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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2014-04-06 21:15:58 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2014-04-06 21:15:58 +0000
commit0ce2f46e2ef2adc846f48795960774774e88c815 (patch)
tree04c175a4541022ee79d3caf0258b097370fd6906 /Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/example
parentc8c8ee7c1edfe3eb973f91430ecb4e4aed400730 (diff)
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+% example.sty 20 May 91
+%------------------------------------------------------------
+% Copyright (c) 1988, 1991 by J.Schrod.
+% Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+
+%
+% LaTeX style option example
+% tested with style article, should also work with other styles
+% don't use it with twoside or twocolumn option
+%
+% [LaTeX in MAKEPROG]
+
+
+%
+% Author
+% js: Joachim Schrod <xitijsch@ddathd21.bitnet>
+% Contributors
+% (** enough place for your name **)
+%
+
+%
+% VERSION HISTORY (MSCF -- most significant change first)
+%
+% DATE WHO REMARKS
+% 91-05-20 js documentation added for distribution
+% 88-06-29 js created it for THD LaTeX tutorial
+
+
+
+
+%%%%
+%%%%
+%%%% These TeX macros were documented with the documentation system
+%%%% MAKEPROG and automatically converted to the current form.
+%%%% If you have MAKEPROG available you may transform it back to
+%%%% the original input: Remove every occurence of three percents
+%%%% and one optional blank from the beginning of a line and remove
+%%%% every line which starts with four percents. The following lex
+%%%% program will do this:
+%%%%
+%%%% %%
+%%%%
+%%%% ^%%%\ ? ;
+%%%% ^%%%%.*\n ;
+%%%%
+%%%% MAKEPROG may be obtained over the net from the Bitnet-Listserver
+%%%% LISTSERV@DHDURZ1 (filelist WEBWARE), from tuglib@science.utah.edu,
+%%%% or via ftp from june.cs.washington.edu.
+%%%%
+%%%%
+%%% \documentstyle[progltx,example]{article}
+
+
+%%% \nofiles % don't need an aux file
+%%% \hfuzz=18pt % expected overfull hboxes in code
+
+
+%%% \begin{document}
+
+
+%%% \title{The {\tt example\/} Style Option}
+%%% \author{% % LaTeX does not discard unnecessary glue...
+%%% Joachim Schrod%
+%%% \thanks{%
+%%% TU~Darmstadt, Alexanderstr.~10, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany.\hfil\break
+%%% Email: {\tt xitijsch@ddathd21.bitnet}.%
+%%% }%
+%%% }
+%%% \date{20 May 91}
+
+%%% \maketitle
+
+
+
+%%% \chap What's this style option for?.
+
+%%% This style option makes it easier to produce examples for \TeX{}
+%%% courses. It realizes an |example| environment; the text within such
+%%% an environment is typeset two times: On the left side just like any
+%%% ordinary text, on the right side verbatim. So an author can be sure
+%%% that the verbatim and the typeset part of an \TeX{} example is
+%%% consistent. The usage is simple: Type
+%%% %
+%%% \begin{quote}
+%%% |\begin{example}|
+%%% |Some \TeX{} text.|
+%%% |\end{example}|
+%%% \end{quote}
+%%% %
+%%% and you get
+%%% %
+%%% \begin{example}
+%%% Some \TeX{} text.
+%%% \end{example}
+%%% %
+%%% Just note one important point: {\it The end of the environment must
+%%% be on a line of it's own, there must be no space in front of the
+%%% |\end|, and there must be no text -- even no comment -- behind}. For
+%%% further information have a look at the section on possible
+%%% enhancements.
+
+
+%%% \sect This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+%%% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+%%% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version~1, or (at your
+%%% option) any later version.
+
+%%% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+%%% {\bf without any warranty\/}; without even the implied warranty of
+%%% {\bf merchantability\/} or {\bf fitness for a particular purpose}. See
+%%% the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+%%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+%%% along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+%%% Inc., 675~Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA~02139, USA.
+
+
+%%% \sect The implementation uses an auxiliary file. This file has the
+%%% extension |tmp|. Be aware of this if you use such a file name in other
+%%% options. The file is not needed outside of the environment.
+
+%%% All public markups start with |Example|, all private ones with
+%%% |example_|. These two prefixes are reserved.
+
+%%% The width of an example column is available for inspection and change
+%%% in the dimension register |\ExampleWidth|.
+
+
+%%% \sect This style option still has at least one problem which you
+%%% should be aware of: I've encountered false indentation while I've
+%%% used it within an item of a |list| environment. I remember that there
+%%% was a difference if it was used with or without text in front of it.
+%%% But I didn't needed this stuff so I decided not to look at.
+
+%%% Might be, that |\everypar| is not handled correctly or that some flags
+%%% should be looked at. (Remember that an |\item| in \LaTeX{} does not
+%%% set anything -- it just stores it away until the start of the next
+%%% paragraph!)
+
+%%% Furthermore I set |\oddsidemargin| and |\evensidemargin| to 0\,pt, but
+%%% I do not remember why. Is this really necessary? (I should have
+%%% documented it in the beginning, nothing lives longer than a
+%%% provision\,\dots)
+
+
+%%% \sect And some future enhancements would be easy to make:
+%%% %
+%%% \begin{itemize}
+
+%%% \item The algorithm for typesetting the verbatim text should be those
+%%% of |progltx|. Then tabulators and all those stuff would be handled
+%%% right.
+
+%%% \item The algorithm for detecting the environment end should be those
+%%% of |progltx|, too. It would allow for comments; a markup which forbids
+%%% a comment behind it should be forbidden.
+
+%%% \item There should be a way to specify texts which are only printed in
+%%% the \TeX{} part resp.\ the verbatim part. This would be helpful for
+%%% inserting help lines, additional information etc. (Implementation is
+%%% straightforward.)
+
+%%% \item The implementation does not care for the |twoside| option. Then
+%%% the order should be mirrored. I.e., verbatim left and \TeX{} text
+%%% right.
+
+%%% \item Other arrangements of \TeX{} text and verbatim text should be
+%%% possible. E.g., on a slide there should not be beside each other but
+%%% below. Perhaps also on a multi-column layout.
+
+%%% \end{itemize}
+
+
+%%% \sect Before we start we declare some shorthands for category codes.
+%%% By declaring the underscore~`(|_|)' as letters we can use it in our
+%%% macros. (I agree with {\sc D.~Knuth} that
+%%% |\identifier_several_words_long| is more readable than
+%%% |\IdentifierSeveralWordsLong| and in every case better than
+%%% |\p@@@s|.) As this is a \LaTeX{} style option the at sign is a letter
+%%% anyhow; so we can use the ``private'' Plain and \LaTeX{} macros; and
+%%% with the underscore we can make our own macros more readable. But as
+%%% we have to restore this category code at the end of this macro file
+%%% we store its former value in the control sequence |\uscode|. This
+%%% method is better than to use a group because not all macros have to
+%%% be defined global this way.
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\chardef\escape=0
+\chardef\open=1
+\chardef\close=2
+\chardef\letter=11
+\chardef\other=12
+%\chardef\active=13 % is defined in Plain already
+
+\chardef\uscode=\catcode`\_ % top level macro file!
+
+\catcode`\_=\letter
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect Now some setup where I don't remember why I've done them,
+%%% perhaps it was only needed in our tutorials. -- But never change a
+%%% running program by yourself, let others do the work\,\dots
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\oddsidemargin=0pt
+\evensidemargin=\oddsidemargin
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+
+
+%%% \chap The Work is Simple.
+
+%%% Guess, the problem of implementation is no problem: We write the whole
+%%% stuff to a file and read it back twice. One time for typesetting it as
+%%% it is, second time for typesetting it verbatim. That's all.
+
+%%% So let's define our file variable and name first:
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\newwrite\example_file
+\def\example_name{\jobname.tmp } % <-- space!
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect Both parts of one example will be placed besides each other. We
+%%% use the margin for the example, too. (There is not much place anyhow.)
+%%% Between the two parts there is |\columnsep| space left.
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\newdimen\ExampleWidth
+ \ExampleWidth=\textwidth
+ \advance\ExampleWidth by \marginparwidth % stick into margins
+ \advance\ExampleWidth by -\columnsep % between columns
+ \divide\ExampleWidth by 2
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect When we're about, we may specify how to set the two parts. We
+%%% may assume that the complete text is in the file |\example_name|. Both
+%%% parts are typeset as minipages (it's better than vtop's for
+%%% |\footnote| examples and such like). Sectioning markups and other
+%%% stuff which setup things must behave as if they were not there --
+%%% nobody wants an entry in his table of contents because he has used a
+%%% |\section| markup in an example.
+
+%%% The horizontal rules are needed for a better (still not correct)
+%%% interline spacing.
+
+%%% {\it FIXME: How about index and glossary entries?}
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\def\ExampleSet{%
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{\ExampleWidth}%
+ \hrule height\z@
+ \def\markboth##1##2{}%
+ \def\markright##1{}%
+ \def\addcontentsline##1##2##3{}%
+ \input \example_name
+ \par
+ \hrule height\z@
+ \end{minipage}%
+ }
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect Grmpfh, the \LaTeX{} |verbatim| environment is sloppy
+%%% implemented (to say it polite). I will establish at least that a tab
+%%% is typeset as 8~spaces; this will help some people.
+
+%%% {\it FIXME: other\/ |verbatim| implementation!}
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\^^I=\active
+ \gdef\@vobeytabs{\catcode`\^^I\active \let^^I\@xobeytab}
+ \global\let^^I=\@xobeytab% % for \write's
+\endgroup
+\def\@xobeytab{\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space}
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect The verbatim code is taken from \LaTeX{}:
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\def\ExampleVerb{%
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{\ExampleWidth}%
+ \hrule height\z@
+ \begingroup
+ \small
+ \parindent\z@
+ \rightskip\@flushglue
+ \@makeother\"\@verbatim
+ \frenchspacing \@vobeyspaces \@vobeytabs
+ \input \example_name
+ \endverbatim
+ \endgroup
+ \hrule height\z@
+ \end{minipage}%
+ }
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+
+
+%%% \chap Writing the example to the auxiliary file.
+
+%%% Now we come to the real environment: We open our auxiliary file and
+%%% start copying line by line afterwards. When we see the environment
+%%% end we will finish. As a convenience for input we will ignore empty
+%%% lines at the beginning of the example, this is flagged by |@ignore|.
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\def\example{
+ \par
+ \immediate\openout\example_file\example_name
+ \begingroup
+ \@makeother\"\let\do\@makeother \dospecials
+ \obeylines \obeyspaces
+ \@ignoretrue \copy_line
+ }
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect We need a reference line of the example end to compare against.
+%%% This line we call |\end_of_example|. Of course all catcodes have to
+%%% set up appropriately.
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\|=\escape % | is temporary escape character
+ \catcode`\[=\open % [ and ] are temporary grouping symbols
+ \catcode`\]=\close
+ \catcode`\{=\other % these are `other' in verbatim mode
+ \catcode`\}=\other
+ \catcode`\\=|other
+ |gdef|end_of_example[\end{example}]
+|endgroup
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect Following the ``golden rules of \TeX{} macro coding,'' we will
+%%% split gathering of the next line and working with it. If the line
+%%% equals our reference line we will stop our envirenment. Of course, we
+%%% must call |\end| ourselves as we have just read it from the input and
+%%% it is already tokenized.
+
+%%% If we are inmidst the example we write the line to the auxiliary file,
+%%% if we shall not skip empty lines as indicated by |@ignore|.
+
+%%% {\it FIXME: The comparison should not be so rude!}
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\begingroup
+ \obeylines \gdef\copy_line#1^^M{\write_line{#1}}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\write_line#1{%
+ \def\next{#1}%
+ \ifx \next\end_of_example
+ \def\next{\end{example}}% % finish example
+ \else
+ \ifx \next\empty
+ \if@ignore % ignore empty lines at the beginning
+ \else % but write them out later
+ \immediate\write\example_file{\next}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \immediate\write\example_file{\next}%
+ \@ignorefalse % at least one non-empty line written
+ \fi
+ \let\next\copy_line % next line of example
+ \fi
+ \next
+ }
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect Now we may handle our real work: The example text is written
+%%% out, we just have to set it two times. But first we must close the
+%%% file. Both parts are set by a |\leftline| which inserts glue by |\hss|
+%%% and will not yield an overfull hbox this way, it just sticks out to
+%%% the right.
+
+%%% We try to mimic a displayed equation in spacing -- it's better than
+%%% nothing (polishing needed).
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\def\endexample{%
+ \endgroup
+ \immediate\closeout\example_file
+ \penalty \predisplaypenalty
+ \vskip \abovedisplayskip
+ \leftline{\ExampleSet \hskip\columnsep \ExampleVerb}%
+ \penalty \postdisplaypenalty
+ \vskip \belowdisplayskip
+ }
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+%%% \sect We must restore our catcode and are finished.
+
+%%% \beginprog
+\catcode`\_=\uscode
+
+\endinput
+%%% \endprog
+
+
+
+%%% \end{document}