new (latex) package curve2e

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@1910 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

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+% \iffalse
+%%
+%% File `curve2e.dtx'.
+%% Copyright (C)  2005 Claudio Beccari  all rights reserved.
+%%
+% What follows is the usual trick that is not typeset in the documentation
+% dvi file that is produced by LaTeX; It is used to define the date, the version
+% and the short descriptio that characterizes both this file and the package;
+% the point is that |\ProvicesFile| is being read only by the driver, while
+% |\ProvidePackage| goes to the stripped package file; It must be done before
+% starting the documentation otherwise |\GetFileInfo|  can't get the necessary
+% information.
+% \fi
+%<*package>
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+%</package>
+%<*driver>
+\ProvidesFile{curve2e.dtx}%
+%</driver>
+%<+package>\ProvidesPackage{curve2e}%
+        [2005/08/15 v.0.10 Extension package for pict2e]
+%<*package>
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%</package>
+% \iffalse
+%<*driver>
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\hfuzz 10pt
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}
+\GetFileInfo{curve2e.dtx}
+\title{The extension package \textsf{curve2e}\thanks{Version number
+\fileversion; last revised \filedate.}}
+\author{Claudio Beccari}
+\begin{document}
+ \maketitle
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+ \tableofcontents
+ \end{multicols}
+ \DocInput{curve2e.dtx}
+\end{document}
+%</driver>
+% \fi
+%
+% \CheckSum{0}
+% \begin{abstract}
+% This file documents the |curve2e| extension package to the recent
+% implementation of the |pict2e| bundle that has been described by Lamport
+% himself in the second edition of his \LaTeX\ handbook.
+%
+% This extension redefines a couple of commands and introduces some more drawing
+% facilities that allow to draw circular arcs and arbitrary curves with the
+% minimum of user intervention. This beta version is open to the contribution of
+% other users as well as it may be incorporated in other people's packages.
+% Please cite the original author and the chain of contributors.
+% \end{abstract}
+%
+% \section{Package \texttt{pict2e} and this extension \texttt{curve2e}}
+% Package \texttt{pict2e} was announced in inssue 15 of \texttt{latexnews}
+% around December 2003; it was declared that the new package would replace the
+% dummy one that has been accompanying every realease of \LaTeXe\ since its
+% beginnings in 1994. The dummy package was just issuing an info message that
+% simply announced the temporary unavailability of the real package.
+%
+% Eventually Gäßlein and Niepraschk implemented what Lamport himself had already
+% documented in the second edition of his \LaTeX\ handbook, that is a \LaTeX\
+% package that contained the macros capable of removing all the limitations
+% contained in the standard commands of the original \texttt{picture}
+% environment; specifically:
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item the line and vector slopes were limited to the ratios of relatively
+% prime one digit integers of magnitude not exceeding 6 for lines and 4 for
+% vectors;
+% \item filled and unfilled full circles were limited by the necessarily
+% bounded number of specific glyphs contained in the special \LaTeX\
+% \texttt{picture} fonts;
+% \item quarter circles were also limited in their radii for the same reason;
+% \item ovals (rectangles with rounded corners) could not be too small because
+% of the unavailability of small radius quarter circles, nor could be too
+% large, in the sense that after a certain radius the rounded corners remained
+% the same and would not increase proportionally to the oval size.
+% \item vector arrows had only one possible shape besides matching the limited
+% number of vector slopes;
+% \item for circles and inclined lines and vectors there were available just
+% two possible thicknesses.
+% \end{enumerate}
+%
+% The package \texttt{pict2e} removes most if not all the above limitations:
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item line and vector slopes are virtually unlimited; the only remainig
+% limitation is that the direction coefficients must be three-digit integer
+% numbers; they need not be relatively prime;
+% \item filled and unfilled circles can be of any size;
+% \item ovals can be designed with  any specified corner curvature and there is
+%  virtually no limitation to such curvatures; of course corner radii should not
+% exceed half the lower value between the base and the hight of the oval;
+% \item there are two shapes for the arrow tips; the triangular one traditional
+% with \LaTeX\ vectors, or the arrow tip with PostScript style.
+% \item the |\linethicknes| command changes the thicknes of all lines, straight,
+% curved, vertical, horizontal, arrow tipped, et cetera.
+% \end{enumerate}
+%
+%  This specific extension adds the following features
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item commands for setting the line terminations are introduced; the user can
+% chose between square or rounded caps; the default is set to rounded caps;
+% \item the |\line| macro is redefined so as to allow integer and fractional
+% direction coefficients, but maintaining the same syntax as in the original
+% \texttt{picture} environment;
+% \item a new macro |\Line| is defined so as to avoid the need to specify the
+% horizontal projection of inclined lines;
+% \item a new macro |\LINE| joins two points specified with their coordinates;
+% of course there is no need to use the |\put| command with this line
+% specification;
+% \item similar macros are redefined for vectors; |\vector| redefines the
+% original macro but with the vector slope limitation removed; |\Vector| gets
+% specified with its two horizontal and vertical components; |\VECTOR|
+% joins two specified points (without using the |\put| command) with  the arrow
+% pointing to the second point;
+% \item a new macro |\polyline| for drawing polygonal lines is defined that
+% accepts from two vertices up to an arbitrary (reasonably limited) number of
+% them;
+% \item a new macro |\Arc| is defined in order to draw an arc with arbitrary
+% radius and arbitrary angle amplitude; this amplitude is specified in
+% sexagesimal degrees, not in radians;
+% \item two new macros are defined in order to draw circular arcs with one
+% arrow at one or both ends;
+% \item a new macro |\Curve| is defined so as to draw arbitrary curved lines
+% by means of third order Bézier splines; the |\Curve| macro requires only the
+% curve nodes and the direction of the tangents at each node.
+% \end{enumerate}
+%
+% In order to make the necessary calculations many macros have been defined so
+% as to use complex number to manipulate point coordinates, directions,
+% rotations and the like. The trigonometric functions have also been defined in
+% a way that the author believes to be more efficient that that implied by the
+%  \texttt{trig} package; in any case the macro names are sufficiently
+% different to accomodate both definitions in the same \LaTeX\ run.
+%
+% Many aspects of this extension could be fine tuned for better performance;
+% many new commands could be defined in order to further extend this extension.
+% If the new service macros are accepted by other \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ programmers,
+% this beta version could become the start for a real extension of the
+% \texttt{pict2e} package or even become a part of it.
+%
+% For this reason I suppose that every enhanceent should be submitted to
+% Gäßlein and Niepraschk  who are the prime maintainers of \texttt{pict2e};
+% they only can decide wether or not to incorporate new macros in their package.
+%
+%
+% \StopEventually{%
+% \begin{thebibliography}{9}
+% \bibitem{pict2e} Gäßlein H.\ and Niepraschk R., \emph{The \texttt{pict2e}
+% package}, PDF document attached to the ``new'' \texttt{pict2e} bundle; the
+% bundle may be downloaded from any CTAN archive or one of their mirrors.
+% \end{thebibliography}
+% }
+%
+% \section{Source code}
+% \subsection{Some preliminary extensions to the \texttt{pict2e} package}
+% The necessary preliminary code has already been introduced. Here we require
+% the \texttt{color} package and the \texttt{pict2e} one; for the latter one we
+% make sure that a sufficiently recent version is used.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\RequirePackage{color}
+\RequirePackageWithOptions{pict2e}[2004/06/01]
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  Next we define the line terminators and joins; the following definitions work
+% correctly  if the \texttt{dvips} or the \texttt{pdftex} driver are specified;
+% probably other modes should be added so as to be consistent with
+% \texttt{pict2e}.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifcase\pIIe@mode\relax
+\or %Postscript
+ \def\roundcap{\special{ps:: 1 setlinecap}}%
+ \def\squarecap{\special{ps:: 0 setlinecap}}%
+ \def\roundjoin{\special{ps:: 1 setlinejoin}}%
+ \def\beveljoin{\special{ps:: 2 setlinejoin}}%
+\or %pdf
+ \def\roundcap{\pdfliteral{1 J}}%
+ \def\squarecap{\pdfliteral{0 J}}%
+ \def\roundjoin{\pdfliteral{1 j}}%
+ \def\beveljoin{\pdfliteral{2 j}}%
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The next macros are just for debugging. With the \texttt{tracing} package it
+% would probably be better to define other macros, but this is not for the
+% users, but for the devellopers.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\TRON{\tracingcommands\tw@ \tracingmacros\tw@}%
+\def\TROF{\tracingcommands\z@ \tracingmacros\z@}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Next we define some new dimension registers that will be used by the
+% subsequent macros; should they be already defined, there will not be any
+% redefinition; nevertheless the macros should be sufficiently protected so as
+% avoid overwriting register values loaded by other macro fpackages.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\undefined\@tdA \newdimen\@tdA \fi
+\ifx\undefined\@tdB \newdimen\@tdB \fi
+\ifx\undefined\@tdC \newdimen\@tdC \fi
+\ifx\undefined\@tdD \newdimen\@tdD \fi
+\ifx\undefined\@tdE \newdimen\@tdE \fi
+\ifx\undefined\@tdF \newdimen\@tdF \fi
+\ifx\undefined\defaultlinewidth \newdimen\defaultlinewidth \fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% It is better to define a macro for setting a different value for the line and
+% curve thicknesses; the `|\defaultlinewidth| should contain the
+% equivalent of |\@wholewidth|, that is the thickness of thick lines; thin lines
+% are half as thick; so when the default line thickness is specified to, say,
+% 1pt, thick lines will be 1pt thick and thin lines will be 0.5pt thick.  The
+% default whole width of thick lines is 0,8pt, but this is specified in the
+% kernel of \LaTeX\ and\slash or in \texttt{pict2e}.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\defaultlinethickness[1]{\defaultlinewidth=#1\relax
+\def\thicklines{\linethickness{\defaultlinewidth}}%
+\def\thinlines{\linethickness{.5\defaultlinewidth}}%
+\thinlines\ignorespaces}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The |\ignorespaces| at the end of this and the subsequent macros is for
+% avoiding spurious spaces to get into the picture that is being drawn, because
+% these spaces introduce picture deformities often difficult to spot and
+% eliminate.
+%
+% \subsubsection{Improved line and vector macros}
+% The new macro |\Line| allows to draw an arbitrary inclination line as if it
+% was a polygon with just two vertices. This line should be set by means of a
+% |\put| command so that its starting point is always at a relative 0,0
+% coordinate point. The two arguments define the horizontal and the
+% vertical component respectively.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\Line(#1,#2){\pIIe@moveto\z@\z@
+      \pIIe@lineto{#1\unitlength}{#2\unitlength}\pIIe@strokeGraph}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% A similar macro |\LINE| operates between two explicit points with absolute
+% coordinates, instead of relative to the position specified by a |\put|
+% command; it resorts to the |\polyline| macro that is to be defined in a while.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\LINE(#1)(#2){\polyline(#1)(#2)}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%  The |\line| macro is redefined by making use of a new division routine that
+%  receives in input two dimensions and yields on output their fractional ratio.
+% The beginning of the macro definition is the same as that of \texttt{pict2e}:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\line(#1)#2{\begingroup
+  \@linelen #2\unitlength
+  \ifdim\@linelen<\z@\@badlinearg\else
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% but as soon as it is verified that the line length is not zero, things
+% change remarkably; in facts the machinery for complex numbers is invoked:
+% |\DirOfVect| takes the only macro argument (that actually contains a comma
+% separated pair of fractional numbers) and copies it to |\Dir@line| (an
+% arbitrarily named control sequence) after renormalizing to unit magnitude;
+% this is passed to |GetCoord| that separates the two components into the
+% control sequences |\d@mX| and|\d@mY|; these in turn are the values that are
+% actually operated upon by the subsequent commands.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+    \expandafter\DirOfVect#1to\Dir@line
+    \GetCoord(\Dir@line)\d@mX\d@mY
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The normalized vector direction is actually formed with the directing cosines
+% of the line direction; since the line length is actually the horizontal
+% component for non vertical lines, it is necessary to compute the actual line
+% length for non vertical lines by dividing the given length by the
+% magnitude of horizontal cosine |\d@mX|, and the line legth is accordingly
+% scaled:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+    \ifdim\d@mX\p@=\z@\else
+      \DividE\ifdim\d@mX\p@<\z@-\fi\p@ by\d@mX\p@ to\sc@lelen
+      \@linelen=\sc@lelen\@linelen
+    \fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  Finally the \texttt{moveto}, \texttt{lineto} and \texttt{stroke} language
+% keywords are involed by means of the internal \texttt{pict2e} commands in
+% order to draw the line. Notice that even vertical lines are drawn with the
+% ``PostScript'' commands instead of resorting to the dvi low level language
+% that was used both in \texttt{pict2e} and in the original \texttt{picture}
+% commands; it had a meaning in the old times, but it certainly does not have
+% any when lines are drawn by the driver that drives the output to a visible
+% document form, not by \TeX\ the program.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+    \pIIe@moveto\z@\z@
+    \pIIe@lineto{\d@mX\@linelen}{\d@mY\@linelen}%
+    \pIIe@strokeGraph
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The new macro |\GetCoord| splits a vector (or complex number) specification
+% into its components:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\GetCoord(#1)#2#3{%
+\expandafter\SplitNod@\expandafter(#1)#2#3\ignorespaces}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% But the macro that does the real work is |\SplitNod@|:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\SplitNod@(#1,#2)#3#4{\edef#3{#1}\edef#4{#2}}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The redifinitions and the new definitions for vectors are a little more
+% complicated than with segments, because each vector is drawn as a filled
+% contour; the original \texttt{pict2e} macro checks if the slopes are
+% corrsponding to the limitations specified by Lamport (integer three digit
+% signed numbers) and sets up a transformation in order to make it possible to
+% draw each vector as an horizontal left-to-right arrow and then to rotate it by
+% its angle about its tail point; actually there are two macros for tracing the
+% contours that are eventually filled by the principal macro; each contour
+% macro draws the vector with a \LaTeX\ or a PostScript arrow whose parameters
+% are specified by default or may be taken from the parameters taken from the
+%\texttt{PSTricks} package if this one is loaded before \texttt{pict2e}; in any
+% case we did not change the contour drawing macros because if they are
+% modified the same modification is passed on to the arrows drawn with the
+% \texttt{curve2e} package redefinitions.
+%
+% Because of these features the redefinitions and the new macros are different
+% from those used for straight lines.
+%
+% We start with the redefinition of |\vector| and we use the machinery for
+% vectors (as complex numbers) we used for |\line|.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+  \def\vector(#1)#2{%
+    \begingroup
+      \GetCoord(#1)\d@mX\d@mY
+      \@linelen#2\unitlength
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% As in \texttt{pict2e} we avoid tracing vectors if the slope parameters are
+% both zero.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+      \ifdim\d@mX\p@=\z@\ifdim\d@mY\p@=\z@\@badlinearg\fi\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% But we check only for the positive nature of the $l_x$ component; if it is
+% negative, we simply change sign instead of blocking the typesetting process.
+% This is useful also for macros |\Vector| and |\VECTOR| to be defined in a
+% while.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+      \ifdim\@linelen<\z@ \@linelen=-\@linelen\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% We now make a vector with the slope direction even if one or the other is
+% zero and we determine its direction; the real and imaginary parts of the
+% direction vector are also the values we need for the subsequent rotation.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+      \MakeVectorFrom\d@mX\d@mY to\@Vect
+      \DirOfVect\@Vect to\Dir@Vect
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% In order to be compatible with the original \texttt{pict2e} I need to
+% transform the components of the vector direction in lengths with the specific
+% names |\@xdim| and |\@ydim|
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+        \YpartOfVect\Dir@Vect to\@ynum \@ydim=\@ynum\p@
+        \XpartOfVect\Dir@Vect to\@xnum \@xdim=\@xnum\p@
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% If the vector is really sloping we need to scale the $l_x$ component in order
+% to get the vector total length; we have to divide by the cosine of the vector
+% inclination wich is the real part of the vector direction. I use my division
+% macro; since it yields a ``factor'' I directly use it to scale the lenght of
+% the vector. I finally memorize the true vector lenth in the internal
+% dimension |@tdB|
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+        \ifdim\d@mX\p@=\z@
+        \else\ifdim\d@mY\p@=\z@
+          \else
+            \DividE\ifdim\@xnum\p@<\z@-\fi\p@ by\@xnum\p@ to\sc@lelen
+            \@linelen=\sc@lelen\@linelen
+          \fi
+        \fi
+      \@tdB=\@linelen
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  The remaining code is defintely similar to that of \texttt{pict2e}; the
+% real difference consists in the fact that the arrow is designed by itself
+% without the stem; but it is placed at the vector end; therefore the first
+% statement is just the transformation matrix used by the output driver to
+% rotate the arrow tip and to displace it the right amount. But in order
+% to draw only the arrow tip I have to set the |\@linelen| length to zero.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\pIIe@concat\@xdim\@ydim{-\@ydim}\@xdim{\@xnum\@linelen}{\@ynum\@linelen}%
+        \@linelen\z@
+        \pIIe@vector
+        \pIIe@fillGraph
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Now we can restore the stem lenght that must be shortened by the dimension of
+% the arrow; examinimng the documentation of \texttt{pict2e} we discover that
+% we have to shorten it by an approximate amount of $AL$ (with the notations of
+% \texttt{pict2e}, figs~10 and~11); the arrow tip paramenters are stored in
+% certain variables with which we can determine the amount of the stem
+% shortening; if the stem was too short and the new length is negative, we
+% refrain from designing such stem.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+      \@linelen=\@tdB
+      \@tdA=\pIIe@FAW\@wholewidth
+      \@tdA=\pIIe@FAL\@tdA
+      \advance\@linelen-\@tdA
+      \ifdim\@linelen>\z@
+        \pIIe@moveto\z@\z@
+        \pIIe@lineto{\@xnum\@linelen}{\@ynum\@linelen}%
+        \pIIe@strokeGraph\fi
+    \endgroup}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Now we define the macro that does not require the specification of the length
+% or the $l_x$ lenght component; the way the new |\vector| macro works does not
+% actually  require this specification, because \TeX\ can compute the vector
+% length, provided the two direction components are exacly the horizontal and
+% vertical vector components.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\Vector(#1,#2){\vector(#1,#2){#1}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% On the opposite the next macro specifies a vector by means of the coordinates
+% of its end points; the first point is where the vector starts, and the second
+% point is  the arrow side.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\VECTOR(#1)(#2){\begingroup
+\SubVect#1 from #2 to \@tempa
+\expandafter\put\expandafter(#1){\expandafter\Vector\expandafter(\@tempa)}%
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The \texttt{pict2e} documentation says that if the vector length is zero the
+% macro designs only the arrow tip; this may work with macro |\vector|,
+% certainly not with |\Vector| and |\VECTOR|. This might be useful for adding
+% an arrow tip to a circular arc
+%
+% \subsubsection{Polygonal lines}
+% We now define the polygonal line macro; its syntax is very simple
+% \begin{flushleft}\ttfamily
+% \cs{polygonal}(\rmfamily{P}$_0$)(\rmfamily{P}$_1$)\rmfamily{P}$_2$)\dots
+% (\rmfamily{P}$_n$)
+% \end{flushleft}
+% In order to write a recursive macro we need aliases for the parentheses;
+% actually we need only the left parenthesis, but some editors complain about
+% unmathched delimiters, so we define an alias also for the right parenthesis.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\let\lp@r( \let\rp@r)
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The first call to |\polyline| examines the first point coordinates and moves
+% the drawing position to this point; afterwards it looks for the second point
+% coordinates; they start with a left parenthesis; if this is found the
+% coordinates should be there, but if the left parenthesis is missing (possibly
+% preceeded by spaces that are ignored by the |\@ifnextchar| macro) then a
+% warning message is output together with the line number where the missing
+% parenthesis causes the warning: beware, this line number might point to
+% several lines further on along the source file!
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\polyline(#1){\beveljoin\GetCoord(#1)\d@mX\d@mY
+    \pIIe@moveto{\d@mX\unitlength}{\d@mY\unitlength}%
+    \@ifnextchar\lp@r{\p@lyline}{%
+    \PackageWarning{curve2e}%
+    {Polygonal lines require at least two vertices!\MessageBreak
+     Control your polygonal line specification\MessageBreak}%
+    \ignorespaces}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% But if there is a second or further point coordinate the recursive macro
+% |\p@lyline| is called; it works on the next point and checks for a further
+% point; if such a point exists it calls itself, otherwise it terminates the
+% polygonal line by stroking it.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\p@lyline(#1){\GetCoord(#1)\d@mX\d@mY
+    \pIIe@lineto{\d@mX\unitlength}{\d@mY\unitlength}%
+    \@ifnextchar\lp@r{\p@lyline}{\pIIe@strokeGraph\ignorespaces}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsubsection{The red service grid}
+% The next command is very useful for debugging while editing one's drawings;
+% it draws a red grid with square meshes that are ten drawing units apart;
+% there is no graduation along the grid, since it is supposed to be a debugging
+% aid and the user should know what he/she is doing; nevertheless it is
+% advisable to displace the grid by means of a |\put| command so that its grid
+% lines coincide with the graph coordinates multiples of 10. Missing to do so
+% the readings become cumbersome. The |\RoundUp| macros provide to increase the
+% grid dimensions to integer multiples of ten.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\GraphGrid(#1,#2){\begingroup\textcolor{red}{\linethickness{.1\p@}%
+\RoundUp#1modulo10to\@GridWd \RoundUp#2modulo10to\@GridHt
+\@tempcnta=\@GridWd \divide\@tempcnta10\relax \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
+\multiput(0,0)(10,0){\@tempcnta}{\line(0,1){\@GridHt}}%
+\@tempcnta=\@GridHt \divide\@tempcnta10\advance\@tempcnta\@ne
+\multiput(0,0)(0,10){\@tempcnta}{\line(1,0){\@GridWd}}\thinlines}%
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  Rounding uo is useful because also the grid margins fall on coordinates
+% multiples of 10. It resosrts to the |\Integer| macro that will be described in
+% a while.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\RoundUp#1modulo#2to#3{\expandafter\@tempcnta\Integer#1.??%
+\count254\@tempcnta\divide\count254by#2\relax
+\multiply\count254by#2\relax
+\count252\@tempcnta\advance\count252-\count254
+\ifnum\count252>0\advance\count252-#2\relax
+\advance\@tempcnta-\count252\fi\edef#3{\number\@tempcnta}\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The |\Integer| macro takes a possibly fractional number whose decimal
+% separator, if present, \textit{must} be the decimal point and uses the point
+% as an argunent delimiter  If one has the doubt that the number being passed
+%  to |\Integer| might be an integer, he/she should call the macro with a
+% further point;
+% if the argument is truly integer this point works as the delimiter of the
+% integer part; if the argument being passed is fractional this extra point
+% gets discarded as well as the fractional part of the number.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\Integer#1.#2??{#1}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{The new division macro}
+% Now comes one of the most important macros in the whole package: the division
+% macro; it takes two lengths as imput values ant computes their fractional
+% ratio.
+% It must take care of the signs, so that it examines the operand signs and
+% determines the result sign separately conserving this computed sign in the
+% macro |\segno|; this done, we are sure that both operands are or are
+% made positive; should the
+% numerator be zero it directly issues the zero quotient; should the
+% denominator be zero it ouputs a signed ``infinity'', that is the maximun
+% allowable length measured in points that \TeX\ can deal with.
+% Since the result is assigned a value, the calling statement must pass as the
+% third argument eiter a control sequence or an active character. Of course the
+% first operand is the dividend, the second the divisor and the third the
+% quotient.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\DividE\undefined
+  \def\DividE#1by#2to#3{%
+      \begingroup
+      \dimendef\Numer=254\relax \dimendef\Denom=252\relax
+      \countdef\Num 254\relax
+      \countdef\Den 252\relax
+      \countdef\I=250\relax
+      \Numer #1\relax \Denom #2\relax
+      \ifdim\Denom<\z@ \Denom -\Denom \Numer -\Numer\fi
+      \def\segno{}\ifdim\Numer<\z@ \def\segno{-}\Numer -\Numer\fi
+      \ifdim\Denom=\z@
+        \ifdim\Numer>\z@\def\Q{16383.99999}\else\def\Q{-16383.99999}\fi
+      \else
+        \Num=\Numer \Den=\Denom \divide\Num\Den
+        \edef\Q{\number\Num.}%
+        \advance\Numer -\Q\Denom \I=6\relax
+        \@whilenum \I>\z@ \do{\DividEDec\advance\I\m@ne}%
+      \fi
+      \xdef#3{\segno\Q}\endgroup
+  }%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  The |\DividEDec| macro takes the remainder of the previous division,
+% multiplies it by 10, computes a one digit quotient that postfixes to the
+% previous overall quotient, and computes the next remainder; all operations
+% are done on integer registers to whom the dimensional operands are assigned
+%  so that the mentioned registers acquire the measures of the dimensions in
+% scaled points; \TeX\ is called to perform integer arithmetics, but the long
+% division takes care of the decimal separator and of the suitable number of
+% fractional digits.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+  \def\DividEDec{\Numer=10\Numer \Num=\Numer \divide\Num\Den
+              \edef\q{\number\Num}\edef\Q{\Q\q}\advance\Numer -\q\Denom}%
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% In the above code the |\begingroup|\dots|\endgroup| maintain all registers
+% local so that ony the result must be globally defined. The |\ifx|\dots|\fi|
+% construct assures the division machinery is not redefined; I use it in so
+% many packages that its better not to mix up things even with slightly
+% different definitions.
+%
+% The next two macros are one of the myriad variants of the dirty trick used by
+% Knuth for separating a measure from its units that \textit{must} be points,
+% ``\texttt{pt}''; One has to call |\Numero| with a control sequence and a
+% dimension; the dimension value in points is assinged to the control sequence.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\undefined\@Numero%                         s
+  {\let\cc\catcode \cc`p=12\cc`t=12\gdef\@Numero#1pt{#1}}%
+\fi
+\ifx\undefined\Numero
+  \def\Numero#1#2{\dimen254
+#2\edef#1{\expandafter\@Numero\the\dimen254}\ignorespaces}%
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% For both macros the |\ifx|\dots|\fi| constructs avoids messing up the
+% definitions I have in several packages.
+%
+% \subsection{Trigonometric functions}
+%  We now start with trigonometric functions. We define the macros |\SinOf|,
+% |\CosOf| and |\TanOf| (we might define also |\CotOf|, but the cotangent does
+% not appear so essential) by means of the parametric formulas that require the
+% knowledge of the tangento of the half angle. We want to specify the angeles
+% in sexagesimal degrees, not in radians, so we can make accurate reductions to
+% the main quadrants. we use the fromulas
+% \begin{eqnarray*}
+% \sin\theta &=& \frac{2}{\cot x + \tan x}\\
+% \cos\theta &=& \frac{\cot x - \tan x}{\cot x + \tan x}\\
+% \tan\theta &=& \frac{2}{\cot x - \tan x}\\
+% \noalign{\hbox{where}}
+% x          &=& \theta/114.591559
+% \end{eqnarray*}
+% is the half angle in degrees converted to radians.
+%
+% We use this slightly modified set of parametric formulas because the cotangent
+% of $x$ is a by product of the computation of the tangent of $x$; in this way
+% we avoid computing the squares of numbers that might lead to overflows. For
+% the same reason we avoid computing the value of the trigonometric functions
+% in proximity of the value zero (and the other values that might involve high
+% tangent or cotangent values) and in that case we prefer to approximate the
+% small angle function value with its first or second order truncation of the
+% McLaurin series; in facts for angles whose magnitude is smaller than $1^\circ$
+% the magnitude of the independent variable $y=2x$ (the angle in degress
+% converted to radians) is so small (less than 0.017) that the sine and tangent
+% can be freely approximated with $y$ itself (the error being smaller than
+% approximately $10^{-6}$), while the cosine can be freely approximated with
+% the formula $1-0.5y^2$ (the error being smaller than about $4\cdot10^{-9}$).
+%
+% We keep using grouping so that internal variables are local to these groups
+% and do not mess up other things.
+%
+% The first macro is the service routine that computes the tangent and the
+% cotangent of the half angle in radians; since we have to use always the
+% reciprocal if this value, we call it |\X| but ins spite of the similarity it
+% is the reciprocal of $x$. Notice that parameter \texttt{\#1} must be a length.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\g@tTanCotanFrom#1to#2and#3{%
+\DividE 114.591559\p@ by#1to\X \@tdB=\X\p@
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Computations are done with the help of counter |\I|, of the length |\@tdB|,
+% and the auxiliary control sequences |\Tan| and |\Cot| whose meaning is
+% transparent. The iterative process controlled by |\@whilenum| implements the
+% (truncated) continued fraction expansion of the tangent function
+% \[
+% \tan x = \frac{1}{\displaystyle \frac{1\mathstrut}{\displaystyle x}
+%     -\frac{1}{\displaystyle \frac{3\mathstrut}{\displaystyle x}
+%     -\frac{1}{\displaystyle \frac{5\mathstrut}{\displaystyle x}
+%     -\frac{1}{\displaystyle \frac{7\mathstrut}{\displaystyle x}
+%     -\frac{1}{\displaystyle \frac{9\mathstrut}{\displaystyle x}
+%     -\frac{1}{\displaystyle \frac{11\mathstrut}{\displaystyle x}
+%     -\cdots}}}}}}
+% \]
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\countdef\I=254\def\Tan{0}\I=11\relax
+\@whilenum\I>\z@\do{%
+   \@tdC=\Tan\p@ \@tdD=\I\@tdB
+   \advance\@tdD-\@tdC \DividE\p@ by\@tdD to\Tan
+   \advance\I-2\relax}%
+\def#2{\Tan}\DividE\p@ by\Tan\p@ to\Cot \def#3{\Cot}%
+\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%  Now that we have the macro for computing the tangent and cotangent of the
+% half angle, we can compute the real trigonometric functions we are interesed
+% in. The sine value is computed after reducing the sine argument to the
+% interval $0^\circ< \theta<180^\circ$; actually special values such as
+% $0^\circ$,$90^\circ$, $180^\circ$, et cetera, are taken care separtely, so
+% that CPU time is saved for these special cases. The sine sign is taken care
+% separately accordinng to the quadrant of the sine argument.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\SinOf#1to#2{\begingroup%
+\@tdA=#1\p@%
+\ifdim\@tdA>\z@%
+  \@whiledim\@tdA>180\p@\do{\advance\@tdA -360\p@}%
+\else%
+  \@whiledim\@tdA<-180\p@\do{\advance\@tdA 360\p@}%
+\fi \ifdim\@tdA=\z@
+  \gdef#2{0}%
+\else
+  \ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+    \def\Segno{+}%
+  \else
+    \def\Segno{-}%
+    \@tdA=-\@tdA
+  \fi
+  \ifdim\@tdA>90\p@
+    \@tdA=-\@tdA \advance\@tdA 180\p@
+  \fi
+  \ifdim\@tdA=90\p@
+    \xdef#2{\Segno1}%
+  \else
+    \ifdim\@tdA=180\p@
+      \gdef#2{0}%
+    \else
+      \ifdim\@tdA<\p@
+        \@tdA=\Segno0.0174533\@tdA
+        \DividE\@tdA by\p@ to#2%
+      \else
+        \g@tTanCotanFrom\@tdA to\T and\Tp
+        \@tdA=\T\p@ \advance\@tdA \Tp\p@
+        \DividE \Segno2\p@ by\@tdA to#2%
+      \fi
+    \fi
+  \fi
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For the computation of the cosine we behave in a similar way.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\CosOf#1to#2{\begingroup%
+\@tdA=#1\p@%
+\ifdim\@tdA>\z@%
+  \@whiledim\@tdA>360\p@\do{\advance\@tdA -360\p@}%
+\else%
+  \@whiledim\@tdA<\z@\do{\advance\@tdA 360\p@}%
+\fi
+%
+\ifdim\@tdA>180\p@
+  \@tdA=-\@tdA \advance\@tdA 360\p@
+\fi
+%
+\ifdim\@tdA<90\p@
+  \def\Segno{+}%
+\else
+  \def\Segno{-}%
+  \@tdA=-\@tdA \advance\@tdA 180\p@
+\fi
+\ifdim\@tdA=\z@
+  \gdef#2{\Segno1}%
+\else
+  \ifdim\@tdA<\p@
+    \@tdA=0.0174533\@tdA \Numero\@tempA\@tdA
+    \@tdA=\@tempA\@tdA \@tdA=-.5\@tdA
+    \advance\@tdA \p@
+    \DividE\@tdA by\p@ to#2%
+  \else
+    \ifdim\@tdA=90\p@
+      \gdef#2{0}%
+    \else
+      \g@tTanCotanFrom\@tdA to\T and\Tp
+      \@tdA=\Tp\p@ \advance\@tdA-\T\p@
+      \@tdB=\Tp\p@ \advance\@tdB\T\p@
+      \DividE\Segno\@tdA by\@tdB to#2%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For the tangent computation we behave in a similar way, except that we
+% consider the fundamantal interval as $0^\circ<\theta<90^\circ$; for the odd
+% multiples of $90^\circ$ we assign the result a \TeX\ infinity value, that is
+% the maximum number in points a dimension can be.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\TanOf#1to#2{\begingroup%
+\@tdA=#1\p@%
+\ifdim\@tdA>90\p@%
+  \@whiledim\@tdA>90\p@\do{\advance\@tdA -180\p@}%
+\else%
+  \@whiledim\@tdA<-90\p@\do{\advance\@tdA 180\p@}%
+\fi%
+\ifdim\@tdA=\z@%
+  \gdef#2{0}%
+\else
+  \ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+    \def\Segno{+}%
+  \else
+    \def\Segno{-}%
+    \@tdA=-\@tdA
+  \fi
+  \ifdim\@tdA=90\p@
+    \xdef#2{\Segno16383.99999}%
+  \else
+    \ifdim\@tdA<\p@
+        \@tdA=\Segno0.0174533\@tdA
+        \DividE\@tdA by\p@ to#2%
+    \else
+      \g@tTanCotanFrom\@tdA to\T and\Tp
+      \@tdA\Tp\p@ \advance\@tdA -\T\p@
+      \DividE\Segno2\p@ by\@tdA to#2%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Arcs and curves preliminary information}
+% We would like to define now a macro for drawing circular arcs of any radius
+% and any angular aperture; the macro should require the arc center, the
+% arc starting point and the angular aperture. The command should have the
+% following syntax:
+% \begin{flushleft}\ttfamily
+% \cs{Arc}(\meta{{\rmfamily center}})(\meta{{\rmfamily starting
+%                 point}}){\meta{{\rmfamily angle}}}
+% \end{flushleft}
+%  If the \meta{angle} is positive the arc runs counterclokwise from the
+% starting point; clockwise if it's negative.
+%
+% It's necessary to detrmine the end point and the control points of the
+% Bézier spline(s) that make up the circular arc.
+%
+% The end point is obtained from the rotation of the starting point around the
+% center; but the \texttt{pict2e} comand |\pIIe@rotate| is such that the
+% pivoting point appears to be non relocatable.
+% It is therefore necessary to resort to low level \TeX\ commands and the
+% defined trigonometric functions and a set of macros that operate on complex
+% numbers used as vector scale-rotate operators.
+%
+% \subsection{Complex number macros}
+% We need therefore macros for summing, subtracting, multiplying, dividing
+% complex numbers, for determining they directions (unit vectors); a unit vector
+% is the complex number divided by its magnitude so that the result is the
+% cartesian form of the Euler's equation
+% \[
+% \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{j}\phi} = \cos\phi+\mathrm{j}\sin\phi
+% \]
+%
+% The magnitude of a vector id determined by taking a clever square root of a
+% function of the real and the imaginary parts; see further on.
+%
+% It's better to represent each complex number with one control sequence; this
+% implies frequent assembling and disassembling the pair of real numbers that
+% make up a complex number. These real components are assembled into the
+% defining control sequence as a couple of coordinates, i.e.\ two comma
+% separated integer or fractional signed decimal numbers.
+%
+% For assembling two real numbers into a complex number we use the following
+% elementary macro:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\MakeVectorFrom#1#2to#3{\edef#3{#1,#2}\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Another elementary macro copies a complex number into another one:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\CopyVect#1to#2{\edef#2{#1}\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The magnitude is determined with the macro |\ModOfVect| with delimited
+% arguments; as usual it is assumed that the results are retrieved by means of
+% control sequences, not used directly.
+%
+%  The magnitude $M$ is determined by taking the moduli of the real and
+% immaginary parts, changing their signs if necessary; the larger component is
+% then taken as the reference one so that, if $a$ is larger than $b$, the
+% square root of the sum of their squares is computed as such:
+% \[
+% M = \sqrt{a^2+b^2} = a\sqrt{1+(b/a)^2}
+% \]
+% In this way the radicand never exceeds 2 and its is quite easy taking its
+% square root by means of the Newton iterative process; due to the quadratic
+% convergence, five iterations are more than sufficient. When one of the
+% components is zero, the Newton iterative process is skipped. The overall
+% macro is the following:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ModOfVect#1to#2{\GetCoord(#1)\t@X\t@Y
+\@tempdima=\t@X\p@ \ifdim\@tempdima<\z@ \@tempdima=-\@tempdima\fi
+\@tempdimb=\t@Y\p@ \ifdim\@tempdimb<\z@ \@tempdimb=-\@tempdimb\fi
+\ifdim\@tempdima>\@tempdimb
+   \DividE\@tempdimb by\@tempdima to\@T
+   \@tempdimc=\@tempdima
+\else
+   \DividE\@tempdima by\@tempdimb to\@T
+   \@tempdimc=\@tempdimb
+\fi
+\ifdim\@T\p@>\z@
+   \@tempdima=\@T\p@ \@tempdima=\@T\@tempdima
+   \advance\@tempdima\p@ %
+   \@tempdimb=\p@%
+   \@tempcnta=5\relax
+   \@whilenum\@tempcnta>\z@\do{\DividE\@tempdima by\@tempdimb to\@T
+   \advance\@tempdimb \@T\p@ \@tempdimb=.5\@tempdimb
+   \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne}%\
+   \@tempdimc=\@T\@tempdimc
+\fi
+\Numero#2\@tempdimc
+\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% As a byproduct of the computation the control sequence |\@tempdimc| contains
+% the vector or complex number magnitude multiplied by the length of one point.
+%
+% Since the macro for determining the magnitude of a vector is available, we
+% can now normalize the vector to its magnitude, therefore getting the cartesian
+% form of the direction vector. If by any chance the direction of the null
+% vector is requested, the output is again the null vector, without
+% normalization.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\DirOfVect#1to#2{\GetCoord(#1)\t@X\t@Y
+\ModOfVect#1to\@tempa
+\ifdim\@tempdimc=\z@\else
+   \DividE\t@X\p@ by\@tempdimc to\t@X
+   \DividE\t@Y\p@ by\@tempdimc to\t@Y
+   \MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#2\relax
+\fi\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% A cumulative macro uses the above ones for determining with one call both the
+% magnitude and the direction of a complex number. The first argument is the
+% input complex number, the second its magnitude, and the third is again a
+% complex number normalized to unit magnitude (unless the input was the null
+% complex number); remember always that output quantities must be specified
+% with control sequences to be used at a later time.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ModAndDirOfVect#1to#2and#3{%
+\GetCoord(#1)\t@X\t@Y
+\ModOfVect#1to#2%
+\DividE\t@X\p@ by\@tempdimc to\t@X \DividE\t@Y\p@ by\@tempdimc to\t@Y
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#3\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The next macro computes the magnitude and the direction of the difference of
+% two complex numbers; the first input argument is the minuend, the second is
+% the subtraend; the output quantities are the third argument containing the
+% magnitude of the difference and the fourth is the direction of the difference.
+%  The service macro |\SubVect| executes the difference of two complex numbers
+% and is described further on.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\DistanceAndDirOfVect#1minus#2to#3and#4{%
+\SubVect#2from#1to\@tempa \ModAndDirOfVect\@tempa to#3and#4\relax
+\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% We now have two macros intended to fetch just the real or, respectively, the
+% imaginary part of the input complex number.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\XpartOfVect#1to#2{%
+\GetCoord(#1)#2\@tempa
+\ignorespaces}%
+%
+\def\YpartOfVect#1to#2{%
+\GetCoord(#1)\@tempa#2\relax
+\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% With the next macro we create a direction vector (second argument) from a
+% given angle (first argument).
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\DirFromAngle#1to#2{\CosOf#1to\t@X%
+\SinOf#1to\t@Y\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#2\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Sometimes it is necessary to scale a vector by an arbatrary real factor; this
+% implies scaling both the real and imaginary part of the input given vector.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ScaleVect#1by#2to#3{\GetCoord(#1)\t@X\t@Y
+\@tempdima=\t@X\p@ \@tempdima=#2\@tempdima\Numero\t@X\@tempdima
+\@tempdima=\t@Y\p@ \@tempdima=#2\@tempdima\Numero\t@Y\@tempdima
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#3\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Again, sometimes it is necessary to reverse the direction of rotation; this
+% implies changing the sign of the imaginary part of a given complex number;
+% this operation produces the complex conjugate of the given number.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ConjVect#1to#2{\GetCoord(#1)\t@X\t@Y
+\@tempdima=-\t@Y\p@\Numero\t@Y\@tempdima
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#2\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% With all the low level elementary operations we can now proceed to the
+% definitions of the binary operations on complex numbers. We start with the
+% addition:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\AddVect#1and#2to#3{\GetCoord(#1)\tu@X\tu@Y
+\GetCoord(#2)\td@X\td@Y \@tempdima\tu@X\p@
+\advance\@tempdima\td@X\p@ \Numero\t@X\@tempdima \@tempdima\tu@Y\p@
+\advance\@tempdima\td@Y\p@ \Numero\t@Y\@tempdima
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#3\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Then the subtraction:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\SubVect#1from#2to#3{\GetCoord(#1)\tu@X\tu@Y
+\GetCoord(#2)\td@X\td@Y \@tempdima\td@X\p@
+\advance\@tempdima-\tu@X\p@ \Numero\t@X\@tempdima \@tempdima\td@Y\p@
+\advance\@tempdima-\tu@Y\p@ \Numero\t@Y\@tempdima
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#3\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% For the multiplication we need to split the operation according to the fact
+% that we want to multiply by the second operand or by the complex comjugate of
+% the second operand; it would be nice if we could use the usual
+% postfixed asterisk notation for the complex conjugate, but I could not find
+%  a simple means for doing so; therefore I use the prefixed notation, that is
+% I put the asterisk before the second operand. The first part of the
+% multiplication macro just takes care of the multiplicand and then checks for
+% the asterisk; if there is no asterisk it calls a second service macro that
+%  performs a regular complex multiplication, otherwise it calls a third
+% service macro that executes the conjugate multiplication.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\MultVect#1by{\@ifstar{\@ConjMultVect#1by}{\@MultVect#1by}}%
+%
+\def\@MultVect#1by#2to#3{\GetCoord(#1)\tu@X\tu@Y
+\GetCoord(#2)\td@X\td@Y \@tempdima\tu@X\p@
+\@tempdimb\tu@Y\p@
+\@tempdimc=\td@X\@tempdima\advance\@tempdimc-\td@Y\@tempdimb
+\Numero\t@X\@tempdimc
+\@tempdimc=\td@Y\@tempdima\advance\@tempdimc\td@X\@tempdimb
+\Numero\t@Y\@tempdimc
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#3\ignorespaces}%
+%
+\def\@ConjMultVect#1by#2to#3{\GetCoord(#1)\tu@X\tu@Y
+\GetCoord(#2)\td@X\td@Y \@tempdima\tu@X\p@ \@tempdimb\tu@Y\p@
+\@tempdimc=\td@X\@tempdima\advance\@tempdimc+\td@Y\@tempdimb
+\Numero\t@X\@tempdimc
+\@tempdimc=\td@X\@tempdimb\advance\@tempdimc-\td@Y\@tempdima
+\Numero\t@Y\@tempdimc
+\MakeVectorFrom\t@X\t@Y to#3\ignorespaces}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The division of two complex numbers implies scaling down the dividend by the
+% magnitude of the divisor and by rotating the dividend scaled vector by the
+% opposite direction of the divisor; therefore:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\DivVect#1by#2to#3{\ModAndDirOfVect#2to\@Mod and\@Dir
+\DividE\p@ by\@Mod\p@ to\@Mod \ConjVect\@Dir to\@Dir
+\ScaleVect#1by\@Mod to\@tempa
+\MultVect\@tempa by\@Dir to#3\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Arcs and curved vectors}
+% We are now in the position of really doing graphic work We start with tracing
+% a circular arc of arbitrary center, arbitrary starting point and arbitrary
+% aperture; The first macro checks the aperture; if this is not zero it
+% actually proceeds with the necessary computations, otherwise it does
+% nothing.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\Arc(#1)(#2)#3{\begingroup
+\@tdA=#3\p@ \ifdim\@tdA=\z@\else
+  \@Arc(#1)(#2)%
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The aperture is already memorized in |\@tdA|; the |\@Arc| macro receives
+% the center coordinates in the first argument and the coordinates of the
+% starting point in the second argument.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@Arc(#1)(#2){%
+\ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+  \let\Segno+%
+\else
+  \@tdA=-\@tdA \let\Segno-%
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The rotation angle sign is memorized in |\Segno| and |\@tdA| now contains the
+% absolute value of the arc aperture.
+% If the rotation angle is larger than $360^\circ$ a message is issued that
+% informs the user that the angle will be reduced modulo $360^\circ$; this
+% operation is performed by succesive subtractions rather than with modular
+%  arithmetics on the assumption that in general one subtraction suffices.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+\ifdim\@tdA>360\p@
+ \PackageWarning{curve2e}{The arc aperture is \@gradi\space degrees
+      and gets reduced\MessageBreak%
+      to the range 0--360 taking the sign into consideration}%
+ \@whiledim\@tdA>360\p@\do{\advance\@tdA-360\p@}%
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Now the radius is determined and the drawing point is moved to the stating
+% point.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\SubVect#2from#1to\@V \ModOfVect\@V to\@Raggio \CopyVect#2to\@pPun
+\CopyVect#1to\@Cent \GetCoord(\@pPun)\@pPunX\@pPunY
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% From now on it's better to define a new macro that will be used also in the
+% subsequent macros that trace arcs; here we already have the starting poin
+% coordinates and the angle to draw the arc, therefore we just call the new
+% macro, stroke the line and exit.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\@@Arc
+\pIIe@strokeGraph\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% And the new macro |\@@Arc| starts with moving the drawing point to the first
+% point and does everything needed for tracing the requested arc, except
+% stroking it; I leave the \texttt{stroke} command to the completion of the
+% calling macro and nobody forbids to use the |\@@Arc| macro for other purposes.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@@Arc{%
+\pIIe@moveto{\@pPunX\unitlength}{\@pPunY\unitlength}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% If the aperture is larger than $180^\circ$ it traces a semicircle in thr
+% right direction and correspondingly reduces the overall aperture.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifdim\@tdA>180\p@
+  \advance\@tdA-180\p@
+  \Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+  \SubVect\@pPun from\@Cent to\@V
+  \AddVect\@V and\@Cent to\@sPun
+  \MultVect\@V by0,-1.3333333to\@V \if\Segno-\ScaleVect\@V by-1to\@V\fi
+  \AddVect\@pPun and\@V to\@pcPun
+  \AddVect\@sPun and\@V to\@scPun
+  \GetCoord(\@pcPun)\@pcPunX\@pcPunY
+  \GetCoord(\@scPun)\@scPunX\@scPunY
+  \GetCoord(\@sPun)\@sPunX\@sPunY
+  \pIIe@curveto{\@pcPunX\unitlength}{\@pcPunY\unitlength}%
+               {\@scPunX\unitlength}{\@scPunY\unitlength}%
+               {\@sPunX\unitlength}{\@sPunY\unitlength}%
+  \CopyVect\@sPun to\@pPun
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% If the remaining aperture is not zero it contiues tracing the rest of the arc.
+% Here we need the extrema of the arc and the coordinates of the control points
+% of the Bézier cubic spline that traces the arc. The control points lay on the
+% perpendicular to the vectors that join the arc center to the stating
+% and end points respectively. Their distance $K$ from the adiacent nodes is
+% determined with the formula
+% \[
+% K= \frac{4}{3}(1-\cos\theta)R
+% \]
+% where $\theta$ is half the arc aperture and $R$ is its radius.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+  \DirFromAngle\@gradi to\@Dir \if\Segno-\ConjVect\@Dir to\@Dir \fi
+  \SubVect\@Cent from\@pPun to\@V
+  \MultVect\@V by\@Dir to\@V
+  \AddVect\@Cent and\@V to\@sPun
+  \@tdA=.5\@tdA \Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+  \DirFromAngle\@gradi to\@Phimezzi
+  \GetCoord(\@Phimezzi)\@cosphimezzi\@sinphimezzi
+  \@tdB=1.3333333\p@ \@tdB=\@Raggio\@tdB
+  \@tdC=\p@ \advance\@tdC -\@cosphimezzi\p@ \Numero\@tempa\@tdC
+  \@tdB=\@tempa\@tdB
+  \DividE\@tdB by\@sinphimezzi\p@ to\@cZ
+  \ScaleVect\@Phimezzi by\@cZ to\@Phimezzi
+  \ConjVect\@Phimezzi to\@mPhimezzi
+  \if\Segno-%
+    \let\@tempa\@Phimezzi
+    \let\@Phimezzi\@mPhimezzi
+    \let\@mPhimezzi\@tempa
+  \fi
+  \SubVect\@sPun from\@pPun to\@V
+  \DirOfVect\@V to\@V
+  \MultVect\@Phimezzi by\@V to\@Phimezzi
+  \AddVect\@sPun and\@Phimezzi to\@scPun
+  \ScaleVect\@V by-1to\@V
+  \MultVect\@mPhimezzi by\@V to\@mPhimezzi
+  \AddVect\@pPun and\@mPhimezzi to\@pcPun
+  \GetCoord(\@pcPun)\@pcPunX\@pcPunY
+  \GetCoord(\@scPun)\@scPunX\@scPunY
+  \GetCoord(\@sPun)\@sPunX\@sPunY
+  \pIIe@curveto{\@pcPunX\unitlength}{\@pcPunY\unitlength}%
+               {\@scPunX\unitlength}{\@scPunY\unitlength}%
+               {\@sPunX\unitlength}{\@sPunY\unitlength}%
+\fi}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We exploit much of the above definitions for the |\Arc| macro for drawing
+% circular arcs with an arrow at one or both ends; the first macro
+% |\VerctorArc| draws an arrow at the ending point of the arc; the second macro
+% |\VectorARC| draws arrows at both ends; the arrows have the same shape as
+% those for vectors; actually they are drawn by putting a vector of zero
+% length at the proper arc end(s), thereore they are styled as traditional or
+% PostScript arrows according to the option of the \texttt{pict2e} package.
+%
+% But the specific drawing done here shortens the arc so as not to overlap on
+% the arrow(s); the only or both arrows are also lightly tilted in order to
+% avoid the impression of a corner where the arc enters the arrow tip.
+%
+%  All these operations require a lot of ``playing'' with vector directions,
+% but even if the operations are numerous, they do not do anything else but:
+% (a) determining the end point and its direction ; (b) determining the arrow
+% length as an angular quantity, i.e. the arc amplitude that must be subtracted
+% from the total arc to be drawn; (c) the direction of the arrow should be
+% corresponding to the tangent to the arc at the point where the arrow tip is
+% attached;(d) tiltilng the arrow tip by half its angular amplitude; (e)
+% determining the resulting position and direction of the arrow tip so as to
+% draw a zero length vector; (f) possibly repeating the same procedure for the
+% other end of the arc; shortening the total arc angular amplitude by the
+% amount of the  arrow tip(s) already set, and then drawing the final circular
+% arc that joins the starting point to the final arrow or one arrow to the other
+% one.
+%
+%  The calling macros are very similar to the |\Arc| macro initial one:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\VectorArc(#1)(#2)#3{\begingroup
+\@tdA=#3\p@ \ifdim\@tdA=\z@\else
+  \@VArc(#1)(#2)%
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%
+\def\VectorARC(#1)(#2)#3{\begingroup
+\@tdA=#3\p@
+\ifdim\@tdA=\z@\else
+  \@VARC(#1)(#2)%
+\fi
+\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  The single arrowed arc is defined with the following long macro where all the
+% described operations are performed more or less in the described succession;
+% probably the macro requires a little cleaning, but since it work fine I did
+% not try to optimize it for time or number of tokens. The final part of the
+% macro is almost identical to that of the plain arc; the beginning also is
+% quite similar; The central part is dedicated to the positioning of the arrow
+% tip and to the necessary calculations for determining the tip tilt and the
+% reduction of the total arc length. The already defined |\@@Arc| macro actually
+% draws the curved vector stem without stroking it.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@VArc(#1)(#2){%
+\ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+  \let\Segno+%
+\else
+  \@tdA=-\@tdA \let\Segno-%
+\fi \Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+\ifdim\@tdA>360\p@
+ \PackageWarning{curve2e}{The arc aperture is \@gradi\space degrees
+      and gets reduced\MessageBreak%
+      to the range 0--360 taking the sign into consideration}%
+ \@whiledim\@tdA>360\p@\do{\advance\@tdA-360\p@}%
+\fi
+\SubVect#1from#2to\@V \ModOfVect\@V to\@Raggio \CopyVect#2to\@pPun
+\@tdE=\pIIe@FAW\@wholewidth \@tdE=\pIIe@FAL\@tdE
+\Numero\@Freccia\@tdE
+\DividE\@Freccia\p@ by \@Raggio\p@ to\DeltaGradi
+\@tdD=\DeltaGradi\p@
+\@tdD=57.29578\@tdD \Numero\DeltaGradi\@tdD
+\@tdD=\ifx\Segno--\fi\@gradi\p@ \Numero\@tempa\@tdD
+\DirFromAngle\@tempa to\@Dir
+\MultVect\@V by\@Dir to\@sPun
+\edef\@tempA{\ifx\Segno-\m@ne\else\@ne\fi}%
+\MultVect\@sPun by 0,\@tempA to\@vPun
+\DirOfVect\@vPun to\@Dir
+\AddVect\@sPun and #1 to \@sPun
+\GetCoord(\@sPun)\@tdX\@tdY
+\@tdD\ifx\Segno--\fi\DeltaGradi\p@
+\@tdD=.5\@tdD \Numero\DeltaGradi\@tdD
+\DirFromAngle\DeltaGradi to\@Dird
+\MultVect\@Dir by*\@Dird to\@Dir
+\GetCoord(\@Dir)\@xnum\@ynum
+\put(\@tdX,\@tdY){\vector(\@xnum,\@ynum){0}}%
+\@tdE =\ifx\Segno--\fi\DeltaGradi\p@
+\advance\@tdA -\@tdE \Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+\CopyVect#1to\@Cent \GetCoord(\@pPun)\@pPunX\@pPunY
+\@@Arc
+\pIIe@strokeGraph\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The macro for the arc terminated with arrow tips at both ends is again very
+% similar, except it is necessary to repeat the arrow tip positioning also at
+% the starting point. The |\@@Arc| macro draws the curved stem.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@VARC(#1)(#2){%
+\ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+  \let\Segno+%
+\else
+  \@tdA=-\@tdA \let\Segno-%
+\fi \Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+\ifdim\@tdA>360\p@
+ \PackageWarning{curve2e}{The arc aperture is \@gradi\space degrees
+      and gets reduced\MessageBreak%
+      to the range 0--360 taking the sign into consideration}%
+ \@whiledim\@tdA>360\p@\do{\advance\@tdA-360\p@}%
+\fi
+\SubVect#1from#2to\@V \ModOfVect\@V to\@Raggio \CopyVect#2to\@pPun
+\@tdE=\pIIe@FAW\@wholewidth \@tdE=0.8\@tdE
+\Numero\@Freccia\@tdE
+\DividE\@Freccia\p@ by \@Raggio\p@ to\DeltaGradi
+\@tdD=\DeltaGradi\p@ \@tdD=57.29578\@tdD \Numero\DeltaGradi\@tdD
+\@tdD=\ifx\Segno--\fi\@gradi\p@ \Numero\@tempa\@tdD
+\DirFromAngle\@tempa to\@Dir
+\MultVect\@V by\@Dir to\@sPun
+\edef\@tempA{\ifx\Segno-\m@ne\else\@ne\fi}%
+\MultVect\@sPun by 0,\@tempA to\@vPun
+\DirOfVect\@vPun to\@Dir
+\AddVect\@sPun and #1 to \@sPun
+\GetCoord(\@sPun)\@tdX\@tdY
+\@tdD\ifx\Segno--\fi\DeltaGradi\p@
+\@tdD=.5\@tdD \Numero\@tempB\@tdD
+\DirFromAngle\@tempB to\@Dird
+\MultVect\@Dir by*\@Dird to\@Dir
+\GetCoord(\@Dir)\@xnum\@ynum
+\put(\@tdX,\@tdY){\vector(\@xnum,\@ynum){0}}%
+\@tdE =\DeltaGradi\p@
+\advance\@tdA -2\@tdE \Numero\@gradi\@tdA
+\CopyVect#1to\@Cent \GetCoord(\@pPun)\@pPunX\@pPunY
+\SubVect\@Cent from\@pPun to \@V
+\edef\@tempa{\ifx\Segno-\else-\fi\@ne}%
+\MultVect\@V by0,\@tempa to\@vPun
+\@tdE\ifx\Segno--\fi\DeltaGradi\p@
+\Numero\@tempB{0.5\@tdE}%
+\DirFromAngle\@tempB to\@Dird
+\MultVect\@vPun by\@Dird to\@vPun
+\DirOfVect\@vPun to\@Dir\GetCoord(\@Dir)\@xnum\@ynum
+\put(\@pPunX,\@pPunY){\vector(\@xnum,\@ynum){0}}
+\edef\@tempa{\ifx\Segno--\fi\DeltaGradi}%
+\DirFromAngle\@tempa to \@Dir
+\SubVect\@Cent from\@pPun to\@V
+\MultVect\@V by\@Dir to\@V
+\AddVect\@Cent and\@V to\@pPun
+\GetCoord(\@pPun)\@pPunX\@pPunY
+\@@Arc
+\pIIe@strokeGraph\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% It must be understood that the curved vectors, tha above circular arcs
+% terminated with an arrow tip at one or both ends, have a nice appearance only
+% if the arc radius is not too small, or, said in a different way, if the arrow
+% tip  angular width does not exceed a maximum of a dozen degrees (and this is
+% probably already too much); the tip does not get curved as the arc is,
+% therefore there is not a smooth transition from the curved stem and the
+% straight arrow tip if this one is large in comparison to the arc radius.
+%
+% \subsection{General curves}
+% Now we define a macro for tracing a general, not necessarily circular arc.
+% This macro resorts to a general triplet of macros with which it is possible
+% to draw almost anything. It traces a single Bézier spline from a first point
+% where the tangent direction is specified to a second point where again it is
+% specified the tangent direction. Actually this is a special (possibly useless)
+% case where the general |\Curve| macro could do the same or a better job. In
+% any case\dots
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\CurveBetween#1and#2WithDirs#3and#4{%
+\StartCurveAt#1WithDir{#3}\relax
+\CurveTo#2WithDir{#4}\CurveFinish}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%  Actually the above macro is a special case of concatenation of the triplet
+% formed by macros |\StartCurve|, |\CurveTo| and|\CurveFinish|; the second of
+% which can be repeated an arbitrary number of times.
+%
+% The first macro initializes the drawing and the third one strokes it; the
+% real work is done by the second macro. The first macro inizializes the
+% drawing but also memorizes the starting direction; the second macro traces
+% the current Bézier arc reaching the destination point with the sepcified
+% direction, but memorizes this direction as the one with which to start the
+% next arc. The overall curve is then always smooth because the various
+% Bézier arcs join with continuous tangents. If a cusp is desired it is
+% necessary to change the memorized direction at the end of the arc before the
+% cusp and before the start of the next arc; this is better than stroking the
+% curve before the cusp and then starting another curve, because the curve
+% jointure at the cusp is not stroked with the same command, therefore we get
+% two superimposed curve terminations. We therefore need another small macro
+% |\ChangeDir| to perform this task.
+%
+% It is necessary to recall that the directions point to the control points,
+% but they do not define the control points themselves; they are just
+% directions, or, even better, they are simply vectors with the desired
+% direction; the macros themselves provide to the normalization and
+% memorization.
+%
+% The next desirable poit would be to design a macro that accepts optional node
+% directions and computes the missing ones according to a suitable strategy. I
+% can think of many such strategies, but none seems to be generally applicable,
+% in the sense that one strategy might give good results, say, with sinusoids
+% and another one,say, with cardioids, but neither one is suitable for both
+% cases.
+%
+% For the moment we refrain from automatic direction computation, but we design
+% the general macro as if directions were iptional.
+%
+%  Here we begin with the first initializing macro that receives in the  first
+% argument the starting point and in the second argument the direction of the
+% tangent (not necessarily normalized to a unit vector)
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\StartCurveAt#1WithDir#2{%
+\begingroup
+\GetCoord(#1)\@tempa\@tempb
+\CopyVect\@tempa,\@tempb to\@Pzero
+\pIIe@moveto{\@tempa\unitlength}{\@tempb\unitlength}%
+\GetCoord(#2)\@tempa\@tempb
+\CopyVect\@tempa,\@tempb to\@Dzero
+\DirOfVect\@Dzero to\@Dzero}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% And this reinitializes the direction after a cusp
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ChangeDir<#1>{%
+\GetCoord(#1)\@tempa\@tempb
+\CopyVect\@tempa,\@tempb to\@Dzero
+\DirOfVect\@Dzero to\@Dzero
+\ignorespaces}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The next macro is the finishing one; it strokes the whole curve and closes the
+% group that was opened with |\StartCurve|.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\CurveFinish{\pIIe@strokeGraph\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The ``real'' curve macro comes next; it is supposed to determine the control
+% points for joining the previous point (initial node) with the specified
+% direction to the next point with another specified direction (final node).
+% Since the control points are along the sepcified directions, it is necessary
+% to determine the distances from the adiacent curve nodes. This must work
+% correctly even if nodes and directions imply an inflection point somewhere
+% along the arc.
+%
+% The strategy I devised consists in determining each control point as if it
+% were the control point of a circular arc, precisely an arc of an
+% osculating circle, a circle tangent to the curve at that node. The ambiguity
+% of the stated problem may be solved by establishing that the chord of the
+% osculating circle has the same direction as the chord of the arc being drawn,
+% and that the curve chord is divided into two parts each of which should be
+% interpreted as half the chord of the osculating circle; this curve chord
+% division is made proportionally to the projection of the tangent directions
+% on the chord itself. Excluding degenerate cases that may be dealt with
+% directly, immagine the triangle built with the chord and the two tangents;
+% this triangle is staightforward if there is no inflection point; otherwise it
+% is necessary to change one of the two directions by reflecting it about the
+% chord. This is much simpler to view if a general rotation of the whole
+% contruction is made so as to bring the curve chord on the $x$ axis, because
+% the reflection about the chord amounts to taking the complex conjugate of one
+% of the directions. In facts with a concave curve the ``left'' direction
+% vector arrow and the ``right'' direction vector tail lay in the same half
+% plane, while with an inflected curve, they lay in opposite half plains, so
+% that taking the complex conjugate of one of directions re-establishes the
+% correct situation for the triangle we are looking for.
+%
+% This done the perpendicular from the triangle vertex to the cord divides the
+% chord in two parts (the foot of this perpendicular may lay outside the chord,
+% but this is no problem since we are looking for positive solutions, so that
+% if we get negative numbers we just negate tem); these two parts are taken as
+% the half chords of the osculating circles, therefore there is no problem
+% determining the distances $K_{\mathrm{left}}$ and $K_{\mathrm{rigth}}$ from
+% the left and right
+% nodes by using the same formula we used with circular arcs. Well\dots\ the
+% same formula means that we have to determine the radius from the half chord
+% and its inclination with the node tangent; all things we can do with the
+% complex number algebra and macros we already have at our disposal. If we look
+% carefully at this computation done for the circular arc we discover that in
+% practice we used the half chord length instead of the radius; so the coding
+% is actually the same, may be just with different variable names.
+%
+% We therefore start with getting the points and directions and calculating the
+% chord and its direction
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\CurveTo#1WithDir#2{%
+\def\@Puno{#1}\def\@Duno{#2}\DirOfVect\@Duno to\@Duno
+\DistanceAndDirOfVect\@Puno minus\@Pzero to\@Chord and\@DirChord
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Then we rotate everything about the starting point so as to bring the chord on
+% the real axis
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\MultVect\@Dzero by*\@DirChord to \@Dpzero
+\MultVect\@Duno by*\@DirChord to \@Dpuno
+\GetCoord(\@Dpzero)\@Xpzero\@Ypzero
+\GetCoord(\@Dpuno)\@Xpuno\@Ypuno
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The chord needs not be actually rotated because it suffices its length
+% along the real axis; the chord length is memorized in |\@Chord|.
+%
+% We now examine the various degenerate cases, when either tangent is
+% perpendicular to che chord, or when it is parallel pointing invard or outward,
+% with or without inflection.
+%
+% We start with the $90^\circ$ case for the ``left'' direction
+% separating the cases when the other direction is or is not $90^\circ$~\dots
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ifdim\@Xpzero\p@=\z@
+  \ifdim\@Xpuno\p@=\z@
+    \@tdA=0.666666\p@
+    \Numero\@Mcpzero{\@Chord\@tdA}%
+    \edef\@Mcpuno{\@Mcpzero}%
+  \else
+    \@tdA=0.666666\p@
+    \Numero\@Mcpzero{\@Chord\@tdA}%
+    \SetCPmodule\@Mcpuno from\@ne\@Chord\@Dpuno%
+  \fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \dots\ from when the ``left'' direction is not perpendicular to the chord; it
+% might
+% be  parallel and we must distinguish the cases for the other direction~\dots
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\else
+  \ifdim\@Xpuno\p@=\z@
+    \@tdA=0.666666\p@
+    \Numero\@Mcpuno{\@Chord\@tdA}%
+    \SetCPmodule\@Mcpzero from\@ne\@Chord\@Dpzero%
+  \else
+     \ifdim\@Ypzero\p@=\z@
+       \@tdA=0.333333\p@
+       \Numero\@Mcpzero{\@Chord\@tdA}%
+       \ifdim\@Ypuno\p@=\z@
+            \edef\@Mcpuno{\@Mcpzero}%
+       \fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \dots\ from when the left direction is oblique and the other direction is
+% either parallel to the chord~\dots
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+     \else
+       \ifdim\@Ypuno\p@=\z@
+         \@tdA=0.333333\p@
+         \Numero\@Mcpuno{\@Chord\@tdA}%
+         \SetCPmodule\@Mcpzero from\@ne\@Chord\@Dpzero
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \dots\ and, finally, from when both directions are oblique with respect to
+% the chord; we must see if there is an inflection point; if both direction
+% point to the same half plane we have to take the complex conjugate of une
+% direction so as to define the triangle we were speaking about above.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+       \else
+         \@tdA=\@Ypzero\p@ \@tdA=\@Ypuno\@tdA
+         \ifdim\@tdA>\z@
+           \ConjVect\@Dpuno to\@Dwpuno
+         \else
+           \edef\@Dwpuno{\@Dpuno}%
+         \fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% The control sequence |\@Dwpuno| contains the right direction for forming the
+% triangle; we cam make the weighed subdivision of the chord according to the
+% horizontal components of the directions; we eventually turn negative values
+% to positive ones since we are intersted in the magnitudes of the control
+% vectors.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+         \GetCoord(\@Dwpuno)\@Xwpuno\@Ywpuno
+         \@tdA=\@Xpzero\p@ \@tdA=\@Ywpuno\@tdA
+         \@tdB=\@Xwpuno\p@ \@tdB=\@Ypzero\@tdB
+         \DividE\@tdB by\@tdA to\@Fact
+         \@tdC=\p@ \advance\@tdC-\@Fact\p@
+         \ifdim\@tdC<\z@ \@tdC=-\@tdC\fi
+         \DividE\p@ by \@Fact\p@ to\@Fact
+         \@tdD=\p@ \advance\@tdD-\@Fact\p@
+         \ifdim\@tdD<\z@ \@tdD=-\@tdD\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  before dividing by the denominator we have to check the directions, although
+% oblique to the chord are not parallel to one another; in this case there is
+% no question of a weighed subdivision of the chord
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+         \ifdim\@tdD<0.0001\p@
+           \def\@factzero{1}%
+           \def\@factuno{1}%
+         \else
+           \DividE\p@ by\@tdC to\@factzero
+           \DividE\p@ by\@tdD to\@factuno
+         \fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% We now have the subdivision factors and we call another macro for determining
+% the required magnitudes
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+         \SetCPmodule\@Mcpzero from\@factzero\@Chord\@Dpzero
+         \SetCPmodule\@Mcpuno from\@factuno\@Chord\@Dwpuno
+      \fi
+     \fi
+  \fi
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Now we have all data we need and we determine the positions of the control
+% points; we do not work any more on the rotated diagram of the horizontal
+% chord, but we operate on the original points and directions; all we had to
+% compute, after all, were the distances of the control point along the
+% specified directions; remember that the ``left'' control point is along the
+% positive ``left'' direction, while the ``right'' conptrol point precedes the
+% curve node along the ``rigth'' direction, so that a vector subtraction must
+% be done.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\ScaleVect\@Dzero by\@Mcpzero to\@CPzero
+\AddVect\@Pzero and\@CPzero to\@CPzero
+\ScaleVect\@Duno by\@Mcpuno to\@CPuno
+\SubVect\@CPuno from\@Puno to\@CPuno
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% Now we have the four points and we can instruct the internal \texttt{pict2e}
+% macros to do the path tracing.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\GetCoord(\@Puno)\@XPuno\@YPuno
+\GetCoord(\@CPzero)\@XCPzero\@YCPzero
+\GetCoord(\@CPuno)\@XCPuno\@YCPuno
+\pIIe@curveto{\@XCPzero\unitlength}{\@YCPzero\unitlength}%
+             {\@XCPuno\unitlength}{\@YCPuno\unitlength}%
+             {\@XPuno\unitlength}{\@YPuno\unitlength}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%  It does not have to stroke the curve because other Bézier splines might still
+%  be added to the path. On the opposite it memorizes the final point as the
+% initial point of the next spline
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\CopyVect\@Puno to\@Pzero
+\CopyVect\@Duno to\@Dzero
+\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%  The next macro is used to determine the control vectors lengths when we have
+% the chord fraction, the chord length and the direction along which to compute
+% the vector; all the input data (arguments from \#2 to \#4) may be passed as
+% control sequences so the calling statement needs not use any curly braces.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\SetCPmodule#1from#2#3#4{%
+\GetCoord(#4)\t@X\t@Y
+\@tdA=#3\p@
+\@tdA=#2\@tdA
+\@tdA=1.333333\@tdA
+\@tdB=\p@ \advance\@tdB +\t@X\p@
+\DividE\@tdA by\@tdB to#1\relax
+\ignorespaces}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% We finally define the overall |\Curve| macro that recursively examines an
+% arbitrary list of nodes and directions; node coordinates are grouped within
+% regular parentheses while direction components are grouped within angle
+% brackets. The first call of the macro initializes the drawing process and
+% checks for the next node and direction; if a second node is missing, it issues
+% a warning message and does not draw anything. The second macro defines the
+% path to the next point and checks for another node; if the next list item is
+% a square bracket delimited argument, it iterprets it as a change of
+% direction, while if it is another parentesis delinite argument it inpterprets
+% it as a new node-direction specification;
+% if the node and direction list is terminated, it issues the stroking command
+% and exits the recursive process. The |@ChangeDir| macro is just an interface
+% for executing the regular |\ChangeDir| macro, but also for recursing again by
+% recalling |\@Curve|.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\Curve(#1)<#2>{%
+    \StartCurveAt#1WithDir{#2}%
+    \@ifnextchar\lp@r\@Curve{%
+    \PackageWarning{curve2e}{%
+    Curve specifications must contain at least two nodes!\Messagebreak
+    Please, control your Curve specifications\MessageBreak}}}
+\def\@Curve(#1)<#2>{%
+    \CurveTo#1WithDir{#2}%
+    \@ifnextchar\lp@r\@Curve{%
+    \@ifnextchar[\@ChangeDir\CurveFinish}}
+\def\@ChangeDir[#1]{\ChangeDir<#1>\@Curve}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% As a concluding remark, please notice the the |\Curve| macro is certainly the
+% most confortable to use, but it is sort of frozen in its possibilities. The
+% user may certainly use the |\StartCurve|, |\CurveTo|, |\ChangeDir|, and
+% |\CurveFinish| for a more versatile set of drawing macros; evidently nobody
+% forbids to exploit the full power of the |\cbezier| original macro for cubic
+% splines.
+%
+% I believe that the set of new macros can really help the user to draw his/her
+% diagrams with more agility; it will be the accumulated experience to decide if
+% this is true.
+% \Finale
+% \endinput
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/curve2e/curve2e.ins b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/curve2e/curve2e.ins
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..037eca128ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/curve2e/curve2e.ins
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+%%
+%% --------------- start of docstrip commands ------------------
+%%
+\def\batchfile{curve2e.ins}
+\input docstrip.tex
+\preamble
+
+Copyright 2005 Claudio Beccari All rights reserved.
+
+ This system is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+
+IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+
+This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+The latest version of this license is in
+  http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+version 2003/12/01 or later.
+
+This work has the LPPL maintenance status "author-maintained".
+
+This work consists of all files listed in manifest.txt.
+
+
+If you receive only some of these files from someone, complain!
+
+\endpreamble
+\def\batchfile{curve2e.dst}      % ignored in distribution
+\input docstrip.tex           % ignored in distribution
+
+\keepsilent
+
+\Msg{*** Generating package curve2e ***}
+
+\generateFile{curve2e.sty}{t}{\from{curve2e.dtx}{package}}
+
+\endinput