json = $json->utf8([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_utf8 + +If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will encode the JSON result +into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the decode method expects to be handled +an UTF-8-encoded string. Please note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any +characters outside the range 0..255, they are thus useful for bytewise/binary I/O. + +(In Perl 5.005, any character outside the range 0..255 does not exist. +See to L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>.) + +In future versions, enabling this option might enable autodetection of the UTF-16 and UTF-32 +encoding families, as described in RFC4627. + +If $enable is false, then the encode method will return the JSON string as a (non-encoded) +Unicode string, while decode expects thus a Unicode string. Any decoding or encoding +(e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module. + +Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON: + + use Encode; + $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON::PP->new->encode ($object); + +Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON: + + use Encode; + $object = JSON::PP->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext); + + +=head2 pretty + + $json = $json->pretty([$enable]) + +This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and +C<space_after> flags in one call to generate the most readable +(or most compact) form possible. + +Equivalent to: + + $json->indent->space_before->space_after + +=head2 indent + + $json = $json->indent([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_indent + +The default indent space length is three. +You can use C<indent_length> to change the length. + +=head2 space_before + + $json = $json->space_before([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_space_before + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra +optional space before the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects. + +If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra +space at those places. + +This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. + +Example, space_before enabled, space_after and indent disabled: + + {"key" :"value"} + +=head2 space_after + + $json = $json->space_after([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_space_after + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra +optional space after the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects +and extra whitespace after the C<,> separating key-value pairs and array +members. + +If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra +space at those places. + +This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. + +Example, space_before and indent disabled, space_after enabled: + + {"key": "value"} + +=head2 relaxed + + $json = $json->relaxed([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_relaxed + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept some +extensions to normal JSON syntax (see below). C<encode> will not be +affected in anyway. I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid +JSON texts as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to +parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration files, +resource files etc.) + +If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept +valid JSON texts. + +Currently accepted extensions are: + +=over 4 + +=item * list items can have an end-comma + +JSON I<separates> array elements and key-value pairs with commas. This +can be annoying if you write JSON texts manually and want to be able to +quickly append elements, so this extension accepts comma at the end of +such items not just between them: + + [ + 1, + 2, <- this comma not normally allowed + ] + { + "k1": "v1", + "k2": "v2", <- this comma not normally allowed + } + +=item * shell-style '#'-comments + +Whenever JSON allows whitespace, shell-style comments are additionally +allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-return or line-feed +character, after which more white-space and comments are allowed. + + [ + 1, # this comment not allowed in JSON + # neither this one... + ] + +=back + +=head2 canonical + + $json = $json->canonical([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_canonical + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will output JSON objects +by sorting their keys. This is adding a comparatively high overhead. + +If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will output key-value +pairs in the order Perl stores them (which will likely change between runs +of the same script). + +This option is useful if you want the same data structure to be encoded as +the same JSON text (given the same overall settings). If it is disabled, +the same hash might be encoded differently even if contains the same data, +as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl. + +This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. + +If you want your own sorting routine, you can give a code referece +or a subroutine name to C<sort_by>. See to C<JSON::PP OWN METHODS>. + +=head2 allow_nonref + + $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method can convert a +non-reference into its corresponding string, number or null JSON value, +which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise, C<decode> will accept those JSON +values instead of croaking. + +If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will croak if it isn't +passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON texts must either be an object +or array. Likewise, C<decode> will croak if given something that is not a +JSON object or array. + + JSON::PP->new->allow_nonref->encode ("Hello, World!") + => "Hello, World!" + +=head2 allow_unknown + + $json = $json->allow_unknown ([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown + +If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode" will *not* throw an +exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON (for +example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON "null" value. +Note that blessed objects are not included here and are handled +separately by c<allow_nonref>. + +If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will throw an +exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON. + +This option does not affect "decode" in any way, and it is +recommended to leave it off unless you know your communications +partner. + +=head2 allow_blessed + + $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not +barf when it encounters a blessed reference. Instead, the value of the +B<convert_blessed> option will decide whether C<null> (C<convert_blessed> +disabled or no C<TO_JSON> method found) or a representation of the +object (C<convert_blessed> enabled and C<TO_JSON> method found) is being +encoded. Has no effect on C<decode>. + +If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an +exception when it encounters a blessed object. + +=head2 convert_blessed + + $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode>, upon encountering a +blessed object, will check for the availability of the C<TO_JSON> method +on the object's class. If found, it will be called in scalar context +and the resulting scalar will be encoded instead of the object. If no +C<TO_JSON> method is found, the value of C<allow_blessed> will decide what +to do. + +The C<TO_JSON> method may safely call die if it wants. If C<TO_JSON> +returns other blessed objects, those will be handled in the same +way. C<TO_JSON> must take care of not causing an endless recursion cycle +(== crash) in this case. The name of C<TO_JSON> was chosen because other +methods called by the Perl core (== not by the user of the object) are +usually in upper case letters and to avoid collisions with the C<to_json> +function or method. + +This setting does not yet influence C<decode> in any way. + +If C<$enable> is false, then the C<allow_blessed> setting will decide what +to do when a blessed object is found. + +=head2 filter_json_object + + $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef]) + +When C<$coderef> is specified, it will be called from C<decode> each +time it decodes a JSON object. The only argument passed to the coderef +is a reference to the newly-created hash. If the code references returns +a single scalar (which need not be a reference), this value +(i.e. a copy of that scalar to avoid aliasing) is inserted into the +deserialised data structure. If it returns an empty list +(NOTE: I<not> C<undef>, which is a valid scalar), the original deserialised +hash will be inserted. This setting can slow down decoding considerably. + +When C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, any existing callback will +be removed and C<decode> will not change the deserialised hash in any +way. + +Example, convert all JSON objects into the integer 5: + + my $js = JSON::PP->new->filter_json_object (sub { 5 }); + # returns [5] + $js->decode ('[{}]'); # the given subroutine takes a hash reference. + # throw an exception because allow_nonref is not enabled + # so a lone 5 is not allowed. + $js->decode ('{"a":1, "b":2}'); + +=head2 filter_json_single_key_object + + $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef]) + +Works remotely similar to C<filter_json_object>, but is only called for +JSON objects having a single key named C<$key>. + +This C<$coderef> is called before the one specified via +C<filter_json_object>, if any. It gets passed the single value in the JSON +object. If it returns a single value, it will be inserted into the data +structure. If it returns nothing (not even C<undef> but the empty list), +the callback from C<filter_json_object> will be called next, as if no +single-key callback were specified. + +If C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, the corresponding callback will be +disabled. There can only ever be one callback for a given key. + +As this callback gets called less often then the C<filter_json_object> +one, decoding speed will not usually suffer as much. Therefore, single-key +objects make excellent targets to serialise Perl objects into, especially +as single-key JSON objects are as close to the type-tagged value concept +as JSON gets (it's basically an ID/VALUE tuple). Of course, JSON does not +support this in any way, so you need to make sure your data never looks +like a serialised Perl hash. + +Typical names for the single object key are C<__class_whatever__>, or +C<$__dollars_are_rarely_used__$> or C<}ugly_brace_placement>, or even +things like C<__class_md5sum(classname)__>, to reduce the risk of clashing +with real hashes. + +Example, decode JSON objects of the form C<< { "__widget__" => <id> } >> +into the corresponding C<< $WIDGET{<id>} >> object: + + # return whatever is in $WIDGET{5}: + JSON::PP + ->new + ->filter_json_single_key_object (__widget__ => sub { + $WIDGET{ $_[0] } + }) + ->decode ('{"__widget__": 5') + + # this can be used with a TO_JSON method in some "widget" class + # for serialisation to json: + sub WidgetBase::TO_JSON { + my ($self) = @_; + + unless ($self->{id}) { + $self->{id} = ..get..some..id..; + $WIDGET{$self->{id}} = $self; + } + + { __widget__ => $self->{id} } + } + +=head2 shrink + + $json = $json->shrink([$enable]) + + $enabled = $json->get_shrink + +In JSON::XS, this flag resizes strings generated by either +C<encode> or C<decode> to their minimum size possible. +It will also try to downgrade any strings to octet-form if possible. + +In JSON::PP, it is noop about resizing strings but tries +C<utf8::downgrade> to the returned string by C<encode>. +See to L<utf8>. + +See to L<JSON::XS/OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE> + +=head2 max_depth + + $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth]) + + $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth + +Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding +or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl +data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at that +point. + +Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder +needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[> +characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a +given character in a string. + +If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used, which +is rarely useful. + +See L<JSON::XS/SSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful. + +When a large value (100 or more) was set and it de/encodes a deep nested object/text, +it may raise a warning 'Deep recursion on subroutin' at the perl runtime phase. + +=head2 max_size + + $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size]) + + $max_size = $json->get_max_size + +Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is +being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode> +is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not +attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no +effect on C<encode> (yet). + +If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as when +C<0> is specified). + +See L<JSON::XS/SSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful. + +=head2 encode + + $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar) + +Converts the given Perl data structure (a simple scalar or a reference +to a hash or array) to its JSON representation. Simple scalars will be +converted into JSON string or number sequences, while references to arrays +become JSON arrays and references to hashes become JSON objects. Undefined +Perl values (e.g. C<undef>) become JSON C<null> values. +References to the integers C<0> and C<1> are converted into C<true> and C<false>. + +=head2 decode + + $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text) + +The opposite of C<encode>: expects a JSON text and tries to parse it, +returning the resulting simple scalar or reference. Croaks on error. + +JSON numbers and strings become simple Perl scalars. JSON arrays become +Perl arrayrefs and JSON objects become Perl hashrefs. C<true> becomes +C<1> (C<JSON::true>), C<false> becomes C<0> (C<JSON::false>) and +C<null> becomes C<undef>. + +=head2 decode_prefix + + ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text) + +This works like the C<decode> method, but instead of raising an exception +when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON object, it will +silently stop parsing there and return the number of characters consumed +so far. + + JSON->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail") + => ([], 3) + +=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING + +Most of this section are copied and modified from L<JSON::XS/INCREMENTAL PARSING>. + +In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON texts. +This module does allow you to parse a JSON stream incrementally. +It does so by accumulating text until it has a full JSON object, which +it then can decode. This process is similar to using C<decode_prefix> +to see if a full JSON object is available, but is much more efficient +(and can be implemented with a minimum of method calls). + +This module will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is sure it +has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very simple but +truly incremental parser. This means that it sometimes won't stop as +early as the full parser, for example, it doesn't detect parenthese +mismatches. The only thing it guarantees is that it starts decoding as +soon as a syntactically valid JSON text has been seen. This means you need +to set resource limits (e.g. C<max_size>) to ensure the parser will stop +parsing in the presence if syntax errors. + +The following methods implement this incremental parser. + +=head2 incr_parse + + $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context + + $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context + + @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context + +This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text and +extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of these +functions are optional). + +If C<$string> is given, then this string is appended to the already +existing JSON fragment stored in the C<$json> object. + +After that, if the function is called in void context, it will simply +return without doing anything further. This can be used to add more text +in as many chunks as you want. + +If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to extract +exactly I<one> JSON object. If that is successful, it will return this +object, otherwise it will return C<undef>. If there is a parse error, +this method will croak just as C<decode> would do (one can then use +C<incr_skip> to skip the errornous part). This is the most common way of +using the method. + +And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many objects +from the stream as it can find and return them, or the empty list +otherwise. For this to work, there must be no separators between the JSON +objects or arrays, instead they must be concatenated back-to-back. If +an error occurs, an exception will be raised as in the scalar context +case. Note that in this case, any previously-parsed JSON texts will be +lost. + +Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and return them. + + my @objs = JSON->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]"); + +=head2 incr_text + + $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text + +This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that +is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to +C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under +all other circumstances you must not call this function (I mean it. +although in simple tests it might actually work, it I<will> fail under +real world conditions). As a special exception, you can also call this +method before having parsed anything. + +This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a +JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text +(such as commas). + + $json->incr_text =~ s/\s*,\s*//; + +In Perl 5.005, C<lvalue> attribute is not available. +You must write codes like the below: + + $string = $json->incr_text; + $string =~ s/\s*,\s*//; + $json->incr_text( $string ); + +=head2 incr_skip + + $json->incr_skip + +This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove the +parsed text from the input buffer. This is useful after C<incr_parse> +died, in which case the input buffer and incremental parser state is left +unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to reset the parse state. + +=head2 incr_reset + + $json->incr_reset + +This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this call, +it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything. + +This is useful if you want ot repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to +ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser after +each successful decode. + +See to L<JSON::XS/INCREMENTAL PARSING> for examples. + + +=head1 JSON::PP OWN METHODS + +=head2 allow_singlequote + + $json = $json->allow_singlequote([$enable]) + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept +JSON strings quoted by single quotations that are invalid JSON +format. + + $json->allow_singlequote->decode({"foo":'bar'}); + $json->allow_singlequote->decode({'foo':"bar"}); + $json->allow_singlequote->decode({'foo':'bar'}); + +As same as the C<relaxed> option, this option may be used to parse +application-specific files written by humans. + + +=head2 allow_barekey + + $json = $json->allow_barekey([$enable]) + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept +bare keys of JSON object that are invalid JSON format. + +As same as the C<relaxed> option, this option may be used to parse +application-specific files written by humans. + + $json->allow_barekey->decode('{foo:"bar"}'); + +=head2 allow_bignum + + $json = $json->allow_bignum([$enable]) + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will convert +the big integer Perl cannot handle as integer into a L<Math::BigInt> +object and convert a floating number (any) into a L<Math::BigFloat>. + +On the contary, C<encode> converts C<Math::BigInt> objects and C<Math::BigFloat> +objects into JSON numbers with C<allow_blessed> enable. + + $json->allow_nonref->allow_blessed->allow_bignum; + $bigfloat = $json->decode('2.000000000000000000000000001'); + print $json->encode($bigfloat); + # => 2.000000000000000000000000001 + +See to L<JSON::XS/MAPPING> aboout the normal conversion of JSON number. + +=head2 loose + + $json = $json->loose([$enable]) + +The unescaped [\x00-\x1f\x22\x2f\x5c] strings are invalid in JSON strings +and the module doesn't allow to C<decode> to these (except for \x2f). +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept these +unescaped strings. + + $json->loose->decode(qq|["abc + def"]|); + +See L<JSON::XS/SSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS>. + +=head2 escape_slash + + $json = $json->escape_slash([$enable]) + +According to JSON Grammar, I<slash> (U+002F) is escaped. But default +JSON::PP (as same as JSON::XS) encodes strings without escaping slash. + +If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will escape slashes. + +=head2 indent_length + + $json = $json->indent_length($length) + +JSON::XS indent space length is 3 and cannot be changed. +JSON::PP set the indent space length with the given $length. +The default is 3. The acceptable range is 0 to 15. + +=head2 sort_by + + $json = $json->sort_by($function_name) + $json = $json->sort_by($subroutine_ref) + +If $function_name or $subroutine_ref are set, its sort routine are used +in encoding JSON objects. + + $js = $pc->sort_by(sub { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b })->encode($obj); + # is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|); + + $js = $pc->sort_by('own_sort')->encode($obj); + # is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|); + + sub JSON::PP::own_sort { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b } + +As the sorting routine runs in the JSON::PP scope, the given +subroutine name and the special variables C<$a>, C<$b> will begin +'JSON::PP::'. + +If $integer is set, then the effect is same as C<canonical> on. + +=head1 INTERNAL + +For developers. + +=over + +=item PP_encode_box + +Returns + + { + depth => $depth, + indent_count => $indent_count, + } + + +=item PP_decode_box + +Returns + + { + text => $text, + at => $at, + ch => $ch, + len => $len, + depth => $depth, + encoding => $encoding, + is_valid_utf8 => $is_valid_utf8, + }; + +=back + +=head1 MAPPING + +This section is copied from JSON::XS and modified to C<JSON::PP>. +JSON::XS and JSON::PP mapping mechanisms are almost equivalent. + +See to L<JSON::XS/MAPPING>. + +=head2 JSON -> PERL + +=over 4 + +=item object + +A JSON object becomes a reference to a hash in Perl. No ordering of object +keys is preserved (JSON does not preserver object key ordering itself). + +=item array + +A JSON array becomes a reference to an array in Perl. + +=item string + +A JSON string becomes a string scalar in Perl - Unicode codepoints in JSON +are represented by the same codepoints in the Perl string, so no manual +decoding is necessary. + +=item number + +A JSON number becomes either an integer, numeric (floating point) or +string scalar in perl, depending on its range and any fractional parts. On +the Perl level, there is no difference between those as Perl handles all +the conversion details, but an integer may take slightly less memory and +might represent more values exactly than floating point numbers. + +If the number consists of digits only, C<JSON> will try to represent +it as an integer value. If that fails, it will try to represent it as +a numeric (floating point) value if that is possible without loss of +precision. Otherwise it will preserve the number as a string value (in +which case you lose roundtripping ability, as the JSON number will be +re-encoded toa JSON string). + +Numbers containing a fractional or exponential part will always be +represented as numeric (floating point) values, possibly at a loss of +precision (in which case you might lose perfect roundtripping ability, but +the JSON number will still be re-encoded as a JSON number). + +Note that precision is not accuracy - binary floating point values cannot +represent most decimal fractions exactly, and when converting from and to +floating point, C<JSON> only guarantees precision up to but not including +the leats significant bit. + +When C<allow_bignum> is enable, the big integers +and the numeric can be optionally converted into L<Math::BigInt> and +L<Math::BigFloat> objects. + +=item true, false + +These JSON atoms become C<JSON::PP::true> and C<JSON::PP::false>, +respectively. They are overloaded to act almost exactly like the numbers +C<1> and C<0>. You can check wether a scalar is a JSON boolean by using +the C<JSON::is_bool> function. + + print JSON::PP::true . "\n"; + => true + print JSON::PP::true + 1; + => 1 + + ok(JSON::true eq '1'); + ok(JSON::true == 1); + +C<JSON> will install these missing overloading features to the backend modules. + + +=item null + +A JSON null atom becomes C<undef> in Perl. + +C<JSON::PP::null> returns C<unddef>. + +=back + + +=head2 PERL -> JSON + +The mapping from Perl to JSON is slightly more difficult, as Perl is a +truly typeless language, so we can only guess which JSON type is meant by +a Perl value. + +=over 4 + +=item hash references + +Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent ordering +in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will usually be encoded in a +pseudo-random order that can change between runs of the same program but +stays generally the same within a single run of a program. C<JSON> +optionally sort the hash keys (determined by the I<canonical> flag), so +the same datastructure will serialise to the same JSON text (given same +settings and version of JSON::XS), but this incurs a runtime overhead +and is only rarely useful, e.g. when you want to compare some JSON text +against another for equality. + + +=item array references + +Perl array references become JSON arrays. + +=item other references + +Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an +exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and +C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can +also use C<JSON::false> and C<JSON::true> to improve readability. + + to_json [\0,JSON::PP::true] # yields [false,true] + +=item JSON::PP::true, JSON::PP::false, JSON::PP::null + +These special values become JSON true and JSON false values, +respectively. You can also use C<\1> and C<\0> directly if you want. + +JSON::PP::null returns C<undef>. + +=item blessed objects + +Blessed objects are not directly representable in JSON. See the +C<allow_blessed> and C<convert_blessed> methods on various options on +how to deal with this: basically, you can choose between throwing an +exception, encoding the reference as if it weren't blessed, or provide +your own serialiser method. + +See to L<convert_blessed>. + +=item simple scalars + +Simple Perl scalars (any scalar that is not a reference) are the most +difficult objects to encode: JSON::XS and JSON::PP will encode undefined scalars as +JSON C<null> values, scalars that have last been used in a string context +before encoding as JSON strings, and anything else as number value: + + # dump as number + encode_json [2] # yields [2] + encode_json [-3.0e17] # yields [-3e+17] + my $value = 5; encode_json [$value] # yields [5] + + # used as string, so dump as string + print $value; + encode_json [$value] # yields ["5"] + + # undef becomes null + encode_json [undef] # yields [null] + +You can force the type to be a string by stringifying it: + + my $x = 3.1; # some variable containing a number + "$x"; # stringified + $x .= ""; # another, more awkward way to stringify + print $x; # perl does it for you, too, quite often + +You can force the type to be a number by numifying it: + + my $x = "3"; # some variable containing a string + $x += 0; # numify it, ensuring it will be dumped as a number + $x *= 1; # same thing, the choise is yours. + +You can not currently force the type in other, less obscure, ways. + +Note that numerical precision has the same meaning as under Perl (so +binary to decimal conversion follows the same rules as in Perl, which +can differ to other languages). Also, your perl interpreter might expose +extensions to the floating point numbers of your platform, such as +infinities or NaN's - these cannot be represented in JSON, and it is an +error to pass those in. + +=item Big Number + +When C<allow_bignum> is enable, +C<encode> converts C<Math::BigInt> objects and C<Math::BigFloat> +objects into JSON numbers. + + +=back + +=head1 UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS + +If you do not know about Unicode on Perl well, +please check L<JSON::XS/A FEW NOTES ON UNICODE AND PERL>. + +=head2 Perl 5.8 and later + +Perl can handle Unicode and the JSON::PP de/encode methods also work properly. + + $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 3042); + $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 12345); + +Reuturns C<"\u3042"> and C<"\ud808\udf45"> respectively. + + $json->allow_nonref->decode('"\u3042"'); + $json->allow_nonref->decode('"\ud808\udf45"'); + +Returns UTF-8 encoded strings with UTF8 flag, regarded as C<U+3042> and C<U+12345>. + +Note that the versions from Perl 5.8.0 to 5.8.2, Perl built-in C<join> was broken, +so JSON::PP wraps the C<join> with a subroutine. Thus JSON::PP works slow in the versions. + + +=head2 Perl 5.6 + +Perl can handle Unicode and the JSON::PP de/encode methods also work. + +=head2 Perl 5.005 + +Perl 5.005 is a byte sementics world -- all strings are sequences of bytes. +That means the unicode handling is not available. + +In encoding, + + $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 3042); # hex 3042 is 12354. + $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 12345); # hex 12345 is 74565. + +Returns C<B> and C<E>, as C<chr> takes a value more than 255, it treats +as C<$value % 256>, so the above codes are equivalent to : + + $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr 66); + $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr 69); + +In decoding, + + $json->decode('"\u00e3\u0081\u0082"'); + +The returned is a byte sequence C<0xE3 0x81 0x82> for UTF-8 encoded +japanese character (C<HIRAGANA LETTER A>). +And if it is represented in Unicode code point, C<U+3042>. + +Next, + + $json->decode('"\u3042"'); + +We ordinary expect the returned value is a Unicode character C<U+3042>. +But here is 5.005 world. This is C<0xE3 0x81 0x82>. + + $json->decode('"\ud808\udf45"'); + +This is not a character C<U+12345> but bytes - C<0xf0 0x92 0x8d 0x85>. + + +=head1 TODO + +=over + +=item speed + +=item memory saving + +=back + + +=head1 SEE ALSO + +Most of the document are copied and modified from JSON::XS doc. + +L<JSON::XS> + +RFC4627 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>) + +=head1 AUTHOR + +Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt> + + +=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE + +Copyright 2007-2010 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu + +This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the same terms as Perl itself. + +=cut diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0b1fb19b2c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +=head1 NAME + +JSON::PP::Boolean - dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + + # do not "use" yourself + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +This module exists only to provide overload resolution for Storable and similar modules. See +L<JSON::PP> for more info about this class. + +=cut + +use JSON::PP (); +use strict; + +1; + +=head1 AUTHOR + +This idea is from L<JSON::XS::Boolean> written by Marc Lehmann <schmorp[at]schmorp.de> + +=cut + |