diff options
| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-12-07 23:17:24 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-12-07 23:17:24 +0000 |
| commit | 5c5d3e08311e7868b113cc1c736608d5d8de8e16 (patch) | |
| tree | 2d13b21b58a7ed1ccea5e5727552f99e1bcca4dd /Master/texmf | |
| parent | ad19517b11a6efab668d118e28fd00a44668cbdd (diff) | |
no wget.info since we onlysupply it for win32
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@2615 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf')
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf/doc/info/wget.info | 4451 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 4451 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/wget.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/wget.info deleted file mode 100644 index 5c50f0e6e64..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/wget.info +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4451 +0,0 @@ -This is wget.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from ./wget.texi. - -INFO-DIR-SECTION Network Applications -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* Wget: (wget). The non-interactive network downloader. -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - - This file documents the the GNU Wget utility for downloading network -data. - - Copyright (C) 1996-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this -manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are -preserved on all copies. - - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the -Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License" and "GNU Free -Documentation License", with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no -Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section -entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". - - -File: wget.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Up: (dir) - -Wget 1.10.2 -*********** - -This manual documents version 1.10.2 of GNU Wget, the freely available -utility for network downloads. - - Copyright (C) 1996-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -* Menu: - -* Overview:: Features of Wget. -* Invoking:: Wget command-line arguments. -* Recursive Download:: Downloading interlinked pages. -* Following Links:: The available methods of chasing links. -* Time-Stamping:: Mirroring according to time-stamps. -* Startup File:: Wget's initialization file. -* Examples:: Examples of usage. -* Various:: The stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else. -* Appendices:: Some useful references. -* Copying:: You may give out copies of Wget and of this manual. -* Concept Index:: Topics covered by this manual. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Overview, Next: Invoking, Prev: Top, Up: Top - -1 Overview -********** - -GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from -the Web. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols, as well as -retrieval through HTTP proxies. - - This chapter is a partial overview of Wget's features. - - * Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the - background, while the user is not logged on. This allows you to - start a retrieval and disconnect from the system, letting Wget - finish the work. By contrast, most of the Web browsers require - constant user's presence, which can be a great hindrance when - transferring a lot of data. - - * Wget can follow links in HTML and XHTML pages and create local - versions of remote web sites, fully recreating the directory - structure of the original site. This is sometimes referred to as - "recursive downloading." While doing that, Wget respects the - Robot Exclusion Standard (`/robots.txt'). Wget can be instructed - to convert the links in downloaded HTML files to the local files - for offline viewing. - - * File name wildcard matching and recursive mirroring of directories - are available when retrieving via FTP. Wget can read the - time-stamp information given by both HTTP and FTP servers, and - store it locally. Thus Wget can see if the remote file has - changed since last retrieval, and automatically retrieve the new - version if it has. This makes Wget suitable for mirroring of FTP - sites, as well as home pages. - - * Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network - connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will - keep retrying until the whole file has been retrieved. If the - server supports regetting, it will instruct the server to continue - the download from where it left off. - - * Wget supports proxy servers, which can lighten the network load, - speed up retrieval and provide access behind firewalls. However, - if you are behind a firewall that requires that you use a socks - style gateway, you can get the socks library and build Wget with - support for socks. Wget uses the passive FTP downloading by - default, active FTP being an option. - - * Wget supports IP version 6, the next generation of IP. IPv6 is - autodetected at compile-time, and can be disabled at either build - or run time. Binaries built with IPv6 support work well in both - IPv4-only and dual family environments. - - * Built-in features offer mechanisms to tune which links you wish to - follow (*note Following Links::). - - * The progress of individual downloads is traced using a progress - gauge. Interactive downloads are tracked using a - "thermometer"-style gauge, whereas non-interactive ones are traced - with dots, each dot representing a fixed amount of data received - (1KB by default). Either gauge can be customized to your - preferences. - - * Most of the features are fully configurable, either through - command line options, or via the initialization file `.wgetrc' - (*note Startup File::). Wget allows you to define "global" - startup files (`/usr/local/etc/wgetrc' by default) for site - settings. - - * Finally, GNU Wget is free software. This means that everyone may - use it, redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the - GNU General Public License, as published by the Free Software - Foundation (*note Copying::). - - -File: wget.info, Node: Invoking, Next: Recursive Download, Prev: Overview, Up: Top - -2 Invoking -********** - -By default, Wget is very simple to invoke. The basic syntax is: - - wget [OPTION]... [URL]... - - Wget will simply download all the URLs specified on the command -line. URL is a "Uniform Resource Locator", as defined below. - - However, you may wish to change some of the default parameters of -Wget. You can do it two ways: permanently, adding the appropriate -command to `.wgetrc' (*note Startup File::), or specifying it on the -command line. - -* Menu: - -* URL Format:: -* Option Syntax:: -* Basic Startup Options:: -* Logging and Input File Options:: -* Download Options:: -* Directory Options:: -* HTTP Options:: -* HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options:: -* FTP Options:: -* Recursive Retrieval Options:: -* Recursive Accept/Reject Options:: - - -File: wget.info, Node: URL Format, Next: Option Syntax, Up: Invoking - -2.1 URL Format -============== - -"URL" is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator. A uniform resource -locator is a compact string representation for a resource available via -the Internet. Wget recognizes the URL syntax as per RFC1738. This is -the most widely used form (square brackets denote optional parts): - - http://host[:port]/directory/file - ftp://host[:port]/directory/file - - You can also encode your username and password within a URL: - - ftp://user:password@host/path - http://user:password@host/path - - Either USER or PASSWORD, or both, may be left out. If you leave out -either the HTTP username or password, no authentication will be sent. -If you leave out the FTP username, `anonymous' will be used. If you -leave out the FTP password, your email address will be supplied as a -default password.(1) - - *Important Note*: if you specify a password-containing URL on the -command line, the username and password will be plainly visible to all -users on the system, by way of `ps'. On multi-user systems, this is a -big security risk. To work around it, use `wget -i -' and feed the -URLs to Wget's standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by -`C-d'. - - You can encode unsafe characters in a URL as `%xy', `xy' being the -hexadecimal representation of the character's ASCII value. Some common -unsafe characters include `%' (quoted as `%25'), `:' (quoted as `%3A'), -and `@' (quoted as `%40'). Refer to RFC1738 for a comprehensive list -of unsafe characters. - - Wget also supports the `type' feature for FTP URLs. By default, FTP -documents are retrieved in the binary mode (type `i'), which means that -they are downloaded unchanged. Another useful mode is the `a' -("ASCII") mode, which converts the line delimiters between the -different operating systems, and is thus useful for text files. Here -is an example: - - ftp://host/directory/file;type=a - - Two alternative variants of URL specification are also supported, -because of historical (hysterical?) reasons and their widespreaded use. - - FTP-only syntax (supported by `NcFTP'): - host:/dir/file - - HTTP-only syntax (introduced by `Netscape'): - host[:port]/dir/file - - These two alternative forms are deprecated, and may cease being -supported in the future. - - If you do not understand the difference between these notations, or -do not know which one to use, just use the plain ordinary format you use -with your favorite browser, like `Lynx' or `Netscape'. - - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) If you have a `.netrc' file in your home directory, password -will also be searched for there. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Option Syntax, Next: Basic Startup Options, Prev: URL Format, Up: Invoking - -2.2 Option Syntax -================= - -Since Wget uses GNU getopt to process command-line arguments, every -option has a long form along with the short one. Long options are more -convenient to remember, but take time to type. You may freely mix -different option styles, or specify options after the command-line -arguments. Thus you may write: - - wget -r --tries=10 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ -o log - - The space between the option accepting an argument and the argument -may be omitted. Instead `-o log' you can write `-olog'. - - You may put several options that do not require arguments together, -like: - - wget -drc URL - - This is a complete equivalent of: - - wget -d -r -c URL - - Since the options can be specified after the arguments, you may -terminate them with `--'. So the following will try to download URL -`-x', reporting failure to `log': - - wget -o log -- -x - - The options that accept comma-separated lists all respect the -convention that specifying an empty list clears its value. This can be -useful to clear the `.wgetrc' settings. For instance, if your `.wgetrc' -sets `exclude_directories' to `/cgi-bin', the following example will -first reset it, and then set it to exclude `/~nobody' and `/~somebody'. -You can also clear the lists in `.wgetrc' (*note Wgetrc Syntax::). - - wget -X '' -X /~nobody,/~somebody - - Most options that do not accept arguments are "boolean" options, so -named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no ("boolean") -variable. For example, `--follow-ftp' tells Wget to follow FTP links -from HTML files and, on the other hand, `--no-glob' tells it not to -perform file globbing on FTP URLs. A boolean option is either -"affirmative" or "negative" (beginning with `--no'). All such options -share several properties. - - Unless stated otherwise, it is assumed that the default behavior is -the opposite of what the option accomplishes. For example, the -documented existence of `--follow-ftp' assumes that the default is to -_not_ follow FTP links from HTML pages. - - Affirmative options can be negated by prepending the `--no-' to the -option name; negative options can be negated by omitting the `--no-' -prefix. This might seem superfluous--if the default for an affirmative -option is to not do something, then why provide a way to explicitly -turn it off? But the startup file may in fact change the default. For -instance, using `follow_ftp = off' in `.wgetrc' makes Wget _not_ follow -FTP links by default, and using `--no-follow-ftp' is the only way to -restore the factory default from the command line. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Basic Startup Options, Next: Logging and Input File Options, Prev: Option Syntax, Up: Invoking - -2.3 Basic Startup Options -========================= - -`-V' -`--version' - Display the version of Wget. - -`-h' -`--help' - Print a help message describing all of Wget's command-line options. - -`-b' -`--background' - Go to background immediately after startup. If no output file is - specified via the `-o', output is redirected to `wget-log'. - -`-e COMMAND' -`--execute COMMAND' - Execute COMMAND as if it were a part of `.wgetrc' (*note Startup - File::). A command thus invoked will be executed _after_ the - commands in `.wgetrc', thus taking precedence over them. If you - need to specify more than one wgetrc command, use multiple - instances of `-e'. - - - -File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, Prev: Basic Startup Options, Up: Invoking - -2.4 Logging and Input File Options -================================== - -`-o LOGFILE' -`--output-file=LOGFILE' - Log all messages to LOGFILE. The messages are normally reported - to standard error. - -`-a LOGFILE' -`--append-output=LOGFILE' - Append to LOGFILE. This is the same as `-o', only it appends to - LOGFILE instead of overwriting the old log file. If LOGFILE does - not exist, a new file is created. - -`-d' -`--debug' - Turn on debug output, meaning various information important to the - developers of Wget if it does not work properly. Your system - administrator may have chosen to compile Wget without debug - support, in which case `-d' will not work. Please note that - compiling with debug support is always safe--Wget compiled with - the debug support will _not_ print any debug info unless requested - with `-d'. *Note Reporting Bugs::, for more information on how to - use `-d' for sending bug reports. - -`-q' -`--quiet' - Turn off Wget's output. - -`-v' -`--verbose' - Turn on verbose output, with all the available data. The default - output is verbose. - -`-nv' -`--no-verbose' - Turn off verbose without being completely quiet (use `-q' for - that), which means that error messages and basic information still - get printed. - -`-i FILE' -`--input-file=FILE' - Read URLs from FILE. If `-' is specified as FILE, URLs are read - from the standard input. (Use `./-' to read from a file literally - named `-'.) - - If this function is used, no URLs need be present on the command - line. If there are URLs both on the command line and in an input - file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to be - retrieved. The FILE need not be an HTML document (but no harm if - it is)--it is enough if the URLs are just listed sequentially. - - However, if you specify `--force-html', the document will be - regarded as `html'. In that case you may have problems with - relative links, which you can solve either by adding `<base - href="URL">' to the documents or by specifying `--base=URL' on the - command line. - -`-F' -`--force-html' - When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an HTML - file. This enables you to retrieve relative links from existing - HTML files on your local disk, by adding `<base href="URL">' to - HTML, or using the `--base' command-line option. - -`-B URL' -`--base=URL' - Prepends URL to relative links read from the file specified with - the `-i' option. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Logging and Input File Options, Up: Invoking - -2.5 Download Options -==================== - -`--bind-address=ADDRESS' - When making client TCP/IP connections, bind to ADDRESS on the - local machine. ADDRESS may be specified as a hostname or IP - address. This option can be useful if your machine is bound to - multiple IPs. - -`-t NUMBER' -`--tries=NUMBER' - Set number of retries to NUMBER. Specify 0 or `inf' for infinite - retrying. The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception of - fatal errors like "connection refused" or "not found" (404), which - are not retried. - -`-O FILE' -`--output-document=FILE' - The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all - will be concatenated together and written to FILE. If `-' is used - as FILE, documents will be printed to standard output, disabling - link conversion. (Use `./-' to print to a file literally named - `-'.) - - Note that a combination with `-k' is only well-defined for - downloading a single document. - -`-nc' -`--no-clobber' - If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory, - Wget's behavior depends on a few options, including `-nc'. In - certain cases, the local file will be "clobbered", or overwritten, - upon repeated download. In other cases it will be preserved. - - When running Wget without `-N', `-nc', or `-r', downloading the - same file in the same directory will result in the original copy - of FILE being preserved and the second copy being named `FILE.1'. - If that file is downloaded yet again, the third copy will be named - `FILE.2', and so on. When `-nc' is specified, this behavior is - suppressed, and Wget will refuse to download newer copies of - `FILE'. Therefore, "`no-clobber'" is actually a misnomer in this - mode--it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric - suffixes were already preventing clobbering), but rather the - multiple version saving that's prevented. - - When running Wget with `-r', but without `-N' or `-nc', - re-downloading a file will result in the new copy simply - overwriting the old. Adding `-nc' will prevent this behavior, - instead causing the original version to be preserved and any newer - copies on the server to be ignored. - - When running Wget with `-N', with or without `-r', the decision as - to whether or not to download a newer copy of a file depends on - the local and remote timestamp and size of the file (*note - Time-Stamping::). `-nc' may not be specified at the same time as - `-N'. - - Note that when `-nc' is specified, files with the suffixes `.html' - or `.htm' will be loaded from the local disk and parsed as if they - had been retrieved from the Web. - -`-c' -`--continue' - Continue getting a partially-downloaded file. This is useful when - you want to finish up a download started by a previous instance of - Wget, or by another program. For instance: - - wget -c ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/ls-lR.Z - - If there is a file named `ls-lR.Z' in the current directory, Wget - will assume that it is the first portion of the remote file, and - will ask the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal - to the length of the local file. - - Note that you don't need to specify this option if you just want - the current invocation of Wget to retry downloading a file should - the connection be lost midway through. This is the default - behavior. `-c' only affects resumption of downloads started - _prior_ to this invocation of Wget, and whose local files are - still sitting around. - - Without `-c', the previous example would just download the remote - file to `ls-lR.Z.1', leaving the truncated `ls-lR.Z' file alone. - - Beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use `-c' on a non-empty file, and - it turns out that the server does not support continued - downloading, Wget will refuse to start the download from scratch, - which would effectively ruin existing contents. If you really - want the download to start from scratch, remove the file. - - Also beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use `-c' on a file which is of - equal size as the one on the server, Wget will refuse to download - the file and print an explanatory message. The same happens when - the file is smaller on the server than locally (presumably because - it was changed on the server since your last download - attempt)--because "continuing" is not meaningful, no download - occurs. - - On the other side of the coin, while using `-c', any file that's - bigger on the server than locally will be considered an incomplete - download and only `(length(remote) - length(local))' bytes will be - downloaded and tacked onto the end of the local file. This - behavior can be desirable in certain cases--for instance, you can - use `wget -c' to download just the new portion that's been - appended to a data collection or log file. - - However, if the file is bigger on the server because it's been - _changed_, as opposed to just _appended_ to, you'll end up with a - garbled file. Wget has no way of verifying that the local file is - really a valid prefix of the remote file. You need to be - especially careful of this when using `-c' in conjunction with - `-r', since every file will be considered as an "incomplete - download" candidate. - - Another instance where you'll get a garbled file if you try to use - `-c' is if you have a lame HTTP proxy that inserts a "transfer - interrupted" string into the local file. In the future a - "rollback" option may be added to deal with this case. - - Note that `-c' only works with FTP servers and with HTTP servers - that support the `Range' header. - -`--progress=TYPE' - Select the type of the progress indicator you wish to use. Legal - indicators are "dot" and "bar". - - The "bar" indicator is used by default. It draws an ASCII progress - bar graphics (a.k.a "thermometer" display) indicating the status of - retrieval. If the output is not a TTY, the "dot" bar will be used - by default. - - Use `--progress=dot' to switch to the "dot" display. It traces - the retrieval by printing dots on the screen, each dot - representing a fixed amount of downloaded data. - - When using the dotted retrieval, you may also set the "style" by - specifying the type as `dot:STYLE'. Different styles assign - different meaning to one dot. With the `default' style each dot - represents 1K, there are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a - line. The `binary' style has a more "computer"-like - orientation--8K dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line (which - makes for 384K lines). The `mega' style is suitable for - downloading very large files--each dot represents 64K retrieved, - there are eight dots in a cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so - each line contains 3M). - - Note that you can set the default style using the `progress' - command in `.wgetrc'. That setting may be overridden from the - command line. The exception is that, when the output is not a - TTY, the "dot" progress will be favored over "bar". To force the - bar output, use `--progress=bar:force'. - -`-N' -`--timestamping' - Turn on time-stamping. *Note Time-Stamping::, for details. - -`-S' -`--server-response' - Print the headers sent by HTTP servers and responses sent by FTP - servers. - -`--spider' - When invoked with this option, Wget will behave as a Web "spider", - which means that it will not download the pages, just check that - they are there. For example, you can use Wget to check your - bookmarks: - - wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html - - This feature needs much more work for Wget to get close to the - functionality of real web spiders. - -`-T seconds' -`--timeout=SECONDS' - Set the network timeout to SECONDS seconds. This is equivalent to - specifying `--dns-timeout', `--connect-timeout', and - `--read-timeout', all at the same time. - - When interacting with the network, Wget can check for timeout and - abort the operation if it takes too long. This prevents anomalies - like hanging reads and infinite connects. The only timeout - enabled by default is a 900-second read timeout. Setting a - timeout to 0 disables it altogether. Unless you know what you are - doing, it is best not to change the default timeout settings. - - All timeout-related options accept decimal values, as well as - subsecond values. For example, `0.1' seconds is a legal (though - unwise) choice of timeout. Subsecond timeouts are useful for - checking server response times or for testing network latency. - -`--dns-timeout=SECONDS' - Set the DNS lookup timeout to SECONDS seconds. DNS lookups that - don't complete within the specified time will fail. By default, - there is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by - system libraries. - -`--connect-timeout=SECONDS' - Set the connect timeout to SECONDS seconds. TCP connections that - take longer to establish will be aborted. By default, there is no - connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries. - -`--read-timeout=SECONDS' - Set the read (and write) timeout to SECONDS seconds. The "time" - of this timeout refers "idle time": if, at any point in the - download, no data is received for more than the specified number - of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted. This - option does not directly affect the duration of the entire - download. - - Of course, the remote server may choose to terminate the connection - sooner than this option requires. The default read timeout is 900 - seconds. - -`--limit-rate=AMOUNT' - Limit the download speed to AMOUNT bytes per second. Amount may - be expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the `k' suffix, or megabytes - with the `m' suffix. For example, `--limit-rate=20k' will limit - the retrieval rate to 20KB/s. This is useful when, for whatever - reason, you don't want Wget to consume the entire available - bandwidth. - - This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in - conjunction with power suffixes; for example, `--limit-rate=2.5k' - is a legal value. - - Note that Wget implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate - amount of time after a network read that took less time than - specified by the rate. Eventually this strategy causes the TCP - transfer to slow down to approximately the specified rate. - However, it may take some time for this balance to be achieved, so - don't be surprised if limiting the rate doesn't work well with - very small files. - -`-w SECONDS' -`--wait=SECONDS' - Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals. Use - of this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by - making the requests less frequent. Instead of in seconds, the - time can be specified in minutes using the `m' suffix, in hours - using `h' suffix, or in days using `d' suffix. - - Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network - or the destination host is down, so that Wget can wait long enough - to reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the - retry. - -`--waitretry=SECONDS' - If you don't want Wget to wait between _every_ retrieval, but only - between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. - Wget will use "linear backoff", waiting 1 second after the first - failure on a given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second - failure on that file, up to the maximum number of SECONDS you - specify. Therefore, a value of 10 will actually make Wget wait up - to (1 + 2 + ... + 10) = 55 seconds per file. - - Note that this option is turned on by default in the global - `wgetrc' file. - -`--random-wait' - Some web sites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval - programs such as Wget by looking for statistically significant - similarities in the time between requests. This option causes the - time between requests to vary between 0 and 2 * WAIT seconds, - where WAIT was specified using the `--wait' option, in order to - mask Wget's presence from such analysis. - - A recent article in a publication devoted to development on a - popular consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis - on the fly. Its author suggested blocking at the class C address - level to ensure automated retrieval programs were blocked despite - changing DHCP-supplied addresses. - - The `--random-wait' option was inspired by this ill-advised - recommendation to block many unrelated users from a web site due - to the actions of one. - -`--no-proxy' - Don't use proxies, even if the appropriate `*_proxy' environment - variable is defined. - - For more information about the use of proxies with Wget, *Note - Proxies::. - -`-Q QUOTA' -`--quota=QUOTA' - Specify download quota for automatic retrievals. The value can be - specified in bytes (default), kilobytes (with `k' suffix), or - megabytes (with `m' suffix). - - Note that quota will never affect downloading a single file. So - if you specify `wget -Q10k ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/ls-lR.gz', - all of the `ls-lR.gz' will be downloaded. The same goes even when - several URLs are specified on the command-line. However, quota is - respected when retrieving either recursively, or from an input - file. Thus you may safely type `wget -Q2m -i sites'--download - will be aborted when the quota is exceeded. - - Setting quota to 0 or to `inf' unlimits the download quota. - -`--no-dns-cache' - Turn off caching of DNS lookups. Normally, Wget remembers the IP - addresses it looked up from DNS so it doesn't have to repeatedly - contact the DNS server for the same (typically small) set of hosts - it retrieves from. This cache exists in memory only; a new Wget - run will contact DNS again. - - However, it has been reported that in some situations it is not - desirable to cache host names, even for the duration of a - short-running application like Wget. With this option Wget issues - a new DNS lookup (more precisely, a new call to `gethostbyname' or - `getaddrinfo') each time it makes a new connection. Please note - that this option will _not_ affect caching that might be performed - by the resolving library or by an external caching layer, such as - NSCD. - - If you don't understand exactly what this option does, you probably - won't need it. - -`--restrict-file-names=MODE' - Change which characters found in remote URLs may show up in local - file names generated from those URLs. Characters that are - "restricted" by this option are escaped, i.e. replaced with `%HH', - where `HH' is the hexadecimal number that corresponds to the - restricted character. - - By default, Wget escapes the characters that are not valid as part - of file names on your operating system, as well as control - characters that are typically unprintable. This option is useful - for changing these defaults, either because you are downloading to - a non-native partition, or because you want to disable escaping of - the control characters. - - When mode is set to "unix", Wget escapes the character `/' and the - control characters in the ranges 0-31 and 128-159. This is the - default on Unix-like OS'es. - - When mode is set to "windows", Wget escapes the characters `\', - `|', `/', `:', `?', `"', `*', `<', `>', and the control characters - in the ranges 0-31 and 128-159. In addition to this, Wget in - Windows mode uses `+' instead of `:' to separate host and port in - local file names, and uses `@' instead of `?' to separate the - query portion of the file name from the rest. Therefore, a URL - that would be saved as `www.xemacs.org:4300/search.pl?input=blah' - in Unix mode would be saved as - `www.xemacs.org+4300/search.pl@input=blah' in Windows mode. This - mode is the default on Windows. - - If you append `,nocontrol' to the mode, as in `unix,nocontrol', - escaping of the control characters is also switched off. You can - use `--restrict-file-names=nocontrol' to turn off escaping of - control characters without affecting the choice of the OS to use - as file name restriction mode. - -`-4' -`--inet4-only' -`-6' -`--inet6-only' - Force connecting to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. With `--inet4-only' - or `-4', Wget will only connect to IPv4 hosts, ignoring AAAA - records in DNS, and refusing to connect to IPv6 addresses - specified in URLs. Conversely, with `--inet6-only' or `-6', Wget - will only connect to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 - addresses. - - Neither options should be needed normally. By default, an - IPv6-aware Wget will use the address family specified by the - host's DNS record. If the DNS responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 - addresses, Wget will them in sequence until it finds one it can - connect to. (Also see `--prefer-family' option described below.) - - These options can be used to deliberately force the use of IPv4 or - IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid - debugging or to deal with broken network configuration. Only one - of `--inet6-only' and `--inet4-only' may be specified at the same - time. Neither option is available in Wget compiled without IPv6 - support. - -`--prefer-family=IPv4/IPv6/none' - When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses - with specified address family first. IPv4 addresses are preferred - by default. - - This avoids spurious errors and connect attempts when accessing - hosts that resolve to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses from IPv4 - networks. For example, `www.kame.net' resolves to - `2001:200:0:8002:203:47ff:fea5:3085' and to `203.178.141.194'. - When the preferred family is `IPv4', the IPv4 address is used - first; when the preferred family is `IPv6', the IPv6 address is - used first; if the specified value is `none', the address order - returned by DNS is used without change. - - Unlike `-4' and `-6', this option doesn't inhibit access to any - address family, it only changes the _order_ in which the addresses - are accessed. Also note that the reordering performed by this - option is "stable"--it doesn't affect order of addresses of the - same family. That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses - and of all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases. - -`--retry-connrefused' - Consider "connection refused" a transient error and try again. - Normally Wget gives up on a URL when it is unable to connect to the - site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server - is not running at all and that retries would not help. This - option is for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to - disappear for short periods of time. - -`--user=USER' -`--password=PASSWORD' - Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD for both FTP and - HTTP file retrieval. These parameters can be overridden using the - `--ftp-user' and `--ftp-password' options for FTP connections and - the `--http-user' and `--http-password' options for HTTP - connections. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Directory Options, Next: HTTP Options, Prev: Download Options, Up: Invoking - -2.6 Directory Options -===================== - -`-nd' -`--no-directories' - Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving - recursively. With this option turned on, all files will get saved - to the current directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up - more than once, the filenames will get extensions `.n'). - -`-x' -`--force-directories' - The opposite of `-nd'--create a hierarchy of directories, even if - one would not have been created otherwise. E.g. `wget -x - http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt' will save the downloaded file to - `fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt'. - -`-nH' -`--no-host-directories' - Disable generation of host-prefixed directories. By default, - invoking Wget with `-r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/' will create a - structure of directories beginning with `fly.srk.fer.hr/'. This - option disables such behavior. - -`--protocol-directories' - Use the protocol name as a directory component of local file - names. For example, with this option, `wget -r http://HOST' will - save to `http/HOST/...' rather than just to `HOST/...'. - -`--cut-dirs=NUMBER' - Ignore NUMBER directory components. This is useful for getting a - fine-grained control over the directory where recursive retrieval - will be saved. - - Take, for example, the directory at - `ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/'. If you retrieve it with `-r', - it will be saved locally under `ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/'. - While the `-nH' option can remove the `ftp.xemacs.org/' part, you - are still stuck with `pub/xemacs'. This is where `--cut-dirs' - comes in handy; it makes Wget not "see" NUMBER remote directory - components. Here are several examples of how `--cut-dirs' option - works. - - No options -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/ - -nH -> pub/xemacs/ - -nH --cut-dirs=1 -> xemacs/ - -nH --cut-dirs=2 -> . - - --cut-dirs=1 -> ftp.xemacs.org/xemacs/ - ... - - If you just want to get rid of the directory structure, this - option is similar to a combination of `-nd' and `-P'. However, - unlike `-nd', `--cut-dirs' does not lose with subdirectories--for - instance, with `-nH --cut-dirs=1', a `beta/' subdirectory will be - placed to `xemacs/beta', as one would expect. - -`-P PREFIX' -`--directory-prefix=PREFIX' - Set directory prefix to PREFIX. The "directory prefix" is the - directory where all other files and subdirectories will be saved - to, i.e. the top of the retrieval tree. The default is `.' (the - current directory). - - -File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Directory Options, Up: Invoking - -2.7 HTTP Options -================ - -`-E' -`--html-extension' - If a file of type `application/xhtml+xml' or `text/html' is - downloaded and the URL does not end with the regexp - `\.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?', this option will cause the suffix `.html' - to be appended to the local filename. This is useful, for - instance, when you're mirroring a remote site that uses `.asp' - pages, but you want the mirrored pages to be viewable on your - stock Apache server. Another good use for this is when you're - downloading CGI-generated materials. A URL like - `http://site.com/article.cgi?25' will be saved as - `article.cgi?25.html'. - - Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded - every time you re-mirror a site, because Wget can't tell that the - local `X.html' file corresponds to remote URL `X' (since it - doesn't yet know that the URL produces output of type `text/html' - or `application/xhtml+xml'. To prevent this re-downloading, you - must use `-k' and `-K' so that the original version of the file - will be saved as `X.orig' (*note Recursive Retrieval Options::). - -`--http-user=USER' -`--http-password=PASSWORD' - Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD on an HTTP server. - According to the type of the challenge, Wget will encode them - using either the `basic' (insecure) or the `digest' authentication - scheme. - - Another way to specify username and password is in the URL itself - (*note URL Format::). Either method reveals your password to - anyone who bothers to run `ps'. To prevent the passwords from - being seen, store them in `.wgetrc' or `.netrc', and make sure to - protect those files from other users with `chmod'. If the - passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those - files either--edit the files and delete them after Wget has - started the download. - -`--no-cache' - Disable server-side cache. In this case, Wget will send the remote - server an appropriate directive (`Pragma: no-cache') to get the - file from the remote service, rather than returning the cached - version. This is especially useful for retrieving and flushing - out-of-date documents on proxy servers. - - Caching is allowed by default. - -`--no-cookies' - Disable the use of cookies. Cookies are a mechanism for - maintaining server-side state. The server sends the client a - cookie using the `Set-Cookie' header, and the client responds with - the same cookie upon further requests. Since cookies allow the - server owners to keep track of visitors and for sites to exchange - this information, some consider them a breach of privacy. The - default is to use cookies; however, _storing_ cookies is not on by - default. - -`--load-cookies FILE' - Load cookies from FILE before the first HTTP retrieval. FILE is a - textual file in the format originally used by Netscape's - `cookies.txt' file. - - You will typically use this option when mirroring sites that - require that you be logged in to access some or all of their - content. The login process typically works by the web server - issuing an HTTP cookie upon receiving and verifying your - credentials. The cookie is then resent by the browser when - accessing that part of the site, and so proves your identity. - - Mirroring such a site requires Wget to send the same cookies your - browser sends when communicating with the site. This is achieved - by `--load-cookies'--simply point Wget to the location of the - `cookies.txt' file, and it will send the same cookies your browser - would send in the same situation. Different browsers keep textual - cookie files in different locations: - - Netscape 4.x. - The cookies are in `~/.netscape/cookies.txt'. - - Mozilla and Netscape 6.x. - Mozilla's cookie file is also named `cookies.txt', located - somewhere under `~/.mozilla', in the directory of your - profile. The full path usually ends up looking somewhat like - `~/.mozilla/default/SOME-WEIRD-STRING/cookies.txt'. - - Internet Explorer. - You can produce a cookie file Wget can use by using the File - menu, Import and Export, Export Cookies. This has been - tested with Internet Explorer 5; it is not guaranteed to work - with earlier versions. - - Other browsers. - If you are using a different browser to create your cookies, - `--load-cookies' will only work if you can locate or produce a - cookie file in the Netscape format that Wget expects. - - If you cannot use `--load-cookies', there might still be an - alternative. If your browser supports a "cookie manager", you can - use it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you're - mirroring. Write down the name and value of the cookie, and - manually instruct Wget to send those cookies, bypassing the - "official" cookie support: - - wget --no-cookies --header "Cookie: NAME=VALUE" - -`--save-cookies FILE' - Save cookies to FILE before exiting. This will not save cookies - that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called "session - cookies"), but also see `--keep-session-cookies'. - -`--keep-session-cookies' - When specified, causes `--save-cookies' to also save session - cookies. Session cookies are normally not saved because they are - meant to be kept in memory and forgotten when you exit the browser. - Saving them is useful on sites that require you to log in or to - visit the home page before you can access some pages. With this - option, multiple Wget runs are considered a single browser session - as far as the site is concerned. - - Since the cookie file format does not normally carry session - cookies, Wget marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0. Wget's - `--load-cookies' recognizes those as session cookies, but it might - confuse other browsers. Also note that cookies so loaded will be - treated as other session cookies, which means that if you want - `--save-cookies' to preserve them again, you must use - `--keep-session-cookies' again. - -`--ignore-length' - Unfortunately, some HTTP servers (CGI programs, to be more - precise) send out bogus `Content-Length' headers, which makes Wget - go wild, as it thinks not all the document was retrieved. You can - spot this syndrome if Wget retries getting the same document again - and again, each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) - connection has closed on the very same byte. - - With this option, Wget will ignore the `Content-Length' header--as - if it never existed. - -`--header=HEADER-LINE' - Send HEADER-LINE along with the rest of the headers in each HTTP - request. The supplied header is sent as-is, which means it must - contain name and value separated by colon, and must not contain - newlines. - - You may define more than one additional header by specifying - `--header' more than once. - - wget --header='Accept-Charset: iso-8859-2' \ - --header='Accept-Language: hr' \ - http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ - - Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all - previous user-defined headers. - - As of Wget 1.10, this option can be used to override headers - otherwise generated automatically. This example instructs Wget to - connect to localhost, but to specify `foo.bar' in the `Host' - header: - - wget --header="Host: foo.bar" http://localhost/ - - In versions of Wget prior to 1.10 such use of `--header' caused - sending of duplicate headers. - -`--proxy-user=USER' -`--proxy-password=PASSWORD' - Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD for authentication - on a proxy server. Wget will encode them using the `basic' - authentication scheme. - - Security considerations similar to those with `--http-password' - pertain here as well. - -`--referer=URL' - Include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request. Useful for - retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they - are always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only - come out properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that - point to them. - -`--save-headers' - Save the headers sent by the HTTP server to the file, preceding the - actual contents, with an empty line as the separator. - -`-U AGENT-STRING' -`--user-agent=AGENT-STRING' - Identify as AGENT-STRING to the HTTP server. - - The HTTP protocol allows the clients to identify themselves using a - `User-Agent' header field. This enables distinguishing the WWW - software, usually for statistical purposes or for tracing of - protocol violations. Wget normally identifies as `Wget/VERSION', - VERSION being the current version number of Wget. - - However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of - tailoring the output according to the `User-Agent'-supplied - information. While this is not such a bad idea in theory, it has - been abused by servers denying information to clients other than - (historically) Netscape or, more frequently, Microsoft Internet - Explorer. This option allows you to change the `User-Agent' line - issued by Wget. Use of this option is discouraged, unless you - really know what you are doing. - - Specifying empty user agent with `--user-agent=""' instructs Wget - not to send the `User-Agent' header in HTTP requests. - -`--post-data=STRING' -`--post-file=FILE' - Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the - specified data in the request body. `--post-data' sends STRING as - data, whereas `--post-file' sends the contents of FILE. Other than - that, they work in exactly the same way. - - Please be aware that Wget needs to know the size of the POST data - in advance. Therefore the argument to `--post-file' must be a - regular file; specifying a FIFO or something like `/dev/stdin' - won't work. It's not quite clear how to work around this - limitation inherent in HTTP/1.0. Although HTTP/1.1 introduces - "chunked" transfer that doesn't require knowing the request length - in advance, a client can't use chunked unless it knows it's - talking to an HTTP/1.1 server. And it can't know that until it - receives a response, which in turn requires the request to have - been completed - a chicken-and-egg problem. - - Note: if Wget is redirected after the POST request is completed, it - will not send the POST data to the redirected URL. This is because - URLs that process POST often respond with a redirection to a - regular page, which does not desire or accept POST. It is not - completely clear that this behavior is optimal; if it doesn't work - out, it might be changed in the future. - - This example shows how to log to a server using POST and then - proceed to download the desired pages, presumably only accessible - to authorized users: - - # Log in to the server. This can be done only once. - wget --save-cookies cookies.txt \ - --post-data 'user=foo&password=bar' \ - http://server.com/auth.php - - # Now grab the page or pages we care about. - wget --load-cookies cookies.txt \ - -p http://server.com/interesting/article.php - - If the server is using session cookies to track user - authentication, the above will not work because `--save-cookies' - will not save them (and neither will browsers) and the - `cookies.txt' file will be empty. In that case use - `--keep-session-cookies' along with `--save-cookies' to force - saving of session cookies. - - -File: wget.info, Node: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Next: FTP Options, Prev: HTTP Options, Up: Invoking - -2.8 HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options -=========================== - -To support encrypted HTTP (HTTPS) downloads, Wget must be compiled with -an external SSL library, currently OpenSSL. If Wget is compiled -without SSL support, none of these options are available. - -`--secure-protocol=PROTOCOL' - Choose the secure protocol to be used. Legal values are `auto', - `SSLv2', `SSLv3', and `TLSv1'. If `auto' is used, the SSL library - is given the liberty of choosing the appropriate protocol - automatically, which is achieved by sending an SSLv2 greeting and - announcing support for SSLv3 and TLSv1. This is the default. - - Specifying `SSLv2', `SSLv3', or `TLSv1' forces the use of the - corresponding protocol. This is useful when talking to old and - buggy SSL server implementations that make it hard for OpenSSL to - choose the correct protocol version. Fortunately, such servers are - quite rare. - -`--no-check-certificate' - Don't check the server certificate against the available - certificate authorities. Also don't require the URL host name to - match the common name presented by the certificate. - - As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server's certificate - against the recognized certificate authorities, breaking the SSL - handshake and aborting the download if the verification fails. - Although this provides more secure downloads, it does break - interoperability with some sites that worked with previous Wget - versions, particularly those using self-signed, expired, or - otherwise invalid certificates. This option forces an "insecure" - mode of operation that turns the certificate verification errors - into warnings and allows you to proceed. - - If you encounter "certificate verification" errors or ones saying - that "common name doesn't match requested host name", you can use - this option to bypass the verification and proceed with the - download. _Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of - the site's authenticity, or if you really don't care about the - validity of its certificate._ It is almost always a bad idea not - to check the certificates when transmitting confidential or - important data. - -`--certificate=FILE' - Use the client certificate stored in FILE. This is needed for - servers that are configured to require certificates from the - clients that connect to them. Normally a certificate is not - required and this switch is optional. - -`--certificate-type=TYPE' - Specify the type of the client certificate. Legal values are - `PEM' (assumed by default) and `DER', also known as `ASN1'. - -`--private-key=FILE' - Read the private key from FILE. This allows you to provide the - private key in a file separate from the certificate. - -`--private-key-type=TYPE' - Specify the type of the private key. Accepted values are `PEM' - (the default) and `DER'. - -`--ca-certificate=FILE' - Use FILE as the file with the bundle of certificate authorities - ("CA") to verify the peers. The certificates must be in PEM - format. - - Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the - system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time. - -`--ca-directory=DIRECTORY' - Specifies directory containing CA certificates in PEM format. Each - file contains one CA certificate, and the file name is based on a - hash value derived from the certificate. This is achieved by - processing a certificate directory with the `c_rehash' utility - supplied with OpenSSL. Using `--ca-directory' is more efficient - than `--ca-certificate' when many certificates are installed - because it allows Wget to fetch certificates on demand. - - Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the - system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time. - -`--random-file=FILE' - Use FILE as the source of random data for seeding the - pseudo-random number generator on systems without `/dev/random'. - - On such systems the SSL library needs an external source of - randomness to initialize. Randomness may be provided by EGD (see - `--egd-file' below) or read from an external source specified by - the user. If this option is not specified, Wget looks for random - data in `$RANDFILE' or, if that is unset, in `$HOME/.rnd'. If - none of those are available, it is likely that SSL encryption will - not be usable. - - If you're getting the "Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling SSL." - error, you should provide random data using some of the methods - described above. - -`--egd-file=FILE' - Use FILE as the EGD socket. EGD stands for "Entropy Gathering - Daemon", a user-space program that collects data from various - unpredictable system sources and makes it available to other - programs that might need it. Encryption software, such as the SSL - library, needs sources of non-repeating randomness to seed the - random number generator used to produce cryptographically strong - keys. - - OpenSSL allows the user to specify his own source of entropy using - the `RAND_FILE' environment variable. If this variable is unset, - or if the specified file does not produce enough randomness, - OpenSSL will read random data from EGD socket specified using this - option. - - If this option is not specified (and the equivalent startup - command is not used), EGD is never contacted. EGD is not needed - on modern Unix systems that support `/dev/random'. - - -File: wget.info, Node: FTP Options, Next: Recursive Retrieval Options, Prev: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Up: Invoking - -2.9 FTP Options -=============== - -`--ftp-user=USER' -`--ftp-password=PASSWORD' - Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD on an FTP server. - Without this, or the corresponding startup option, the password - defaults to `-wget@', normally used for anonymous FTP. - - Another way to specify username and password is in the URL itself - (*note URL Format::). Either method reveals your password to - anyone who bothers to run `ps'. To prevent the passwords from - being seen, store them in `.wgetrc' or `.netrc', and make sure to - protect those files from other users with `chmod'. If the - passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those - files either--edit the files and delete them after Wget has - started the download. - -`--no-remove-listing' - Don't remove the temporary `.listing' files generated by FTP - retrievals. Normally, these files contain the raw directory - listings received from FTP servers. Not removing them can be - useful for debugging purposes, or when you want to be able to - easily check on the contents of remote server directories (e.g. to - verify that a mirror you're running is complete). - - Note that even though Wget writes to a known filename for this - file, this is not a security hole in the scenario of a user making - `.listing' a symbolic link to `/etc/passwd' or something and - asking `root' to run Wget in his or her directory. Depending on - the options used, either Wget will refuse to write to `.listing', - making the globbing/recursion/time-stamping operation fail, or the - symbolic link will be deleted and replaced with the actual - `.listing' file, or the listing will be written to a - `.listing.NUMBER' file. - - Even though this situation isn't a problem, though, `root' should - never run Wget in a non-trusted user's directory. A user could do - something as simple as linking `index.html' to `/etc/passwd' and - asking `root' to run Wget with `-N' or `-r' so the file will be - overwritten. - -`--no-glob' - Turn off FTP globbing. Globbing refers to the use of shell-like - special characters ("wildcards"), like `*', `?', `[' and `]' to - retrieve more than one file from the same directory at once, like: - - wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/*.msg - - By default, globbing will be turned on if the URL contains a - globbing character. This option may be used to turn globbing on - or off permanently. - - You may have to quote the URL to protect it from being expanded by - your shell. Globbing makes Wget look for a directory listing, - which is system-specific. This is why it currently works only - with Unix FTP servers (and the ones emulating Unix `ls' output). - -`--no-passive-ftp' - Disable the use of the "passive" FTP transfer mode. Passive FTP - mandates that the client connect to the server to establish the - data connection rather than the other way around. - - If the machine is connected to the Internet directly, both passive - and active FTP should work equally well. Behind most firewall and - NAT configurations passive FTP has a better chance of working. - However, in some rare firewall configurations, active FTP actually - works when passive FTP doesn't. If you suspect this to be the - case, use this option, or set `passive_ftp=off' in your init file. - -`--retr-symlinks' - Usually, when retrieving FTP directories recursively and a symbolic - link is encountered, the linked-to file is not downloaded. - Instead, a matching symbolic link is created on the local - filesystem. The pointed-to file will not be downloaded unless - this recursive retrieval would have encountered it separately and - downloaded it anyway. - - When `--retr-symlinks' is specified, however, symbolic links are - traversed and the pointed-to files are retrieved. At this time, - this option does not cause Wget to traverse symlinks to - directories and recurse through them, but in the future it should - be enhanced to do this. - - Note that when retrieving a file (not a directory) because it was - specified on the command-line, rather than because it was recursed - to, this option has no effect. Symbolic links are always - traversed in this case. - -`--no-http-keep-alive' - Turn off the "keep-alive" feature for HTTP downloads. Normally, - Wget asks the server to keep the connection open so that, when you - download more than one document from the same server, they get - transferred over the same TCP connection. This saves time and at - the same time reduces the load on the server. - - This option is useful when, for some reason, persistent - (keep-alive) connections don't work for you, for example due to a - server bug or due to the inability of server-side scripts to cope - with the connections. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Prev: FTP Options, Up: Invoking - -2.10 Recursive Retrieval Options -================================ - -`-r' -`--recursive' - Turn on recursive retrieving. *Note Recursive Download::, for more - details. - -`-l DEPTH' -`--level=DEPTH' - Specify recursion maximum depth level DEPTH (*note Recursive - Download::). The default maximum depth is 5. - -`--delete-after' - This option tells Wget to delete every single file it downloads, - _after_ having done so. It is useful for pre-fetching popular - pages through a proxy, e.g.: - - wget -r -nd --delete-after http://whatever.com/~popular/page/ - - The `-r' option is to retrieve recursively, and `-nd' to not - create directories. - - Note that `--delete-after' deletes files on the local machine. It - does not issue the `DELE' command to remote FTP sites, for - instance. Also note that when `--delete-after' is specified, - `--convert-links' is ignored, so `.orig' files are simply not - created in the first place. - -`-k' -`--convert-links' - After the download is complete, convert the links in the document - to make them suitable for local viewing. This affects not only - the visible hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to - external content, such as embedded images, links to style sheets, - hyperlinks to non-HTML content, etc. - - Each link will be changed in one of the two ways: - - * The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget will be - changed to refer to the file they point to as a relative link. - - Example: if the downloaded file `/foo/doc.html' links to - `/bar/img.gif', also downloaded, then the link in `doc.html' - will be modified to point to `../bar/img.gif'. This kind of - transformation works reliably for arbitrary combinations of - directories. - - * The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget will - be changed to include host name and absolute path of the - location they point to. - - Example: if the downloaded file `/foo/doc.html' links to - `/bar/img.gif' (or to `../bar/img.gif'), then the link in - `doc.html' will be modified to point to - `http://HOSTNAME/bar/img.gif'. - - Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file - was downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was - not downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address - rather than presenting a broken link. The fact that the former - links are converted to relative links ensures that you can move - the downloaded hierarchy to another directory. - - Note that only at the end of the download can Wget know which - links have been downloaded. Because of that, the work done by - `-k' will be performed at the end of all the downloads. - -`-K' -`--backup-converted' - When converting a file, back up the original version with a `.orig' - suffix. Affects the behavior of `-N' (*note HTTP Time-Stamping - Internals::). - -`-m' -`--mirror' - Turn on options suitable for mirroring. This option turns on - recursion and time-stamping, sets infinite recursion depth and - keeps FTP directory listings. It is currently equivalent to `-r - -N -l inf --no-remove-listing'. - -`-p' -`--page-requisites' - This option causes Wget to download all the files that are - necessary to properly display a given HTML page. This includes - such things as inlined images, sounds, and referenced stylesheets. - - Ordinarily, when downloading a single HTML page, any requisite - documents that may be needed to display it properly are not - downloaded. Using `-r' together with `-l' can help, but since - Wget does not ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined - documents, one is generally left with "leaf documents" that are - missing their requisites. - - For instance, say document `1.html' contains an `<IMG>' tag - referencing `1.gif' and an `<A>' tag pointing to external document - `2.html'. Say that `2.html' is similar but that its image is - `2.gif' and it links to `3.html'. Say this continues up to some - arbitrarily high number. - - If one executes the command: - - wget -r -l 2 http://SITE/1.html - - then `1.html', `1.gif', `2.html', `2.gif', and `3.html' will be - downloaded. As you can see, `3.html' is without its requisite - `3.gif' because Wget is simply counting the number of hops (up to - 2) away from `1.html' in order to determine where to stop the - recursion. However, with this command: - - wget -r -l 2 -p http://SITE/1.html - - all the above files _and_ `3.html''s requisite `3.gif' will be - downloaded. Similarly, - - wget -r -l 1 -p http://SITE/1.html - - will cause `1.html', `1.gif', `2.html', and `2.gif' to be - downloaded. One might think that: - - wget -r -l 0 -p http://SITE/1.html - - would download just `1.html' and `1.gif', but unfortunately this - is not the case, because `-l 0' is equivalent to `-l inf'--that - is, infinite recursion. To download a single HTML page (or a - handful of them, all specified on the command-line or in a `-i' - URL input file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off - `-r' and `-l': - - wget -p http://SITE/1.html - - Note that Wget will behave as if `-r' had been specified, but only - that single page and its requisites will be downloaded. Links - from that page to external documents will not be followed. - Actually, to download a single page and all its requisites (even - if they exist on separate websites), and make sure the lot - displays properly locally, this author likes to use a few options - in addition to `-p': - - wget -E -H -k -K -p http://SITE/DOCUMENT - - To finish off this topic, it's worth knowing that Wget's idea of an - external document link is any URL specified in an `<A>' tag, an - `<AREA>' tag, or a `<LINK>' tag other than `<LINK - REL="stylesheet">'. - -`--strict-comments' - Turn on strict parsing of HTML comments. The default is to - terminate comments at the first occurrence of `-->'. - - According to specifications, HTML comments are expressed as SGML - "declarations". Declaration is special markup that begins with - `<!' and ends with `>', such as `<!DOCTYPE ...>', that may contain - comments between a pair of `--' delimiters. HTML comments are - "empty declarations", SGML declarations without any non-comment - text. Therefore, `<!--foo-->' is a valid comment, and so is - `<!--one-- --two-->', but `<!--1--2-->' is not. - - On the other hand, most HTML writers don't perceive comments as - anything other than text delimited with `<!--' and `-->', which is - not quite the same. For example, something like `<!------------>' - works as a valid comment as long as the number of dashes is a - multiple of four (!). If not, the comment technically lasts until - the next `--', which may be at the other end of the document. - Because of this, many popular browsers completely ignore the - specification and implement what users have come to expect: - comments delimited with `<!--' and `-->'. - - Until version 1.9, Wget interpreted comments strictly, which - resulted in missing links in many web pages that displayed fine in - browsers, but had the misfortune of containing non-compliant - comments. Beginning with version 1.9, Wget has joined the ranks - of clients that implements "naive" comments, terminating each - comment at the first occurrence of `-->'. - - If, for whatever reason, you want strict comment parsing, use this - option to turn it on. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Prev: Recursive Retrieval Options, Up: Invoking - -2.11 Recursive Accept/Reject Options -==================================== - -`-A ACCLIST --accept ACCLIST' -`-R REJLIST --reject REJLIST' - Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or patterns to - accept or reject (*note Types of Files:: for more details). - -`-D DOMAIN-LIST' -`--domains=DOMAIN-LIST' - Set domains to be followed. DOMAIN-LIST is a comma-separated list - of domains. Note that it does _not_ turn on `-H'. - -`--exclude-domains DOMAIN-LIST' - Specify the domains that are _not_ to be followed. (*note - Spanning Hosts::). - -`--follow-ftp' - Follow FTP links from HTML documents. Without this option, Wget - will ignore all the FTP links. - -`--follow-tags=LIST' - Wget has an internal table of HTML tag / attribute pairs that it - considers when looking for linked documents during a recursive - retrieval. If a user wants only a subset of those tags to be - considered, however, he or she should be specify such tags in a - comma-separated LIST with this option. - -`--ignore-tags=LIST' - This is the opposite of the `--follow-tags' option. To skip - certain HTML tags when recursively looking for documents to - download, specify them in a comma-separated LIST. - - In the past, this option was the best bet for downloading a single - page and its requisites, using a command-line like: - - wget --ignore-tags=a,area -H -k -K -r http://SITE/DOCUMENT - - However, the author of this option came across a page with tags - like `<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">' and came to the realization that - specifying tags to ignore was not enough. One can't just tell - Wget to ignore `<LINK>', because then stylesheets will not be - downloaded. Now the best bet for downloading a single page and - its requisites is the dedicated `--page-requisites' option. - -`-H' -`--span-hosts' - Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving - (*note Spanning Hosts::). - -`-L' -`--relative' - Follow relative links only. Useful for retrieving a specific home - page without any distractions, not even those from the same hosts - (*note Relative Links::). - -`-I LIST' -`--include-directories=LIST' - Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow - when downloading (*note Directory-Based Limits:: for more - details.) Elements of LIST may contain wildcards. - -`-X LIST' -`--exclude-directories=LIST' - Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude - from download (*note Directory-Based Limits:: for more details.) - Elements of LIST may contain wildcards. - -`-np' - -`--no-parent' - Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving - recursively. This is a useful option, since it guarantees that - only the files _below_ a certain hierarchy will be downloaded. - *Note Directory-Based Limits::, for more details. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Download, Next: Following Links, Prev: Invoking, Up: Top - -3 Recursive Download -******************** - -GNU Wget is capable of traversing parts of the Web (or a single HTTP or -FTP server), following links and directory structure. We refer to this -as to "recursive retrieval", or "recursion". - - With HTTP URLs, Wget retrieves and parses the HTML from the given -URL, documents, retrieving the files the HTML document was referring -to, through markup like `href', or `src'. If the freshly downloaded -file is also of type `text/html' or `application/xhtml+xml', it will be -parsed and followed further. - - Recursive retrieval of HTTP and HTML content is "breadth-first". -This means that Wget first downloads the requested HTML document, then -the documents linked from that document, then the documents linked by -them, and so on. In other words, Wget first downloads the documents at -depth 1, then those at depth 2, and so on until the specified maximum -depth. - - The maximum "depth" to which the retrieval may descend is specified -with the `-l' option. The default maximum depth is five layers. - - When retrieving an FTP URL recursively, Wget will retrieve all the -data from the given directory tree (including the subdirectories up to -the specified depth) on the remote server, creating its mirror image -locally. FTP retrieval is also limited by the `depth' parameter. -Unlike HTTP recursion, FTP recursion is performed depth-first. - - By default, Wget will create a local directory tree, corresponding to -the one found on the remote server. - - Recursive retrieving can find a number of applications, the most -important of which is mirroring. It is also useful for WWW -presentations, and any other opportunities where slow network -connections should be bypassed by storing the files locally. - - You should be warned that recursive downloads can overload the remote -servers. Because of that, many administrators frown upon them and may -ban access from your site if they detect very fast downloads of big -amounts of content. When downloading from Internet servers, consider -using the `-w' option to introduce a delay between accesses to the -server. The download will take a while longer, but the server -administrator will not be alarmed by your rudeness. - - Of course, recursive download may cause problems on your machine. If -left to run unchecked, it can easily fill up the disk. If downloading -from local network, it can also take bandwidth on the system, as well as -consume memory and CPU. - - Try to specify the criteria that match the kind of download you are -trying to achieve. If you want to download only one page, use -`--page-requisites' without any additional recursion. If you want to -download things under one directory, use `-np' to avoid downloading -things from other directories. If you want to download all the files -from one directory, use `-l 1' to make sure the recursion depth never -exceeds one. *Note Following Links::, for more information about this. - - Recursive retrieval should be used with care. Don't say you were not -warned. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Following Links, Next: Time-Stamping, Prev: Recursive Download, Up: Top - -4 Following Links -***************** - -When retrieving recursively, one does not wish to retrieve loads of -unnecessary data. Most of the time the users bear in mind exactly what -they want to download, and want Wget to follow only specific links. - - For example, if you wish to download the music archive from -`fly.srk.fer.hr', you will not want to download all the home pages that -happen to be referenced by an obscure part of the archive. - - Wget possesses several mechanisms that allows you to fine-tune which -links it will follow. - -* Menu: - -* Spanning Hosts:: (Un)limiting retrieval based on host name. -* Types of Files:: Getting only certain files. -* Directory-Based Limits:: Getting only certain directories. -* Relative Links:: Follow relative links only. -* FTP Links:: Following FTP links. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Spanning Hosts, Next: Types of Files, Up: Following Links - -4.1 Spanning Hosts -================== - -Wget's recursive retrieval normally refuses to visit hosts different -than the one you specified on the command line. This is a reasonable -default; without it, every retrieval would have the potential to turn -your Wget into a small version of google. - - However, visiting different hosts, or "host spanning," is sometimes -a useful option. Maybe the images are served from a different server. -Maybe you're mirroring a site that consists of pages interlinked between -three servers. Maybe the server has two equivalent names, and the HTML -pages refer to both interchangeably. - -Span to any host--`-H' - The `-H' option turns on host spanning, thus allowing Wget's - recursive run to visit any host referenced by a link. Unless - sufficient recursion-limiting criteria are applied depth, these - foreign hosts will typically link to yet more hosts, and so on - until Wget ends up sucking up much more data than you have - intended. - -Limit spanning to certain domains--`-D' - The `-D' option allows you to specify the domains that will be - followed, thus limiting the recursion only to the hosts that - belong to these domains. Obviously, this makes sense only in - conjunction with `-H'. A typical example would be downloading the - contents of `www.server.com', but allowing downloads from - `images.server.com', etc.: - - wget -rH -Dserver.com http://www.server.com/ - - You can specify more than one address by separating them with a - comma, e.g. `-Ddomain1.com,domain2.com'. - -Keep download off certain domains--`--exclude-domains' - If there are domains you want to exclude specifically, you can do - it with `--exclude-domains', which accepts the same type of - arguments of `-D', but will _exclude_ all the listed domains. For - example, if you want to download all the hosts from `foo.edu' - domain, with the exception of `sunsite.foo.edu', you can do it like - this: - - wget -rH -Dfoo.edu --exclude-domains sunsite.foo.edu \ - http://www.foo.edu/ - - - -File: wget.info, Node: Types of Files, Next: Directory-Based Limits, Prev: Spanning Hosts, Up: Following Links - -4.2 Types of Files -================== - -When downloading material from the web, you will often want to restrict -the retrieval to only certain file types. For example, if you are -interested in downloading GIFs, you will not be overjoyed to get loads -of PostScript documents, and vice versa. - - Wget offers two options to deal with this problem. Each option -description lists a short name, a long name, and the equivalent command -in `.wgetrc'. - -`-A ACCLIST' -`--accept ACCLIST' -`accept = ACCLIST' - The argument to `--accept' option is a list of file suffixes or - patterns that Wget will download during recursive retrieval. A - suffix is the ending part of a file, and consists of "normal" - letters, e.g. `gif' or `.jpg'. A matching pattern contains - shell-like wildcards, e.g. `books*' or `zelazny*196[0-9]*'. - - So, specifying `wget -A gif,jpg' will make Wget download only the - files ending with `gif' or `jpg', i.e. GIFs and JPEGs. On the - other hand, `wget -A "zelazny*196[0-9]*"' will download only files - beginning with `zelazny' and containing numbers from 1960 to 1969 - anywhere within. Look up the manual of your shell for a - description of how pattern matching works. - - Of course, any number of suffixes and patterns can be combined - into a comma-separated list, and given as an argument to `-A'. - -`-R REJLIST' -`--reject REJLIST' -`reject = REJLIST' - The `--reject' option works the same way as `--accept', only its - logic is the reverse; Wget will download all files _except_ the - ones matching the suffixes (or patterns) in the list. - - So, if you want to download a whole page except for the cumbersome - MPEGs and .AU files, you can use `wget -R mpg,mpeg,au'. - Analogously, to download all files except the ones beginning with - `bjork', use `wget -R "bjork*"'. The quotes are to prevent - expansion by the shell. - - The `-A' and `-R' options may be combined to achieve even better -fine-tuning of which files to retrieve. E.g. `wget -A "*zelazny*" -R -.ps' will download all the files having `zelazny' as a part of their -name, but _not_ the PostScript files. - - Note that these two options do not affect the downloading of HTML -files; Wget must load all the HTMLs to know where to go at -all--recursive retrieval would make no sense otherwise. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Directory-Based Limits, Next: Relative Links, Prev: Types of Files, Up: Following Links - -4.3 Directory-Based Limits -========================== - -Regardless of other link-following facilities, it is often useful to -place the restriction of what files to retrieve based on the directories -those files are placed in. There can be many reasons for this--the -home pages may be organized in a reasonable directory structure; or some -directories may contain useless information, e.g. `/cgi-bin' or `/dev' -directories. - - Wget offers three different options to deal with this requirement. -Each option description lists a short name, a long name, and the -equivalent command in `.wgetrc'. - -`-I LIST' -`--include LIST' -`include_directories = LIST' - `-I' option accepts a comma-separated list of directories included - in the retrieval. Any other directories will simply be ignored. - The directories are absolute paths. - - So, if you wish to download from `http://host/people/bozo/' - following only links to bozo's colleagues in the `/people' - directory and the bogus scripts in `/cgi-bin', you can specify: - - wget -I /people,/cgi-bin http://host/people/bozo/ - -`-X LIST' -`--exclude LIST' -`exclude_directories = LIST' - `-X' option is exactly the reverse of `-I'--this is a list of - directories _excluded_ from the download. E.g. if you do not want - Wget to download things from `/cgi-bin' directory, specify `-X - /cgi-bin' on the command line. - - The same as with `-A'/`-R', these two options can be combined to - get a better fine-tuning of downloading subdirectories. E.g. if - you want to load all the files from `/pub' hierarchy except for - `/pub/worthless', specify `-I/pub -X/pub/worthless'. - -`-np' -`--no-parent' -`no_parent = on' - The simplest, and often very useful way of limiting directories is - disallowing retrieval of the links that refer to the hierarchy - "above" than the beginning directory, i.e. disallowing ascent to - the parent directory/directories. - - The `--no-parent' option (short `-np') is useful in this case. - Using it guarantees that you will never leave the existing - hierarchy. Supposing you issue Wget with: - - wget -r --no-parent http://somehost/~luzer/my-archive/ - - You may rest assured that none of the references to - `/~his-girls-homepage/' or `/~luzer/all-my-mpegs/' will be - followed. Only the archive you are interested in will be - downloaded. Essentially, `--no-parent' is similar to - `-I/~luzer/my-archive', only it handles redirections in a more - intelligent fashion. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Relative Links, Next: FTP Links, Prev: Directory-Based Limits, Up: Following Links - -4.4 Relative Links -================== - -When `-L' is turned on, only the relative links are ever followed. -Relative links are here defined those that do not refer to the web -server root. For example, these links are relative: - - <a href="foo.gif"> - <a href="foo/bar.gif"> - <a href="../foo/bar.gif"> - - These links are not relative: - - <a href="/foo.gif"> - <a href="/foo/bar.gif"> - <a href="http://www.server.com/foo/bar.gif"> - - Using this option guarantees that recursive retrieval will not span -hosts, even without `-H'. In simple cases it also allows downloads to -"just work" without having to convert links. - - This option is probably not very useful and might be removed in a -future release. - - -File: wget.info, Node: FTP Links, Prev: Relative Links, Up: Following Links - -4.5 Following FTP Links -======================= - -The rules for FTP are somewhat specific, as it is necessary for them to -be. FTP links in HTML documents are often included for purposes of -reference, and it is often inconvenient to download them by default. - - To have FTP links followed from HTML documents, you need to specify -the `--follow-ftp' option. Having done that, FTP links will span hosts -regardless of `-H' setting. This is logical, as FTP links rarely point -to the same host where the HTTP server resides. For similar reasons, -the `-L' options has no effect on such downloads. On the other hand, -domain acceptance (`-D') and suffix rules (`-A' and `-R') apply -normally. - - Also note that followed links to FTP directories will not be -retrieved recursively further. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Time-Stamping, Next: Startup File, Prev: Following Links, Up: Top - -5 Time-Stamping -*************** - -One of the most important aspects of mirroring information from the -Internet is updating your archives. - - Downloading the whole archive again and again, just to replace a few -changed files is expensive, both in terms of wasted bandwidth and money, -and the time to do the update. This is why all the mirroring tools -offer the option of incremental updating. - - Such an updating mechanism means that the remote server is scanned in -search of "new" files. Only those new files will be downloaded in the -place of the old ones. - - A file is considered new if one of these two conditions are met: - - 1. A file of that name does not already exist locally. - - 2. A file of that name does exist, but the remote file was modified - more recently than the local file. - - To implement this, the program needs to be aware of the time of last -modification of both local and remote files. We call this information -the "time-stamp" of a file. - - The time-stamping in GNU Wget is turned on using `--timestamping' -(`-N') option, or through `timestamping = on' directive in `.wgetrc'. -With this option, for each file it intends to download, Wget will check -whether a local file of the same name exists. If it does, and the -remote file is older, Wget will not download it. - - If the local file does not exist, or the sizes of the files do not -match, Wget will download the remote file no matter what the time-stamps -say. - -* Menu: - -* Time-Stamping Usage:: -* HTTP Time-Stamping Internals:: -* FTP Time-Stamping Internals:: - - -File: wget.info, Node: Time-Stamping Usage, Next: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Up: Time-Stamping - -5.1 Time-Stamping Usage -======================= - -The usage of time-stamping is simple. Say you would like to download a -file so that it keeps its date of modification. - - wget -S http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/ - - A simple `ls -l' shows that the time stamp on the local file equals -the state of the `Last-Modified' header, as returned by the server. As -you can see, the time-stamping info is preserved locally, even without -`-N' (at least for HTTP). - - Several days later, you would like Wget to check if the remote file -has changed, and download it if it has. - - wget -N http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/ - - Wget will ask the server for the last-modified date. If the local -file has the same timestamp as the server, or a newer one, the remote -file will not be re-fetched. However, if the remote file is more -recent, Wget will proceed to fetch it. - - The same goes for FTP. For example: - - wget "ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/*" - - (The quotes around that URL are to prevent the shell from trying to -interpret the `*'.) - - After download, a local directory listing will show that the -timestamps match those on the remote server. Reissuing the command -with `-N' will make Wget re-fetch _only_ the files that have been -modified since the last download. - - If you wished to mirror the GNU archive every week, you would use a -command like the following, weekly: - - wget --timestamping -r ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ - - Note that time-stamping will only work for files for which the server -gives a timestamp. For HTTP, this depends on getting a `Last-Modified' -header. For FTP, this depends on getting a directory listing with -dates in a format that Wget can parse (*note FTP Time-Stamping -Internals::). - - -File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Next: FTP Time-Stamping Internals, Prev: Time-Stamping Usage, Up: Time-Stamping - -5.2 HTTP Time-Stamping Internals -================================ - -Time-stamping in HTTP is implemented by checking of the `Last-Modified' -header. If you wish to retrieve the file `foo.html' through HTTP, Wget -will check whether `foo.html' exists locally. If it doesn't, -`foo.html' will be retrieved unconditionally. - - If the file does exist locally, Wget will first check its local -time-stamp (similar to the way `ls -l' checks it), and then send a -`HEAD' request to the remote server, demanding the information on the -remote file. - - The `Last-Modified' header is examined to find which file was -modified more recently (which makes it "newer"). If the remote file is -newer, it will be downloaded; if it is older, Wget will give up.(1) - - When `--backup-converted' (`-K') is specified in conjunction with -`-N', server file `X' is compared to local file `X.orig', if extant, -rather than being compared to local file `X', which will always differ -if it's been converted by `--convert-links' (`-k'). - - Arguably, HTTP time-stamping should be implemented using the -`If-Modified-Since' request. - - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) As an additional check, Wget will look at the `Content-Length' -header, and compare the sizes; if they are not the same, the remote -file will be downloaded no matter what the time-stamp says. - - -File: wget.info, Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals, Prev: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Up: Time-Stamping - -5.3 FTP Time-Stamping Internals -=============================== - -In theory, FTP time-stamping works much the same as HTTP, only FTP has -no headers--time-stamps must be ferreted out of directory listings. - - If an FTP download is recursive or uses globbing, Wget will use the -FTP `LIST' command to get a file listing for the directory containing -the desired file(s). It will try to analyze the listing, treating it -like Unix `ls -l' output, extracting the time-stamps. The rest is -exactly the same as for HTTP. Note that when retrieving individual -files from an FTP server without using globbing or recursion, listing -files will not be downloaded (and thus files will not be time-stamped) -unless `-N' is specified. - - Assumption that every directory listing is a Unix-style listing may -sound extremely constraining, but in practice it is not, as many -non-Unix FTP servers use the Unixoid listing format because most (all?) -of the clients understand it. Bear in mind that RFC959 defines no -standard way to get a file list, let alone the time-stamps. We can -only hope that a future standard will define this. - - Another non-standard solution includes the use of `MDTM' command -that is supported by some FTP servers (including the popular -`wu-ftpd'), which returns the exact time of the specified file. Wget -may support this command in the future. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Startup File, Next: Examples, Prev: Time-Stamping, Up: Top - -6 Startup File -************** - -Once you know how to change default settings of Wget through command -line arguments, you may wish to make some of those settings permanent. -You can do that in a convenient way by creating the Wget startup -file--`.wgetrc'. - - Besides `.wgetrc' is the "main" initialization file, it is -convenient to have a special facility for storing passwords. Thus Wget -reads and interprets the contents of `$HOME/.netrc', if it finds it. -You can find `.netrc' format in your system manuals. - - Wget reads `.wgetrc' upon startup, recognizing a limited set of -commands. - -* Menu: - -* Wgetrc Location:: Location of various wgetrc files. -* Wgetrc Syntax:: Syntax of wgetrc. -* Wgetrc Commands:: List of available commands. -* Sample Wgetrc:: A wgetrc example. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Wgetrc Location, Next: Wgetrc Syntax, Up: Startup File - -6.1 Wgetrc Location -=================== - -When initializing, Wget will look for a "global" startup file, -`/usr/local/etc/wgetrc' by default (or some prefix other than -`/usr/local', if Wget was not installed there) and read commands from -there, if it exists. - - Then it will look for the user's file. If the environmental variable -`WGETRC' is set, Wget will try to load that file. Failing that, no -further attempts will be made. - - If `WGETRC' is not set, Wget will try to load `$HOME/.wgetrc'. - - The fact that user's settings are loaded after the system-wide ones -means that in case of collision user's wgetrc _overrides_ the -system-wide wgetrc (in `/usr/local/etc/wgetrc' by default). Fascist -admins, away! - - -File: wget.info, Node: Wgetrc Syntax, Next: Wgetrc Commands, Prev: Wgetrc Location, Up: Startup File - -6.2 Wgetrc Syntax -================= - -The syntax of a wgetrc command is simple: - - variable = value - - The "variable" will also be called "command". Valid "values" are -different for different commands. - - The commands are case-insensitive and underscore-insensitive. Thus -`DIr__PrefiX' is the same as `dirprefix'. Empty lines, lines beginning -with `#' and lines containing white-space only are discarded. - - Commands that expect a comma-separated list will clear the list on an -empty command. So, if you wish to reset the rejection list specified in -global `wgetrc', you can do it with: - - reject = - - -File: wget.info, Node: Wgetrc Commands, Next: Sample Wgetrc, Prev: Wgetrc Syntax, Up: Startup File - -6.3 Wgetrc Commands -=================== - -The complete set of commands is listed below. Legal values are listed -after the `='. Simple Boolean values can be set or unset using `on' -and `off' or `1' and `0'. A fancier kind of Boolean allowed in some -cases is the "lockable Boolean", which may be set to `on', `off', -`always', or `never'. If an option is set to `always' or `never', that -value will be locked in for the duration of the Wget -invocation--command-line options will not override. - - Some commands take pseudo-arbitrary values. ADDRESS values can be -hostnames or dotted-quad IP addresses. N can be any positive integer, -or `inf' for infinity, where appropriate. STRING values can be any -non-empty string. - - Most of these commands have direct command-line equivalents. Also, -any wgetrc command can be specified on the command line using the -`--execute' switch (*note Basic Startup Options::.) - -accept/reject = STRING - Same as `-A'/`-R' (*note Types of Files::). - -add_hostdir = on/off - Enable/disable host-prefixed file names. `-nH' disables it. - -continue = on/off - If set to on, force continuation of preexistent partially retrieved - files. See `-c' before setting it. - -background = on/off - Enable/disable going to background--the same as `-b' (which - enables it). - -backup_converted = on/off - Enable/disable saving pre-converted files with the suffix - `.orig'--the same as `-K' (which enables it). - -base = STRING - Consider relative URLs in URL input files forced to be interpreted - as HTML as being relative to STRING--the same as `--base=STRING'. - -bind_address = ADDRESS - Bind to ADDRESS, like the `--bind-address=ADDRESS'. - -ca_certificate = FILE - Set the certificate authority bundle file to FILE. The same as - `--ca-certificate=FILE'. - -ca_directory = DIRECTORY - Set the directory used for certificate authorities. The same as - `--ca-directory=DIRECTORY'. - -cache = on/off - When set to off, disallow server-caching. See the `--no-cache' - option. - -certificate = FILE - Set the client certificate file name to FILE. The same as - `--certificate=FILE'. - -certificate_type = STRING - Specify the type of the client certificate, legal values being - `PEM' (the default) and `DER' (aka ASN1). The same as - `--certificate-type=STRING'. - -check_certificate = on/off - If this is set to off, the server certificate is not checked - against the specified client authorities. The default is "on". - The same as `--check-certificate'. - -convert_links = on/off - Convert non-relative links locally. The same as `-k'. - -cookies = on/off - When set to off, disallow cookies. See the `--cookies' option. - -connect_timeout = N - Set the connect timeout--the same as `--connect-timeout'. - -cut_dirs = N - Ignore N remote directory components. Equivalent to - `--cut-dirs=N'. - -debug = on/off - Debug mode, same as `-d'. - -delete_after = on/off - Delete after download--the same as `--delete-after'. - -dir_prefix = STRING - Top of directory tree--the same as `-P STRING'. - -dirstruct = on/off - Turning dirstruct on or off--the same as `-x' or `-nd', - respectively. - -dns_cache = on/off - Turn DNS caching on/off. Since DNS caching is on by default, this - option is normally used to turn it off and is equivalent to - `--no-dns-cache'. - -dns_timeout = N - Set the DNS timeout--the same as `--dns-timeout'. - -domains = STRING - Same as `-D' (*note Spanning Hosts::). - -dot_bytes = N - Specify the number of bytes "contained" in a dot, as seen - throughout the retrieval (1024 by default). You can postfix the - value with `k' or `m', representing kilobytes and megabytes, - respectively. With dot settings you can tailor the dot retrieval - to suit your needs, or you can use the predefined "styles" (*note - Download Options::). - -dots_in_line = N - Specify the number of dots that will be printed in each line - throughout the retrieval (50 by default). - -dot_spacing = N - Specify the number of dots in a single cluster (10 by default). - -egd_file = FILE - Use STRING as the EGD socket file name. The same as - `--egd-file=FILE'. - -exclude_directories = STRING - Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude - from download--the same as `-X STRING' (*note Directory-Based - Limits::). - -exclude_domains = STRING - Same as `--exclude-domains=STRING' (*note Spanning Hosts::). - -follow_ftp = on/off - Follow FTP links from HTML documents--the same as `--follow-ftp'. - -follow_tags = STRING - Only follow certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, - just like `--follow-tags=STRING'. - -force_html = on/off - If set to on, force the input filename to be regarded as an HTML - document--the same as `-F'. - -ftp_password = STRING - Set your FTP password to STRING. Without this setting, the - password defaults to `-wget@', which is a useful default for - anonymous FTP access. - - This command used to be named `passwd' prior to Wget 1.10. - -ftp_proxy = STRING - Use STRING as FTP proxy, instead of the one specified in - environment. - -ftp_user = STRING - Set FTP user to STRING. - - This command used to be named `login' prior to Wget 1.10. - -glob = on/off - Turn globbing on/off--the same as `--glob' and `--no-glob'. - -header = STRING - Define a header for HTTP doewnloads, like using `--header=STRING'. - -html_extension = on/off - Add a `.html' extension to `text/html' or `application/xhtml+xml' - files without it, like `-E'. - -http_keep_alive = on/off - Turn the keep-alive feature on or off (defaults to on). Turning it - off is equivalent to `--no-http-keep-alive'. - -http_password = STRING - Set HTTP password, equivalent to `--http-password=STRING'. - -http_proxy = STRING - Use STRING as HTTP proxy, instead of the one specified in - environment. - -http_user = STRING - Set HTTP user to STRING, equivalent to `--http-user=STRING'. - -ignore_length = on/off - When set to on, ignore `Content-Length' header; the same as - `--ignore-length'. - -ignore_tags = STRING - Ignore certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, like - `--ignore-tags=STRING'. - -include_directories = STRING - Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow - when downloading--the same as `-I STRING'. - -inet4_only = on/off - Force connecting to IPv4 addresses, off by default. You can put - this in the global init file to disable Wget's attempts to resolve - and connect to IPv6 hosts. Available only if Wget was compiled - with IPv6 support. The same as `--inet4-only' or `-4'. - -inet6_only = on/off - Force connecting to IPv6 addresses, off by default. Available - only if Wget was compiled with IPv6 support. The same as - `--inet6-only' or `-6'. - -input = FILE - Read the URLs from STRING, like `-i FILE'. - -limit_rate = RATE - Limit the download speed to no more than RATE bytes per second. - The same as `--limit-rate=RATE'. - -load_cookies = FILE - Load cookies from FILE. See `--load-cookies FILE'. - -logfile = FILE - Set logfile to FILE, the same as `-o FILE'. - -mirror = on/off - Turn mirroring on/off. The same as `-m'. - -netrc = on/off - Turn reading netrc on or off. - -noclobber = on/off - Same as `-nc'. - -no_parent = on/off - Disallow retrieving outside the directory hierarchy, like - `--no-parent' (*note Directory-Based Limits::). - -no_proxy = STRING - Use STRING as the comma-separated list of domains to avoid in - proxy loading, instead of the one specified in environment. - -output_document = FILE - Set the output filename--the same as `-O FILE'. - -page_requisites = on/off - Download all ancillary documents necessary for a single HTML page - to display properly--the same as `-p'. - -passive_ftp = on/off/always/never - Change setting of passive FTP, equivalent to the `--passive-ftp' - option. Some scripts and `.pm' (Perl module) files download files - using `wget --passive-ftp'. If your firewall does not allow this, - you can set `passive_ftp = never' to override the command-line. - -password = STRING - Specify password STRING for both FTP and HTTP file retrieval. - This command can be overridden using the `ftp_password' and - `http_password' command for FTP and HTTP respectively. - -post_data = STRING - Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send STRING in - the request body. The same as `--post-data=STRING'. - -post_file = FILE - Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the contents - of FILE in the request body. The same as `--post-file=FILE'. - -prefer_family = IPv4/IPv6/none - When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses - with specified address family first. IPv4 addresses are preferred - by default. The same as `--prefer-family', which see for a - detailed discussion of why this is useful. - -private_key = FILE - Set the private key file to FILE. The same as - `--private-key=FILE'. - -private_key_type = STRING - Specify the type of the private key, legal values being `PEM' (the - default) and `DER' (aka ASN1). The same as - `--private-type=STRING'. - -progress = STRING - Set the type of the progress indicator. Legal types are `dot' and - `bar'. Equivalent to `--progress=STRING'. - -protocol_directories = on/off - When set, use the protocol name as a directory component of local - file names. The same as `--protocol-directories'. - -proxy_user = STRING - Set proxy authentication user name to STRING, like - `--proxy-user=STRING'. - -proxy_password = STRING - Set proxy authentication password to STRING, like - `--proxy-password=STRING'. - -quiet = on/off - Quiet mode--the same as `-q'. - -quota = QUOTA - Specify the download quota, which is useful to put in the global - `wgetrc'. When download quota is specified, Wget will stop - retrieving after the download sum has become greater than quota. - The quota can be specified in bytes (default), kbytes `k' - appended) or mbytes (`m' appended). Thus `quota = 5m' will set - the quota to 5 megabytes. Note that the user's startup file - overrides system settings. - -random_file = FILE - Use FILE as a source of randomness on systems lacking - `/dev/random'. - -read_timeout = N - Set the read (and write) timeout--the same as `--read-timeout=N'. - -reclevel = N - Recursion level (depth)--the same as `-l N'. - -recursive = on/off - Recursive on/off--the same as `-r'. - -referer = STRING - Set HTTP `Referer:' header just like `--referer=STRING'. (Note it - was the folks who wrote the HTTP spec who got the spelling of - "referrer" wrong.) - -relative_only = on/off - Follow only relative links--the same as `-L' (*note Relative - Links::). - -remove_listing = on/off - If set to on, remove FTP listings downloaded by Wget. Setting it - to off is the same as `--no-remove-listing'. - -restrict_file_names = unix/windows - Restrict the file names generated by Wget from URLs. See - `--restrict-file-names' for a more detailed description. - -retr_symlinks = on/off - When set to on, retrieve symbolic links as if they were plain - files; the same as `--retr-symlinks'. - -retry_connrefused = on/off - When set to on, consider "connection refused" a transient - error--the same as `--retry-connrefused'. - -robots = on/off - Specify whether the norobots convention is respected by Wget, "on" - by default. This switch controls both the `/robots.txt' and the - `nofollow' aspect of the spec. *Note Robot Exclusion::, for more - details about this. Be sure you know what you are doing before - turning this off. - -save_cookies = FILE - Save cookies to FILE. The same as `--save-cookies FILE'. - -secure_protocol = STRING - Choose the secure protocol to be used. Legal values are `auto' - (the default), `SSLv2', `SSLv3', and `TLSv1'. The same as - `--secure-protocol=STRING'. - -server_response = on/off - Choose whether or not to print the HTTP and FTP server - responses--the same as `-S'. - -span_hosts = on/off - Same as `-H'. - -strict_comments = on/off - Same as `--strict-comments'. - -timeout = N - Set all applicable timeout values to N, the same as `-T N'. - -timestamping = on/off - Turn timestamping on/off. The same as `-N' (*note - Time-Stamping::). - -tries = N - Set number of retries per URL--the same as `-t N'. - -use_proxy = on/off - When set to off, don't use proxy even when proxy-related - environment variables are set. In that case it is the same as - using `--no-proxy'. - -user = STRING - Specify username STRING for both FTP and HTTP file retrieval. - This command can be overridden using the `ftp_user' and - `http_user' command for FTP and HTTP respectively. - -verbose = on/off - Turn verbose on/off--the same as `-v'/`-nv'. - -wait = N - Wait N seconds between retrievals--the same as `-w N'. - -waitretry = N - Wait up to N seconds between retries of failed retrievals - only--the same as `--waitretry=N'. Note that this is turned on by - default in the global `wgetrc'. - -randomwait = on/off - Turn random between-request wait times on or off. The same as - `--random-wait'. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Sample Wgetrc, Prev: Wgetrc Commands, Up: Startup File - -6.4 Sample Wgetrc -================= - -This is the sample initialization file, as given in the distribution. -It is divided in two section--one for global usage (suitable for global -startup file), and one for local usage (suitable for `$HOME/.wgetrc'). -Be careful about the things you change. - - Note that almost all the lines are commented out. For a command to -have any effect, you must remove the `#' character at the beginning of -its line. - - ### - ### Sample Wget initialization file .wgetrc - ### - - ## You can use this file to change the default behaviour of wget or to - ## avoid having to type many many command-line options. This file does - ## not contain a comprehensive list of commands -- look at the manual - ## to find out what you can put into this file. - ## - ## Wget initialization file can reside in /usr/local/etc/wgetrc - ## (global, for all users) or $HOME/.wgetrc (for a single user). - ## - ## To use the settings in this file, you will have to uncomment them, - ## as well as change them, in most cases, as the values on the - ## commented-out lines are the default values (e.g. "off"). - - - ## - ## Global settings (useful for setting up in /usr/local/etc/wgetrc). - ## Think well before you change them, since they may reduce wget's - ## functionality, and make it behave contrary to the documentation: - ## - - # You can set retrieve quota for beginners by specifying a value - # optionally followed by 'K' (kilobytes) or 'M' (megabytes). The - # default quota is unlimited. - #quota = inf - - # You can lower (or raise) the default number of retries when - # downloading a file (default is 20). - #tries = 20 - - # Lowering the maximum depth of the recursive retrieval is handy to - # prevent newbies from going too "deep" when they unwittingly start - # the recursive retrieval. The default is 5. - #reclevel = 5 - - # By default Wget uses "passive FTP" transfer where the client - # initiates the data connection to the server rather than the other - # way around. That is required on systems behind NAT where the client - # computer cannot be easily reached from the Internet. However, some - # firewalls software explicitly supports active FTP and in fact has - # problems supporting passive transfer. If you are in such - # environment, use "passive_ftp = off" to revert to active FTP. - #passive_ftp = off - - # The "wait" command below makes Wget wait between every connection. - # If, instead, you want Wget to wait only between retries of failed - # downloads, set waitretry to maximum number of seconds to wait (Wget - # will use "linear backoff", waiting 1 second after the first failure - # on a file, 2 seconds after the second failure, etc. up to this max). - waitretry = 10 - - - ## - ## Local settings (for a user to set in his $HOME/.wgetrc). It is - ## *highly* undesirable to put these settings in the global file, since - ## they are potentially dangerous to "normal" users. - ## - ## Even when setting up your own ~/.wgetrc, you should know what you - ## are doing before doing so. - ## - - # Set this to on to use timestamping by default: - #timestamping = off - - # It is a good idea to make Wget send your email address in a `From:' - # header with your request (so that server administrators can contact - # you in case of errors). Wget does *not* send `From:' by default. - #header = From: Your Name <username@site.domain> - - # You can set up other headers, like Accept-Language. Accept-Language - # is *not* sent by default. - #header = Accept-Language: en - - # You can set the default proxies for Wget to use for http and ftp. - # They will override the value in the environment. - #http_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/ - #ftp_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/ - - # If you do not want to use proxy at all, set this to off. - #use_proxy = on - - # You can customize the retrieval outlook. Valid options are default, - # binary, mega and micro. - #dot_style = default - - # Setting this to off makes Wget not download /robots.txt. Be sure to - # know *exactly* what /robots.txt is and how it is used before changing - # the default! - #robots = on - - # It can be useful to make Wget wait between connections. Set this to - # the number of seconds you want Wget to wait. - #wait = 0 - - # You can force creating directory structure, even if a single is being - # retrieved, by setting this to on. - #dirstruct = off - - # You can turn on recursive retrieving by default (don't do this if - # you are not sure you know what it means) by setting this to on. - #recursive = off - - # To always back up file X as X.orig before converting its links (due - # to -k / --convert-links / convert_links = on having been specified), - # set this variable to on: - #backup_converted = off - - # To have Wget follow FTP links from HTML files by default, set this - # to on: - #follow_ftp = off - - -File: wget.info, Node: Examples, Next: Various, Prev: Startup File, Up: Top - -7 Examples -********** - -The examples are divided into three sections loosely based on their -complexity. - -* Menu: - -* Simple Usage:: Simple, basic usage of the program. -* Advanced Usage:: Advanced tips. -* Very Advanced Usage:: The hairy stuff. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Simple Usage, Next: Advanced Usage, Up: Examples - -7.1 Simple Usage -================ - - * Say you want to download a URL. Just type: - - wget http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ - - * But what will happen if the connection is slow, and the file is - lengthy? The connection will probably fail before the whole file - is retrieved, more than once. In this case, Wget will try getting - the file until it either gets the whole of it, or exceeds the - default number of retries (this being 20). It is easy to change - the number of tries to 45, to insure that the whole file will - arrive safely: - - wget --tries=45 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg - - * Now let's leave Wget to work in the background, and write its - progress to log file `log'. It is tiring to type `--tries', so we - shall use `-t'. - - wget -t 45 -o log http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg & - - The ampersand at the end of the line makes sure that Wget works in - the background. To unlimit the number of retries, use `-t inf'. - - * The usage of FTP is as simple. Wget will take care of login and - password. - - wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/welcome.msg - - * If you specify a directory, Wget will retrieve the directory - listing, parse it and convert it to HTML. Try: - - wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ - links index.html - - -File: wget.info, Node: Advanced Usage, Next: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Simple Usage, Up: Examples - -7.2 Advanced Usage -================== - - * You have a file that contains the URLs you want to download? Use - the `-i' switch: - - wget -i FILE - - If you specify `-' as file name, the URLs will be read from - standard input. - - * Create a five levels deep mirror image of the GNU web site, with - the same directory structure the original has, with only one try - per document, saving the log of the activities to `gnulog': - - wget -r http://www.gnu.org/ -o gnulog - - * The same as the above, but convert the links in the HTML files to - point to local files, so you can view the documents off-line: - - wget --convert-links -r http://www.gnu.org/ -o gnulog - - * Retrieve only one HTML page, but make sure that all the elements - needed for the page to be displayed, such as inline images and - external style sheets, are also downloaded. Also make sure the - downloaded page references the downloaded links. - - wget -p --convert-links http://www.server.com/dir/page.html - - The HTML page will be saved to `www.server.com/dir/page.html', and - the images, stylesheets, etc., somewhere under `www.server.com/', - depending on where they were on the remote server. - - * The same as the above, but without the `www.server.com/' directory. - In fact, I don't want to have all those random server directories - anyway--just save _all_ those files under a `download/' - subdirectory of the current directory. - - wget -p --convert-links -nH -nd -Pdownload \ - http://www.server.com/dir/page.html - - * Retrieve the index.html of `www.lycos.com', showing the original - server headers: - - wget -S http://www.lycos.com/ - - * Save the server headers with the file, perhaps for post-processing. - - wget --save-headers http://www.lycos.com/ - more index.html - - * Retrieve the first two levels of `wuarchive.wustl.edu', saving them - to `/tmp'. - - wget -r -l2 -P/tmp ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/ - - * You want to download all the GIFs from a directory on an HTTP - server. You tried `wget http://www.server.com/dir/*.gif', but that - didn't work because HTTP retrieval does not support globbing. In - that case, use: - - wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://www.server.com/dir/ - - More verbose, but the effect is the same. `-r -l1' means to - retrieve recursively (*note Recursive Download::), with maximum - depth of 1. `--no-parent' means that references to the parent - directory are ignored (*note Directory-Based Limits::), and - `-A.gif' means to download only the GIF files. `-A "*.gif"' would - have worked too. - - * Suppose you were in the middle of downloading, when Wget was - interrupted. Now you do not want to clobber the files already - present. It would be: - - wget -nc -r http://www.gnu.org/ - - * If you want to encode your own username and password to HTTP or - FTP, use the appropriate URL syntax (*note URL Format::). - - wget ftp://hniksic:mypassword@unix.server.com/.emacs - - Note, however, that this usage is not advisable on multi-user - systems because it reveals your password to anyone who looks at - the output of `ps'. - - * You would like the output documents to go to standard output - instead of to files? - - wget -O - http://jagor.srce.hr/ http://www.srce.hr/ - - You can also combine the two options and make pipelines to - retrieve the documents from remote hotlists: - - wget -O - http://cool.list.com/ | wget --force-html -i - - - -File: wget.info, Node: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Advanced Usage, Up: Examples - -7.3 Very Advanced Usage -======================= - - * If you wish Wget to keep a mirror of a page (or FTP - subdirectories), use `--mirror' (`-m'), which is the shorthand for - `-r -l inf -N'. You can put Wget in the crontab file asking it to - recheck a site each Sunday: - - crontab - 0 0 * * 0 wget --mirror http://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog - - * In addition to the above, you want the links to be converted for - local viewing. But, after having read this manual, you know that - link conversion doesn't play well with timestamping, so you also - want Wget to back up the original HTML files before the - conversion. Wget invocation would look like this: - - wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted \ - http://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog - - * But you've also noticed that local viewing doesn't work all that - well when HTML files are saved under extensions other than `.html', - perhaps because they were served as `index.cgi'. So you'd like - Wget to rename all the files served with content-type `text/html' - or `application/xhtml+xml' to `NAME.html'. - - wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted \ - --html-extension -o /home/me/weeklog \ - http://www.gnu.org/ - - Or, with less typing: - - wget -m -k -K -E http://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog - - -File: wget.info, Node: Various, Next: Appendices, Prev: Examples, Up: Top - -8 Various -********* - -This chapter contains all the stuff that could not fit anywhere else. - -* Menu: - -* Proxies:: Support for proxy servers -* Distribution:: Getting the latest version. -* Mailing List:: Wget mailing list for announcements and discussion. -* Reporting Bugs:: How and where to report bugs. -* Portability:: The systems Wget works on. -* Signals:: Signal-handling performed by Wget. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Proxies, Next: Distribution, Up: Various - -8.1 Proxies -=========== - -"Proxies" are special-purpose HTTP servers designed to transfer data -from remote servers to local clients. One typical use of proxies is -lightening network load for users behind a slow connection. This is -achieved by channeling all HTTP and FTP requests through the proxy -which caches the transferred data. When a cached resource is requested -again, proxy will return the data from cache. Another use for proxies -is for companies that separate (for security reasons) their internal -networks from the rest of Internet. In order to obtain information -from the Web, their users connect and retrieve remote data using an -authorized proxy. - - Wget supports proxies for both HTTP and FTP retrievals. The -standard way to specify proxy location, which Wget recognizes, is using -the following environment variables: - -`http_proxy' - This variable should contain the URL of the proxy for HTTP - connections. - -`ftp_proxy' - This variable should contain the URL of the proxy for FTP - connections. It is quite common that HTTP_PROXY and FTP_PROXY are - set to the same URL. - -`no_proxy' - This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain - extensions proxy should _not_ be used for. For instance, if the - value of `no_proxy' is `.mit.edu', proxy will not be used to - retrieve documents from MIT. - - In addition to the environment variables, proxy location and settings -may be specified from within Wget itself. - -`--no-proxy' -`proxy = on/off' - This option and the corresponding command may be used to suppress - the use of proxy, even if the appropriate environment variables - are set. - -`http_proxy = URL' -`ftp_proxy = URL' -`no_proxy = STRING' - These startup file variables allow you to override the proxy - settings specified by the environment. - - Some proxy servers require authorization to enable you to use them. -The authorization consists of "username" and "password", which must be -sent by Wget. As with HTTP authorization, several authentication -schemes exist. For proxy authorization only the `Basic' authentication -scheme is currently implemented. - - You may specify your username and password either through the proxy -URL or through the command-line options. Assuming that the company's -proxy is located at `proxy.company.com' at port 8001, a proxy URL -location containing authorization data might look like this: - - http://hniksic:mypassword@proxy.company.com:8001/ - - Alternatively, you may use the `proxy-user' and `proxy-password' -options, and the equivalent `.wgetrc' settings `proxy_user' and -`proxy_password' to set the proxy username and password. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Distribution, Next: Mailing List, Prev: Proxies, Up: Various - -8.2 Distribution -================ - -Like all GNU utilities, the latest version of Wget can be found at the -master GNU archive site ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. For example, -Wget 1.10.2 can be found at -`ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/wget/wget-1.10.2.tar.gz' - - -File: wget.info, Node: Mailing List, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Distribution, Up: Various - -8.3 Mailing List -================ - -There are several Wget-related mailing lists, all hosted by SunSITE.dk. -The general discussion list is at <wget@sunsite.dk>. It is the -preferred place for bug reports and suggestions, as well as for -discussion of development. You are invited to subscribe. - - To subscribe, simply send mail to <wget-subscribe@sunsite.dk> and -follow the instructions. Unsubscribe by mailing to -<wget-unsubscribe@sunsite.dk>. The mailing list is archived at -`http://www.mail-archive.com/wget%40sunsite.dk/' and at -`http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.general'. - - The second mailing list is at <wget-patches@sunsite.dk>, and is used -to submit patches for review by Wget developers. A "patch" is a -textual representation of change to source code, readable by both -humans and programs. The file `PATCHES' that comes with Wget covers -the creation and submitting of patches in detail. Please don't send -general suggestions or bug reports to `wget-patches'; use it only for -patch submissions. - - To subscribe, simply send mail to <wget-subscribe@sunsite.dk> and -follow the instructions. Unsubscribe by mailing to -<wget-unsubscribe@sunsite.dk>. The mailing list is archived at -`http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.patches'. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Portability, Prev: Mailing List, Up: Various - -8.4 Reporting Bugs -================== - -You are welcome to send bug reports about GNU Wget to -<bug-wget@gnu.org>. - - Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to follow a few -simple guidelines. - - 1. Please try to ascertain that the behavior you see really is a bug. - If Wget crashes, it's a bug. If Wget does not behave as - documented, it's a bug. If things work strange, but you are not - sure about the way they are supposed to work, it might well be a - bug. - - 2. Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as possible. - E.g. if Wget crashes while downloading `wget -rl0 -kKE -t5 -Y0 - http://yoyodyne.com -o /tmp/log', you should try to see if the - crash is repeatable, and if will occur with a simpler set of - options. You might even try to start the download at the page - where the crash occurred to see if that page somehow triggered the - crash. - - Also, while I will probably be interested to know the contents of - your `.wgetrc' file, just dumping it into the debug message is - probably a bad idea. Instead, you should first try to see if the - bug repeats with `.wgetrc' moved out of the way. Only if it turns - out that `.wgetrc' settings affect the bug, mail me the relevant - parts of the file. - - 3. Please start Wget with `-d' option and send us the resulting - output (or relevant parts thereof). If Wget was compiled without - debug support, recompile it--it is _much_ easier to trace bugs - with debug support on. - - Note: please make sure to remove any potentially sensitive - information from the debug log before sending it to the bug - address. The `-d' won't go out of its way to collect sensitive - information, but the log _will_ contain a fairly complete - transcript of Wget's communication with the server, which may - include passwords and pieces of downloaded data. Since the bug - address is publically archived, you may assume that all bug - reports are visible to the public. - - 4. If Wget has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g. `gdb `which - wget` core' and type `where' to get the backtrace. This may not - work if the system administrator has disabled core files, but it is - safe to try. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Portability, Next: Signals, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Various - -8.5 Portability -=============== - -Like all GNU software, Wget works on the GNU system. However, since it -uses GNU Autoconf for building and configuring, and mostly avoids using -"special" features of any particular Unix, it should compile (and work) -on all common Unix flavors. - - Various Wget versions have been compiled and tested under many kinds -of Unix systems, including GNU/Linux, Solaris, SunOS 4.x, OSF (aka -Digital Unix or Tru64), Ultrix, *BSD, IRIX, AIX, and others. Some of -those systems are no longer in widespread use and may not be able to -support recent versions of Wget. If Wget fails to compile on your -system, we would like to know about it. - - Thanks to kind contributors, this version of Wget compiles and works -on 32-bit Microsoft Windows platforms. It has been compiled -successfully using MS Visual C++ 6.0, Watcom, Borland C, and GCC -compilers. Naturally, it is crippled of some features available on -Unix, but it should work as a substitute for people stuck with Windows. -Note that Windows-specific portions of Wget are not guaranteed to be -supported in the future, although this has been the case in practice -for many years now. All questions and problems in Windows usage should -be reported to Wget mailing list at <wget@sunsite.dk> where the -volunteers who maintain the Windows-related features might look at them. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Signals, Prev: Portability, Up: Various - -8.6 Signals -=========== - -Since the purpose of Wget is background work, it catches the hangup -signal (`SIGHUP') and ignores it. If the output was on standard -output, it will be redirected to a file named `wget-log'. Otherwise, -`SIGHUP' is ignored. This is convenient when you wish to redirect the -output of Wget after having started it. - - $ wget http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz & - ... - $ kill -HUP %% - SIGHUP received, redirecting output to `wget-log'. - - Other than that, Wget will not try to interfere with signals in any -way. `C-c', `kill -TERM' and `kill -KILL' should kill it alike. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Appendices, Next: Copying, Prev: Various, Up: Top - -9 Appendices -************ - -This chapter contains some references I consider useful. - -* Menu: - -* Robot Exclusion:: Wget's support for RES. -* Security Considerations:: Security with Wget. -* Contributors:: People who helped. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Robot Exclusion, Next: Security Considerations, Up: Appendices - -9.1 Robot Exclusion -=================== - -It is extremely easy to make Wget wander aimlessly around a web site, -sucking all the available data in progress. `wget -r SITE', and you're -set. Great? Not for the server admin. - - As long as Wget is only retrieving static pages, and doing it at a -reasonable rate (see the `--wait' option), there's not much of a -problem. The trouble is that Wget can't tell the difference between the -smallest static page and the most demanding CGI. A site I know has a -section handled by a CGI Perl script that converts Info files to HTML on -the fly. The script is slow, but works well enough for human users -viewing an occasional Info file. However, when someone's recursive Wget -download stumbles upon the index page that links to all the Info files -through the script, the system is brought to its knees without providing -anything useful to the user (This task of converting Info files could be -done locally and access to Info documentation for all installed GNU -software on a system is available from the `info' command). - - To avoid this kind of accident, as well as to preserve privacy for -documents that need to be protected from well-behaved robots, the -concept of "robot exclusion" was invented. The idea is that the server -administrators and document authors can specify which portions of the -site they wish to protect from robots and those they will permit access. - - The most popular mechanism, and the de facto standard supported by -all the major robots, is the "Robots Exclusion Standard" (RES) written -by Martijn Koster et al. in 1994. It specifies the format of a text -file containing directives that instruct the robots which URL paths to -avoid. To be found by the robots, the specifications must be placed in -`/robots.txt' in the server root, which the robots are expected to -download and parse. - - Although Wget is not a web robot in the strictest sense of the word, -it can downloads large parts of the site without the user's -intervention to download an individual page. Because of that, Wget -honors RES when downloading recursively. For instance, when you issue: - - wget -r http://www.server.com/ - - First the index of `www.server.com' will be downloaded. If Wget -finds that it wants to download more documents from that server, it will -request `http://www.server.com/robots.txt' and, if found, use it for -further downloads. `robots.txt' is loaded only once per each server. - - Until version 1.8, Wget supported the first version of the standard, -written by Martijn Koster in 1994 and available at -`http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/norobots.html'. As of version 1.8, Wget -has supported the additional directives specified in the internet draft -`<draft-koster-robots-00.txt>' titled "A Method for Web Robots -Control". The draft, which has as far as I know never made to an RFC, -is available at `http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/norobots-rfc.txt'. - - This manual no longer includes the text of the Robot Exclusion -Standard. - - The second, less known mechanism, enables the author of an individual -document to specify whether they want the links from the file to be -followed by a robot. This is achieved using the `META' tag, like this: - - <meta name="robots" content="nofollow"> - - This is explained in some detail at -`http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/meta-user.html'. Wget supports this -method of robot exclusion in addition to the usual `/robots.txt' -exclusion. - - If you know what you are doing and really really wish to turn off the -robot exclusion, set the `robots' variable to `off' in your `.wgetrc'. -You can achieve the same effect from the command line using the `-e' -switch, e.g. `wget -e robots=off URL...'. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Security Considerations, Next: Contributors, Prev: Robot Exclusion, Up: Appendices - -9.2 Security Considerations -=========================== - -When using Wget, you must be aware that it sends unencrypted passwords -through the network, which may present a security problem. Here are the -main issues, and some solutions. - - 1. The passwords on the command line are visible using `ps'. The best - way around it is to use `wget -i -' and feed the URLs to Wget's - standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by `C-d'. - Another workaround is to use `.netrc' to store passwords; however, - storing unencrypted passwords is also considered a security risk. - - 2. Using the insecure "basic" authentication scheme, unencrypted - passwords are transmitted through the network routers and gateways. - - 3. The FTP passwords are also in no way encrypted. There is no good - solution for this at the moment. - - 4. Although the "normal" output of Wget tries to hide the passwords, - debugging logs show them, in all forms. This problem is avoided by - being careful when you send debug logs (yes, even when you send - them to me). - - -File: wget.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: Security Considerations, Up: Appendices - -9.3 Contributors -================ - -GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>. However, -its development could never have gone as far as it has, were it not for -the help of many people, either with bug reports, feature proposals, -patches, or letters saying "Thanks!". - -Special thanks goes to the following people (no particular order): - - * Karsten Thygesen--donated system resources such as the mailing - list, web space, and FTP space, along with a lot of time to make - these actually work. - - * Shawn McHorse--bug reports and patches. - - * Kaveh R. Ghazi--on-the-fly `ansi2knr'-ization. Lots of - portability fixes. - - * Gordon Matzigkeit--`.netrc' support. - - * Zlatko Calusic, Tomislav Vujec and Drazen Kacar--feature - suggestions and "philosophical" discussions. - - * Darko Budor--initial port to Windows. - - * Antonio Rosella--help and suggestions, plus the Italian - translation. - - * Tomislav Petrovic, Mario Mikocevic--many bug reports and - suggestions. - - * Francois Pinard--many thorough bug reports and discussions. - - * Karl Eichwalder--lots of help with internationalization and other - things. - - * Junio Hamano--donated support for Opie and HTTP `Digest' - authentication. - - * The people who provided donations for development, including Brian - Gough. - - The following people have provided patches, bug/build reports, useful -suggestions, beta testing services, fan mail and all the other things -that make maintenance so much fun: - - Ian Abbott Tim Adam, Adrian Aichner, Martin Baehr, Dieter Baron, -Roger Beeman, Dan Berger, T. Bharath, Christian Biere, Paul Bludov, -Daniel Bodea, Mark Boyns, John Burden, Wanderlei Cavassin, Gilles Cedoc, -Tim Charron, Noel Cragg, Kristijan Conkas, John Daily, Andreas Damm, -Ahmon Dancy, Andrew Davison, Bertrand Demiddelaer, Andrew Deryabin, -Ulrich Drepper, Marc Duponcheel, Damir Dzeko, Alan Eldridge, -Hans-Andreas Engel, Aleksandar Erkalovic, Andy Eskilsson, Christian -Fraenkel, David Fritz, Charles C. Fu, FUJISHIMA Satsuki, Masashi Fujita, -Howard Gayle, Marcel Gerrits, Lemble Gregory, Hans Grobler, Mathieu -Guillaume, Dan Harkless, Aaron Hawley, Herold Heiko, Jochen Hein, Karl -Heuer, HIROSE Masaaki, Ulf Harnhammar, Gregor Hoffleit, Erik Magnus -Hulthen, Richard Huveneers, Jonas Jensen, Larry Jones, Simon Josefsson, -Mario Juric, Hack Kampbjorn, Const Kaplinsky, Goran Kezunovic, Igor -Khristophorov, Robert Kleine, KOJIMA Haime, Fila Kolodny, Alexander -Kourakos, Martin Kraemer, Sami Krank, Simos KSenitellis, Christian -Lackas, Hrvoje Lacko, Daniel S. Lewart, Nicolas Lichtmeier, Dave Love, -Alexander V. Lukyanov, Thomas Lussnig, Andre Majorel, Aurelien Marchand, -Matthew J. Mellon, Jordan Mendelson, Lin Zhe Min, Jan Minar, Tim Mooney, -Keith Moore, Adam D. Moss, Simon Munton, Charlie Negyesi, R. K. Owen, -Leonid Petrov, Simone Piunno, Andrew Pollock, Steve Pothier, Jan -Prikryl, Marin Purgar, Csaba Raduly, Keith Refson, Bill Richardson, -Tyler Riddle, Tobias Ringstrom, Juan Jose Rodriguez, Maciej W. Rozycki, -Edward J. Sabol, Heinz Salzmann, Robert Schmidt, Nicolas Schodet, -Andreas Schwab, Chris Seawood, Dennis Smit, Toomas Soome, Tage -Stabell-Kulo, Philip Stadermann, Daniel Stenberg, Sven Sternberger, -Markus Strasser, John Summerfield, Szakacsits Szabolcs, Mike Thomas, -Philipp Thomas, Mauro Tortonesi, Dave Turner, Gisle Vanem, Russell -Vincent, Zeljko Vrba, Charles G Waldman, Douglas E. Wegscheid, YAMAZAKI -Makoto, Jasmin Zainul, Bojan Zdrnja, Kristijan Zimmer. - - Apologies to all who I accidentally left out, and many thanks to all -the subscribers of the Wget mailing list. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Copying, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Appendices, Up: Top - -10 Copying -********** - -GNU Wget is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), -which makes it "free software". Please note that "free" in "free -software" refers to liberty, not price. As some people like to point -out, it's the "free" of "free speech", not the "free" of "free beer". - - The exact and legally binding distribution terms are spelled out -below. The GPL guarantees that you have the right (freedom) to run and -change GNU Wget and distribute it to others, and even--if you -want--charge money for doing any of those things. With these rights -comes the obligation to distribute the source code along with the -software and to grant your recipients the same rights and impose the -same restrictions. - - This licensing model is also known as "open source" because it, -among other things, makes sure that all recipients will receive the -source code along with the program, and be able to improve it. The GNU -project prefers the term "free software" for reasons outlined at -`http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html'. - - The exact license terms are defined by this paragraph and the GNU -General Public License it refers to: - - GNU Wget is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it - under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - GNU Wget is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but - WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU - General Public License for more details. - - A copy of the GNU General Public License is included as part of - this manual; if you did not receive it, write to the Free Software - Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. - - In addition to this, this manual is free in the same sense: - - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this - document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software - Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public - License" and "GNU Free Documentation License", with no Front-Cover - Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is - included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". - - The full texts of the GNU General Public License and of the GNU Free -Documentation License are available below. - -* Menu: - -* GNU General Public License:: -* GNU Free Documentation License:: - - -File: wget.info, Node: GNU General Public License, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying - -10.1 GNU General Public License -=============================== - - Version 2, June 1991 - - Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. - -Preamble -======== - -The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom -to share and change it. 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For example, if a patent license would not permit - royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who - receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only - way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain - entirely from distribution of the Program. - - If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable - under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is - intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply - in other circumstances. - - It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any - patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of - any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting - the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is - implemented by public license practices. Many people have made - generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed - through that system in reliance on consistent application of that - system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is - willing to distribute software through any other system and a - licensee cannot impose that choice. - - This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed - to be a consequence of the rest of this License. - - 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in - certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, - the original copyright holder who places the Program under this - License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation - excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only - in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this - License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of - this License. - - 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new - versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such - new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but - may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. - - Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the - Program specifies a version number of this License which applies - to it and "any later version", you have the option of following - the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later - version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program - does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose - any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. - - 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free - programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the - author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted - by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software - Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision - will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of - all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing - and reuse of software generally. - - NO WARRANTY - 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO - WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE - LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT - HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT - WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT - NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND - FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE - QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE - PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY - SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. - - 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN - WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY - MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE - LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, - INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR - INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF - DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU - OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY - OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN - ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. - - END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS -Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs -======================================================= - -If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest -possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it -free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these -terms. - - To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest -to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively -convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least -the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. - - ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. - Copyright (C) YYYY NAME OF AUTHOR - - This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software - Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. - - Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper -mail. - - If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like -this when it starts in an interactive mode: - - Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR - Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. - This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it - under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. - - The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the -appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the -commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show -c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your -program. - - You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or -your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, -if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: - - Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program - `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. - - SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989 - Ty Coon, President of Vice - - This General Public License does not permit incorporating your -program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine -library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary -applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the -GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. - - -File: wget.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: GNU General Public License, Up: Copying - -10.2 GNU Free Documentation License -=================================== - - Version 1.2, November 2002 - - Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. - - 0. PREAMBLE - - The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other - functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to - assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, - with or without modifying it, either commercially or - noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the - author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not - being considered responsible for modifications made by others. - - This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative - works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. - It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft - license designed for free software. - - We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for - free software, because free software needs free documentation: a - free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms - that the software does. But this License is not limited to - software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless - of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. - We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is - instruction or reference. - - 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS - - This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, - that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it - can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice - grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, - to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The - "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member - of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You - accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a - way requiring permission under copyright law. - - A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the - Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with - modifications and/or translated into another language. - - A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section - of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the - publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall - subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could - fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document - is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not - explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of - historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or - of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position - regarding them. - - The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose - titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in - the notice that says that the Document is released under this - License. If a section does not fit the above definition of - Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. - The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document - does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. - - The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are - listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice - that says that the Document is released under this License. A - Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may - be at most 25 words. - - A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, - represented in a format whose specification is available to the - general public, that is suitable for revising the document - straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images - composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some - widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to - text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of - formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an - otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of - markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent - modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is - not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A - copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". - - Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain - ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, - SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and - standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for - human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include - PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that - can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or - XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally - available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF - produced by some word processors for output purposes only. - - The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, - plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the - material this License requires to appear in the title page. For - works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title - Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the - work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. - - A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document - whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses - following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ - stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as - "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) - To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the - Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according - to this definition. - - The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice - which states that this License applies to the Document. These - Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in - this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other - implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and - has no effect on the meaning of this License. - - 2. VERBATIM COPYING - - You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either - commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the - copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License - applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you - add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You - may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading - or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, - you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you - distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow - the conditions in section 3. - - You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, - and you may publicly display copies. - - 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY - - If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly - have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and - the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must - enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all - these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and - Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly - and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The - front cover must present the full title with all words of the - title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material - on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the - covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and - satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in - other respects. - - If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit - legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit - reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto - adjacent pages. - - If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document - numbering more than 100, you must either include a - machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or - state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from - which the general network-using public has access to download - using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent - copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the - latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you - begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that - this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated - location until at least one year after the last time you - distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or - retailers) of that edition to the public. - - It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of - the Document well before redistributing any large number of - copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated - version of the Document. - - 4. MODIFICATIONS - - You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document - under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you - release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with - the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus - licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to - whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these - things in the Modified Version: - - A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title - distinct from that of the Document, and from those of - previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed - in the History section of the Document). You may use the - same title as a previous version if the original publisher of - that version gives permission. - - B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or - entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in - the Modified Version, together with at least five of the - principal authors of the Document (all of its principal - authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you - from this requirement. - - C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the - Modified Version, as the publisher. - - D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. - - E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications - adjacent to the other copyright notices. - - F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license - notice giving the public permission to use the Modified - Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in - the Addendum below. - - G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant - Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's - license notice. - - H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. - - I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, - and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new - authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on - the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in - the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, - and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, - then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in - the previous sentence. - - J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document - for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and - likewise the network locations given in the Document for - previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in - the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a - work that was published at least four years before the - Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version - it refers to gives permission. - - K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", - Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the - section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor - acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. - - L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, - unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers - or the equivalent are not considered part of the section - titles. - - M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section - may not be included in the Modified Version. - - N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled - "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant - Section. - - O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. - - If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or - appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no - material copied from the Document, you may at your option - designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, - add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified - Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any - other section titles. - - You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains - nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various - parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text - has been approved by an organization as the authoritative - definition of a standard. - - You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, - and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end - of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one - passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be - added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the - Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, - previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity - you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may - replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous - publisher that added the old one. - - The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this - License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to - assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. - - 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS - - You may combine the Document with other documents released under - this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for - modified versions, provided that you include in the combination - all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, - unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your - combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all - their Warranty Disclaimers. - - The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and - multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single - copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name - but different contents, make the title of each such section unique - by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the - original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a - unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in - the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the - combined work. - - In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled - "History" in the various original documents, forming one section - Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled - "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You - must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." - - 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS - - You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other - documents released under this License, and replace the individual - copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy - that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the - rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the - documents in all other respects. - - You may extract a single document from such a collection, and - distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert - a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow - this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of - that document. - - 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS - - A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other - separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of - a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the - copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the - legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual - works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this - License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which - are not themselves derivative works of the Document. - - If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these - copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half - of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed - on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the - electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic - form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket - the whole aggregate. - - 8. TRANSLATION - - Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may - distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section - 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special - permission from their copyright holders, but you may include - translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the - original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a - translation of this License, and all the license notices in the - Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also - include the original English version of this License and the - original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a - disagreement between the translation and the original version of - this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will - prevail. - - If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", - "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to - Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the - actual title. - - 9. TERMINATION - - You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document - except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other - attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is - void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this - License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, - from you under this License will not have their licenses - terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. - - 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE - - The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of - the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new - versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may - differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See - `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'. - - Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version - number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered - version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you - have the option of following the terms and conditions either of - that specified version or of any later version that has been - published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If - the Document does not specify a version number of this License, - you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the - Free Software Foundation. - -10.2.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ------------------------------------------------------------ - -To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of -the License in the document and put the following copyright and license -notices just after the title page: - - Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document - under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 - or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; - with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover - Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU - Free Documentation License''. - - If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover -Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: - - with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with - the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts - being LIST. - - If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other -combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the -situation. - - If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of -free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to -permit their use in free software. - - -File: wget.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top - -Concept Index -************* - - -* Menu: - -* .html extension: HTTP Options. (line 6) -* .listing files, removing: FTP Options. (line 21) -* .netrc: Startup File. 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(line 356) -* Keep-Alive, turning off: FTP Options. (line 92) -* latest version: Distribution. (line 6) -* limit bandwidth: Download Options. (line 216) -* link conversion: Recursive Retrieval Options. - (line 32) -* links: Following Links. (line 6) -* list: Mailing List. (line 6) -* loading cookies: HTTP Options. (line 62) -* location of wgetrc: Wgetrc Location. (line 6) -* log file: Logging and Input File Options. - (line 6) -* mailing list: Mailing List. (line 6) -* mirroring: Very Advanced Usage. (line 6) -* no parent: Directory-Based Limits. - (line 43) -* no-clobber: Download Options. (line 30) -* nohup: Invoking. (line 6) -* number of retries: Download Options. (line 12) -* operating systems: Portability. (line 6) -* option syntax: Option Syntax. (line 6) -* output file: Logging and Input File Options. - (line 6) -* overview: Overview. (line 6) -* page requisites: Recursive Retrieval Options. - (line 84) -* passive ftp: FTP Options. (line 61) -* password: Download Options. (line 409) -* pause: Download Options. (line 236) -* Persistent Connections, disabling: FTP Options. (line 92) -* portability: Portability. (line 6) -* POST: HTTP Options. (line 211) -* progress indicator: Download Options. (line 125) -* proxies: Proxies. (line 6) -* proxy <1>: HTTP Options. (line 43) -* proxy: Download Options. (line 279) -* proxy authentication: HTTP Options. (line 169) -* proxy filling: Recursive Retrieval Options. - (line 16) -* proxy password: HTTP Options. (line 169) -* proxy user: HTTP Options. (line 169) -* quiet: Logging and Input File Options. - (line 28) -* quota: Download Options. (line 286) -* random wait: Download Options. (line 261) -* randomness, specifying source of: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 85) -* rate, limit: Download Options. (line 216) -* read timeout: Download Options. (line 204) -* recursion: Recursive Download. (line 6) -* recursive download: Recursive Download. (line 6) -* redirecting output: Advanced Usage. (line 88) -* referer, http: HTTP Options. (line 178) -* reject directories: Directory-Based Limits. - (line 30) -* reject suffixes: Types of Files. (line 34) -* reject wildcards: Types of Files. (line 34) -* relative links: Relative Links. (line 6) -* reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs. (line 6) -* required images, downloading: Recursive Retrieval Options. - (line 84) -* resume download: Download Options. (line 64) -* retries: Download Options. (line 12) -* retries, waiting between: Download Options. (line 249) -* retrieving: Recursive Download. (line 6) -* robot exclusion: Robot Exclusion. (line 6) -* robots.txt: Robot Exclusion. (line 6) -* sample wgetrc: Sample Wgetrc. (line 6) -* saving cookies: HTTP Options. (line 110) -* security: Security Considerations. - (line 6) -* server maintenance: Robot Exclusion. (line 6) -* server response, print: Download Options. (line 159) -* server response, save: HTTP Options. (line 185) -* session cookies: HTTP Options. (line 115) -* signal handling: Signals. (line 6) -* spanning hosts: Spanning Hosts. (line 6) -* spider: Download Options. (line 164) -* SSL: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 6) -* SSL certificate: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 47) -* SSL certificate authority: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 73) -* SSL certificate type, specify: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 53) -* SSL certificate, check: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 23) -* SSL protocol, choose: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. - (line 10) -* startup: Startup File. (line 6) -* startup file: Startup File. (line 6) -* suffixes, accept: Types of Files. (line 15) -* suffixes, reject: Types of Files. (line 34) -* symbolic links, retrieving: FTP Options. (line 73) -* syntax of options: Option Syntax. (line 6) -* syntax of wgetrc: Wgetrc Syntax. (line 6) -* tag-based recursive pruning: Recursive Accept/Reject Options. - (line 24) -* time-stamping: Time-Stamping. (line 6) -* time-stamping usage: Time-Stamping Usage. (line 6) -* timeout: Download Options. (line 175) -* timeout, connect: Download Options. (line 199) -* timeout, DNS: Download Options. (line 193) -* timeout, read: Download Options. (line 204) -* timestamping: Time-Stamping. (line 6) -* tries: Download Options. (line 12) -* types of files: Types of Files. (line 6) -* updating the archives: Time-Stamping. (line 6) -* URL: URL Format. (line 6) -* URL syntax: URL Format. (line 6) -* usage, time-stamping: Time-Stamping Usage. (line 6) -* user: Download Options. (line 409) -* user-agent: HTTP Options. (line 189) -* various: Various. (line 6) -* verbose: Logging and Input File Options. - (line 32) -* wait: Download Options. (line 236) -* wait, random: Download Options. (line 261) -* waiting between retries: Download Options. (line 249) -* Wget as spider: Download Options. (line 164) -* wgetrc: Startup File. (line 6) -* wgetrc commands: Wgetrc Commands. (line 6) -* wgetrc location: Wgetrc Location. (line 6) -* wgetrc syntax: Wgetrc Syntax. (line 6) -* wildcards, accept: Types of Files. (line 15) -* wildcards, reject: Types of Files. (line 34) -* Windows file names: Download Options. (line 321) - - - -Tag Table: -Node: Top974 -Node: Overview1845 -Node: Invoking5380 -Node: URL Format6217 -Ref: URL Format-Footnote-18790 -Node: Option Syntax8892 -Node: Basic Startup Options11571 -Node: Logging and Input File Options12376 -Node: Download Options15029 -Node: Directory Options34648 -Node: HTTP Options37353 -Node: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options49262 -Node: FTP Options54937 -Node: Recursive Retrieval Options59990 -Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options67858 -Node: Recursive Download70857 -Node: Following Links73968 -Node: Spanning Hosts74905 -Node: Types of Files77078 -Node: Directory-Based Limits79538 -Node: Relative Links82188 -Node: FTP Links83025 -Node: Time-Stamping83892 -Node: Time-Stamping Usage85536 -Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals87362 -Ref: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals-Footnote-188638 -Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals88837 -Node: Startup File90303 -Node: Wgetrc Location91177 -Node: Wgetrc Syntax91976 -Node: Wgetrc Commands92696 -Node: Sample Wgetrc106122 -Node: Examples111324 -Node: Simple Usage111664 -Node: Advanced Usage113068 -Node: Very Advanced Usage116769 -Node: Various118264 -Node: Proxies118789 -Node: Distribution121516 -Node: Mailing List121862 -Node: Reporting Bugs123219 -Node: Portability125576 -Node: Signals127018 -Node: Appendices127701 -Node: Robot Exclusion128023 -Node: Security Considerations131800 -Node: Contributors132984 -Node: Copying136681 -Node: GNU General Public License139393 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License158604 -Node: Concept Index181038 - -End Tag Table |