update elsarticle from ctan, include the doc since source is now provided,

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@10740 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
author: Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at> 2008-09-27 11:24:41 +0000
committer: Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at> 2008-09-27 11:24:41 +0000
commit: 5d3a1476294a9dba906948950a7f0db1f32a24c0 (patch)
tree: 6804675b3ed490b1120e888de79c9fa63ef74dc8 /Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle
parent: 4fd3bbead92f1936110c05950d40436536c6494a (diff)
24 files changed, 12171 insertions, 236 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..070f28b9afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+all: clean create
+
+clean:
+	@rm *.cls *.bst *.tex *.log
+
+create:
+	@latex elsarticle.ins
+
+copy:
+	@cp *.cls *.bst *.tex ../
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..132e179ff97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#
+# Makefile to generate documentation
+#
+
+all: pdf view
+
+pdf:
+	@cp ../elsdoc.tex . 
+	pdflatex elsdoc
+	@cp mytool.tex mytools.tex
+	pdflatex jfigs
+	pdflatex elsdoc
+	pdflatex elsdoc
+
+view:
+	acroread elsdoc.pdf
+
+xview:
+	xpdf elsdoc.pdf
+
+
+clean:
+	@rm *.djs *.out *.log *.aux *.images xx.tex tmp.tex 
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/bg_body1.jpg b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/bg_body1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4f16f9eb557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/bg_body1.jpg
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/doc-tooltips.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/doc-tooltips.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..929d0004bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/doc-tooltips.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+%%
+%% doc-tooltips.sty
+%%
+%% $Id: doc-tooltips.sty,v 1.2 2007-10-22 09:45:17 cvr Exp $
+%%
+%% (c) C. V. Radhakrishnan <cvr@river-valley.com>
+%%
+%% This package may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project 
+%% Public License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
+%%
+\usepackage[pdftex]{eforms}[2006/10/03]
+\usepackage[noextratext,movetips,filename=jfigs]{fancytooltips}
+\colorlet{tooltipcolor}{magenta!80}
+
+\def\tooltip#1#2{\@bsphack
+  \write\@auxout{\noexpand\TooltipPage{\thepage}}\@esphack%
+  \checkTipNumber{#2}\edef\TipNumber{\FindTipNumber{#2}}%
+  \leavevmode%
+  \setbox0=\hbox{{\color{tooltipcolor}#1}}%
+  \hbox to \wd0{%
+  \hb@xt@\z@{\copy0}%
+  \pushButton[\BC{}\BG{}\S{}\AA{\AAMouseExit{\JS{CloseTooltips();}}%
+  \AAMouseEnter{\JS{this.getField("ikona."+(this.pageNum+1)).hidden=false;%
+      try {app.clearInterval(animace);}catch (e){}%
+      \ifmovetips nastav(\TipNumber);\fi
+      zobraz(\TipNumber);}}}]%
+    {TooltipField}{\wd0}{\ht0}}}%
+\newtoks\@enLab  %\newtoks\@enfont
+\def\@enQmark{?}
+\def\@enLabel#1#2{%
+  \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%
+  \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+  \@enloop}
+\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }
+\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}
+\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}
+\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}
+\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}
+\def\@enloop@{%
+  \ifx A\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph  }\else
+  \ifx a\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph  }\else
+  \ifx i\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else
+  \ifx I\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else
+  \ifx 1\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else
+  \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace         \else
+  \ifx \bgroup\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@enGroup         \else
+  \ifx \@enum@\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@gobble          \else
+                         \let\@tempa\@enOther
+             \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+  \@tempa}
+\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}
+\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+            minus.2\baselineskip}
+\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip
+            minus.05\baselineskip}
+\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}
+\def\enumerate{% 
+   \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
+      \advance\@enumdepth \@ne
+      \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi
+   \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}
+\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
+  \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
+  \@enloop#1\@enum@
+  \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
+   ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
+  \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
+  \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
+  \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7
+  \expandafter\settowidth
+            \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
+%            {#1\hspace{\labelsep}}%
+            {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%
+  \@enum@}
+\newdimen\lmrgn
+\lmrgn=2em
+\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%
+           {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
+		   \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else
+           \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi
+		   \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+		   \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi
+			\setlength\leftmargin{\lmrgn}%%%{1.8em}
+		   \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+		   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}}}
+		   
+\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else 
+           \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}
+
+\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}
+
+\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}
+
+\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%
+  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+	  \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+		\ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname 
+		 labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%
+		\edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+		\expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+		{\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+	\fi}
+    
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of package 'doc-tooltips.sty'
+%%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/docscreen.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/docscreen.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36d072857ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/docscreen.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@
+%%                                   
+%%
+%% This is file `docscreen.sty',
+%%
+%% File: docscreen.sty Copyright (c) 2008 C. V. Radhakrishnan
+%%                                   <cvr@river-valley.org> 
+%%    
+%% This package may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project 
+%% Public License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
+%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\def\fileversion{v.1.0}\def\filedate{2008/07/07}
+\ProvidesPackage{docscreen}
+          [\filedate\space\fileversion\space  screen PDF design (CVR)]
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{color,calc}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\newcounter{panel}
+\newif\if@screen    \@screenfalse
+\newif\if@print     \@printfalse
+\newif\if@sidebar   \@sidebarfalse
+\newif\if@samepage  \@samepagefalse
+\newif\if@nocfg     \@nocfgfalse
+\newif\if@orange    \@orangefalse
+\newif\if@bluelace  \@bluelacefalse
+\newif\if@chocolate \@chocolatefalse
+\newif\if@palegreen \@palegreenfalse
+\newif\if@blue      \@bluefalse
+\newif\if@gray      \@grayfalse
+\newif\if@default   \@defaultfalse
+\newif\if@paneltoc  \@paneltocfalse
+\newif\if@code      \@codefalse
+\newif\if@sectionbreak\@sectionbreakfalse
+\newcounter{driver} \newcounter{scheme}
+\DeclareOption{pdftex}{\setcounter{driver}{0}}
+\DeclareOption{dvips}{\setcounter{driver}{1}}
+\DeclareOption{nocfg}{\@nocfgtrue}
+\DeclareOption{panelleft}{\setcounter{panel}{1}}
+\DeclareOption{leftpanel}{\setcounter{panel}{1}}
+\DeclareOption{panelright}{\setcounter{panel}{2}}
+\DeclareOption{rightpanel}{\setcounter{panel}{2}}
+\DeclareOption{vpanel}{\setcounter{panel}{3}}
+\DeclareOption{nopanel}{\setcounter{panel}{0}}
+\DeclareOption{print}{\@printtrue}
+\DeclareOption{screen}{\@screentrue}
+\DeclareOption{sidebar}{\setcounter{panel}{1}}
+\DeclareOption{nopanel}{\setcounter{panel}{0}}
+\DeclareOption{paneltoc}{\@paneltoctrue}
+\DeclareOption{code}{\@codetrue}
+\DeclareOption{sectionbreak}{\@sectionbreaktrue}
+\def\DOCSCR@Warning#1{}%\PackageWarning{docscreen}{#1}}
+\def\DOCSCR@Info#1{}%\PackageInfo{docscreen}{#1}}
+\def\DOCSCR@WarningNoLine#1{}%\PackageWarningNoLine{docscreen}{#1}}
+  \def\paneltitlepagename#1{\gdef\@Paneltitlepagename{#1}}
+  \def\panlabstractname#1{\gdef\@Panelabstractname{#1}}
+  \def\panelcontentsname#1{\gdef\@Panelcontentsname{#1}}
+  \def\panelhomepagename#1{\gdef\@Panelhomepagename{#1}}
+  \def\panelfullscreenname#1{\gdef\@Panelfullscreenname{#1}}
+  \def\panelgobackname#1{\gdef\@Panelgobackname{#1}}
+  \def\panelclosename#1{\gdef\@Panelclosename{#1}}
+  \def\panelquitname#1{\gdef\@Panelquitname{#1}}
+  \def\panelpagename#1{\gdef\@Panelpagename{#1}}
+  \def\panelofname#1{\gdef\@Panelofname{#1}}
+  \let\@Paneltitlepagename\@empty \let\@Panelabstractname\@empty
+  \let\@Panelcontentsname\@empty  \let\@Panelhomepagename\@empty
+  \let\@Panelgobackname\@empty    \let\@Panelgobackname\@empty
+  \let\@Panelquitname\@empty      \let\@Panelclosename\@empty
+  \let\@Panelpagename\@empty      \let\@Panelofname\@empty
+  \let\@Panelfullscreenname\@empty
+  \paneltitlepagename{Title Page}
+  \panlabstractname{Abstract}
+  \panelcontentsname{Contents}
+  \panelfullscreenname{Full Screen}
+  \panelhomepagename{Home Page}
+  \panelgobackname{Go Back}
+  \panelclosename{Close}
+  \panelquitname{Quit}
+  \panelpagename{Page}
+  \panelofname{of}
+\ProcessOptions
+%******** Screen options starts here *****************
+\if@screen
+\@ifundefined{hyperref}{%
+ \ifcase\thedriver\RequirePackage[pdftex]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[dvips]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[dvipsone]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[dvipdf]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[dvipdfm]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[dviwindo]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[ps2pdf]{hyperref}\or
+  \RequirePackage[vtex]{hyperref}\or
+ \DOCSCR@Warning{Unknown backend driver}
+ \fi}
+ {\DOCSCR@Warning{hyperref already loaded}}
+\hypersetup{pagebackref,pdfpagemode=none,colorlinks,%
+             pdfmenubar=false,%
+             pdftoolbar=false,%
+             pdffitwindow=true,pdfcenterwindow=true,%
+             pdfwindowui=false,menucolor=menucolor,%
+             pdfview=Fit,pdfstartview=Fit,backref}
+\includecomment{screen}
+\excludecomment{print}
+\def\ScreenLastPage{100}
+  \definecolor{coxcolor}{rgb}{1,.937,.835}
+  \definecolor{boxcolor}{rgb}{.001,0,.502}
+  \definecolor{bboxcolor}{rgb}{.9,.941,.902}
+  \definecolor{rcolor}{rgb}{.439,.502,.565}
+  \definecolor{olivedrab}{rgb}{.42,.557,.137}
+  \definecolor{fcolor}{rgb}{0,1,1}
+  \definecolor{orange}{rgb}{1,.549,0}
+  \definecolor{orange1}{rgb}{1,.5,0}
+  \definecolor{menucolor}{rgb}{1,.25,0}
+  \definecolor{paleblue}{rgb}{0,0,0.1}
+  \definecolor{panelbackground}{rgb}{.455,.832,.979}
+  \definecolor{logobackground}{rgb}{.35,.73,.87}
+  \definecolor{buttonbackground}{rgb}{0,.624,.820}
+  \definecolor{buttonshadow}{rgb}{.001,0,.502}
+  \definecolor{section0}{rgb}{0,.5,.1}
+  \definecolor{section1}{rgb}{0,.5,1}
+  \definecolor{section2}{rgb}{0,.5,.7}
+  \definecolor{section3}{rgb}{0,.5,.4}
+  \definecolor{section4}{rgb}{.4,.5,.2}
+  \definecolor{section5}{rgb}{.5,.5,.3}
+
+%
+%------------------------ Macros for code listing --------------
+\if@code
+\def\verbatim@font{%
+  \normalfont \ttfamily\small
+  \color{section0}
+  \catcode`\<=\active
+  \catcode`\>=\active
+}
+\begingroup
+  \catcode`\<=\active
+  \catcode`\>=\active
+  \gdef<{\@ifnextchar<\@lt\@meta}
+  \gdef>{\@ifnextchar>\@gt\@gtr@err}
+  \gdef\@meta#1>{\@PDFm{#1}}
+  \gdef\@lt<{\char`\<}
+  \gdef\@gt>{\char`\>}
+\endgroup
+\def\@gtr@err{%
+   \DOCSCR@Warning{%
+      Isolated \protect>\MessageBreak%
+      In this document class, \protect<...\protect>\MessageBreak
+      is used to indicate a parameter.\MessageBreak
+      I've just found a \protect> on its own.\MessageBreak
+      Perhaps you meant to type \protect>\protect>?
+   }%
+}
+\def\verbatim@nolig@list{\do\`\do\,\do\'\do\-}
+\def\@PDFm#1{\mbox{\color{red}$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$}}
+\def\arg#1{{\color{section1}{\tt\string{}\@PDFm{#1}{\tt\string}}}}
+\def\@PDFM#1{\mbox{\color{red}\it#1\/}}
+\def\Arg#1{{\color{section1}{\tt\string{}\@PDFM{#1}{\tt\string}}}}
+\def\oarg#1{{\color{section1}{\tt[}\@PDFm{#1}{\tt]}}}
+\def\Oarg#1{{\color{section1}{\tt[}\@PDFM{#1}{\tt]}}}
+ \definecolor{wheat}{rgb}{.96, .87, .70}
+ \definecolor{oldlace}{rgb}{.992, .96187, .902}
+ \definecolor{snow}{rgb}{1, .98, .98}
+ \definecolor{ghostwhite}{rgb}{.973, .973, 1}
+ \definecolor{cornsilk}{rgb}{1, .973, .863}
+ \definecolor{honeydew}{rgb}{.941, 1, .941}
+ \definecolor{lavenderdark}{rgb}{.8, .8, .9529411}
+ \definecolor{lavender}{rgb}{.902, .902, .980}
+ \definecolor{lightblue}{rgb}{.8, .8, .95}
+ \definecolor{lightgray}{rgb}{.827, .827, .827}
+ \definecolor{lightsteelblue}{rgb}{.690, .769, .871}
+ \definecolor{lightturquoise}{rgb}{.686, .933, .933}
+ \definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{.0, .392, .0}
+ \definecolor{yellowgreen}{rgb}{.604, .804, .196}
+ \definecolor{vlightblue}{rgb}{.88, .85, .95}
+ \definecolor{khaki}{rgb}{.741, .718, .42}
+\@ifundefined{rowcolor}{}{\arrayrulecolor{section1}}
+\definecolor{tabcolor}{rgb}{.973, .973, 1}
+\@ifundefined{decl}{%
+\newenvironment{decl}[1][]%
+    {\par\small\addvspace{1.5ex plus .5ex minus .5ex}%
+     \vskip -\parskip
+     \noindent\hspace{-\leftmarginii}%
+     \bgroup\begin{tabular}{|>{\columncolor{tabcolor}}l|}\hline\\[-6pt]
+      \ignorespaces}%
+    {\\[3pt]\hline\end{tabular}\egroup\par%
+     \vspace{1.5ex}\ignorespacesafterend\noindent}}{}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+\fi %---------- end of \if@code option ----------
+%
+%-------------- Button macros -------------
+%
+\@ifundefined{@PDFbox}{\newbox\@PDFbox}{}
+\@ifundefined{@tempdimc}{\newdimen\@tempdimc}{}
+\newdimen\shadowsize
+\shadowsize 1pt
+\def\shadowbox{\PDFBox\@shadowbox}
+\def\@shadowbox#1{%
+  \setbox\@PDFbox\hbox{\fbox{#1}}%
+  \leavevmode\vbox{%
+    \offinterlineskip
+    \dimen@=\shadowsize
+    \advance\dimen@ .5\fboxrule
+    \hbox{\copy\@PDFbox\kern-.5\fboxrule\lower\shadowsize\hbox{%
+      \vrule \@height\ht\@PDFbox \@depth\dp\@PDFbox \@width\dimen@}}%
+    \vskip-\dimen@
+    \moveright\shadowsize\vbox{%
+      \hrule \@width\wd\@PDFbox \@height\dimen@}}}
+\newtoks\do@PDFBox
+\def\PDFBox#1{%
+  \do@PDFBox{#1}%
+  \afterassignment\begin@PDFBox
+  \setbox\@PDFbox=\hbox}
+\def\begin@PDFBox{\aftergroup\end@PDFBox}
+\def\end@PDFBox{\the\do@PDFBox{\box\@PDFbox}}%
+%
+  \definecolor{buttondisable}{gray}{.7}
+  \definecolor{Gray}{rgb}{.895,.93,.916}
+  \def\FBlack{\ifnum\thepage=1\color{buttondisable}\else\Black\fi}
+  \def\LBlack{\ifnum\thepage=\number\ScreenLastPage\color{buttondisable}%
+      \else\Black\fi}
+  \def\ContPage{2}
+  \def\DBlack{\ifnum\thepage=\number\ContPage\color{buttondisable}%
+      \else\Black\fi}
+  \def\Black{\color{black}}
+    \def\contentsname{\protect\hypertarget{contents}{\@Panelcontentsname}
+      \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\gdef\string\ContPage{\thepage}}}
+    \def\abstractname{\protect\hypertarget{abstract}{\@Panelabstractname}}
+    \def\emailid#1{\def\@emailid{mailto:#1}}
+    \def\urlid#1{\def\@urlid{http://#1}}
+    \def\markboth#1#2{\gdef\lmark{#1}\gdef\rmark{#2}}
+    \def\emblema#1{\def\@emblema{#1}}
+    \def\@grerr{\phantom{XXXXXXXX}}
+    \def\affname#1{\def\@affname{#1}}
+    \def\@afferr{Name of Organization}
+    \def\@diverr{Name of Division}
+    \def\divname#1{\def\@divname{#1}}
+    \newlength\panelwidth
+    \ifnum\thepanel>0%
+     \setlength\panelwidth{.15\paperwidth}%%.25
+      \ifdim\panelwidth<1in\setlength\panelwidth{1in}\fi\else
+     \setlength\panelwidth{0pt}
+    \fi
+  \fboxsep0pt\fboxrule.2pt
+  \RequirePackage{amssymb,amsbsy}
+  \def\btl{\ensuremath{\blacktriangleleft}}
+  \def\rtl{\ensuremath{\blacktriangleright}}
+\def\panelfont{\fontsize{7pt}{7pt}\itshape\selectfont}
+\def\st{\hbox{\vrule height10pt depth5pt width\z@}\panelfont}
+\def\addButton#1#2{\begingroup\normalsfcodes\fboxsep0pt\fboxrule.4pt\shadowsize.4pt%
+       \sffamily\color{white}\shadowbox{\colorbox{buttonbackground}%
+       {\hbox to #1{\hfil\Black\st#2\hfil}}\color{buttonshadow}}\endgroup}
+%
+%------------ Panel macros ----------------
+%
+\def\paneloverlay#1{\gdef\@paneloverlay{#1}}
+\def\paneloverlayempty{\let\@paneloverlay\@empty}
+\let\@paneloverlay\@empty
+\def\@panel{%
+     \begingroup\normalsfcodes\ifx\@paneloverlay\@empty%
+      \colorbox{panelbackground}{\panel}%
+   \else%
+    \vbox to\z@{\hbox to\z@{\includegraphics[width=\panelwidth,%%
+        height=\panelheight]{\@paneloverlay}%
+       \hspace{-\panelwidth}\hfill}\vspace{-\panelheight}\vfill}%
+   \panel\fi%
+  \endgroup}%
+
+
+\def\panel{%
+     \begin{minipage}[t][\panelheight][c]{\panelwidth}%
+%       \normalsfcodes%
+%       \centering%
+%      \if@paneltoc%
+%       \@panel@toc\par\vfill\else\relax\fi%
+      \NavigationPanel
+     \end{minipage}%
+}
+\def\vpaneloverlay#1{\gdef\@vpaneloverlay{#1}}
+\def\vpaneloverlayempty{\let\@vpaneloverlay\@empty}
+\let\@vpaneloverlay\@empty
+\def\@vpanel{%
+     \begingroup\normalsfcodes\ifx\@vpaneloverlay\@empty%
+      \colorbox{panelbackground}{\vpanel}%
+   \else%
+    \vbox to\z@{\hbox to\z@{\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth,%%
+        height=\vpanelheight]{\@vpaneloverlay}%
+       \hspace{-\paperwidth}\hfill}\vspace{-\vpanelheight}\vfill}%
+   \vpanel\fi%
+  \endgroup}%
+
+
+\def\vpanel{%
+       \begin{minipage}[t][\vpanelheight][c]{\paperwidth}%
+       \normalsfcodes%
+   \par\vfill
+   \null\vspace*{1pt}
+   \end{minipage}%
+}
+%
+
+%
+\def\imageButton#1#2#3{\includegraphics[width=#1,height=#2]{#3}}
+\newdimen\buttonwidth\newdimen\smallbuttonwidth
+\setlength\buttonwidth{.7\panelwidth}
+\setlength\smallbuttonwidth{.35\panelwidth}
+\addtolength{\smallbuttonwidth}{-1.2pt}
+\def\NavigationPanel{\normalsfcodes%
+     \href{\@urlid}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\@Panelhomepagename}}\\ \pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{FirstPage}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\FBlack\@Paneltitlepagename}}\\\pfill
+     \if@paneltoc\relax\else%
+      \hyperlink{contents}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\DBlack\@Panelcontentsname}}\\\pfill\fi
+     \Acrobatmenu{FirstPage}{\addButton{\smallbuttonwidth}{\FBlack\scalebox{.8}[1.4]{\btl\btl}}}\hspace*{-2pt}
+     \Acrobatmenu{LastPage}{\addButton{\smallbuttonwidth}{\LBlack\scalebox{.8}[1.4]{\rtl\rtl}}}\\\pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{PrevPage}{\addButton{\smallbuttonwidth}{\FBlack\scalebox{.8}[1.4]{\btl}}}\hspace*{-2pt}
+     \Acrobatmenu{NextPage}{\addButton{\smallbuttonwidth}{\LBlack\scalebox{.8}[1.4]{\rtl}}}\\\pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{GoToPage}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\@Panelpagename\space
+       \textcolor{red}{\thepage}\space\@Panelofname\space
+       \textcolor{red}{\ScreenLastPage}}}\\\pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{GoBack}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\@Panelgobackname}}\\\pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{FullScreen}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\@Panelfullscreenname}}\\\pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{Close}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\@Panelclosename}}\\\pfill
+     \Acrobatmenu{Quit}{\addButton{\buttonwidth}{\@Panelquitname}}\\
+}
+\def\pfill{\vfill}
+%
+%-------------- Verbatim fix -------------
+%
+% This code is provided by DP Story
+\newdimen\@PDFspaceleft
+\def\@PDFpagespace{%
+  \ifdim\pagetotal=0pt
+     \@PDFspaceleft=\vsize
+   \else
+     \@PDFspaceleft=\pagegoal
+     \advance\@PDFspaceleft by-\pagetotal
+ \fi}
+\let\@PDFverbatim\verbatim
+\let\@PDFendverbatim\endverbatim
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+   \def\verbatim{\begingroup\setbox0=\vbox\bgroup
+         \hsize=\linewidth%
+         \@PDFverbatim\verbatim@font}
+   \def\endverbatim{\@PDFendverbatim\egroup
+    \@PDFpagespace\ifdim\@PDFspaceleft>\ht0 
+       \else 
+        \setbox1=\vsplit0 to\@PDFspaceleft
+        \verbatim@font\unvbox1 \penalty\@M
+       \fi
+    \ifvoid0\relax\else\verbatim@font\unvbox0\fi
+    \endgroup}
+  \def\@verb{\@vobeyspaces \frenchspacing\@sverb}
+} 
+
+% end of DPS' code
+%
+%-------------- end of Verbatim fix -------------
+%
+%-------------- Layout macros ------------------- 
+%
+  \newdimen\@Leftmargin   \@Leftmargin=0cm
+  \newdimen\@Rightmargin  \@Rightmargin=0cm
+  \newdimen\@Topmargin    \@Topmargin=0in
+  \newdimen\@Bottommargin \@Bottommargin=0in
+  %
+\setlength\headheight{0pt}
+\setlength\headsep   {0pt}
+\setlength\footskip  {0pt}
+\hoffset=0pt
+\voffset=0pt
+\pagestyle{empty}
+%
+  \def\InitLayout{
+    \setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth}
+    \addtolength{\textwidth}{-\@Leftmargin}
+    \addtolength{\textwidth}{-\@Rightmargin}
+    \setlength{\textheight}{\paperheight}
+    \addtolength{\textheight}{-\@Topmargin}
+    \addtolength{\textheight}{-\@Bottommargin}
+    \addtolength{\textheight}{-\headheight}
+    \addtolength{\textheight}{-\headsep}
+    \addtolength{\textheight}{-\footskip}
+    \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{\@Leftmargin}
+    \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1in}
+    \setlength{\evensidemargin}{\@Leftmargin}%{\@Rightmargin}
+    \addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-1in}
+    \setlength{\topmargin}{\@Topmargin}
+    \addtolength{\topmargin}{-1in}
+  }
+  \def\marginsize#1#2#3#4{
+    \@Leftmargin=#1
+    \@Rightmargin=#2
+    \@Topmargin=#3
+    \@Bottommargin=#4
+    \InitLayout
+  }
+\newdimen\Textmarginright
+\newdimen\Textmarginleft
+\newdimen\Textmargintop
+\newdimen\Textmarginbottom
+\newdimen\marginright
+\newdimen\marginleft
+\newdimen\margintop
+\newdimen\marginbottom
+\newdimen\panelheight
+\newdimen\vpanelheight
+\newdimen\LLX
+\newdimen\LLY
+\newdimen\URX
+\newdimen\URY
+\newdimen\calfactor
+\setlength\calfactor{0pt}
+\def\margins#1#2#3#4{%
+    \marginleft=#1
+    \marginright=#2
+    \margintop=#3 
+    \marginbottom=#4
+}
+\def\screensize#1#2{\paperheight=#1%
+    \paperwidth=#2
+    \InitLayout
+\ifcase\thepanel
+  \setlength\Textmarginright{\marginright}
+  \setlength\Textmarginleft{\marginleft}
+  \setlength\Textmargintop{\margintop}
+  \setlength\Textmarginbottom{\marginbottom}
+  \setlength\LLX{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\LLY{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\overlaywidth{\paperwidth}
+  \setlength\URX{\overlaywidth-2\calfactor}
+  \setlength\URY{\paperheight-2\calfactor}
+  \DOCSCR@Info{no panel options loaded}
+\or%ifnum\thepanel=1
+  \setlength\Textmarginright{\marginright}
+  \setlength\Textmarginleft{\panelwidth}
+  \addtolength\Textmarginleft{\marginleft}
+  \setlength\Textmargintop{\margintop}
+  \setlength\Textmarginbottom{\marginbottom}
+  \setlength\LLX{\panelwidth+\calfactor}
+  \setlength\LLY{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\overlaywidth{\paperwidth}
+  \addtolength\overlaywidth{-\panelwidth}
+  \setlength\URX{\overlaywidth-2\calfactor}
+  \setlength\URY{\paperheight-2\calfactor}
+  \DOCSCR@Info{left panel options loaded}
+\or%ifnum\thepanel=2
+  \setlength\Textmarginleft{\marginleft}
+  \setlength\Textmarginright{\panelwidth}
+  \addtolength\Textmarginright{\marginright}
+  \setlength\Textmargintop{\margintop}
+  \setlength\Textmarginbottom{\marginbottom}
+  \setlength\LLX{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\LLY{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\overlaywidth{\paperwidth}
+  \addtolength\overlaywidth{-\panelwidth}
+  \setlength\URX{\overlaywidth-2\calfactor}
+  \setlength\URY{\paperheight-2\calfactor}
+  \DOCSCR@Info{right panel options loaded}
+\or%\thepanel=3
+  \setlength\Textmarginleft{\marginleft}
+  \setlength\Textmarginright{\panelwidth}
+  \addtolength\Textmarginright{\marginright}
+  \setlength\Textmargintop{\margintop}
+  \addtolength\Textmargintop{\vpanelheight}
+  \setlength\Textmarginbottom{\marginbottom}
+  \setlength\LLX{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\LLY{\calfactor}
+  \setlength\overlaywidth{\paperwidth}
+  \addtolength\overlaywidth{-\panelwidth}
+	\setlength\overlayheight{\paperheight}
+	\setlength\panelheight{\paperheight}
+	\addtolength\panelheight{-\vpanelheight}
+	\addtolength\overlayheight{-\vpanelheight}
+  \setlength\URX{\overlaywidth-2\calfactor}
+  \setlength\URY{\paperheight-2\calfactor}
+  \DOCSCR@Info{right panel options loaded} 
+\or\DOCSCR@Warning{Panel specification is undefined}
+\fi
+\marginsize{\Textmarginleft}{\Textmarginright}
+           {\Textmargintop}{\Textmarginbottom}
+\InitLayout
+\DOCSCR@Info{LLX=\the\LLX \MessageBreak
+  LLY=\the\LLY \MessageBreak
+  URX=\the\URX \MessageBreak
+  URY=\the\URY \MessageBreak
+  panelwidth=\the\panelwidth \MessageBreak
+  overlaywidth=\the\overlaywidth \MessageBreak
+  textwidth=\the\textwidth \MessageBreak
+  textheight=\the\textheight \MessageBreak
+  paperwidth=\the\paperwidth \MessageBreak
+  paperheight=\the\paperheight \MessageBreak
+  calfactor=\the\calfactor \MessageBreak
+  Panel=\thepanel}
+}           
+%
+% ------------------ overlaying of images or colors --------
+%
+\let\@PDFSout@Hook\@empty
+\newcommand{\PDFSout}{\g@addto@macro\@PDFSout@Hook}
+\newcommand{\@PDFSout@Out}{%
+   \afterassignment\@PDFSout@Test
+   \global\setbox\@cclv= %
+   }
+\newcommand{\@PDFSout@Test}{%
+   \ifvoid\@cclv\relax
+      \aftergroup\@PDFSout@Output
+   \else
+      \@PDFSout@Output
+   \fi%
+   }
+\newcommand{\@PDFSout@Output}{%
+   \@PDFSout@Hook%
+   \@PDFSout@Org@Out\box\@cclv%
+   }
+\newcommand{\@PDFSout@Org@Out}{}
+\newcommand*{\@PDFSout@Init}{%
+   \let\@PDFSout@Org@Out\shipout
+   \let\shipout\@PDFSout@Out
+   }
+\AtBeginDocument{\@PDFSout@Init}
+\newcommand{\@Overlay@Hook}{}
+\newcommand{\AddToOverlay}{\g@addto@macro\@Overlay@Hook}
+\newcommand{\ClearOverlay}{\let\@Overlay@Hook\@empty}
+\newcommand{\@Overlay}{%
+  \ifx\@Overlay@Hook\@empty
+  \else
+    \bgroup
+      \@tempdima=1in
+      \@tempcnta=\@tempdima
+      \@tempcntb=-\@tempdima
+      \advance\@tempcntb\paperheight
+      \global\setbox\@cclv\vbox{%
+      \vbox{\let\protect\relax%
+        \unitlength=1sp%
+        \pictur@(0,0)(\@tempcnta,\@tempcntb)%
+          \@Overlay@Hook%
+        \endpicture}%
+        \box\@cclv%
+      }%
+    \egroup
+  \fi
+}
+\PDFSout{\@Overlay}
+%------------------- end of overlaying macros --------------
+%
+%------------------- Panel TOC macros ----------------------
+%
+\if@paneltoc
+\DOCSCR@Info{Panel TOC options loaded}
+\RequirePackage{truncate}
+\newcounter{NUM}[page]
+\def\numberline#1{}
+\def\ST{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width\z@}\scriptsize\itshape}
+\def\scrShadowButton#1#2{\begingroup\fboxsep0pt\fboxrule.6pt\shadowsize.1pt%
+       \sffamily\color{white}\shadowbox{\colorbox{buttonbackground}%
+       {\hbox to #1{\color{fgcolor}\ST#2\hfill}}\color{buttonshadow}}\endgroup}
+\def\scrNormalButton#1#2{\begingroup\sffamily\color{white}%
+         \noindent{\colorbox{panelbackground}%
+       {\hbox to #1{\color{fgcolor}\ST\hfill#2\hfill}}}\endgroup}
+\def\@@secHead{section}
+\long\def\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\def\@@cHead{#1}%
+   \ifx\@@cHead\@@secHead\stepcounter{NUM}%
+   \ifnum\thepanel@section=\theNUM%
+   {\definecolor{panelbackground}{gray}{.3}%
+    \definecolor{fgcolor}{gray}{1}%
+    \hyperlink{#4}{\,\scrNormalButton{.965\panelwidth}{\truncate{.9\panelwidth}{#2}}}%
+   }\par\vskip1truept%
+   \else
+   {\definecolor{panelbackground}{rgb}{.741, .718, .42}%%
+    \definecolor{fgcolor}{gray}{0}%
+    \hyperlink{#4}{\,\scrNormalButton{.965\panelwidth}{\truncate{.9\panelwidth}{#2}}}%
+   }\par\vskip1truept%
+   \fi\fi}
+ \newcounter{@TOC}
+ \def\PDF@@TOC{\stepcounter{@TOC}\ifnum\the@TOC>1\relax%
+      \else\tableofcontents\fi}
+\def\@panel@toc{\vbox\bgroup\rightskip0pt plus 1fill
+    \hbadness 10000
+    \InputIfFileExists{\jobname.toc}%
+        {\DOCSCR@Info{TOC file read}}%
+        {\DOCSCR@Warning{TOC file not available}%
+        \AtEndDocument{\PDF@@TOC}}%
+       \egroup}
+\fi% --- end of paneltoc option ---
+
+\def\overlay#1{\gdef\@overlay{#1}}
+\def\overlayempty{\let\@overlay\@empty}
+\let\@overlay\@empty
+\def\backgroundcolor#1{\gdef\@backgroundcolor{#1}}
+\backgroundcolor{lightcyan}
+\definecolor{lightcyan}{rgb}{.895,.93,.916}
+\newdimen\overlayheight
+\newdimen\overlaywidth
+\AddToOverlay{%
+   \setlength{\@tempdima}{0pt}
+   \setlength{\@tempdimb}{\paperwidth-2\@tempdima}
+   \setlength{\@tempdimc}{\paperheight-2\@tempdima}
+   \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}\thinlines%
+   \ifx\@overlay\@empty%
+    \DOCSCR@Warning{No overlay specified\MessageBreak
+     output will have only background color}
+     \put(\strip@pt\LLX,\strip@pt\LLY){%
+     \colorbox{\@backgroundcolor}{%
+       \color{white}\makebox(\strip@pt\URX,\strip@pt\URY)%
+       {}}}
+   \else
+     \put(\strip@pt\@tempdima,\strip@pt\@tempdima){%
+      \makebox(\strip@pt\@tempdimb,\strip@pt\@tempdimc)[bl]%
+      {\includegraphics[width=\overlaywidth,height=\panelheight]{\@overlay}}}%
+   \fi%
+  }%
+\AddToOverlay{%
+    \setlength{\@tempdima}{0mm}%
+    \setlength{\@tempdimb}{\paperwidth-2\@tempdima}%
+    \setlength{\@tempdimc}{\paperheight-2\@tempdima}%
+    \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}\thinlines%
+     \put(\strip@pt\@tempdima,\strip@pt\@tempdima){%
+      \makebox(\strip@pt\@tempdimb,\strip@pt\@tempdimc)[br]%
+      {\relax\@@@PANEL\relax}}%
+}
+\AddToOverlay{%
+    \setlength{\@tempdima}{0mm}%
+    \setlength{\@tempdimb}{\paperwidth-2\@tempdima}%
+    \setlength{\@tempdimc}{\paperheight-2\@tempdima}%
+    \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}\thinlines%
+     \put(\strip@pt\@tempdima,\strip@pt\@tempdima){%
+      \makebox(\strip@pt\@tempdimb,\strip@pt\@tempdimc)[tl]%
+      {\relax\@vpanel\relax}}%
+}
+
+
+%
+\def\@@@PANEL{\ifnum\thepanel=1\@panel\hfill\else%
+       \ifnum\thepanel=2\hfill\@panel\else%
+			 \ifnum\thepanel=3\hfill\@panel\else
+       \ifnum\thepanel=0\relax%
+       \fi\fi\fi\fi}%
+%      
+\def\@logo#1{%
+       \global\setbox0=\hbox{\includegraphics{#1}}%
+       \ifdim\ht0>\wd0%
+        \includegraphics[height=.75in]{#1}%
+        \else%
+       \ifdim\wd0>\ht0%
+        \includegraphics[width=.75in]{#1}%
+        \else%
+       \ifdim\wd0=\ht0%%
+        \includegraphics[width=.75in]{#1}%
+       \fi\fi\fi
+}
+\let\@@logo\@logo
+\def\ps@plain{}
+\def\ps@empty{}
+\def\ps@firstpage{}
+\def\ps@headings{}
+\def\ps@myheadings{}
+\def\ps@title{}
+
+\AtEndDocument{%
+   \clearpage   \addtocounter{page}{-1}%
+   \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\gdef\string\ScreenLastPage{\arabic{page}}}%
+   \addtocounter{page}{1}}
+
+%------------------- Section counter coloring ----------------------
+
+\let\old@secnumber\@secnumber
+  \def\@secnumber{\protect\textcolor{section\thesection@level}{\old@secnumber}}%
+  \def\@seccntformat#1{\protect\textcolor{section\thesection@level}%
+     {\expandafter\upshape\csname the#1\endcsname.}\quad}%
+  \def\@secnumfont{\protect\textcolor{section\thesection@level}}%\mdseries}
+  \def\abstractname{\protect\textcolor{blue}{\@Panelabstractname}}
+  \let\o@title\@title
+  \def\@title{\protect\color{orange}\o@title}
+
+  \def\Sectionformat#1#2{%
+   \ifcase#2%
+        {\protect\textcolor{section0}{#1}}%level 0 chapter        { }
+    \or {\protect\textcolor{section1}{#1}}%level 1 section        { }
+    \or {\protect\textcolor{section2}{#1}}%level 2 subsection     { }
+    \or {\protect\textcolor{section3}{#1}}%level 3 subsubsection  { }
+    \or {\protect\textcolor{section4}{#1}}%level 4 paragraph      { }
+    \or {\protect\textcolor{section5}{#1}}%level 5 subparagraph   { }
+   \fi
+  }
+
+  \let\scr@section\section
+  \newcounter{panel@section}
+ \def\section{\if@sectionbreak\clearpage\fi%
+     \stepcounter{panel@section}\scr@section}
+ \def\@linkcolor{red}
+ \def\@anchorcolor{section0}
+ \def\@citecolor{orange}
+ \def\@filecolor{cyan}
+ \def\@urlcolor{magenta}
+ \def\@menucolor{section2}
+ \def\@pagecolor{red}
+ \setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
+ \setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
+\ifnum\thedriver=0
+ \def\pagedissolve#1{%
+     \edef\@@processme{%
+     \pdfpageattr{%
+        /Trans << /S /#1\space >>%
+      }}%
+     \@@processme 
+    }%
+\else
+ \def\pagedissolve#1{}
+\fi
+\if@nocfg\relax\else\IfFileExists{docscreen.cfg}{\input docscreen.cfg}{}\fi
+\let\notesname\@gobble
+%
+\long\def\buttonbox#1{%
+  \leavevmode
+  \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{%
+    \color@begingroup
+      \kern\fboxsep{#1}\kern\fboxsep
+    \color@endgroup}%
+  \@buttonframeb@x\relax}
+%
+\def\@buttonframeb@x#1{\begingroup%
+  \@tempdima\fboxrule
+  \advance\@tempdima\fboxsep
+  \advance\@tempdima\dp\@tempboxa
+  \hbox{%
+    \lower\@tempdima\hbox{%
+      \vbox{%
+        \color{white}\hrule\@height\fboxrule\relax
+        \hbox{%
+          \color{white}\vrule\@width\fboxrule\relax
+          #1%
+          \vbox{%
+            \vskip\fboxsep
+            \box\@tempboxa
+            \vskip\fboxsep}%
+          #1%
+          \color{black}\vrule\@width\fboxrule\relax}%
+          \color{black}\hrule\@height\fboxrule\relax}%
+                          }%
+        }%
+\endgroup}
+%
+\def\@pdfcreator{LaTeX with hyperref and docscreen}
+\def\shorttitle#1{\gdef\@shorttitle{#1}}
+\let\@shorttitle\@empty
+\def\@battrib{\color{white}$\bullet$\sffamily\footnotesize\itshape}
+\def\@vattrib{\color{section1}\sffamily\footnotesize\itshape}
+\newif\if@@bb \@@bbfalse
+\newif\if@@tb \@@tbfalse
+\def\topbuttons{\@@tbtrue%
+ \AddToOverlay{\def\@@tbuttons{\@@buttons}%
+  \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}\thinlines%
+   \put(0,0){\makebox(\strip@pt\paperwidth,\strip@pt\paperheight)[ct]%
+     {\@@tbuttons}%
+    }
+  }
+}
+\def\bottombuttons{\@@bbtrue%
+  \AddToOverlay{\def\@@bbuttons{\@@buttons}%
+   \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}\thinlines%
+    \put(0,0){\makebox(\strip@pt\paperwidth,24)[cb]%
+     {\@@bbuttons}%
+  }
+ }
+}
+\def\@@buttons{\ifx\@shorttitle\@empty\relax\else%
+       \quad{\@vattrib\@shorttitle}\fi\hfill%
+       \Acrobatmenu{FirstPage} {\@battrib First }         
+       \Acrobatmenu{PrevPage}  {\@battrib Prev }          
+       \Acrobatmenu{NextPage}  {\@battrib Next }          
+       \Acrobatmenu{LastPage}  {\@battrib Last }          
+       \Acrobatmenu{GoBack}    {\@battrib Go Back }       
+       \Acrobatmenu{FullScreen}{\@battrib Full Screen }   
+       \Acrobatmenu{Close}     {\@battrib Close }         
+       \Acrobatmenu{Quit}      {\@battrib Quit }          
+\quad{}\vspace*{1.5pt}}
+\def\nobottombuttons{\let\@@bbuttons\relax}
+\def\notopbuttons{\let\@@tbuttons\relax}
+%
+\newcounter{overlay}
+\def\changeoverlay{\def\section{\if@sectionbreak\clearpage\fi%
+    \stepcounter{panel@section}%
+    \change\scr@section}}%
+ \def\change{\stepcounter{overlay}%
+  \ifnum\c@overlay>10\setcounter{overlay}{1}\fi
+   \overlay{overlay\theoverlay}
+}
+%    
+\fi%--This \fi corresponds to \if@screen
+%-------- Screen options end here ------------------
+%
+%
+%-------- Print options start here -----------------
+%
+\if@print
+\RequirePackage{amssymb}
+\RequirePackage[pdftex,bookmarksopen,colorlinks]{hyperref}
+\def\pagedissolve#1{}
+\let\overlay\@gobble
+\let\paneloverlay\@gobble
+\let\emblema\@gobble
+\let\emblemb\@gobble
+\let\urlid\@gobble
+\let\emailid\@gobble
+\def\screensize#1#2{}
+\includecomment{print}
+\excludecomment{screen}
+ \def\@linkcolor{black}
+ \def\@anchorcolor{black}
+ \def\@citecolor{black}
+ \def\@filecolor{black}
+ \def\@urlcolor{black}
+ \def\@menucolor{black}
+ \def\@pagecolor{black}
+ \definecolor{section0}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{section1}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{section2}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{section3}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{section4}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{section5}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{orange}{gray}{0}
+ \definecolor{panelbackground}{gray}{1}
+ \definecolor{buttondisable}{gray}{.8}
+ \def\margins#1#2#3#4{}
+ \RequirePackage{fancybox}
+\newdimen\@PDFmpht
+\let\@Notesname\@empty
+\def\notesname#1{\gdef\@Notesname{#1}}
+\let\@overlay\@empty
+\newcounter{slide}
+\newcounter{slideoverlay}
+\newenvironment{slide}{\stepcounter{slide}%
+      \stepcounter{slideoverlay}%
+   \ifnum\theslideoverlay=11\setcounter{slideoverlay}{1}
+    \ifx\@overlay\@empty\else
+    \DOCSCR@Warning{Overly counter reset to zero}\fi\fi
+   \ifx\@overlay\@empty\else 
+    \DOCSCR@Warning{Overly file is Not available in print}\fi
+      \par\addvspace{12pt}\noindent%
+      \hspace*{-.1\paperwidth}\begin{minipage}{.9\paperwidth}
+       \global\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup\begin{minipage}[b]{.5\linewidth}}%
+       {\end{minipage}\egroup\setlength\@PDFmpht{\the\ht0}%
+       \typeout{****** height=\the\@PDFmpht*******}
+       \setbox1=\hbox{\begin{minipage}[b][1.05\@PDFmpht][t]{.3\paperwidth}
+       \typeout{****** height=\the\@PDFmpht*******}
+        \centering \@Notesname\par\vfill\end{minipage}}
+       \noindent\parbox{\linewidth}{%\shadowsize=2pt\fboxsep=6pt%
+       \shadowbox{\box0}\quad\fbox{\box1}}
+       \end{minipage}\hspace*{-1.5in}}
+
+ \let\overlayempty\relax
+ \let\paneloverlayempty\relax
+ \let\topbuttons\relax
+ \let\notopbuttons\relax
+ \let\bottombuttons\relax
+ \let\nobottombuttons\relax
+ \let\changeoverlay\relax
+%------------------------ Macros for code listing --------------
+\if@code
+\def\verbatim@font{%
+  \normalfont \ttfamily\small
+  \catcode`\<=\active
+  \catcode`\>=\active
+}
+\begingroup
+  \catcode`\<=\active
+  \catcode`\>=\active
+  \gdef<{\@ifnextchar<\@lt\@meta}
+  \gdef>{\@ifnextchar>\@gt\@gtr@err}
+  \gdef\@meta#1>{\@PDFm{#1}}
+  \gdef\@lt<{\char`\<}
+  \gdef\@gt>{\char`\>}
+\endgroup
+\def\@gtr@err{%
+   \DOCSCR@Warning{%
+      Isolated \protect>\MessageBreak%
+      In this document class, \protect<...\protect>\MessageBreak
+      is used to indicate a parameter.\MessageBreak
+      I've just found a \protect> on its own.\MessageBreak
+      Perhaps you meant to type \protect>\protect>?
+   }%
+}
+\def\verbatim@nolig@list{\do\`\do\,\do\'\do\-}
+\def\@PDFm#1{\mbox{$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$}}
+\def\arg#1{{{\tt\string{}\@PDFm{#1}{\tt\string}}}}
+\def\@PDFM#1{\mbox{\it#1\/}}
+\def\Arg#1{{{\tt\string{}\@PDFM{#1}{\tt\string}}}}
+\def\oarg#1{{\tt[}\@PDFm{#1}{\tt]}}
+\def\Oarg#1{{\tt[}\@PDFM{#1}{\tt]}}
+\@ifundefined{decl}{%
+\newenvironment{decl}[1][]%
+    {\par\small\addvspace{1.5ex plus .5ex minus .5ex}%
+     \vskip -\parskip
+     \noindent\hspace{-\leftmarginii}%
+     \bgroup\begin{tabular}{|l|}\hline\\[-6pt]
+      \ignorespaces}%
+    {\\[3pt]\hline\end{tabular}\egroup\par%
+     \vspace{1.5ex}\ignorespacesafterend\noindent}}{}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+\fi
+%-------------- end of \if@code option ----------
+%
+\def\panelfont{\fontsize{7pt}{7pt}\itshape\selectfont}
+\def\st{\hbox{\vrule height10pt depth5pt width\z@}\panelfont}
+\def\addButton#1#2{\begingroup\normalsfcodes\fboxsep2pt\fboxrule.1pt%
+       \sffamily\fbox{\hbox to #1{\hfil\st#2\hfil}}\endgroup}
+\def\imageButton#1#2#3{\includegraphics[width=#1,height=#2]{#3}}       
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
+\fi
+%%
+
+\def\includesrc#1{\begingroup\pdfcompresslevel=0
+   \immediate\pdfobj 
+    stream attr {/Type /SourceFile /SourceName (#1)}
+    file{#1}
+   \pdfcatalog{/SourceObject \the\pdflastobj\space 0 R}
+   \endgroup
+   \pdfcompresslevel=9}
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file docscreen.sty
+%%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/els-1p.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/els-1p.pdf
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/els2.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/els2.pdf
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7be99f0b0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/elsdoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,837 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `elsdoc.tex',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% elsarticle.dtx  (with options: `mydoc')
+%% 
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+%% 
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% -------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage[pdftex,screen,vpanel]{docscreen}
+
+\panelwidth=5in
+\vpanelheight=1.25in
+\margins{1.5cm}{1cm}{1.25cm}{1.25cm}
+\screensize{210mm}{297mm}
+\vpaneloverlay{bg_body1.jpg}
+
+\usepackage{pxfonts}
+\usepackage{charter}
+\usepackage[scaled=.9]{lfr}
+\usepackage[scaled=.8]{prima}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
+\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
+\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
+\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd., document class}
+\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
+\def\Hlink#1#2{\hyperlink{#1}{{\sffamily\color{brown}#2}}}
+
+\def\LastPage{19}
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
+        {\sbox\z@ T%
+         \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
+           \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+           \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+          A\,}%
+         \vss}%
+        }%
+     \kern-.15em%
+    \TeX}
+\makeatother
+
+\usepackage{doc-tooltips}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\newbox\contbox
+\global\setbox\contbox=\vbox{\hsize=108mm
+  \color{orange}
+  \begin{enumerate}[$\square$]
+   \item \Hlink{introduction}{Introduction}
+ \item \Hlink{majordifferences}{Major Differences}
+ \item \Hlink{installation}{Installation}
+ \item \Hlink{usage}{Usage}
+ \item \Hlink{preamble}{Preamble}
+ \item \Hlink{floats}{Floats}
+ \item \Hlink{theorems}{Theorems}
+ \item \Hlink{lists}{Lists}
+ \item \Hlink{crossreferences}{Cross-references}
+ \item \Hlink{math}{Mathematical Symbols and Formulae}
+ \item \Hlink{bibliography}{Bibliography}
+ \item \Hlink{final}{Final Print}
+\end{enumerate}\par\vspace{45mm}
+\footnotesize\parindent=0pt
+\color{Olive}%
+\copyright 2008, Elsevier Ltd.  Bugs, feature requests,
+suggestions and comments shall be mailed to
+\href{mailto:elsarticle@river-valley.com}
+{\texttt{<elsarticle@river-valley.com>}}.
+\file{elsarticle.\allowbreak [dtx,ins]}, related documentation
+and supporting packages are released under \LaTeX{} Project
+Public Licence, either version 1.2 or any later version. This
+work has the LPPL maintenance status
+`author-maintained'.\par\vskip6pt
+\noindent
+}
+
+\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
+\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
+\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
+\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
+
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\normalcolor
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\hypertarget{introduction}{}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
+for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
+The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
+without change to the signature so that clashes with other
+contributed \LaTeX{} packages like \file{hyperref.sty},
+\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
+\file{article.cls}.  The class depends on the following packages
+for its proper functionality:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[1.]
+
+\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes.
+\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing.
+\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings.
+\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations.
+\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion.
+\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if document is to
+  be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts.
+\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyper linking is
+  required in the document.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
+Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
+extra packages.  Further, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
+math packages like, \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
+\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want.  All
+these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
+any problems.
+
+\section{Major Differences}
+\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
+
+Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
+and its predecesor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+
+\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
+while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
+many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
+possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
+\LaTeX{} packages.
+
+\item Provides preprint document formatting by default, and
+optionally formats the document as per the final
+style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals.
+
+\item Some easier hooks for formatting \verb+list+ and
+\verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
+use \file{amsthm.sty} package.
+
+\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
+  which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
+works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
+\file{hypernat.sty}.
+
+\item Long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
+  final formats.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Installation}
+\hypertarget{installation}{}
+
+The package is available at
+\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}.
+It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
+\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
+being
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
+Please grab the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is the composite
+class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
+\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
+\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
+\file{elsarticle.cls} by
+stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
+The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
+\texttt{\$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/}, or a folder which will be read
+by \LaTeX{} during document compilation.  The \TeX{} file
+database needs updation after moving/copying class file.  Usually,
+we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
+upon the distribution and operating system.
+
+
+\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
+\hypertarget{usage}{}
+The class should be loaded with the command:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
+\end{vquote}
+
+where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
+
+\item \verb+preprint+ --- default options which formats the
+  document for submission to Elsevier journals.
+
+\item \verb+review+ --- similar to \verb+preprint+ option, but
+  increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
+
+\item \verb+1p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
+
+\item \verb+3p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
+model use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
+
+\item \verb+5p+ --- formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
+  two column style.
+
+\item \verb+authoryear+ --- author-year citation style of
+  \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
+\file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as a comma delimited
+strings as argument to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
+would be:
+\end{enumerate}
+\begin{vquote}
+ \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)] \setcounter{enumi}{6}
+\item \verb+number+ --- numbered citation style. Extra options
+  can be loaded with \verb+\biboptions+ command.
+
+\item \verb+longtitle+ --- if front matter is unusually long, use
+  this option to split the title page across pages with correct
+placing of title and author footnotes in the first page.
+
+\item \verb+times+ --- loads \file{txfonts.sty} if available in
+  the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
+
+\item All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
+  document class.
+
+\item The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
+  \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Preamble}
+\hypertarget{preamble}{}
+
+There are two types of preamble coding --- (1) each author is
+connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
+authors are grouped together and affiliations follow;  (2) authors
+of same affiliations are grouped together and the relevant
+affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
+type is provided below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
+ \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
+ \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer
+    longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
+    in up more than one line while formatting.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+ \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
+ \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
+ \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more longer.}
+ \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
+    any number of author footnotes.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+
+ \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+    Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+ \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
+    Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
+ \address[els]{Central Application Management,
+    Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
+    Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+
+\end{vquote}
+
+You can see the output in the panel to the right.
+\mywidth=.7\panelwidth
+\Sep=8pt
+\def\rulewidth{.2pt}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\npskip=8mm
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}%
+   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els1.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+Most of the commands like \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
+\verb+\address+ are self explanatory.  Various components are
+linked each other by a label--reference mechanism, for
+instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
+mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
+the \verb=\tnotetext=.  We have used similar commands
+like \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
+\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
+corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
+the relevant author names).  \TeX{} needs two compilations to
+resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part.  Given below are
+the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
+  \corref{<label(s)>}
+  \fnref{<label(s)>}
+  \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
+  \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
+  \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
+delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
+\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
+to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
+command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
+manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
+have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
+as their mandatory argument.
+
+The following example code provides the markup of the second type
+of author-affiliation as seen in the output given in the
+box to the right.
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
+   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+   Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford,
+   Exeter, UK.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+ \address{Central Application Management,
+   Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
+\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long footnote and
+  it should be a really long footnote. But this footnote is not yet
+  sufficiently long enough to make two lines of footnote text.}
+\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The preamble part has further environments like
+\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \linebreak \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
+\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
+contain the abstract and keywords respectively. Keywords can be
+marked up in the following manner:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{keyword}
+  quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
+
+  \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
+ \end{keyworkd}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by \verb+\sep+ command.
+\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in
+the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
+\verb+\MSC+ respectively.  \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
+argument to accommodae future revisions.
+eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.
+
+\npskip=0mm
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Floats}
+\hypertarget{floats}{}
+\tooltip{Figures}{mytip6} may be included using the command,
+\verb+\includegraphics+ in combination with or without its
+several options to further control the graphic.
+\verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
+which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
+\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts
+figures in postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts
+\file{*.pdf}, \file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and
+\file{*.png} formats.  pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept
+graphic files in postscript format.
+
+The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
+material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
+\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
+are welcome to load any package of their choice and
+\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
+packages.
+
+\section{Theorem and theorem like environments}
+\hypertarget{theorems}{}
+1
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few hooks to format theorems and
+theorem like environments with ease. All commands the options
+that are used with \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly
+in the same manner.  \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three
+commands to format theorem or theorem like environments:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+ \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+ \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
+ \newproof{pf}{Proof}
+ \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 1
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 2
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 3
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newtheorem}{mytip2} command formats a
+theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
+for theorem heading, theorem number at the right hand side of the
+theorem heading.  It also optionally accepts an argument which
+will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses. You may roll
+over your \tooltip{mouse here}{mytip2} to see how some text
+enclosed between \verb+\begin{thm}+ \dots \verb+\end{thm}+ will
+look like.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newdefinition}{mytip1} command is same in
+all respects as its \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
+the font shape is roman instead of italic.  Both
+\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
+automatically defines counters for the environments defined.
+\tooltip{See the output of}{mytip1} of \verb+\begin{rmk}+ \dots
+\verb+\end{rmk}+.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newproof}{mytip3} command is for defining
+proof environments with upright font shape.  No counters are
+defined. \tooltip{See the output of}{mytip3} \verb+\begin{pot}+
+\dots \verb+\end{pot}+.
+
+Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
+all the default definitions described above.
+
+\section{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
+\hypertarget{lists}{}
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
+which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
+\LaTeX{} list macros.   With an optional argument to the
+\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
+type and its attributes.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide a closing parenthesis to the number in the
+   optional argument, the output will have closing parenthesis
+   for all the item counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+%%
+%% Mytool 4
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide  parentheses to the number, the
+   output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+   counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+You can see the typeset copy of the above source code if you
+roll over \tooltip{your mouse here}{mytip4}.
+
+Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
+string like `step' to all the item numbers.  Take a look at the
+example below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+  \item Obviously this is the second step.
+  \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytool 5
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+\item Obviously this is the second step.
+\item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{Here is the typeset output}{mytip5} of the above example code.
+
+\section{Cross-references}
+\hypertarget{crossreferences}{}
+
+In electronic publications articles may be internally
+hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
+cross-references in the article.  For example, the words
+\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
+whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
+turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
+\tooltip{Fig.~1}{mytip6}.  In the same way,
+the words \tooltip{Ref.~[1]}{mytip7} will fail to turn into a
+hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
+Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
+subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
+references.
+
+\section{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
+\hypertarget{math}{}
+
+Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
+mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
+\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
+\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
+Society. This package includes such oft used symbols as
+\verb+\lesssim+ for $\lesssim$, \verb+\gtrsim+ for $\gtrsim$ or
+\verb+\hbar+ for $\hbar$. Note that your \TeX{} system should
+have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If you need
+only a few symbols, such as \verb+\Box+ for $\square$, you might
+try the package \file{latexsym}.
+
+Another point which would require authors' attention is the
+breaking of longer equations.  When you use
+\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in
+\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
+style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in.  When this document is
+formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
+journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
+double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty fine
+tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
+such cases.  Therefore, authors are requested to check this
+problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
+just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
+by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
+command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
+\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
+problem before submission for publication.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
+in different types of final format.  This is further discussed in
+section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+\hypertarget{bibliography}{}
+
+Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
+\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
+\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for numbered scheme, the
+second for numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
+last one for author year scheme.
+
+In \LaTeX{} literature references are listed in the
+thebibliography environment.  Each reference is a
+\verb+\bibitem+; each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
+by which it can be cited in the text:
+\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as
+\verb+\citet{ESG96}+. In connection with cross-referencing and
+possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
+more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+.  The
+so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
+by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
+literature can be cited as follows:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \&
+  Brown, 1996).
+\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
+\item An affix and part of a reference:
+\verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
+al., 1997, Ch. 2).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
+since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in numbered
+scheme.  \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
+\verb+numbers+ as default option.  You can change this to author-year
+or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
+loading command.  If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
+package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
+described in section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}.  For
+details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
+look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
+\LaTeX{} installation.
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
+\hypertarget{final}{}
+
+Authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
+of their preferred journal.  \file{elsarticle} provides four
+class options for the same:
+\lmrgn=3em
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
+384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
+7.78in, single column style only.
+
+\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
+$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
+8.6in, single column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{3pd}:] $3+$ with the same text area as above,
+double column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
+682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in,
+double column style only.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Following pages have the clippings of different parts of
+the first page of different journal models typeset in final
+format.
+
+\bigskip
+\mywidth=14cm
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 510 492 712}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 443}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent
+Model $1+$ and $3+$  will have the same look and
+feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
+also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
+pages. The only difference will be wider text width of
+higher models.  Therefore we will look at the
+different portions of a typical single column journal page and
+that of a double column article in the final format.
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a typical double column article}
+ \includeclip{1}{60 245 536 752}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page a typical double column article}
+\includeclip{1}{60 93 536 600}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
+
+Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Because
+the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
+the formulas are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
+example of an equation  (see equation 6) which is perfect in
+single column preprint format:
+
+\bigskip
+\src{See equation (6)}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 594}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
+model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
+the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
+the appropriate location.
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
+\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
+need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
+happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
+Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
+of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
+places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% Tooltip 6
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 7
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 8
+%%
+
+ \end{document}
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `elsdoc.tex'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/enum.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/enum.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..74fb06d9c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/enum.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+%% This is file `enum.sty' hacked version of enumerate
+%% $Id: enum.sty,v 1.4 2004/10/20 09:42:01 cvr Exp $
+%%
+%%
+%%
+\newtoks\@enLab  %\newtoks\@enfont
+\def\@enQmark{?}
+\def\@enLabel#1#2{%
+  \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%
+  \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+  \@enloop}
+\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }
+\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}
+\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}
+\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}
+\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}
+\def\@enloop@{%
+  \ifx A\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph  }\else
+  \ifx a\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph  }\else
+  \ifx i\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else
+  \ifx I\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else
+  \ifx 1\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else
+  \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace         \else
+  \ifx \bgroup\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@enGroup         \else
+  \ifx \@enum@\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@gobble          \else
+                         \let\@tempa\@enOther
+             \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+  \@tempa}
+\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}
+\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+            minus.2\baselineskip}
+\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip
+            minus.05\baselineskip}
+\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}
+\def\enumerate{% 
+   \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
+      \advance\@enumdepth \@ne
+      \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi
+   \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}
+\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
+  \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
+  \@enloop#1\@enum@
+  \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
+   ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
+  \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
+  \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
+  \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7
+  \expandafter\settowidth
+            \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
+%            {#1\hspace{\labelsep}}%
+            {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%
+  \@enum@}
+\newdimen\lmrgn
+\lmrgn=2em
+\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%
+           {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
+		   \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else
+           \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi
+		   \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+		   \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi
+			\setlength\leftmargin{\lmrgn}%%%{1.8em}
+		   \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+		   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}}}
+		   
+\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else 
+           \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}
+
+\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}
+
+\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}
+
+\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%
+  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+	  \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+		\ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname 
+		 labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%
+		\edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+		\expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+		{\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+	\fi}
+
+\endinput
+%% 
+%% End of file `enum.sty'.
+%%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/fancytips.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/fancytips.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb6ae0da06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/fancytips.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+\tooltipname{mytip1}{1}
+\tooltipname{mytip2}{2}
+\tooltipname{mytip3}{3}
+\tooltipname{mytip4}{4}
+\tooltipname{mytip5}{5}
+\tooltipname{mytip6}{6}
+\tooltipname{mytip7}{7}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/jfigs.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/jfigs.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8101213689
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+%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 22 1999
+% Copyright (URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development
+% (URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development
+% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
+% As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font
+% program in a Postscript or PDF file that consists of a document that
+% contains text to be displayed or printed using this font, regardless
+% of the conditions or license applying to the document itself.
+12 dict begin
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+% Copyright (URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development
+% (URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development
+% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
+% As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font
+% program in a Postscript or PDF file that consists of a document that
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+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: URWPalladioL-Ital 1.05
+%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 22 1999
+% Copyright (URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development
+% (URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development
+% See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions.
+% As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font
+% program in a Postscript or PDF file that consists of a document that
+% contains text to be displayed or printed using this font, regardless
+% of the conditions or license applying to the document itself.
+12 dict begin
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+/Notice ((URW)++,Copyright 1999 by (URW)++ Design & Development. See the file COPYING (GNU General Public License) for license conditions. As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font program in a Postscript or PDF file that consists of a document that contains text to be displayed or printed using this font, regardless of the conditions or license applying to the document itself.) readonly def
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+/FullName (URW Palladio L Italic) readonly def
+/FamilyName (URW Palladio L) readonly def
+/Weight (Regular) readonly def
+/ItalicAngle -9.5 def
+/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
+end readonly def
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+/PaintType 0 def
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+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0.0 0.0 0.001 0.0 0.0] readonly def
+/Encoding StandardEncoding def
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/jfigs.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/jfigs.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..549ca2e542b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/jfigs.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[paperwidth=15cm,paperheight=15cm,margin=5pt]{geometry}
+\usepackage{amsmath,enum,amssymb,amsfonts,mathrsfs,amsbsy,pxfonts,array,url}
+%\usepackage[pdftex]{xcolor}
+
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+
+\pagestyle{empty}
+
+\usepackage[createtips]{fancytooltips}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+
+\newcounter{Page}
+
+\long\def\Clear#1#2{\stepcounter{Page}%
+    \global\setbox0=\hbox to #1{%
+		 \vbox{\hsize=#1%
+		  #2}}%
+		\def\rulecolor{Olive}%
+		\def\rulewidth{0pt}%
+    \xdef\xwd{\the\wd0} \xdef\xht{\the\ht0}%
+%		\typeout{WD=\the\wd0:::::::: HT=\the\ht0}%
+    \pdfpagewidth=#1 \advance\pdfpagewidth by 30pt
+    \pdfpageheight=\xht \advance\pdfpageheight by 34pt
+		\@tempdimc=#1 \advance\@tempdimc 16pt
+		\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}%
+		\node[fill=gray!20,shape=quotedbox,inner color=black,
+		      outer color=black!20,very nearly transparent,%
+		      inner sep=4pt,text width=\@tempdimc] (x) {%
+		\def\rulecolor{black!20}%
+		\def\rulewidth{1pt}%
+		\advance\@tempdimc -16pt
+		\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
+	  \node[fill=yellow!10,draw,opaque,shape=quotedbox,
+		 inner sep=8pt,text width=\@tempdimc] (x) 
+		 {\box0} ;
+ 	  \end{tikzpicture}} ;%
+		\end{tikzpicture}
+%    \box0
+    \keytip{mytip\thePage}\newpage}
+    
+\makeatother
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\begin{document}
+
+\input mytools.tex
+
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/mytool.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/mytool.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0c6f841739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/mytool.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide  parentheses to the number, the
+   output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+   counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+}
+\Clear{284.52756pt}{%
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+\item Obviously this is the second step.
+\item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+}
+\Clear{284.52756pt}{%
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/mytools.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/mytools.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0c6f841739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/mytools.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide  parentheses to the number, the
+   output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+   counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+}
+\Clear{284.52756pt}{%
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+\item Obviously this is the second step.
+\item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+}
+\Clear{284.52756pt}{%
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+}
+\Clear{426.79134pt}{%
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/pdfwidgets.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/pdfwidgets.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3cefea2bd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/pdfwidgets.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+%%
+%% pdfwidgets.sty
+%%
+%% $Id: pdfwidgets.sty,v 1.2 2007-10-22 09:45:17 cvr Exp $
+%%    
+%% (c) C. V. Radhakrishnan <cvr@river-valley.org>
+%%
+%% This package may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project 
+%% Public License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+%% Either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version.
+%%
+%\RequirePackage[oldstyle]{minion}
+%\RequirePackage[scaled=.8]{prima}
+%\RequirePackage[scaled=.9]{lfr}
+\usepackage[dvipsnames,svgnames]{xcolor}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{tikz}
+\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
+
+%\def\thesection{\ifnum\c@section<10
+%    \protect\phantom{0}\fi\arabic{section}}
+
+\newdimen\lmrgn
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\def\rulewidth{1pt}
+\pgfdeclareshape{filledbox}{%
+  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
+  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
+  % ... and possibly more
+  \backgroundpath{% this is new
+    % store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
+    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
+    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
+    % compute corner of ``flipped page''
+    \pgf@xc=\pgf@xb \advance\pgf@xc by-5pt % this should be a parameter
+    \pgf@yc=\pgf@yb \advance\pgf@yc by-5pt
+    % construct main path
+    \pgfsetlinewidth{\rulewidth}
+    \pgfsetstrokecolor{\rulecolor}
+    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+    \pgfpathclose ;
+%  \draw(\pgf@xa,\pgf@ya) -- (\pgf@xa,\pgf@yb) ;
+ }%
+}
+\pgfdeclareshape{roundedbox}{%
+  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
+  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
+  % ... and possibly more
+  \backgroundpath{% this is new
+    % store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
+    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
+    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
+    % compute corner of ``flipped page''
+    \pgf@xc=\pgf@xb \advance\pgf@xc by-5pt % this should be a parameter
+    \pgf@yc=\pgf@yb \advance\pgf@yc by-5pt
+    % construct main path
+    \pgfsetlinewidth{\rulewidth}
+    \pgfsetstrokecolor{\rulecolor}
+    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathclose ;
+%  \draw(\pgf@xa,\pgf@ya) -- (\pgf@xa,\pgf@yb) ;
+ }%
+}
+
+
+
+
+\pgfdeclareshape{buttonbox}{%
+  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
+  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
+  % ... and possibly more
+  \backgroundpath{% this is new
+    % store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
+    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
+    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
+    % compute corner of ``flipped page''
+    \pgf@xc=\pgf@xb \advance\pgf@xc by-5pt % this should be a parameter
+    \pgf@yc=\pgf@yb \advance\pgf@yc by-5pt
+    % construct main path
+    \pgfsetlinewidth{1pt}
+    \pgfsetstrokecolor{blue!10}
+    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+    \pgfpathclose ;
+%  \draw(\pgf@xa,\pgf@ya) -- (\pgf@xa,\pgf@yb) ;
+ }%
+}
+\pgfdeclareshape{quotedbox}{%
+  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
+  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
+  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
+  % ... and possibly more
+  \backgroundpath{% this is new
+    % store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
+    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
+    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
+    % compute corner of ``flipped page''
+    \pgf@xc=\pgf@xb \advance\pgf@xc by-5pt % this should be a parameter
+    \pgf@yc=\pgf@yb \advance\pgf@yc by-5pt
+    % construct main path
+    \pgfsetlinewidth{\rulewidth}
+    \pgfsetstrokecolor{\rulecolor}
+    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{4pt}{4pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+%  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
+    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
+  \pgfsetcornersarced{\pgforigin}
+    \pgfpathclose ;
+%  \draw(\pgf@xa,\pgf@ya) -- (\pgf@xa,\pgf@yb) ;
+ }%
+}
+
+\newcounter{clip}
+\newdimen\mywidth
+\mywidth=\linewidth
+
+\def\src#1{\gdef\@src{#1}}\let\@src\@empty
+\def\includeclip{\@ifnextchar[{\@includeclip}{\@includeclip[]}}
+\def\@includeclip[#1]#2#3#4{\par
+%    \vskip.75\baselineskip plus 3pt minus 1pt
+    \computeLinewidth{\mywidth}%
+    \begingroup\color{white}%
+     \noindent%
+     \begin{tikzpicture}
+      %\node[fill=black!10,draw,shape=filledbox,
+      \node[fill=black!10,%
+			draw,
+			shade,%
+			top color=blue!10,
+			bottom color=cyan!5,
+			shape=filledbox,
+      inner sep=\Sep,
+      text width=\Linewidth] (x)
+      {\parbox{\Linewidth}
+      {\ifx\@src\@empty\else\refstepcounter{clip}\label{clip\theclip}%
+			  {\color{orange}\sffamily\small
+				 Clip \theclip:\space\@src.}%
+			 \par\vskip3pt\fi\normalcolor
+			 \includegraphics[width=\Linewidth,page={#2},%
+         viewport={#3},clip=true,#1]{#4}}
+       \hspace*{-10pt}};
+      \end{tikzpicture}
+     \endgroup
+%     \par\vskip.5\baselineskip
+%         plus 3pt minus 1pt
+				 }
+%%                                         
+%% include clippings from a pdf document:
+%% #1 => Optional argument for \includegraphics
+%% #2 => page number
+%% #3 => co-ordinates
+%% #4 => file name
+
+\newenvironment{quoted}{%\bigskip
+    \computeLinewidth{.95\linewidth}%
+    \global\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup
+	   \begin{minipage}{.95\linewidth}\color{brown}%
+		 \footnotesize\ttfamily\obeyspaces\obeylines}
+	{\end{minipage}\egroup
+   \vskip12pt plus 3pt minus 3pt\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
+	  \node[fill=blue!10,draw,shade,top color=orange!10,
+		      bottom color=white,shape=filledbox,
+		 inner sep=8pt,text width=\Linewidth] (x) {\box0} ;
+ 	  \end{tikzpicture}%
+	 \vskip12pt plus 3pt minus 3pt}
+
+\newdimen\Linewidth
+\newdimen\Sep
+\def\computeLinewidth#1{\global\setlength\Linewidth{#1}%
+   \global\addtolength{\Linewidth}{-2\Sep}}
+
+\newdimen\npskip
+\npskip=0mm
+
+\long\def\NavigationPanel{%
+   \global\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup
+	   \begin{minipage}[t][.8125\panelheight][t]{.9\panelwidth}\color{brown}%
+     %\centering
+     \ifx\@pinclude\empty\relax\par\vfill\else
+		 \@pinclude\fi
+		 %River Valley Technologies
+	   \end{minipage}\egroup
+		 \Sep=.5cm
+		 \@tempdima=\panelwidth
+		 \advance\@tempdima-1cm
+		 \computeLinewidth{\@tempdima}%
+		 \def\rulewidth{.2pt}%
+	 \noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
+	  \node[fill=blue!10,draw,shade,bottom color=brown!30,
+		      top color=white,shape=filledbox,
+		 inner sep=\the\Sep,text width=\Linewidth] (x) 
+		 {\hspace*{\npskip}\box0} ;
+ 	  \end{tikzpicture}%
+		\vspace*{.0125\panelheight}
+}
+
+\long\def\pinclude#1{\gdef\@pinclude{#1}}
+\let\@pinclude\empty
+
+\def\Strut{\vrule depth 2pt height 10pt width 0pt}
+\def\pdfButton#1#2{\begin{tikzpicture}
+     \node[fill=blue!10,draw,shade,top color=blue!50,
+		       bottom color=white,shape=buttonbox,
+					 inner sep=2pt,text width=#1](x) 
+					 {\parbox{#1}{\centering\Strut#2}}; \end{tikzpicture}}
+
+\def\vpanel{\def\@linkcolor{blue}%
+            \def\@urlcolor{blue}%
+						\def\@menucolor{blue}%
+       \begin{minipage}[t][\vpanelheight][c]{\paperwidth}%
+       \normalsfcodes%
+   \hspace*{.25cm}
+	  \begin{minipage}[c][\vpanelheight][c]{17cm}
+		 \parbox[c][27mm][b]{15mm}%
+%		  {\includegraphics[width=15mm]{logo4.pdf}}\hfill%\hspace{1cm}
+     {\def\rulecolor{Goldenrod}%
+		  \def\rulewidth{1pt}%
+			\begin{tikzpicture}%
+      %\node[fill=black!10,draw,shape=filledbox,
+      \node[fill=white!10,%
+			 draw,
+%			 shade,%
+%			 top color=blue!10,
+%			 bottom color=white,
+			 shape=roundedbox,
+      inner sep=2mm,
+      text width=13mm] (x)
+      {\includegraphics[width=13mm]{els-logo.pdf}};
+			\end{tikzpicture}}\hfill
+%
+     \parbox[c][24mm][b]{145mm}%	
+	    {{\fontsize{30}{30}\selectfont\textsf{\color{white}elsarticle.cls}}
+			\quad{\fontsize{14}{14}\selectfont\sffamily\color{blue!50}
+			 A better way to format your submission}}
+    \end{minipage} 
+	 \hfill
+	 \begin{minipage}[c][\vpanelheight][b]{7.9cm}
+	  \sffamily\footnotesize
+	  \pdfButton{2cm}{\href{mailto:elsarticle@river-valley.com}{BUGS}}
+	  \pdfButton{2cm}{\href{http://support.river-valley.com}{SUPPORT}}
+	  \pdfButton{2cm}%
+		 {\href{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}%
+		  {RESOURCES}}
+%		\pdfButton{2cm}{\Acrobatmenu{GoToPage}{GoTo}}
+	 \end{minipage}\\
+	 \rule{\paperwidth}{0.1pt}
+	 \end{minipage}%
+}
+
+\@ifundefined{backgroundcolor}%
+  {\def\backgroundcolor#1{\gdef\@backgroundcolor{#1}}}{}
+\colorlet{panelbackground}{orange!10}
+\backgroundcolor{orange!10}
+\def\@urlcolor{brown}
+\def\@linkcolor{brown}
+\def\@menucolor{brown}
+
+\RequirePackage{moreverb}
+
+\newenvironment{vquote}%
+    {\medskip
+		 \verbatimwrite{tmp.tex}}
+    {\endverbatimwrite
+		 \aftergroup\printBox}
+
+\def\printBox{\bgroup\def\rulecolor{orange}%
+    \def\rulewidth{.2pt}%
+		\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}
+	  \node[fill=blue!10,draw,shade,top color=white!10,
+		      bottom color=cyan!5,shape=quotedbox,
+		 inner sep=8pt,text width=.95\linewidth] (x) 
+		 {\color{orange}\verbatiminput{tmp.tex}%
+		 \vspace*{-\baselineskip}%
+		 } ;
+ 	  \end{tikzpicture}%
+		\egroup
+		\medskip
+}
+\def\red{\color{Sepia}}
+\def\verbatim@font{\red\normalfont\ttfamily}
+
+\def\verbatimcontinuewrite{%
+  \@bsphack
+%  \verbatim@out=#1
+  \let\do\@makeother\dospecials
+  \obeyspaces\catcode`\^^M\active \catcode`\^^I=12
+  \def\verbatim@processline{%
+    \immediate\write\verbatim@out
+      {\the\verbatim@line}}%
+  \verbatim@start}
+
+\def\@@@lbr{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\@@@rbr{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@@@pcr{\expandafter\@gobble\string\%}
+
+
+\immediate\write18{touch mytool.tex
+  ^^J rm mytool.tex ^^J touch mytool.tex}
+
+\newenvironment{toolwrite}[1]%
+  {\@tempdima=#1
+	 \verbatimwrite{xx}}
+	{\endverbatimwrite
+	 \immediate\write18{echo 
+	 "\string\Clear\@@@lbr\the\@tempdima\@@@rbr\@@@lbr\@@@pcr">>mytool.tex^^J
+	   cat xx.tex >> mytool.tex ^^J
+		 echo "\@@@rbr" >> mytool.tex}}
+
+\tikzstyle{place}=[scale=.39,rectangle,draw=blue!90,fill=blue!30,thin,%
+                   minimum height=1mm,minimum width=13mm]
+\tikzstyle{trans}=[scale=.39,rectangle,draw=Olive,fill=Olive!20,thin,%
+                   minimum height=1mm,minimum width=13mm]
+\tikzstyle{past}=[scale=.39,rectangle,draw=Olive,fill=Olive!60,thin,%
+                   minimum height=1mm,minimum width=13mm]
+
+\def\printSq#1{\parbox{107mm}{\@tempcnta=1
+   \let\printfill\@empty
+   \loop\ifnum\@tempcnta<#1
+	  {\printfill\ifnum\c@page=\@tempcnta
+    	 \tikz\node at(0,0) [place]{};\else
+			\ifnum\c@page<\@tempcnta
+		   \hyperlink{page.\the\@tempcnta}{\tikz\node at(0,0)
+			 [trans]{};}%
+			\else
+		   \hyperlink{page.\the\@tempcnta}{\tikz\node at(0,0)
+			 [past]{};}%
+			\fi\fi}%
+		\advance\@tempcnta 1 \let\printfill\,\repeat}}	
+
+
+\endinput
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/tiger.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/tiger.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8005f10400c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/contrib/tiger.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle-template-harv.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle-template-harv.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index e99ad8c17b6..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle-template-harv.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
-% with harvard style bibliographic references
-% SP 2008/03/01
-
-\documentclass[authoryear,preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
-
-% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
-% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
-
-% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
-% for a journal layout:
-% \documentclass[authoryear,final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[authoryear,final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[authoryear,final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[authoryear,final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[authoryear,final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[authoryear,final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
-
-% if you use PostScript figures in your article
-% use the graphics package for simple commands
-% \usepackage{graphics}
-% or use the graphicx package for more complicated commands
-% \usepackage{graphicx}
-% or use the epsfig package if you prefer to use the old commands
-% \usepackage{epsfig}
-
-% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
-\usepackage{amssymb}
-% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
-% \usepackage{amsthm}
-
-% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
-% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
-% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
-% \usepackage{lineno}
-
-% \linenumbers
-
-\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\begin{frontmatter}
-
-% Title, authors and addresses
-
-% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
-% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
-% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
-% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
-% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
-% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
-% use the ead command for the email address,
-% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
-% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
-% \tnotetext[label1]{}
-% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
-% \ead{email address}
-% \ead[url]{home page}
-% \fntext[label2]{}
-% \cortext[cor1]{}
-% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
-% \fntext[label3]{}
-
-\title{}
-
-% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
-% \author[label1,label2]{}
-% \address[label1]{}
-% \address[label2]{}
-
-\author{}
-
-\address{}
-
-\begin{abstract}
-% Text of abstract
-
-\end{abstract}
-
-\begin{keyword}
-% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
-
-% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
-
-% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
-% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
-
-\end{keyword}
-
-\end{frontmatter}
-
-% main text
-\section{}
-\label{}
-
-% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
-% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
-% \appendix
-
-% \section{}
-% \label{}
-
-% Bibliographic references with the natbib package:
-% Parenthetical: \citep{Bai92} produces (Bailyn 1992).
-% Textual: \citet{Bai95} produces Bailyn et al. (1995).
-% An affix and part of a reference:
-%   \citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Bar76}
-%   produces (e.g. Barnes et al. 1976, Ch. 2).
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{}
-
-% \bibitem[Names(Year)]{label} or \bibitem[Names(Year)Long names]{label}.
-% (\harvarditem{Name}{Year}{label} is also supported.)
-% Text of bibliographic item
-
-\bibitem[]{}
-
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-\end{document}
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle-template-num.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle-template-num.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a3ce9e6f0f..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle-template-num.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
-% with harvard style bibliographic references
-% SP 2008/03/01
-
-\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
-
-% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
-% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
-
-% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
-% for a journal layout:
-% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
-% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
-
-% if you use PostScript figures in your article
-% use the graphics package for simple commands
-% \usepackage{graphics}
-% or use the graphicx package for more complicated commands
-% \usepackage{graphicx}
-% or use the epsfig package if you prefer to use the old commands
-% \usepackage{epsfig}
-
-% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
-\usepackage{amssymb}
-% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
-% \usepackage{amsthm}
-
-% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
-% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
-% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
-% \usepackage{lineno}
-
-% \linenumbers
-
-\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\begin{frontmatter}
-
-% Title, authors and addresses
-
-% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
-% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
-% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
-% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
-% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
-% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
-% use the ead command for the email address,
-% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
-% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
-% \tnotetext[label1]{}
-% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
-% \ead{email address}
-% \ead[url]{home page}
-% \fntext[label2]{}
-% \cortext[cor1]{}
-% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
-% \fntext[label3]{}
-
-\title{}
-
-% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
-% \author[label1,label2]{}
-% \address[label1]{}
-% \address[label2]{}
-
-\author{}
-
-\address{}
-
-\begin{abstract}
-% Text of abstract
-
-\end{abstract}
-
-\begin{keyword}
-% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
-
-% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
-
-% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
-% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
-
-\end{keyword}
-
-\end{frontmatter}
-
-% main text
-\section{}
-\label{}
-
-% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
-% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
-% \appendix
-
-% \section{}
-% \label{}
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{00}
-
-% \bibitem{label}
-% Text of bibliographic item
-
-\bibitem{}
-
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-\end{document}
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.dtx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1190838703c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.dtx
@@ -0,0 +1,6434 @@
+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 by Elsevier Ltd.
+% ----------------------------------------
+% 
+% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in:
+%
+%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%
+% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX 
+% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%
+% \fi
+% \CheckSum{1854}
+%
+% \iffalse
+%<*driver>
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\EnableCrossrefs         
+\CodelineIndex
+\RecordChanges
+\usepackage{comment}
+\begin{document}
+  \DocInput{elsarticle.dtx}
+  \PrintChanges
+  \PrintIndex
+\end{document}
+%</driver>
+% \fi
+%
+% \CharacterTable
+%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+%
+%
+% \changes{v1.1}{2008/09/25}{Initial version}
+%
+% \GetFileInfo{elsarticle.dtx}
+%
+% \DoNotIndex{\newcommand,\newenvironment}
+% 
+%
+% \title{The \textsf{elsarticle.cls} -- Implimentation}
+% \author{Elsevier Ltd.}
+%
+% \maketitle
+%
+% \StopEventually{}
+%
+% \section{Implementation}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%<*class>
+%% $Id: elsarticle.cls,v 1.18 2008-08-28 06:03:47 cvr Exp $
+%% 
+ \def\RCSfile{elsarticle}%
+ \def\RCSversion{1.0.1}%
+ \def\RCSdate{2008/05/22}%
+ \def\@shortjnl{\relax}
+ \def\@journal{Elsevier Science} \def\@company{Elsevier Science}
+ \def\@issn{000-0000}
+ \def\@shortjid{elsarticle}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal]
+%
+%
+\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument}
+\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse
+\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse
+
+\def\@blstr{1}
+\newdimen\@bls
+\@bls=\baselineskip
+
+\def\@finalWarning{%
+  *****************************************************\MessageBreak
+   This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak
+   is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
+   \MessageBreak
+   Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak
+   for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
+  ******************************************************\MessageBreak
+}
+
+    
+\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue
+  \gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}%
+   \AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}}
+\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse}
+\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}}
+\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{authoryear}}
+\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{square,numbers}}
+\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{square,numbers}}
+\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue}
+\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse
+  \ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}}
+  \def\jtype{0}
+\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse}
+\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse
+  \AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}}
+\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}%
+  {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}%
+  \gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}%
+   \let\iint\relax
+  \let\iiint\relax
+  \let\iiiint\relax
+  \let\idotsint\relax
+  \let\openbox\relax}}{\RequirePackage{times}}}
+\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint}
+\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+\ProcessOptions
+\LoadClass{article}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% 
+% \section{Preamble}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\let\comma\@empty
+\let\tnotesep\@empty
+\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}}
+\let\@title\@empty
+
+\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}%
+         {\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}
+\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}
+
+\def\Ref#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}%
+%      \alarm{REF [#1]: \csname X@#1\endcsname}%
+}
+
+\def\tnotemark[#1]{\textsuperscript{\@for\@@tmark:=#1\do{%
+      \edef\tnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@tmark}{1}{\Ref{\@@tmark}}}%
+      \ifcase\tnotenum\or\ding{73}\or,\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}}%
+}
+\let\@tnotemark\@empty
+
+\let\@tnotes\@empty
+\RequirePackage{pifont}
+\newcounter{tnote}
+\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
+  \refstepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+   \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%
+    \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\newcounter{fnote}
+\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty
+    \def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{%
+    \edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\Ref{\@@fnmark}}}%
+  \unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}%
+}
+
+\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty
+\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
+     \refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+   \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%
+   \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%
+   \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\Ref{#1}}\unskip%
+   \textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or
+       $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,}
+
+\let\@cormark\@empty
+\let\@cornotes\@empty
+\newcounter{cnote}
+\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
+    \refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}% 
+    \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
+    $\ast\ast$\fi}%
+    \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\def\corref#1{\cormark[#1]}
+\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]}
+\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[#1]}
+
+\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0
+   \c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0}
+
+\let\eadsep\@empty
+\let\@elseads\@empty
+\let\@elsuads\@empty
+\let\@cormark\@empty
+\def\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}}
+\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup\def\_{\string\_}\def\{{\string\{}%
+   \def\}{\string\}}%
+   \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
+   \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor
+     {#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
+  \egroup
+}
+\newcounter{ead}
+\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}%
+     \g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright%
+      \let\corref\@gobble 
+      \eadsep\texttt{#1} (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
+}
+\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup
+   \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
+   \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor
+     {#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
+  \egroup
+}
+\def\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble%
+     \raggedright\eadsep\texttt{#1}\space(#2)%
+     \def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
+}
+
+\def\elsauthors{}
+\def\pprinttitle{}
+\let\authorsep\@empty
+\let\sep\@empty
+\newcounter{author}
+\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
+
+\newtoks\@eadauthor
+\def\@@author[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1%
+      \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
+       \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\Ref{\@@affmark}}}%
+     \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
+      \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi}%
+    \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+    \global\let\sep\@empty
+    \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
+    \@eadauthor={#2}
+}
+
+\def\@author#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{%
+      \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi}%
+    \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+    \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
+    \global\let\sep\@empty}%
+    \@eadauthor={#1}
+}
+
+\def\elsaddress{}
+\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}
+\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}}
+
+\newcounter{affn}
+\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}}
+
+\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+     \refstepcounter{affn}\elsLabel{#1}%
+    \textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}}
+
+\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+    \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}%
+    \def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}}
+
+\newbox\absbox
+\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
+  \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+  \noindent\unskip\textbf{Abstract}
+ \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
+ {\egroup}
+
+\newbox\keybox
+\def\keyword{%
+  \def\sep{\unskip, }%
+ \def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}}
+  \def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}%
+  \def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}%
+  \def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}%
+  \global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth
+  \normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1}
+  \parskip\z@
+  \noindent\textit{Key words: }
+  \raggedright                         % Keywords are not justified.
+  \ignorespaces}
+\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup}
+
+\newdimen\Columnwidth
+\Columnwidth=\columnwidth
+
+\def\printFirstPageNotes{%
+  \iflongmktitle
+   \let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi
+  \ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi
+  \ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi
+  \ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else
+   \let\thefootnote\relax
+   \footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax
+      \textit{Email address:\space}\else
+      \textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi
+     \@elseads}\fi
+  \ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else
+   \let\thefootnote\relax
+   \footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}%
+     \@elsuads}\fi
+  \ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi
+  \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn
+   \let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi
+} 
+ 
+\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage
+  \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi
+  \resetTitleCounters
+  \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+  \printFirstPageNotes
+  \begin{center}%
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+   \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
+    \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
+    \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
+    \hrule\vskip12pt
+    \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+    \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+    \hrule\vskip12pt
+    \end{center}%
+  \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+  }
+
+\def\printWarning{%
+     \mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup
+     \fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt
+     \hspace*{.18\textwidth}
+     \fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox}
+     \egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty}
+     \setcounter{page}{0}
+     \clearpage}
+
+\long\def\finalMaketitle{%
+  \resetTitleCounters
+  \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+   \MaketitleBox
+   \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+  \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+  }
+
+\long\def\MaketitleBox{%
+  \resetTitleCounters
+  \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+  \begin{center}%
+   \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+    \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
+    \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
+    \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
+    \hrule\vskip12pt
+    \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+    \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+    \hrule\vskip12pt
+    \end{center}%
+  }
+
+
+\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup}
+\newdimen\space@left
+\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}%
+             \typeout{#1}%
+             \typeout{******************************}%
+}
+\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse%
+   \global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}%
+   \global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth 
+    \let\footnotetext\FNtext
+    \printFirstPageNotes}%
+    \xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}%
+    \xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}%
+    \@tempdima=\vsize
+    \advance\@tempdima-\noteheight
+    \advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip
+%     \alarm{Note height .... \noteheight}%
+%     \alarm{Title height .... \titleheight}%
+%   \alarm{T-height........ \the\textheight}%
+%   \alarm{Goal........ \the\@tempdima}%
+}
+
+
+%\ifpreprint\let\footnoterule\relax\fi
+  \skip\footins=24pt
+
+\newbox\els@boxa
+\newbox\els@boxb
+
+\ifpreprint
+  \def\maketitle{\pprintMaketitle}
+  \else
+   \ifnum\jtype=1
+    \def\maketitle{%
+      \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+       \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+       \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+       \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+       \printFirstPageNotes
+       \box0%
+      \else
+       \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+      \fi
+    \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+  \else
+ \ifnum\jtype=5
+    \def\maketitle{%
+      \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+       \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+       \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+       \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+       \printFirstPageNotes
+       \twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes
+      \else
+       \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
+     \fi
+     \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}
+  \else
+  \if@twocolumn
+    \def\maketitle{%
+      \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+       \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+       \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+       \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+       \printFirstPageNotes
+       \twocolumn[\box0]%
+      \else
+       \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
+      \fi
+     \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+   \else
+    \def\maketitle{%
+      \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+       \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+       \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+       \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+       \printFirstPageNotes
+       \box0%
+     \else
+       \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+      \fi
+    \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+   \fi
+  \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    
+%\section{Headers/footers}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ps@pprintTitle{%
+     \let\@oddhead\@empty
+     \let\@evenhead\@empty
+     \def\@oddfoot{\footnotesize\itshape
+       Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty Elsevier
+       \else\@journal\fi\hfill\today}%
+     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{Section headings}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@seccntDot{.}
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em}
+
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+           {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+           {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+           {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {\p@}%
+           {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
+
+\def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}}
+\def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}}
+\def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}}
+
+\newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}%
+           {10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+           {-6\p@}%
+           {\normalfont\itshape}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{List environment}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newdimen\leftMargin
+\leftMargin=2em
+\newtoks\@enLab  %\newtoks\@enfont
+\def\@enQmark{?}
+\def\@enLabel#1#2{%
+  \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%
+  \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+  \@enloop}
+\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }
+\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}
+\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}
+\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}
+\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}
+\def\@enloop@{%
+  \ifx A\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph  }\else
+  \ifx a\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph  }\else
+  \ifx i\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else
+  \ifx I\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else
+  \ifx 1\@entemp         \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else
+  \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace         \else
+  \ifx \bgroup\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@enGroup         \else
+  \ifx \@enum@\@entemp   \let\@tempa\@gobble          \else
+                         \let\@tempa\@enOther
+             \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+  \@tempa}
+\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}
+\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+            minus.2\baselineskip}
+\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip
+            minus.05\baselineskip}
+\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}
+\def\enumerate{% 
+   \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
+      \advance\@enumdepth \@ne
+      \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi
+   \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}
+\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
+  \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
+  \@enloop#1\@enum@
+  \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
+   ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
+  \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
+  \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
+  \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7
+  \expandafter\settowidth
+            \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
+            {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%
+  \@enum@}
+\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%
+           {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
+     \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else
+           \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi
+     \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+      \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi
+     %\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em}
+     \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+     \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}
+                   }}
+     
+\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else 
+           \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}
+
+\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}
+
+\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}
+
+\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%
+  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+   \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+  \ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname 
+   labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%
+  \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+  \expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+  {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+ \fi}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Theorem environment}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\newdefinition#1{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%]
+\def\@ndfn#1#2{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{%
+  \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+    {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
+     \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
+       \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep
+          \@dfncounter{#1}}%
+     \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
+     \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
+\def\@yndfn#1#2{%
+  \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+    {\@definecounter{#1}%
+     \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}%
+     \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
+     \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
+\def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{%
+  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
+    {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+    {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}
+  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}%
+  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}}
+\def\@dfn#1#2{%
+  \refstepcounter{#1}%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xdfn#1#2{%
+  \@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{%
+  \@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
+\def\@dfncountersep{.}
+\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist
+   \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape}
+\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape}
+\def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist}
+
+\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist
+  \let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+   \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape}
+\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
+  \let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+      \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape}
+
+\def\newproof#1{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}}
+\def\@nprf#1#2{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{%
+  \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+    {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
+     \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
+       \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep
+          \@prfcounter{#1}}%
+     \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
+     \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
+\def\@ynprf#1#2{%
+  \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+    {\@definecounter{#1}%
+     \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}%
+     \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
+     \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
+\def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{%
+  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
+    {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+    {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}%
+  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}}
+\def\@prf#1#2{%
+  \refstepcounter{#1}%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xprf#1#2{%
+  \@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{%
+  \@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
+\def\@prfcountersep{.}
+\def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+   \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily}
+\def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+      \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily}
+\def\@endproof{\endtrivlist}
+\newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$}
+
+\@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{}
+\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{}
+\RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib}
+
+\newwrite\splwrite
+\immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl
+\def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{%
+   \string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{%
+    ,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}}
+
+\let\baselinestretch=\@blstr
+
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Page dimensions and margins for final form}
+%
+%\subsection{Option 1p}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifnum\jtype=1
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+% top=30mm,
+% paperwidth=165mm,
+% paperheight=240mm,
+  paperwidth=210mm,
+  paperheight=297mm,
+  textheight=562pt,
+  textwidth=384pt,
+%  inner=16mm,
+%  top=22.1mm,
+  centering,
+  headheight=50pt,
+  headsep=12pt,
+  footskip=12pt,
+  footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ }
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi 
+%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\subsection{Option '3p'}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\else\ifnum\jtype=3
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+%  paperwidth=192mm,
+%  paperheight=262mm,
+  paperwidth=210mm,
+  paperheight=297mm,
+  textheight=622pt,
+  textwidth=468pt,
+%  inner=13.1mm,
+%  top=22.1mm,
+  centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+  headsep=12pt,
+  footskip=12pt,
+  footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+  columnsep=2pc
+ }
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi 
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\subsection{Option '5p'}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\else\ifnum\jtype=5
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+% top=30mm,
+  paperwidth=210mm,
+%  paperheight=280mm,
+  paperheight=297mm,
+  textheight=682pt,
+  textwidth=522pt,
+%  inner=15mm,
+%  top=23.2mm,
+  centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+  headsep=12pt,
+  footskip=18pt,
+  footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+  columnsep=18pt
+ }%
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \input{fleqn.clo}
+ \global\@twocolumntrue
+%%
+%% End of option '5p'
+%%
+\fi\fi\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Other items}
+%
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+
+\def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}}
+ \let\@journal\@empty
+\newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+  \vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize
+  \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
+  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+    #1: #2\par
+  \else
+    \global \@minipagefalse
+    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+  \fi
+  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+
+%\RequirePackage[expansion=alltext,stretch=30]{microtype}
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}
+  {\def\@linkcolor{blue}
+   \def\@anchorcolor{blue}
+   \def\@citecolor{blue}
+   \def\@filecolor{blue}
+   \def\@urlcolor{blue}
+   \def\@menucolor{blue}
+   \def\@pagecolor{blue}
+\begingroup
+  \@makeother\`%
+  \@makeother\=%
+  \edef\x{%
+    \edef\noexpand\x{%
+      \endgroup
+      \noexpand\toks@{%
+        \catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax
+        \catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax
+      }%
+    }%
+    \noexpand\x
+  }%
+\x
+\@makeother\`
+\@makeother\=
+}{}}
+%
+%%
+%</class>
+%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \Finale
+% \endinput
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%<*mydoc> 
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage[pdftex,screen,vpanel]{docscreen}
+
+\panelwidth=5in
+\vpanelheight=1.25in
+\margins{1.5cm}{1cm}{1.25cm}{1.25cm}
+\screensize{210mm}{297mm}
+\vpaneloverlay{bg_body1.jpg}
+
+\usepackage{pxfonts}
+\usepackage{charter}
+\usepackage[scaled=.9]{lfr}
+\usepackage[scaled=.8]{prima}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
+\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
+\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
+\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd., document class}
+\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
+\def\Hlink#1#2{\hyperlink{#1}{{\sffamily\color{brown}#2}}}
+
+\def\LastPage{19}
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
+        {\sbox\z@ T%
+         \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
+           \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+           \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+          A\,}%
+         \vss}%
+        }%
+     \kern-.15em%
+    \TeX}
+\makeatother
+
+\usepackage{doc-tooltips}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\newbox\contbox
+\global\setbox\contbox=\vbox{\hsize=108mm
+  \color{orange}
+  \begin{enumerate}[$\square$]
+   \item \Hlink{introduction}{Introduction}
+	 \item \Hlink{majordifferences}{Major Differences}
+	 \item \Hlink{installation}{Installation}
+	 \item \Hlink{usage}{Usage}
+	 \item \Hlink{preamble}{Preamble}
+	 \item \Hlink{floats}{Floats}
+	 \item \Hlink{theorems}{Theorems}
+	 \item \Hlink{lists}{Lists}
+	 \item \Hlink{crossreferences}{Cross-references}
+	 \item \Hlink{math}{Mathematical Symbols and Formulae}
+	 \item \Hlink{bibliography}{Bibliography}
+	 \item \Hlink{final}{Final Print}
+	\end{enumerate}\par\vspace{45mm}
+	\footnotesize\parindent=0pt
+	\color{Olive}%
+	\copyright 2008, Elsevier Ltd.  Bugs, feature requests,
+	suggestions and comments shall be mailed to
+	\href{mailto:elsarticle@river-valley.com}
+	{\texttt{<elsarticle@river-valley.com>}}. 
+	\file{elsarticle.\allowbreak [dtx,ins]}, related documentation
+	and supporting packages are released under \LaTeX{} Project
+	Public Licence, either version 1.2 or any later version. This
+	work has the LPPL maintenance status
+	`author-maintained'.\par\vskip6pt
+	\noindent
+}
+
+\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
+\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
+\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
+\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
+
+
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\normalcolor
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\hypertarget{introduction}{}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
+for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
+The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
+without change to the signature so that clashes with other
+contributed \LaTeX{} packages like \file{hyperref.sty},
+\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
+\file{article.cls}.  The class depends on the following packages
+for its proper functionality:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[1.]
+
+\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes.
+\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing.
+\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings.
+\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations.
+\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion.
+\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if document is to
+  be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts.
+\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyper linking is
+  required in the document.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
+Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
+extra packages.  Further, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
+math packages like, \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
+\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want.  All
+these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
+any problems.
+
+\section{Major Differences}
+\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
+
+Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
+and its predecesor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+
+\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
+	while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
+	many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
+	possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
+	\LaTeX{} packages.
+
+\item Provides preprint document formatting by default, and
+	optionally formats the document as per the final
+	style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals.
+
+\item Some easier hooks for formatting \verb+list+ and
+	\verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
+	use \file{amsthm.sty} package. 
+
+\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
+  which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
+	works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
+	\file{hypernat.sty}.
+
+\item Long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
+  final formats.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Installation}
+\hypertarget{installation}{}
+
+The package is available at
+\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}.
+It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
+\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
+being
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
+Please grab the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is the composite
+class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
+\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
+\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
+\file{elsarticle.cls} by
+stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
+The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
+\texttt{\$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/}, or a folder which will be read
+by \LaTeX{} during document compilation.  The \TeX{} file
+database needs updation after moving/copying class file.  Usually,
+we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
+upon the distribution and operating system.
+
+%\newpage
+
+\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
+\hypertarget{usage}{}
+The class should be loaded with the command:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
+\end{vquote}
+
+where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
+
+\item \verb+preprint+ --- default options which formats the
+  document for submission to Elsevier journals.
+
+\item \verb+review+ --- similar to \verb+preprint+ option, but
+  increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
+
+\item \verb+1p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
+
+\item \verb+3p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
+	model use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
+
+\item \verb+5p+ --- formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
+  two column style.
+
+\item \verb+authoryear+ --- author-year citation style of
+  \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
+	\file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as a comma delimited
+	strings as argument to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
+	would be:
+\end{enumerate}
+\begin{vquote}
+ \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)] \setcounter{enumi}{6}
+\item \verb+number+ --- numbered citation style. Extra options
+  can be loaded with \verb+\biboptions+ command.
+
+\item \verb+longtitle+ --- if front matter is unusually long, use
+  this option to split the title page across pages with correct
+	placing of title and author footnotes in the first page.
+
+\item \verb+times+ --- loads \file{txfonts.sty} if available in
+  the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
+
+\item All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
+  document class.
+
+\item The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
+  \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Preamble}
+\hypertarget{preamble}{}
+
+There are two types of preamble coding --- (1) each author is
+connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
+authors are grouped together and affiliations follow;  (2) authors
+of same affiliations are grouped together and the relevant
+affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
+type is provided below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
+ \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
+ \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer 
+    longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
+    in up more than one line while formatting.} 
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+ \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
+ \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
+ \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more longer.}
+ \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
+    any number of author footnotes.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+
+ \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+    Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+ \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
+    Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
+ \address[els]{Central Application Management,
+    Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
+    Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+
+\end{vquote}
+
+You can see the output in the panel to the right.
+\mywidth=.7\panelwidth
+\Sep=8pt
+\def\rulewidth{.2pt}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\npskip=8mm
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}%
+   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els1.pdf}%
+	 \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+Most of the commands like \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
+\verb+\address+ are self explanatory.  Various components are
+linked each other by a label--reference mechanism, for
+instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
+mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
+the \verb=\tnotetext=.  We have used similar commands
+like \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
+\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
+corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
+the relevant author names).  \TeX{} needs two compilations to
+resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part.  Given below are
+the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
+  \corref{<label(s)>}
+  \fnref{<label(s)>}
+  \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
+  \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
+  \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
+delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
+\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
+to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
+command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
+manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
+have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
+as their mandatory argument. 
+
+The following example code provides the markup of the second type
+of author-affiliation as seen in the output given in the 
+box to the right.
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
+   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
+	 \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+   Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford, 
+   Exeter, UK.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+ \address{Central Application Management,
+   Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
+\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long footnote and
+  it should be a really long footnote. But this footnote is not yet
+  sufficiently long enough to make two lines of footnote text.}
+\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The preamble part has further environments like
+\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \linebreak \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
+\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
+contain the abstract and keywords respectively. Keywords can be
+marked up in the following manner:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{keyword}
+  quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
+
+  \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
+ \end{keyworkd}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by \verb+\sep+ command.
+\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in
+the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
+\verb+\MSC+ respectively.  \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
+argument to accommodae future revisions. 
+eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.
+
+\npskip=0mm
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Floats}
+\hypertarget{floats}{}
+\tooltip{Figures}{mytip6} may be included using the command,
+\verb+\includegraphics+ in combination with or without its
+several options to further control the graphic.
+\verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
+which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
+\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts
+figures in postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts
+\file{*.pdf}, \file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and
+\file{*.png} formats.  pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept
+graphic files in postscript format.
+
+The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
+material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
+\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
+are welcome to load any package of their choice and
+\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
+packages.
+
+\section{Theorem and theorem like environments}
+\hypertarget{theorems}{}
+1
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few hooks to format theorems and
+theorem like environments with ease. All commands the options
+that are used with \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly
+in the same manner.  \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three
+commands to format theorem or theorem like environments:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+ \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+ \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
+ \newproof{pf}{Proof}
+ \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 1
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 2
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 3
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newtheorem}{mytip2} command formats a
+theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
+for theorem heading, theorem number at the right hand side of the
+theorem heading.  It also optionally accepts an argument which
+will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses. You may roll
+over your \tooltip{mouse here}{mytip2} to see how some text
+enclosed between \verb+\begin{thm}+ \dots \verb+\end{thm}+ will
+look like.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newdefinition}{mytip1} command is same in
+all respects as its \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
+the font shape is roman instead of italic.  Both
+\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
+automatically defines counters for the environments defined.
+\tooltip{See the output of}{mytip1} of \verb+\begin{rmk}+ \dots
+\verb+\end{rmk}+.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newproof}{mytip3} command is for defining
+proof environments with upright font shape.  No counters are
+defined. \tooltip{See the output of}{mytip3} \verb+\begin{pot}+
+\dots \verb+\end{pot}+. 
+
+Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
+all the default definitions described above.
+
+\section{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
+\hypertarget{lists}{}
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
+which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
+\LaTeX{} list macros.   With an optional argument to the
+\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
+type and its attributes.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide a closing parenthesis to the number in the
+   optional argument, the output will have closing parenthesis
+   for all the item counters.  
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+%%
+%% Mytool 4
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide  parentheses to the number, the
+   output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+   counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+You can see the typeset copy of the above source code if you
+roll over \tooltip{your mouse here}{mytip4}.
+
+Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
+string like `step' to all the item numbers.  Take a look at the
+example below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list. 
+  \item Obviously this is the second step.
+  \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+
+%%
+%% mytool 5
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list. 
+	\item Obviously this is the second step.
+	\item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{Here is the typeset output}{mytip5} of the above example code.
+
+\section{Cross-references}
+\hypertarget{crossreferences}{}
+
+In electronic publications articles may be internally
+hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
+cross-references in the article.  For example, the words
+\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
+whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
+turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
+\tooltip{Fig.~1}{mytip6}.  In the same way,
+the words \tooltip{Ref.~[1]}{mytip7} will fail to turn into a
+hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
+Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
+subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
+references.
+
+
+\section{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
+\hypertarget{math}{}
+
+Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
+mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
+\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
+\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
+Society. This package includes such oft used symbols as
+\verb+\lesssim+ for $\lesssim$, \verb+\gtrsim+ for $\gtrsim$ or
+\verb+\hbar+ for $\hbar$. Note that your \TeX{} system should
+have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If you need
+only a few symbols, such as \verb+\Box+ for $\square$, you might
+try the package \file{latexsym}.
+
+Another point which would require authors' attention is the
+breaking of longer equations.  When you use
+\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in 
+\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
+style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in.  When this document is
+formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
+journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
+double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty fine
+tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
+such cases.  Therefore, authors are requested to check this
+problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
+just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
+by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
+command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
+\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
+problem before submission for publication.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
+in different types of final format.  This is further discussed in
+section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
+
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+\hypertarget{bibliography}{}
+
+Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
+\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
+\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for numbered scheme, the
+second for numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
+last one for author year scheme.
+
+In \LaTeX{} literature references are listed in the
+thebibliography environment.  Each reference is a
+\verb+\bibitem+; each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
+by which it can be cited in the text: 
+\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as 
+\verb+\citet{ESG96}+. In connection with cross-referencing and
+possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
+more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+.  The
+so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
+by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
+literature can be cited as follows: 
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \&
+  Brown, 1996).
+\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
+\item An affix and part of a reference:
+	\verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
+	al., 1997, Ch. 2).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
+since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in numbered
+scheme.  \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
+\verb+numbers+ as default option.  You can change this to author-year
+or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
+loading command.  If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
+package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
+described in section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}.  For
+details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
+look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
+\LaTeX{} installation.
+
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
+\hypertarget{final}{}
+
+Authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
+of their preferred journal.  \file{elsarticle} provides four
+class options for the same:
+\lmrgn=3em
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
+384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
+7.78in, single column style only.
+
+\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
+$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
+8.6in, single column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{3pd}:] $3+$ with the same text area as above,
+double column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
+682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in, 
+double column style only.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Following pages have the clippings of different parts of 
+the first page of different journal models typeset in final
+format.
+
+\bigskip
+\mywidth=14cm
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 510 492 712}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page of a single column article}
+%\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 461}{els-1p.pdf}
+\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 443}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent
+Model $1+$ and $3+$  will have the same look and
+feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
+also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
+pages. The only difference will be wider text width of 
+higher models.  Therefore we will look at the
+different portions of a typical single column journal page and
+that of a double column article in the final format.
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a typical double column article}
+ \includeclip{1}{60 245 536 752}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page a typical double column article}
+\includeclip{1}{60 93 536 600}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
+
+Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Because
+the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
+the formulas are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
+example of an equation  (see equation 6) which is perfect in
+single column preprint format:
+
+\bigskip
+\src{See equation (6)}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 594}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
+model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
+the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
+the appropriate location.
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
+\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
+need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
+happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
+Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
+of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
+places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% Tooltip 6
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 7
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 8
+%%
+%\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+%\includegraphics[page=1,viewport=104 124 492 712]{els-1p.pdf}
+%\end{toolwrite}
+
+%</mydoc>
+%<mydoc> \end{document}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%<*num> 
+%%% Modification of BibTeX style file elsarticle-num.bst
+%%% ... by urlbst, version 0.6 (marked with "% urlbst")
+%%% See <http://purl.org/nxg/dist/urlbst>
+%%% Added webpage entry type, and url and lastchecked fields.
+%%% Added eprint support.
+%%% Added DOI support.
+%%% Added hyperref support.
+%%% Original headers follow...
+
+%%
+%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-end,yr-par,yrp-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pub-date,pub-xpar,pre-edn,url,url-nl,edpar,blk-com,in-col,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,and-xcom,xand,em-x,nfss')
+%% After docstrip generation some manual changes were made (SP)
+
+%% ----------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    edition
+    editor
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    volume
+    year
+    eprint % urlbst
+    doi % urlbst
+    url % urlbst
+    lastchecked % urlbst
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst...
+INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver }
+% Following constants may be adjusted by hand, if desired
+FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables}
+{
+  "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL
+  "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref
+  "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref
+  "http://dx.doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI
+  "doi:" 'doiprefix :=      % text prefix printed before DOI ref
+  #1 'addeprints :=         % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints
+  #1 'adddoiresolver :=     % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it
+  #2 'hrefform :=           % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs
+  #1 'inlinelinks :=        % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles
+  % the following are internal state variables, not config constants
+  #0 'makeinlinelink :=     % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink
+  "" 'openinlinelink :=     % ditto
+  "" 'closeinlinelink :=    % ditto
+}
+INTEGERS { 
+  bracket.state
+  outside.brackets
+  open.brackets
+  within.brackets
+  close.brackets
+}
+% ...urlbst to here
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst
+  #1 'open.brackets :=
+  #2 'within.brackets :=
+  #3 'close.brackets :=
+
+  #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+% urlbst
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+% urlbst...
+% The following three functions are for handling inlinelink.  They wrap
+% a block of text which is potentially output with write$ by multiple
+% other functions, so we don't know the content a priori.
+% They communicate between each other using the variables makeinlinelink
+% (which is true if a link should be made), and closeinlinelink (which holds
+% the string which should close any current link.  They can be called
+% at any time, but start.inlinelink will be a no-op unless something has
+% previously set makeinlinelink true, and the two ...end.inlinelink functions
+% will only do their stuff if start.inlinelink has previously set
+% closeinlinelink to be non-empty.
+FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink}
+{ makeinlinelink
+    { hrefform #1 = % hypertex
+        { "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ * url * quote$ * "> }{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+          "\special {html:</a>}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+          }
+        { hrefform #2 = % hyperref
+            { "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+              "}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+              }
+            'skip$
+          if$ % hrefform #2 =
+        }
+      if$ % hrefform #1 =
+      #0 'makeinlinelink :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+ if$ % makeinlinelink
+}
+FUNCTION {add.inlinelink}
+{ openinlinelink empty$
+    'skip$
+    { openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink *
+      "" 'openinlinelink :=
+      }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output
+  's :=
+  % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to
+  % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state
+  % to outside.brackets
+  bracket.state close.brackets =
+    { "]" *
+      outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  bracket.state outside.brackets =
+    { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.
+      % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the
+      % original output.nonnull function.
+      s
+      add.inlinelink
+      output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull
+    }
+    { % Still in brackets.  Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the
+      % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets
+      % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it).  If we come
+      % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.
+      bracket.state open.brackets =
+        { " [" * }
+        { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets
+      if$ 
+      s * 
+      close.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+% Call this function just before adding something which should be presented in 
+% brackets.  bracket.state is handled specially within output.nonnull.
+FUNCTION {inbrackets}
+{ bracket.state close.brackets =
+    { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed
+    { open.brackets 'bracket.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}
+{ lastchecked empty$
+    { "" }
+    { inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }
+  if$
+}
+% ...urlbst to here
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry.original}
+{ add.period$
+  write$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+%SP 2003/07/25
+% No longer used
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "Eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "Ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "Edition" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "Vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "Ch." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {write.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { skip$ }
+    { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$
+    't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{ format.names }
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+    { "" }
+    { author format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+        { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+        { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names.ed
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+        { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+        { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { title "t" change.case$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+    { month empty$
+        { "" }
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+          month
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { month empty$
+        'year
+        { month " " * year * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION{format.year}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
+    { "(" swap$ * ")" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+      series empty$
+        'skip$
+        { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+            { bbl.number }
+            { bbl.number capitalize }
+          if$
+          number tie.or.space.connect
+          series empty$
+            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+            { bbl.in space.word * series * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+    { "" }
+    { output.state mid.sentence =
+        { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+        { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+    { "" }
+    { pages multi.page.check
+        { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+        { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+    'skip$
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          " " *
+          format.year * " " *
+          pages n.dashify *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% Only used in articles
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ 
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% Add the leading space only if there is a volume
+  % volume field.or.null
+  " "
+  volume empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { volume * }
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      "~(" number * ")" * *
+      volume empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    { "" }
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$ }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.connect
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor empty$
+        { word.in booktitle * }
+        { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
+          booktitle * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$
+      type "t" change.case$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+    { bbl.techrep }
+    'type
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+    { number tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key empty$
+    { journal empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+          warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { word.in journal emphasize * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in key * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      " " * bbl.etal *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              " " * bbl.etal *
+            }
+            { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+      bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { booktitle empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { word.in booktitle * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  year empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+  year empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address empty$
+          'skip$
+          { address * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      year empty$
+        'skip$
+        { t empty$ address empty$ and
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * }
+          if$
+          year *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher empty$
+    { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
+      ""
+    }
+    { publisher }
+  if$
+  format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization empty$
+    { "" }
+    { organization }
+  if$
+  format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+% urlbst...
+% Functions for making hypertext links.
+% In all cases, the stack has (link-text href-url)
+%
+% make 'null' specials
+FUNCTION {make.href.null}
+{
+  pop$
+}
+% make hypertex specials
+FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex}
+{ 
+  "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ *
+  swap$ * quote$ * "> }" * swap$ *
+  "\special {html:</a>}" *
+}
+% make hyperref specials
+FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref}
+{ 
+  "\href {" swap$ * "} {\path{" * swap$ * "}}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href}
+{ hrefform #2 =
+    'make.href.hyperref      % hrefform = 2
+    { hrefform #1 =
+        'make.href.hypertex  % hrefform = 1
+        'make.href.null      % hrefform = 0 (or anything else)
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+% If inlinelinks is true, then format.url should be a no-op, since it's
+% (a) redundant, and (b) could end up as a link-within-a-link.
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ inlinelinks #1 = url empty$ or
+   { "" }
+   { hrefform #1 =
+       { % special case -- add HyperTeX specials
+         urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * }
+       { urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * }
+     if$
+   }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint empty$
+    { "" }
+    { eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi empty$
+    { "" }
+    { doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href }
+  if$
+}
+
+% Output a URL.  We can't use the more normal idiom (something like
+% `format.url output'), because the `inbrackets' within
+% format.lastchecked applies to everything between calls to `output',
+% so that `format.url format.lastchecked * output' ends up with both
+% the URL and the lastchecked in brackets.
+FUNCTION {output.url}
+{ url empty$
+    'skip$ 
+    { new.block 
+      format.url output
+      format.lastchecked output 
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.web.refs}
+{
+  new.block
+  output.url
+  addeprints eprint empty$ not and
+    { format.eprint output.nonnull }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and
+    { format.doi output.nonnull }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+% Wrapper for output.bibitem.original.
+% If the URL field is not empty, set makeinlinelink to be true,
+% so that an inline link will be started at the next opportunity
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+  output.bibitem.original
+  inlinelinks url empty$ not and
+    { #1 'makeinlinelink := }
+    { #0 'makeinlinelink := }
+  if$
+}
+
+% Wrapper for fin.entry.original
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ output.web.refs  % urlbst
+  makeinlinelink       % ooops, it appears we didn't have a title for inlinelink
+    { setup.inlinelink % add some artificial link text here, as a fallback
+      "[link]" output.nonnull }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst
+    { "]" * }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  fin.entry.original
+}
+
+% Webpage entry type.
+% Title and url fields required;
+% author, note, year, month, and lastchecked fields optional
+% See references 
+%   ISO 690-2 http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm
+%   http://www.classroom.net/classroom/CitingNetResources.html
+%   http://neal.ctstateu.edu/history/cite.html
+%   http://www.cas.usf.edu/english/walker/mla.html
+% for citation formats for web pages.
+FUNCTION {webpage}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        'skip$  % author and editor both optional
+        { format.editors output.nonnull }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor empty$
+        { format.authors output.nonnull }
+        { "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  inbrackets "online" output
+  new.block
+  year empty$
+    'skip$
+    { format.date "year" output.check }
+  if$
+  % We don't need to output the URL details ('lastchecked' and 'url'),
+  % because fin.entry does that for us, using output.web.refs.  The only
+  % reason we would want to put them here is if we were to decide that
+  % they should go in front of the rather miscellaneous information in 'note'.
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+% ...urlbst to here
+
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { journal
+      "journal" output.check
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% Add the space in format.vol.num.pages
+      % add.blank
+	  before.all 'output.state :=
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.journal.pages
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.edition output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  howpublished output
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  format.date output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.edition output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.pages "pages" output.check
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.pages "pages" output.check
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+%SP 2001/01/23
+%      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+%SP 2001/01/23
+%      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+%SP 2001/01/23
+  format.pages "pages" output.check
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        'skip$
+        { organization output.nonnull
+          address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+    {
+          address output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization output
+      address output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.note output
+  format.date output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title output
+  howpublished output
+  format.note output
+  format.date output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization output }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          organization output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+  format.note output
+%  format.date "year" output.check
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" output.check
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  format.date output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+READ
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.urlbst.variables}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%</num>
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%<*numnames>
+%%
+%% This is file `elsearticle-num-names.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `head,exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
+%% english.mbs  (with options: `exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `tail,exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%% *** Journal of Sound and Vibration ***
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+   author
+   booktitle
+   chapter
+   doi
+   edition
+   editor
+   eid
+   howpublished
+   institution
+   isbn
+   issn
+   journal
+   key
+   month
+   note
+   number
+   organization
+   pages
+   publisher
+   school
+   series
+   title
+   type
+   url
+   volume
+   year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+   { ", " * write$ }
+   { output.state after.block =
+       { add.period$ write$
+         newline$
+         "\newblock " write$
+       }
+       { output.state before.all =
+           'write$
+           { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+         if$
+       }
+     if$
+     mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+   }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+   'pop$
+   'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+   { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+   'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+   'skip$
+   { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+   'skip$
+   { output.state before.all =
+       'skip$
+       { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+ skip$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+   { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+   { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+   'skip$
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+   'skip$
+   'new.block
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+   { pop$ "" }
+   'skip$
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+   { pop$ "" }
+   { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+   { "~" }
+   { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % Begin module:
+ % \ProvidesFile{english.mbs}[2003/11/06 4.2 (PWD)]
+
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+ % End module: english.mbs
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+ duplicate$ missing$
+   {
+     pop$ pop$
+     ""
+   }
+   { duplicate$ empty$
+       {
+         swap$ pop$
+       }
+       { swap$
+         "\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+ duplicate$ missing$
+   {
+     swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+     ""
+   }
+   { duplicate$ empty$
+       {
+         swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+       }
+       { swap$
+         "\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+   { "" }
+   { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+ 's :=
+ "" 't :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+   { namesleft #0 > }
+   { s nameptr
+     "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
+     format.name$
+     bibinfo bibinfo.check
+     't :=
+     nameptr #1 >
+       {
+         namesleft #1 >
+           { ", " * t * }
+           {
+             "," *
+             s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+               { 't := }
+               { pop$ }
+             if$
+             t "others" =
+               {
+                 " " * bbl.etal *
+               }
+               { " " * t * }
+             if$
+           }
+         if$
+       }
+       't
+     if$
+     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+   }
+ while$
+ } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+ format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+   { key field.or.null }
+   { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     " " *
+     get.bbl.editor
+     capitalize
+  "(" swap$ * ")" *
+     *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.isbn}
+{ isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     "ISBN " swap$ *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.issn}
+{ issn "issn" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     "ISSN " swap$ *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+
+ FUNCTION {format.doi}
+ { doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "\doi{" swap$  * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+ }
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+   { "" }
+   { note #1 #1 substring$
+     duplicate$ "{" =
+       'skip$
+       { output.state mid.sentence =
+         { "l" }
+         { "u" }
+       if$
+       change.case$
+       }
+     if$
+     note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+   }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+ "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ "" 't :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+   { namesleft #0 > }
+   { s nameptr
+     "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+     't :=
+     nameptr #1 >
+       {
+         namesleft #1 >
+           { ", " * t * }
+           {
+             s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+               { 't := }
+               { pop$ }
+             if$
+             t "others" =
+               {
+                 " " * bbl.etal *
+               }
+               {
+                 numnames #2 >
+                   { "," * }
+                   'skip$
+                 if$
+                 bbl.and
+                 space.word * t *
+               }
+             if$
+           }
+         if$
+       }
+       't
+     if$
+     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+   }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+   { editor empty$
+       { key empty$
+           { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+           'key
+         if$
+       }
+       { editor format.full.names }
+     if$
+   }
+   { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+   { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+         'key
+     if$
+   }
+   { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+   { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+         'key
+     if$
+   }
+   { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+   'author.editor.key.full
+   { type$ "proceedings" =
+       'editor.key.full
+       'author.key.full
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem[{" write$
+ label write$
+ ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+    { pop$ }
+    { * }
+  if$
+ "}]{" * write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+ 't :=
+ ""
+   { t empty$ not }
+   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+       { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+           { "--" *
+             t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+           }
+           {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+               { "-" *
+                 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+               }
+             while$
+           }
+         if$
+       }
+       { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+         t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+ ":" *
+ " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+   {
+     "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+      pop$ "????"
+   }
+   'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label *
+}
+FUNCTION{format.year}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+   {  "empty year in " cite$ *
+      "; set to ????" *
+      warning$
+      pop$ "????"
+   }
+   {
+   }
+ if$
+ extra.label *
+ "(" swap$ * ")" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+   'pop$
+   { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+   { "" }
+   { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+     "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+     series "series" bibinfo.check
+     duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+       { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
+         emphasize * }
+     if$
+     "volume and number" number either.or.check
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+   { number empty$
+       { series field.or.null }
+       { series empty$
+           { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+           { output.state mid.sentence =
+               { bbl.number }
+               { bbl.number capitalize }
+             if$
+             number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+             bbl.in space.word *
+             series "series" bibinfo.check *
+           }
+         if$
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+   { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     output.state mid.sentence =
+       { "l" }
+       { "t" }
+     if$ change.case$
+     "edition" bibinfo.check
+     " " * bbl.edition *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+   { multiresult not
+     t empty$ not
+     and
+   }
+   { t #1 #1 substring$
+     duplicate$ "-" =
+     swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+     swap$ "+" =
+     or or
+       { #1 'multiresult := }
+       { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+     if$
+   }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+       {
+         n.dashify
+       }
+       {
+       }
+     if$
+     "pages" bibinfo.check
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+   { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+       { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+       {
+         " " *
+         format.year * " " *
+         swap$
+         n.dashify
+         "pages" bibinfo.check
+         *
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+   { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+     {
+         " " *
+     }
+     if$
+     swap$ *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     "volume" bibinfo.check
+   }
+ if$
+ number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+       { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+       'skip$
+     if$
+     swap$
+     "~(" swap$ * ")" *
+   }
+ if$ *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+   { "" }
+   { type empty$
+       { bbl.chapter }
+       { type "l" change.case$
+         "type" bibinfo.check
+       }
+     if$
+     chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+     "chapter" bibinfo.check
+     * *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+   {
+     editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+       {
+         " " *
+         get.bbl.editor
+         capitalize
+         "(" swap$ * "), " *
+         * swap$
+         * }
+     if$
+     word.in swap$ *
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+   'pop$
+   { swap$ pop$
+     "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+ type duplicate$ empty$
+   { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+   'skip$
+ if$
+ "type" bibinfo.check
+ swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+   { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+   { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+ word.in
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+   { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+     pop$ word.in
+   }
+   { bbl.volume
+     swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+   }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+ word.in
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+   'skip$
+   {
+     t empty$
+       { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+       }
+       { t *
+         address empty$
+           'skip$
+           { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+         if$
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+   {
+     journal
+     "journal" bibinfo.check
+     "journal" output.check
+     add.blank
+     format.vol.num.pages output
+   }
+   { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+   }
+ if$
+ eid empty$
+   { format.journal.pages }
+   { format.journal.eid }
+ if$
+ format.issn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+     editor format.key output
+   }
+   { format.authors output.nonnull
+     crossref missing$
+       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+       'skip$
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+   { format.bvolume output
+     format.number.series output
+     format.publisher.address output
+   }
+   {
+     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+   }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.isbn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.isbn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+     editor format.key output
+   }
+   { format.authors output.nonnull
+     crossref missing$
+       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+       'skip$
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+   {
+     format.bvolume output
+     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+     format.number.series output
+     format.publisher.address output
+   }
+   {
+     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+   }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ crossref missing$
+   { format.isbn output }
+   'skip$
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+     format.bvolume output
+     format.number.series output
+     format.chapter.pages output
+     format.publisher.address output
+     format.edition output
+     format.isbn output
+   }
+   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+     format.chapter.pages output
+   }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+     format.bvolume output
+     format.number.series output
+     publisher empty$
+       { format.organization.address output }
+       { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+         format.publisher.address output
+       }
+     if$
+     format.isbn output
+     format.issn output
+   }
+   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+   }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.edition output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.title output
+ howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.editors output
+ editor format.key output
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ publisher empty$
+   { format.organization.address output }
+   { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+     format.publisher.address output
+   }
+ if$
+ format.isbn output
+ format.issn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+   { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+   's
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ "" 't :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+   { pop$
+     " " * bbl.etal *
+   }
+   { #2 <
+       'skip$
+       { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+           {
+             " " * bbl.etal *
+           }
+           { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+             * }
+         if$
+       }
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+   { key empty$
+       { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+       'key
+     if$
+   }
+   { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+   { editor empty$
+       { key empty$
+           { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+           'key
+         if$
+       }
+       { editor format.lab.names }
+     if$
+   }
+   { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+   { key empty$
+       { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+       'key
+     if$
+   }
+   { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+   'author.editor.key.label
+   { type$ "proceedings" =
+       'editor.key.label
+       'author.key.label
+     if$
+   }
+ if$
+ 'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+ short.list
+ "("
+ *
+ year duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "????" }
+    { purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ }
+ if$
+ *
+ 'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+   { namesleft #0 > }
+   { s nameptr
+     "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+     format.name$ 't :=
+     nameptr #1 >
+       {
+         "   "  *
+         namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+           { "zzzzz" * }
+           { t sortify * }
+         if$
+       }
+       { t sortify * }
+     if$
+     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+   }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+   "An " #3
+     "The " #4 t chop.word
+   chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+   { key empty$
+       { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+         ""
+       }
+       { key sortify }
+     if$
+   }
+   { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+   { editor empty$
+       { key empty$
+           { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+             ""
+           }
+           { key sortify }
+         if$
+       }
+       { editor sort.format.names }
+     if$
+   }
+   { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+   { key empty$
+       { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+         ""
+       }
+       { key sortify }
+     if$
+   }
+   { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+INTEGERS { seq.num }
+FUNCTION {init.seq}
+{ #0 'seq.num :=}
+EXECUTE {init.seq}
+FUNCTION {int.to.fix}
+{ "000000000" swap$ int.to.str$ *
+ #-1 #10 substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+ label sortify
+ "    "
+ *
+ seq.num #1 + 'seq.num :=
+ seq.num  int.to.fix
+ 'sort.label :=
+ sort.label
+ *
+ "    "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+ #0 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+   { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+     last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+   }
+   { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+     "" 'extra.label :=
+     label 'last.label :=
+   }
+ if$
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+   { "a" 'extra.label := }
+   'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+ extra.label
+ duplicate$ empty$
+   'skip$
+   { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+ if$
+ 'extra.label :=
+ label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ "    "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ "    "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+SORT
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+   'skip$
+   { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+ write$ newline$
+ "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url{#1}\endgroup}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `elsearticle-num-names.bst'.
+%</numnames>
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%<*harvard>
+
+ %%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ %% This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ %% This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
+ %% non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file
+ %% to function properly.
+ %% Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
+ %% The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %%   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
+ %%   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
+ %% The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
+ %% of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
+ %% in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
+ %% parenthesis!
+ %% With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
+ %% In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
+ %% really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
+ %% be parentheses in the label.
+ %% The \cite command functions as follows:
+ %%   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
+ %%   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
+ %%   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
+ %%   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
+ %%   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
+ %%   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
+ %%   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
+ %%   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
+ %%   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
+ %%   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
+ %%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    edition
+    editor
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+  write$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+%%SP 2003/07/25
+%% No longer used
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.sentence
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+ %% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ %% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ %% The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "Eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "Ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "Edition" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "Vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "Ch." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {write.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { skip$ }
+    { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$
+    't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{ format.names }
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+    { key field.or.null }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+    { "" }
+    { author format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+        { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+        { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names.ed
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+        { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+        { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { title "t" change.case$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              numnames #2 >
+                { "," * }
+                'skip$
+              if$
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { bbl.and
+                  space.word * t *
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.full.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.full
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.full
+        'author.key.full
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem[{" write$
+  label write$
+  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+     { pop$ }
+     { * }
+   if$
+  "}]{" * write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+       pop$ "????" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  month empty$
+    'skip$
+    { month
+      " " * swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+  extra.label *
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+  ", " swap$ *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+      series empty$
+        'skip$
+        { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+            { bbl.number }
+            { bbl.number capitalize }
+          if$
+          number tie.or.space.connect
+          series empty$
+            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+            { bbl.in space.word * series * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+    { "" }
+    { output.state mid.sentence =
+        { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+        { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+    { "" }
+    { pages multi.page.check
+        { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+        { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+    'skip$
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          pages n.dashify *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% Only used in articles
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ 
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% Add the leading space only if there is a volume
+  %% volume field.or.null
+  " "
+  volume empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { volume * }
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      "~(" number * ")" * *
+      volume empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    { "" }
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$ }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.connect
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor empty$
+        { word.in booktitle * }
+        { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
+          booktitle * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$
+      type "t" change.case$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+    { bbl.techrep }
+    'type
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+    { number tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume capitalize
+      volume tie.or.space.connect
+      bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address empty$
+          'skip$
+          { address * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher empty$
+    { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
+      ""
+    }
+    { publisher }
+  if$
+  format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization empty$
+    { "" }
+    { organization }
+  if$
+  format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { journal
+      "journal" output.check
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% Add the space in format.vol.num.pages
+      %% add.blank
+	  before.all 'output.state :=
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.journal.pages
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.edition output
+      new.sentence
+	  format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished output
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.edition output
+      new.sentence
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.pages "pages" output.check
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      new.sentence
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.pages "pages" output.check
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      new.sentence
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%%      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%%      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+  format.pages "pages" output.check
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  organization output
+  address output
+  format.edition output
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title output
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished output
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.editors output
+  editor format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  new.sentence
+  publisher empty$
+    { format.organization.address output }
+    { organization output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" output.check
+  address output
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+  write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  s num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      " " * bbl.etal *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              " " * bbl.etal *
+            }
+            { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.lab.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.label
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.label
+        'author.key.label
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+  short.list
+  "("
+  *
+  year duplicate$ empty$
+     { pop$ "????" }
+     'skip$
+  if$
+  *
+  'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { t sortify * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+  label sortify
+  "    "
+  *
+  type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.sort
+        'author.sort
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.label :=
+  sort.label
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+  "" 'next.extra :=
+  #0 'last.extra.num :=
+  #0 'number.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+    }
+    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+      "" 'extra.label :=
+      label 'last.label :=
+    }
+  if$
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+    { "a" 'extra.label := }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label 'next.extra :=
+  extra.label
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+  if$
+  'extra.label :=
+  label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `elsarticle-harv.bst'.
+%</harvard>
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+%<*harvtemplate>
+%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
+%% with harvard style bibliographic references
+%% SP 2008/03/01
+
+\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
+%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
+%% for a journal layout:
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+
+%% if you use PostScript figures in your article
+%% use the graphics package for simple commands
+%% \usepackage{graphics}
+%% or use the graphicx package for more complicated commands
+%% \usepackage{graphicx}
+%% or use the epsfig package if you prefer to use the old commands
+%% \usepackage{epsfig}
+
+%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
+%% \usepackage{amsthm}
+
+%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
+%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
+%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
+%% \usepackage{lineno}
+
+
+\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frontmatter}
+
+%% Title, authors and addresses
+
+%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
+%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
+%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
+%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the ead command for the email address,
+%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
+%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
+%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
+%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
+%% \ead{email address}
+%% \ead[url]{home page}
+%% \fntext[label2]{}
+%% \cortext[cor1]{}
+%% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
+%% \fntext[label3]{}
+
+\title{}
+
+%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
+%% \author[label1,label2]{}
+%% \address[label1]{}
+%% \address[label2]{}
+
+\author{}
+
+\address{}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+%% Text of abstract
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+\begin{keyword}
+%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
+
+%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
+
+%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
+%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
+
+\end{keyword}
+
+\end{frontmatter}
+
+%% \linenumbers
+
+%% main text
+\section{}
+\label{}
+
+%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
+%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
+%% \appendix
+
+%% \section{}
+%% \label{}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{00}
+
+%% \bibitem{label}
+%% Text of bibliographic item
+
+\bibitem{}
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+%</harvtemplate>
+%<harvtemplate>\end{document}
+
+%     \end{macrocode}
+%     \begin{macrocode}
+%<*numtemplate>
+%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
+%% with numbered style bibliographic references
+%% SP 2008/03/01
+
+\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
+%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
+%% for a journal layout:
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+
+%% if you use PostScript figures in your article
+%% use the graphics package for simple commands
+%% \usepackage{graphics}
+%% or use the graphicx package for more complicated commands
+%% \usepackage{graphicx}
+%% or use the epsfig package if you prefer to use the old commands
+%% \usepackage{epsfig}
+
+%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
+%% \usepackage{amsthm}
+
+%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
+%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
+%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
+%% \usepackage{lineno}
+
+
+\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frontmatter}
+
+%% Title, authors and addresses
+
+%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
+%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
+%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
+%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the ead command for the email address,
+%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
+%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
+%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
+%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
+%% \ead{email address}
+%% \ead[url]{home page}
+%% \fntext[label2]{}
+%% \cortext[cor1]{}
+%% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
+%% \fntext[label3]{}
+
+\title{}
+
+%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
+%% \author[label1,label2]{}
+%% \address[label1]{}
+%% \address[label2]{}
+
+\author{}
+
+\address{}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+%% Text of abstract
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+\begin{keyword}
+%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
+
+%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
+
+%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
+%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
+
+\end{keyword}
+
+\end{frontmatter}
+
+%% \linenumbers
+
+%% main text
+\section{}
+\label{}
+
+%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
+%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
+%% \appendix
+
+%% \section{}
+%% \label{}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{00}
+
+%% \bibitem{label}
+%% Text of bibliographic item
+
+\bibitem{}
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+%</numtemplate>
+%<numtemplate>\end{document}
+%
+%     \end{macrocode}
+% 
+%
+% \Finale
+\endinput
+
+%%
+%% End of file 'elsarticle.dtx'
+%%
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.ins b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.ins
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5a2a1456ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.ins
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+%%
+%% This file will generate fast loadable files and documentation
+%% driver files from the doc files in this package when run through
+%% LaTeX or TeX.
+%%
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+%%
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% -------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file 'manifest.txt'.
+%%
+%%
+%%
+\input docstrip.tex
+%%\keepsilent
+
+\preamble
+
+Copyright 2007, 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+
+This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+-------------------------------------------
+
+It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+later version.  The latest version of this license is in
+   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+version 1999/12/01 or later.
+
+The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+
+\endpreamble
+
+\askoverwritefalse
+
+\generate{\file{elsarticle.cls}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{class}}}
+\generate{\file{elsdoc.tex}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{mydoc}}}
+\generate{\file{elsarticle-num.bst}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{num}}}
+\generate{\file{elsarticle-num-names.bst}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{numnames}}}
+\generate{\file{elsarticle-harv.bst}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{harvard}}}
+\generate{\file{elsarticle-template-num.tex}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{numtemplate}}}
+\generate{\file{elsarticle-template-harv.tex}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{harvtemplate}}}
+
+\obeyspaces
+\Msg{*************************************************************}
+\Msg{*                                                           *}
+\Msg{* To finish the installation you have to move the following *}
+\Msg{* file into a directory searched by TeX:                    *}
+\Msg{*                                                           *}
+\Msg{*     elsarticle.cls                                        *}
+\Msg{*         and                                               *}
+\Msg{*     elsarticle-*.bst                                      *}
+\Msg{*                                                           *}
+\Msg{* To produce the documentation go to the ../contrib folder  *}
+\Msg{* and run the file elsdoc.tex through pdfLaTeX              *}
+\Msg{* or use the Makefile which is far more easier.             *}
+\Msg{*                                                           *}
+\Msg{* Happy TeXing!                                             *}
+\Msg{*                                                           *}
+\Msg{*************************************************************}
+
+\endbatchfile
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsdoc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsdoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7be99f0b0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsdoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,837 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `elsdoc.tex',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% elsarticle.dtx  (with options: `mydoc')
+%% 
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+%% 
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% -------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage[pdftex,screen,vpanel]{docscreen}
+
+\panelwidth=5in
+\vpanelheight=1.25in
+\margins{1.5cm}{1cm}{1.25cm}{1.25cm}
+\screensize{210mm}{297mm}
+\vpaneloverlay{bg_body1.jpg}
+
+\usepackage{pxfonts}
+\usepackage{charter}
+\usepackage[scaled=.9]{lfr}
+\usepackage[scaled=.8]{prima}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
+\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
+\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
+\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd., document class}
+\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
+\def\Hlink#1#2{\hyperlink{#1}{{\sffamily\color{brown}#2}}}
+
+\def\LastPage{19}
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
+        {\sbox\z@ T%
+         \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
+           \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+           \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+          A\,}%
+         \vss}%
+        }%
+     \kern-.15em%
+    \TeX}
+\makeatother
+
+\usepackage{doc-tooltips}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\newbox\contbox
+\global\setbox\contbox=\vbox{\hsize=108mm
+  \color{orange}
+  \begin{enumerate}[$\square$]
+   \item \Hlink{introduction}{Introduction}
+ \item \Hlink{majordifferences}{Major Differences}
+ \item \Hlink{installation}{Installation}
+ \item \Hlink{usage}{Usage}
+ \item \Hlink{preamble}{Preamble}
+ \item \Hlink{floats}{Floats}
+ \item \Hlink{theorems}{Theorems}
+ \item \Hlink{lists}{Lists}
+ \item \Hlink{crossreferences}{Cross-references}
+ \item \Hlink{math}{Mathematical Symbols and Formulae}
+ \item \Hlink{bibliography}{Bibliography}
+ \item \Hlink{final}{Final Print}
+\end{enumerate}\par\vspace{45mm}
+\footnotesize\parindent=0pt
+\color{Olive}%
+\copyright 2008, Elsevier Ltd.  Bugs, feature requests,
+suggestions and comments shall be mailed to
+\href{mailto:elsarticle@river-valley.com}
+{\texttt{<elsarticle@river-valley.com>}}.
+\file{elsarticle.\allowbreak [dtx,ins]}, related documentation
+and supporting packages are released under \LaTeX{} Project
+Public Licence, either version 1.2 or any later version. This
+work has the LPPL maintenance status
+`author-maintained'.\par\vskip6pt
+\noindent
+}
+
+\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
+\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
+\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
+\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
+
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\normalcolor
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\hypertarget{introduction}{}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
+for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
+The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
+without change to the signature so that clashes with other
+contributed \LaTeX{} packages like \file{hyperref.sty},
+\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
+\file{article.cls}.  The class depends on the following packages
+for its proper functionality:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[1.]
+
+\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes.
+\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing.
+\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings.
+\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations.
+\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion.
+\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if document is to
+  be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts.
+\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyper linking is
+  required in the document.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
+Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
+extra packages.  Further, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
+math packages like, \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
+\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want.  All
+these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
+any problems.
+
+\section{Major Differences}
+\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
+
+Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
+and its predecesor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+
+\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
+while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
+many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
+possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
+\LaTeX{} packages.
+
+\item Provides preprint document formatting by default, and
+optionally formats the document as per the final
+style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals.
+
+\item Some easier hooks for formatting \verb+list+ and
+\verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
+use \file{amsthm.sty} package.
+
+\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
+  which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
+works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
+\file{hypernat.sty}.
+
+\item Long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
+  final formats.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Installation}
+\hypertarget{installation}{}
+
+The package is available at
+\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}.
+It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
+\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
+being
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
+Please grab the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is the composite
+class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
+\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
+\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
+\file{elsarticle.cls} by
+stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
+The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
+\texttt{\$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/}, or a folder which will be read
+by \LaTeX{} during document compilation.  The \TeX{} file
+database needs updation after moving/copying class file.  Usually,
+we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
+upon the distribution and operating system.
+
+
+\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
+\hypertarget{usage}{}
+The class should be loaded with the command:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
+\end{vquote}
+
+where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
+
+\item \verb+preprint+ --- default options which formats the
+  document for submission to Elsevier journals.
+
+\item \verb+review+ --- similar to \verb+preprint+ option, but
+  increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
+
+\item \verb+1p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
+
+\item \verb+3p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+  format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
+model use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
+
+\item \verb+5p+ --- formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
+  two column style.
+
+\item \verb+authoryear+ --- author-year citation style of
+  \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
+\file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as a comma delimited
+strings as argument to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
+would be:
+\end{enumerate}
+\begin{vquote}
+ \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)] \setcounter{enumi}{6}
+\item \verb+number+ --- numbered citation style. Extra options
+  can be loaded with \verb+\biboptions+ command.
+
+\item \verb+longtitle+ --- if front matter is unusually long, use
+  this option to split the title page across pages with correct
+placing of title and author footnotes in the first page.
+
+\item \verb+times+ --- loads \file{txfonts.sty} if available in
+  the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
+
+\item All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
+  document class.
+
+\item The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
+  \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Preamble}
+\hypertarget{preamble}{}
+
+There are two types of preamble coding --- (1) each author is
+connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
+authors are grouped together and affiliations follow;  (2) authors
+of same affiliations are grouped together and the relevant
+affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
+type is provided below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
+ \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
+ \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer
+    longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
+    in up more than one line while formatting.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+ \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
+ \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
+ \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more longer.}
+ \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
+    any number of author footnotes.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+
+ \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+    Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+ \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
+    Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
+ \address[els]{Central Application Management,
+    Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
+    Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+
+\end{vquote}
+
+You can see the output in the panel to the right.
+\mywidth=.7\panelwidth
+\Sep=8pt
+\def\rulewidth{.2pt}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\npskip=8mm
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}%
+   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els1.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+Most of the commands like \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
+\verb+\address+ are self explanatory.  Various components are
+linked each other by a label--reference mechanism, for
+instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
+mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
+the \verb=\tnotetext=.  We have used similar commands
+like \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
+\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
+corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
+the relevant author names).  \TeX{} needs two compilations to
+resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part.  Given below are
+the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
+  \corref{<label(s)>}
+  \fnref{<label(s)>}
+  \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
+  \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
+  \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
+delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
+\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
+to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
+command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
+manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
+have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
+as their mandatory argument.
+
+The following example code provides the markup of the second type
+of author-affiliation as seen in the output given in the
+box to the right.
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
+   \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+   Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford,
+   Exeter, UK.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+ \address{Central Application Management,
+   Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
+\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long footnote and
+  it should be a really long footnote. But this footnote is not yet
+  sufficiently long enough to make two lines of footnote text.}
+\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The preamble part has further environments like
+\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \linebreak \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
+\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
+contain the abstract and keywords respectively. Keywords can be
+marked up in the following manner:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{keyword}
+  quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
+
+  \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
+ \end{keyworkd}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by \verb+\sep+ command.
+\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in
+the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
+\verb+\MSC+ respectively.  \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
+argument to accommodae future revisions.
+eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.
+
+\npskip=0mm
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Floats}
+\hypertarget{floats}{}
+\tooltip{Figures}{mytip6} may be included using the command,
+\verb+\includegraphics+ in combination with or without its
+several options to further control the graphic.
+\verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
+which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
+\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts
+figures in postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts
+\file{*.pdf}, \file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and
+\file{*.png} formats.  pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept
+graphic files in postscript format.
+
+The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
+material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
+\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
+are welcome to load any package of their choice and
+\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
+packages.
+
+\section{Theorem and theorem like environments}
+\hypertarget{theorems}{}
+1
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few hooks to format theorems and
+theorem like environments with ease. All commands the options
+that are used with \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly
+in the same manner.  \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three
+commands to format theorem or theorem like environments:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+ \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+ \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
+ \newproof{pf}{Proof}
+ \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 1
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 2
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 3
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newtheorem}{mytip2} command formats a
+theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
+for theorem heading, theorem number at the right hand side of the
+theorem heading.  It also optionally accepts an argument which
+will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses. You may roll
+over your \tooltip{mouse here}{mytip2} to see how some text
+enclosed between \verb+\begin{thm}+ \dots \verb+\end{thm}+ will
+look like.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newdefinition}{mytip1} command is same in
+all respects as its \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
+the font shape is roman instead of italic.  Both
+\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
+automatically defines counters for the environments defined.
+\tooltip{See the output of}{mytip1} of \verb+\begin{rmk}+ \dots
+\verb+\end{rmk}+.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newproof}{mytip3} command is for defining
+proof environments with upright font shape.  No counters are
+defined. \tooltip{See the output of}{mytip3} \verb+\begin{pot}+
+\dots \verb+\end{pot}+.
+
+Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
+all the default definitions described above.
+
+\section{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
+\hypertarget{lists}{}
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
+which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
+\LaTeX{} list macros.   With an optional argument to the
+\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
+type and its attributes.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide a closing parenthesis to the number in the
+   optional argument, the output will have closing parenthesis
+   for all the item counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+%%
+%% Mytool 4
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+   argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+   by a period.
+ \item If you provide  parentheses to the number, the
+   output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+   counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+   roman counter.
+  \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+    \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+    \item One more item before we start another.
+    \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+     \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+     \item Another one before we close the third level.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Third item in second level.
+  \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+You can see the typeset copy of the above source code if you
+roll over \tooltip{your mouse here}{mytip4}.
+
+Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
+string like `step' to all the item numbers.  Take a look at the
+example below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+  \item Obviously this is the second step.
+  \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytool 5
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+  \item This is the first step of the example list.
+\item Obviously this is the second step.
+\item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{Here is the typeset output}{mytip5} of the above example code.
+
+\section{Cross-references}
+\hypertarget{crossreferences}{}
+
+In electronic publications articles may be internally
+hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
+cross-references in the article.  For example, the words
+\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
+whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
+turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
+\tooltip{Fig.~1}{mytip6}.  In the same way,
+the words \tooltip{Ref.~[1]}{mytip7} will fail to turn into a
+hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
+Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
+subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
+references.
+
+\section{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
+\hypertarget{math}{}
+
+Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
+mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
+\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
+\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
+Society. This package includes such oft used symbols as
+\verb+\lesssim+ for $\lesssim$, \verb+\gtrsim+ for $\gtrsim$ or
+\verb+\hbar+ for $\hbar$. Note that your \TeX{} system should
+have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If you need
+only a few symbols, such as \verb+\Box+ for $\square$, you might
+try the package \file{latexsym}.
+
+Another point which would require authors' attention is the
+breaking of longer equations.  When you use
+\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in
+\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
+style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in.  When this document is
+formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
+journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
+double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty fine
+tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
+such cases.  Therefore, authors are requested to check this
+problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
+just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
+by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
+command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
+\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
+problem before submission for publication.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
+in different types of final format.  This is further discussed in
+section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+\hypertarget{bibliography}{}
+
+Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
+\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
+\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for numbered scheme, the
+second for numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
+last one for author year scheme.
+
+In \LaTeX{} literature references are listed in the
+thebibliography environment.  Each reference is a
+\verb+\bibitem+; each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
+by which it can be cited in the text:
+\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as
+\verb+\citet{ESG96}+. In connection with cross-referencing and
+possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
+more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+.  The
+so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
+by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
+literature can be cited as follows:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \&
+  Brown, 1996).
+\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
+\item An affix and part of a reference:
+\verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
+al., 1997, Ch. 2).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
+since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in numbered
+scheme.  \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
+\verb+numbers+ as default option.  You can change this to author-year
+or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
+loading command.  If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
+package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
+described in section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}.  For
+details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
+look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
+\LaTeX{} installation.
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
+\hypertarget{final}{}
+
+Authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
+of their preferred journal.  \file{elsarticle} provides four
+class options for the same:
+\lmrgn=3em
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
+384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
+7.78in, single column style only.
+
+\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
+$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
+8.6in, single column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{3pd}:] $3+$ with the same text area as above,
+double column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
+682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in,
+double column style only.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Following pages have the clippings of different parts of
+the first page of different journal models typeset in final
+format.
+
+\bigskip
+\mywidth=14cm
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 510 492 712}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 443}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent
+Model $1+$ and $3+$  will have the same look and
+feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
+also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
+pages. The only difference will be wider text width of
+higher models.  Therefore we will look at the
+different portions of a typical single column journal page and
+that of a double column article in the final format.
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a typical double column article}
+ \includeclip{1}{60 245 536 752}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page a typical double column article}
+\includeclip{1}{60 93 536 600}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
+
+Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Because
+the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
+the formulas are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
+example of an equation  (see equation 6) which is perfect in
+single column preprint format:
+
+\bigskip
+\src{See equation (6)}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 594}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
+model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
+the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
+the appropriate location.
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
+\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
+need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
+happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
+Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
+of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
+places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% Tooltip 6
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 7
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 8
+%%
+
+ \end{document}
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `elsdoc.tex'.
author	Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at>	2008-09-27 11:24:41 +0000
committer	Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at>	2008-09-27 11:24:41 +0000
commit	5d3a1476294a9dba906948950a7f0db1f32a24c0 (patch)
tree	6804675b3ed490b1120e888de79c9fa63ef74dc8 /Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle
parent	4fd3bbead92f1936110c05950d40436536c6494a (diff)