afparticle (26aug14)

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@35046 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
author: Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> 2014-08-26 17:34:04 +0000
committer: Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> 2014-08-26 17:34:04 +0000
commit: c2e885c397eeb506ca60c0876acefe8998a75aa9 (patch)
tree: 82d4c9ac4e09e68ceed87033dd07251d365542e5 /Master/texmf-dist
parent: 6c4cd2ab2f8d1ebe3a051d700c3005d73eefe04c (diff)
10 files changed, 2777 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/Makefile
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+#
+# Makefile for resphilosophica package
+#
+# This file is in public domain
+#
+# $Id: Makefile,v 1.2 2014-08-12 19:44:36 boris Exp $
+#
+
+PACKAGE=afparticle
+
+SAMPLES = afpsample.tex 
+
+PDF = $(PACKAGE).pdf ${SAMPLES:%.tex=%.pdf}
+
+all:  ${PDF} 
+
+
+%.pdf:  %.dtx   $(PACKAGE).cls
+	pdflatex $<
+	- bibtex $*
+	pdflatex $<
+	- makeindex -s gind.ist -o $*.ind $*.idx
+	- makeindex -s gglo.ist -o $*.gls $*.glo
+	pdflatex $<
+	while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $*.log) \
+	do pdflatex $<; done
+
+
+%.cls:   %.ins %.dtx  
+	pdflatex $<
+
+%.pdf:  %.tex   $(PACKAGE).cls 
+	pdflatex $<
+	- bibtex $*
+	pdflatex $<
+	pdflatex $<
+	while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $*.log) \
+	do pdflatex $<; done
+
+
+.PRECIOUS:  $(PACKAGE).cfg $(PACKAGE).cls
+
+
+clean:
+	$(RM)  *.log *.aux *.spl \
+	*.cfg *.glo *.idx *.toc \
+	*.ilg *.ind *.out *.lof \
+	*.lot *.bbl *.blg *.gls \
+	*.dvi *.ps *.hd *.rpi *.notes
+
+distclean: clean
+	$(RM) $(PDF) $(PACKAGE).cls 
+
+#
+# Archive for the distribution. Includes typeset documentation
+#
+archive:  all clean
+	cd ..; \
+	tar -czvf $(PACKAGE).tgz --exclude '*~' --exclude '*.tgz' --exclude CVS  $(PACKAGE); \
+	cd $(PACKAGE)
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/README
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+       Typesetting Articles for Archives of Forensic Psychology
+
+This package provides a class for typesetting articles for the open
+access journal Archives of Forensic Psychology,
+http://www.archivesofforensicpsychology.com.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afparticle.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afparticle.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc73459da6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afparticle.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.bib
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+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,1213 @@
+@Article{Haidt07,
+  author = 	 {Jonathan Haidt},
+  title = 	 {The New Synthesis in Moral Psychology},
+  journal = 	 {Science},
+  year = 	 2007,
+  volume =	 316,
+  pages =	 {998--1002},
+  annote =	 {People are selfish, yet morally motivated. Morality is
+universal, yet culturally variable. Such apparent contradictions are
+dissolving as research from many disciplines converges on a few shared
+principles, including the importance of moral intuitions, the socially
+functional (rather than truth-seeking) nature of moral thinking, and
+the coevolution of moral minds with cultural practices and
+institutions that create diverse moral communities. I propose a fourth
+principle to guide future research: Morality is about more than harm
+and fairness. More research is needed on the collective and religious
+parts of the moral domain, such as loyalty, authority, and spiritual
+purity.}
+}
+
+@article{DeMarzo05, 
+  type={Working Paper Series},
+  title={{Relative Wealth Concerns and Technology Bubbles}},
+  author={Demarzo, Peter  M. and Kaniel, Ron  and Kremer, Ilan  },
+  journal={SSRN eLibrary},
+  year=2005,
+  publisher={SSRN},
+  keywords={Bubble, technology, relative wealth, Joneses, herding, over-investment},
+  location={http://ssrn.com/paper=668137},
+  note={\url{http://ssrn.com/paper=668137}},
+  language={English}
+} 
+
+
+@article{Arrow63,
+     jstor_articletype = {primary_article},
+     title = {Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care},
+     author = {Arrow, Kenneth J.},
+     journal = {The American Economic Review},
+     jstor_issuetitle = {},
+     volume = {53},
+     number = {5},
+     jstor_formatteddate = {Dec., 1963},
+     pages = {941--973},
+     url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1812044},
+     ISSN = {00028282},
+     abstract = {},
+     language = {},
+     year = {1963},
+     publisher = {American Economic Association},    
+     copyright = {Copyright � 1963 American Economic Association},
+    }
+
+@Article{CluttonBrock09:Cooperation,
+  author = 	 {Tim Clutton-Brock},
+  title = 	 {Cooperation Between Non-Kin in Animal Societies},
+  journal = 	 {Nature},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 462,
+  pages =	 {51--57},
+  annote =	 {Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal
+  societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or
+  services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do
+  cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human
+  animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of
+  simpler mechanisms? Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies
+  is rare and many examples of cooperation between non-kin probably
+  represent cases of intra-specific mutualism or manipulation.}
+}
+
+ 
+
+@article{Henrich10:MarketsReligionFairness,
+author = {Henrich, Joseph and Ensminger, Jean and 
+          McElreath, Richard and Barr, Abigail and 
+          Barrett, Clark and Bolyanatz, Alexander and 
+          Cardenas, Juan Camilo and Gurven, Michael and 
+          Gwako, Edwins and Henrich, Natalie and 
+          Lesorogol, Carolyn and Marlowe, Frank and 
+          Tracer, David and Ziker, John},
+title = {Markets, Religion, Community Size, 
+         and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment},
+journal = {Science},
+volume = {327},
+number = {5972},
+pages = {1480--1484},
+doi = {10.1126/science.1182238},
+year = {2010},
+abstract = {Large-scale societies in which strangers regularly engage
+in mutually beneficial transactions are puzzling. The evolutionary
+mechanisms associated with kinship and reciprocity, which underpin
+much of primate sociality, do not readily extend to large unrelated
+groups. Theory suggests that the evolution of such societies may have
+required norms and institutions that sustain fairness in ephemeral
+exchanges. If that is true, then engagement in larger-scale
+institutions, such as markets and world religions, should be
+associated with greater fairness, and larger communities should punish
+unfairness more. Using three behavioral experiments administered
+across 15 diverse populations, we show that market integration
+(measured as the percentage of purchased calories) positively covaries
+with fairness while community size positively covaries with
+punishment. Participation in a world religion is associated with
+fairness, although not across all measures. These results suggest that
+modern prosociality is not solely the product of an innate psychology,
+but also reflects norms and institutions that have emerged over the
+course of human history.},
+eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/327/5972/1480.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{Hoff10,
+author = {Hoff, Karla},
+title = {Fairness in Modern Society},
+journal = {Science},
+volume = {327},
+number = {5972},
+pages = {1467--1468},
+doi = {10.1126/science.1188537},
+year = {2010},
+eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/327/5972/1467.pdf}
+}
+
+
+@article{Woolley10012010,
+author = {Woolley, Anita Williams and Chabris, Christopher F. 
+          and Pentland, Alexander and Hashmi, Nada and Malone, Thomas W.},
+title = {Evidence for a Collective Intelligence Factor in the 
+         Performance of Human Groups},
+journal = {Science},
+pages = {science.1193147},
+doi = {10.1126/science.1193147},
+year = {2010},
+abstract = {Psychologists have repeatedly shown that a single
+statistical factor--often called "general intelligence"--emerges from
+the correlations among people's performance on a wide variety of
+cognitive tasks. But no one has systematically examined whether a
+similar kind of "collective intelligence" exists for groups of
+people. In two studies with 699 individuals, working in groups of two
+to five, we find converging evidence of a general collective
+intelligence factor that explains a group's performance on a wide
+variety of tasks. This "c factor" is not strongly correlated with the
+average or maximum individual intelligence of group members but is
+correlated with the average social sensitivity of group members, the
+equality in distribution of conversational turn-taking, and the
+proportion of females in the group.},
+}
+
+
+@article{Stapel08042011,
+  author = {Stapel, Diederik A. and Lindenberg, Siegwart}, 
+  title = {Coping with Chaos: How Disordered Contexts Promote 
+           Stereotyping and Discrimination}, 
+  volume = 332, 
+  number = 6026, 
+  pages = {251--253}, 
+  year = 2011, 
+  doi = {10.1126/science.1201068}, 
+  abstract ={Being the victim of discrimination can have serious
+  negative health- and quality-of-life–related
+  consequences. Yet, could being discriminated against depend on such
+  seemingly trivial matters as garbage on the streets? In this study,
+  we show, in two field experiments, that disordered contexts (such as
+  litter or a broken-up sidewalk and an abandoned bicycle) indeed
+  promote stereotyping and discrimination in real-world situations
+  and, in three lab experiments, that it is a heightened need for
+  structure that mediates these effects (number of subjects: between
+  40 and 70 per experiment). These findings considerably advance our
+  knowledge of the impact of the physical environment on stereotyping
+  and discrimination and have clear policy implications: Diagnose
+  environmental disorder early and intervene immediately.},
+  eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6026/251.full.pdf}, 
+  journal = {Science} 
+}
+
+@article{Freeman01:Libertarians,
+     title = {Illiberal Libertarians: 
+            Why Libertarianism Is Not a Liberal View},
+     author = {Freeman, Samuel},
+     journal = {Philosophy & Public Affairs},
+     volume = 30,
+     number = 2,
+     jstor_formatteddate = {Spring, 2001},
+     pages = {105--151},
+     url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3557960},
+     ISSN = 00483915,
+     language = {English},
+     year = 2001,
+     publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
+     copyright = {Copyright � 2001 Princeton University Press},
+}
+
+@Article{Zintzaras10,
+  author = 	 {Zintzaras, Elias and Santos, Mauro and
+                  Szathmary, Eors},
+  title = 	 {Selfishness Versus Functional Cooperation in a Stochastic 
+                  Protocell Model},
+  journal = 	 {Journal of Theoretical Biolology},
+  year = 	 2010,
+  volume =	 267,
+  pages =	 {605--613},
+  annote =	 {How to design an evolvable artificial system capable to
+   Increase in complexity? Although Darwin s theory of evolution by
+   natural selection obviously offers a firm foundation little hope of
+   success seems to be expected from the explanatory adequacy of
+   modern evolutionary theory which does a good job at explaining what
+   has already happened but remains practically helpless at predicting
+   what will occur However the study of the major transitions in
+   evolution clearly suggests that Increases in complexity have
+   occurred on those occasions when the conflicting interests between
+   competing individuals were partly subjugated This immediately
+   raises the issue about levels of selection in evolutionary biology
+   and the idea that multi-level selection scenarios are required for
+   complexity to emerge After analyzing the dynamical behaviour of
+   competing replicators within compartments we show here that a
+   proliferation of differentiated catalysts and/or improvement of
+   catalytic efficiency of ribozymes can potentially evolve in
+   properly designed artificial cells where the strong internal
+   competition between the different species of replicators is
+   somewhat prevented (i e by choosing them with equal probability)
+   Experimental evolution in these systems will likely stand as
+   beautiful examples of artificial adaptive systems and will provide
+   new insights to understand possible evolutionary paths to the
+   evolution of metabolic complexity (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights
+   reserved}
+}
+
+@Article{Boza10,
+  author = 	 {Boza, Gergely and Szamado, Szabolcs},
+  title = 	 {Beneficial Laggards: Multilevel Selection, 
+                  Cooperative Polymorphism and
+                  Division of Labour in {T}hreshold {P}ublic {G}ood {G}ames},
+  journal = 	 {BMC Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2010,
+  volume =	 10,
+  pages =	 {Article~336},
+  annote =	 {Background: The origin and stability of cooperation is
+   a hot topic in social and behavioural sciences. A complicated
+   conundrum exists as defectors have an advantage over cooperators,
+   whenever cooperation is costly so consequently, not cooperating
+   pays off. In addition, the discovery that humans and some animal
+   populations, such as lions, are polymorphic, where cooperators and
+   defectors stably live together - while defectors are not being
+   punished-, is even more puzzling. Here we offer a novel explanation
+   based on a Threshold Public Good Game (PGG) that includes the
+   interaction of individual and group level selection, where
+   individuals can contribute to multiple collective actions, in our
+   model group hunting and group defense.  Results: Our results show
+   that there are polymorphic equilibria in Threshold PGGs; that
+   multi-level selection does not select for the most cooperators per
+   group but selects those close to the optimum number of cooperators
+   (in terms of the Threshold PGG). In particular for medium cost
+   values division of labour evolves within the group with regard to
+   the two types of cooperative actions (hunting
+   vs. defense). Moreover we show evidence that spatial population
+   structure promotes cooperation in multiple PGGs. We also
+   demonstrate that these results apply for a wide range of non-linear
+   benefit function types.  Conclusions: We demonstrate that
+   cooperation can be stable in Threshold PGG, even when the
+   proportion of so called free riders is high in the population. A
+   fundamentally new mechanism is proposed how laggards, individuals
+   that have a high tendency to defect during one specific group
+   action can actually contribute to the fitness of the group, by
+   playing part in an optimal resource allocation in Threshold Public
+   Good Games. In general, our results show that acknowledging a
+   multilevel selection process will open up novel explanations for
+   collective actions.}
+}
+
+@Article{Rainey10,
+  author = 	 {Rainey, Paul B. and  Kerr, Benjamin},
+  title = 	 {Cheats as First Propagules: A New Hypothesis for the 
+                  Evolution of Individuality During the Transition from 
+                  Single Cells to Multicellularity},
+  journal = 	 {Bioessays},
+  year = 	 2010,
+  volume =	 32,
+  pages =	 {872--880},
+  annote =	 {The emergence of individuality during the evolutionary
+   transition from single cells to multicellularity poses a range of
+   problems. A key issue is how variation in lower-level individuals
+   generates a corporate (collective) entity with Darwinian
+   characteristics. Of central importance to this process is the
+   evolution of a means of collective reproduction, however, the
+   evolution of a means of collective reproduction is not a trivial
+   issue, requiring careful consideration of mechanistic
+   details. Calling upon observations from experiments, we draw
+   attention to proto-life cycles that emerge via unconventional
+   routes and that transition, in single steps, individuality to
+   higher levels. One such life cycle arises from conflicts among
+   levels of selection and invokes cheats as a primitive germ line: it
+   lays the foundation for collective reproduction, the basis of a
+   self-policing system, the selective environment for the emergence
+   of development, and hints at a plausible origin for a soma/germ
+   line distinction.}  }
+
+
+@Article{Pigliucci10,
+  author = 	 {Pigliucci, Massimo},
+  title = 	 {Okasha's Evolution and the Levels of Selection: 
+                  Toward a Broader
+                  Conception of Theoretical Biology},
+  journal = 	 {Biol. Philos.},
+  year = 	 2010,
+  volume =	 25,
+  pages =	 {405--415},
+  annote =	 {The debate about the levels of selection has been one
+   of the most controversial both in evolutionary biology and in
+   philosophy of science.  Okasha's book makes the sort of
+   contribution that simply will not be able to be ignored by anyone
+   interested in this field for many years to come. However, my
+   interest here is in highlighting some examples of how Okasha goes
+   about discussing his material to suggest that his book is part of
+   an increasingly interesting trend that sees scientists and
+   philosophers coming together to build a broadened concept of
+   "theory" through a combination of standard mathematical treatments
+   and conceptual analyses. Given the often contentious history of the
+   relationship between philosophy and science, such trend cannot but
+   be welcome.}
+}
+
+@Article{Okasha09,
+  author = 	 {Okasha, Samir},
+  title = 	 {Individuals, Groups, Fitness and Utility: 
+                  Multi-Level Selection Meets Social Choice Theory},
+  journal = 	 {Biol. Philos.},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 24,
+  pages =	 {561--584},
+  annote =	 {In models of multi-level selection, the property of
+   Darwinian fitness is attributed to entities at more than one level
+   of the biological hierarchy, e. g. individuals and groups. However,
+   the relation between individual and group fitness is a
+   controversial matter. Theorists disagree about whether group
+   fitness should always, or ever, be defined as total (or average)
+   individual fitness. This paper tries to shed light on the issue by
+   drawing on work in social choice theory, and pursuing an analogy
+   between fitness and utility. Social choice theorists have long been
+   interested in the relation between individual and social utility,
+   and have identified conditions under which social utility equals
+   total (or average) individual utility. These ideas are used to shed
+   light on the biological problem.}
+}
+
+@Article{Pigliucci09,
+  author = 	 {Pigliucci, Massimo},
+  title = 	 {{S}amir {O}kasha: {E}volution and the Levels of Selection},
+  journal = 	 {Biol. Philos.},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 24,
+  pages =	 {551--560},
+  annote =	 {The debate about the levels of selection has been one
+   of the most controversial both in evolutionary biology and in
+   philosophy of science.  Okasha's book makes the sort of
+   contribution that simply will not be able to be ignored by anyone
+   interested in this field for many years to come. However, my
+   interest here is in highlighting some examples of how Okasha goes
+   about discussing his material to suggest that his book is part of
+   an increasingly interesting trend that sees scientists and
+   philosophers coming together to build a broadened concept of
+   "theory" through a combination of standard mathematical treatments
+   and conceptual analyses. Given the often contentious history of the
+   relationship between philosophy and science, such trend cannot but
+   be welcome.}
+}
+
+@Article{Egas08,
+  author = 	 {Egas, Martijn and Riedl, Arno},
+  title = 	 {Proc. R. Soc. B.},
+  journal = 	 {The Economics of Altruistic Punishment and the Maintenance 
+                  of Cooperation},
+  year = 	 2008,
+  volume =	 275,
+  pages =	 {871--878},
+  annote =	 {Explaining the evolution and maintenance of cooperation
+   among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in
+   biology and the social sciences. Recent findings suggest that
+   altruistic punishment is an important mechanism maintaining
+   cooperation among humans. We experimentally explore the boundaries
+   of altruistic punishment to maintain cooperation by varying both
+   the cost and the impact of punishment, using an exceptionally
+   extensive subject pool. Our results show that cooperation is only
+   maintained if conditions for altruistic punishment are relatively
+   favourable: low cost for the punisher and high impact on the
+   punished. Our results indicate that punishment is strongly governed
+   by its cost-to-impact ratio and that its effect on cooperation can
+   be pinned down to one single variable: the threshold level of
+   free-riding that goes unpunished. Additionally, actual pay-offs are
+   the lowest when altruistic punishment maintains cooperation,
+   because the pay-off destroyed through punishment exceeds the gains
+   from increased cooperation. Our results are consistent with the
+   interpretation that punishment decisions come from an amalgam of
+   emotional response and cognitive cost-impact analysis and suggest
+   that altruistic punishment alone can hardly maintain cooperation
+   under multi-level natural selection. Uncovering the workings of
+   altruistic punishment as has been done here is important because it
+   helps predicting under which conditions altruistic punishment is
+   expected to maintain cooperation.}
+}
+
+@Article{Helanterae06,
+  author = 	 {Helanter{\"a}, H.},
+  title = 	 {The Unity That Does Not Exist---A Review of 
+                  {A.} {B}urt \& {R.} {T}rivers 2006: {G}enes in {C}onflict},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Bol.},
+  year = 	 2006,
+  volume =	 19,
+  pages =	 {2067--2070},
+  annote =	 {Organisms harbour several genetic elements with the
+   potential to act selfishly, and thus undermine the fitness of the
+   organism as a whole. In their book 'Genes in conflict', Austin Burt
+   and Robert Trivers thoroughly review evolution and molecular
+   biology of such selfish genetics elements, and set them in a kin
+   selection framework. In this review I set their views in a larger
+   multi-level selection framework, and consider potential problems in
+   the study of selfish genetics elements.}
+}
+
+@Article{Okasha05,
+  author = 	 {Okasha, Samir},
+  title = 	 {Altruism, Group Selection and Correlated Interaction},
+  journal = 	 {Brit. J. Phil. Sci.},
+  year = 	 2005,
+  volume =	 56,
+  pages =	 {703--725},
+  annote =	 {Group selection is one acknowledged mechanism for the
+   evolution of altruism. It is well known that for altruism to spread
+   by natural selection, interactions must be correlated; that is,
+   altruists must tend to associate with one another. But does group
+   selection itself require correlated interactions? Two possible
+   arguments for answering this question affirmatively are
+   explored. The first is a bad argument, for it rests on a
+   product/process confusion. The second is a more subtle argument,
+   whose validity (or otherwise) turns on issues concerning the
+   meaning of multi-level selection and how it should be modelled. A
+   cautious defence of the second argument is offered.
+   1 Introduction
+   2 Multi-level selection and the evolution of altruism
+   3 Price's equation and multi-level selection
+   4 Contextual analysis and multi-level selection
+   5 The neighbour approach
+   6 Recapitulation and conclusion.}
+}
+
+@Article{Okasha04,
+  author = 	 {Okasha, Samir},
+  title = 	 {Multi-Level Selection, Covariance and Contextual Analysis},
+  journal = 	 {Brit. J. Phil. Sci.},
+  year = 	 2004,
+  volume =	 55,
+  pages =	 {481--504},
+  annote =	 {Two alternative statistical approaches to modelling
+   multi-level selection in nature, both found in the contemporary
+   biological literature, are contrasted. The simple covariance
+   approach partitions the total selection differential on a
+   phenotypic character into within-group and between-group
+   components, and identifies the change due to group selection with
+   the latter. The contextual approach partitions the total selection
+   differential into different components, using multivariate
+   regression analysis. The two approaches have different implications
+   for the question of what constitutes group selection and what does
+   not. I argue that the contextual approach is theoretically
+   preferable. This has important implications for a number of issues
+   in the philosophical debate about the levels of selection.}  }
+
+
+@Article{Bowles04,
+  author = 	 {Bowles, Samuel and  Gintis, Herbert},
+  title = 	 {The Evolution of Strong Reciprocity: Cooperation 
+                  in Heterogeneous Populations},
+  journal = 	 {Theor. Population Biol.},
+  year = 	 2004,
+  volume =	 65,
+  pages =	 {17--28},
+  annote =	 {How do human groups maintain a high level of
+   cooperation despite a low level of genetic relatedness among group
+   members? We suggest that many humans have a predisposition to
+   punish those who violate group-beneficial norms, even when this
+   imposes a fitness cost on the punisher. Such altruistic punishment
+   is widely observed to sustain high levels of cooperation in
+   behavioral experiments and in natural settings.  We offer a model
+   of cooperation and punishment that we call strong reciprocity:
+   where members of a group benefit from mutual adherence to a social
+   norm, strong reciprocators obey the norm and punish its violators,
+   even though as a result they receive lower payoffs than other group
+   members, such as selfish agents who violate the norm and do not
+   punish, and pure cooperators who adhere to the norm but free-ride
+   by never punishing. Our agent-based simulations show that, under
+   assumptions approximating likely human environments over the
+   100,000 years prior to the domestication of animals and plants, the
+   proliferation of strong reciprocators when initially rare is highly
+   likely, and that substantial frequencies of all three behavioral
+   types can be sustained in a population. As a result, high levels of
+   cooperation are sustained. Our results do not require that group
+   members be related or that group extinctions occur. (C) 2003
+   Published by Elsevier Inc.}  }
+
+
+@Article{Gintis03,
+  author = 	 {Gintis, Herbert},
+  title = 	 {The Hitchhiker's Guide to Altruism: Gene-Culture 
+                  Coevolution, and the Internalization of Norms},
+  journal = 	 {J. Theor. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2003,
+  volume =	 220,
+  pages =	 {407--418},
+  annote =	 {An internal norm is a pattern of behavior enforced in
+   part by internal sanctions, such as shame, guilt and loss of
+   self-esteem, as opposed to purely external sanctions, such as
+   material rewards and punishment. The ability to internalize norms
+   is widespread among humans, although in some so-called
+   "sociopaths", this capacity is diminished or lacking.  Suppose
+   there is one genetic locus that controls the capacity to
+   internalize norms. This model shows that if an internal norm is
+   fitness enhancing, then for plausible patterns of socialization,
+   the allele for internalization of norms is evolutionarily
+   stable. This framework can be used to model Herbert Simon's (1990)
+   explanation of altruism, showing that altruistic norms can
+   "hitchhike" on the general tendency of internal norms to be
+   personally fitness-enhancing. A multi-level selection, gene-culture
+   coevolution argument then explains why individually
+   fitness-reducing internal norms are likely to be prosocial as
+   opposed to socially harmful. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+   rights reserved.}  }
+
+@Article{Kerr02,
+  author = 	 {Kerr, Benjamin and Godfrey-Smith, Peter},
+  title = 	 {Individualist and Multi-Level Perspectives on Selection 
+                  in Structured Populations},
+  journal = 	 {Biol. Philos.},
+  year = 	 2002,
+  volume =	 17,
+  pages =	 {477--517},
+  annote =	 {Recent years have seen a renewed debate over the
+   importance of group selection, especially as it relates to the
+   evolution of altruism. One feature of this debate has been
+   disagreement over which kinds of processes should be described in
+   terms of selection at multiple levels, within and between
+   groups. Adapting some earlier discussions, we present a
+   mathematical framework that can be used to explore the exact
+   relationships between evolutionary models that do, and those that
+   do not, explicitly recognize biological groups as fitness-bearing
+   entities.  We show a fundamental set of mathematical equivalences
+   between these two kinds of models, one of which applies a form of
+   multi-level selection theory and the other being a form of
+   "individualism." However, we also argue that each type of model can
+   have heuristic advantages over the other. Indeed, it can be
+   positively useful to engage in a kind of back-and-forth switching
+   between two different perspectives on the evolutionary role of
+   groups. So the position we defend is a "gestalt-switching
+   pluralism".}  }
+
+
+@Article{Kerr02a,
+  author = 	 {Kerr, Benjamin and Godfrey-Smith, Peter},
+  title = 	 {On {P}rice's Equation and Average Fitness},
+  journal = 	 {Biol. Philos.},
+  year = 	 2002,
+  volume =	 17,
+  pages =	 {551--565},
+  annote =	 {A number of recent discussions have argued that George
+   Price's equation for representing evolutionary change is a powerful
+   and illuminating tool, especially in the context of debates about
+   multiple levels of selection. Our paper dissects Price's equation
+   in detail, and compares it to another statistical tool: the
+   calculation and comparison of average fitnesses. The relations
+   between Price's equation and equations for evolutionary change
+   using average fitness are closer than is sometimes supposed. The
+   two approaches achieve a similar kind of statistical summary of one
+   generation of change, and they achieve this via a similar loss of
+   information about the underlying fitness structure.}
+}
+
+@Article{Nachtomy02,
+  author = 	 {Nachtomy, Ohad and   Shavit, Ayelet and Smith, Justin},
+  title = 	 {Leibnizian Organisms, Nested Individuals, and 
+                  Units of Selection},
+  journal = 	 {Theory Biosci.},
+  year = 	 2002,
+  volume =	 121,
+  pages =	 {205--230},
+  annote =	 {Leibniz developed a new notion of individuality,
+   according to which individuals are nested one within another,
+   thereby abandoning the Aristotelian formula at the heart of
+   substantialist metaphysics, 'one body, one substance'. On this
+   model, the level of individuality is determined by the degree of
+   activity, and partly defined by its relations with other
+   individuals. In this article, we show the importance of this new
+   notion of individuality for some persisting questions in
+   theoretical biology. Many evolutionary theorists presuppose a model
+   of individuality that will eventually reduce to spatiotemporal
+   mechanisms, and some still look for an exclusive level or function
+   to determine a unit of selection. In recent years, a number of
+   alternatives to these exclusive approaches have emereged, and no
+   consensus can be foreseen. It is for this reason that we propose
+   the model of nested individuals. This model supports pluralistic
+   multi-level selection and rejects an exclusive level or function
+   for a unit of selection. Since activity is essential to the unity
+   of an individual, this model focuses on integrating processes of
+   interaction and replication instead of choosing between them. In
+   addition, the model of nested individuals may also be seen as a
+   distinct perspective among the various alternative models for the
+   unit of selection. This model stresses activity and pluralism: it
+   accepts simultaneuous co-existence of individuals at different
+   levels, nested one within the other. Our aim in this article is to
+   show now a chapter of the history of metaphysics may be fruitfully
+   brought to bear on the current debate over the unit of selection in
+   evolutionary biology.}  }
+
+@Article{Canals98,
+  author = 	 {Canals, Jos{\'e} and Vega-Redondo, Fernando},
+  title = 	 {Multi-Level Evolution in Population Games},
+  journal = 	 {Int. J. Game Theory},
+  year = 	 1998,
+  volume =	 27,
+  pages =	 {21--35},
+  annote =	 {In this paper, we analyze a generalization of the
+   evolutionary model of Kandori, Mailath, & Rob (1993) where the
+   population is partitioned into groups and evolution takes place "in
+   parallel" at the following two levels: (i) within groups, at the
+   lower level; among groups, at the higher one. Unlike in their
+   context, efficiency considerations always overcome those of
+   risk-dominance in the process of selecting the long-run
+   equilibrium. This provides an explicitly dynamic basis for a
+   conclusion reminiscent of those put forward in the biological
+   literature by the so-called theories group selection. From a
+   normative viewpoint, it suggests the potential importance of
+   "decentralization", here understood as local and independent
+   interaction.}  }
+
+@Article{Simon10,
+  author = 	 {Simon, Burton},
+  title = 	 {A Dynamical Model of Two-Level Selection},
+  journal = 	 {Evol. Ecol. Res.},
+  year = 	 2010,
+  volume =	 12,
+  pages =	 {555--588},
+  annote =	 {Question: How do continuous-time evolutionary 
+   trajectories of two-level
+   selection behave?
+   Approach: Construct and solve a dynamical model of two-level selection
+   capable of predicting evolutionary trajectories and equilibrium
+   configurations.
+   Mathematical methods: Evolutionary birth-death processes, simulation,
+   large population asymptotics, numerical solutions of hyperbolic PDEs.
+   Key assumptions: Environment composed of distinct groups of individuals.
+   Individuals' birth and death rates are differentiable functions of the
+   state of the environment. Groups' fissioning and extinction rates are
+   integrable functions of the state of the environment.
+   Main results: A continuous-time, discrete-state, stochastic model of
+   two-level selection that can be simulated exactly. A continuous-time,
+   continuous-state, deterministic (PDE) model of two-level selection that
+   can be solved numerically. A mathematical connection between the
+   stochastic and deterministic models. Equilibrium configurations of the
+   environment in models of the evolution of cooperation by two-level
+   selection often consist of complicated mixtures of groups of varying
+   sizes, ages, and levels of cooperation.}
+}
+
+@Article{Goodnight11,
+  author = 	 {Goodnight, Charles J.},
+  title = 	 {Evolution in Metacommunities},
+  journal = 	 {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
+  year = 	 2011,
+  volume =	 366,
+  pages =	 {1401--1409},
+  annote =	 {A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities
+   that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In
+   metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that
+   occur within communities such as drift and individual selection,
+   but also by among-community processes, such as divergent selection
+   owing to random differences among communities in species
+   composition, and group and community-level selection. The effect of
+   these among-community-level processes depends on the pattern of
+   migration among communities. Migrating units may be individuals
+   (migrant pool model), groups of individuals (single-species
+   propagule pool model) or multi-species associations (multi-species
+   propagule pool model). The most interesting case is the
+   multi-species propagule pool model. Although this pattern of
+   migration may a priori seem rare, it becomes more plausible in
+   small well-defined 'communities' such as symbiotic associations
+   between two or a few species. Theoretical models and experimental
+   studies show that community selection is potentially an effective
+   evolutionary force. Such evolution can occur either through genetic
+   changes within species or through changes in the species
+   composition of the communities. Although laboratory studies show
+   that community selection can be important, little is known about
+   how important it is in natural populations.}  }
+
+@Article{Nunney85a,
+  author = 	 {Len Nunney},
+  title = 	 {Group Selection, Altruism, and Structured-Deme Models},
+  journal = 	 {American Naturalist},
+  year = 	 1985,
+  volume =	 126,
+  pages =	 {212--230}
+}
+
+
+@Article{Nunney85b,
+  author = 	 {Len Nunney},
+  title = 	 {Female-Biased Sex Ratios: Individual or Group Selection?},
+  journal = 	 {Evolution},
+  year = 	 1985,
+  volume =	 39,
+  pages =	 {349--361}
+}
+
+@Article{Lion11,
+  author = 	 {S{\'e}bastien Lion and Vincent A. A. Jansen and Troy Day},
+  title = 	 {Evolution in Structured Populations:
+                  Beyond the Kin Versus Group Debate},
+  journal = 	 {Trends Ecol. Evol.},
+  year = 	 2011,
+  volume =	 26,
+  pages =	 {193--201},
+  annote =	 {Much of the literature on social evolution is pervaded
+by the old debate about the relative merits of kin and group
+selection. In this debate, the biological interpretation of processes
+occurring in real populations is often conflated with the mathematical
+methodology used to describe these processes. Here, we highlight the
+distinction between the two by placing this discussion within the
+broader context of evolution in structured populations. In this review
+we show that the current debate overlooks important aspects of the
+interplay between genetic and demographic structuring, and argue that
+a continued focus on the relative merits of kin versus group selection
+distracts attention from moving the field forward.}  }
+
+@Article{Leigh09,
+  author = 	 {Leigh, E. G., Jr.},
+  title = 	 {The Group Selection Controversy},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 23,
+  pages =	 {6--19},
+  annote =	 {Many thought Darwinian natural selection could not
+explain altruism. This error led Wynne-Edwards to explain sustainable
+exploitation in animals by selection against overexploiting
+groups. Williams riposted that selection among groups rarely overrides
+within-group selection. Hamilton showed that altruism can evolve
+through kin selection. How strongly does group selection influence
+evolution? Following Price, Hamilton showed how levels of selection
+interact: group selection prevails if Hamilton's rule applies. Several
+showed that group selection drove some major evolutionary
+transitions. Following Hamilton's lead, Queller extended Hamilton's
+rule, replacing genealogical relatedness by the regression on an
+actor's genotypic altruism of interacting neighbours' phenotypic
+altruism. Price's theorem shows the generality of Hamilton's rule. All
+instances of group selection can be viewed as increasing inclusive
+fitness of autosomal genomes. Nonetheless, to grasp fully how
+cooperation and altruism evolve, most biologists need more concrete
+concepts like kin selection, group selection and selection among
+individuals for their common good.  } }
+
+@Article{Platt09,
+  author = 	 {Thomas G. Platt and James D. Bever},
+  title = 	 {Kin Competition and the Evolution
+                  of Cooperation},
+  journal = 	 {Trends Ecol. Evol.},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 24,
+  pages =	 {370--377},
+  annote =	 {Kin and multilevel selection theories predict that
+genetic structure is required for the evolution of
+cooperation. However, local competition among relatives can limit
+cooperative benefits, antagonizing the evolution of cooperation. We
+show that several ecological factors determine the extent to which kin
+competition constrains cooperative benefits. In addition, we argue
+that cooperative acts that expand local carrying capacity are less
+constrained by kin competition than other cooperative traits, and are
+therefore more likely to evolve. These arguments are particularly
+relevant to microbial cooperation, which often involves the production
+of public goods that promote population expansion. The challenge now
+is to understand how an organism's ecology influences how much
+cooperative groups contribute to future generations and thereby the
+evolution of cooperation.}  }
+
+@Article{Rankin07,
+  author = 	 {Daniel J. Rankin and Katja Bargum and Hanna Kokko},
+  title = 	 {The Tragedy of the Commons in
+                  Evolutionary Biology},
+  journal = 	 {Trends Ecol. Evol.},
+  year = 	 2007,
+  volume =	 22,
+  pages =	 {643--651},
+  annote =	 {Garrett Hardin's tragedy of the commons is an analogy
+that shows how individuals driven by self-interest can end up
+destroying the resource upon which they all depend. The proposed
+solutions for humans rely on highly advanced skills such as
+negotiation, which raises the question of how non-human organisms
+manage to resolve similar tragedies. In recent years, this question
+has promoted evolutionary biologists to apply the tragedy of the
+commons to a wide range of biological systems. Here, we provide tools
+to categorize different types of tragedy and review different
+mechanisms, including kinship, policing and diminishing returns that
+can resolve conflicts that could otherwise end in tragedy. A central
+open question, however, is how often biological systems are able to
+resolve these scenarios rather than drive themselves extinct through
+individual-level selection favouring self-interested behaviours.}  }
+
+@Article{Taylor07:Dilemma,
+  author = 	 {Christine Taylor and Martin A. Nowak},
+  title = 	 {Transforming the Dilemma},
+  journal = 	 {Evolution},
+  year = 	 2007,
+  volume =	 61,
+  pages =	 {2281--2292},
+  annote =	 {How does natural selection lead to cooperation between
+competing individuals ? The Prisoner's Dilemma captures the essence of
+this problem. Two players can either cooperate or defect. The payoff
+for mutual cooperation, R, is greater than the payoff for mutual
+defection, P. But a defector versus a cooperator receives the highest
+payoff, T, where as the cooperator obtains the lowest payoff,
+S. Hence, the Prisoner's Dilemma is defined by the payoff ranking T >
+R > P > S. In a well-mixed population, defectors always have a higher
+expected payoff than cooperators, and therefore natural selection
+favors defectors. The evolution of cooperation requires specific
+mechanisms. Here we discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of
+cooperation: direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, kin selection,
+group selection, and network reciprocity (or graph selection). Each
+mechanism leads to a transformation of the Prisoner's Dilemma payoff
+matrix. From the transformed matrices, we derive the fundamental
+conditions for the evolution of cooperation. The transformed matrices
+can be used in standard frameworks of evolutionary dynamics such as
+the replicator equation or stochastic processes of game dynamics in
+finite populations.}  }
+
+@Article{West07,
+  author = 	 {Stuart A. West and Stephen P. Diggle and Angus Buckling
+                  and Andy Gardner and Ashleigh S. Griffin},
+  title = 	 {The Social Lives of Microbes},
+  journal = 	 {Ann. Rev. Evol. Ecol. Systematics},
+  year = 	 2007,
+  volume =	 38,
+  pages =	 {53--77},
+  annote = {Our understanding of the social lives of microbes has been
+  revolutionized over the past 20 years. It used to be assumed that
+  bacteria and other microorganisms lived relatively independent
+  unicellular lives, without the cooperative behaviors that have
+  provoked so much interest in mammals, birds, and insects. However, a
+  rapidly expanding body of research has completely overturned this
+  idea, showing that microbes indulge in a variety of social behaviors
+  involving complex systems of cooperation, communication, and
+  synchronization. Work in this area has already provided some elegant
+  experimental tests of social evolutionary theory, demonstrating the
+  importance of factors such as relatedness, kin discrimination,
+  competition between relatives, and enforcement of cooperation. Our
+  aim here is to review these social behaviors, emphasizing the unique
+  opportunities they offer for testing existing evolutionary theory as
+  well as highlighting the novel theoretical problems that they pose.}
+}
+
+@Article{Lehmann06,
+  author = 	 {L. Lehmann and L. Keller},
+  title = 	 {The Evolution of Cooperation and Altruism---A 
+                  General Framework and a Classification of Models},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2006,
+  volume =	 19,
+  pages =	 {1365--1376},
+  annote =	 {One of the enduring puzzles in biology and the social
+sciences is the origin and persistence of intraspecific cooperation
+and altruism in humans and other species. Hundreds of theoretical
+models have been proposed and there is much confusion about the
+relationship between these models. To clarify the situation, we
+developed a synthetic conceptual framework that delineates the
+conditions necessary for the evolution of altruism and cooperation. We
+show that at least one of the four following conditions needs to be
+fulfilled: direct benefits to the focal individual performing a
+cooperative act; direct or indirect information allowing a better than
+random guess about whether a given individual will behave
+cooperatively in repeated reciprocal interactions; preferential
+interactions between related individuals; and genetic correlation
+between genes coding for altruism and phenotypic traits that can be
+identified. When one or more of these conditions are met, altruism or
+cooperation can evolve if the cost-to-benefit ratio of altruistic and
+cooperative acts is greater than a threshold value. The
+cost-to-benefit ratio can be altered by coercion, punishment and
+policing which therefore act as mechanisms facilitating the evolution
+of altruism and cooperation. All the models proposed so far are
+explicitly or implicitly built on these general principles, allowing
+us to classify them into four general categories.}  }
+
+@Article{Wilson83,
+  author = 	 {David Sloan Wilson},
+  title = 	 {The Group Selection Controversy: History and
+                  Current Status},
+  journal = 	 {Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics},
+  year = 	 1983,
+  volume =	 14,
+  pages =	 {159--187}
+}
+
+@Article{West07a,
+  author = 	 {S. A. West and A. S. Griffin and A. Gardner},
+  title = 	 {Social Semantics: Altruism, Cooperation, Mutualism, 
+                  Strong Reciprocity and Group Selection},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2007,
+  volume =	 20,
+  pages =	 {415--432},
+  annote =	 {From an evolutionary perspective, social behaviours are
+those which have fitness consequences for both the individual that
+performs the behaviour, and another individual. Over the last 43
+years, a huge theoretical and empirical literature has developed on
+this topic. However, progress is often hindered by poor communication
+between scientists, with different people using the same term to mean
+different things, or different terms to mean the same thing. This can
+obscure what is biologically important, and what is not. The potential
+for such semantic confusion is greatest with interdisciplinary
+research. Our aim here is to address issues of semantic confusion that
+have arisen with research on the problem of cooperation. In
+particular, we: (i) discuss confusion over the terms kin selection,
+mutualism, mutual benefit, cooperation, altruism, reciprocal altruism,
+weak altruism, altruistic punishment, strong reciprocity, group
+selection and direct fitness; (ii) emphasize the need to distinguish
+between proximate (mechanism) and ultimate (survival value)
+explanations of behaviours. We draw examples from all areas, but
+especially recent work on humans and microbes.  } }
+
+@Article{Wilson08,
+  author = 	 {D. S. Wilson},
+  title = 	 {Social Semantics: Toward a Genuine Pluralism in the 
+                  Study of Social Behaviour},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2008,
+  volume =	 21,
+  pages =	 {368--373},
+  annote =	 {Pluralism is the coexistence of equivalent theoretical
+frameworks, either because they are historically entrenched or because
+they achieve separate insights by viewing the same process in
+different ways. A recent article by West et al. [Journal of
+Evolutionary Biology (2007) vol. 20, 415-432] attempts to classify the
+many equivalent frameworks that have been developed to study the
+evolution of social behaviour. This article addresses shortcomings in
+the West et al.'s article, especially with respect to multilevel
+selection, in a common effort to maximize the benefits of pluralism
+while minimizing the semantic costs.}  }
+
+@Article{West08,
+  author = 	 {S. A. West and A. S. Griffin and A. Gardner},
+  title = 	 {Social Semantics: How Useful Has Group Selection Been?},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2008,
+  volume =	 21,
+  pages =	 {374--385},
+  annote =	 {In our social semantics review ( J. Evol. Biol., 2007,
+415-432), we discussed some of the misconceptions and sources of
+confusion associated with group selection. Wilson (2007, this issue)
+claims that we made three errors regarding group selection. Here, we
+aim to expand upon the relevant points from our review in order to
+refute this claim. The last 45 years of research provide clear
+evidence of the relative use of the kin and group selection
+approaches. Kin selection methodologies are more tractable, allowing
+the construction of models that can be applied more easily to specific
+biological examples, including those chosen by Wilson to illustrate
+the utility of the group selection approach. In contrast, the group
+selection approach is not only less useful, but also appears to
+frequently have negative consequences by fostering confusion that
+leads to wasted effort. More generally, kin selection theory allows
+the construction of a unified conceptual overview that can be applied
+across all taxa, whereas there is no formal theory of group
+selection.}  }
+
+@Article{Hamilton64a,
+  author = 	 {Hamilton, W. D.},
+  title = 	 {The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior. {I}},
+  journal = 	 {J. Theor. Biol.},
+  year = 	 1964,
+  volume =	 7,
+  pages =	 {1--16}
+}
+
+@Article{Hamilton64b,
+  author = 	 {Hamilton, W. D.},
+  title = 	 {The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior. {II}},
+  journal = 	 {J. Theor. Biol.},
+  year = 	 1964,
+  volume =	 7,
+  pages =	 {17--52}
+}
+
+
+@Article{Lion09,
+  author = 	 {S. Lion and S. Gandon},
+  title = 	 {Habitat Saturation and the Spatial Evolutionary Ecology
+                  of Altruism},
+  journal = 	 {J. Evol. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 22,
+  pages =	 {1487--1502},
+  annote =	 {Under which ecological conditions should individuals
+help their neighbours? We investigate the effect of habitat saturation
+on the evolution of helping behaviours in a spatially structured
+population. We combine the formalisms of population genetics and
+spatial moment equations to tease out the effects of various
+physiological (direct benefits and costs of helping) and ecological
+parameters (such as the density of empty sites) on the selection
+gradient on helping. Our analysis highlights the crucial importance of
+demography for the evolution of helping behaviours. It shows that
+habitat saturation can have contrasting effects, depending on the form
+of competition (direct vs. indirect competition) and on the
+conditionality of helping. In our attempt to bridge the gap between
+spatial ecology and population genetics, we derive an expression for
+relatedness that takes into account both habitat saturation and the
+spatial structure of genetic variation. This analysis helps clarify
+discrepancies in the results obtained by previous theoretical
+studies. It also provides a theoretical framework taking into account
+the interplay between demography and kin selection, in which new
+biological questions can be explored.}  }
+
+@Article{Wilson77,
+  author = 	 {David Sloan Wilson},
+  title = 	 {Structured Demes and the Evolution of 
+                  Group-Advantageous Traits},
+  journal = 	 {American Naturalist},
+  year = 	 1977,
+  volume =	 111,
+  pages =	 {157--185},
+  annote =	 {1. Most organisms interact with a set of neighbors
+smaller than the deme (its trait group). Demes therefore are not only
+a population of individuals but also a population of groups
+(structured demes). 2. Trait groups vary in their composition. The
+minimum variance to be expected is that arising from a binomial
+distribution. Most populations have a higher variance than this due to
+(a) differential interactions with the environment and (b) the effects
+of reproduction inside the trait groups. 3. As a consequence of this
+variation, an individual on the average experiences its own "type" in
+a greater frequency than actually exists in the deme. Its behaviors
+are therefore directed differentially toward fellow types, and this is
+the fundamental requirement for the evolution of altruism. 4. Models
+are presented for warning cries and other donor-recipient relations,
+resource notification, the evolution of prudence in exploitation and
+interference competition, and the effect of differential trait-group
+extinction. In all cases evolution in structured demes differs from
+traditional individual-selection models. Individual selection
+corresponds to the case where there is zero variance among trait
+groups, that is, complete homogeneity. 5. The "threshold" variance
+permitting the evolution of altruism (negative fitness change to the
+donor) is that arising from a binomial distribution. As this is the
+minimum to be expected in nature, this theory predicts that at least
+weakly altruistic behavior should be a common occurrence (but see
+[9]). 6. If a population is overexploiting its resource, a decrease in
+feeding rate through interference may be selected for given any
+trait-group variation. 7. When trait groups are composed entirely of
+siblings (i.e., kin groups), the model is mathematically equivalent to
+kin selection. 8. As well as increasing population fitness, social
+systems may also evolve an "immunity" against group-detrimental
+types. 9. If a given group-advantageous effect can be accomplished
+through both altruistic and selfish mechanisms, the selfish mechanism
+will be selected. A paucity of altruistic behaviors may signify that
+it is usually possible to create the same result selfishly--not that
+altruism "cannot" be selected for} }
+
+@Article{Fletcher09,
+  author = 	 {Jeffrey A. Fletcher and Michael Doebeli},
+  title = 	 {A Simple and General Explanation for the 
+                  Evolution of Altruism},
+  journal = 	 {Proc. Roy. Soc. B},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 276,
+  pages =	 {13--19},
+  annote =	 {We present a simple framework that highlights the most
+fundamental requirement for the evolution of altruism: assortment
+between individuals carrying the cooperative genotype and the helping
+behaviours of others with which these individuals interact. We
+partition the fitness effects on individuals into those due to self
+and those due to the \u2018interaction environment\u2019, and show
+that it is the latter that is most fundamental to understanding the
+evolution of altruism. We illustrate that while kinship or genetic
+similarity among those interacting may generate a favourable structure
+of interaction environments, it is not a fundamental requirement for
+the evolution of altruism, and even suicidal aid can theoretically
+evolve without help ever being exchanged among genetically similar
+individuals. Using our simple framework, we also clarify a common
+confusion made in the literature between alternative fitness
+accounting methods (which may equally apply to the same biological
+circumstances) and unique causal mechanisms for creating the
+assortment necessary for altruism to be favoured by natural
+selection.}  }
+
+@Article{Lion09a,
+  author = 	 {S{\'e}bastien Lion},
+  title = 	 {Relatedness in Spatially Structured Populations 
+                  with Empty Sites: An Approach Based on Spatial Moment 
+                  Equations},
+  journal = 	 {J. Theor. Biol.},
+  year = 	 2009,
+  volume =	 260,
+  pages =	 {121--131},
+  annote =	 {Taking into account the interplay between spatial
+ecological dynamics and selection is a major challenge in evolutionary
+ecology. Although inclusive fitness theory has proven to be a very
+useful tool to unravel the interactions between spatial genetic
+structuring and selection, applications of the theory usually rely on
+simplifying demographic assumptions. In this paper, I attempt to
+bridge the gap between spatial demographic models and kin selection
+models by providing a method to compute approximations for relatedness
+coefficients in a spatial model with empty sites. Using spatial moment
+equations, I provide an approximation of nearest-neighbour relatedness
+on random regular networks, and show that this approximation performs
+much better than the ordinary pair approximation. I discuss the
+connection between the relatedness coefficients I define and those
+used in population genetics, and sketch some potential extensions of
+the theory.}  }
+
+@article{Hirose22072011,
+author = {Hirose, Shigenori and Benabentos, Rocio and Ho, Hsing-I and Kuspa, Adam and Shaulsky, Gad}, 
+title = {Self-Recognition in Social Amoebae Is Mediated by Allelic Pairs of Tiger Genes}, 
+volume = 333, 
+number = 6041, 
+pages = {467-470}, 
+year = 2011, 
+journal = {Science},
+doi = {10.1126/science.1203903}, 
+abstract ={Free-living cells of the social amoebae Dictyostelium
+discoideum can aggregate and develop into multicellular fruiting
+bodies in which many die altruistically as they become stalk cells
+that support the surviving spores. Dictyostelium cells exhibit kin
+discrimination—a potential defense against cheaters, which
+sporulate without contributing to the stalk. Kin discrimination
+depends on strain relatedness, and the polymorphic genes tgrB1 and
+tgrC1 are potential components of that mechanism. Here, we demonstrate
+a direct role for these genes in kin discrimination. We show that a
+matching pair of tgrB1 and tgrC1 alleles is necessary and sufficient
+for attractive self-recognition, which is mediated by differential
+cell-cell adhesion. We propose that TgrB1 and TgrC1 proteins mediate
+this adhesion through direct binding. This system is a genetically
+tractable ancient model of eukaryotic self-recognition.},  
+}
+
+@Article{Leadbeater11,
+  author = 	 {Ellouise Leadbeater b*mand Jonathan M. Carruthers 
+                  and Jonathan P. Green and Neil S. Rosser 
+                  and Jeremy Field},
+  title = 	 {Nest Inheritance Is the Missing Source of Direct 
+                  Fitness in a Primitively Eusocial Insect},
+  journal = 	 {Science},
+  year = 	 2011,
+  volume =	 333,
+  number =	 6044,
+  pages =	 {874--876},
+  abstract= {Animals that cooperate with nonrelatives represent a
+challenge to inclusive fitness theory, unless cooperative behavior is
+shown to provide direct fitness benefits. Inheritance of breeding
+resources could provide such benefits, but this route to cooperation
+has been little investigated in the social insects. We show that nest
+inheritance can explain the presence of unrelated helpers in a classic
+social insect model, the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes
+dominulus. We found that subordinate helpers produced more direct
+offspring than lone breeders, some while still subordinate but most
+after inheriting the dominant position. Thus, while indirect fitness
+obtained through helping relatives has been the dominant paradigm for
+understanding eusociality in insects, direct fitness is vital to
+explain cooperation in P. dominulus.}  }
+
+@Article{Kiers11,
+  author = 	 {E. Toby Kiers and Marie Duhamel and Yugandhar Beesetty
+                  and Jerry A. Mensah and Oscar Franken and Erik Verbruggen
+                  and Carl R. Fellbaum and George A. Kowalchuk 
+                  and Miranda M. Hart and Alberto Bago and Todd M. Palmer
+                  and Stuart A. West and Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
+                  and Jan Jansa and Heike B\"ucking},
+  title = 	 {Reciprocal Rewards Stabilize Cooperation in the 
+                  Mycorrhizal Symbiosis},
+  journal = 	 {Science},
+  year = 	 2011,
+  volume =	 333,
+  number =	 6044,
+  pages =	 {880--882},
+  annote =	 {Plants and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal
+symbionts interact in complex underground networks involving multiple
+partners. This increases the potential for exploitation and defection
+by individuals, raising the question of how partners maintain a fair,
+two-way transfer of resources. We manipulated cooperation in plants
+and fungal partners to show that plants can detect, discriminate, and
+reward the best fungal partners with more carbohydrates. In turn,
+their fungal partners enforce cooperation by increasing nutrient
+transfer only to those roots providing more carbohydrates. On the
+basis of these observations we conclude that, unlike many other
+mutualisms, the symbiont cannot be \u201censlaved.\u201d Rather, the
+mutualism is evolutionarily stable because control is bidirectional,
+and partners offering the best rate of exchange are rewarded.}  }
+
+@Article{Johnson11:Overconfidence,
+  author = 	 {Johnson, Dominic D.P. and Fowler, James H.},
+  title = 	 {The evolution of Overconfidence},
+  journal = 	 {Nature},
+  year = 	 2011,
+  volume =	 477,
+  number =	 7364,
+  pages =	 {317--320},
+  annote =	 {Confidence is an essential ingredient of success in a
+wide range of domains ranging from job performance and mental health
+to sports, business and combat1, 2, 3, 4. Some authors have suggested
+that not just confidence but overconfidence\u2014believing you are
+better than you are in reality\u2014is advantageous because it serves
+to increase ambition, morale, resolve, persistence or the credibility
+of bluffing, generating a self-fulfilling prophecy in which
+exaggerated confidence actually increases the probability of success3,
+4, 5, 6, 7, 8. However, overconfidence also leads to faulty
+assessments, unrealistic expectations and hazardous decisions, so it
+remains a puzzle how such a false belief could evolve or remain stable
+in a population of competing strategies that include accurate,
+unbiased beliefs. Here we present an evolutionary model showing that,
+counterintuitively, overconfidence maximizes individual fitness and
+populations tend to become overconfident, as long as benefits from
+contested resources are sufficiently large compared with the cost of
+competition. In contrast, unbiased strategies are only stable under
+limited conditions. The fact that overconfident populations are
+evolutionarily stable in a wide range of environments may help to
+explain why overconfidence remains prevalent today, even if it
+contributes to hubris, market bubbles, financial collapses, policy
+failures, disasters and costly wars9, 10, 11, 12, 13.}  }
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c05488243a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da324f40c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+\documentclass[1p]{afparticle}
+\usepackage{lipsum}
+\begin{document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Information about the current issue
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Volume
+\volumenumber{2}
+% Issue
+\issuenumber{1}
+% Year
+\publicationyear{2014}
+% Number of the paper in the journal
+\papernumber{2}
+% First page
+\startpage{256}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Information about the paper
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Title.  If necessary, put the short title in the [..]
+\title[Research Title]{Unnecessarily Complicated Research Title}
+% Authors.  The star denotes thecorressponding author
+\author*{John Smith}
+\address{Department, University, City, State, Country, Phone, E-mail}
+\author{Tom F. Johnson}
+\address{Department, University, City, State, Country}
+\author{Peter Sellers}
+\address{Department, University, City, State, Country}
+\author{Jay P. Singh}
+\address{Department, University, City, State, Country}
+% If necessary, redefine \shortauthors
+\renewcommand\shortauthors{John Smith et al}
+% Abstract
+\begin{abstract}
+  \lipsum[1]
+\end{abstract}
+% Keywords
+\begin{keyword}
+  One\sep Two\sep Three
+\end{keyword}
+
+% Technical information
+% Reception
+\received{April 1, 2013}
+% Revision;  can be repeated
+\revised{May 20, 2013}
+\revised{June 15, 2013}
+% Acceptance
+\accepted{July 30, 2013}
+
+% Making title
+\maketitle
+
+\section{First section}
+\lipsum[2]
+
+% In-text citation
+As shown by \citet{Haidt07}, people are selfish, but morally
+motivated.  See also the work by
+\citet{Stapel08042011}. 
+
+% Parenthetical citations
+The method in \citep{Zintzaras10} may help.
+
+\subsection{A subsection}
+
+\lipsum[4]
+
+\subsubsection{A subsubsection}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  TABLE
+%
+% Put caption before the table.  Use booktabs for table
+% formatting 
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{table}
+  \centering
+  \caption{A sample table}
+  \label{tab:sample}
+  \begin{tabular}{lrrr}
+    \toprule
+    Item & Units & Cost per unit, \$ & Total cost, \$\\
+    \midrule
+    Stuffed Gnus &  5  & 12.50  & 62.50 \\
+    Memory Sticks & 4  &  6.00  & 24.00\\
+    \midrule
+    Total & & & 86.50\\
+    \bottomrule
+  \end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  FIGURE
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics{vitruvian}
+  \caption{A sample figure}
+  \label{fig:sample}
+\end{figure}
+
+\lipsum[7-21]
+
+
+% Bibliography
+\bibliography{afpsample}
+\bibliographystyle{apacite}
+
+% This should be the last command
+\printbackmatter
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/vitruvian.jpg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/vitruvian.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..406573b7d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/vitruvian.jpg
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.dtx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0dc9c9cf1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.dtx
@@ -0,0 +1,1060 @@
+% \iffalse
+%<*gobble>
+% $Id: afparticle.dtx,v 1.9 2014-08-19 02:46:24 boris Exp $
+%
+% Copyright 2014, Boris Veytsman <boris@varphi.com>
+% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
+% version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any 
+% later version.
+% The latest version of the license is in
+%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of
+% LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Boris Veytsman
+%
+% This work consists of the file afparticle.dtx and the
+% derived file afparticle.cls
+%
+% \fi 
+% \CheckSum{684}
+%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~} 
+%
+% \iffalse
+%
+%
+%\section{Identification}
+%\label{sec:ident}
+%
+% We start with the declaration who we are
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%</gobble>
+%<class>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+%<*gobble>
+\ProvidesFile{afparticle.dtx}
+%</gobble>
+%<class>\ProvidesClass{afparticle}
+[2014/07/18 v1.0 Typesetting articles for Archives of Forensic Psychology]
+%<*gobble>
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% \fi
+%
+%\iffalse
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\usepackage{array}
+\usepackage{url}
+\usepackage{hypdoc}
+\hypersetup{breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
+            pagecolor=black,urlcolor=black,hyperindex=false}
+\PageIndex
+\CodelineIndex
+\RecordChanges
+\EnableCrossrefs
+\begin{document}
+  \DocInput{afparticle.dtx}
+\end{document}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%</gobble> 
+%<*class>
+% \fi
+% \MakeShortVerb{|}
+% \GetFileInfo{afparticle.dtx}
+% \title{Typesetting Articles for \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology}\thanks{\copyright 2014, Boris Veytsman}} 
+% \author{Boris Veytsman\thanks{%
+% \href{mailto:borisv@lk.net}{\texttt{borisv@lk.net}},
+% \href{mailto:boris@varphi.com}{\texttt{boris@varphi.com}}}} 
+% \date{\filedate, \fileversion}
+% \maketitle
+% \begin{abstract}
+%   This package provides a class for typesetting articles for the
+%   journal \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology},
+%   \url{http://www.archivesofforensicpsychology.com}.
+% \end{abstract}
+% \tableofcontents
+%
+% \clearpage
+%
+%
+%\section{Introduction}
+%\label{sec:intro}
+%
+% \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology} is an Open Access journal.
+% It is described on its Web
+% page\footnote{\url{http://www.archivesofforensicpsychology.com}} in
+% the following way:
+% \begin{quotation}
+%   Archives of Forensic Psychology (AFP) is an innovative,
+%   peer-reviewed journal published twice per year. Our mission is to
+%   link the science and practice of forensic psychology, by making
+%   research and clinical resources freely available to all mental
+%   health, correctional, and legal professionals. AFP welcomes
+%   empirical research, book and instrument reviews, case studies,
+%   commentaries, literature reviews, and policy
+%   recommendations. Particularly encouraged is the submission of
+%   non-significant results as well as the findings of government
+%   reports, conference presentations, Master's theses, and
+%   doctoral dissertations. 
+% \end{quotation}
+% 
+% The class |afparticle| is based on the |elsarticle|
+% class~\cite{elsarticle} with the following changes:
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item Some formatting changes: unnumbered sections and paragraphs
+% and others.
+% \item A different formatting of the title page.
+% \item Creation of the special file with the metadata used for the
+% Crossref submission.
+% \item Consistent use of APA~6 citation style.
+% \end{enumerate}
+% Most of these changes should be transparent for the user;  in the
+% next section we discuss the user-visible ones in more detail.
+%
+%
+%\section{User Manual}
+%\label{sec:manual}
+%
+% The user should consult the manual of
+% |elsarticle|~\cite{elsarticle};  below we describe only the features
+% different for |afparticle| class.  
+% 
+%\subsection{Invocation}
+%\label{sec:invocation}
+%
+%
+% To use the class put in the preamble of your document
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \documentclass{afparticle}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% The class supports the same options as |elsarticles| with the
+% following restrictions:
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item Options |3p| and |5p| are suppressed.  The
+% journal uses only |1p| one-column design. Use options |preprint| and
+% |review| to typeset the article for submission, and |1p| for the
+% final typesetting.
+% \item Options |authoryear|, |number|, |sort&compress| are
+% suppressed.  The journal uses |apacite| package~\cite{Meijer:Apacite} for the
+% bibliography (see below).
+% \end{enumerate}
+% 
+% 
+% To add line numbers to the manuscript, use
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \usepackage{lineno}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% and then either
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \begin{linenumbers}
+% ...
+% \end{linenumbers}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% or the global command
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \linenumbers
+% \end{verbatim}
+% 
+%
+%\subsection{Front Matter}
+%\label{sec:ug:frontmatter}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\maketitle}
+% Unlike |elsartclass|, |afparticle| does \emph{not} usesthe
+% environment |frontmatter|.  Instead, use \cs{maketitle} like you do
+% in the standard \LaTeX\ article.
+%
+% \emph{Archives of Forensic Research} normally uses the
+% ``second type of frontmatter coding''~\cite{elsarticle}: the authors
+% with the same affiliation are grouped together, and the affiliation
+% follows the group.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\tnoteref}
+% \DescribeMacro{\corref}
+% \DescribeMacro{\fnref}
+% As different from |elsarticle|, the frontmatter commands
+% \emph{do not allow footnotes inside their arguments.}  Thus the commands
+% \cs{tnoteref}, \cs{corref}, \cs{fnref} are not allowed and produce
+% errors.  Please do not use them.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\author*}
+% Of course, there should be a way to show the corresponding author of
+% the manuscript.  For this purpose the command \cs{author} has a
+% starred form \cs{author}:
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \author*{John Doe}   % Corresponding author
+% \address{George Mason University, Mailstop 76A12,
+%          Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA, 
+%          \path{jdoe@gmu.edu}}
+% \author{Alexander Hamilton}  % Other author
+% \address{George Washington University}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% Please note that the journal requires the corresponding author to
+% indicate her full mailing address and e-mail.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\shortauthors}
+% \LaTeX\ automatically puts the names of the authors into a running
+% head on even pages.  Sometimes when the list of authors is too
+% large, it does not fit there.  In this case put after all
+% \cs{author} definitions the line
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \renewcommand{\shortauthors}{SHORT LIST}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% for example,
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \renewcommand{\shortauthors}{John Doe et. al.}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% 
+% \DescribeMacro{\title}
+% Unlike \cs{title} in the standard \LaTeX\ and |elsarticle|, our
+% \cs{title} has two arguments: the mandatory one and the optional
+% one.  The reason is, the class uses title for running heads on odd
+% pages.  If the title is too long, it may not fit, and then the
+% optional argument is used for running heads:
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \title{Notes on evidence}   % Running head and title coincide
+% \title[Notes on evidence]{Some notes on evidence as presented to the
+% juries}                     % Running head and title are different 
+% \end{verbatim}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\volumenumber}
+% \DescribeMacro{\issuenumber}
+% \DescribeMacro{\publicationyear}
+% \DescribeMacro{\publicationmonth}
+% \DescribeMacro{\papernumber}
+% \DescribeMacro{\startpage}
+% \DescribeMacro{\endpage}
+%  The macros |\volumenumber|, |\issuenumber|, |\publicationyear|,
+%  |\publicationmonth|, |\papernumber|, |\startpage|, |\endpage| set up the
+%  corresponding 
+%  data for the paper, for example:
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \volumenumber{88}
+% \issuenumber{1--2}
+% \publicationyear{2012}
+% \publicationmonth{January--February}
+% \papernumber{2}
+% \startpage{1}
+% \endpage{39}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% Note that if the argument of |\endpage| is empty, \LaTeX{} tries to
+% calculate the last page number as best as it can.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\received}
+% \DescribeMacro{\revised}
+% \DescribeMacro{\accepted}
+% The macros \cs{received}\marg{date}, \cs{revised}\marg{date},
+% \cs{accepted}\marg{date} are used by the editorial staff for
+% techincal information about the paper.  These macros can be
+% repeated.  
+%
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\doinumber}
+% Normally you do not need to set the DOI of the paper: \TeX{} will
+% construct the number using the paper data (including paper number in
+% the current issue).  However, you \emph{may} override its decision
+% using the command |\doinumber| which sets the DOI explicitly, for
+% example, |\doinumber|\marg{12.234/afp.2013.01.01}.
+% You probably  should not use this macro.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\prevpaper}
+% Instead of setting |\startpage|, one can use the the command
+% |\prevpaper|\marg{previous paper}, with the argument being the
+% location and file name of the previous paper in the journal, for example:
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \prevpaper{../evidence/rules_of_evidence}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% Note that the |.tex| suffix should \emph{not} be used.  The previous
+% paper must be processed by |latex| prior to the current one.  In
+% this case |latex| will read the last page of the previous paper, and
+% start the current one from the proper page number.  
+% 
+%
+%\subsection{Back matter}
+%\label{sec:ug_back}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\printbackmatter}
+% The last command of the article must be \cs{printbackmatter}.  It
+% prints the technical information about the paper.
+%
+%\subsection{Sectioning}
+%\label{sec:ug:sectioning}
+%
+% The class uses unnumbered sections, subsections and subsubsections.
+% Never use period (.) at the end of the title: it is not allowed for
+% sections and subsections and is automatically added by
+% subsubsectons.  
+%
+%
+%\subsubsection{Tables and Figures}
+%\label{sec:ug_floats}
+%  
+% You may use tables and figures in the manuscript.  Remember that
+% table caption must \emph{precede} the table while figure captions
+% follow the contents.
+%
+% 
+%
+%\subsection{Bibliography}
+%\label{sec:biblio}
+%
+% The class uses |apacite|~\cite{Meijer:Apacite} for bibliography with
+% |natbibapa| option.  The format of the bibliographic commands is
+% described in the manuals~\cite{Meijer:Apacite}
+% and~\cite{Daly07:Natbib}.  Basically you need the commands
+% \cs{citet}\marg{key} for textual citations like ``John Doe (2012) wrote
+% that\ldots'' and \cs{citep}\marg{key} for parentetical citations
+% like ``As shown in the literature (John Doe, 2012)\ldots''.  
+%
+% If you use \textsc{Bib}\TeX, add to your file
+% \cs{bibliography}\marg{bibfiles} and |\bibliography{apacite}|.  For
+% manual bibliographies you must use APA6 citation style.
+%
+% \StopEventually{\clearpage
+% \bibliography{tex}
+% \bibliographystyle{unsrt}}
+% 
+% \clearpage
+%
+%
+%\section{Implementation}
+%\label{sec:impl}
+%
+%
+%
+%\subsection{Auxillary Macros}
+%\label{sec:aux}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{AFP@DisableMacro}
+%   Some commands are disabled
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AFP@DisableMacro#1{\ClassError{afparticle}{The macro 
+    \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
+    is disabled}{The command
+    \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
+    is introduced in the
+    elsarticle class.\MessageBreak  It is disabled in afpartcile
+    class}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\@nx}
+% \begin{macro}{\@xp}
+% \begin{macro}{\@ifnotempty}
+%   From |amsart|
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\let\@xp=\expandafter
+\let\@nx=\noexpand
+\long\def\@ifempty#1{\@xifempty#1@@..\@nil}
+\long\def\@xifempty#1#2@#3#4#5\@nil{%
+  \ifx#3#4\@xp\@firstoftwo\else\@xp\@secondoftwo\fi}
+\long\def\@ifnotempty#1{\@ifempty{#1}{}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\nxandlist}
+%   This is from |amsart|:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newtoks\@emptytoks
+\def\@andlista#1#2\and#3\and{\@andlistc{#2}\@ifnotempty{#3}{%
+  \@andlistb#1{#3}}}
+\def\@andlistb#1#2#3#4#5\and{%
+  \@ifempty{#5}{%
+    \@andlistc{#2#4}%
+  }{%
+    \@andlistc{#1#4}\@andlistb{#1}{#3}{#3}{#5}%
+  }}
+\let\@andlistc\@iden
+\newcommand{\nxandlist}[4]{%
+  \def\@andlistc##1{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@##1}}%
+  \toks@{\toks@\@emptytoks \@andlista{{#1}{#2}{#3}}}%
+  \the\@xp\toks@#4\and\and
+  \edef#4{\the\toks@}%
+  \let\@andlistc\@iden}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\@@and}
+%   The final `and' in the list
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@@and{and}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\author@andify}
+%   Again |amsart|
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\author@andify{%
+  \nxandlist {\unskip ,\penalty-1 \space\ignorespaces}%
+    {\unskip {} \@@and~}%
+    {\unskip ,\penalty-2 \space\@@and~}%
+}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+%\subsection{Options}
+%\label{sec:options}
+%
+% We use |xkeyval|: right now our options do not have values, but we
+% may change this.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% \begin{macro}{AFP@OptionWarning}
+%   We disable some options and issue a warning:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AFP@OptionWarning#1{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{The option #1 is
+    not used for afparticle.  I will silently ignore it}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+% The suppressed options:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareOptionX{3p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{5p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{authoryear}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{number}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{sort&compress}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% All non-suppressed options are passed to |elsarticle|:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareOptionX*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{elsarticle}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% And executing options:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ProcessOptionsX
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+%
+%\subsection{Loading Classes and Packages}
+%\label{sec:classes}
+%
+% We want to prevent loading of natbib
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\@namedef{ver@natbib.sty}{}
+\@namedef{opt@natbib.sty}{round,authoryear}
+\newlength\bibsep
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We use |elasrticle| since it has nice features for front matter:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\LoadClass[1p,authoryear,round]{elsarticle}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We need |lastpage| for last page calculations, |fancyhdr| for our
+% headings, |hyperref| for references and |caption| for caption
+% formatting. 
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\RequirePackage{lastpage,fancyhdr}
+\RequirePackage{caption}
+\RequirePackage{booktabs}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage[hyperfootnotes=false,colorlinks,allcolors=blue]{hyperref}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% And now we do want natbib!
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\expandafter\let\csname ver@natbib.sty\endcsname=\@undefined
+\let\bibsep=\@undefined
+\RequirePackage[natbibapa]{apacite}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+%
+%\subsection{Front Matter}
+%\label{sec:frontmatter}
+% 
+% \begin{macro}{\abstract}
+%   We do not use the word ``abstract'' for abstract
+\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
+  \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+  \noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
+ {\egroup}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\tnoteref}
+%   This macro is disabled.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\tnoteref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{tnoteref}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\corref}
+%   This macro is disabled.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\corref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{corref}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\fnref}
+%   This macro is disabled.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\fnref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{fnref}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\title}
+%   This is from |amsart|:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\renewcommand*{\title}[2][]{\gdef\shorttitle{#1}\gdef\@title{#2}}
+\edef\title{\@nx\@dblarg
+  \@xp\@nx\csname\string\title\endcsname}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ifAFP@corrauthor}
+%   This checks whether this author is the coresponding author
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\ifAFP@corrauthor
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\authors}
+%   We store in \cs{authors} the list of authors separated by
+%   \cs{and}.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\authors{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\shortauthors}
+%   Initially we define \cs{shortauthors} as \cs{authors}, but the
+%   user can redefine it.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\shortauthors{\authors}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\author}
+%   First, check whether this author is the corresponding author.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\author{%
+  \@ifstar{\AFP@corrauthortrue\AFP@author}{\AFP@corrauthorfalse\AFP@author}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\AFP@author}
+%   The macro \cs{AFP@author} is our version of the standard
+%   \cs{autor} macro
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AFP@author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@@author}
+%   This typesets an author with some footnotes
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@@author[#1]#2{%
+  \ifx\@empty\authors
+      \gdef\authors{#2}%
+  \else
+    \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#2}%
+  \fi
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \normalsize\upshape
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \authorsep#2\unskip}%
+  \ifAFP@corrauthor
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$,}}\fi
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \textsuperscript{%#1%
+      \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
+        \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
+        \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
+      \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
+      \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
+    }%
+    \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+    \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
+    \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
+  \@eadauthor={#2}
+}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@author}
+%   No footnote marks after the author:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@author#1{%
+  \ifx\@empty\authors
+     \gdef\authors{#1}%
+  \else
+    \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#1}%
+  \fi
+ \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \upshape\authorsep#1}
+  \ifAFP@corrauthor
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$}}\fi
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+    \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
+    \global\let\sep\@empty}%
+    \@eadauthor={#1}
+}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@address}
+% \changes{v1.0}{2014/08/18}{Added macro}
+%   We redefine |elsarticle| macro to change the vertical spacing
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}\def\addsep{\par\vskip4pt}%
+    \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1%
+    \def\authorsep{\par\vskip16pt}}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+% The next lines are from |resphilosophica| class
+% \begin{macro}{\paperUrl}
+%   The url to submit to crossref
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\paperUrl#1{\gdef\@paperUrl{#1}}
+\paperUrl{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\@mainrpi}
+%   The stream for the rpi file:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newwrite\@mainrpi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\RESP@write@paper@info}
+%   This writes the information about the paper into the file
+%   |jobname.rpi|.  Note that hyperref makes our life a little bit
+%   more complex
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\RESP@write@paper@info{%
+  \bgroup
+  \if@filesw
+     \openout\@mainrpi\jobname.rpi%
+     \write\@mainrpi{\relax}%
+    \ifx\r@LastPage\@undefined
+       \edef\@tempa{\start@page}%
+    \else
+       \def\@tempb##1##2##3##4##5{##2}%
+       \edef\@tempa{\expandafter\@tempb\r@LastPage}%
+    \fi
+    \def\and{\string\and\space}%
+    \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\string\articleentry{\authors}{\@title}{\start@page}{\@tempa}}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  The next lines are for crossref software
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar authors=\authors}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar title=\@title}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar year=\currentyear}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar volume=\currentvolume}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar issue=\currentissue}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar paper=\currentpaper}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar startpage=\start@page}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar endpage=\@tempa}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar doi=\@doinumber}%
+   \ifx\@paperUrl\@empty\else
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar paperUrl=\@paperUrl}%
+   \fi
+    \closeout\@mainrpi
+    \fi
+\egroup}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\maketitle}
+% \changes{v1.0}{2014/08/18}{Moved the text down}
+%   Our macro is simpler than that of |elsarticle|, since we have
+%   fewer options.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\maketitle{%
+  \null\bigskip\par
+  \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+     \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+     \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+     \printFirstPageNotes
+     \box0%
+   \else
+       \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+   \fi
+   \RESP@write@paper@info
+   \author@andify\authors
+   \xdef\authors{\authors}%
+   \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+   \thispagestyle{firstpagestyle}%
+}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\volumenumber}
+%   This sets the volume of the paper
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\volumenumber#1{\gdef\currentvolume{#1}}
+\volumenumber{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\issuenumber}
+%   This sets the issue of the paper:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\issuenumber#1{\gdef\currentissue{#1}}
+\issuenumber{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\publicationyear}
+%   This sets the year of the paper
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\publicationyear#1{\gdef\currentyear{#1}}
+\publicationyear{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\publicationmonth}
+%   This sets the month of the paper
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\publicationmonth[2][]{\gdef\currentmonth{#2}%
+  \gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#1}%
+  \ifx\abbrevcurrentmonth\@empty\gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#2}\fi}
+\publicationmonth{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\papernumber}
+%   This is absent from the |\issueinfo|.  
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\papernumber#1{\gdef\currentpaper{#1}}
+\papernumber{0000}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\doinumber}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\doinumber#1{\gdef\@doinumber{#1}}
+\doinumber{123.4567/archivesforensicpsychology.\currentyear.\currentvolume.\currentissue.\currentpaper}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% 
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\startpage}
+%   This defines the starting page of the paper.  We have some nice
+%   features to set up roman page numbers for editorial
+%   stuff---probably not needed for this journal at this time\dots
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\startpage#1{\pagenumbering{arabic}\setcounter{page}{#1}%
+  \gdef\start@page{#1}%
+  \ifnum\c@page<\z@ \pagenumbering{roman}\setcounter{page}{-#1}%
+    \gdef\start@page{\romannumeral#1}%
+  \fi}
+%    \end{macrocode}   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\endpage}
+%   This macro again has a twist in it: if the argument is not set, it
+%   calculates the last page number itself.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\endpage#1{\def\@tempa{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty\def\end@page{\pageref{LastPage}}%
+  \else\def\end@page{#1}\fi}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\pagespan}
+%   This macro is different from the one provided by |amsart|
+%   because we want to have the option of automatic calculation of the
+%   last page number.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\pagespan#1#2{\startpage{#1}\endpage{#2}}
+\pagespan{1}{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\articleentry}
+%   This is necessary for |\prevpaper| command.  We read the TOC entry
+%   from the previous paper and increment it by 1.  Note that we
+%   always start with on an odd page, since the additional check
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\articleentry#1#2#3#4{\@tempcnta=#4\relax
+  \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax
+  \ifodd\the\@tempcnta\else\advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax\fi
+  \startpage{\the\@tempcnta}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\prevpaper}
+%   This sets the previous paper location and reads the information
+%   from the previous paper
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\prevpaper#1{\IfFileExists{#1.rpi}{%
+    \ClassInfo{afparticle}{%
+      Reading first page number from the file #1.rpi}%
+    \input{#1.rpi}%
+  }{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{Cannot find the file #1.rpi.  
+      Did you run latex on the previous paper?}}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+%\subsection{Back Matter}
+%\label{sec:back}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\AFP@backmatter}
+%   The technical information about the paper.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AFP@backmatter{}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\received}
+%   Date of receiving
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\received#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Received: #1\\}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\revised}
+%   Date of receiving a revision
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\revised#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Revision Received: #1\\}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\accepted}
+%   Date of acceptance
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\accepted#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Accepted: #1\\}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% \begin{macro}{\printbackmatter}
+%   Print the back matter
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\printbackmatter{\ifx\AFP@backmatter\@empty\else\medskip
+  \begin{flushright}%
+    \AFP@backmatter
+  \end{flushright}%
+\fi}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%\subsection{Page styles}
+%\label{sec:styles}
+%
+% In |preprint| mode |elsarticle| uses one side style.  We want to
+% override this:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{\@twosidetrue}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% \begin{macro}{\footskip}
+%   We want generous \cs{footskip}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\setlength\footskip{40\p@}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+% 
+% \begin{macro}{\headrulewidth}
+% \begin{macro}{\footrulewidth}
+%   We do not want decorative rules in the journal:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
+\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{standardpagestyle}
+%   The page style for all pages but the first one
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\fancypagestyle{standardpagestyle}{%
+  \fancyhead{}%
+  \fancyfoot{}%
+  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
+  \fancyhead[CE]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shortauthors}}%
+  \fancyhead[CO]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shorttitle}}%
+}
+\pagestyle{standardpagestyle}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{firstpagestyle}
+%   The page style for the first page
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\fancypagestyle{firstpagestyle}{%
+  \fancyhead{}%
+  \fancyfoot{}%
+  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
+  \fancyhead[L]{\small Archives of Forensic Research\\
+    \currentyear, Vol.~\currentvolume, No.~\currentissue,
+    \thepage--\end@page}%
+   \fancyhead[R]{\small\textcopyright~\currentyear\ Global Institute of
+     Forensic Research\\ISBN~2334-2749}%
+}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+%\subsection{Paragraphing}
+%\label{sec:paras}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\parindent}
+%   We want generous indents
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\setlength\parindent{2em}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+%\subsection{Sectioning}
+%\label{sec:sectioning}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{secnumdepth}
+%   We do not number sections
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\section}
+%   We center our sections:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+           {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\centering\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\subsection}
+%   Our subsections look like sections, but flushed left
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+           {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\subsubsection}
+%   Our subsubsections are italicized and written on the same line as
+%   the text.  Also, they end with dots.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{0\z@}%
+           {0\z@}%
+           {-6\p@}%
+           {\normalfont\hspace*{\parindent}\itshape\@addfinaldot}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@addfinaldot}
+%   Add a dot after a text
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@addfinaldot#1{#1.}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   
+% \end{macro}
+%
+%
+%\subsection{Floats}
+%\label{sec:floats}
+% \changes{v1.0}{2014/08/18}{Centered captions}
+% Setting up table captions
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareCaptionLabelSeparator{periodNewline}{.\\}
+\captionsetup[table]{position=top, format=plain,
+  labelsep=periodNewline, justification=centering,
+  singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, textfont=it}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% Setting up figure captions
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom, format=plain,
+  labelsep=period, justification=centering,
+  singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, labelfont=it}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+%
+%\subsection{Final Words}
+%\label{sec:finis}
+%
+%
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\normalsize\normalfont
+%</class>
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\Finale
+%\clearpage
+%
+%\PrintChanges
+%\clearpage
+%\PrintIndex
+%
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.ins b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.ins
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3badd737973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.ins
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+%
+% Docstrip file for afparticle
+% This file is in public domain
+% $Id: afparticle.ins,v 1.1 2014-07-16 22:18:28 boris Exp $
+%
+\def\batchfile{afparticle.ins}
+\input docstrip
+\keepsilent
+\showprogress
+
+
+\askforoverwritefalse
+
+\generate{%
+  \file{afparticle.cls}{\from{afparticle.dtx}{class}}}
+
+\obeyspaces
+\Msg{*****************************************************}%
+\Msg{* Congratulations!  You successfully  generated the *}%
+\Msg{* afparticle package.                               *}%
+\Msg{*                                                   *}%
+\Msg{* Please move afparticle.cls to the place for LaTeX *}%
+\Msg{* files in your system.  The manual is in the file  *}%
+\Msg{* afparticle.pdf.                                   *}%
+\Msg{*                                                   *}%
+\Msg{* The package is released under LPPL                *}%
+\Msg{*                                                   *}%
+\Msg{* Happy TeXing!                                     *}%
+\Msg{*****************************************************}%
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/afparticle/afparticle.cls b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/afparticle/afparticle.cls
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55bc4757ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/afparticle/afparticle.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `afparticle.cls',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% afparticle.dtx  (with options: `class')
+%% 
+%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+%% 
+%% For the copyright see the source file.
+%% 
+%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
+%% with new filenames distinct from afparticle.cls.
+%% 
+%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
+%% for copying and modification in the file afparticle.dtx.
+%% 
+%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
+%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
+%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
+%% in the same archive or directory.)
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{afparticle}
+[2014/07/18 v1.0 Typesetting articles for Archives of Forensic Psychology]
+\def\AFP@DisableMacro#1{\ClassError{afparticle}{The macro
+    \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
+    is disabled}{The command
+    \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
+    is introduced in the
+    elsarticle class.\MessageBreak  It is disabled in afpartcile
+    class}}
+\let\@xp=\expandafter
+\let\@nx=\noexpand
+\long\def\@ifempty#1{\@xifempty#1@@..\@nil}
+\long\def\@xifempty#1#2@#3#4#5\@nil{%
+  \ifx#3#4\@xp\@firstoftwo\else\@xp\@secondoftwo\fi}
+\long\def\@ifnotempty#1{\@ifempty{#1}{}}
+\newtoks\@emptytoks
+\def\@andlista#1#2\and#3\and{\@andlistc{#2}\@ifnotempty{#3}{%
+  \@andlistb#1{#3}}}
+\def\@andlistb#1#2#3#4#5\and{%
+  \@ifempty{#5}{%
+    \@andlistc{#2#4}%
+  }{%
+    \@andlistc{#1#4}\@andlistb{#1}{#3}{#3}{#5}%
+  }}
+\let\@andlistc\@iden
+\newcommand{\nxandlist}[4]{%
+  \def\@andlistc##1{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@##1}}%
+  \toks@{\toks@\@emptytoks \@andlista{{#1}{#2}{#3}}}%
+  \the\@xp\toks@#4\and\and
+  \edef#4{\the\toks@}%
+  \let\@andlistc\@iden}
+\def\@@and{and}
+\def\author@andify{%
+  \nxandlist {\unskip ,\penalty-1 \space\ignorespaces}%
+    {\unskip {} \@@and~}%
+    {\unskip ,\penalty-2 \space\@@and~}%
+}
+\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
+\def\AFP@OptionWarning#1{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{The option #1 is
+    not used for afparticle.  I will silently ignore it}}
+\DeclareOptionX{3p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{5p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{authoryear}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{number}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX{sort&compress}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
+\DeclareOptionX*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{elsarticle}}
+\ProcessOptionsX
+\@namedef{ver@natbib.sty}{}
+\@namedef{opt@natbib.sty}{round,authoryear}
+\newlength\bibsep
+\LoadClass[1p,authoryear,round]{elsarticle}
+\RequirePackage{lastpage,fancyhdr}
+\RequirePackage{caption}
+\RequirePackage{booktabs}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage[hyperfootnotes=false,colorlinks,allcolors=blue]{hyperref}
+\expandafter\let\csname ver@natbib.sty\endcsname=\@undefined
+\let\bibsep=\@undefined
+\RequirePackage[natbibapa]{apacite}
+\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
+  \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+  \noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
+ {\egroup}
+\def\tnoteref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{tnoteref}}
+\def\corref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{corref}}
+\def\fnref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{fnref}}
+\renewcommand*{\title}[2][]{\gdef\shorttitle{#1}\gdef\@title{#2}}
+\edef\title{\@nx\@dblarg
+  \@xp\@nx\csname\string\title\endcsname}
+\newif\ifAFP@corrauthor
+\def\authors{}
+\def\shortauthors{\authors}
+\def\author{%
+  \@ifstar{\AFP@corrauthortrue\AFP@author}{\AFP@corrauthorfalse\AFP@author}}
+\def\AFP@author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
+\def\@@author[#1]#2{%
+  \ifx\@empty\authors
+      \gdef\authors{#2}%
+  \else
+    \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#2}%
+  \fi
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \normalsize\upshape
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \authorsep#2\unskip}%
+  \ifAFP@corrauthor
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$,}}\fi
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \textsuperscript{%#1%
+      \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
+        \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
+        \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
+      \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
+      \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
+    }%
+    \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+    \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
+    \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
+  \@eadauthor={#2}
+}
+\def\@author#1{%
+  \ifx\@empty\authors
+     \gdef\authors{#1}%
+  \else
+    \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#1}%
+  \fi
+ \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \upshape\authorsep#1}
+  \ifAFP@corrauthor
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$}}\fi
+  \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+    \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
+    \global\let\sep\@empty}%
+    \@eadauthor={#1}
+}
+\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}\def\addsep{\par\vskip4pt}%
+    \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1%
+    \def\authorsep{\par\vskip16pt}}}
+\def\paperUrl#1{\gdef\@paperUrl{#1}}
+\paperUrl{}
+\newwrite\@mainrpi
+\def\RESP@write@paper@info{%
+  \bgroup
+  \if@filesw
+     \openout\@mainrpi\jobname.rpi%
+     \write\@mainrpi{\relax}%
+    \ifx\r@LastPage\@undefined
+       \edef\@tempa{\start@page}%
+    \else
+       \def\@tempb##1##2##3##4##5{##2}%
+       \edef\@tempa{\expandafter\@tempb\r@LastPage}%
+    \fi
+    \def\and{\string\and\space}%
+    \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\string\articleentry{\authors}{\@title}{\start@page}{\@tempa}}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar authors=\authors}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar title=\@title}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar year=\currentyear}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar volume=\currentvolume}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar issue=\currentissue}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar paper=\currentpaper}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar startpage=\start@page}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar endpage=\@tempa}%
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar doi=\@doinumber}%
+   \ifx\@paperUrl\@empty\else
+   \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
+    {\@percentchar paperUrl=\@paperUrl}%
+   \fi
+    \closeout\@mainrpi
+    \fi
+\egroup}
+\def\maketitle{%
+  \null\bigskip\par
+  \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+     \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+     \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+     \printFirstPageNotes
+     \box0%
+   \else
+       \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+   \fi
+   \RESP@write@paper@info
+   \author@andify\authors
+   \xdef\authors{\authors}%
+   \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+   \thispagestyle{firstpagestyle}%
+}
+\def\volumenumber#1{\gdef\currentvolume{#1}}
+\volumenumber{}
+\def\issuenumber#1{\gdef\currentissue{#1}}
+\issuenumber{}
+\def\publicationyear#1{\gdef\currentyear{#1}}
+\publicationyear{}
+\newcommand\publicationmonth[2][]{\gdef\currentmonth{#2}%
+  \gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#1}%
+  \ifx\abbrevcurrentmonth\@empty\gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#2}\fi}
+\publicationmonth{}
+\def\papernumber#1{\gdef\currentpaper{#1}}
+\papernumber{0000}
+\def\doinumber#1{\gdef\@doinumber{#1}}
+\doinumber{123.4567/archivesforensicpsychology.\currentyear.\currentvolume.\currentissue.\currentpaper}
+\def\startpage#1{\pagenumbering{arabic}\setcounter{page}{#1}%
+  \gdef\start@page{#1}%
+  \ifnum\c@page<\z@ \pagenumbering{roman}\setcounter{page}{-#1}%
+    \gdef\start@page{\romannumeral#1}%
+  \fi}
+\def\endpage#1{\def\@tempa{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty\def\end@page{\pageref{LastPage}}%
+  \else\def\end@page{#1}\fi}
+\def\pagespan#1#2{\startpage{#1}\endpage{#2}}
+\pagespan{1}{}
+\def\articleentry#1#2#3#4{\@tempcnta=#4\relax
+  \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax
+  \ifodd\the\@tempcnta\else\advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax\fi
+  \startpage{\the\@tempcnta}}
+\def\prevpaper#1{\IfFileExists{#1.rpi}{%
+    \ClassInfo{afparticle}{%
+      Reading first page number from the file #1.rpi}%
+    \input{#1.rpi}%
+  }{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{Cannot find the file #1.rpi.
+      Did you run latex on the previous paper?}}}
+\def\AFP@backmatter{}
+\def\received#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Received: #1\\}}
+\def\revised#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Revision Received: #1\\}}
+\def\accepted#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Accepted: #1\\}}
+\def\printbackmatter{\ifx\AFP@backmatter\@empty\else\medskip
+  \begin{flushright}%
+    \AFP@backmatter
+  \end{flushright}%
+\fi}
+\AtBeginDocument{\@twosidetrue}
+\setlength\footskip{40\p@}
+\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
+\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
+\fancypagestyle{standardpagestyle}{%
+  \fancyhead{}%
+  \fancyfoot{}%
+  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
+  \fancyhead[CE]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shortauthors}}%
+  \fancyhead[CO]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shorttitle}}%
+}
+\pagestyle{standardpagestyle}
+\fancypagestyle{firstpagestyle}{%
+  \fancyhead{}%
+  \fancyfoot{}%
+  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
+  \fancyhead[L]{\small Archives of Forensic Research\\
+    \currentyear, Vol.~\currentvolume, No.~\currentissue,
+    \thepage--\end@page}%
+   \fancyhead[R]{\small\textcopyright~\currentyear\ Global Institute of
+     Forensic Research\\ISBN~2334-2749}%
+}
+\setlength\parindent{2em}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+           {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\centering\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+           {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{0\z@}%
+           {0\z@}%
+           {-6\p@}%
+           {\normalfont\hspace*{\parindent}\itshape\@addfinaldot}}
+\def\@addfinaldot#1{#1.}
+\DeclareCaptionLabelSeparator{periodNewline}{.\\}
+\captionsetup[table]{position=top, format=plain,
+  labelsep=periodNewline, justification=centering,
+  singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, textfont=it}
+\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom, format=plain,
+  labelsep=period, justification=centering,
+  singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, labelfont=it}
+\normalsize\normalfont
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `afparticle.cls'.
author	Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>	2014-08-26 17:34:04 +0000
committer	Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>	2014-08-26 17:34:04 +0000
commit	c2e885c397eeb506ca60c0876acefe8998a75aa9 (patch)
tree	82d4c9ac4e09e68ceed87033dd07251d365542e5 /Master/texmf-dist
parent	6c4cd2ab2f8d1ebe3a051d700c3005d73eefe04c (diff)