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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2009-05-23 00:23:51 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2009-05-23 00:23:51 +0000 |
commit | a683c3d7e9fac38ec713f23fb6b9d2c7143aea82 (patch) | |
tree | 424ab223921f85fd3f167a4ccd0e2d37d05c2927 /Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises | |
parent | 5beb5368a684995153c8566797ba054f21c666af (diff) |
move english latex doc out of texmf-doc
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@13412 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 76007afd388..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,189 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\begin{document} -\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} -\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\section{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% -\footnote{With the result, that all maintanance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been -stopped with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as for any further -developement.} -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds -of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for -\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} - -\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -\begin{enumerate} -\item material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. -\end{enumerate} - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are -given in the documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} - -\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} -\subsection{An additional exercise} -One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads -at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the -chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist -of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist -the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here -demonstrated. - -\newpage\thispagestyle{empty}\noindent -\texttt{chapter} = \arabic{chapter}\\ -\texttt{section} = \arabic{section}\\ -\texttt{subsection} = \arabic{subsection}\\ -\texttt{page} = \arabic{page}\\ -\texttt{footnote} = \arabic{footnote}\\ -\setcounter{equation}{3} -\texttt{equation} = \arabic{equation}\\ -\addtocounter{equation}{2} -\texttt{equation} = \arabic{equation}\\ -\texttt{enumi} = \arabic{enumi}\\ -\texttt{enumii} = \arabic{enumi} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-10.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-10.tex deleted file mode 100644 index ad0d6fabccd..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-10.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcounter{num} -\newenvironment{varlist}[2] - {\begin{list}{\textrm{#1 #2{num}:}}{\usecounter{num}% - \setlength{\labelsep}{5mm} - \settowidth{\leftmargin}{\textrm{#1 #2{num}:}} - \addtolength{\leftmargin}{1cm}}} - {\end{list}} -\begin{document} -\noindent Previous outer text -\begin{varlist}{Sample}{\Alph} - \item without any value - \item with an enclosed voucher -\end{varlist} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index d22019c804b..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcommand{\iint}{\int\!\!\!\int} -\newcommand{\iiint}{\int\!\!\!\int\!\!\!\int} -\newcommand{\idotsint}{\int\cdots\int} -\begin{document}\noindent -Multiple integral symbols in text formulas: $\iint$, $\iiint$, $\idotsint$ - -\noindent Multiple integral symbols in displayed formulas: -\[ \iint\quad\iiint\quad\idotsint \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index ff3678fc7ca..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,180 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}} -\renewcommand{\thesection}{\thechapter--\Roman{section}} -\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection,\roman{subsection}} -\begin{document} -\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} -\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\section{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% -\footnote{With the result, that all maintanance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been -stopped with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as for any further -developement.} -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds -of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for -\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} - -\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -\begin{enumerate} -\item material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. -\end{enumerate} - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are -given in the documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} - -\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} -\subsection{An additional exercise} -One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads -at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the -chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist -of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist -the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here -demonstrated. - -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-4.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-4.tex deleted file mode 100644 index bd752a6a457..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-4.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcommand{\Lbrack}[2]{#1\brack #2} -\newcommand{\Lbrace}[2]{#1\brace #2} -\begin{document}\noindent -The bracket structures in text formulas: -$\Lbrack{n+1}{m-1}$, -$\Lbrace{n+1}{m-1}$ - -\noindent The bracket struktures in displayed formulls: -\[ \Lbrack{n+1}{m} \] -\[ \Lbrace{n+1}{m-1} \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-5.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-5.tex deleted file mode 100644 index fb2cdf571fa..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-5.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcounter{saveeqn} -\newcounter{prenum} -\newcommand{\vareqn}[2]{\setcounter{saveeqn}{\value{equation}}% - \setcounter{equation}{0}\setcounter{prenum}{#1} - \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{prenum}[#2{equation}]}} -\newcommand{\reseteqn}{\setcounter{equation}{\value{saveeqn}}% - \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}}} -\begin{document} -\setcounter{equation}{9} -\vareqn{33}{\Alph} -\begin{equation} \frac{a^2 - b^2}{a + b} = a - b \end{equation} -\begin{equation} \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2 + p^2}} \end{equation} -\begin{equation} \sqrt[n]{\frac{x^n - y^n}{1 + u^{2n}}} \end{equation} -\reseteqn -\begin{equation} 2\sum_{i=1}^n a_i \int^b_a f_i(x) g_i(x)\,dx \end{equation} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-6.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-6.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 2387cf49420..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-6.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcommand{\iiint}[1]{\int\!\!\!\int\limits_{#1}\!\!\!\int} -\newcommand{\iint}[1]{\int\!\!\!\int\limits_{\hspace{-1em}#1}} -\newcommand{\idotsint}[1]{\int\cdots\int_{\hspace{-1.8em}#1}} -\begin{document} -\[ \iint{(D)}\quad\iiint{V}\quad\idotsint{G} \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-7.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-7.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 3ef6ed6c380..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-7.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcommand{\mtrx}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1}}} -\newcommand{\mi}{\mathrm{i}} -\begin{document} -A matrix \mtrx{A} of type $(m,n)$ or shortly $\mtrx{A}_{(m,n)}$ is a structure -of $m\times n$ elements, e.\,g.\ real or complex numbers, functions, -differential quotients, vectors et al., that can be ordered into $m$ rows -and $n$ columns -\[ \mtrx{A} = (a_{ij}) = \left(\begin{array}{cccc} - a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\ - a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \\ - \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ - a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \cdots & a_{mn} - \end{array}\right) \] - -Complex matrices consist of complex elements $a_{\mu\nu} + \mi b_{\mu\nu}$. -Such a complex matrix can be split into two matrices -\[ \mtrx{A} + \mi\mtrx{B} \] -which elements consist of pure real numbers. Between the elements of a -complex matrix \mtrx{A} and the corresponding conjugated complex matrix -\mtrx{A^*} the relation -\[ a^*_{\mu\nu} = \Re(a_{\mu\nu} - \mi\Im(a_{\mu\nu}) \] -exist. - -From the original matrix \mtrx{A} of type $(m,n)$ the transposed matrix -$\mtrx{A}^T$ is created by exchanging the corresponding rows and columns -$(a_{\nu\mu})^T = (a_{\mu\nu})$. It is of type $(n,m)$. - - -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-8.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-8.tex deleted file mode 100644 index e28ac957e70..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-8.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcounter{comment} -\newsavebox{\comname} -\newenvironment{comment}[1] - {\noindent\stepcounter{comment}\slshape Kommentar \arabic{comment}\nopagebreak - \begin{quote}\sloppypar\small\sbox{\comname}{#1}\itshape} - {\nopagebreak\hspace*{\fill}\usebox{\comname}\end{quote}} -\begin{document} -\begin{comment}{Patrick W. Daly} - In this form, every comment is assigned a sequential numbr after the - word Comment. The comment text appears as in a \texttt{quote} environment, - while the name of the commentor is entered as the envrironment argument - and is placed at the right of the last line. In addition no page break - can occur either between the heading `Comment n' and the comment text - and the commenter's name. -\end{comment} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-9.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-9.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 711a7f228e9..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap10/exer10-9.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newlength{\varwidth} -\newenvironment{varpage}[1] - {\settowidth{\varwidth}{#1}\begin{minipage}{\varwidth}} - {\end{minipage}} -\begin{document} -\noindent -\begin{varpage}{`As wide as this sample text'} - The width of this \texttt{minipage} environment is equal to that of the - text\\ - `As wide as this sample text'\\ - as to seen here, -\end{varpage}\qquad -\begin{varpage}{`narrow sample text'} - followed by the smal\-ler \texttt{minipage} environment of the width equal - to the text:\\ - `narrow sample text' -\end{varpage} -\end{document} - - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index bccf83deeed..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,65 +0,0 @@ -\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} -\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index c6d8be061dc..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\begin{document} -\input{exer1} -\input{exer2} -\input{exer3} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index d137fc7cf32..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\typein[\files]{Which files?} -\includeonly{\files} -\begin{document} -\include{exer1} -\include{exer2} -\include{exer3} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 3721ec2d3d0..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{center} -\bfseries\large Certificate\\ -\Large Olympic Spring Games\\ -Walterville 1992\\[1ex] - -\normalsize -\typein{Sport} \\[1ex] -\mdseries -\typein[\unit]{Unit} - -\begin{tabular}{lllrl} -\bfseries Gold & \typein{Gold - Name:} & \typein{Gold - Country:} - & \typein{Gold - Value`:} & \unit \\ -\bfseries Silver & \typein{Silver - Name:} & \typein{Silver - Country:} - & \typein{Silber - Value:} & \unit \\ -\bfseries Bronze & \typein{Bronze - Name:} & \typein{Bronze - Country:} - & \typein{Bronze - Value:} & \unit -\end{tabular} -\end{center} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-4.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-4.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 84cbdcd64c0..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-4.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{thebibliography}{\hspace{1.5cm}} -\bibitem[abr90]{abr90} Abraham P. W., with Hargraves K. A. and Berry K. (1990). - \textsl{\TeX\ for the Impatient.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[bec93]{bec93} Bechtolsheim, S. von (1993) \textsl{\TeX\ in Practice, - Vol.\ I--IV,} New York: Springer -\bibitem[bec93a]{bec93a} Vol.\ I: Basics -\bibitem[bec93b]{bec93b} Vol.\ II: Paragraphs, Math, and Fonts -\bibitem[bec93c]{bec93c} Vol.\ III: Tokens, Macros -\bibitem[bec93d]{bec93d} Vol.\ IV: Output Routines, Tables -\bibitem[dal92]{dal92} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1992) {A Guide to \LaTeX.} - Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[dal95]{dal95} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1995) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} - 2nd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[dal99]{dal99} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1999) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} - 3rd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[dal03]{dal03} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (2003) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} - 4th ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[eij92]{eij92} Eijkhout V. (1992). \textsl{\TeX\ by Topic, a - \TeX nician's Referenc.} Harlow: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[goo94]{goo94} Goossens M., Mittelbach F. and Samarin A. (1994). - \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Companion.} Reading MA: Adddison-Wesley -\bibitem[goo97]{goo97} Goossens M., Rahtz S. and Mittelbach F. (1997). - \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Graphic Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[goo99]{goo99} Goossens M. and Rahtz S. (1999). - \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[knu91]{knu91} Knuth D. E. (1991) \textsl{Computers and Typesetting - Vol A--E.} Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[knu91a]{knu91a} Knuth D. E. (1991a) Vol. A: \textsl{The \TeX book.} - 11.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[knu91b]{knu91b} Knuth D. E. (1991b) Vol. B: \textsl{The Program.} - 4.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[lam94]{lam94} Lamport L. (1994) \textsl{\LaTeX---A Document - Preparation System}, 2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley - Addison-Wesley-Longman (Deutschland) GmbH. Bonn 1995 -\end{thebibliography} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-5.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-5.tex deleted file mode 100644 index cd64bb15fc3..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer11-5.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,136 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\section*{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -The developement of \LaTeX\ between 1992 until now will be best demonstrated -by the four editions of the \LaTeX-Guide textbook. The first edition -\cite{dal92} describes and teaches the old version 2.09, which is now obsolete. -With the occurance of \LaTeXe\ the second edition \cite{dal95} was presented, -explainig and teaching both versions in parallel. In the third edition -\cite{dal99} the \LaTeX\ presentation was mainly restricted to \LaTeXe\ -and still more restricted with the present edition \cite{dal03} - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. - -\newpage - -\begin{thebibliography}{\hspace{1.5cm}} -\bibitem[abr90]{abr90} Abraham P. W., with Hargraves K. A. and Berry K. (1990). - \textsl{\TeX\ for the Impatient.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[bec93]{bec93} Bechtolsheim, S. von (1993) \textsl{\TeX\ in Practice, - Vol.\ I--IV,} New York: Springer -\bibitem[bec93a]{bec93a} Vol.\ I: Basics -\bibitem[bec93b]{bec93b} Vol.\ II: Paragraphs, Math, and Fonts -\bibitem[bec93c]{bec93c} Vol.\ III: Tokens, Macros -\bibitem[bec93d]{bec93d} Vol.\ IV: Output Routines, Tables -\bibitem[dal92]{dal92} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1992) {A Guide to \LaTeX.} - Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[dal95]{dal95} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1995) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} - 2nd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[dal99]{dal99} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (1999) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} - 3rd ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[dal03]{dal03} Daly P. W. and Kopka H. (2003) {A Guide to \LaTeX,} - 4th ed. Workingham, UK: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[eij92]{eij92} Eijkhout V. (1992). \textsl{\TeX\ by Topic, a - \TeX nician's Referenc.} Harlow: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[goo94]{goo94} Goossens M., Mittelbach F. and Samarin A. (1994). - \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Companion.} Reading MA: Adddison-Wesley -\bibitem[goo97]{goo97} Goossens M., Rahtz S. and Mittelbach F. (1997). - \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Graphic Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[goo99]{goo99} Goossens M. and Rahtz S. (1999). - \textsl{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion.} Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[knu91]{knu91} Knuth D. E. (1991) \textsl{Computers and Typesetting - Vol A--E.} Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[knu91a]{knu91a} Knuth D. E. (1991a) Vol. A: \textsl{The \TeX book.} - 11.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[knu91b]{knu91b} Knuth D. E. (1991b) Vol. B: \textsl{The Program.} - 4.~ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley -\bibitem[lam94]{lam94} Lamport L. (1994) \textsl{\LaTeX---A Document - Preparation System}, 2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley - Addison-Wesley-Longman (Deutschland) GmbH. Bonn 1995 -\end{thebibliography} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index a175b787662..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\section{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 77d4b8c87e9..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap11/exer3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} -One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads -at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the -chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist -of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist -the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here -demonstrated. diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 1ae7e6f63b5..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} -\begin{picture}(100,50) - \put(0,0){The First Picture} - \put(0,47){upper left} - \put(70,40){somewhere upper right} - \put(25,25){\parbox{60mm}{A seperate exercise file with the name - \texttt{picture.tex} should be created for the exercises in - this Chapter}} -\end{picture} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index d937fc02dbe..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{150mm} -\begin{document} -\setlength{\unitlength}{1.5mm} -\noindent -\begin{picture}(100,50) - \put(0,0){The First Picture} - \put(0,47){upper left} - \put(70,40){somewhere upper right} - \put(25,25){\parbox[t]{60mm}{A seperate exercise file with the name - \texttt{picture.tex} should be created for the exercises - Bezugspunkt bei der obersten Zeile der Absatzbox}} -\end{picture} - -\bigskip\noindent -\begin{picture}(100,50) - \put(0,0){The First Picture} - \put(0,47){upper left} - \put(70,40){somewhere upper right} - \put(25,25){\parbox[b]{60mm}{A seperate exercise file with the name - \texttt{picture.tex} should be created for the exercises - Bezugspunkt bei der obersten Zeile der Absatzbox}} -\end{picture} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 3c927b9ddc3..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{156mm} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{5mm} -\begin{document} -\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}\thicklines -\noindent -\begin{picture}(156,65)\small -\multiput(1,0)(26,0){6}{\framebox(24,20){}} -\multiput(8,26)(50,0){3}{\framebox(40,16){}} -\put(48,48){\framebox(60,12){}} -\put(78,57.5){\makebox(0,0){\textbf{Directorate}}} -\put(78,52){\makebox(0,0){Managing Director}} -\put(8,50){\framebox(30,10){\begin{minipage}{27mm}\centering - Scientific\\ Advisors\end{minipage}}} -\put(118,52){\framebox(30,8){Trustees}} -\put(28,40){\makebox(0,0){Science}} -\put(78,40){\makebox(0,0){Administration}} -\put(128,40){\makebox(0,0){Technical Head}} -\put(13,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Projects}} -\put(39,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Services}} -\put(65,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Stores}} -\put(91,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Phys.~Plant}} -\put(117,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Workshops}} -\put(143,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Labs}} -\put(143,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Project\\ working\\ groups\end{minipage}}} -\put(117,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Project\\ hardware\\ construction\end{minipage}}} -\put(91,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - including\\ general\\ services\end{minipage}}} -\put(65,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Orders\\ Receiving\\ Customs\end{minipage}}} -\put(39,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Library\\ Computer\\ facilities\end{minipage}}} -\put(13,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - 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Scientific\\ Advisors\end{minipage}}} -\put(118,52){\framebox(30,8){Trustees}} -\multiput(8,37.5)(50,0){3}{\line(1,0){40}} -\put(28,40){\makebox(0,0){Science}} -\put(78,40){\makebox(0,0){Administration}} -\put(128,40){\makebox(0,0){Technical Head}} -\multiput(1,15)(26,0){6}{\line(1,0){24}} -\put(13,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Projects}} -\put(39,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Services}} -\put(65,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Stores}} -\put(91,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Phys.~Plant}} -\put(117,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Workshops}} -\put(143,17.5){\makebox(0,0){Labs}} -\put(143,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Project\\ working\\ groups\end{minipage}}} -\put(117,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Project\\ hardware\\ construction\end{minipage}}} -\put(91,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - including\\ general\\ services\end{minipage}}} -\put(65,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - Orders\\ Receiving\\ Customs\end{minipage}}} -\put(39,7.5){\makebox(0,0){\begin{minipage}{22mm}\centering - 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diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-6.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-6.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 0b3c562b882..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-6.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{130mm} -\begin{document} -\unitlength2.0mm -\begin{picture}(60,28)\thicklines -\multiput(7.5,3)(18,0){2}{\circle{5.5}} -\multiput(7.5,3)(18,0){2}{\circle{2.5}} -\multiput(7.5,3)(18,0){2}{\circle*{0.5}} -\put(16.5,3){\oval(24,6)} -\multiput(10.5,0.5)(1.5,0){9}{\circle*{1}} -\multiput(11.25,5.5)(1.5,0){8}{\circle*{1}} -\put(3.5,2.5){\line(0,1){2.5}} -\put(3.5,5){\line(1,1){2.5}} -\put(29.5,2.5){\line(0,1){2.5}} -\put(29.5,5){\line(-1,1){2.5}} -\put(6,7.5){\line(1,0){21}} -\put(5.25,6.75){\line(1,0){22.5}} -\put(23,8){\line(-1,6){0.5}} -\put(11.5,8){\line(1,3){1}} -\put(11.25,8){\line(1,3){1}} -\put(11.5,8){\line(1,0){11.5}} -\put(12.5,11){\line(1,0){10}} -\put(11.25,9.5){\oval(3,3)[l]} -\put(11.25,11){\line(1,0){1}} -\put(10,9.5){\oval(10,1.5)[l]} -\put(5,9.5){\oval(10,0.9)[l]} -\put(18,11){\oval(2.5,2.5)[t]} -\put(0,0){\line(0,1){2.5}} -\put(0,0){\line(1,0){2.5}} -\put(23,13){$\scriptstyle LU=2~mm$} -\end{picture} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-7.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-7.tex deleted file mode 100644 index f0c686601de..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap15/exer15-7.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{graphpap} -\begin{document} -\setlength{\unitlength}{2mm} -\graphpaper[1](0,0)(50,75) -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 55dfbfa70fe..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British -pound and American dollar is \pounds = \$1.71, an -increase of 1\% over yesterday. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 3e3b95c66d9..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 08a38d23b12..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{eurosym} -\begin{document} -Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British pound -and European euro is \pounds 1 = \euro1.44, an increase of 1\% -over yesterday. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index ca26eeaec38..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{textcomp} -\begin{document} -Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British pound -and European euro is \pounds 1 = \textsf{\texteuro}1.44, an -increase of 1\% over yesterday. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3c.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3c.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 7b774a221dc..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap2/exer2-3c.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{europs} -\begin{document} -Today (\today) the rate of exchange between the British pound -and European euro is \pounds 1 = \EUR1.44, an increase of 1\% -over yesterday. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-10.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-10.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 9dc297215fb..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-10.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\begin{document} -%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ -% Department of Computer Science} -%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle -\chapter{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} -\section{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\chapter{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\section{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -\section{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. - -\section{Demonstration for running heads} -One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads -at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the -chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist -of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist -the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here -demonstrated. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-11.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-11.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 11cde4f1317..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-11.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\begin{document} -%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ -% Department of Computer Science} -%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle -\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} -\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\section{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. - -\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} -One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads -at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the -chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist -of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist -the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here -demonstrated. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.tex deleted file mode 100644 index fdc780ac5ac..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twoside]{report} -\pagestyle{headings} -\begin{document} -%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ -% Department of Computer Science} -%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle -\pagenumbering{roman} -\tableofcontents \newpage -\pagenumbering{arabic} - -\chapter[Floodings at Venice]{Floodings at Venice over Centuries} -\section[A Problem's Solution]{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\chapter[Preface]{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\section{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -\section[The Changes]{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. - -\section[Running heads]{Demonstration for running heads} -One main reason for this exercise was the demonstration of running heads -at the top of the pages execept for the first pages after the -chapter sectioning commands. The running heads on even pages consist -of the actual chapter number and the chapter title. For odd pages consist -the running heads of actual section command for these pages as here -demonstrated. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.toc b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.toc deleted file mode 100644 index f82595285fb..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-12.toc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Floodings at Venice}{1} -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}A Problem's Solution}{1} -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}Can Venice be Saved?}{1} -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.2}Additional Information to the Gate}{2} -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Preface}{3} -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}General Remarks}{3} -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}The Changes}{4} -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Running heads}{5} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index e9c20784095..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt]{article} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 59f30218cdb..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-1b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[12pt]{article} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 4aa38dc98e0..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[twocolumn]{article} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 4a9580c1e3a..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5b2a3215456..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{parskip} -\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.2} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index a66330b8c7d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-4b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{parskip} -\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 8eaf9fe8579..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5f881200c8d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-5b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,111 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} -%*********************************************************************** -% The chosen values for \oddsidemargin and \topmargin are appropriate * -% for a4 paper format. If your printer uses a different papersize, * -% e.g. letter format, adjust this values to those, appropriate for * -% your printer's paper format. * -%*********************************************************************** -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-6.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-6.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 797b1a06680..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-6.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} -\flushbottom -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 08d2848730e..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 7a50acd4b6d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-7b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\pagenumbering{Roman} -\setlength{\textwidth}{15cm} \setlength{\textheight}{23cm} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{7.5mm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-5mm} -\setlength{\evensidemargin}{1mm} -%************************************************************************* -% Again the chosen values for \oddsidemargin, \topmargin and \evenside- * -% margin are appropriate for a4 paper format. If your printer uses a * -% different papersize, e.g. letter format, adjust this values to those * -% appropriate for your printer's paper format. * -%************************************************************************* -\begin{document} -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 81c9c96889f..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\begin{document} -\title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\Texas A \& M University\\ -Department of Computer Science} -\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 03f58441d60..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-8b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[titlepage]{article} -\pagestyle{myheadings} \markright{Exercises} -\begin{document} -\title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\Texas A \& M University\\ -Department of Computer Science} -\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle -CAN VENICE BE SAVED? - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\bigskip -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE GATES. - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\bigskip -PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE - -\medskip -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-9.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-9.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 93aa23daac5..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap3/exer3-9.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,160 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -%\Title{Exercises} \author{Steven Writer\\ Texas A \& M University\\ -% Department of Computer Science} -%\date{College Station, Texas \today} \maketitle -\section{Solution for Venice's Flooding Problems} -\subsection{Can Venice be Saved?} - -Water and Venice have always a complicated relationship. -The world's most famously wet city is also one of its most -famously endangered ones, forever being flooded by its -signature canals. Even since the 14th century, Italian -engineers have dreamed of ways to control the water. Now -a solution may be at hand: the Moses project, a vast series -of sea gates that may finally the sodden city dry. - -The need for Venetian water control has never been greater. -Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in -the past 67 years alone, most diastrously in 1966 when the -water in parts of the city climbed to more than 1.83 m. -Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea -levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses -and making sidewalks and squares impossible. - -The source of the problem is geography. Venice is primarily a -small cluster of interlocked islands set in the northern end of -a 536-sq.-km lagoon. A long ridge of land seperates the lagoon -from the far larger Gulf of Venice except at three major inlets. -These openings allow high gulf tides to become high Venetian tides, -with the water sometimes climbing far enough to swamp the city's -seawalls. - -In 1984 a commission composed of Italy's 50 largest engeneering and -construction firms was formed to find a way to control the water -flow through the inlets, and Moses is it. Moses, an acronym for the -plan's technical name as well as a lyrical reference to the parting of -the Red Sea, calls for 78 hollow sea gates---each up to 5 m thick, 20 m -wide and 27.5 m long---to be hinged to foundations, or caissons, in the -seabed and to lie flat there. The gates would usually be filled with -water, but when tides rises to a height of 1 m or more, compressse air -would pump the water out. The free end of the gates would then float -upwards, breaking the surface after about 30 minutes and sealing off -the inlets. Sea locks would permit permit ships to pass while the gates -are up. - -The project---which would take as long as ten years and cost at least -\$2.7 billion---could still run into obstacles, especially given the -fickle nature of Italian politics. Concerned that gates would be raised -so frequently and remain there so long that they would cause water in the -lagoon to grow stagnant, Greens are making that argument in an -environmental-impact review that could delay or even scuttle construction. -Even so, this is the closest Venice has come to a permanent solution to -its water problems in 700 years. By local bureaucratic standards, that's -not too bad. - -%---By Jeffrey Kluger. Reported by Jeff Israely/Rome---Time, June 2, 2003 - -\subsection{Additional Information to the Gates} - -The gates are made of steel covered with a resistant coating to prevent -building of algae and crustaceans. Every five years they're are scheduled -for removal and cleaning. - -The 78 hollow sea gates are filled with water most of the time and remain -out of sight in a foundation or cassion. During especially high tides, -compressed air flushes out the seawater. Within 30 min.\ the gates rise -to the surface and block the inlets. When the danger passes, water is -admitted back into the gates, causing them to sink within 15 min. - -\section{Preface to the \LaTeX-Guide} -\subsection{General Remarks} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual. -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like `pdf\TeX' and `dvipdfm' for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern `packages' to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth. - -\subsection{The Changes in Detail} -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. - -1. The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - picture environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and `picture' is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -2. It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a markup language, - with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -3. Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, `natbib' where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -4. PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the `hyperref' package by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the `\LaTeX\ Web Companion'. - -5. This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 8a19c9114ec..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -A section of text may be displayed by indenting it by an equal amount -on both sides, with the `quote' or `quotation' environment, as -demonstrated here for the `quote' environment first. -\begin{quote} -Additonal vertical spacing is inserted above and below the displayed -text to seperate it vertically from normal text. - -The text to be displayed may be over any length; it can be part of a -sentence, a whole paragraph, or several paragraphs. - -Paragraphs are seperated as usual with an empty line, although no -empty lines are needed at the beginning and end of the displayed -text since additional vertical spacing is inserted here anyway. -\end{quote} -And here follows a demonstration of the `quotation' environment. -\begin{quotation} -In the `quotation' environment, paragraphs are marked by extra indentation -of the first line, wheras in the `quote' environment, they are indicated -more vertical spacing between them. - -The present text is produced within the `quotation' environment, while -the example above was done with the `quote' environment. - -The `quotation' environment is only really meaningfil, when the regular -text makes use of first-line indentation to show off new paragraphs. -\end{quotation} -The adjacent text behind the `quote' and/or `quotation' environment is -processed in standard form again, as shown here. An empty line behind -one of this environments starts the adjecent text as a new paragraph, -indicated by an indentend first line of the the following text. The -user may demonstrate this by the slight modification for this solution -example. -\end{document} - - - - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-10.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-10.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5cca868bdac..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-10.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} - -% This text is taken from Chapter 6, Tables -% Guide to LaTeX, 4th edition. - -\begin{verbatim} -Table material is made to float with the environment: -\begin{quote} - \verb=\begin{table}= \emph{head\_text\quad table\quad foot\_text\quad} - \verb=\end{table} -\end{quote} -where \emph{table} stands for the entire table as defined in the -\texttt{tabular} environment, \emph{head\_text} for whatever text appears -above the table, and \emph{foot\_text} for that below. Width, spacing, -and positioning of the texts relative to the table are all matters for the -user to arrange. -\end{verbatim} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 82fd219788e..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[12pt]{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{100mm} -\begin{document} -\begin{center}\Large\textbf{The Jabberwocky}\end{center} -\begin{verse}\itshape -'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves\\ -Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:\\ -All mimsy were the borogoves,\\ -And the mome raths outgrabe. - -"Beware the Jabberwock, my son!\\ -The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!\\ -Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun\\ -The frumious Bandersnatch!" - -He took his vorpal sword in hand:\\ -Long time the manxome foe he sought-\\ -So rested he by the Tumtum tree,\\ -And stood awhile in thought. - -And, as in uffish thought he stood,\\ -The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,\\ -Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,\\ -And burbled as it came! - -One, two! One, two! And through and through\\ -The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!\\ -He left it dead, and with its head\\ -He went galumphing back. - -"And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?\\ -Come to my arms, my beamish boy!\\ -O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!"\\ -He chortled in his joy. - -'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves\\ -Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:\\ -All mimsy were the borogoves,\\ -And the mome raths outgrabe. -\end{verse} -\begin{flushright} Lewis Carroll\end{flushright} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 405f4ff97cf..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{titlepage} \centering -\vspace*{5cm} -\textbf{\Huge Exercises}\\[1.5cm] -\Large Steven Writer\\ -Texas A \& M University\\ -Department of Computer Science\\[5mm] -College Station, Texas \today -\end{titlepage} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-4.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-4.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 852050a335c..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-4.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -A forfould nestin of the itemize an environment appears as follows: -\begin{itemize} - \item The label for the first level is a black dot, a \emph{bullet}. - \begin{itemize} - \item That of the second level is a long dash (en dash). - \begin{itemize} - \item That of the third level is an asterisk. - \begin{itemize} - \item And the label for the fourth level is an upshifted dot. - \item At the same time, the vertical spacing is decrease with - increasing depth. - \end{itemize} - \item Back to the third level. - \item Each level may contain several labels of the same degree, - \item as shown here for third level. - \end{itemize} - \item Back to the second level. - \end{itemize} - \item And here we are at the first level of the itemize list again. - \item The standard label markers for each level can be changed by - the user - \item as demonstrated with the solution example for exercise 4.6. -\end{itemize} -Similary for the enumerate environment, where the style of numberin changes -with the nesting level: -\begin{enumerate} - \item The numbering at the first level is with Arabic numerals followed - by a period. - \begin{enumerate} - \item At the second level, it is with lower case letters in paranthesis. - \begin{enumerate} - \item The third level is numbered with lower case Roman numerals - with a period. - \begin{enumerate} - \item At the fourth level, capital letters are used. - \item The label style can be changed as shown in the solution - example for exercise 4.7. - \end{enumerate} - \item Back to the third level. - \end{enumerate} - \item Back to the second level. - \item Also the enumerat environment may contain in every level - several labels of the same degree, - \item as shown here for the second level. - \end{enumerate} - \item Each level should contain at least two labels, - \item but formally less labels are allowed! -\end{enumerate} -\end{document} - - - - - - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-5.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-5.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 838f06ca659..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-5.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\textbf{\large Canadian Participants} -\begin{description} -\item[Ady, Michael S.] Edmonton, Alberta -\item[Brunskill, Roxanne] Calgary, Alberta -\item[Chan, Stephen] Burnaby, British Columbia -\item[Dick, Roberta] Don Mills, Ontario -\item[Flynn, Frank] Vancouver, British Collumbia -\item[Galko, Peter] Ottawa, Ontario -\item[Jones, Ed] Halifax, Nona Scotia -\item[Herschorn, Michael] Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec -\item[Mackinnon, James G.] Kingston, Ontario -\end{description} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-6.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-6.tex deleted file mode 100644 index ec8b4405cf0..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-6.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{---} -\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{--} -\renewcommand{\labelitemiii}{-} -\begin{document} -With the user changed label commands, the standard labels occure now -in the following form: -\begin{itemize} -\item The label for the first level is a long dash (em dash). -\begin{itemize} -\item That for the second level a medium dash (en dash). -\begin{itemize} -\item And that for the third level a short dash, a hyphen. -\item Changed label symbols should be uniform for the whole users documen. -\end{itemize} -\item Also not changed several times within the document. -\end{itemize} -\item As shown here. -\end{itemize} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-7.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-7.tex deleted file mode 100644 index f9d739fffdf..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-7.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{(\Roman{enumi})} -\renewcommand{\labelenumii}{\Roman{enumi}--\arabic{enumii}} -\begin{document} -With the user modified label commands for the first two level of the -enumerate environment, the corresponding labels occure now as follows: -\begin{enumerate} -\item The labels for the first level are roman captal numerals enclosed by -parenthesis. -\begin{enumerate} -\item The labels for the second level are the roman numerals of the first - level followed by the number of the second level, seperated by - a medium dash. -\item Here is the next label of the second level. -\item Followed by the third label of the second level. -\end{enumerate} -\item And back now to the second label of the first level. -\begin{enumerate} -\item And again at the second level with the combined roman numeral and - the actual label number of this level. -\item And so one for continously labels of this label -\item as demonstrated here for the third label -\end{enumerate} -\item An back now the the next label of the first level -\item before we leave the enumerate environment. -\end{enumerate} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-8.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-8.tex deleted file mode 100644 index eb5c771f23d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-8.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\newcounter{num} -\newenvironment{sample}{\begin{list}{\textbf{Sample \Alph{num}}\hfill}% - {\usecounter{num} \setlength{\labelwidth}{20mm} - \setlength{\leftmargin}{22mm} \setlength{\rightmargin}{5mm} - \setlength{\itemsep}{1ex plus0.5ex minus 0.4ex} - \setlength{\listparindent}{1em} - \setlength{\parsep}{0ex plus0.5ex} }} - {\end{list}} -\begin{document} -The user defined \texttt{sample}-environment of the upper preamble -demontrates the position of the corresponding label and their -left an right margins. -\begin{sample} -\item with no commercial value. -\item on receipt of the enclosed voucher an amount of 5.00 \$ will be - paid. -\end{sample} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-9.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-9.tex deleted file mode 100644 index a90d9519bb8..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap4/exer4-9.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{verbatim} -Table material is made to float with the envronment: -\begin{quote} - \verb=\begin{table}= \emph{head\_text\quad table\quad foot\_text\quad} - \verb=\end{table} -\end{quote} -where \emph{table} stands for the entire table as defined in the -\texttt{tabular} environment, \emph{head\_text} for whatever text appears -above the table, and \emph{foot\_text} for that below. Width, spacing, -and positioning of the texts relative to the table are all matters for the -user to arrange. -\end{verbatim} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 59fc66dc4b5..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} - -% First Solution -\footnotesize\noindent -\begin{minipage}[b]{85mm} -\parbox[t]{3.5cm}{The first line of this 3.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox - is aligned with the first line of the neighboring minipage or parbox.} -\hfill -\parbox[t]{4.5cm}{This 4.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox is positioned so - so that its top line is at the same level as that of the box on the - left, while its bottom line is even with that of the box on the right. - The na\"{\i}ve notation that this arrangement may be achieved with the - positioning arguments \texttt{t}, \texttt{t}, and \texttt{b} is incorrect. - Why? What would this selection really produce?} \\ \mbox{} -\end{minipage}\hfill -\parbox[b]{3.1cm}{The true solution involves the nesting of two of the three - structures in an enclosed minipage, which is then seperated aligned - with the third one.} - -% Second Solution -\vspace{10mm}\noindent -\parbox[t]{3.5cm}{The first line of this 3.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox - is aligned with the first line of the neighboring minipage or parbox.} -\hfill -\begin{minipage}[t]{81mm}\mbox{}\\ -\parbox[b]{4.5cm}{This 4.5\,cm wide minipage or parbox is positioned so - so that its top line is at the same level as that of the box on the - left, while its bottom line is even with that of the box on the right. - The na\"{\i}ve notation that this arrangement may be achieved with the - positioning arguments \texttt{t}, \texttt{t}, and \texttt{b} is incorrect. - Why? What would this selection really produce?} -\hfill -\parbox[b]{3.1cm}{The true solution involves the nesting of two of the three - structures in an enclosed minipage, which is then seperated aligned - with the third one.} -\end{minipage} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index bf1ac8442a2..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{german} -\begin{document} - -\newsavebox{\warning} -\sbox{\warning}{\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.25mm}\setlength{\fboxsep}{1.5mm}% -\fbox{\parbox{10cm}{\large Vertical placement of minipages and parboxes can - lead to surprising results which may be corrected by the use of dummy - lines.}}} - -\begin{center} \usebox{\warning} \end{center} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 92c67d1e25a..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,97 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\section*{PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% -\footnote{With the result, that all maintance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been stopped -with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as any further developement.} -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like pdf\TeX and \texttt{dvipdfm} for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern \emph{packages} to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds -of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for -\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. -\begin{enumerate} -\item The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - \texttt{picture} environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and \texttt{picturer} is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a \emph{markup} - language, with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, \texttt{natbib} where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the \texttt{hyperref package} by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material. - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the \textsl{\LaTeX\ Web Companion}. - -\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. -\end{enumerate} - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are -given in the self documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-4.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-4.tex deleted file mode 100644 index b7c54109292..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap5/exer5-4.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} -\begin{document} -\section*{PREFACE TO THE \LaTeX-GUIDE} - -A new edition to ``A Guide to \LaTeX'' begs the fundamental question: -Has \LaTeX\ changed so much since the appearance of the third edition in 1999 -that a new release of this manual is justified? - -The simple answer to that question is `Well \dots.' In 1994, the \LaTeX\ -world was in upheaval with the issue of the new version \LaTeXe, and the -second edition of the `Guide' came out just then to act as the bridge -between the old and new versions. By 1998, the initial teething problems had -been worked out and corrected through semi-annual releases, and the third -edition could describe an established, working system. However, homage was -still paid to the older 2.09 version since many users still employed its -familiar syntax, although they were most likely to be using it in a \LaTeXe\ -environment. \LaTeX\ has now reached a degree of stability that since 2000 -the regular updates have been reduced to annual events, which often appear -months after the nominal date, something that does not worry anyone. The old -version 2.09 is obsolete and should no longer play any role in such a manual.% -\footnote{With the result, that all maintance for \LaTeX\ 2.09 has been stopped -with the occurance of \LaTeXe\ as well as any further developement.} -In this fourth edition, it is reduced to an appendix just to document its -syntax and usage. - -But if \LaTeX\ itself has not changed substantially since 1999, many of its -peripherals have. The rise of programs like pdf\TeX and \texttt{dvipdfm} for -PDF output adds new possibilities, which are realized, not in \LaTeX\ -directly, but by means of more modern \emph{packages} to extend the basic -features. The distribution of \TeX/\LaTeX\ installations has changed, such -that most users are given a complete, ready-to-run setup, with all the -`extras' that one used to have to obtain oneself. Those extras include -user-contributed packages, many of which are now considered indispensable. -Today `the \LaTeX\ system' includes much more than the basic kernel by Leslie -Lamport, encompassing the contributions of hundreds of other people. This -edition reflects this increase in breadth.\footnote{In between many hundreds -of supplements and extensions in form of packages have been developed for -\LaTeXe. Only the most important will be presented in this book.} - -The changes to the fourth edition are mainly those of emphasis. -\begin{enumerate} -\item The material has been reorganized into `Basics' and `Beyond the Basics' - (`advanced' sounds too intimidating) while the appendices contain - topics that really can be skipped by most everyday users. Exception: - Appendix H is an alphabetized command summary that many - people find extremely useful (including ourselves). - - This reorganizing is meant to stress certain aspects over others. For - example, the section on graphics inclusion and color was originally - treated as an exotic freak, relegated to an appendix on extensions; in the - third edition, it moved up to be included in a front chapter along with the - \texttt{picture} environment and floats; now it dominates - Chapter 6 all on its own, the floats come in the following - Chapter 7, and \texttt{picturer} is banished to the later - Chapter 13. This is not to say that the picture features are no good, - but only that they are very specialized. We add - descriptions of additional drawing possibilities there too. - -\item It is stressed as much as possible that \LaTeX\ is a \emph{markup} - language, with separation of content and form. Typographical settings - should be placed in the preamble, while the body contains only logical - markup. This is in keeping with the modern ideas of XML, where form and - content are radically segregated. - -\item Throughout this edition, contributed packages are explained at that point - in the text where they are most relevant. The `fancyhdr' package - comes in the section on page styles, \texttt{natbib} where literature - citations are explained. This stresses that these `extensions' are part of - the \LaTeX\ system as a whole. However, to remind the user that they must - still be explicitly loaded, a marginal note is placed at the start of their - descriptions. - -\item PDF output is taken for granted throughout the book, in addition to the - classical DVI format. This means that the added possibilities of `pdf\TeX' - and `dvipdfm' are explained where they are relevant. A separate - Chapter 10 on PostScript and PDF is still necessary, and the - best interface to PDF output, the \texttt{hyperref package} by Sebastian - Rahtz, is explained in detail. PDF is also included in - Chapter 15 on presentation material. - - On the other hand, the other Web output formats, HTML and XML, are only - dealt with briefly in Appendix E, since these are large topics - treated in other books, most noticeably the \textsl{\LaTeX\ Web Companion}. - -\item This book is being distributed with the \TeX Live CD, with the kind - permission of Sebastian Rahtz who maintains it for the \TeX\ Users Group. - It contains a full \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ installation for Windows, Macintosh, - and Linux, plus many of the myriad extensions that exist. -\end{enumerate} - -We once again express our hope that this \textsl{Guide} will prove more than -useful to all those who wish to find their way through the intricate world of -\LaTeX. And with the addition of the \TeX Live CD, that world is brought even -closer to their doorsteps.\footnote{Information for installation details are -given in the self documentation for the \TeX Live CD.} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5845bc6c1cd..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{tabbing} -Project: \=Total Requirements \= = \$900\,000.00 \+\\ - of which \> 2003\'= \$450\,000.00 \+\\ - 2004\' = \$350\,000.00 \\ 2005\' = \$100\,000.00\-\\[0.5ex] \pushtabs - 2003 approved: \=\$350\,000.00\quad\= Deficiency: \= \$100\,000.00\\ - 2004 \> \$300\,000.00 \>\>\$150\,000.00\\ - 2005 \> \$250\,000.00 \> Surplus:\>\$150\,000.00 \\[0.5ex] \poptabs - tentative \> 2004\' = \$1\=00\,000.00 for deficiency \= 2003 \+\\ - 2005\' = \$\>50\,000.00 \> 2004 \\ - + \$100\,000.00 \>\>excess for\'2003 in 2004\-\-\\[0.5ex] - Commitments \>\>2003\'= \$100\,000.00\+\+\\ - 2004\'= \$150\,000.00\` signed: H. Andr\a'e -\end{tabbing} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 873e50fd087..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{tabular}{|r|l||rrr|r@{:}l|r@{:}l||c|}\hline - \multicolumn{10}{|c|}{\rule[-3mm]{0mm}{8mm}\bfseries 1st Regional Soccer - League --- Final Results 2002/03} \\ \hline - &\itshape Club &\itshape W &\itshape T &\itshape L - & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\itshape Goals} - & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\itshape Points} - & \itshape Remarks \\ \hline\hline - 1 & Amesville Rockets & 19 & 13 & 1 & 66&31 & 51&15 & League Champs \\ \hline - 2 & Borden Comets & 18 & 9 & 6 & 65&37 & 45&21 & Trophy Winners\\ \hline - 3 & Clarkson Chargers & 17 & 7 & 9 & 70&44 & 41&25 & Candidates\\ \cline{1-9} - 4 & Daysdon Bombers & 14 & 10 & 9 & 66&50 & 38&28 & for \\ \cline{1-9} - 5 & Edgartowns Devils & 16 & 6 & 11 & 63&53 & 38&28 & National \\ \cline{1-9} - 6 & Freeburg Fighters & 15 & 7 & 11 & 64&47 & 37&29 & League \\ \hline - 7 & Gadsby Tigers & 15 & 7 & 11 & 52&37 & 35&31 & \\ \cline{1-9} - 8 & Harrisville Hotshots& 12&11 & 10 & 62&58 & 35&31 & \\ \cline{1-9} - 9 & Idlleton Shovers & 14 & 9 & 11 & 49&51 & 35&31 & \\ \cline{1-9} -10 & Jamestown Horntets& 11 & 11 & 11 & 48&47 & 33&33 & \\ \cline{1-9} -11 & Kingston Cowboys & 13 & 5 & 14 & 54&45 & 32&34&Medium Teams\\ \cline{1-9} -12 & Lonsdale Stompers & 12 & 8 & 13 & 50&57 & 32&34 & \\ \cline{1-9} -13 & Marsdon Heroes & 9 & 12 & 11 & 50&42 & 31&35 & \\ \cline{1-9} -14 & Norburg Flames & 10 & 8 & 15 & 60&68 & 28&38 & \\ \cline{1-9} -15 & Ollison Champions & 8 & 9 & 16 & 42&49 & 25&41 & \\ \hline -16 & Petersville Lancers& 6 & 8 & 19 & 31&77 & 20&46 & Disbanding\\ \hline -17 & Quincy Giants & 7 & 5 & 21 & 40&89 & 19&47 & \\ \cline{1-9} -19 & Ralstone Regulars & 3 & 11 & 19 & 37&74 & 17&49 & - \raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{Denoted} \\ \hline -\end{tabular} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index a22ed5afa0c..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\newcommand{\rb}[1]{\raisebox{1.5ex}[0mm]{#1}} -\begin{center}\small -\begin{tabular}{|l||c|l|c|l|c|l|} -\hline -& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{6.15--7.15 pm} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{7.20--8.20 pm} -& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{8.30--9.30 pm} \\ \cline{2-7} -&& Teacher && Teacher && Teacher \\ \cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} -\rb{Day} & \rb{Subj.} & Room & \rb{Subj.} & Room & \rb{Subj.} & Room\\ - \hline\hline -&& Dr.~Smith && Ms.~Clark && Mr.~Mills\\ -\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} -\rb{Mon.} & \rb{UNIX} & Comp. Ctr & \rb{Fortran} & Hall A - & \rb{Math.} & Hall A \\ \hline -&& Miss Baker && Ms.~Clark && Mr.~Mill\\ -\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} -\rb{Tues.} & \rb{\LaTeX} & Conf.~Room & \rb{Fortran} & Conf~Room - & \rb{Math.} & Hall A \\ \hline -&& Dr.~Smith && Dr.~Jones && Dr.~Jones \\ -\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5}\cline{7-7} -\rb{Wed.} & \rb{UNIX} & Comp. Ctr & \rb{C} & Hall A - & \rb{ComSci.} & Hall A \\ \hline -&& Miss Baker && Ms. Clark & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} \\ -\cline{3-3}\cline{5-5} -\rb{Fri.} & \rb{\LaTeX} & Conf.~Room & \rb{C++} & Conf.~Room -& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\rb{canceled}}\\ \hline -\end{tabular}\end{center} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-4.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-4.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 3ee319cc23c..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-4.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{center}\small -\begin{tabular}{@{}p{35mm}p{60mm}l@{}} -Course and Date & Brief Description & Prerequisites\\ -\hline -Introduction to LSEDIT\newline -14.3. -- 16.3. & - Logging on --- Explanation to the VMS fils system --- Explanation and - intensive application of the VMS editor LSEDIT --- user modifications - & none \\ \hline -Introlduction to \LaTeX\newline -21.3. -- 25.3. & - Word processors and formatting programs --- text and commands --- - environments --- dokument and page styles --- displayed text --- - math equations --- simple user defined structures - & LSEDIT -\end{tabular}\end{center} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-5.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-5.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 28296855c47..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap6/exer6-5.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{130mm} -\begin{document} -\begin{table}{\bfseries Primary Energy Consumption}\\[1ex] -\begin{tabular*}{130mm}% - {@{}ll@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r@{\hspace{1em}}@{\extracolsep{1em}}rr@{}} -% {@{}ll@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r@{\extracolsep{1em}}rr@{}} -% Try this column definition as alternative solution -\hline -\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{Energy Source} & 1975 & 1980 & 1986\\ \hline -\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{Total Consumption}&&& \\ -\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{(in million tons of BCU)\footnote{BCU = - Bituminous Coal Unit (1 ton BCU corresponds to the heating - equivalent of 1 ton of bituminous coal = 8140 kwh)}} - & 347.7 & 390.2 & 385.0 \\ -of which & (percentages)\\ -& petroleum & 52.1 & 47.6 & 43.2 \\ -& bituminous coal & 19.1 & 19.8 & 20.0 \\ -& brown coal & 9.9 & 10.0 & 8.6 \\ -& natural gas & 14.2 & 16.5 & 15.1 \\ -& nuclear Energy & 2.0 & 3.7 & 10.1 \\ -& other\footnote{Wind, water, solar energy, and so forth} - & 2.7 & 2.3 & 3.0 -\end{tabular*} - -\emph{Source:} Energy Balance Study Group, Essen 1987. -\end{table} - -\noindent \textbf{Answers to the questions from exercise 4.15}: - -\begin{enumerate} -\item With \verb=@{}= at the beginning and end of the formatting - definition the additional space of half of the column gap size - in front and behind the table which occures by default, will - be suppressed. -\item With \verb=@{\extracolsep{\hfill}}= at the beginning of the formatting - definition additional space of equal width would be inserted - between all following columns so that the total tabular with - becomes exatly the ordered width of 118 mm. Try this modification - as special exersice. -\item \verb=@{\extracolsep{\hfill}}= is to put behind the - second column parameter and its countermanding - \verb=@{\hspace{1em}}@\extracolsep{1em}}= is to put behind the - third column parameter. With \verb=@{\extracolsep{1em}}= as - countermanding expression the gap between the third and fourth - column would be smaller than those for the following column. - Try this as alternative exercise. -\end{enumerate} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index fa73e5bbde9..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -The derivative of the indirect function f[g(x)] is -$\{f[g(x)]\}' = f'[g(x)]g'(x)$. For the second derivative of the product -of $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ one has -$[f(x)g(x)]'' = f''(x)g(x) + 2f'(x)g'(x) + f(x)g''(x)$. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-10.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-10.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 795eeb3c304..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-10.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -$\alpha\vec{x} = \vec{x}\alpha$,\hfill$\alpha\beta\vec{x} -= \beta\alpha\vec{x}$,\hfill$(\alpha + \beta)\vec{x} = \alpha\vec{x} + -\beta\vec{x}$,\hfill $\alpha(\vec{x} + \vec{y}) -= \alpha\vec{x} + \alpha\vec{y}$.\\ -\hspace*{1.5em}$\vec{x}\vec{y} = \vec{y}\vec{x}$\hfill -but\hfill$\vec{x}\times\vec{y} = --\vec{y}\times\vec{x}$,\hfill\hfill$\vec{x}\vec{y} = 0$\hfill for\hfill% -$\vec{x}\perp\vec{y}$,\hfill\hfill$\vec{x}\times\vec{y} = 0$,\hfill -for\hfill$\vec{x}\parallel\vec{y}$. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-11.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-11.tex deleted file mode 100644 index afefe1e54a5..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-11.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\begin{equation} -\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sqrt{1+x} - 1}{x} = -\lim_{x\to0}\frac{(\sqrt{1+x} - 1)(\sqrt{1+x} + 1)}{x(\sqrt{1+x} + 1)} = -\lim_{x\to0}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x} + 1} = \frac{1}{2} -\end{equation} -\begin{equation} -\frac{\partial^2 U}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 U}{\partial y^2} = 0\quad -\Longrightarrow\quad -U_M = \frac{1}{4\pi}\oint\limits_\Sigma\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial U}{\partial n} -\,ds - \frac{1}{4\pi}\oint\limits_\Sigma\frac{\partial\frac{1}{r}}{\partial n} -U\,ds -\end{equation} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-12.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-12.tex deleted file mode 100644 index c8878796389..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-12.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{135mm} -\begin{document} -\setcounter{equation}{2} -\begin{equation} -S(z) = -\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2} z^2\right) \sum_{n=0}^\infty - \frac{(-1)^n\pi^{2n+1}}{1\cdot3\cdots(4n+3)} z^{4n+3} - +\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2} z^2\right) \sum_{n=0}^\infty - \frac{(-1)^n\pi^{2n}}{1\cdot3\cdots(4n+1)} z^{4n+1} -\end{equation} -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-13.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-13.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 20d18995199..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-13.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\noindent\textbf{First solution example}:\\[1ex] -The solution for the system equation -\[ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} - F(x,y) = 0\quad\mbox{and}\quad - \left|\begin{array}{ccc} - F''_{xx} & F''_{xy} & F'_x\\ - F''_{yx} & F''_{yy} & F'_y\\ - F'_x & F'_y & 0 - \end{array}\right| = 0 -\] -yields the coordinates for the possible inflection points of $F(x,y) = 0$. - -\bigskip -\noindent\textbf{Second solution example}:\\[1ex] -The solution for the system equation -\[ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} - F(x,y) = 0\quad\mbox{and}\quad\begin{array}{|ccc|} - F''_{xx} & F''_{xy} & F'_x\\ - F''_{yx} & F''_{yy} & F'_y\\ - F'_x & F'_y & 0 - \end{array} = 0 -\] -yields the coordinates for the possible inflection points of $F(x,y) = 0$. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-14.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-14.tex deleted file mode 100644 index f4154ad0179..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-14.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\noindent\textbf{First solution example}:\\[1ex] -The shortest distance between two straight lines represented by the equations -\[ \frac{x-x_1}{l_1} = \frac{y-y_1}{m_1} = \frac{z-z_1}{n_1}\quad\mbox{und}% -\quad% - \frac{x-x_2}{l_2} = \frac{y-y_2}{m_2} = \frac{z-z_2}{n_2} \] -is given by the expression -\[ \frac{\pm\;\begin{array}{|ccc|} - x_1 - x_2 & y_1 - y_2 & z_1 - z_2 \\ - l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ - l_2 & m_2 & n_2 - \end{array}}{ - \sqrt{\left|\begin{array}{cc} l_1 & m_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 \end{array}\right|^2 - + \left|\begin{array}{cc} m_1 & n_1 \\ m_2 & n_2 \end{array}\right|^2 - + \left|\begin{array}{cc} n_1 & l_1 \\ n_2 & l_2 \end{array}\right|^2} - } \] -If the numerator is zero, the two lines meet somewhere. - -\bigskip -\noindent\textbf{Second solution example}:\\[1ex] -The shortest distance between two straight lines represented by the equations -\[ \frac{x-x_1}{l_1} = \frac{y-y_1}{m_1} = \frac{z-z_1}{n_1}\quad\mbox{und}% -\quad% - \frac{x-x_2}{l_2} = \frac{y-y_2}{m_2} = \frac{z-z_2}{n_2} \] -is given by the expression -\[ \frac{\pm\;\begin{array}{|ccc|} - x_1 - x_2 & y_1 - y_2 & z_1 - z_2 \\ - l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ - l_2 & m_2 & n_2 - \end{array}}{ - \sqrt{\begin{array}{|cc|} l_1 & m_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 \end{array}^2 - + \begin{array}{|cc|} m_1 & n_1 \\ m_2 & n_2 \end{array}^2 - + \begin{array}{|cc|} n_1 & l_1 \\ n_2 & l_2 \end{array}^2} - } \] -If the numerator is zero, the two lines meet somewhere. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-15.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-15.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 6383f732bab..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-15.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\noindent -Laurent expansion using $c_n = \frac{1}{2\pi i} -\oint (\zeta-a)^{-n-1}f(\zeta)\,d\zeta$, for every function $f(z)$ the -following representation is valid ($n=0$, $\pm1$, $\pm2$, \ldots) -\[ f(x) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty} c_n(z-a)^n - = \left\{\begin{array}{r} - c_0 + c_1(z-a) + c_2(z-a)^2 +\cdots+ c_n(z-a)^n+\cdots\\ - \mbox{}+c_{-1}(z-a)^{-1} + c_{-2}(z-a)^{-2}+\cdots\\ - \mbox{}+c_{-n}(z-a)^{-n}+\cdots \end{array}\right. \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-16.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-16.tex deleted file mode 100644 index e603633e6a6..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-16.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\noindent -The total number of permutations of $n$ elements taken $m$ at a time -(symbol $V_n^m$) is -\vspace{-0.5ex} -\[ V_n^m = \prod_{i=0}^{m-1}(n-i) = - \underbrace{n(n-1)(n-2)\ldots(n-m+1)}_{\mbox{total of $m$ factors}} = - \frac{n!}{(n-m)!} \] -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-17.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-17.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 7743bee0f28..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-17.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\setcounter{equation}{5} -\begin{eqnarray} -\arcsin x & = & -\arcsin(-x) = \frac{\pi}{2} - \arccos x = - \left[\arccos\sqrt{1-x^2}\,\right]\nonumber\\ - & = & \arctan\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} = - \left[\mbox{\rm arccot}\frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{x}\right] -\end{eqnarray} -\begin{eqnarray} -\lefteqn{f(x+h,y+k) = f(x,y) + \left\{\frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}h + - \frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial y}k\right\}}\nonumber\\ - &&\mbox{} + \frac{1}{2}\left\{\frac{\partial^2f(x,y)}{\partial x^2}h^2 - + 2\frac{\partial^2f(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y}kh - + \frac{\partial^2f(x,y)}{\partial y^2}k^2\right\}\\ - &&\mbox{} + \frac{1}{6}\{\cdots\} + \cdots + \frac{1}{n!}\{\cdots\} + R_n - \nonumber -\end{eqnarray} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-18.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-18.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 7abf3d9221d..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-18.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\noindent -The inverse function of the polynomial expansion ~~$y = f(x) = ax+bx^2+cx^3 -+dx^4 + ex^5 + fx^6+\cdots$ $(a\ne0)$ begins with the elements -\setlength{\arraycolsep}{2pt} -\begin{eqnarray*} -x = \varphi(y) = \frac{1}{a}y &-& \frac{b}{a^3}y^2 + \frac{1}{a^5}(2b^2-ac)y^3\\ - &+&\frac{1}{a^7}(5abc - z^2d -fb^3)y^4\\ - &+&\frac{1}{a^9}(6a^2bd + 3a^2c^2+14b^4 - a^3e - 21ab^2c)y^5\\ - &+&\frac{1}{a^{11}}(7a^3be + 7a^3cd + 84ab^3c - a^4f -\\ - &&28a^2b^2d -28 a^2bc^2 - 43b^5)y^6 + \cdots -\end{eqnarray*} -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-19.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-19.tex deleted file mode 100644 index fb9c620f598..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-19.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[12pt]{article} -\newcommand{\D}{\displaystyle} -\begin{document} -\[ a_0 + \frac{1\hfill}{\D a_1 - + \frac{1\hfill}{\D a_2 - + \frac{1\hfill}{\D a_3 - + \frac{1\hfill}{a_4}}}} \] -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 56b238f25b8..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -The reduced cubic equation $y^3 + 3py +2q = 0$ has one real and two complex -solutions when $D = q^2 + p^3 > 0$. These are given by Cardan's formula as -\[ y_1 = u + v,\quad y_2 = -\frac{u+v}{2} + \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u - v),\quad - y_3 = -\frac{u+v}{2} - \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \] -where -\[ u = \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2+p^3}},\qquad v = \sqrt[3]{-q - \sqrt{q^2+p^3}} \] -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-20.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-20.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 515b958a9b0..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-20.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -%\setlength{\textwidth}{140mm} -\begin{document} -\[ \begin{array}{@{}r@{\;=\;}l@{\qquad}r@{\;=\;}l@{}} - \sin2\alpha & 2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha, & - \cos2\alpha & \cos^2\alpha - \sin^2\alpha\\ - \sin3\alpha & 3\sin\alpha-4\sin^3\alpha & - \cos3\alpha & 3\cos^3\alpha - 3\cos\alpha\\ - \sin4\alpha & 8\cos^3\alpha\sin\alpha - 4\cos\alpha\sin\alpha & - \cos4\alpha & 8\cos^4\alpha - 8\cos^2\alpha + 1 - \end{array} \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21a.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21a.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 91e95077b77..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21a.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\newcommand{\D}{\displaystyle} -\newcommand{\bm}{\boldmath} -\[ \begin{array}{@{}|c|c|c|@{}}\hline -\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\rule[-0.125cm]{0mm}{0.5cm}% -\mbox{Equations for the tangential plane and surface normal}}\\ -\hline -\mbox{Equation}&&\\ -\mbox{for the} & \mbox{Tangential plane} & \mbox{Surface normal}\\ -\mbox{surface} & & \\ \hline -\rule{0mm}{0.583cm}F(x,y,z)=0 - & \begin{array}[t]{r@{\:+\:}l} - \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}(X-x) - & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}(Y-y) \\[2ex] - & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}(Z-z) = 0 - \end{array} - & \D\frac{X-x}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}} = - \frac{Y-y}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}} = - \frac{Z-z}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}\\ -\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1cm}z=f(x,y) - & Z-z = p(X-x) + q(Y-y) - & \D\frac{X-x}{p} = \frac{Y-y}{q} = \frac{Z-z}{-1}\\ -\begin{array}{c} x=x(u,v)\\y=y(u,v)\\z=z(u,v) \end{array} - & \begin{array}{|ccc|} - X-x & Y-y & Z-z\\[0.5ex] - \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & - \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & - \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial u} \\[2.0ex] - \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} & - \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} & - \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} - \end{array} = 0 - & \begin{array}{c@{=}c} - \D\frac{X-x}{\left|\begin{array}{c} - \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\; - \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] - \frac{\partial y}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} - \end{array}\right|} & - \D \frac{Y-y}{\left|\begin{array}{c} - \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\; - \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] - \frac{\partial z}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} - \end{array}\right|} \\ - & \rule{0mm}{4ex} - \D \frac{Z-z}{\left|\begin{array}{c} - \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\; - \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] - \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} - \end{array}\right|} - \end{array} \\ -\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1.17cm}\mbox{\boldmath$r=r$}(u,v) - & \begin{array}{r} - \mbox{\boldmath$(R-r)(r_1\times r_2) = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$}\\ - \mbox{or\qquad\boldmath$(R-r)N = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$} - \end{array} - & \begin{array}{r@{\;=\;}l} - \mbox{\boldmath$R$} & \mbox{\boldmath$r + - \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}(r_1\times r_2$)}\\ - \mbox{or\quad\boldmath$R$} & - \mbox{\boldmath$r + \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}N$} - \end{array}\\ \hline -\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\parbox{11.3cm}{\vspace*{0.5ex}In this table - $x,\,y,\,z$ and - \mbox{\boldmath$r$} are the coordinates and the radius vector of a fixed - point $M$ on the curve; $X,\,Y,\,Z$, and \mbox{\boldmath$R$} are the - coordinates and radius vector of a point on the tangential plane or surface - normal with reference to $M$; furthermore, - $p = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$, $q = \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$ - and $\mbox{\boldmath$r_1$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial u$, - $\mbox{\boldmath$r_2$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial v$.}} -\\[0.8ex] \hline -\end{array} \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21b.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21b.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 42a54e46336..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-21b.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -%======================================================================== -% With an slightly increased \textwidth a better presentation for the -% whole math. table can be made together with an even simpler solution. -%======================================================================== -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{135mm} -\begin{document} -\newcommand{\D}{\displaystyle} -\newcommand{\bm}{\boldmath} -\[ \begin{array}{@{}|c|c|c|@{}}\hline -\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\rule[-0.125cm]{0mm}{0.5cm}% -\mbox{Equations for the tangential plane and surface normal}}\\ -\hline -\mbox{Equation}&&\\ -\mbox{for the} & \mbox{Tangential plane} & \mbox{Surface normal}\\ -\mbox{surface} & & \\ \hline -\rule{0mm}{0.583cm}F(x,y,z)=0 - & \begin{array}[t]{r@{\:+\:}l} - \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}(X-x) - & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}(Y-y) \\[2ex] - & \D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}(Z-z) = 0 - \end{array} - & \D\frac{X-x}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}} = - \frac{Y-y}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}} = - \frac{Z-z}{\D\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}\\ -\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1cm}z=f(x,y) - & Z-z = p(X-x) + q(Y-y) - & \D\frac{X-x}{p} = \frac{Y-y}{q} = \frac{Z-z}{-1}\\ -\begin{array}{c} x=x(u,v)\\y=y(u,v)\\z=z(u,v) \end{array} - & \begin{array}{|ccc|} - X-x & Y-y & Z-z\\[0.5ex] - \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & - \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & - \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial u} \\[2.0ex] - \D\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} & - \D\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} & - \D\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} - \end{array} = 0 - & \D\frac{X-x}{\left|\begin{array}{c} - \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\; - \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] - \frac{\partial y}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} - \end{array}\right|} - \D \frac{Y-y}{\left|\begin{array}{c} - \frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\; - \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] - \frac{\partial z}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial x}{\partial v} - \end{array}\right|} - \D \frac{Z-z}{\left|\begin{array}{c} - \frac{\partial x}{\partial u}\; - \frac{\partial y}{\partial u}\\[0.8ex] - \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\;\frac{\partial y}{\partial v} - \end{array}\right|} \\ -\rule[-0.42cm]{0mm}{1.17cm}\mbox{\boldmath$r=r$}(u,v) - & \begin{array}{r} - \mbox{\boldmath$(R-r)(r_1\times r_2) = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$}\\ - \mbox{or\qquad\boldmath$(R-r)N = \mbox{\unboldmath$0$}$} - \end{array} - & \begin{array}{r@{\;=\;}l} - \mbox{\boldmath$R$} & \mbox{\boldmath$r + - \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}(r_1\times r_2$)}\\ - \mbox{or\quad\boldmath$R$} & - \mbox{\boldmath$r + \mbox{\unboldmath$\lambda$}N$} - \end{array}\\ \hline -\multicolumn{3}{@{}|c|@{}}{\parbox{12.5cm}{\vspace*{0.5ex}In this table - $x,\,y,\,z$ and - \mbox{\boldmath$r$} are the coordinates and the radius vector of a fixed - point $M$ on the curve; $X,\,Y,\,Z$, and \mbox{\boldmath$R$} are the - coordinates and radius vector of a point on the tangential plane or surface - normal with reference to $M$; furthermore, - $p = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$, $q = \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$ - and $\mbox{\boldmath$r_1$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial u$, - $\mbox{\boldmath$r_2$} = \partial\mbox{\boldmath$r$}/\partial v$.}} -\\[0.8ex] \hline -\end{array} \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 4b15e9b0566..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[fleqn]{article} -\begin{document} -\setlength{\mathindent}{2cm} -The reduced cubic equation $y^3 + 3py +2q = 0$ has one real and two complex -solutions when $D = q^2 + p^3 > 0$. These are given by Cardan's formula as -\begin{equation} y_1 = u + v \end{equation} -\begin{equation} y_2 = -\frac{u+v}{2} + \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} -\begin{equation} y_3 = -\frac{u+v}{2} - \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} -where -\[ u = \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2+p^3}},\qquad v = \sqrt[3]{-q - \sqrt{q^2+p^3}} \] -\end{document} - - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-4.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-4.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 47e66f15dd1..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-4.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage{german} -\begin{document} -Each of the measurements $x_1 < x_2 < \cdots < x_r$ occures -$p_1$-, $p_2$-$,\ldots,p_r$ times. The mean value and standard deviation -are then -\[ x = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^r p_i x_i,\qquad s= \sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^r - p_i(x_i - x)^2} \] -where $ n = p_1 + p_2 +\cdots+p_r $. -\end{document} - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-5.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-5.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 1a2fc238383..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-5.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -Although this equation looks very complicated, it should not present -any great difficulties: -\[ \int\frac{\sqrt{(ax+b)^3}}{x}\,dx = \frac{2\sqrt{(ax+b)^3}}{3} - + 2b\sqrt{ax+b} + b^2\int\frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}} \] -The same applies to $\int^8_{-1}(dx/\sqrt[3]{x}) = \frac{3}{2}(8^{2/3} + - 1^{2/3}) = 15/2$ -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-6.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-6.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 2d353a59383..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-6.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -The union of two sets $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ is the set of elements -that are in at least one of the two sets, and is designated as -$\mathcal{A\cup B}$. This operation is commutative -$\mathcal{A\cup B = B\cup A}$ and associative $\mathcal{(A\cup B)\cup C = -A\cup(B\cup C)}$. If $\mathcal{A\subseteq B}$, then -$\mathcal{A\cup B = B}$. It then follows that $\mathcal{A\cup A = A}$, -$\mathcal{A\cup\{\emptyset\} = A}$ and $\mathcal{J\cup A = J}$. - -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-7.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-7.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 8ee134a9963..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-7.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -\noindent -Applying l'Hopital's rule, one has -\[ \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\ln\sin\pi x}{\ln\sin x} - = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\pi\frac{\cos\pi x}{\sin\pi x}}{\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}} - = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\pi\tan x}{\tan\pi x} - = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\pi/\cos^2 x}{\pi/\cos^2 \pi x} - = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{\cos^2\pi x}{\cos^2 x} = 1 \] -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-8.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-8.tex deleted file mode 100644 index b163e13ded6..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-8.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\setlength{\textwidth}{135mm} -\begin{document} -\noindent -The gamma function $\Gamma(x)$ is defined as -\[ \Gamma(x)\equiv\lim_{n\to\infty}\prod_{\nu=0}^{n-1}\frac{n!n^{x-1}}{x+\nu} - = \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n!n^{x-1}}{x(x+1)(x+2)\cdots(x+n-1)} - \equiv\int_0^\infty e^{-t}t^{x-1}\,dt \] -The integral definition is valid only for $x>0$ (2nd Euler integral). -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-9.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-9.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 3a104cd3ba0..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap7/exer7-9.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\begin{document} -The reduced cubic equation $y^3 + 3py +2q = 0$ has one real and two complex -solutions when $D = q^2 + p^3 > 0$. These are given by Cardan's formula as -\begin{equation} y_1 = u + v \end{equation} -\begin{equation} y_2 = -\frac{u+v}{2} + \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} -\begin{equation} y_3 = -\frac{u+v}{2} - \frac{i}{2}\sqrt{3}(u-v) \end{equation} -where -\[ u = \sqrt[3]{-q + \sqrt{q^2+p^3}},\qquad v = \sqrt[3]{-q - \sqrt{q^2+p^3}} \] -\end{document} - - diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-1.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 218de1ba564..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage[dvips]{graphics} -\begin{document} -This is some sample text together with an include graphic given as an -\texttt{.eps}-File. The beginning text stands above the graphic that -follows now - -\includegraphics{demo} - -Below the graphic some additional follows as shown here. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-2.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-2.tex deleted file mode 100644 index cf45720ae5e..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-2.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} -\begin{document} -This is some sample text together with an include graphic given as an -\texttt{.eps}-File. The beginning text stands above the graphic that -follows now - -\includegraphics[scale=2.0, angle=45, origin=c]{demo} - -Below the graphic some additional follows as shown here. -\end{document} diff --git a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-3.tex b/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-3.tex deleted file mode 100644 index ca2655f5691..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/guide-to-latex/exercises/chap8/exer8-3.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} -\usepackage[dvipsnames]{color} -\usepackage{multicol} -\pagestyle{empty} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0pt} -\setlength{\textwidth}{16cm} -\setlength{\textheight}{22cm} -\setlength{\parindent}{0pt} -\setlength{\parskip}{0pt} - -\begin{document} -\renewcommand*{\DefineNamedColor}[4]{% - \textcolor[named]{#2}{\rule{7mm}{7mm}}\quad - \texttt{#2}\strut\\} - -\begin{center}\Large Named colors in \texttt{dvipsnam.def} -\end{center} -\begin{multicols}{3} -\input{dvipsnam.def} -\end{multicols} -\end{document} |