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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-01-03 00:00:18 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-01-03 00:00:18 +0000
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+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<title>A DVI-to-PNG translator</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
+<meta name="description" content="A DVI-to-PNG translator">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8">
+<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
+<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
+<style type="text/css"><!--
+ pre.display { font-family:inherit }
+ pre.format { font-family:inherit }
+ pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+ pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+ pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
+ pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
+ span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
+ span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
+ span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
+--></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class="settitle">A DVI-to-PNG translator</h1>
+<div class="contents">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">dvipng</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Prerequisites">2.1 Prerequisites</a>
+<li><a href="#Configure">2.2 Configure</a>
+<li><a href="#Build_002finstall">2.3 Build/install</a>
+<li><a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</a>
+<li><a href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Basic-usage" href="#Basic-usage">3 Basic usage of dvipng</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Command_002dline-options" href="#Command_002dline-options">4 Command-line options</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Option-summary">4.1 Option summary</a>
+<li><a href="#Option-details">4.2 Option details</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Diagnosing-problems" href="#Diagnosing-problems">5 Diagnosing problems</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Debug-options">5.1 Debug options</a>
+<li><a href="#Included-graphics-problems">5.2 Included graphics problems</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Color" href="#Color">6 Color</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Color-specifications">6.1 Color specifications</a>
+<li><a href="#Color-specials">6.2 Color specials</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Credits" href="#Credits">7 Credits</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="#Copying">8 Copying</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Top"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">dvipng</h2>
+
+<p>This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice
+Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
+
+ <p>This file documents dvipng version 1.6
+
+ <p>Corrections or perhaps rewrites of sections are <em>very welcome</em>.
+
+ <p>Jan-&Aring;ke Larsson
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>: Introduction
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>: How to compile and install dvipng
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>: First things first
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>: Advanced usage
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>: Problems?
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Color">Color</a>: Using color with dvipng
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Copying">Copying</a>: GNU General Public License
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Credits">Credits</a>: People who have contributed
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Index">Index</a>: General index
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Introduction"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
+
+<!-- man begin DESCRIPTION -->
+<!-- readme.texi -->
+<!-- Part of the dvipng distribution -->
+<!-- -->
+<p>This program makes PNG and/or GIF graphics from DVI files as obtained
+from TeX and its relatives.
+
+ <p>If GIF support is enabled, GIF output is chosen by using the
+`<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>' binary or with the `<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>' option.
+
+ <p>It is intended to produce anti-aliased screen-resolution images as fast
+as is possible. The target audience is people who need to generate and
+regenerate many images again and again. The primary target is the
+preview-latex (X)Emacs package, a package to preview formulas from
+within (X)Emacs. Yes, you get to see your formulas in the (X)Emacs
+buffer, see <a href="http://preview-latex.sf.net">http://preview-latex.sf.net</a>.
+
+ <p>Another example is WeBWorK, an internet-based method for delivering
+homework problems to students over the internet, giving students
+instant feedback as to whether or not their answers are correct, see
+<a href="http://webwork.math.rochester.edu">http://webwork.math.rochester.edu</a>.
+
+ <p>Other applications may also benefit, like web applications as latex2html
+and WYSIWYG editors like LyX.
+
+ <p>The benefits of `<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>'/`<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>' include
+
+ <ul>
+<li>Speed. It is a very fast bitmap-rendering code for DVI files. On a
+fairly low-end laptop, it takes less than a second to generate 150
+one-formula images. This makes dvipng suitable for generating large
+amounts of images on-the-fly, as needed in preview-latex, WeBWorK and
+others.
+
+ <li>It does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. There is a &ndash;follow switch that makes dvipng wait at EOF for
+further output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the end
+of the DVI.
+
+ <li>Interactive query of options. dvipng can read options interactively
+through stdin, and all options are usable. It is even possible to change
+the input file through this interface.
+
+ <li>Supports PK, VF, PostScript Type1, and TrueType fonts, color specials
+and simple PostScript inclusion specials.
+
+ <li>and more...
+
+ </ul>
+
+<!-- man end -->
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Installation"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng-1"></a><a name="index-compilation-2"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-of-dvipng-3"></a>
+
+<!-- install.texi -->
+<!-- Part of the dvipng distribution -->
+<!-- -->
+<p>Installing dvipng should be simple: merely <code>./configure</code>,
+<code>make</code>, and <code>make install</code>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Prerequisites">Prerequisites</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Configure">Configure</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Build_002finstall">Build/install</a>
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">Advice for non-privileged users</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Prerequisites"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Configure">Configure</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.1 Prerequisites</h3>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>The GD Graphics Draw library, libgd
+
+ <p>The drawing library `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>' is necessary, and is downloadable at
+<a href="http://www.boutell.com/gd">http://www.boutell.com/gd</a>, and there are binary packages for
+most operating systems from their respective distributors. In any
+case, the latest version of the library installs using `<samp><span class="samp">autoconf</span></samp>'
+so it should not be difficult for you to install it from source, and
+then proceed with installing dvipng.
+
+ <li>The path-searching library kpathsea
+
+ <p>Kpathsea is most likely included in your LaTeX installation, but it
+may happen that ./configure does not find it; see below. If you do not
+have it, download it from <a href="http://www.ctan.org">http://www.ctan.org</a> and compile it.
+I have no experience with this, so I cannot help much here.
+
+ <li>FreeType 2 and/or T1lib
+
+ <p>While not strictly necessary, you may want to have FreeType 2 or T1lib
+available. Their presence will enable direct support for PostScript
+fonts in dvipng, rather than using `<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>' for rendering the
+fonts. If you have PostScript versons of Computer Modern installed,
+there will be no need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of
+these. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual)
+resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts.
+If both FreeType 2 and T1lib are present, FreeType will be internally
+preferred by dvipng, but T1lib can be chosen at runtime.
+
+ <li>libpng and libz
+
+ <p>To be able to compress and write PNG files to disk, dvipng (or really
+libgd) uses libpng which in turn uses libz. These should be available on
+any modern system, if not, download them and install them.
+
+ <li>The <code>texinfo</code> package
+
+ <p>This is needed for building the documentation.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Configure"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Build_002finstall">Build/install</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Prerequisites">Prerequisites</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.2 Configure</h3>
+
+<p>The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
+various files will be. To do so, run
+
+<pre class="example"> ./configure <var>options</var>
+</pre>
+ <p>(Note: if you have fetched dvipng from CVS rather than a regular
+release, you will have to first generate <samp><span class="file">./configure</span></samp> by running
+<code>autoconf</code> 2.53 or later in the <samp><span class="file">preview</span></samp> directory.)
+
+ <p>On many machines, you will not need to specify any options, but if
+<code>configure</code> cannot determine something on its own, you'll need to
+help it out. For a list of the options type
+
+<pre class="example"> ./configure --help
+</pre>
+ <p>On some machines, the libraries will be installed in directories that
+are not in the linker's search path. This will generate an error when
+running <samp><span class="file">./configure</span></samp>, indicating that it cannot find libgd or
+libkpathsea (most likely). You then need to specify the path to the
+respective library's object files. They are typically called e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">libgd.a</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">libgd.so</span></samp>. If they are located in e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">/sw/local/lib</span></samp>, do
+
+<pre class="example"> ./configure LDFLAGS=-L/sw/local/lib
+</pre>
+ <p>If the library is available as a shared object file (<samp><span class="file">.so</span></samp>), the
+runtime linker may also need to be told where to find the library,
+then use
+
+<pre class="example"> ./configure LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib'
+</pre>
+ <p>When either of these is necessary, it is likely that the C header
+files are also installed in directories that are not in the C
+preprocessor's search path. This will also generate an error when
+running <samp><span class="file">./configure</span></samp>, indicating that it cannot find e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">gd.h</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">kpathsea.h</span></samp> (most likely). You then need to
+specify the path to the respective library's C header files. If they
+are located in e.g., <samp><span class="file">/sw/local/include</span></samp>, do
+
+<pre class="example"> ./configure CPPFLAGS=-I/sw/local/include
+</pre>
+ <p>On my SUN Solaris workstation, I had to combine this into
+
+<pre class="example"> ./configure CPPFLAGS='-I/sw/local/include -I/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/include'\
+ LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib -L/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/lib/'
+</pre>
+ <p class="noindent">where the backslash denotes a continuation of the line.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Build%2finstall"></a>
+<a name="Build_002finstall"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Configure">Configure</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.3 Build/install</h3>
+
+<p>Once <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> has been run, simply enter
+
+<pre class="example"> make
+</pre>
+ <p class="noindent">at the prompt to compile the C code, and build the documentation files.
+To install the files into the locations chosen earlier, type
+
+<pre class="example"> make install
+</pre>
+ <p class="noindent">You may need special privileges to install, e.g., if you are installing
+into system directories.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">Advice for non-privileged users</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Build_002finstall">Build/install</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</h3>
+
+<p>In some cases, a dvipng binary installed outside the texmf tree will
+not be able to find virtual fonts, or the PostScript font maps
+(normally used by dvips). This may be because <em>only</em>
+$SELFAUTOLOC, $SELFAUTODIR, and $SELFAUTOPARENT are used in the texmf
+tree configuration file `<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>'. If so, give the switch
+`<samp><span class="samp">--enable-selfauto-set</span></samp>' to `<samp><span class="samp">./configure</span></samp>'. This will make
+dvipng adjust these three internally so that kpathsea thinks that
+dvipng <em>is</em> installed in the texmf tree.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Advice-for-non-privileged-users"></a>
+<a name="Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users"></a>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</h3>
+
+<p>Often people without system administration privileges want to install
+software for their private use. In that case you need to specify more
+options to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, usually this is done by using
+the `<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>' option to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, and let it
+point to the personal home directory. In that way, resulting binaries
+will be installed under the <samp><span class="file">bin</span></samp> subdirectory of your home
+directory, manual pages under <samp><span class="file">man</span></samp> and so on. That way, it is
+reasonably easy to maintain a bunch of additional packages, since the
+prefix argument is supported by most <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> scripts.
+
+ <p>You'll have to add something like <samp><span class="file">/home/myself/bin</span></samp> to your
+<code>PATH</code> shell variable, if it isn't there already, and similarly set
+the <code>INFOPATH</code> variable to be able to access the documentation.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Basic-usage"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Basic usage of dvipng</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-invoking-dvipng-4"></a>
+To use dvipng at its simplest, simply type
+
+<pre class="example"> dvipng foo
+</pre>
+ <p class="noindent">where <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp> is the output of TeX that you want to convert to
+PNG format. If there are four pages in <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp>, those pages will
+be output as <samp><span class="file">foo1.png</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo2.png</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo3.png</span></samp>, and
+<samp><span class="file">foo4.png</span></samp>, respectively.
+
+ <p>If you have enabled the PostScript font support (via FreeType or T1lib),
+fonts will be rendered as they are needed. Otherwise, if you use fonts
+that have not been used on your system before, they may be automatically
+generated; this process can take a few minutes, so progress reports
+appear by default. The next time the same font is used, it will have
+been saved on disk, so rendering will go much faster. (If dvipng tries
+to endlessly generate the same fonts over and over again, something is
+wrong. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.)
+
+ <p>Many options are available (see the next section). For a brief summary
+of available options, just type
+
+<pre class="example"> dvipng --help
+</pre>
+ <div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Command-line-options"></a>
+<a name="Command_002dline-options"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">4 Command-line options</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-command_002dline-options-5"></a><a name="index-options_002c-dvipng-6"></a>
+dvipng has a plethora of command line options. Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>: Quick listing, from dvipng --help.
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>: More information about each option.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Option-summary"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.1 Option summary</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-7"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+dvipng with no arguments or with the standard `<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>' option.
+
+<pre class="example"> This is dvipng 1.6 Copyright 2002-2005 Jan-Ake Larsson
+
+ Usage: dvipng [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+ Options are chosen to be similar to dvips' options where possible:
+ -d # Debug (# is the debug bitmap, 1 if not given)
+ -D # Output resolution
+ -l # Last page to be output
+ --mode s MetaFont mode (default 'cx')
+ -M* Don't make PK fonts
+ -o f Output file, '%d' is pagenumber
+ -O c Image offset
+ -p # First page to be output
+ -pp #,#.. Page list to be output
+ -q* Quiet operation
+ -r* Reverse order of pages
+ -T c Image size (also accepts '-T bbox' and '-T tight')
+ -v* Verbose operation
+ -x # Override dvi magnification
+ - Interactive query of options
+
+ These do not correspond to dvips options:
+ -bd # Transparent border width in dots
+ -bd s Transparent border fallback color (TeX-style color)
+ --bdpi # Set the base (Metafont) resolution
+ -bg s Background color (TeX-style color or 'Transparent')
+ --depth* Output the image depth on stdout
+ --dvinum* Use TeX page numbers in output filenames
+ -fg s Foreground color (TeX-style color)
+ --follow* Follow mode
+ --gamma # Control color interpolation
+ --gif Output GIF images (dvigif default)
+ --height* Output the image height on stdout
+ --noghostscript* Don't use ghostscript for PostScript specials
+ --nogssafer* Don't use -dSAFER in ghostscript calls
+ --picky When a warning occurs, don't output image
+ --png Output PNG images (dvipng default)
+ --strict When a warning occurs, exit
+ --t1lib* T1lib font rendering (default on)
+ --truecolor* Truecolor output
+ -Q # Quality (T1lib and PK subsampling)
+ -z # PNG compression level
+
+ # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, '0' to turn off
+ c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+
+</pre>
+ <div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Option-details"></a>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.2 Option details</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-8"></a><!-- man begin OPTIONS -->
+
+ <p>Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (`<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>'); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use `<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>'. Such options are marked with a trailing
+`<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>'.
+
+ <dl>
+<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-9"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-10"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+line.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>'<dd>Print a usage message and exit.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>'<dd>Print the version number and exit.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>num</var></samp>'<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>'<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bd '</span><var>num</var> <var>color_spec</var><span class="samp">'</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-transparent-border-width-11"></a><a name="index-transparent-border-fallback-color-12"></a>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this
+option will make the image edges transparent, but it only affects pixels
+with the background color. Giving a <var>color_spec</var> will set the
+fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency
+(the default is the background color). The color spec should be in
+TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. Setting the
+fallback color makes the default border width 1 px. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13"></a>Set the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to
+<var>num</var> dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary when manually
+selecting Metafont mode with the &ndash;mode option (see below).
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-bg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14"></a>Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a background color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. You can
+also specify 'Transparent' or 'transparent' which will give you a
+transparent background with the normal background as a fallback color. A
+capitalized 'Transparent' will give a full-alpha transparency, while an
+all-lowercase 'transparent' will give a simple fully transparent
+background with non-transparent antialiased pixels. The latter would be
+suitable for viewers who cannot cope with a true alpha channel. GIF
+images do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of GIF output,
+both variants will use the latter behaviour. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-debugging-15"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will
+work unless dvipng has been compiled without the `<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>' option
+(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use `<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>' as
+the first option for maximum output. See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-output-resolution_002c-setting-16"></a>Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var>num</var>
+dpi (dots per inch).
+
+ <p>One may want to adjust this to fit a certain text font size (e.g., on
+a web page), and for a text font height of <var>font_px</var> pixels (in
+Mozilla) the correct formula is
+ <pre class="example"> <var>dpi</var> = <var>font_px</var> * 72.27 / 10 [px * TeXpt/in / TeXpt]
+ </pre>
+ <p>The last division by ten is due to the standard font height 10pt in
+your document, if you use 12pt, divide by 12. Unfortunately, some
+proprietary browsers have font height in pt (points), not pixels. You
+have to rescale that to pixels, using the screen resolution (default
+is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is
+ <pre class="example"> <var>font_px</var> = <var>font_pt</var> * 96 / 72 [pt * px/in / (pt/in)]
+ </pre>
+ <p>On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck!
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--depth*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-17"></a><a name="index-depth-reporting-18"></a>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style `<samp><span class="samp">preview.sty</span></samp>' from preview-latex is used. It
+reports the number of pixels from the bottom of the image to the
+baseline of the image. This can be used for vertical positioning of the
+image in, e.g., web documents, where one would use (Cascading
+StyleSheets 1)
+ <pre class="example"> &lt;IMG SRC="<var>filename.png</var>" STYLE="vertical-align: -<var>depth</var>px"&gt;
+ </pre>
+ <p>The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is
+necessary, and the unit is pixels (px).
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum*</span></samp>'<dd>Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page
+numbers rather than the physical page number. See the `<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>' switch.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-fg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029-19"></a>Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a foreground color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'.
+See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--follow*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-follow-mode-20"></a>Enable follow mode. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it does not
+read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX finishes. This
+switch makes dvipng wait at EOF for further output, unless it finds the
+POST marker that indicates the end of the DVI. This is similar to
+`<samp><span class="samp">tail -f</span></samp>' but for DVI-to-PNG conversion.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--freetype*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-FreeType-font-rendering-21"></a>Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is
+available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation time.
+If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript
+Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using `<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>'
+for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer
+Modern installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped variants
+on disk of these. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual)
+resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts.
+Note that if you have both FreeType and T1lib on your system, FreeType
+will be preferred by dvipng. If you for some reason would want to use
+T1lib rendering, use this option.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--gamma </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-gamma-22"></a><a name="index-dark-fonts-23"></a><a name="index-light-fonts-24"></a><a name="index-fuzzy-images-25"></a>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
+color palette. Default value is 1.0. For 0 &lt; <var>num</var> &lt; 1, the
+fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for <var>num</var> &gt;
+1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--gif*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-GIF-image-format-26"></a>The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is
+enabled. This is the default for the `<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>' binary, which only
+will be available when GIF support is enabled. See also the
+`<samp><span class="samp">--png</span></samp>' option.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--height*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-27"></a><a name="index-height-reporting-28"></a>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style `<samp><span class="samp">preview.sty</span></samp>' from preview-latex is used. It
+reports the number of pixels from the top of the image to the
+baseline of the image. The total height of the image is obtained as the
+sum of the values reported from &ndash;height and the &ndash;depth.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-last-page-printed-29"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-30"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals
+sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' option, if specified)
+is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
+compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the DVI file.
+Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>' will end with the ninth page of the document,
+no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-33"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-34"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for
+path searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with the
+base device resolution, given with the `<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi</span></samp>' option. See the
+file <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and
+mode names for most devices. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-35"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-36"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi -->
+Turns off automatic PK font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>). This will have
+no effect when using PostScript fonts, since no PK font generation will
+be done anyway.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off-37"></a>This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying
+PostScript specials. `<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript0</span></samp>' turns the call back on.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER-38"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39"></a>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
+GhostScript interpreter is run with the option `<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>'. The
+`<samp><span class="samp">-nogssafer</span></samp>' option runs GhostScript without `<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>'. The
+`<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>' option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such
+as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from
+having any effect.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-40"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-41"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. A single occurrence of `<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>' or
+`<samp><span class="samp">%01d</span></samp>', <small class="dots">...</small>, `<samp><span class="samp">%09d</span></samp>' will be exchanged for the physical
+page number (this can be changed, see the `<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum</span></samp>' switch). The
+default output filename is `<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">%d.png</span></samp>' where the input DVI
+file was `<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>'.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-offset-pages-42"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>'.
+<!-- (@pxref{papersize special}). -->
+The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
+the paper) by this amount.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-first-page-printed-43"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-44"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-45"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>' option, if
+specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
+a value to compare with the TeX `<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>' values stored in the
+DVI file. Thus, using `<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>' will start with the third page of
+the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--picky*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-no-erroneous-images-47"></a>No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
+output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
+missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you
+have a more complete but slower fallback converter. Mainly, this is
+useful for failed figure inclusion and unknown \special occurrences,
+but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown color specs and
+missing PK fonts.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--png*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-PNG-image-format-48"></a>The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for the
+`<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>' binary. See also the `<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>' option.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-page-range-49"></a>Print pages <var>firstpage</var> through <var>lastpage</var>; but not quite
+equivalent to `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>lastpage</var></samp>'. For example,
+when rendering a book, there may be several instances of a page in the
+DVI file (one in <code>\frontmatter</code>, one in <code>\mainmatter</code>, and one
+in <code>\backmatter</code>). In case of several pages matching, `<samp><span class="samp">-pp
+</span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>' will render <em>all</em> pages that
+matches the specified range, while `<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l
+</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>' will render the pages from the <em>first</em> occurrence
+of <var>firstpage</var> to the <em>first</em> occurrence of <var>lastpage</var>.
+This is the (undocumented) behaviour of dvips. In dvipng you can give
+both kinds of options, in which case you get all pages that matches the
+range in `<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>' between the pages from `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' to `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'. Also
+multiple `<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>' options accumulate, unlike `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'.
+The `<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>' separator can also be `<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>'. Note that `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1</span></samp>'
+will be interpreted as "all pages up to and including 1", if you want a
+page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1--1</span></samp>',
+or more readable, `<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1:-1</span></samp>'.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-quiet-operation-50"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-51"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-52"></a>Run quietly. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-Q </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-53"></a><a name="index-quality-54"></a>Set the quality to <var>num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
+levels for PK and T1lib rendering to be <var>num</var>*<var>num</var>. The default
+value is 4 which gives 16 levels of antialiasing for antialiased fonts
+from these two. If FreeType is available, its rendering is unaffected by
+this option.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-reverse-pagination-55"></a>Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first
+page in the DVI is output first.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>image_size</var></samp>'<dd>Set the image size to <var>image_size</var> which can be either of
+`<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>', or a comma-separated pair of dimensions
+<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var> such as `<samp><span class="samp">.1in,.3cm</span></samp>'. The default is
+`<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>' which produces a PNG that includes all ink put on the page
+and in addition the DVI origin, located 1in from the top and 1in from
+the left edge of the paper. This usually gives whitespace above and to
+the left in the produced image. The value `<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>' will make dvipng
+only include all ink put on the page, producing neat images.
+<!-- (@pxref{papersize special}). -->
+This option overrides any papersize special in the DVI file.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--t1lib*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-T1lib-font-rendering-56"></a>Enable/disable T1lib font rendering (default on). This option is
+available if the T1lib font library was present at compilation time. If
+this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript Type1
+fonts internally, rather than using `<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>' for rendering the
+fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer Modern installed,
+there will be no need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of these.
+Then, you can render images at different (and unusual) resolutions
+without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. Note that if
+you have both FreeType and T1lib on your system FreeType will be
+preferred by dvipng, and if you for some reason rather want to use
+T1lib, give the option `<samp><span class="samp">--freetype0</span></samp>' (see above).
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor*</span></samp>'<dd><a name="index-truecolor-output-57"></a>On systems with a fairly new `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>', one can choose to generate
+truecolor output. This will not be necessary in general unless you
+include truecolor images via a PostScript special (i.e., the
+`<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>' package). It will lead to longer
+execution time, mostly because more data is written to disk.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-v*</span></samp>'<dd>Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts is
+used, in addition to the usual output.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-58"></a>Set the x magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides
+the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and
+100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095,
+1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total
+number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an
+integer, for increased precision.
+
+ <br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">-z </span><var>num</var></samp>'<dd><a name="index-compression-59"></a>Set the PNG compression level to <var>num</var>. This option is enabled if
+your `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>' is new enough. The default compression level is 1,
+which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs. For an
+older `<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>', the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The include file
+`<samp><span class="samp">png.h</span></samp>' says
+<blockquote>
+Currently, valid values range from 0 - 9, corresponding directly to the
+zlib compression levels 0 - 9 (0 - no compression, 9 - "maximal"
+compression). Note that tests have shown that zlib compression levels
+3-6 usually perform as well as level 9 for PNG images, and do
+considerably fewer calculations. In the future, these values may not
+correspond directly to the zlib compression levels.
+</blockquote>
+ </dl>
+ <!-- man end -->
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Diagnosing-problems"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color">Color</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Diagnosing problems</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-problems-60"></a><a name="index-trouble-61"></a><a name="index-debugging-62"></a>
+You've gone through all the trouble of installing dvipng, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to
+work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+
+ <p>Bug reports should be sent to
+<a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
+
+ <p>Questions, suggestions for new features, pleas for help, and/or praise
+should go to <a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>. For more information on this
+mailing list, send a message with just the word `help' as subject or
+body to <a href="mailto:dvipng-request@nongnu.org">dvipng-request@nongnu.org</a> or look at
+<a href="http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng">http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng</a>.
+
+ <p>Offers to support further development will be appreciated. For developer
+access, ask on <a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
+
+ <p>For details on the TeX path-searching library, and <code>mktexpk</code>
+problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Common-problems">Common problems</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>: Getting diagnostics.
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Included-graphics-problems">Included graphics problems</a>: Figures are wrongly rendered.
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Debug-options"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Included-graphics-problems">Included graphics problems</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.1 Debug options</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-debugging-options-63"></a><a name="index-options_002c-debugging-64"></a>
+The `<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>' flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors. The
+parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages,
+simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. To
+track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>.
+
+ <p>Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
+
+ <p>The classes are:
+ <dl>
+<dt>1<dd>Normal dvi op-codes
+<br><dt>2<dd>Virtual fonts
+<br><dt>4<dd>PK fonts
+<br><dt>8<dd>TFM files
+<br><dt>16<dd>Glyph rendering
+<br><dt>32<dd>FreeType calls
+<br><dt>64<dd>Encoding loads
+<br><dt>128<dd>Color specials
+<br><dt>256<dd>GhostScript specials
+<br><dt>512<dd>T1lib calls
+<br><dt>1024<dd>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls
+<br><dt>2048<dd>Kpathsea hash table lookups
+<br><dt>4096<dd>Kpathsea path element expansion
+<br><dt>8192<dd>Kpathsea path searches
+
+ </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Included-graphics-problems"></a>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.2 Included graphics problems</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-graphics-inclusion-problems-65"></a>
+The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding
+box.
+<!-- (@pxref{Bounding box}). -->
+Complain to whoever wrote the software that generated the file if the
+bounding box is indeed incorrect.
+
+ <p>An additional problem is that the image in dvipng is always clipped to
+the bounding box. This is because the image is rendered by GhostScript
+by an internal call and then copied to the dvipng image. At present no
+workaround is known, but there may be one for a future GhostScript.
+We'll see.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Color"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">6 Color</h2>
+
+<p>To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials. These
+specials start with the keyword `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' or the keyword
+`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>', followed by a color specification.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Color-specifications"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.1 Color specifications</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-color-specifications-66"></a>
+The color specification supported by dvipng is by-value or by-name. The
+by-value spec starts with the name of a color model (one of `<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>',
+`<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">cmy</span></samp>', `<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>', or `<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>') followed by the
+appropriate number of parameters. Thus, the color specification
+`<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>' would correspond to the color that is `<samp><span class="samp">0.3
+0.4 0.5</span></samp>' in its red, blue and green values. The color used internally in
+dvipng is `<samp><span class="samp">RGB</span></samp>' (discretized to 256 levels), for details on the
+formulas used in conversion, see the `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>' documentation.
+
+ <p>By-name color specifications are single (case-dependent) words and are
+compared with color names defined in `<samp><span class="samp">dvipsnam.def</span></samp>' (from the
+`<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>' bundle), `<samp><span class="samp">svgnam.def</span></samp>' and `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor.sty</span></samp>' (from
+the `<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>' bundle).
+
+ <p>On the command-line, the name `<samp><span class="samp">Transparent</span></samp>' can also be used in as
+an argument to `<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>' to choose transparent background.
+See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Color-specials"></a>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.2 Color specials</h3>
+
+<p>We will describe `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' first, since it is the simplest. The
+`<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' keyword must be followed by a color specification.
+That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. The
+last `<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>' special on a page is the one that gets used, and
+is used for the whole of the page image. (This is possible because the
+prescan phase of dvipng notices all of the color specials so that the
+appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.)
+
+ <p>The `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special itself has three forms. The first is just
+`<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' followed by a color specification. In this case, the
+current global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty
+when such a command is executed.
+
+ <p>The second form is `<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>' followed by a color specification.
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+
+ <p>The final version of the `<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>' special is just `<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>',
+with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on
+the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be
+that color.
+
+ <p>dvipng correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when
+the pages are rendered repeatedly or in reverse order.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Credits"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">7 Credits</h2>
+
+<p>A number of persons have contributed, if I forget to mention someone, I
+apologize. First and foremost we have David Kastrup whose
+preview-latex project provided the incentive to write this program.
+There is also a number of people who have contributed by reporting bugs
+and suggesting improvements as the thing has evolved. These include but
+is perhaps not limited to (in semi-random order): Thomas Esser
+(teTeX), Christian Schenk (MIKTeX), Brian R Furry (debian
+package), Angus Leeming (LyX), Thomas Boutell (libgd), John Jones (first
+user report), Uwe Kern (xcolor), Alan Shutko, Reiner Stieb, Nick Alcock,
+Adam Buchbinder, Svend Tollak Munkejord, James Longstreet, Bernhard
+Simon, Bob McElrath, Georg Schwarz, Jason Farmer, Brian V. Smith, Samuel
+Hathaway, Thomas R. Shemanske, Stephen Gibson, Christian Ridderstr&ouml;m,
+Ezra Peisach, William H Wheeler, Thomas Klausner, Harald Koenig, Adrian
+Bunk, Kevin Smith, and Jason Riedy.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Copying"></a>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Credits">Credits</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color">Color</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">8 Copying</h2>
+
+<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ <p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ <p>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+ <pre class="sp">
+
+
+</pre>
+Copyright &copy; 2002-2005 Jan-&Aring;ke Larsson
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Index"></a>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Credits">Credits</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<ul class="index-cp" compact>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39">-dSAFER</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46">absolute page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-53">antialiasing levels<span class="roman">, number of</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14">background color (option)</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13">base resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-baseline-reporting-17">baseline reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-66">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-5">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compilation-2">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compression-59">compression</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng-1">configuration, of dvipng</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dark-fonts-23">dark fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-62">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-15">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-options-63">debugging options</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-depth-reporting-18">depth reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-43">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-follow-mode-20">follow mode</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-35">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029-19">foreground color (option)</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FreeType-font-rendering-21">FreeType font rendering</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fuzzy-images-25">fuzzy images</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gamma-22">gamma</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER-38">GhostScript and -dSAFER</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off-37">GhostScript, turning off</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GIF-image-format-26">GIF image format</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-problems-65">graphics inclusion problems</a>: <a href="#Included-graphics-problems">Included graphics problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-height-reporting-28">height reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-dvipng-3">installation, of dvipng</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-invoking-dvipng-4">invoking dvipng</a>: <a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-29">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-light-fonts-24">light fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-58">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-34">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-36"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-33">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-no-erroneous-images-47">no erroneous images</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-offset-pages-42">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of-8">option, details of</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging-64">options, debugging</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-dvipng-6">options, dvipng</a>: <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-9">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-7">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-resolution_002c-setting-16">output resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-40">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page-range-49">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-44">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-30">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-45">physical page number, and `<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>'</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PNG-image-format-48">PNG image format</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-problems-60">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-quality-54">quality</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-50">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-55">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-silent-operation-51">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-10">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-41">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T1lib-font-rendering-56">T1lib font rendering</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-transparent-border-fallback-color-12">transparent border fallback color</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-transparent-border-width-11">transparent border width</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trouble-61">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-truecolor-output-57">truecolor output</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-52">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+ </ul></body></html>
+