lollipop, new format

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@33658 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

1 files changed, 1237 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/lollipop/lollipop-plain.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/lollipop/lollipop-plain.tex
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+% This is lollipop-plain.tex, the version of plain.tex adapted to the
+% Lollipop format of Victor Eijkhout and Vafa Khalighi. 
+% copyright 1991/92 Victor Eijkhout
+% copyright 2014 Vafa Khalighi
+%
+%
+%    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+%    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+%    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+%    (at your option) any later version.
+%
+%    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+%    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+%    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+%    GNU General Public License for more details.
+%
+%    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+%    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+%
+%
+
+\catcode`\{=1 % left brace is begin-group character
+\catcode`\}=2 % right brace is end-group character
+\catcode`\$=3 % dollar sign is math shift
+\catcode`\&=4 % ampersand is alignment tab
+\catcode`\#=6 % hash mark is macro parameter character
+\catcode`\^=7 \catcode`\^^K=7 % circumflex and uparrow are for superscripts
+\catcode`\_=8 \catcode`\^^A=8 % underline and downarrow are for subscripts
+\catcode`\^^I=10 % ascii tab is a blank space
+\chardef\active=13 \catcode`\~=\active % tilde is active
+\chardef\ignored=9 \chardef\other=12
+\catcode`\^^L=\active \outer\def^^L{\par} % ascii form-feed is "\outer\par"
+
+% We had to define the \catcodes right away, before the message line,
+% since \message uses the { and } characters.
+% When INITEX (the TeX initializer) starts up,
+% it has defined the following \catcode values:
+% \catcode`\^^@=9 % ascii null is ignored
+% \catcode`\^^M=5 % ascii return is end-line
+% \catcode`\\=0 % backslash is TeX escape character
+% \catcode`\%=14 % percent sign is comment character
+% \catcode`\ =10 % ascii space is blank space
+% \catcode`\^^?=15 % ascii delete is invalid
+% \catcode`\A=11 ... \catcode`\Z=11 % uppercase letters
+% \catcode`\a=11 ... \catcode`\z=11 % lowercase letters
+% all others are type 12 (other)
+ 
+% INITEX sets up \mathcode x=x, for x=0..127, except that
+% \mathcode x=x+"7100, for x = `A to `Z and `a to `z;
+% \mathcode x=x+"7000, for x = `0 to `9.
+% The following changes define internal codes as recommended
+% in Appendix C of The TeXbook:
+\mathcode`\^^@="2201 % \cdot
+\mathcode`\^^A="3223 % \downarrow
+\mathcode`\^^B="010B % \alpha
+\mathcode`\^^C="010C % \beta
+\mathcode`\^^D="225E % \land
+\mathcode`\^^E="023A % \lnot
+\mathcode`\^^F="3232 % \in
+\mathcode`\^^G="0119 % \pi
+\mathcode`\^^H="0115 % \lambda
+\mathcode`\^^I="010D % \gamma
+\mathcode`\^^J="010E % \delta
+\mathcode`\^^K="3222 % \uparrow
+\mathcode`\^^L="2206 % \pm
+\mathcode`\^^M="2208 % \oplus
+\mathcode`\^^N="0231 % \infty
+\mathcode`\^^O="0140 % \partial
+\mathcode`\^^P="321A % \subset
+\mathcode`\^^Q="321B % \supset
+\mathcode`\^^R="225C % \cap
+\mathcode`\^^S="225B % \cup
+\mathcode`\^^T="0238 % \forall
+\mathcode`\^^U="0239 % \exists
+\mathcode`\^^V="220A % \otimes
+\mathcode`\^^W="3224 % \leftrightarrow
+\mathcode`\^^X="3220 % \leftarrow
+\mathcode`\^^Y="3221 % \rightarrow
+\mathcode`\^^Z="8000 % \ne
+\mathcode`\^^[="2205 % \diamond
+\mathcode`\^^\="3214 % \le
+\mathcode`\^^]="3215 % \ge
+\mathcode`\^^^="3211 % \equiv
+\mathcode`\^^_="225F % \lor
+\mathcode`\ ="8000 % \space
+\mathcode`\!="5021
+\mathcode`\'="8000 % ^\prime
+\mathcode`\(="4028
+\mathcode`\)="5029
+\mathcode`\*="2203 % \ast
+\mathcode`\+="202B
+\mathcode`\,="613B
+\mathcode`\-="2200
+\mathcode`\.="013A
+\mathcode`\/="013D
+\mathcode`\:="303A
+\mathcode`\;="603B
+\mathcode`\<="313C
+\mathcode`\=="303D
+\mathcode`\>="313E
+\mathcode`\?="503F
+\mathcode`\[="405B
+\mathcode`\\="026E % \backslash
+\mathcode`\]="505D
+\mathcode`\_="8000 % \_
+\mathcode`\{="4266
+\mathcode`\|="026A
+\mathcode`\}="5267
+\mathcode`\^^?="1273 % \smallint
+ 
+% INITEX sets \uccode`x=`X and \uccode `X=`X for all letters x,
+% and \lccode`x=`x, \lccode`X=`x; all other values are zero.
+% No changes to those tables are needed in plain TeX format.
+ 
+% INITEX sets \sfcode x=1000 for all x, except that \sfcode`X=999
+% for uppercase letters. The following changes are needed:
+\sfcode`\)=0 \sfcode`\'=0 \sfcode`\]=0
+% The \nonfrenchspacing macro will make further changes to \sfcode values.
+ 
+% Finally, INITEX sets all \delcode values to -1, except \delcode`.=0
+\delcode`\(="028300
+\delcode`\)="029301
+\delcode`\[="05B302
+\delcode`\]="05D303
+\delcode`\<="26830A
+\delcode`\>="26930B
+\delcode`\/="02F30E
+\delcode`\|="26A30C
+\delcode`\\="26E30F
+% N.B. { and } should NOT get delcodes; otherwise parameter grouping fails!
+ 
+% To make the plain macros more efficient in time and space,
+% several constant values are declared here as control sequences.
+% If they were changed, anything could happen; so they are private symbols.
+\chardef\@ne=1
+\chardef\tw@=2
+\chardef\thr@@=3
+\chardef\sixt@@n=16
+\chardef\@cclv=255
+\mathchardef\@cclvi=256
+\mathchardef\@m=1000
+\mathchardef\@M=10000
+\mathchardef\@MM=20000
+ 
+% Allocation of registers
+ 
+% Here are macros for the automatic allocation of \count, \box, \dimen,
+% \skip, \muskip, and \toks registers, as well as \read and \write
+% stream numbers, \fam codes, \language codes, and \insert numbers.
+ 
+% When a register is used only temporarily, it need not be allocated;
+% grouping can be used, making the value previously in the register return
+% after the close of the group.  The main use of these macros is for
+% registers that are defined by one macro and used by others, possibly at
+% different nesting levels.  All such registers should be defined through
+% these macros; otherwise conflicts may occur, especially when two or more
+% macro packages are being used at once.
+ 
+% The following counters are reserved:
+%   0 to 9  page numbering
+%       10  count allocation
+%       11  dimen allocation
+%       12  skip allocation
+%       13  muskip allocation
+%       14  box allocation
+%       15  toks allocation
+%       16  read file allocation
+%       17  write file allocation
+%       18  math family allocation
+%       19  language allocation
+%       20  insert allocation
+%       21  the most recently allocated number
+%       22  constant -1
+% New counters are allocated starting with 23, 24, etc.  Other registers are
+% allocated starting with 10.  This leaves 0 through 9 for the user to play
+% with safely, except that counts 0 to 9 are considered to be the page and
+% subpage numbers (since they are displayed during output). In this scheme,
+% \count 10 always contains the number of the highest-numbered counter that
+% has been allocated, \count 14 the highest-numbered box, etc.
+% Inserts are given numbers 254, 253, etc., since they require a \count,
+% \dimen, \skip, and \box all with the same number; \count 20 contains the
+% lowest-numbered insert that has been allocated. Of course, \box255 is
+% reserved for \output; \count255, \dimen255, and \skip255 can be used freely.
+ 
+% It is recommended that macro designers always use
+% \global assignments with respect to registers numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and
+% always non-\global assignments with respect to registers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 255.
+% This will prevent ``save stack buildup'' that might otherwise occur.
+ 
+\count10=22 % allocates \count registers 23, 24, ...
+\count11=9 % allocates \dimen registers 10, 11, ...
+\count12=9 % allocates \skip registers 10, 11, ...
+\count13=9 % allocates \muskip registers 10, 11, ...
+\count14=9 % allocates \box registers 10, 11, ...
+\count15=9 % allocates \toks registers 10, 11, ...
+\count16=-1 % allocates input streams 0, 1, ...
+\count17=-1 % allocates output streams 0, 1, ...
+\count18=3 % allocates math families 4, 5, ...
+\count19=0 % allocates \language codes 1, 2, ...
+\count20=255 % allocates insertions 254, 253, ...
+\countdef\insc@unt=20 % the insertion counter
+\countdef\allocationnumber=21 % the most recent allocation
+\countdef\m@ne=22 \m@ne=-1 % a handy constant
+\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} % write on log file (only)
+ 
+% Here are abbreviations for the names of scratch registers
+% that don't need to be allocated.
+ 
+\countdef\count@=255
+\dimendef\dimen@=0
+\dimendef\dimen@i=1 % global only
+\dimendef\dimen@ii=2
+\skipdef\skip@=0
+\toksdef\toks@=0
+ 
+% Now, we define \newcount, \newbox, etc. so that you can say \newcount\foo
+% and \foo will be defined (with \countdef) to be the next counter.
+% To find out which counter \foo is, you can look at \allocationnumber.
+% Since there's no \boxdef command, \chardef is used to define a \newbox,
+% \newinsert, \newfam, and so on.
+
+% Be able to save the allocation state. Write streams are
+% excepted from this.
+\def\SaveAlloc{\xdef\RestoreAlloc
+   {\begingroup\globaldefs=1
+    \count10=\the\count10 \count11=\the\count11 \count12=\the\count12
+    \count13=\the\count13 \count14=\the\count14 \count15=\the\count15
+    \count16=\the\count16 %\count17=\the\count17 
+    \count18=\the\count18
+    \endgroup}} 
+%LP no longer outer; switch off trace in these macros
+\def\@@newcount{\alloc@0\count\countdef\insc@unt}
+\def\@@newdimen{\alloc@1\dimen\dimendef\insc@unt}
+\def\@@newskip{\alloc@2\skip\skipdef\insc@unt}
+\def\@@newmuskip{\alloc@3\muskip\muskipdef\@cclvi}
+\def\@@newbox{\alloc@4\box\chardef\insc@unt}
+\let\newtoks\relax
+\let\@@newtoks=\relax % we do this to allow plain.tex to be read in twice
+\def\@@newhelp#1#2{\newtoks#1#1\expandafter{\csname#2\endcsname}}
+\def\@@newtoks{\alloc@5\toks\toksdef\@cclvi}
+\def\@@newread{\alloc@6\read\chardef\sixt@@n}
+\def\@@newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}
+\def\@@newfam{\alloc@8\fam\chardef\sixt@@n}
+\def\@@newlanguage{\alloc@9\language\chardef\@cclvi}
+
+\def\newcount#1{\@TM@s\@@newcount#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newdimen#1{\@TM@s\@@newdimen#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newskip#1{\@TM@s\@@newskip#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newmuskip#1{\@TM@s\@@newmuskip#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newbox#1{\@TM@s\@@newbox#1\@TM@r}
+\let\newtoks=\relax % we do this to allow plain.tex to be read in twice
+\def\newhelp#1#2{\@TM@s\@@newhelp#1#2\@TM@r}
+\def\newtoks#1{\@TM@s\@@newtoks#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newread#1{\@TM@s\@@newread#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newwrite#1{\@TM@s\@@newwrite#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newfam#1{\@TM@s\@@newfam#1\@TM@r}
+\def\newlanguage#1{\@TM@s\@@newlanguage#1\@TM@r}
+\def\alloc@#1#2#3#4#5{\global\advance\count1#1by\@ne
+  \ch@ck#1#4#2% make sure there's still room
+  \allocationnumber=\count1#1%
+  \global#3#5=\allocationnumber
+  \wlog{\string#5=\string#2\the\allocationnumber}}
+\def\newinsert#1{\global\advance\insc@unt by\m@ne
+  \ch@ck0\insc@unt\count
+  \ch@ck1\insc@unt\dimen
+  \ch@ck2\insc@unt\skip
+  \ch@ck4\insc@unt\box
+  \allocationnumber=\insc@unt
+  \global\chardef#1=\allocationnumber
+  \wlog{\string#1=\string\insert\the\allocationnumber}}
+\def\ch@ck#1#2#3{\ifnum\count1#1<#2%
+  \else\errmessage{No room for a new #3}\fi}
+
+%% trace
+{\def\newcount{\alloc@0\count\countdef\insc@unt}
+ \def\newdimen{\alloc@1\dimen\dimendef\insc@unt}
+\newcount\@TM@c \newcount\@TC@c
+\newdimen\z@ \global\z@=0pt}
+\def\@TM@s{\@TC@c\tracingcommands \tracingcommands\z@
+           \@TM@c\tracingmacros \tracingmacros\z@
+           \relax}
+\def\@TM@r{\tracingmacros\@TM@c \tracingcommands\@TC@c}
+\let\x@TM@s\@TM@s \let\x@TM@r\@TM@r
+ 
+% Here are some examples of allocation.
+\newdimen\maxdimen \maxdimen=16383.99999pt % the largest legal <dimen>
+\newskip\hideskip \hideskip=-1000pt plus 1fill % negative but can grow
+\newskip\centering \centering=0pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt
+\newdimen\p@ \p@=1pt % this saves macro space and time
+%V \newdimen\z@ \z@=0pt % naar boven
+\newskip\z@skip \z@skip=0pt plus0pt minus0pt
+\newbox\voidb@x % permanently void box register
+ 
+% And here's a different sort of allocation:
+% For example, \newif\iffoo creates \footrue, \foofalse to go with \iffoo.
+\def\newif#1{%\@TM@s 
+  \count@\escapechar \escapechar\m@ne
+  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
+   \xdef\@if#1{yes}{\let\noexpand#1=\noexpand\iftrue}%
+  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
+   \xdef\@if#1{true}{\let\noexpand#1=\noexpand\iftrue}%
+  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
+   \xdef\@if#1{no}{\let\noexpand#1=\noexpand\iffalse}%
+  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
+   \xdef\@if#1{false}{\let\noexpand#1=\noexpand\iffalse}%
+  \global\@if#1{no}% the condition starts out false
+  \escapechar\count@
+%  \@TM@r
+}
+\def\@if#1#2{\csname\expandafter\if@\string#1#2\endcsname}
+{\uccode`1=`i \uccode`2=`f \uppercase{\gdef\if@12{}}} % `if' is required
+
+
+% Assign initial values to TeX's parameters
+ 
+% All of TeX's numeric parameters are listed here,
+% but the code is commented out if no special value needs to be set.
+% INITEX makes all parameters zero except where noted.
+
+\pretolerance=100
+\tolerance=200 % INITEX sets this to 10000
+\hbadness=1000
+\vbadness=1000
+\linepenalty=10
+\hyphenpenalty=50
+\exhyphenpenalty=50
+\binoppenalty=700
+\relpenalty=500
+\clubpenalty=150
+\widowpenalty=150
+\displaywidowpenalty=50
+\brokenpenalty=100
+\predisplaypenalty=10000
+% \postdisplaypenalty=0
+% \interlinepenalty=0
+% \floatingpenalty=0, set during \insert
+% \outputpenalty=0, set before TeX enters \output
+\doublehyphendemerits=10000
+\finalhyphendemerits=5000
+\adjdemerits=10000
+% \looseness=0, cleared by TeX after each paragraph
+% \pausing=0
+% \holdinginserts=0
+% \tracingonline=0
+% \tracingmacros=0
+% \tracingstats=0
+% \tracingparagraphs=0
+% \tracingpages=0
+% \tracingoutput=0
+\tracinglostchars=1
+% \tracingcommands=0
+% \tracingrestores=0
+% \language=0
+\uchyph=1
+% \lefthyphenmin=2 \righthyphenmin=3 set below
+% \globaldefs=0
+% \maxdeadcycles=25 % INITEX does this
+% \hangafter=1 % INITEX does this, also TeX after each paragraph
+% \fam=0
+% \mag=1000 % INITEX does this
+% \escapechar=`\\ % INITEX does this
+\defaulthyphenchar=`\-
+\defaultskewchar=-1
+% \endlinechar=`\^^M % INITEX does this
+\newlinechar=-1
+\delimiterfactor=901
+% \time=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+% \day=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+% \month=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+% \year=now % TeX does this at beginning of job
+\showboxbreadth=5
+\showboxdepth=3
+\errorcontextlines=5
+
+\hfuzz=0.1pt
+\vfuzz=0.1pt
+\overfullrule=5pt
+\hsize=6.5in
+\vsize=8.9in
+\maxdepth=4pt
+\splitmaxdepth=\maxdimen
+\boxmaxdepth=\maxdimen
+% \lineskiplimit=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
+\delimitershortfall=5pt
+\nulldelimiterspace=1.2pt
+\scriptspace=0.5pt
+% \mathsurround=0pt
+% \predisplaysize=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
+% \displaywidth=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
+% \displayindent=0pt, set before TeX enters $$
+\parindent=20pt
+% \hangindent=0pt, zeroed by TeX after each paragraph
+% \hoffset=0pt
+% \voffset=0pt
+
+% \baselineskip=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
+% \lineskip=0pt, changed by \normalbaselines
+\parskip=0pt plus 1pt
+\abovedisplayskip=12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt plus 3pt
+\belowdisplayskip=12pt plus 3pt minus 9pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=7pt plus 3pt minus 4pt
+% \leftskip=0pt
+% \rightskip=0pt
+\topskip=10pt
+\splittopskip=10pt
+% \tabskip=0pt
+% \spaceskip=0pt
+% \xspaceskip=0pt
+\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
+
+\thinmuskip=3mu
+\medmuskip=4mu plus 2mu minus 4mu
+\thickmuskip=5mu plus 5mu
+
+% We also define special registers that function like parameters:
+\newskip\smallskipamount \smallskipamount=3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
+\newskip\medskipamount \medskipamount=6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\newskip\bigskipamount \bigskipamount=12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
+\newskip\normalbaselineskip \normalbaselineskip=12pt
+\newskip\normallineskip \normallineskip=1pt
+\newdimen\normallineskiplimit \normallineskiplimit=0pt
+\newdimen\jot \jot=3pt
+\newcount\interdisplaylinepenalty \interdisplaylinepenalty=100
+\newcount\interfootnotelinepenalty \interfootnotelinepenalty=100
+ 
+% Definitions for preloaded fonts
+ 
+\def\magstephalf{1095 }
+\def\magstep#1{\ifcase#1 \@m\or 1200\or 1440\or 1728\or 2074\or 2488\fi\relax}
+ 
+% Fonts assigned to \preloaded are not part of "plain TeX",
+% but they are preloaded so that other format packages can use them.
+% For example, if another set of macros says "\font\ninerm=cmr9",
+% TeX will not have to reload the font metric information for cmr9.
+ 
+%\font\tenrm=cmr10 % roman text
+%\font\preloaded=cmr9
+%\font\preloaded=cmr8
+%\font\sevenrm=cmr7
+%\font\preloaded=cmr6
+%\font\fiverm=cmr5
+ 
+%\font\teni=cmmi10 % math italic %LP in fonts.tex
+%\font\preloaded=cmmi9
+%\font\preloaded=cmmi8
+%\font\seveni=cmmi7
+%\font\preloaded=cmmi6
+%\font\fivei=cmmi5
+ 
+%\font\tensy=cmsy10 % math symbols %LP in fonts.tex
+%\font\preloaded=cmsy9
+%\font\preloaded=cmsy8
+%\font\sevensy=cmsy7
+%\font\preloaded=cmsy6
+%\font\fivesy=cmsy5
+ 
+\font\tenex=cmex10 % This seems to be necessary here
+ 
+%\font\preloaded=cmss10 % sans serif
+%\font\preloaded=cmssq8
+ 
+%\font\preloaded=cmssi10 % sans serif italic
+%\font\preloaded=cmssqi8
+ 
+%%\font\tenbf=cmbx10 % boldface extended
+%\font\preloaded=cmbx9
+%\font\preloaded=cmbx8
+%%\font\sevenbf=cmbx7
+%\font\preloaded=cmbx6
+%%\font\fivebf=cmbx5
+ 
+\font\tentt=cmtt10 % typewriter
+%\font\preloaded=cmtt9
+%\font\preloaded=cmtt8
+ 
+%\font\preloaded=cmsltt10 % slanted typewriter
+ 
+%%\font\tensl=cmsl10 % slanted roman
+%\font\preloaded=cmsl9
+%\font\preloaded=cmsl8
+ 
+%%\font\tenit=cmti10 % text italic
+%\font\preloaded=cmti9
+%\font\preloaded=cmti8
+%\font\preloaded=cmti7
+ 
+ 
+\let\preloaded=\undefined % preloaded fonts must be declared anew later.
+ 
+%LP \skewchar moved to fonts.tex
+%\skewchar\teni='177 \skewchar\seveni='177 \skewchar\fivei='177
+%\skewchar\tensy='60 \skewchar\sevensy='60 \skewchar\fivesy='60
+ 
+% Macros for setting ordinary text
+
+\def\frenchspacing{\sfcode`\.\@m \sfcode`\?\@m \sfcode`\!\@m
+  \sfcode`\:\@m \sfcode`\;\@m \sfcode`\,\@m}
+\def\nonfrenchspacing{\sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000%
+  \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250 }
+ 
+\def\^^M{\ } % control <return> = control <space>
+\def\^^I{\ } % same for <tab>
+ 
+\def\lq{`} \def\rq{'}
+\def\lbrack{[} \def\rbrack{]}
+ 
+\let\endgraf=\par \let\endline=\cr
+ 
+%LP In case we redefine \par, here is the original
+\let\@par=\par
+
+\def\space{ }
+\def\empty{}
+\def\null{\hbox{}}
+ 
+\let\bgroup={ \let\egroup=}
+ 
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Catcode alterations
+
+%%%% Dospecials
+%
+% (not counting ascii null, tab, linefeed, formfeed, return, delete)
+% Each symbol in the list is preceded by \do, which can be defined
+% if you want to do something to every item in the list.
+%
+% " added wrt plain definition
+%
+\def\dospecials{\@TM@s\do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&%
+  \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~\do\"\@TM@r}
+
+% handy abbrevs
+%
+\def\makeother#1{\catcode`#1\other}
+\def\othercr{\makeother\^^M\relax}
+\def\normalcr{\catcode`\^^M=5\relax}
+\def\activecr{\catcode`\^^M\active}
+\def\noeol{\endlinechar\m@ne}\def\normaleol{\endlinechar`\^^M\relax}
+\def\noesc{\escapechar\m@ne}\def\normalesc{\escapechar`\\\relax}
+ 
+% obeylines
+%
+% In \obeylines, we say `\let^^M=\par' instead of `\def^^M{\par}'
+% since this allows, for example, `\let\par=\cr \obeylines \halign{...'
+%
+% addition for empty lines
+%
+{\activecr % these lines must end with %
+  \gdef\obeylines{\activecr \def^^M{\@par\leavevmode\hbox{}}}%
+  \global\let^^M\@par} % this is in case ^^M appears in a \write
+
+% obeyspaces
+%
+% plain: {\obeyspaces\global\let =\space}
+% extended for initial spaces on a line
+%
+{\catcode`\ \active
+\gdef\obeyspaces{\catcode`\ \active\let =\@ospace}}
+\def\@ospace{\leavevmode{} }
+
+%LP minimal improvement over the original \loop macro
+\long\def\loop#1\repeat{\long\def\body{#1}\iterate}
+\def\iterate{\let\loopnext\relax \body \let\loopnext\iterate \fi
+  \loopnext}
+\let\repeat=\fi % this makes \loop...\if...\repeat skippable
+ 
+\def\thinspace{\kern .16667em }
+\def\negthinspace{\kern-.16667em }
+\def\enspace{\kern.5em }
+ 
+\def\enskip{\hskip.5em\relax}
+\def\quad{\hskip1em\relax}
+\def\qquad{\hskip2em\relax}
+ 
+\def\smallskip{\vskip\smallskipamount}
+\def\medskip{\vskip\medskipamount}
+\def\bigskip{\vskip\bigskipamount}
+ 
+\def\nointerlineskip{\prevdepth-1000\p@}
+\def\offinterlineskip{\baselineskip-1000\p@
+  \lineskip\z@ \lineskiplimit\maxdimen}
+ 
+\def\topglue{\nointerlineskip\vglue-\topskip\vglue} % for top of page
+\def\vglue{\afterassignment\vgl@\skip@=}
+\def\vgl@{\par \dimen@\prevdepth \hrule height\z@
+  \nobreak\vskip\skip@ \prevdepth\dimen@}
+\def\hglue{\afterassignment\hgl@\skip@=}
+\def\hgl@{\leavevmode \count@\spacefactor \vrule width\z@
+  \nobreak\hskip\skip@ \spacefactor\count@}
+ 
+\def~{\penalty\@M \ } % tie
+\def\slash{/\penalty\exhyphenpenalty} % a `/' that acts like a `-'
+ 
+\def\break{\penalty-\@M}
+\def\nobreak{\penalty \@M}
+\def\allowbreak{\penalty \z@}
+ 
+\def\filbreak{\par\vfil\penalty-200\vfilneg}
+\def\goodbreak{\par\penalty-500 }
+\def\eject{\par\break}
+\def\supereject{\par\penalty-\@MM}
+ 
+\def\removelastskip{\ifdim\lastskip=\z@\else\vskip-\lastskip\fi}
+\def\smallbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount
+  \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi}
+\def\medbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount
+  \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi}
+\def\bigbreak{\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount
+  \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi}
+ 
+\def\line{\hbox to\hsize}
+\def\leftline#1{\line{#1\hss}}
+\def\rightline#1{\line{\hss#1}}
+\def\centerline#1{\line{\hss#1\hss}}
+ 
+\def\rlap#1{\hbox to\z@{#1\hss}}
+\def\llap#1{\hbox to\z@{\hss#1}}
+ 
+\def\m@th{\mathsurround\z@}
+\def\underbar#1{$\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dp\z@\z@
+  \m@th \underline{\box\z@}$}
+ 
+\newbox\strutbox
+\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8.5pt depth3.5pt width\z@}
+\def\strut{\relax\ifmmode\copy\strutbox\else\unhcopy\strutbox\fi}
+ 
+\def\hidewidth{\hskip\hideskip} % for alignment entries that can stick out
+\def\ialign{\everycr{}\tabskip\z@skip\halign} % initialized \halign
+\newcount\mscount
+\def\multispan#1{\omit \mscount#1\relax
+  \loop\ifnum\mscount>\@ne \sp@n\repeat}
+\def\sp@n{\span\omit\advance\mscount\m@ne}
+ 
+%LP We keep the old tabbing macros
+\newif\ifus@ \newif\if@cr
+\newbox\tabs \newbox\tabsyet \newbox\tabsdone
+ 
+\def\cleartabs{\global\setbox\tabsyet\null \setbox\tabs\null}
+\def\settabs{\setbox\tabs\null \futurelet\next\sett@b}
+\let\+=\relax % in case this file is being read in twice
+\def\sett@b{\ifx\next\+\def\nxt{\afterassignment\s@tt@b\let\nxt}%
+  \else\let\nxt\s@tcols\fi \let\next\relax \nxt}
+\def\s@tt@b{\let\nxt\relax \us@false\m@ketabbox}
+\def\tabalign{\us@true\m@ketabbox} % non-\outer version of \+
+\outer\def\+{\tabalign}
+\def\s@tcols#1\columns{\count@#1\dimen@\hsize
+  \loop\ifnum\count@>\z@ \@nother \repeat}
+\def\@nother{\dimen@ii\dimen@ \divide\dimen@ii\count@
+  \setbox\tabs\hbox{\hbox to\dimen@ii{}\unhbox\tabs}%
+  \advance\dimen@-\dimen@ii \advance\count@\m@ne}
+
+\def\m@ketabbox{\begingroup
+  \global\setbox\tabsyet\copy\tabs
+  \global\setbox\tabsdone\null
+  \def\cr{\@crtrue\crcr\egroup\egroup
+    \ifus@\unvbox\z@\lastbox\fi\endgroup
+    \setbox\tabs\hbox{\unhbox\tabsyet\unhbox\tabsdone}}%
+  \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup\@crfalse
+    \ialign\bgroup&\t@bbox##\t@bb@x\crcr}
+
+\def\t@bbox{\setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup}
+\def\t@bb@x{\if@cr\egroup % now \box\z@ holds the column
+  \else\hss\egroup \global\setbox\tabsyet\hbox{\unhbox\tabsyet
+      \global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}% now \box\@ne holds its size
+    \ifvoid\@ne\global\setbox\@ne\hbox to\wd\z@{}%
+    \else\setbox\z@\hbox to\wd\@ne{\unhbox\z@}\fi
+    \global\setbox\tabsdone\hbox{\box\@ne\unhbox\tabsdone}\fi
+  \box\z@}
+
+\chardef\%=`\%
+\chardef\&=`\&
+\chardef\#=`\#
+\chardef\$=`\$
+\chardef\ss="19
+\chardef\ae="1A
+\chardef\oe="1B
+\chardef\o="1C
+\chardef\AE="1D
+\chardef\OE="1E
+\chardef\O="1F
+\chardef\i="10 \chardef\j="11 % dotless letters
+\def\aa{\accent23a}
+\def\l{\char32l}
+\def\L{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{L}\hbox to\wd0{\hss\char32L}}
+ 
+\def\leavevmode{\unhbox\voidb@x} % begins a paragraph, if necessary
+\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em}}
+\def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{!}\dimen@\ht0\advance\dimen@-1ex%
+  \rlap{\raise.67\dimen@\hbox{\char'27}}A}
+ 
+\def\mathhexbox#1#2#3{\leavevmode
+  \hbox{$\m@th \mathchar"#1#2#3$}}
+\def\dag{\mathhexbox279}
+\def\ddag{\mathhexbox27A}
+\def\S{\mathhexbox278}
+\def\P{\mathhexbox27B}
+\def\Orb{\mathhexbox20D}
+ 
+\def\oalign#1{\leavevmode\vtop{\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip.25ex%
+  \ialign{##\crcr#1\crcr}}} \def\o@lign{\lineskiplimit\z@ \oalign}
+\def\ooalign{\lineskiplimit-\maxdimen \oalign} % chars over each other
+{\catcode`p=12 \catcode`t=12 \gdef\\#1pt{#1}} \let\getf@ctor=\\
+\def\sh@ft#1{\dimen@#1\kern\expandafter\getf@ctor\the\fontdimen1\font
+  \dimen@} % kern by #1 times the current slant
+\def\d#1{{\o@lign{\relax#1\crcr\hidewidth\sh@ft{-1ex}.\hidewidth}}}
+\def\b#1{{\o@lign{\relax#1\crcr\hidewidth\sh@ft{-3ex}%
+    \vbox to.2ex{\hbox{\char22}\vss}\hidewidth}}}
+\def\c#1{{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\ifdim\ht\z@=1ex\accent24 #1%
+  \else\ooalign{\unhbox\z@\crcr\hidewidth\char24\hidewidth}\fi}}
+\def\copyright{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{c}\hfil\crcr\Orb}}}
+ 
+\def\dots{\relax\ifmmode\ldots\else$\m@th\ldots\,$\fi}
+\def\TeX{\protect\@TeX}
+\def\@TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}
+ 
+\def\`#1{{\accent18 #1}}
+\def\'#1{{\accent19 #1}}
+\def\v#1{{\accent20 #1}} \let\^^_=\v
+\def\u#1{{\accent21 #1}} \let\^^S=\u
+\def\=#1{{\accent22 #1}}
+\def\^#1{{\accent94 #1}} \let\^^D=\^
+\def\.#1{{\accent95 #1}}
+\def\H#1{{\accent"7D #1}}
+\def\~#1{{\accent"7E #1}}
+\def\"#1{{\accent"7F #1}}
+\def\t#1{{\edef\next{\the\font}\the\textfont1\accent"7F\next#1}}
+ 
+\def\hrulefill{\leaders\hrule\hfill}
+\def\dotfill{\cleaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hfill}
+\def\rightarrowfill{$\m@th\smash-\mkern-7mu%
+  \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill
+  \mkern-7mu\mathord\rightarrow$}
+\def\leftarrowfill{$\m@th\mathord\leftarrow\mkern-7mu%
+  \cleaders\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\smash-\mkern-2mu$}\hfill
+  \mkern-7mu\smash-$}
+\mathchardef\braceld="37A \mathchardef\bracerd="37B
+\mathchardef\bracelu="37C \mathchardef\braceru="37D
+\def\downbracefill{$\m@th \setbox\z@\hbox{$\braceld$}%
+  \braceld\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\braceru
+  \bracelu\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\bracerd$}
+\def\upbracefill{$\m@th \setbox\z@\hbox{$\braceld$}%
+  \bracelu\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\bracerd
+  \braceld\leaders\vrule height\ht\z@ depth\z@\hfill\braceru$}
+ 
+%\outer\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
+ 
+% Macros for math setting
+ 
+\let\sp=^ \let\sb=_
+\def\,{\mskip\thinmuskip}
+\def\>{\mskip\medmuskip}
+\def\;{\mskip\thickmuskip}
+\def\!{\mskip-\thinmuskip}
+\def\*{\discretionary{\thinspace\the\textfont2\char2}{}{}}
+{\catcode`\'=\active \gdef'{^\bgroup\prim@s}}
+\def\prim@s{\prime\futurelet\next\pr@m@s}
+\def\pr@m@s{\ifx'\next\let\nxt\pr@@@s \else\ifx^\next\let\nxt\pr@@@t
+  \else\let\nxt\egroup\fi\fi \nxt}
+\def\pr@@@s#1{\prim@s} \def\pr@@@t#1#2{#2\egroup}
+{\catcode`\^^Z=\active \gdef^^Z{\not=}} % ^^Z is like \ne in math
+
+{\catcode`\_=\active \global\let_=\_} % _ in math is either subscript or \_
+ 
+\mathchardef\alpha="010B
+\mathchardef\beta="010C
+\mathchardef\gamma="010D
+\mathchardef\delta="010E
+\mathchardef\epsilon="010F
+\mathchardef\zeta="0110
+\mathchardef\eta="0111
+\mathchardef\theta="0112
+\mathchardef\iota="0113
+\mathchardef\kappa="0114
+\mathchardef\lambda="0115
+\mathchardef\mu="0116
+\mathchardef\nu="0117
+\mathchardef\xi="0118
+\mathchardef\pi="0119
+\mathchardef\rho="011A
+\mathchardef\sigma="011B
+\mathchardef\tau="011C
+\mathchardef\upsilon="011D
+\mathchardef\phi="011E
+\mathchardef\chi="011F
+\mathchardef\psi="0120
+\mathchardef\omega="0121
+\mathchardef\varepsilon="0122
+\mathchardef\vartheta="0123
+\mathchardef\varpi="0124
+\mathchardef\varrho="0125
+\mathchardef\varsigma="0126
+\mathchardef\varphi="0127
+\mathchardef\Gamma="7000
+\mathchardef\Delta="7001
+\mathchardef\Theta="7002
+\mathchardef\Lambda="7003
+\mathchardef\Xi="7004
+\mathchardef\Pi="7005
+\mathchardef\Sigma="7006
+\mathchardef\Upsilon="7007
+\mathchardef\Phi="7008
+\mathchardef\Psi="7009
+\mathchardef\Omega="700A
+ 
+\mathchardef\aleph="0240
+\def\hbar{{\mathchar'26\mkern-9muh}}
+\mathchardef\imath="017B
+\mathchardef\jmath="017C
+\mathchardef\ell="0160
+\mathchardef\wp="017D
+\mathchardef\Re="023C
+\mathchardef\Im="023D
+\mathchardef\partial="0140
+\mathchardef\infty="0231
+\mathchardef\prime="0230
+\mathchardef\emptyset="023B
+\mathchardef\nabla="0272
+\def\surd{{\mathchar"1270}}
+\mathchardef\top="023E
+\mathchardef\bot="023F
+\def\angle{{\vbox{\ialign{$\m@th\scriptstyle##$\crcr
+      \not\mathrel{\mkern14mu}\crcr
+      \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
+      \mkern2.5mu\leaders\hrule height.34pt\hfill\mkern2.5mu\crcr}}}}
+\mathchardef\triangle="0234
+\mathchardef\forall="0238
+\mathchardef\exists="0239
+\mathchardef\neg="023A \let\lnot=\neg
+\mathchardef\flat="015B
+\mathchardef\natural="015C
+\mathchardef\sharp="015D
+\mathchardef\clubsuit="027C
+\mathchardef\diamondsuit="027D
+\mathchardef\heartsuit="027E
+\mathchardef\spadesuit="027F
+ 
+\mathchardef\coprod="1360
+\mathchardef\bigvee="1357
+\mathchardef\bigwedge="1356
+\mathchardef\biguplus="1355
+\mathchardef\bigcap="1354
+\mathchardef\bigcup="1353
+\mathchardef\intop="1352 \def\int{\intop\nolimits}
+\mathchardef\prod="1351
+\mathchardef\sum="1350
+\mathchardef\bigotimes="134E
+\mathchardef\bigoplus="134C
+\mathchardef\bigodot="134A
+\mathchardef\ointop="1348 \def\oint{\ointop\nolimits}
+\mathchardef\bigsqcup="1346
+\mathchardef\smallint="1273
+ 
+\mathchardef\triangleleft="212F
+\mathchardef\triangleright="212E
+\mathchardef\bigtriangleup="2234
+\mathchardef\bigtriangledown="2235
+\mathchardef\wedge="225E \let\land=\wedge
+\mathchardef\vee="225F \let\lor=\vee
+\mathchardef\cap="225C
+\mathchardef\cup="225B
+\mathchardef\ddagger="227A
+\mathchardef\dagger="2279
+\mathchardef\sqcap="2275
+\mathchardef\sqcup="2274
+\mathchardef\uplus="225D
+\mathchardef\amalg="2271
+\mathchardef\diamond="2205
+\mathchardef\bullet="220F
+\mathchardef\wr="226F
+\mathchardef\div="2204
+\mathchardef\odot="220C
+\mathchardef\oslash="220B
+\mathchardef\otimes="220A
+\mathchardef\ominus="2209
+\mathchardef\oplus="2208
+\mathchardef\mp="2207
+\mathchardef\pm="2206
+\mathchardef\circ="220E
+\mathchardef\bigcirc="220D
+\mathchardef\setminus="226E % for set difference A\setminus B
+\mathchardef\cdot="2201
+\mathchardef\ast="2203
+\mathchardef\times="2202
+\mathchardef\star="213F
+ 
+\mathchardef\propto="322F
+\mathchardef\sqsubseteq="3276
+\mathchardef\sqsupseteq="3277
+\mathchardef\parallel="326B
+\mathchardef\mid="326A
+\mathchardef\dashv="3261
+\mathchardef\vdash="3260
+\mathchardef\nearrow="3225
+\mathchardef\searrow="3226
+\mathchardef\nwarrow="322D
+\mathchardef\swarrow="322E
+\mathchardef\Leftrightarrow="322C
+\mathchardef\Leftarrow="3228
+\mathchardef\Rightarrow="3229
+\def\neq{\not=} \let\ne=\neq
+\mathchardef\leq="3214 \let\le=\leq
+\mathchardef\geq="3215 \let\ge=\geq
+\mathchardef\succ="321F
+\mathchardef\prec="321E
+\mathchardef\approx="3219
+\mathchardef\succeq="3217
+\mathchardef\preceq="3216
+\mathchardef\supset="321B
+\mathchardef\subset="321A
+\mathchardef\supseteq="3213
+\mathchardef\subseteq="3212
+\mathchardef\in="3232
+\mathchardef\ni="3233 \let\owns=\ni
+\mathchardef\gg="321D
+\mathchardef\ll="321C
+\mathchardef\not="3236
+\mathchardef\leftrightarrow="3224
+\mathchardef\leftarrow="3220 \let\gets=\leftarrow
+\mathchardef\rightarrow="3221 \let\to=\rightarrow
+\mathchardef\mapstochar="3237 \def\mapsto{\mapstochar\rightarrow}
+\mathchardef\sim="3218
+\mathchardef\simeq="3227
+\mathchardef\perp="323F
+\mathchardef\equiv="3211
+\mathchardef\asymp="3210
+\mathchardef\smile="315E
+\mathchardef\frown="315F
+\mathchardef\leftharpoonup="3128
+\mathchardef\leftharpoondown="3129
+\mathchardef\rightharpoonup="312A
+\mathchardef\rightharpoondown="312B
+ 
+\def\joinrel{\mathrel{\mkern-3mu}}
+\def\relbar{\mathrel{\smash-}} % \smash, because - has the same height as +
+\def\Relbar{\mathrel=}
+\mathchardef\lhook="312C \def\hookrightarrow{\lhook\joinrel\rightarrow}
+\mathchardef\rhook="312D \def\hookleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rhook}
+\def\bowtie{\mathrel\triangleright\joinrel\mathrel\triangleleft}
+\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}
+\def\Longrightarrow{\Relbar\joinrel\Rightarrow}
+\def\longrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
+\def\longleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\relbar}
+\def\Longleftarrow{\Leftarrow\joinrel\Relbar}
+\def\longmapsto{\mapstochar\longrightarrow}
+\def\longleftrightarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rightarrow}
+\def\Longleftrightarrow{\Leftarrow\joinrel\Rightarrow}
+\def\iff{\;\Longleftrightarrow\;}
+ 
+\mathchardef\ldotp="613A % ldot as a punctuation mark
+\mathchardef\cdotp="6201 % cdot as a punctuation mark
+\mathchardef\colon="603A % colon as a punctuation mark
+\def\ldots{\mathinner{\ldotp\ldotp\ldotp}}
+\def\cdots{\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}
+\def\vdots{\vbox{\baselineskip4\p@ \lineskiplimit\z@
+    \kern6\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}
+\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
+    \raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
+ 
+\def\acute{\mathaccent"7013 }
+\def\grave{\mathaccent"7012 }
+\def\ddot{\mathaccent"707F }
+\def\tilde{\mathaccent"707E }
+\def\bar{\mathaccent"7016 }
+\def\breve{\mathaccent"7015 }
+\def\check{\mathaccent"7014 }
+\def\hat{\mathaccent"705E }
+\def\vec{\mathaccent"017E }
+\def\dot{\mathaccent"705F }
+\def\widetilde{\mathaccent"0365 }
+\def\widehat{\mathaccent"0362 }
+\def\overrightarrow#1{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
+      \rightarrowfill\crcr\noalign{\kern-\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}
+\def\overleftarrow#1{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
+      \leftarrowfill\crcr\noalign{\kern-\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}
+\def\overbrace#1{\mathop{\vbox{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
+      \downbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
+\def\underbrace#1{\mathop{\vtop{\m@th\ialign{##\crcr
+      $\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
+      \upbracefill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
+\def\skew#1#2#3{{\muskip\z@#1mu\divide\muskip\z@\tw@ \mkern\muskip\z@
+    #2{\mkern-\muskip\z@{#3}\mkern\muskip\z@}\mkern-\muskip\z@}{}}
+
+\def\lmoustache{\delimiter"437A340 } % top from (, bottom from )
+\def\rmoustache{\delimiter"537B341 } % top from ), bottom from (
+\def\lgroup{\delimiter"462833A } % extensible ( with sharper tips
+\def\rgroup{\delimiter"562933B } % extensible ) with sharper tips
+\def\arrowvert{\delimiter"26A33C } % arrow without arrowheads
+\def\Arrowvert{\delimiter"26B33D } % double arrow without arrowheads
+\def\bracevert{\delimiter"77C33E } % the vertical bar that extends braces
+\def\Vert{\delimiter"26B30D } \let\|=\Vert
+\def\vert{\delimiter"26A30C }
+\def\uparrow{\delimiter"3222378 }
+\def\downarrow{\delimiter"3223379 }
+\def\updownarrow{\delimiter"326C33F }
+\def\Uparrow{\delimiter"322A37E }
+\def\Downarrow{\delimiter"322B37F }
+\def\Updownarrow{\delimiter"326D377 }
+\def\backslash{\delimiter"26E30F } % for double coset G\backslash H
+\def\rangle{\delimiter"526930B }
+\def\langle{\delimiter"426830A }
+\def\rbrace{\delimiter"5267309 } \let\}=\rbrace
+\def\lbrace{\delimiter"4266308 } \let\{=\lbrace
+\def\rceil{\delimiter"5265307 }
+\def\lceil{\delimiter"4264306 }
+\def\rfloor{\delimiter"5263305 }
+\def\lfloor{\delimiter"4262304 }
+ 
+\def\bigl{\mathopen\big}
+\def\bigm{\mathrel\big}
+\def\bigr{\mathclose\big}
+\def\Bigl{\mathopen\Big}
+\def\Bigm{\mathrel\Big}
+\def\Bigr{\mathclose\Big}
+\def\biggl{\mathopen\bigg}
+\def\biggm{\mathrel\bigg}
+\def\biggr{\mathclose\bigg}
+\def\Biggl{\mathopen\Bigg}
+\def\Biggm{\mathrel\Bigg}
+\def\Biggr{\mathclose\Bigg}
+\def\big#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to8.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\Big#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to11.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\bigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to14.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\Bigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to17.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\n@space{\nulldelimiterspace\z@ \m@th}
+ 
+\def\choose{\atopwithdelims()}
+\def\brack{\atopwithdelims[]}
+\def\brace{\atopwithdelims\{\}}
+ 
+\def\sqrt{\radical"270370 }
+ 
+\def\mathpalette#1#2{\mathchoice{#1\displaystyle{#2}}%
+  {#1\textstyle{#2}}{#1\scriptstyle{#2}}{#1\scriptscriptstyle{#2}}}
+\newbox\rootbox
+\def\root#1\of{\setbox\rootbox\hbox{$\m@th\scriptscriptstyle{#1}$}
+  \mathpalette\r@@t}
+\def\r@@t#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1\sqrt{#2}$}
+  \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@-\dp\z@
+  \mkern5mu\raise.6\dimen@\copy\rootbox \mkern-10mu \box\z@}
+\newif\ifv@ \newif\ifh@
+%% LP
+\let\v@true=\v@yes \let\v@false=\v@no 
+\let\h@true=\h@yes \let\h@false=\h@no
+\def\vphantom{\v@true\h@false\ph@nt}
+\def\hphantom{\v@false\h@true\ph@nt}
+\def\phantom{\v@true\h@true\ph@nt}
+\def\ph@nt{\ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathph@nt}%
+  \else\let\next\makeph@nt\fi\next}
+\def\makeph@nt#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\finph@nt}
+\def\mathph@nt#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\finph@nt}
+\def\finph@nt{\setbox\tw@\null
+  \ifv@ \ht\tw@\ht\z@ \dp\tw@\dp\z@\fi
+  \ifh@ \wd\tw@\wd\z@\fi \box\tw@}
+\def\mathstrut{\vphantom(}
+\def\smash{\relax % \relax, in case this comes first in \halign
+  \ifmmode\def\next{\mathpalette\mathsm@sh}\else\let\next\makesm@sh
+  \fi\next}
+\def\makesm@sh#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\finsm@sh}
+\def\mathsm@sh#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\finsm@sh}
+\def\finsm@sh{\ht\z@\z@ \dp\z@\z@ \box\z@}
+ 
+\def\cong{\mathrel{\mathpalette\@vereq\sim}} % congruence sign
+\def\@vereq#1#2{\lower.5\p@\vbox{\lineskiplimit\maxdimen\lineskip-.5\p@
+    \ialign{$\m@th#1\hfil##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr=\crcr}}}
+\def\notin{\mathrel{\mathpalette\c@ncel\in}}
+\def\c@ncel#1#2{\m@th\ooalign{$\hfil#1\mkern1mu/\hfil$\crcr$#1#2$}}
+\def\rightleftharpoons{\mathrel{\mathpalette\rlh@{}}}
+\def\rlh@#1{\vcenter{\m@th\hbox{\ooalign{\raise2pt
+          \hbox{$#1\rightharpoonup$}\crcr
+        $#1\leftharpoondown$}}}}
+\def\buildrel#1\over#2{\mathrel{\mathop{\kern\z@#2}\limits^{#1}}}
+\def\doteq{\buildrel\textstyle.\over=}
+ 
+\def\log{\mathop{\rm log}\nolimits}
+\def\lg{\mathop{\rm lg}\nolimits}
+\def\ln{\mathop{\rm ln}\nolimits}
+\def\lim{\mathop{\rm lim}}
+\def\limsup{\mathop{\rm lim\,sup}}
+\def\liminf{\mathop{\rm lim\,inf}}
+\def\sin{\mathop{\rm sin}\nolimits}
+\def\arcsin{\mathop{\rm arcsin}\nolimits}
+\def\sinh{\mathop{\rm sinh}\nolimits}
+\def\cos{\mathop{\rm cos}\nolimits}
+\def\arccos{\mathop{\rm arccos}\nolimits}
+\def\cosh{\mathop{\rm cosh}\nolimits}
+\def\tan{\mathop{\rm tan}\nolimits}
+\def\arctan{\mathop{\rm arctan}\nolimits}
+\def\tanh{\mathop{\rm tanh}\nolimits}
+\def\cot{\mathop{\rm cot}\nolimits}
+\def\coth{\mathop{\rm coth}\nolimits}
+\def\sec{\mathop{\rm sec}\nolimits}
+\def\csc{\mathop{\rm csc}\nolimits}
+\def\max{\mathop{\rm max}}
+\def\min{\mathop{\rm min}}
+\def\sup{\mathop{\rm sup}}
+\def\inf{\mathop{\rm inf}}
+\def\arg{\mathop{\rm arg}\nolimits}
+\def\ker{\mathop{\rm ker}\nolimits}
+\def\dim{\mathop{\rm dim}\nolimits}
+\def\hom{\mathop{\rm hom}\nolimits}
+\def\det{\mathop{\rm det}}
+\def\exp{\mathop{\rm exp}\nolimits}
+\def\Pr{\mathop{\rm Pr}}
+\def\gcd{\mathop{\rm gcd}}
+\def\deg{\mathop{\rm deg}\nolimits}
+ 
+\def\bmod{\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip\mkern5mu
+  \mathbin{\rm mod}\penalty900\mkern5mu\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip}
+\def\pmod#1{\allowbreak\mkern18mu({\rm mod}\,\,#1)}
+ 
+\def\cases#1{\left\{\,\vcenter{%\normalbaselines
+    \m@th
+    \ialign{$##\hfil$&\quad##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}
+\def\matrix#1{\null\,\vcenter{%\normalbaselines
+    \m@th
+    \ialign{\hfil$##$\hfil&&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil\crcr
+      \mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}
+      #1\crcr\mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}}}\,}
+\def\pmatrix#1{\left(\matrix{#1}\right)}
+\newdimen\p@renwd
+\setbox0=\hbox{\tenex B} \p@renwd=\wd0 % width of the big left (
+\def\bordermatrix#1{\begingroup \m@th
+  \setbox\z@\vbox{\def\cr{\crcr\noalign{\kern2\p@\global\let\cr\endline}}%
+    \ialign{$##$\hfil\kern2\p@\kern\p@renwd&\thinspace\hfil$##$\hfil
+      &&\quad\hfil$##$\hfil\crcr
+      \omit\strut\hfil\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}%
+      #1\crcr\omit\strut\cr}}%
+  \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvcopy\z@\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
+  \setbox\tw@\hbox{\unhbox\@ne\unskip\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
+  \setbox\tw@\hbox{$\kern\wd\@ne\kern-\p@renwd\left(\kern-\wd\@ne
+    \global\setbox\@ne\vbox{\box\@ne\kern2\p@}%
+    \vcenter{\kern-\ht\@ne\unvbox\z@\kern-\baselineskip}\,\right)$}%
+  \null\;\vbox{\kern\ht\@ne\box\tw@}\endgroup}
+ 
+\def\openup{\afterassignment\@penup\dimen@=}
+\def\@penup{\advance\lineskip\dimen@
+  \advance\baselineskip\dimen@
+  \advance\lineskiplimit\dimen@}
+\def\eqalign#1{\null\,\vcenter{\openup\jot\m@th
+  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+\newif\ifdt@p 
+\let\dt@ptrue=\dt@pyes \let\dt@pfalse=\dt@pno %%LP
+\def\displ@y{\global\dt@ptrue\openup\jot\m@th
+  \everycr{\noalign{\ifdt@p \global\dt@pfalse \ifdim\prevdepth>-1000\p@
+      \vskip-\lineskiplimit \vskip\normallineskiplimit \fi
+      \else \penalty\interdisplaylinepenalty \fi}}}
+\def\@lign{\tabskip\z@skip\everycr{}} % restore inside \displ@y
+\def\displaylines#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
+  \halign{\hbox to\displaywidth{$\@lign\hfil\displaystyle##\hfil$}\crcr
+    #1\crcr}}
+\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\centering
+  \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
+    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
+    &\llap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
+    #1\crcr}}
+\def\leqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\centering
+  \halign to\displaywidth{\hfil$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
+    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
+    &\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{$\@lign##$}\tabskip\displaywidth\crcr
+    #1\crcr}}
+ 
+% Definitions related to output
+ 
+%LP Voorlopig even laten staat voor een default output routine
+ 
+\countdef\pageno=0 \pageno=1 % first page is number 1
+ 
+\def\textindent#1{\indent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+\newinsert\footins
+\def\footnote#1{\let\@sf\empty % parameter #2 (the text) is read later
+  \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
+  #1\@sf\vfootnote{#1}}
+\def\vfootnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup
+  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
+  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
+  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
+  \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
+  \textindent{#1}\footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t}
+\def\fo@t{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\f@@t
+  \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
+\def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
+\def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
+\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}
+\def\footstrut{\vbox to\splittopskip{}}
+\skip\footins=\bigskipamount % space added when footnote is present
+\count\footins=1000 % footnote magnification factor (1 to 1)
+\dimen\footins=8in % maximum footnotes per page
+ 
+\newinsert\topins
+\newif\ifp@ge \newif\if@mid
+\let\p@getrue=\p@geyes \let\p@gefalse=\p@geno
+\let\@midtrue=\@midyes \let\@midfalse=\@midno
+\def\topinsert{\@midfalse\p@gefalse\@ins}
+\def\midinsert{\@midtrue\@ins}
+\def\pageinsert{\@midfalse\p@getrue\@ins}
+\skip\topins=\z@skip % no space added when a topinsert is present
+\count\topins=1000 % magnification factor (1 to 1)
+\dimen\topins=\maxdimen % no limit per page
+\def\@ins{\par\begingroup\setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup} % start a \vbox
+\def\endinsert{\egroup % finish the \vbox
+  \if@mid \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@\dp\z@ \advance\dimen@12\p@
+    \advance\dimen@\pagetotal \advance\dimen@-\pageshrink
+    \ifdim\dimen@>\pagegoal\@midfalse\p@gefalse\fi\fi
+  \if@mid \bigskip\box\z@\bigbreak
+  \else\insert\topins{\penalty100 % floating insertion
+    \splittopskip\z@skip
+    \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty\z@
+    \ifp@ge \dimen@\dp\z@
+    \vbox to\vsize{\unvbox\z@\kern-\dimen@}% depth is zero
+    \else \box\z@\nobreak\bigskip\fi}\fi\endgroup}
+ 
+% Hyphenation, miscellaneous macros, and initial values for standard layout
+ 
+\lefthyphenmin=2 \righthyphenmin=3 % disallow x- or -xx breaks
+\input hyphen
+ 
+\def\magnification{\afterassignment\m@g\count@}
+\def\m@g{\mag\count@
+  \hsize6.5truein\vsize8.9truein\dimen\footins8truein}
+ 
+\def\tracingall{\tracingonline\@ne\tracingcommands\tw@\tracingstats\tw@
+  \tracingpages\@ne\tracingoutput\@ne\tracinglostchars\@ne
+  \tracingmacros\tw@\tracingparagraphs\@ne\tracingrestores\@ne
+  \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen\errorstopmode}
+
+\font\tenrm=cmr10 % aw hell.
+\def\showhyphens#1{\setbox0\vbox{\parfillskip\z@skip\hsize\maxdimen\tenrm
+  \pretolerance\m@ne\tolerance\m@ne\hbadness0\showboxdepth0\ #1}}
+ 
+\endinput
+
+% 2014/04/11 brought up to date with plain.tex for 3.141592653
+% 92/11/03 brought up to date with plain.tex for 3.0