trunk/Master/texmf-dist/metafont

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@604 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

21 files changed, 8109 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/expr.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/expr.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe05a01322f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/expr.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+string s[]; s1="abra";
+path p[]; p1=(0,0)..(3,3); p2=(0,0)..(3,3)..cycle;
+tracingonline:=1; scrollmode;
+forever: message "gimme an expr: "; s0:=readstring;
+show scantokens s0; endfor
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/io.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/io.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..58a8be68db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/io.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+mode_setup;
+ em#:=10pt#; cap#:=7pt#;
+ thin#:=1/3pt#; thick#:=5/6pt#;
+ o#:=1/5pt#;
+define_pixels(em,cap);
+define_blacker_pixels(thin,thick);
+define_corrected_pixels(o);
+ curve_sidebar=round 1/18em;
+beginchar("O",0.8em#,cap#,0); "The letter O";
+ penpos1(thick,10); penpos2(.1[thin,thick],90-10);
+ penpos3(thick,180+10); penpos4(thin,270-10);
+ x1l=w-x3l=curve_sidebar; x2=x4=.5w;
+ y1=.49h; y2l=-o; y3=.51h; y4l=h+o;
+ penstroke z1e{down}..z2e{right}
+            ..z3e{up}..z4e{left}..cycle;
+ penlabels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
+def test_I(expr code,trial_stem,trial_width) =
+ stem#:=trial_stem*pt#; define_blacker_pixels(stem);
+ beginchar(code,trial_width*em#,cap#,0); "The letter I";
+  penpos1(stem,15); penpos2(.9stem,12); penpos3(stem,10);
+  x1=x2=x3=.5w; y1=h; y2=.55h; y3=0; x2l:=1/6[x2l,x2];
+  penstroke z1e..z2e{down}..z3e;
+  penlabels(1,2,3); endchar; enddef;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/mf.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/mf.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5e6afb70a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/mf.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+\input plain
+\input modes
+\dump
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/null.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/null.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9828fbb16f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/null.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+% This is an empty METAFONT source file. Why do you want it? Because if
+% mf says `Please type another input file name:' and if you don't have one
+% in mind, you can just say `null' and METAFONT will get out of its loop.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/plain.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/plain.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a3369afc9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/base/plain.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+% This is the plain METAFONT base that's described in The METAFONTbook.
+% N.B.: Please change "base_version" whenever this file is modified!
+% And don't modify the file unless you change its name:
+%       Everybody's "plain.mf" file should be the same, worldwide.
+
+% Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long
+% as this file is not modified. Modifications are permitted, but only if
+% the resulting file is not named plain.mf.
+
+string base_name, base_version; base_name="plain"; base_version="2.71";
+
+message "Preloading the plain base, version "&base_version&": preliminaries,";
+
+delimiters ();  % this makes parentheses behave like parentheses
+def upto = step 1 until enddef; % syntactic sugar
+def downto = step -1 until enddef;
+def exitunless expr c = exitif not c enddef;
+let relax = \;  % ignore the word `relax', as in TeX
+let \\ = \; % double relaxation is like single
+def ]] = ] ] enddef; % right brackets should be loners
+def -- = {curl 1}..{curl 1} enddef;
+def --- = .. tension infinity .. enddef;
+def ... = .. tension atleast 1 .. enddef;
+
+def gobble primary g = enddef; def killtext text t = enddef;
+primarydef g gobbled gg = enddef;
+def hide(text t) = exitif numeric begingroup t;endgroup; enddef;
+def ??? = hide(interim showstopping:=1; showdependencies) enddef;
+def stop expr s = message s; gobble readstring enddef;
+
+smoothing:=1; autorounding:=2;  % this adjusts curves to the raster
+turningcheck:=2;                % this will warn about a "strange path"
+granularity:=1;                 % this says that pixels are pixels
+
+def interact = % sets up to make "show" commands stop
+ hide(showstopping:=1; tracingonline:=1) enddef;
+
+def loggingall =        % puts tracing info into the log
+ tracingcommands:=3; tracingedges:=2; tracingtitles:=1; tracingequations:=1;
+ tracingcapsules:=1; tracingspecs:=1; tracingpens:=1; tracingchoices:=1;
+ tracingstats:=1; tracingoutput:=1; tracingmacros:=1; tracingrestores:=1;
+ enddef;
+
+def tracingall =        % turns on every form of tracing
+ tracingonline:=1; showstopping:=1; loggingall enddef;
+
+def tracingnone =       % turns off every form of tracing
+ tracingcommands:=0; tracingonline:=0; showstopping:=0;
+ tracingedges:=0; tracingtitles:=0; tracingequations:=0;
+ tracingcapsules:=0; tracingspecs:=0; tracingpens:=0; tracingchoices:=0;
+ tracingstats:=0; tracingoutput:=0; tracingmacros:=0; tracingrestores:=0;
+ enddef;
+
+message " basic constants and mathematical macros,";
+
+% numeric constants
+newinternal eps,epsilon,infinity,_;
+eps := .00049;    % this is a pretty small positive number
+epsilon := 1/256/256;   % but this is the smallest
+infinity := 4095.99998;    % and this is the largest
+_ := -1; % internal constant to make macros unreadable but shorter
+
+% pair constants
+pair right,left,up,down,origin;
+origin=(0,0); up=-down=(0,1); right=-left=(1,0);
+
+% path constants
+path quartercircle,halfcircle,fullcircle,unitsquare;
+quartercircle=(right{up}..(right+up)/sqrt2..up{left}) scaled .5;
+halfcircle=quartercircle & quartercircle rotated 90;
+fullcircle=halfcircle & halfcircle rotated 180 & cycle;
+unitsquare=(0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle;
+
+% transform constants
+transform identity;
+for z=origin,right,up: z transformed identity = z; endfor
+
+% picture constants
+picture blankpicture,unitpixel;
+blankpicture=nullpicture; % `display blankpicture...'
+unitpixel=nullpicture; addto unitpixel contour unitsquare;
+
+% string constants
+string ditto; ditto = char 34; % ASCII double-quote mark
+
+% pen constants
+def capsule_def(suffix s) primary u = def s = u enddef enddef;
+capsule_def(pensquare) makepen(unitsquare shifted -(.5,.5));
+capsule_def(penrazor) makepen((-.5,0)--(.5,0)--cycle);
+pen penspeck; penspeck=pensquare scaled eps;
+
+% nullary operators
+vardef whatever = save ?; ? enddef;
+
+% unary operators
+let abs = length;
+
+vardef round primary u =
+ if numeric u: floor(u+.5)
+ elseif pair u: (hround xpart u, vround ypart u)
+ else: u fi enddef;
+
+vardef hround primary x = floor(x+.5) enddef;
+vardef vround primary y = floor(y.o_+.5)_o_ enddef;
+
+vardef ceiling primary x = -floor(-x) enddef;
+
+vardef byte primary s =
+ if string s: ASCII fi s enddef;
+
+vardef dir primary d = right rotated d enddef;
+
+vardef unitvector primary z = z/abs z enddef;
+
+vardef inverse primary T =
+ transform T_; T_ transformed T = identity; T_ enddef;
+
+vardef counterclockwise primary c =
+ if turningcheck>0:
+  interim autorounding:=0;
+  if turningnumber c <= 0: reverse fi fi c enddef;
+
+vardef tensepath expr r =
+ for k=0 upto length r - 1: point k of r --- endfor
+ if cycle r: cycle else: point infinity of r fi enddef;
+
+% binary operators
+
+primarydef x mod y = (x-y*floor(x/y)) enddef;
+primarydef x div y = floor(x/y) enddef;
+primarydef w dotprod z = (xpart w * xpart z + ypart w * ypart z) enddef;
+
+primarydef x**y = if y=2: x*x else: takepower y of x fi enddef;
+def takepower expr y of x =
+ if x>0: mexp(y*mlog x)
+ elseif (x=0) and (y>0): 0
+ else: 1
+  if y=floor y:
+   if y>=0: for n=1 upto y: *x endfor
+   else: for n=_ downto y: /x endfor
+   fi
+  else: hide(errmessage "Undefined power: " & decimal x&"**"&decimal y)
+  fi fi enddef;
+
+vardef direction expr t of p =
+ postcontrol t of p - precontrol t of p enddef;
+
+vardef directionpoint expr z of p =
+ a_:=directiontime z of p;
+ if a_<0: errmessage("The direction doesn't occur"); fi
+ point a_ of p enddef;
+
+secondarydef p intersectionpoint q =
+ begingroup save x_,y_; (x_,y_)=p intersectiontimes q;
+ if x_<0: errmessage("The paths don't intersect"); origin
+ else: .5[point x_ of p, point y_ of q] fi endgroup
+enddef;
+
+tertiarydef p softjoin q =
+ begingroup c_:=fullcircle scaled 2join_radius shifted point 0 of q;
+ a_:=ypart(c_ intersectiontimes p); b_:=ypart(c_ intersectiontimes q);
+ if a_<0:point 0 of p{direction 0 of p} else: subpath(0,a_) of p fi
+  ... if b_<0:{direction infinity of q}point infinity of q
+   else: subpath(b_,infinity) of q fi endgroup enddef;
+newinternal join_radius,a_,b_; path c_;
+
+% special operators
+vardef incr suffix $ = $:=$+1; $ enddef;
+vardef decr suffix $ = $:=$-1; $ enddef;
+
+def reflectedabout(expr w,z) =    % reflects about the line w..z
+ transformed
+  begingroup transform T_;
+  w transformed T_ = w;  z transformed T_ = z;
+  xxpart T_ = -yypart T_; xypart T_ = yxpart T_; % T_ is a reflection
+  T_ endgroup enddef;
+
+def rotatedaround(expr z, d) =    % rotates d degrees around z
+ shifted -z rotated d shifted z enddef;
+let rotatedabout = rotatedaround;   % for roundabout people
+
+vardef min(expr u)(text t) = % t is a list of numerics, pairs, or strings
+ save u_; setu_ u; for uu = t: if uu<u_: u_:=uu; fi endfor
+ u_ enddef;
+
+vardef max(expr u)(text t) = % t is a list of numerics, pairs, or strings
+ save u_; setu_ u; for uu = t: if uu>u_: u_:=uu; fi endfor
+ u_ enddef;
+
+def setu_ primary u =
+ if pair u: pair u_ elseif string u: string u_ fi;
+ u_=u enddef;
+
+def flex(text t) =           % t is a list of pairs
+ hide(n_:=0; for z=t: z_[incr n_]:=z; endfor
+  dz_:=z_[n_]-z_1)
+ z_1 for k=2 upto n_-1: ...z_[k]{dz_} endfor ...z_[n_] enddef;
+newinternal n_; pair z_[],dz_;
+
+def superellipse(expr r,t,l,b,s)=
+ r{up}...(s[xpart t,xpart r],s[ypart r,ypart t]){t-r}...
+ t{left}...(s[xpart t,xpart l],s[ypart l,ypart t]){l-t}...
+ l{down}...(s[xpart b,xpart l],s[ypart l,ypart b]){b-l}...
+ b{right}...(s[xpart b,xpart r],s[ypart r,ypart b]){r-b}...cycle enddef;
+
+vardef interpath(expr a,p,q) =
+ for t=0 upto length p-1: a[point t of p, point t of q]
+  ..controls a[postcontrol t of p, postcontrol t of q]
+   and a[precontrol t+1 of p, precontrol t+1 of q] .. endfor
+ if cycle p: cycle
+ else: a[point infinity of p, point infinity of q] fi enddef;
+
+vardef solve@#(expr true_x,false_x)= % @#(true_x)=true, @#(false_x)=false
+ tx_:=true_x; fx_:=false_x;
+ forever: x_:=.5[tx_,fx_]; exitif abs(tx_-fx_)<=tolerance;
+ if @#(x_): tx_ else: fx_ fi :=x_; endfor
+ x_ enddef; % now x_ is near where @# changes from true to false
+newinternal tolerance, tx_,fx_,x_; tolerance:=.1;
+
+message " macros for converting from device-independent units to pixels,";
+
+def fix_units = % define the conversion factors, given pixels_per_inch
+ mm:=pixels_per_inch/25.4;      cm:=pixels_per_inch/2.54;
+ pt:=pixels_per_inch/72.27;     pc:=pixels_per_inch/6.0225;
+ dd:=1238/1157pt;               cc:=12dd;
+ bp:=pixels_per_inch/72;        in:=pixels_per_inch;
+ hppp:=pt;                      % horizontal pixels per point
+ vppp:=aspect_ratio*hppp;       % vertical pixels per point
+ enddef;
+
+mm#=2.84528;      pt#=1;        dd#=1.07001;      bp#=1.00375;
+cm#=28.45276;     pc#=12;       cc#=12.84010;     in#=72.27;
+
+newinternal pixels_per_inch;       % the given resolution
+newinternal blacker, o_correction; % device-oriented corrections
+
+def define_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=$.#*hppp; endfor enddef;
+def define_whole_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
+def define_whole_vertical_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
+def define_good_x_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=good.x($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
+def define_good_y_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=good.y($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
+def define_blacker_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=$.#*hppp+blacker; endfor enddef;
+def define_whole_blacker_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp+blacker);
+  if $<=0: $:=1; fi endfor enddef;
+def define_whole_vertical_blacker_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp+blacker);
+  if $<=0: $:=1_o_; fi endfor enddef;
+def define_corrected_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp*o_correction)+eps; endfor enddef;
+def define_horizontal_corrected_pixels(text t) =
+ forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp*o_correction)+eps; endfor enddef;
+
+def lowres_fix(text t) expr ratio =
+ begingroup save min,max,first;
+ forsuffixes $=t: if unknown min: min=max=first=$; min#=max#=$.#;
+  elseif $.#<min#: min:=$; min#:=$.#;
+  elseif $.#>max#: max:=$; max#:=$.#; fi endfor
+ if max/min>ratio*max#/min#: forsuffixes $=t: $:=first; endfor fi
+ endgroup enddef;
+
+message " macros and tables for various modes of operation,";
+
+def mode_setup =
+ warningcheck:=0;
+ if unknown mode: mode=proof; fi
+ numeric aspect_ratio; transform currenttransform;
+ scantokens if string mode:("input "&mode) else: mode_name[mode] fi;
+ if unknown mag: mag=1; fi
+ if unknown aspect_ratio: aspect_ratio=1; fi
+ displaying:=proofing;
+ pixels_per_inch:=pixels_per_inch*mag;
+ if aspect_ratio=1: let o_=\; let _o_=\
+ else: def o_=*aspect_ratio enddef; def _o_=/aspect_ratio enddef fi;
+ fix_units;
+ scantokens extra_setup; % the user's special last-minute adjustments
+ currenttransform:=
+  if unknown currenttransform: identity else: currenttransform fi
+   yscaled aspect_ratio;
+ clearit;
+ pickup pencircle scaled (.4pt+blacker);
+ warningcheck:=1; enddef;
+def smode = string mode; mode enddef;
+string extra_setup, mode_name[];
+extra_setup="";          % usually there's nothing special to do
+newinternal displaying;  % if positive, endchar will `showit'
+
+vardef magstep primary m = mexp(46.67432m) enddef;
+
+def mode_def suffix $ =
+ $:=incr number_of_modes;
+ mode_name[$]:=str$ & "_";
+ expandafter quote def scantokens mode_name[$] enddef;
+newinternal number_of_modes;
+
+% proof mode: for initial design of characters
+mode_def proof =
+ proofing:=2;                   % yes, we're making full proofs
+ fontmaking:=0;                 % no, we're not making a font
+ tracingtitles:=1;              % yes, show titles online
+ pixels_per_inch:=2601.72;      % that's 36 pixels per pt
+ blacker:=0;                    % no additional blackness
+ fillin:=0;                     % no compensation for fillin
+ o_correction:=1;               % no reduction in overshoot
+ enddef;
+
+% smoke mode: for label-free proofs to mount on the wall
+mode_def smoke =
+ proof_;                        % same as proof mode, except:
+ proofing:=1;                   % yes, we're making unlabeled proofs
+ extra_setup:=extra_setup&"grayfont black"; % with solid black pixels
+ let makebox=maketicks;         % make the boxes less obtrusive
+ enddef;
+
+% lowres mode: for certain devices that print 200 pixels per inch
+mode_def lowres =
+ proofing:=0;                   % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;                 % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;              % no, don't show titles at all
+ pixels_per_inch:=200;          % that's the meaning of lowres
+ blacker:=.65;                  % make pens a bit blacker
+ fillin:=.2;                    % compensate for diagonal fillin
+ o_correction:=.4;              % but don't overshoot as much
+ enddef;
+
+localfont:=lowres;      % the mode most commonly used to make fonts
+
+% It is customary to input another file to supplement the PLAIN base.
+% This supplementary file adds analogous modes, corresponding to
+% local output devices, and it redefines `localfont' as appropriate.
+% The values of screen_rows and screen_cols should also be updated.
+% The auxiliary file should set base_version:=base_version&"/localname".
+% Remember that the present file PLAIN.MF should not be changed;
+% all local changes should be confined to a separate file.
+
+message " macros for drawing and filling,";
+
+pen currentpen;
+path currentpen_path;
+picture currentpicture;
+transform currenttransform;
+def t_ = transformed currenttransform enddef;
+
+def fill expr c = addto_currentpicture contour c.t_ enddef;
+def addto_currentpicture = addto currentpicture enddef;
+def draw expr p =
+ addto_currentpicture doublepath p.t_ withpen currentpen enddef;
+def filldraw expr c = fill counterclockwise c withpen currentpen enddef;
+def drawdot expr z = if unknown currentpen_path: def_pen_path_ fi
+ addto_currentpicture contour
+  currentpen_path shifted (z.t_) withpen penspeck enddef;
+def def_pen_path_ =
+ hide(currentpen_path=tensepath makepath currentpen) enddef;
+
+def unfill expr c = fill c withweight _ enddef;
+def undraw expr p = draw p withweight _ enddef;
+def unfilldraw expr c = filldraw c withweight _ enddef;
+def undrawdot expr z = drawdot z withweight _ enddef;
+def erase text t = begingroup interim default_wt_:=_;
+ cullit; t withweight _; cullit; endgroup enddef;
+newinternal default_wt_; default_wt_:=1;
+
+def cutdraw expr p = % caution: you may need autorounding=0
+ cutoff(point 0 of p, 180+angle direction 0 of p);
+ cutoff(point infinity of p, angle direction infinity of p);
+ culldraw p enddef;
+def culldraw expr p = addto pic_ doublepath p.t_ withpen currentpen;
+ cull pic_ dropping(-infinity,0) withweight default_wt_;
+ addto_currentpicture also pic_; pic_:=nullpicture; killtext enddef;
+vardef cutoff(expr z,theta) =
+ interim autorounding := 0; interim smoothing := 0;
+ addto pic_ doublepath z.t_ withpen currentpen;
+ addto pic_ contour
+  (cut_ scaled (1+max(-pen_lft,pen_rt,pen_top,-pen_bot))
+   rotated theta shifted z)t_;
+ cull pic_ keeping (2,2) withweight -default_wt_;
+ addto currentpicture also pic_;
+ pic_:=nullpicture enddef;
+picture pic_; pic_:=nullpicture;
+path cut_; cut_ = ((0,_)--(1,_)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle) scaled 1.42;
+
+def pickup secondary q =
+ if numeric q: numeric_pickup_ else: pen_pickup_ fi q enddef;
+def numeric_pickup_ primary q =
+ if unknown pen_[q]: errmessage "Unknown pen"; clearpen
+ else: currentpen:=pen_[q];
+  pen_lft:=pen_lft_[q];
+  pen_rt:=pen_rt_[q];
+  pen_top:=pen_top_[q];
+  pen_bot:=pen_bot_[q];
+  currentpen_path:=pen_path_[q] fi; enddef;
+def pen_pickup_ primary q =
+  currentpen:=q yscaled aspect_ratio;
+  pen_lft:=xpart penoffset down of currentpen;
+  pen_rt:=xpart penoffset up of currentpen;
+  pen_top:=(ypart penoffset left of currentpen)_o_;
+  pen_bot:=(ypart penoffset right of currentpen)_o_;
+  path currentpen_path; enddef;
+newinternal pen_lft,pen_rt,pen_top,pen_bot,pen_count_;
+
+vardef savepen = pen_[incr pen_count_]=currentpen;
+ pen_lft_[pen_count_]=pen_lft;
+ pen_rt_[pen_count_]=pen_rt;
+ pen_top_[pen_count_]=pen_top;
+ pen_bot_[pen_count_]=pen_bot;
+ pen_path_[pen_count_]=currentpen_path;
+ pen_count_ enddef;
+
+def clearpen = currentpen:=nullpen;
+ pen_lft:=pen_rt:=pen_top:=pen_bot:=0;
+ path currentpen_path;
+ enddef;
+def clear_pen_memory =
+ pen_count_:=0;
+ numeric pen_lft_[],pen_rt_[],pen_top_[],pen_bot_[];
+ pen currentpen,pen_[];
+ path currentpen_path, pen_path_[];
+ enddef;
+
+vardef lft primary x = x + if pair x: (pen_lft,0) else: pen_lft fi enddef;
+vardef rt primary x = x + if pair x: (pen_rt,0) else: pen_rt fi enddef;
+vardef top primary y = y + if pair y: (0,pen_top) else: pen_top fi enddef;
+vardef bot primary y = y + if pair y: (0,pen_bot) else: pen_bot fi enddef;
+vardef good.x primary x = hround(x+pen_lft)-pen_lft enddef;
+vardef good.y primary y = vround(y+pen_top)-pen_top enddef;
+vardef good.lft primary z = save z_; pair z_;
+  (z_+(pen_lft,0))t_=round((z+(pen_lft,0))t_); z_ enddef;
+vardef good.rt primary z = save z_; pair z_;
+  (z_+(pen_rt,0))t_=round((z+(pen_rt,0))t_); z_ enddef;
+vardef good.top primary z = save z_; pair z_;
+  (z_+(0,pen_top))t_=round((z+(0,pen_top))t_); z_ enddef;
+vardef good.bot primary z = save z_; pair z_;
+  (z_+(0,pen_bot))t_=round((z+(0,pen_bot))t_); z_ enddef;
+
+vardef penpos@#(expr b,d) =
+ (x@#r-x@#l,y@#r-y@#l)=(b,0) rotated d;
+ x@#=.5(x@#l+x@#r); y@#=.5(y@#l+y@#r) enddef;
+
+def penstroke text t =
+ forsuffixes e = l,r: path_.e:=t; endfor
+ if cycle path_.l: cyclestroke_
+ else: fill path_.l -- reverse path_.r -- cycle fi enddef;
+def cyclestroke_ =
+ begingroup interim turningcheck:=0;
+ addto pic_ contour path_.l.t_ withweight 1;
+ addto pic_ contour path_.r.t_ withweight _;
+ cull pic_ dropping origin withweight default_wt_;
+ addto_currentpicture also pic_;
+ pic_:=nullpicture endgroup enddef;
+path path_.l,path_.r;
+
+message " macros for proof labels and rules,";
+
+vardef makelabel@#(expr s,z) = % puts string s at point z
+ if known z: special lcode_@# & s;
+  numspecial xpart(z.t_); numspecial ypart(z.t_) fi enddef;
+string lcode_,lcode_.top,lcode_.lft,lcode_.rt,lcode_.bot,
+  lcode_.top.nodot,lcode_.lft.nodot,lcode_.rt.nodot,lcode_.bot.nodot;
+lcode_.top=" 1"; lcode_.lft=" 2"; lcode_.rt=" 3"; lcode_.bot=" 4";
+lcode_=" 0"; % change to " /" to avoid listing in overflow column
+lcode_.top.nodot=" 5"; lcode_.lft.nodot=" 6";
+lcode_.rt.nodot=" 7"; lcode_.bot.nodot=" 8";
+
+vardef labels@#(text t) =
+ if proofing>1: forsuffixes $=t:
+  makelabel@#(str$,z$); endfor
+ fi enddef;
+vardef penlabels@#(text t) =
+ if proofing>1: forsuffixes $$=l,,r: forsuffixes $=t:
+  makelabel@#(str$.$$,z$.$$); endfor endfor
+ fi enddef;
+
+def range expr x = numtok[x] enddef;
+def numtok suffix x=x enddef;
+tertiarydef m thru n =
+ m for x=m+1 step 1 until n: , numtok[x] endfor enddef;
+
+def proofrule(expr w,z) =
+ special "rule"; numspecial xpart w; numspecial ypart w;
+ numspecial xpart z; numspecial ypart z enddef;
+def screenrule(expr w,z) =
+ addto currentpicture doublepath w--z withpen rulepen enddef;
+pen rulepen; rulepen = pensquare scaled 2;
+
+def makegrid(text xlist,ylist) =
+ xmin_ := min(xlist); xmax_ := max(xlist);
+ ymin_ := min(ylist); ymax_ := max(ylist);
+ for x=xlist: proofrule((x,ymin_), (x,ymax_)); endfor
+ for y=ylist: proofrule((xmin_,y), (xmax_,y)); endfor
+ enddef;
+
+vardef titlefont suffix $ = special "titlefont "&str$ enddef;
+vardef labelfont suffix $ = special "labelfont "&str$ enddef;
+vardef grayfont suffix $ = special "grayfont "&str$ enddef;
+vardef slantfont suffix $ = special "slantfont "&str$ enddef;
+def proofoffset primary z = % shifts proof output by z
+ special "offset"; numspecial xpart z; numspecial ypart z enddef;
+vardef proofrulethickness expr x =
+ special "rulethickness"; numspecial x enddef;
+
+message " macros for character and font administration,";
+
+def beginchar(expr c,w_sharp,h_sharp,d_sharp) =
+ begingroup
+ charcode:=if known c: byte c else: 0 fi;
+ charwd:=w_sharp;      charht:=h_sharp;       chardp:=d_sharp;
+ w:=hround(charwd*hppp); h:=vround(charht*hppp); d:=vround(chardp*hppp);
+ charic:=0; clearxy; clearit; clearpen; scantokens extra_beginchar;
+ enddef;
+
+def italcorr expr x_sharp = if x_sharp>0: charic:=x_sharp fi enddef;
+
+def change_width =
+ w:=w if w>charwd*hppp:- else:+ fi 1 enddef;
+
+def endchar =
+ scantokens extra_endchar;
+ if proofing>0: makebox(proofrule); fi
+ chardx:=w;     % desired width of the character in pixels
+ shipit;
+ if displaying>0: makebox(screenrule); showit; fi
+ endgroup enddef;
+
+string extra_beginchar, extra_endchar;
+extra_beginchar=extra_endchar="";
+
+def makebox(text r) =
+ for y=0,h.o_,-d.o_: r((0,y),(w,y)); endfor % horizontals
+ for x=0,w:   r((x,-d.o_),(x,h.o_)); endfor % verticals
+ if charic<>0: r((w+charic*hppp,h.o_),(w+charic*hppp,.5h.o_)); fi
+ enddef;
+
+def maketicks(text r) =
+ for y=0,h.o_,-d.o_: r((0,y),(10,y)); r((w-10,y),(w,y)); endfor
+ for x=0,w: r((x,10-d.o_),(x,-d.o_)); r((x,h.o_-10),(x,h.o_)); endfor
+ if charic<>0: r((w+charic*hppp,h.o_-10),(w+charic*hppp,h.o_)); fi
+ enddef;
+
+def font_size expr x = designsize:=x enddef;
+def font_slant expr x = fontdimen 1: x enddef;
+def font_normal_space expr x = fontdimen 2: x enddef;
+def font_normal_stretch expr x = fontdimen 3: x enddef;
+def font_normal_shrink expr x = fontdimen 4: x enddef;
+def font_x_height expr x = fontdimen 5: x enddef;
+def font_quad expr x = fontdimen 6: x enddef;
+def font_extra_space expr x = fontdimen 7: x enddef;
+
+def font_identifier expr x = font_identifier_:=x enddef;
+def font_coding_scheme expr x = font_coding_scheme_:=x enddef;
+string font_identifier_, font_coding_scheme_;
+font_identifier_=font_coding_scheme_="UNSPECIFIED";
+
+message "and a few last-minute items.";
+
+vardef z@#=(x@#,y@#) enddef;
+
+newinternal screen_rows, screen_cols, currentwindow;
+screen_rows:=400;     % these values should be corrected,
+screen_cols:=500;     % by reading in a separate file after PLAIN.MF
+
+def openit = openwindow currentwindow
+ from origin to (screen_rows,screen_cols) at (-50,300) enddef;
+def showit = openit; let showit=showit_; showit enddef; % first time only
+def showit_ = display currentpicture inwindow currentwindow enddef;
+
+def clearxy = save x,y enddef;
+def clearit = currentpicture:=nullpicture enddef;
+def shipit = shipout currentpicture enddef;
+def cullit = cull currentpicture dropping (-infinity,0) enddef;
+
+def screenchars =     % endchar should `showit'
+ extra_endchar:=extra_endchar&"showit;" enddef;
+def screenstrokes =   % every stroke should `showit'
+ def addto_currentpicture text t=
+  addto currentpicture t; showit enddef; enddef;
+def imagerules =      % a box should be part of the character image
+ extra_beginchar:=extra_beginchar & "makebox(screenrule);" enddef;
+def gfcorners =       % `maketicks' should send rules to the GF file
+ extra_setup:=extra_setup & "let makebox=maketicks;proofing:=1;" enddef;
+def nodisplays =      % endchar shouldn't `showit'
+ extra_setup:=extra_setup & "displaying:=0;" enddef;
+def notransforms =    % currenttransform should not be used
+ let t_ = \ enddef;
+
+let bye = end; outer end,bye;
+
+clear_pen_memory;     % initialize the `savepen' mechanism
+mode_setup;           % establish proof mode as the default
+numeric mode,mag;     % but leave mode and mag undefined
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/config/cmmf.ini b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/config/cmmf.ini
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e697dd1627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/config/cmmf.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
+\input plain
+\input modes
+\input cmbase
+\dump
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/config/mf.ini b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/config/mf.ini
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8496d4c8b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/config/mf.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
+\input plain
+\input modes
+\dump
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/feynmf/feynmf.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/feynmf/feynmf.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef6ade4fe69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/feynmf/feynmf.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,1981 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `feynmf.mf',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% feynmf.dtx  (with options: `base')
+%% 
+%% Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1992-1995 by Thorsten.Ohl@Physik.TH-Darmstadt.de
+%% 
+%% This file is NOT the source for feynmf, because almost all comments
+%% have been stripped from it.  It is NOT the preferred form of feynmf
+%% for making modifications to it.
+%% 
+%% Therefore you can NOT redistribute and/or modify THIS file.  You can
+%% however redistribute the complete source (feynmf.dtx and feynmf.ins)
+%% and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+%% published by  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+%% your option) any later version.
+%% 
+%% As a special exception, you can redistribute parts of this file for
+%% the electronic distribution of scientific papers, provided that you
+%% include a short note pointing to the complete source.
+%% 
+%% Feynmf is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+%% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+%% GNU General Public License for more details.
+%% 
+%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+%% along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+%% Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+%% 
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% \CheckSum{924}
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+def subgraph (expr x, y, wd, ht) =
+  begingroup
+    save c, ne, nw, sw, se;
+    pair c, ne, nw, sw, se;
+    sw = (x,y);
+    se = sw + (wd,0);
+    nw = sw + (0,ht);
+    ne = sw + (wd,ht);
+    c = .5[sw,ne];
+enddef;
+def endsubgraph =
+  endgroup
+enddef;
+if known cmbase:
+  errhelp
+    "feynmf will only work with plain Metafont, as described in the book.";
+  errmessage "feynmf: CMBASE detected.  Please use the PLAIN base.";
+  forever:
+    errmessage "No use in trying!  You'd better eXit now ...";
+    errorstopmode;
+  endfor
+fi
+vardef parse_RCS (suffix RCS) (expr s) =
+  save n, c;
+  numeric n, RCS[];
+  string c;
+  RCS[0] := 0;
+  for n = 1 upto length (s):
+    c := substring (n-1,n) of s;
+    exitif ((RCS[0] > 0) and (c = " "));
+    if ((c = "0") or (c = "1") or (c = "2")
+        or (c = "3") or (c = "4") or (c = "5")
+        or (c = "6") or (c = "7") or (c = "8")
+        or (c = "9")):
+      if RCS[0] = 0:
+        RCS[0] := 1;
+        RCS[RCS[0]] := 0;
+      fi
+      RCS[RCS[0]] := 10 * RCS[RCS[0]] + scantokens (c);
+    elseif c = ".":
+      RCS[0] := RCS[0] + 1;
+      RCS[RCS[0]] := 0;
+    else:
+    fi
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef require_RCS_revision expr s =
+  save n, TeX_rev, mf_rev;
+  numeric n;
+  parse_RCS (TeX_rev, s);
+  parse_RCS (mf_rev, "$Revision: 1.30 $");
+  for n = 1 upto min (2, TeX_rev[0], mf_rev[0]):
+    if TeX_rev[n] > mf_rev[n]:
+      errhelp
+        "Your version of `feynmf.sty' is higher that of your `feynmf.mf'.";
+      errmessage "feynmf: Metafont macros out of date";
+    elseif TeX_rev[n] < mf_rev[n]:
+      errhelp
+        "Your version of `feynmf.mf' is higher that of your `feynmf.sty'.";
+      errmessage "feynmf: LaTeX style out of date";
+    fi
+    exitif (TeX_rev[n] <> mf_rev[n]);
+  endfor
+enddef;
+mode_setup;
+boolean feynmfwizard;
+feynmfwizard := false;
+thin# := 1pt#; % dimension of the lines
+thick# := 2thin#;
+arrow_len# := 4mm#;
+arrow_ang := 15;
+curly_len# := 3mm#;
+dash_len# := 3mm#; % 'photon' lines
+dot_len# := 2mm#; % 'photon' lines
+wiggly_len# := 4mm#; % 'photon' lines
+wiggly_slope := 60;
+zigzag_len# := 2mm#;
+zigzag_width# := 2thick#;
+decor_size# := 5mm#;
+dot_size# := 2thick#;
+define_blacker_pixels (thick, thin,
+  dash_len, dot_len, wiggly_len, curly_len,
+  zigzag_len, zigzag_width, arrow_len, decor_size, dot_size);
+def shrink expr s =
+  begingroup
+  if shrinkables <> "":
+    save tmp_;
+    forsuffixes $ = scantokens shrinkables:
+      if known $.#:
+        tmp_ := $.#;
+        save $;
+        $.# := s * tmp_;
+        define_blacker_pixels ($);
+      else:
+        tmp_ := $;
+        save $;
+        $ := s * tmp_;
+      fi
+    endfor
+  fi
+enddef;
+def endshrink =
+  endgroup
+enddef;
+string shrinkables;
+shrinkables := "";
+vardef addto_shrinkables (text l) =
+  forsuffixes $ = l:
+    shrinkables := shrinkables & "," & str $;
+  endfor
+enddef;
+shrinkables := "thick,thin";
+addto_shrinkables (dash_len, dot_len);
+addto_shrinkables (wiggly_len, curly_len);
+addto_shrinkables (zigzag_len, zigzag_width);
+addto_shrinkables (arrow_len);
+addto_shrinkables (decor_size, dot_size);
+LaTeX_unitlength := mm;
+vardef count (text list) =
+  forsuffixes $ = list: + 1 endfor
+enddef;
+vardef getopt (suffix opt) (expr s) =
+  save n, argp, escape, anchor, skip;
+  numeric opt.first, opt.last, n, anchor;
+  string opt[], opt[]arg;
+  boolean opt[]tainted, argp, escape, skip;
+  opt.first := 0;
+  opt.last := 0;
+  opt[opt.last] := "";
+  argp := false;
+  escape := false;
+  anchor := 0;
+  skip := true;
+  for n = 1 upto length (s):
+    if skip and (substring (n-1, n) of s = " "):
+      anchor := anchor + 1;
+    else:
+      skip := false;
+      if not escape and (substring (n-1, n) of s = ","):
+        if substring (n, n+1) of s = ",":
+          escape := true;
+          opt[opt.last]tainted := true;
+        else:
+          if argp:
+            opt[opt.last]arg := substring (anchor, n-1) of s;
+          else:
+            opt[opt.last] := substring (anchor, n-1) of s;
+          fi
+          anchor := n;
+          argp := false;
+          skip := true;
+          opt.last := opt.last + 1;
+        fi
+      elseif not argp and (substring (n-1, n) of s = "="):
+        opt[opt.last] := substring (anchor, n-1) of s;
+        anchor := n;
+        argp := true;
+        skip := true;
+      elseif argp or (substring (n-1, n) of s <> " "):
+        escape := false;
+      fi
+    fi
+  endfor
+  if argp:
+    opt[opt.last]arg := substring (anchor, length s) of s;
+  else:
+    opt[opt.last] := substring (anchor, length s) of s;
+  fi
+  for n = opt.first upto opt.last:
+    if known opt[n]tainted:
+      if opt[n]tainted:
+        opt[n]arg := untaint_string opt[n]arg;
+      fi
+    fi
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef untaint_string suffix s =
+  save n, anchor;
+  numeric n, anchor;
+  anchor := 0;
+  for n = 1 upto length (s) - 1:
+    if substring (n-1,n+1) of s = ",,":
+      substring (anchor, n-1) of s &
+      hide (anchor := n)
+    fi
+  endfor
+  substring (anchor, length s) of s
+enddef;
+vardef split_string (suffix comp) (expr s) =
+  save n, anchor;
+  numeric comp.first, comp.last, n, anchor;
+  string comp[];
+  comp.first := 0;
+  comp.last := 0;
+  comp[comp.last] := "";
+  anchor := 0;
+  for n = 1 upto length (s):
+    if substring (n-1,n) of s = ".":
+      comp[comp.last] := substring (anchor, n-1) of s;
+      comp.last := comp.last + 1;
+      anchor := n;
+    fi
+  endfor
+  comp[comp.last] := substring (anchor, length s) of s;
+enddef;
+vardef match_prefix (expr prefix, s) =
+  (prefix = substring (0, length prefix) of s)
+enddef;
+vardef match_option (expr s, option) =
+  save sc, optionc, n, i;
+  numeric sc.first, sc.last, optionc.first, optionc.last;
+  string sc[], optionc[];
+  numeric n, i;
+  split_string (sc, s);
+  split_string (optionc, option);
+  n := sc.last - sc.first;
+  if n <> (optionc.last - optionc.first):
+    false
+  else:
+    true
+    for i = 0 upto n:
+      and match_prefix (sc[sc.first+i],
+                        optionc[optionc.first+i])
+    endfor
+  fi
+enddef;
+def save_picture text t =
+ save t; picture t; forsuffixes p=t: p:=nullpicture; endfor
+enddef;
+def begin_sketch =
+ begingroup save_picture currentpicture;
+ sketchlevel := sketchlevel+1;
+enddef;
+def end_sketch =
+ sketchlevel := sketchlevel-1;
+ sketchpad[sketchlevel] := currentpicture;
+ endgroup
+enddef;
+picture sketchpad[];
+sketchlevel := 1;
+vardef use_sketch text t =
+ addto currentpicture also (sketchpad[sketchlevel] t)
+enddef;
+vardef cdraw expr p =
+ draw p
+enddef;
+vardef cfill expr p =
+ fill p
+enddef;
+vardef cfilldraw expr p =
+ filldraw p
+enddef;
+vardef ccutdraw expr p =
+ interim autorounding := 0;
+ cutdraw p
+enddef;
+vardef cdrawdot expr p =
+ drawdot p
+enddef;
+vardef isdigit expr s =
+  save n;
+  (s = "0")
+  for n = 1 upto 9:
+    or (s = decimal n)
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef digits_index (expr s, start) =
+  save n, m, from, to;
+  for n = start upto (length s)-1:
+    if isdigit (substring (n,n+1) of s):
+      from := n;
+      for m = n upto length s:
+        if not isdigit (substring (m,m+1) of s):
+          to := m;
+        fi
+        exitif known to;
+      endfor
+    fi
+    exitif known from;
+  endfor
+  (from, if known to: to else: infinity fi)
+enddef;
+vardef digits_to_brackets suffix suf =
+  save s, idx;
+  string s;
+  pair idx;
+  s = str suf;
+  idx = (0,0);
+  forever:
+    idx := digits_index (s, xpart idx);
+    exitif unknown xpart idx;
+    s := substring (0,xpart idx) of s
+      & "[]" & substring (ypart idx,infinity) of s;
+  endfor
+  s
+enddef;
+tile_grain := 1in/300;
+vardef def_tile (suffix t) (expr wd, ht) =
+  if not picture tlist.t:
+    picture tlist.scantokens (digits_to_brackets t);
+  fi
+  tlist.t := nullpicture;
+  tlist.t.dx := max (floor wd, 1);
+  tlist.t.dy := max (floor ht, 1);
+enddef;
+vardef use_tile (suffix t) (expr x, y, wd, ht) =
+    if (picture tlist.t):
+      for nx = 0 upto wd/tlist.t.dx:
+        for ny = 0 upto ht/tlist.t.dy:
+          addto currentpicture
+            also (tlist.t shifted
+                  ((x,y) + (nx*tlist.t.dx, ny*tlist.t.dy)) t_);
+        endfor
+      endfor
+    else:
+      errhelp "feynmf: your tiling has not been defined, "
+            & "check spelling and reprocess!";
+      errmessage "feynmf: tiling `" & str t & "' not known, "
+               & "replaced by `shaded'";
+      use_tile (shaded, x, y, wd, ht);
+    fi
+enddef;
+vardef shade_rectangle (expr dd, x, y, wd, ht) =
+  save d, u, dx, dy, currentpen;
+  pen currentpen;
+  pickup pencircle scaled thin;
+  d := max (floor (abs dd), 1);
+  dx := max (wd, ht);
+  dy := max (wd, ht);
+  for u = 0 step d/dx until 1:
+    if dd > 0:
+      cdraw (x-d,y+u*dy-d)--(x+(1-u)*dx+d,y+dy+d);
+      cdraw (x+u*dx-d,y-d)--(x+dx+d,y+(1-u)*dy+d);
+    else:
+      cdraw (x-d,y+u*dy+d)--(x+u*dx+d,y-d);
+      cdraw (x+(1-u)*dx-d,y+dy+d)--(x+dx+d,y+(1-u)*dy-d);
+    fi
+  endfor
+enddef;
+def addto_tile (suffix t) =
+  addto tlist.t
+enddef;
+vardef tile_from_string (suffix t) (expr str) =
+  tile_grain := max (floor tile_grain, 1);
+  save grain, mx, x, y, n, c, pic;
+  string c;
+  picture pic;
+  pic := nullpicture;
+  grain := tile_grain;
+  mx := 0;
+  x := 0;
+  y := 0;
+  for n := 1 upto length str:
+    c := substring (n-1,n) of str;
+    if c = "/":
+      mx := max (mx, x);
+      y := y+1;
+      x := 0;
+    elseif c = "*":
+      addto pic also (unitpixel shifted (x,-y) t_);
+      x := x+1;
+    elseif c = ".":
+      x := x+1;
+    fi
+  endfor
+  def_tile (t, grain*mx, grain*(y+1));
+  addto_tile (t) also (pic shifted (0,y) scaled grain t_);
+  pic := nullpicture;
+enddef;
+tile_from_string (gray10,
+  "  ...  /"&
+  "  .*.  /"&
+  "  ...  ");
+tile_from_string (gray25,
+  "  ..  /"&
+  "  *.  ");
+tile_from_string (gray50,
+  "  .*  /"&
+  "  *.  ");
+tile_from_string (gray75,
+  "  **  /"&
+  "  .*  ");
+tile_from_string (gray90,
+  "  ***  /"&
+  "  *.*  /"&
+  "  ***  ");
+def_tile (shaded, 4thin, 4thin);
+pickup pencircle scaled thin;
+begin_sketch
+  save dx, dy;
+  (dx,dy) = (tlist.shaded.dx,tlist.shaded.dy);
+  shade_rectangle (dx, 0, 0, dx, dy);
+  cullit;
+  fill unitsquare xscaled dx yscaled dy;
+  cull currentpicture keeping (2,infinity);
+  tlist.shaded := currentpicture;
+end_sketch;
+def_tile (hatched, 5thin, 5thin);
+begin_sketch
+  save dx, dy;
+  (dx,dy) = (tlist.hatched.dx,tlist.hatched.dy);
+  shade_rectangle (dx, 0, 0, dx, dy);
+  shade_rectangle (-dx, 0, 0, dx, dy);
+  cullit;
+  fill unitsquare xscaled dx yscaled dy;
+  cull currentpicture keeping (2,infinity);
+  tlist.hatched := currentpicture;
+end_sketch;
+vardef make_halftone (suffix t) (expr g, wd, ht) =
+  tile_grain := max (floor tile_grain, 1);
+  if (halftone_cache_g <> g)
+     or (halftone_cache_grain <> tile_grain)
+     or (halftone_cache_wd <> wd)
+     or (halftone_cache_ht <> ht):
+    halftone_cache_g := g;
+    halftone_cache_grain := tile_grain;
+    halftone_cache_wd := wd;
+    halftone_cache_ht := ht;
+    grain := tile_grain;
+    def_tile (t, grain*wd, grain*ht);
+    if g <= 0:
+      addto_tile (t) contour unitsquare xscaled wd yscaled ht scaled grain t_;
+    elseif g < 1:
+      save period, offset, b, w;
+      period := max (1/g, 1/(1-g));
+      offset := wd - (period * ceiling (wd/period)) mod wd;
+      b := 0;
+      w := 0;
+      randomseed := halftone_randomseed;
+      for y = 0 upto ht-1:
+        for x = 0 upto wd-1:
+          if w > g*(b+w):
+            addto_tile (t) also (unitpixel
+              shifted (floor (x + y*offset + 2*uniformdeviate period)
+                       mod wd, y)
+              scaled grain t_);
+            b := b+1;
+          else:
+            w := w+1;
+          fi;
+        endfor
+      endfor
+      cull tlist.t keeping (1,infinity);
+    fi
+  fi
+enddef;
+halftone_cache_g := -1;
+halftone_cache_grain := -1;
+halftone_cache_wd := -1;
+halftone_cache_ht := -1;
+halftone_randomseed := 137;
+vardef tile (suffix t) (expr p) =
+  save u, x, y, max_x, min_x, max_y, min_y, xx, yy;
+  -max_x = -max_y = min_x = min_y = infinity;
+  for u = 0 step 0.1 until length p:
+    x := xpart (point u of p);
+    y := ypart (point u of p);
+    max_x := max(max_x, x);
+    max_y := max(max_y, y);
+    min_x := min(min_x, x);
+    min_y := min(min_y, y);
+  endfor
+  cullit withweight 2;
+  use_tile (t, min_x, min_y, max_x-min_x, max_y-min_y);
+  fill p;
+  cull currentpicture keeping (2,infinity)
+enddef;
+vardef drawtile (suffix t) (expr p) =
+  tile (t, p);
+  cdraw p
+enddef;
+vardef use_halftone (expr g, x, y, wd, ht) =
+  make_halftone (__tmp_tile__, g, 50, 50);
+  use_tile (__tmp_tile__, x, y, wd, ht)
+enddef;
+vardef halftone (expr g, p) =
+  make_halftone (__tmp_tile__, g, 50, 50);
+  tile (__tmp_tile__, p)
+enddef;
+vardef drawhalftone (expr g, p) =
+  halftone (g, p);
+  cdraw p
+enddef;
+vardef shade expr p =
+  tile (shaded, p)
+enddef;
+vardef hatch expr p =
+  tile (hatched, p)
+enddef;
+vardef emptydraw expr p =
+  cullit;
+  unfill p;
+  cullit;
+  cdraw p;
+enddef;
+vardef shadedraw expr p =
+  cullit;
+  unfill p;
+  cullit;
+  shade p;
+  cdraw p;
+enddef;
+vardef hatchdraw expr p =
+  cullit;
+  unfill p;
+  cullit;
+  hatch p;
+  cdraw p;
+enddef;
+vardef marrow (expr p, frac) =
+  save a, t, z;
+  pair z;
+  a = angle direction frac*length(p) of p;
+  z = point frac*length(p) of p;
+  (t1,whatever) = p intersectiontimes
+    (halfcircle scaled 2/3arrow_len rotated (a+90) shifted z);
+  (t2,whatever) = p intersectiontimes
+    (halfcircle scaled 4/3arrow_len rotated (a-90) shifted z);
+  arrow_head (p, t1, t2, arrow_ang)
+enddef;
+vardef tarrow (expr p, frac) =
+  save a, t, z;
+  pair z;
+  t1 = frac*length p;
+  a = angle direction t1 of p;
+  z = point t1 of p;
+  (t2,whatever) = p intersectiontimes
+    (halfcircle scaled 2arrow_len rotated (a-90) shifted z);
+  arrow_head (p, t1, t2, arrow_ang)
+enddef;
+vardef harrow (expr p, frac) =
+  save a, t, z;
+  pair z;
+  t2 = frac*length p;
+  a = angle direction t2 of p;
+  z = point t2 of p;
+  (t1,whatever) = p intersectiontimes
+     (halfcircle scaled 2arrow_len rotated (a+90) shifted z);
+  arrow_head (p, t1, t2, arrow_ang)
+enddef;
+vardef arrow_head (expr p, from, to, ang) =
+  save tip, ap, t;
+  pair tip;
+  path ap;
+  t1 := from;
+  t2 := to;
+  if t1 = -1: t1 := 0; fi
+  if t2 = -1: t2 := infinity; fi
+  tip = point t2 of p;
+  ap = subpath (t1,t2) of p shifted -tip;
+  (ap rotated ang
+    forced_join reverse ap rotated -ang
+    -- cycle) shifted tip
+enddef;
+vardef arrow expr p =
+  marrow (p, .5)
+enddef;
+tertiarydef p forced_join q =
+  subpath (0, length p - 1) of p
+  & point (length p - 1) of p
+    .. controls postcontrol (length p - 1) of p
+                and precontrol infinity of p
+  .. .5[point infinity of p, point 0 of q]
+    .. controls postcontrol 0 of q and precontrol 1 of q
+    .. point 1 of q
+  & subpath (1, infinity) of q
+enddef;
+vardef cut_decors (suffix from) (expr p) (suffix to) =
+ subpath (if known from.decor.shape:
+            xpart (p intersectiontimes
+                     (from.decor.shape scaled from.decor.size
+                                       shifted from.loc))
+          else:
+            0
+          fi,
+          if known to.decor.shape:
+            length p
+              - xpart (reverse p intersectiontimes
+                        (to.decor.shape scaled to.decor.size
+                                        shifted to.loc))
+          else:
+             infinity
+          fi) of p
+enddef;
+vardef make_blob (expr z_arg, diameter) =
+ save p,currentpen; path p; pen currentpen;
+ pickup pencircle scaled thick;
+ p = fullcircle scaled diameter shifted z_arg;
+ shadedraw p;
+enddef;
+vardef draw_blob (expr z_arg, diameter) =
+ if sketched_blob_diameter <> diameter: % drawn lately?
+  begin_sketch make_blob (origin, diameter); end_sketch; % redo hard work!
+  sketched_blob_diameter:= diameter;  % record it
+ fi
+ use_sketch shifted z_arg; % the easy way ...
+enddef;
+def force_new_blob = sketched_blob_diameter := -1; enddef;
+force_new_blob;                                 % initialize it.
+vardef pixlen (expr p, n) =
+  for k=1 upto length(p): + segment_pixlen (subpath (k-1,k) of p, n) endfor
+enddef;
+vardef segment_pixlen (expr p, n) =
+  for k=1 upto n: + abs (point k/n of p - point (k-1)/n of p) endfor
+enddef;
+vardef wiggly expr p_arg =
+ save wpp;
+ numeric wpp;
+ wpp = ceiling (pixlen (p_arg, 10) / wiggly_len) / length p_arg;
+ for k=0 upto wpp*length(p_arg) - 1:
+  point k/wpp of p_arg
+       {direction k/wpp of p_arg rotated wiggly_slope} ..
+  point (k+.5)/wpp of p_arg
+       {direction (k+.5)/wpp of p_arg rotated - wiggly_slope} ..
+ endfor
+ if cycle p_arg: cycle else: point infinity of p_arg fi
+enddef;
+vardef curly expr p =
+ save cpp;
+ numeric cpp;
+ cpp := ceiling (pixlen (p, 10) / curly_len) / length p;
+ if cycle p:
+   for k=0 upto cpp*length(p) - 1:
+     point (k+.33)/cpp of p
+           {direction (k+.33)/cpp of p rotated 90} ..
+     point (k-.33)/cpp of p
+           {direction (k-.33)/cpp of p rotated -90} ..
+   endfor
+   cycle
+ else:
+   point 0 of p
+         {direction 0 of p rotated -90} ..
+   for k=1 upto cpp*length(p) - 1:
+     point (k+.33)/cpp of p
+           {direction (k+.33)/cpp of p rotated 90} ..
+     point (k-.33)/cpp of p
+           {direction (k-.33)/cpp of p rotated -90} ..
+   endfor
+   point infinity of p
+         {direction infinity of p rotated 90}
+ fi
+enddef;
+vardef zigzag expr p =
+ save zpp;
+ numeric zpp;
+ zpp = ceiling (pixlen (p, 10) / zigzag_len) / length p;
+ if not cycle p:
+   point 0 of p --
+ fi
+ for k = 0 upto zpp*length(p) - 1:
+   point (k+1/3)/zpp of p shifted
+     (zigzag_width
+      * dir angle (direction (k+1/3)/zpp of p rotated 90)) --
+   point (k+2/3)/zpp of p shifted
+     (zigzag_width
+      * dir angle (direction (k+2/3)/zpp of p rotated -90)) --
+ endfor
+ if cycle p:
+   cycle
+ else:
+   point infinity of p
+ fi
+enddef;
+save vsty_hash;
+def style_def suffix s =
+  vsty_hash.s := 1;
+  expandafter quote vardef scantokens ("draw_" & str s)
+enddef;
+vardef vsty_exists suffix s =
+  known vsty_hash.s
+enddef;
+vardef valid_style expr s =
+  expandafter vsty_exists scantokens (s)
+enddef;
+style_def phantom expr p =
+  \
+enddef;
+style_def phantom_arrow expr p =
+  cfill (arrow p);
+enddef;
+style_def plain expr p =
+  cdraw p;
+enddef;
+style_def plain_arrow expr p =
+  cdraw p;
+  cfill (arrow p);
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_plain expr p =
+  draw_double p;
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_plain_arrow expr p =
+  draw_double_arrow p;
+enddef;
+style_def wiggly expr p =
+  cdraw (wiggly p);
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_wiggly expr p =
+  draw_double (wiggly p);
+enddef;
+style_def curly expr p =
+  cdraw (curly p);
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_curly expr p =
+  draw_double (curly p);
+enddef;
+style_def zigzag expr p =
+  cdraw (zigzag p);
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_zigzag expr p =
+  draw_double (zigzag p);
+enddef;
+style_def dashes expr p =
+ save dpp;
+ numeric dpp;
+ dpp = ceiling (pixlen (p, 10) / dash_len) / length p;
+ for k=0 upto dpp*length(p) - 1:
+  cdraw point k/dpp of p ..
+   point (k+.5)/dpp of p;
+ endfor
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_dashes expr p =
+ save dpp;
+ numeric dpp;
+ dpp = ceiling (pixlen (p, 10) / dash_len) / length p;
+ for k=0 upto dpp*length(p) - 1:
+  draw_double point k/dpp of p ..
+   point (k+.5)/dpp of p;
+ endfor
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_dashes_arrow expr p =
+  draw_dbl_dashes p;
+  shrink (1.5);
+    cfill (arrow p);
+  endshrink;
+enddef;
+style_def dashes_arrow expr p =
+  draw_dashes p;
+  cfill (arrow p);
+enddef;
+style_def dots expr p =
+ save dpp;
+ numeric dpp;
+ dpp = ceiling (pixlen (p, 10) / dot_len) / length p;
+ for k=0 upto dpp*length(p):
+   cdrawdot point k/dpp of p;
+ endfor
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_dots expr p =
+  save dpp;
+  numeric dpp;
+  dpp = ceiling (pixlen (p, 10) / dot_len) / length p;
+  begingroup
+    save oldpen;
+    pen oldpen;
+    oldpen := currentpen;
+    pickup oldpen scaled 3; % draw a thick linn
+    for k=0 upto dpp*length(p):
+      cdrawdot point k/dpp of p;
+    endfor
+    pickup oldpen;
+    cullit;
+    for k=0 upto dpp*length(p):
+      undrawdot point k/dpp of p;
+    endfor
+    cullit; % and remove the stuffing
+  endgroup;
+enddef;
+style_def dbl_dots_arrow expr p =
+  draw_dbl_dots p;
+  shrink (1.5);
+    cfill (arrow p);
+  endshrink;
+enddef;
+style_def dots_arrow expr p =
+  draw_dots p;
+  cfill (arrow p);
+enddef;
+style_def double expr p =
+  save oldpen;
+  pen oldpen;
+  oldpen := currentpen;
+  pickup oldpen scaled 3;
+  ccutdraw p;
+  pickup oldpen;
+  cullit; undraw p; cullit;
+enddef;
+style_def double_arrow expr p =
+  draw_double p;
+  shrink (1.5);
+    cfill (arrow p);
+  endshrink;
+enddef;
+style_def vanilla expr p = draw_plain p enddef;
+style_def fermion expr p = draw_plain_arrow p enddef;
+style_def quark expr p = draw_plain_arrow p enddef;
+style_def electron expr p = draw_plain_arrow p enddef;
+style_def photon expr p = draw_wiggly p enddef;
+style_def boson expr p = draw_wiggly p enddef;
+style_def gluon expr p = draw_curly p enddef;
+style_def heavy expr p = draw_dbl_plain_arrow p enddef;
+style_def ghost expr p = draw_dots_arrow p enddef;
+style_def scalar expr p = draw_dashes_arrow p enddef;
+vardef fermion expr path_arg =
+  cfill (arrow (path_arg));
+  path_arg
+enddef;
+vardef photon expr path_arg =
+  wiggly path_arg
+enddef;
+vardef gluon expr path_arg =
+  curly path_arg
+enddef;
+tracingstats:=1;
+boolean vtracing;
+vtracing := false; % true
+def vinit =
+  save vhash;
+  numeric vlist.first, vlist.last;
+  vlist.first := 1;
+  vlist.last := 0;
+  pair vlist[]loc;
+  numeric vlist[]decor.size, vlist[]decor.ang,
+    vlist[]arc.first, vlist[]arc.last,
+    vlist[]arc[], vlist[]arc[]lsr,
+    vlist[]arc[]tns, vlist[]arc[]lbl.dist,
+    vlist[]arc[]tag, vlist[]arc[]wd, vlist[]arc[]rub,
+    vlist[]constr.first, vlist[]constr.last,
+    vlist[]constr[], lambdax[][], lambday[][];
+  string vlist[]name, vlist[]lbl, vlist[]decor.sty,
+    vlist[]arc[]sty, vlist[]arc[]lbl, vlist[]arc[]lbl.side;
+  numeric vlist[]lbl.ang;
+  path vlist[]decor.shape;
+  numeric plist.first, plist.last, plist[]cnt, plist[]vtx[],
+   plist[]pull, plist[]lbl.ang, plist[]lbl.dist;
+  string plist[]lbl, plist[]sty, plist[]cona, plist[]conb;
+  plist.first := 1;
+  plist.last := 0;
+  numeric vlist[]poly.first, vlist[]poly.last,
+    vlist[]poly[], vlist[]poly[]idx;
+  pair lambdap[][];
+enddef;
+def vertices =
+  vlist.first upto vlist.last
+enddef;
+def varcs (text i) =
+  vlist[i]arc.first upto vlist[i]arc.last
+enddef;
+def vconstr (text i) =
+  vlist[i]constr.first upto vlist[i]constr.last
+enddef;
+def polygons =
+  plist.first upto plist.last
+enddef;
+def vpoly (text i) =
+  vlist[i]poly.first upto vlist[i]poly.last
+enddef;
+vardef venter suffix v =
+  if not vexists v:
+    vlist.last := vlist.last + 1;
+    vhash.v := vlist.last;
+    vlist[vhash.v]name := str v;
+    vlist[vhash.v]loc := (whatever,whatever);
+    vlist[vhash.v]arc.first := 1;
+    vlist[vhash.v]arc.last := 0;
+    vlist[vhash.v]constr.first := 1;
+    vlist[vhash.v]constr.last := 0;
+    vlist[vhash.v]lbl := "";
+    vlist[vhash.v]lbl.ang := whatever;
+    vlist[vhash.v]lbl.dist := 3thick;
+    vlist[vhash.v]poly.first := 1;
+    vlist[vhash.v]poly.last := 0;
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vexists suffix v =
+  if known vhash.v: true else: false fi
+enddef;
+vardef vlookup suffix v =
+  if vexists v: vhash.v else: 0 fi
+enddef;
+vardef vloc suffix v =
+  vlist[vlookup v]loc
+enddef;
+vardef vconnect (expr linesty) (text vl) =
+  save from, nfrom, nto, nopt, sty;
+  numeric from, nfrom, nto, nopt;
+  string sty;
+  getopt (opt, linesty);
+  sty := opt[opt.first];
+  if known opt[opt.first]arg:
+    message "feynmf: line styles don't take arguments.  "
+             & "Argument `" & opt[opt.first]arg & "' ignored.";
+  fi
+  opt.first := opt.first + 1;
+  forsuffixes to = vl:
+    venter to;
+    nto := vlookup to;
+    if known nfrom:
+      vlist[nfrom]arc.last := vlist[nfrom]arc.last + 1;
+      vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last] := nto;
+      vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]tns := 1;
+      if nfrom <> nto:
+        vlist[nto]arc.last := vlist[nto]arc.last + 1;
+        vlist[nto]arc[vlist[nto]arc.last] := nfrom;
+        vlist[nto]arc[vlist[nto]arc.last]tns := 1;
+      fi
+      vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lbl := "";
+      vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lbl.side := "";
+      vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lbl.dist := 3thick;
+      for nopt = opt.first upto opt.last:
+        if match_option (opt[nopt], "tension"):
+          get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                        vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]tns);
+          get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                        vlist[nto]arc[vlist[nto]arc.last]tns);
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "left"):
+          if known opt[nopt]arg:
+            vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lsr
+              := - scantokens (opt[nopt]arg);
+          else:
+            vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lsr := -1;
+          fi
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "straight"):
+          vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lsr := 0;
+          ignore_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "right"):
+          if known opt[nopt]arg:
+            vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lsr
+              := scantokens (opt[nopt]arg);
+          else:
+            vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lsr := 1;
+          fi
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label"):
+          get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg,
+                        vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lbl);
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label.side"):
+          get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg,
+                        vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lbl.side);
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label.dist"):
+          get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                        vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lbl.dist);
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "tag"):
+          if known opt[nopt]arg:
+            vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]tag
+              := scantokens (opt[nopt]arg);
+          else:
+            vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]tag := 0;
+          fi
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "width"):
+          get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                        vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]wd);
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "foreground")
+           or  match_option (opt[nopt], "background"):
+          message "feynmf: color available with MetaPost only!";
+        elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "rubout"):
+          if known opt[nopt]arg:
+             vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]rub
+               := scantokens (opt[nopt]arg);
+          else:
+             vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]rub := 2;
+          fi
+        else:
+          ignore_option (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+        fi
+      endfor
+      handle_line_style (vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]sty, sty);
+      vlist[nto]arc[vlist[nto]arc.last]lsr
+        := vlist[nfrom]arc[vlist[nfrom]arc.last]lsr;
+    fi
+    nfrom := nto;
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef handle_line_style (suffix sty) (expr name) =
+  if valid_style name:
+    sty := name;
+  else:
+    errhelp "feynmf: your linestyle is not recognizable, "
+          & "check spelling and reprocess!";
+    errmessage "feynmf: line style `" & name & "' not known, "
+             & "replaced by `vanilla'";
+    sty := "vanilla";
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef get_argument (expr opt, arg) (suffix variable) =
+  if known arg:
+    variable := arg;
+  else:
+    message "feynmf: option `" & opt & "' needs an argument.  Ignored.";
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef ignore_argument (expr opt, arg) =
+  if known arg:
+    message "feynmf: option `" & opt & "' doesn't take an argument.  "
+          & "Argument `" & arg & "' ignored.";
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef ignore_option (expr opt, arg)=
+  if known arg:
+    message "feynmf: ignoring option " & opt & "=" & arg & ".";
+  else:
+    message "feynmf: ignoring option " & opt & ".";
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vconnectn (expr linesty) (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vconnect (linesty, vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vpath@# (suffix from, to) =
+  save nfrom, nto, origin, index, unknown_path;
+  numeric nfrom, nto, origin, index;
+  path unknown_path;
+  if (known vloc from) and (known vloc to):
+    nfrom := vlookup from;
+    nto := vlookup to;
+    vmatch_path (nfrom, nto, maybe_empty@#);
+    if (unknown origin) or (unknown index):
+      vmatch_path (nto, nfrom, maybe_empty@#);
+    fi
+  fi
+  if (known origin) and (known index):
+    vbuild_cut_arc (origin, index)
+  else:
+    unknown_path
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef maybe_empty@# =
+  save _prefix;
+  _prefix=137;
+  if known _prefix@#:
+    whatever
+  else:
+    @#
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vmatch_path (expr nfrom, nto, t) =
+  save i;
+  for i = varcs (nfrom):
+    if (vlist[nfrom]arc[i] = nto) and (known vlist[nfrom]arc[i]sty):
+      if unknown t:
+        origin := nfrom;
+        index := i;
+      else:
+        if known vlist[nfrom]arc[i]tag:
+          if vlist[nfrom]arc[i]tag = t:
+            origin := nfrom;
+            index := i;
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vcyclen (expr sty) (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  for $ = 1 upto n - 1:
+    vconnect (sty, v[$], v[$+1]);
+  endfor
+  vconnect (sty, v[n], v[1]);
+enddef;
+vardef vrcyclen (expr sty) (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vconnect (sty, v[1], v[n]);
+  for $ = n downto 2:
+    vconnect (sty, v[$], v[$-1]);
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vforce (expr z) (suffix v) =
+  venter v;
+  vlist[vlookup v]loc := z;
+enddef;
+vardef vshift (expr z) (text vl) =
+  forsuffixes $=vl:
+    if vexists $:
+      vlist[vlookup $]loc := vlist[vlookup $]loc + z;
+    fi
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vconstraint (expr z) (text vl) =
+  save nfrom, nto;
+  numeric nfrom, nto;
+  forsuffixes to = vl:
+    venter to;
+    nto := vlookup to;
+    if known nfrom:
+      vlist[nfrom]constr.last := vlist[nfrom]constr.last + 1;
+      vlist[nto]constr.last := vlist[nto]constr.last + 1;
+      vlist[nfrom]constr[vlist[nfrom]constr.last] := nto;
+      vlist[nto]constr[vlist[nto]constr.last] := nfrom;
+      vlist[nto]loc = vlist[nfrom]loc + z;
+    fi
+    nfrom := nto;
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vpolygon (expr psty) (suffix v) (text vl) =
+  save nopt, csty, nfrom, nfrom_, nto, i, n, j;
+  numeric nopt, nfrom, nfrom_, nto, i, n, j;
+  string csty;
+  n := count (vl) + 1;
+  plist.last := plist.last + 1;
+  plist[plist.last]cnt := n;
+  plist[plist.last]lbl := "";
+  plist[plist.last]lbl.ang := whatever;
+  plist[plist.last]lbl.dist := 0;
+  csty := "phantom";
+  getopt (opt, psty);
+  for nopt = opt.first upto opt.last:
+    if match_option (opt[nopt], "filled"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg, plist[plist.last]sty);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "tension"):
+      if known opt[nopt]arg:
+        csty := csty & ",tension=" & opt[nopt]arg;
+      else:
+        message "feynmf: option `tension' needs an argument.  Ignored.";
+      fi
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg, plist[plist.last]lbl);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label.angle"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                               plist[plist.last]lbl.ang);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label.dist"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                               plist[plist.last]lbl.dist);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "pull"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg),
+                               plist[plist.last]pull);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "cona"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg, plist[plist.last]cona);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "conb"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg, plist[plist.last]conb);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "smooth"):
+      plist[plist.last]cona := "..";
+      plist[plist.last]conb := "..";
+      ignore_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "foreground")
+       or  match_option (opt[nopt], "background"):
+      message "feynmf: color available with MetaPost only!";
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "phantom"):
+      plist[plist.last]sty := "phantom";
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "empty"):
+      plist[plist.last]sty := "empty";
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "full"):
+      plist[plist.last]sty := "full";
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "hatched"):
+      plist[plist.last]sty := "hatched";
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "shaded"):
+      plist[plist.last]sty := "shaded";
+    else:
+      ignore_option (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+  fi
+  endfor
+  canonicalize_filling plist[plist.last]sty;
+  vconnect (csty, v, vl, v);
+  i := 1;
+  forsuffixes to = v, vl, v:
+    nto := vlookup to;
+    if known nfrom:
+      if known nfrom_:
+        vlist[nto]loc = vlist[nfrom]loc
+          + (vlist[nfrom]loc - vlist[nfrom_]loc) rotated (360/n);
+      fi
+      vlist[nto]poly.last := vlist[nto]poly.last + 1;
+      vlist[nto]poly[vlist[nto]poly.last] := plist.last;
+      vlist[nto]poly[vlist[nto]poly.last]idx := i;
+      plist[plist.last]vtx[i] := nto;
+      i := i + 1;
+      nfrom_ := nfrom;
+    fi
+    nfrom := nto;
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef canonicalize_filling suffix f =
+  if known f:
+    if is_a_number (f):
+      if scantokens f <= 1:
+        f :=
+        if scantokens f = 1:
+          "full"
+        elseif scantokens f > 0:
+          "shaded"
+        elseif scantokens f = 0:
+          "empty"
+        else:
+          "hatched"
+        fi;
+      fi
+    fi
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vpolygonn (expr sty) (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vpolygon (sty, v[1], for $=2 upto n-1: v[$], endfor v[n]);
+enddef;
+vardef vrpolygonn (expr sty) (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vpolygon (sty, v[n], for $=n-1 downto 2: v[$], endfor v[1]);
+enddef;
+vardef vlabel (expr s) (suffix v) =
+  venter v;
+  vlist[vlookup v]lbl := s;
+enddef;
+vardef vvertex (expr vtxsty) (text vl) =
+  save nopt, sty, arg;
+  numeric nopt, arg;
+  string sty;
+  getopt (opt, vtxsty);
+  forsuffixes v = vl:
+    venter v;
+    n := vlookup v;
+    for nopt = opt.first upto opt.last:
+      handle_vertex_option (vlist[n], opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+    endfor
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef handle_vertex_option (suffix v) (expr opt, arg) =
+  if match_option (opt, "label"):
+    get_argument (opt, arg, v.lbl);
+  elseif match_option (opt, "label.angle"):
+    get_argument (opt, scantokens (arg), v.lbl.ang);
+  elseif match_option (opt, "label.dist"):
+    get_argument (opt, scantokens (arg), v.lbl.dist);
+  elseif match_option (opt, "decoration.shape"):
+    if known arg:
+      make_decor_shape (v.decor.shape, arg);
+    else:
+      message "feynmf: option `decor.shape' needs an argument.  Ignored.";
+    fi
+  elseif match_option (opt, "decoration.filled"):
+    get_argument (opt, arg, v.decor.sty);
+    canonicalize_filling v.decor.sty;
+  elseif match_option (opt, "decoration.size"):
+    get_argument (opt, scantokens (arg), v.decor.size);
+  elseif match_option (opt, "decoration.angle"):
+    get_argument (opt, scantokens (arg), v.decor.ang);
+  elseif match_option (opt, "foreground")
+     or  match_option (opt, "background"):
+    message "feynmf: color available with MetaPost only!";
+  else:
+    ignore_option (opt, arg);
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef make_decor_shape (suffix p) (expr n) =
+  if match_prefix (n, "circle"): p := fullcircle;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "square"):
+    p := unitsquare shifted -(.5,.5);
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "cross"): p := polycross 4;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "triangle"): p := polygon 3;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "triagon"): p := polygon 3;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "diamond"): p := polygon 4;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "tetragon"): p := polygon 4;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "pentagon"): p := polygon 5;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "hexagon"): p := polygon 6;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "triagram"): p := polygram 3;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "tetragram"): p := polygram 4;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "pentagram"): p := polygram 5;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "hexagram"): p := polygram 6;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "triacross"): p := polycross 3;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "tetracross"): p := polycross 4;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "pentacross"): p := polycross 5;
+  elseif match_prefix (n, "hexacross"): p := polycross 6;
+  else:
+    if feynmfwizard:
+      p := scantokens(n);
+    else:
+      message "feynmf: invalid argument `" & n
+            & "' to option `decor.shape'.  Ignored.";
+    fi
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef is_a_number expr s =
+  save n;
+  if known s:
+    (true
+     for n = 1 upto length s:
+       and ((substring (n-1,n) of s = ".")
+            or (substring (n-1,n) of s = "-")
+            or isdigit substring (n-1,n) of s)
+      endfor)
+  else:
+    false
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vvertexn (expr vtxsty) (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vvertex (vtxsty, vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vblob (expr bd) (text vl)=
+  forsuffixes $=vl:
+    if not vexists $: venter $; fi
+    vlist[vlookup $]decor.shape := fullcircle;
+    vlist[vlookup $]decor.size := bd;
+    vlist[vlookup $]decor.sty := "shaded";
+ endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vdot (text vl)=
+  forsuffixes $=vl:
+    if not vexists $: venter $; fi
+    vlist[vlookup $]decor.shape := fullcircle;
+    vlist[vlookup $]decor.size := dot_size;
+    vlist[vlookup $]decor.sty := "full";
+ endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vdotn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vdot (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vblobn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vblob (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef curved_left_gallery = .9[se,sw] .. .5[sw,nw] .. .1[nw,ne] enddef;
+vardef curved_right_gallery = .9[sw,se] .. .5[se,ne] .. .1[ne,nw] enddef;
+vardef curved_bottom_gallery = .9[nw,sw] .. .5[sw,se] .. .1[se,ne] enddef;
+vardef curved_top_gallery = .9[sw,nw] .. .5[nw,ne] .. .1[ne,se] enddef;
+vardef curved_surround_gallery =
+  superellipse (.5[se,ne], .5[ne,nw], .5[nw,sw], .5[sw,se], .75)
+enddef;
+vardef straight_left_gallery = sw -- nw enddef;
+vardef straight_right_gallery = se -- ne enddef;
+vardef straight_bottom_gallery = sw -- se enddef;
+vardef straight_top_gallery = nw -- ne enddef;
+vardef straight_surround_gallery =
+   .5[se,ne] -- ne -- .5[ne,nw] -- nw
+     -- .5[nw,sw] -- sw -- .5[sw,se] -- se -- cycle
+enddef;
+vardef curved_galleries =
+  vardef left_gallery = curved_left_gallery enddef;
+  vardef right_gallery = curved_right_gallery enddef;
+  vardef bottom_gallery = curved_bottom_gallery enddef;
+  vardef top_gallery = curved_top_gallery enddef;
+  vardef surround_gallery = curved_surround_gallery enddef;
+enddef;
+vardef straight_galleries =
+  vardef left_gallery = straight_left_gallery enddef;
+  vardef right_gallery = straight_right_gallery enddef;
+  vardef bottom_gallery = straight_bottom_gallery enddef;
+  vardef top_gallery = straight_top_gallery enddef;
+  vardef surround_gallery = straight_surround_gallery enddef;
+enddef;
+vardef vleft (text vl) = vdistribute (left_gallery, vl) enddef;
+vardef vright (text vl) = vdistribute (right_gallery, vl) enddef;
+vardef vbottom (text vl) = vdistribute (bottom_gallery, vl) enddef;
+vardef vtop (text vl) = vdistribute (top_gallery, vl) enddef;
+vardef vsurround (text vl) = vdistribute (surround_gallery, vl) enddef;
+curved_galleries;
+vardef vdistribute (expr p) (text vl) =
+  save numv, len, off;
+  numeric numv, len, off;
+  numv = count (vl);
+  if cycle p: numv := numv + 1; fi
+  len := length (p);
+  if numv = 1:
+    vforce (point len/2 of p, vl);
+  else:
+    off := 0;
+    forsuffixes $ = vl:
+      vforce (point off of p, $);
+      off := off + len/(numv-1);
+    endfor
+  fi
+enddef;
+def vmklist (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  for $ = 1 upto n-1: v[$], endfor v[n]
+enddef;
+vardef vleftn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vleft (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vrightn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vright (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vbottomn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vbottom (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vtopn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vtop (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vsurroundn (suffix v) (expr n) =
+  vsurround (vmklist (v, n));
+enddef;
+vardef vfreeze =
+  for i = vertices:
+    if unknown vlist[i]loc:
+      origin = origin
+      for j = varcs (i):
+        + vlist[i]arc[j]tns * (vlist[i]loc - vlist[vlist[i]arc[j]]loc)
+      endfor
+      for j = vconstr (i):
+        if i < vlist[i]constr[j]:
+          + lambda (i, vlist[i]constr[j])
+        elseif i > vlist[i]constr[j]:
+          - lambda (vlist[i]constr[j], i)
+        fi
+      endfor
+      for j = vpoly (i):
+        + lambdapoly (vlist[i]poly[j], plist[vlist[i]poly[j]]cnt,
+                      vlist[i]poly[j]idx)
+      endfor;
+    fi
+  endfor
+  if vtracing: vdump; fi
+enddef;
+vardef lambda (expr i, j) =
+  (if known (xpart(vlist[i]loc - vlist[j]loc)):
+     lambdax[i][j]
+   else:
+     0
+   fi,
+   if known (ypart(vlist[i]loc - vlist[j]loc)):
+     lambday[i][j]
+   else:
+     0
+   fi)
+enddef;
+vardef lambdapoly (expr p, n, i) =
+  origin
+  if i = 1:
+    + lambdap[p][2] rotated (-360/n)
+  elseif i = 2:
+    - lambdap[p][1]
+  fi
+  if i = n - 1:
+    - lambdap[p][n] rotated (-360/n)
+  elseif i = n:
+    + lambdap[p][n-1]
+  fi
+  if (i > 1) and (i < n):
+    + lambdap[p][i-1] + lambdap[p][i+1] rotated (-360/n)
+    - lambdap[p][i] - lambdap[p][i] rotated (-360/n)
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef idraw (expr linesty, p) =
+  save nopt, sty, lbl, wd, rub;
+  numeric nopt, lbl.dist, wd, rub;
+  string sty, lbl, lbl.side;
+  getopt (opt, linesty);
+  sty := opt[opt.first];
+  if known opt[opt.first]arg:
+    message "feynmf: line styles don't take arguments.  "
+             & "Argument `" & opt[opt.first]arg & "' ignored.";
+  fi
+  opt.first := opt.first + 1;
+  lbl := "";
+  lbl.side := "";
+  lbl.dist := 3thick;
+  for nopt = opt.first upto opt.last:
+    if match_option (opt[nopt], "label"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg, lbl);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label.side"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg, lbl.side);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "label.dist"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg), lbl.dist);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "width"):
+      get_argument (opt[nopt], scantokens (opt[nopt]arg), wd);
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "foreground")
+       or  match_option (opt[nopt], "background"):
+      message "feynmf: color available with MetaPost only!";
+    elseif match_option (opt[nopt], "rubout"):
+      if known opt[nopt]arg:
+         rub := scantokens (opt[nopt]arg);
+      else:
+         rub := 2;
+      fi
+    else:
+      ignore_option (opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+    fi
+  endfor
+  handle_line_style (sty, sty);
+  begingroup
+    vdraw_arc_rubout (rub, sty, wd, p, lbl);
+  endgroup;
+enddef;
+vardef ivertex (expr vtxsty, pos) =
+  save nopt, v;
+  numeric nopt, v.lbl.ang, v.lbl.dist,
+    v.decor.size, v.decor.ang;
+  pair v.loc;
+  string v.lbl, v.decor.sty;
+  path v.decor.shape;
+  v.loc := pos;
+  v.lbl := "";
+  v.lbl.ang := whatever;
+  v.lbl.dist := 3thick;
+  v.decor.size := decor_size;
+  getopt (opt, vtxsty);
+  for nopt = opt.first upto opt.last:
+    handle_vertex_option (v, opt[nopt], opt[nopt]arg);
+  endfor
+  vdraw_label (v.loc, v.lbl);
+  vdraw_vertex v;
+enddef;
+vardef vdraw =
+  if not feynmfwizard:
+    vcheck_typos;
+  fi
+  for i = vertices:
+    if not known vlist[i]loc:
+      errhelp "Your graph specification was not complete (probably a "
+            & "lone vertex).            Check logic and reprocess!";
+      errmessage "feynmf: vertex `" & vlist[i]name & "' not determined, "
+               & "replaced by `(0,0)'.";
+      vlist[i]loc := origin;
+    fi
+    if unknown vlist[i]decor.size:
+      vlist[i]decor.size = decor_size;
+    fi
+  endfor
+  for i = vertices:
+    for j = varcs (i):
+      if known vlist[i]arc[j]sty:
+        if vlist[i]arc[j]sty <> "":
+          if unknown vlist[i]arc[j]rub:
+            begingroup
+              vdraw_arc (vlist[i]arc[j]sty, vlist[i]arc[j]wd,
+                         vbuild_cut_arc (i, j), vlist[i]arc[j]lbl);
+              vlist[i]arc[j]sty := "";
+            endgroup;
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+    endfor;
+  endfor
+  for i = polygons:
+    vdraw_label (pcenter plist[i], plist[i]lbl);
+    vdraw_polygon plist[i];
+  endfor
+  for i = vertices:
+    vdraw_label (vlist[i]loc, vlist[i]lbl);
+    vdraw_vertex vlist[i];
+  endfor
+  for i = vertices:
+    for j = varcs (i):
+      if known vlist[i]arc[j]sty:
+        if vlist[i]arc[j]sty <> "":
+          if known vlist[i]arc[j]rub:
+            begingroup
+              vdraw_arc_rubout (vlist[i]arc[j]rub,
+                                vlist[i]arc[j]sty,
+                                vlist[i]arc[j]wd,
+                                vbuild_cut_arc (i, j),
+                                vlist[i]arc[j]lbl);
+              vlist[i]arc[j]sty := "";
+            endgroup;
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+    endfor;
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vcheck_typos =
+  save j, err;
+  boolean wrn;
+  wrn := false;
+  for i = vertices:
+    save connections;
+    connections = vlist[i]arc.last - vlist[i]arc.first + 1;
+    if connections < 1:
+      if unknown vlist[i]loc:
+        message "feynmf: warning: disconnected and unspecified vertex `"
+              & substring (2,infinity) of vlist[i]name
+              & "'.";
+        wrn := true;
+      fi
+    elseif connections = 1:
+      j := vlist[i]arc[vlist[i]arc.last];
+      if j < i:
+        if vlist[i]loc = vlist[j]loc:
+          message "feynmf: warning: dangling vertex `"
+                & substring (2,infinity) of vlist[i]name
+                & "' colliding with `"
+                & substring (2,infinity) of vlist[j]name
+                & "'.";
+        wrn := true;
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+  endfor
+  if wrn:
+    message "feynmf: Have you seen the warning messages above?";
+    message "        They are usually caused by misspelling a vertex'";
+    message "        name and can trigger errors further below!";
+    message "        Fix the typos and run LaTeX and Metafont again.";
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vbuild_arc (expr lsr, from, to) =
+  if unknown lsr:
+    from -- to
+  else:
+    if lsr = 0:
+      from -- to
+    else:
+      from
+        .. (1-lsr)/2 *(to rotatedabout (.5[from,to], 90))
+           + (1+lsr)/2 * (to rotatedabout (.5[from,to], -90))
+        .. to
+    fi
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vbuild_cut_arc (expr origin, index) =
+  cut_decors (vlist[origin],
+              if vlist[origin]arc[index] <> origin:
+                vbuild_arc (vlist[origin]arc[index]lsr,
+                            vlist[origin]loc,
+                            vlist[vlist[origin]arc[index]]loc)
+              else:
+                vbuild_tadpole (origin, index)
+              fi,
+              vlist[vlist[origin]arc[index]])
+enddef;
+vardef vbuild_tadpole (expr origin, index) =
+  save j, n, nn, nnn, aidx, aang, agap, bgap, ngap, distsum;
+  n := 0;
+  distsum := 0;
+  for j = varcs (origin):
+    if vlist[origin]arc[j] <> origin:
+      ang := angle direction 0 of
+        vbuild_arc (vlist[origin]arc[j]lsr,
+                    vlist[origin]loc,
+                    vlist[vlist[origin]arc[j]]loc);
+      n := n + 1;
+      distsum := distsum
+        + abs (vlist[vlist[origin]arc[j]]loc - vlist[origin]loc);
+      aang[n] := 360;
+      for nn = 1 upto n:
+        if ang < aang[nn]:
+          for nnn = n - 1 downto nn:
+            aang[nnn+1] := aang[nnn];
+            aidx[nnn+1] := aidx[nnn];
+          endfor
+          aang[nn] := ang;
+          aidx[nn] := n;
+        fi
+        exitif known aidx[n];
+      endfor
+    fi
+  endfor
+  aidx[n+1] := aidx[1];
+  aang[n+1] := aang[1] + 360;
+  for nn = 1 upto n:
+    agap[nn] = aang[nn+1] - aang[nn];
+  endfor
+  if known vlist[origin]arc[index]lsr:
+    ngap := n;
+    for nn = 1 upto n:
+      if (aang[nn] < vlist[origin]arc[index]lsr)
+         and (vlist[origin]arc[index]lsr < aang[nn+1]):
+        ngap := nn;
+      fi
+    endfor
+  else:
+    bgap := 0;
+    for nn = 1 upto n:
+      if agap[nn] > bgap:
+        bgap :=  agap[nn];
+        ngap := nn;
+      fi
+    endfor
+  fi
+  if vtracing: adump (n + 1); fi
+  vlist[origin]loc{dir(aang[ngap]+agap[ngap]/4)}
+    ... vlist[origin]loc + 2/3 * distsum/n
+                            / vlist[origin]arc[index]tns
+                            * dir(aang[ngap]+agap[ngap]/2)
+    ... {-dir(aang[ngap+1]-agap[ngap]/4)}vlist[origin]loc
+enddef;
+vardef adump expr n =
+  save i;
+  for i = 1 upto n:
+    message "aidx[" & decimal_ (i) & "]=" & decimal_ (aidx[i])
+            & ", aang[" & decimal_ (i) & "]=" & decimal_ (aang[i])
+            & ", agap[" & decimal_ (i) & "]=" & decimal_ (agap[i]);
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef vdraw_arc (expr sty, wd, arc) (suffix lbl) =
+  if known wd:
+    save currentpen;
+    pen currentpen;
+    pickup pencircle scaled wd;
+  fi
+  scantokens ("draw_" & sty) (arc);
+  vdraw_arc_label (arc, lbl);
+enddef;
+let plain_draw = draw;
+vardef vdraw_arc_rubout (expr rub, sty, wd, arc) (suffix lbl) =
+  if known rub:
+    begingroup
+      def draw expr p =
+        save oldpen; pen oldpen;
+        oldpen := currentpen;
+        save currentpen; pen currentpen;
+        pickup oldpen scaled rub;
+        erase plain_draw (subpath (.1,.9)*length(p) of p)
+      enddef;
+      vdraw_arc (sty, wd, arc, lbl);
+      let draw = plain_draw;
+    endgroup;
+  fi
+  vdraw_arc (sty, wd, arc, lbl);
+enddef;
+vardef vbuild_polygon suffix p =
+  if known p.pull:
+    save c; pair c;
+    c := pcenter p;
+    for i = 1 upto (p.cnt - 1):
+      vbuild_polygon_section (p, i, i+1)
+    endfor
+    vbuild_polygon_section (p, p.cnt, 1)
+  else:
+    for i = 1 upto p.cnt:
+      vlist[p.vtx[i]]loc
+        if known p.cona: scantokens (p.cona) else: -- fi
+    endfor
+  fi
+  cycle
+enddef;
+def vbuild_polygon_section (suffix p) (expr from, to) =
+  vlist[p.vtx[from]]loc
+    if known p.cona: scantokens (p.cona) else: -- fi
+  p.pull[c,.5[vlist[p.vtx[from]]loc,vlist[p.vtx[to]]loc]]
+    if known p.conb: scantokens (p.conb) else: -- fi
+enddef;
+vardef pcenter suffix p =
+ (origin for i = 1 upto p.cnt:
+           + vlist[p.vtx[i]]loc
+         endfor) / p.cnt
+enddef;
+vardef vdraw_arc_label (expr arc) (suffix lbl) =
+  if lbl <> "":
+    save _a, _z, _zz, _r;
+    numeric _a;
+    pair _z, _zz, _r;
+    _z := point .5 length (arc) of arc;
+    if lbl.dist = 0:
+      LaTeX_text (_z, whatever, lbl);
+    else:
+      _r := direction .5 length (arc) of arc rotated - 90;
+      if lbl.side = "left":
+        _a := angle (-_r);
+      elseif lbl.side = "right":
+        _a := angle (_r);
+      else:
+        _zz = _z - .5[point 0 of arc, point infinity of arc];
+        if ((_zz if length (_zz) >  0: / length (_zz) fi)
+            dotprod _r) >= 0:
+          _a := angle (_r);
+        else:
+          _a := angle (-_r);
+        fi
+      fi
+      LaTeX_text (_z + lbl.dist * dir _a, _a, lbl);
+    fi
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vdraw_label (expr loc) (suffix lbl) =
+  if lbl <> "":
+    save a;
+    numeric a;
+    if lbl.dist = 0:
+      LaTeX_text (loc, whatever, lbl);
+    else:
+      if unknown lbl.ang:
+        if loc = (.5w,.5h):
+          a := 0;
+        else:
+          a := angle (loc - (.5w,.5h));
+        fi
+      else:
+        a := lbl.ang;
+      fi
+      LaTeX_text (loc + lbl.dist * dir a, a, lbl);
+    fi
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef vdraw_vertex suffix v =
+  if known v.decor.shape:
+    if known v.decor.sty:
+      if v.decor.sty = "empty":
+        emptydraw (
+      elseif v.decor.sty = "full":
+        cfilldraw (
+      elseif is_a_number v.decor.sty:
+        drawhalftone (1 - scantokens v.decor.sty / 100,
+      else:
+        drawtile (scantokens v.decor.sty,
+      fi
+    else:
+      cfilldraw (
+    fi
+        v.decor.shape
+          if known v.decor.ang: rotated v.decor.ang fi
+          scaled v.decor.size shifted v.loc);
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef polygon expr n =
+  if n > 2:
+    for i = 1 upto n:
+      (.5up rotated (360i/n)) --
+    endfor
+    cycle
+  else:
+    fullcircle
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef polygram expr n =
+  if n > 2:
+    for i = 1 upto n:
+      (.5up rotated (360i/n)) --
+      (.2up rotated (360(i+.5)/n)) --
+    endfor
+    cycle
+  else:
+    fullcircle
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef polycross expr n =
+  save i;
+  for i = 1 upto n:
+    origin -- .5 dir (360(i-.5)/n) --
+  endfor
+  cycle
+enddef;
+vardef vdraw_polygon suffix p =
+  if known p.sty:
+    if p.sty = "phantom":
+    elseif p.sty = "empty":
+      emptydraw (vbuild_polygon p);
+    elseif p.sty = "full":
+      cfilldraw (vbuild_polygon p);
+    elseif is_a_number p.sty:
+      drawhalftone (1 - scantokens p.sty / 100, vbuild_polygon p);
+    else:
+      drawtile (scantokens p.sty, vbuild_polygon p);
+    fi
+  else:
+    cdraw (vbuild_polygon p);
+  fi
+enddef;
+vardef LaTeX expr text =
+  message (":" & decimal charcode & ":" & text & "%")
+enddef;
+vardef LaTeX_text (expr z, a, txt) =
+  LaTeX "\fmfL(" & (decimal (xpart z/LaTeX_unitlength)) & ","
+      & (decimal (ypart z/LaTeX_unitlength)) & ","
+      & (voctant a) & "){" & txt & "}";
+enddef;
+vardef voctant expr a =
+  if known a:
+    voctant_list[floor (a/45 + .5)]
+  else:
+    "c"
+  fi
+enddef;
+string voctant_list[];
+voctant_list[-4] := "r";
+voctant_list[-3] := "rt";
+voctant_list[-2] := "t";
+voctant_list[-1] := "lt";
+voctant_list[0] := "l";
+voctant_list[1] := "lb";
+voctant_list[2] := "b";
+voctant_list[3] := "rb";
+voctant_list[4] := "r";
+vardef vdump =
+  message ">>>>> Vertices and arcs for diagram #" & decimal charcode
+        & " of " & jobname & ".mf:";
+  for i = vertices:
+    message "> " & vlist[i]name & "=" & decimal_pair (vlist[i]loc)
+          & ": #lines="
+          & decimal (vlist[i]arc.last - vlist[i]arc.first + 1)
+          if vlist[i]lbl <> "":
+            & ", lbl=" & vlist[i]lbl
+            & ", l.angle=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]lbl.ang)
+            & ", l.dist=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]lbl.dist)
+          fi
+          & ".";
+  endfor
+  for i = vertices:
+    for j = varcs (i):
+      if known vlist[i]arc[j]sty:
+        message "> " & vlist[i]name & "*" & vlist[vlist[i]arc[j]]name
+                & ": " & vlist[i]arc[j]sty
+                & ", tns=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]arc[j]tns)
+                & ", lsr=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]arc[j]lsr)
+                & ", wd=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]arc[j]wd)
+                & ", rub=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]arc[j]rub)
+                if vlist[i]arc[j]lbl <> "":
+                  & ", lbl=" & vlist[i]arc[j]lbl
+                  & ", l.side=" & vlist[i]arc[j]lbl.side
+                  & ", l.dist=" & decimal_ (vlist[i]arc[j]lbl.dist)
+                fi
+                & ".";
+      fi
+    endfor
+    for j = vconstr (i):
+      if i < vlist[i]constr[j]:
+        save z;
+        pair z;
+        z = vlist[vlist[i]constr[j]]loc - vlist[i]loc;
+        message "> " & vlist[i]name & "&"
+                & vlist[vlist[i]constr[j]]name
+                & ": " & decimal_pair (z);
+      fi
+    endfor;
+  endfor
+enddef;
+vardef decimal_ (text n) =
+  if known n: decimal n else: "?" fi
+enddef;
+vardef decimal_pair (text z) =
+  "(" & decimal_ (xpart z) & "," & decimal_ (ypart z) & ")"
+enddef;
+def show_diagram_ expr frame =
+  if (screen_cols < w + 2 xpart frame) or (screen_rows < h + 2 ypart frame):
+    screen_cols := w + 2 xpart frame;
+    screen_rows := h + 2 ypart frame;
+    openwindow currentwindow
+      from origin to (screen_rows, screen_cols)
+      at (- xpart frame, h + ypart frame);
+  fi
+  showit_;
+  if showstopping > 0:
+    stop "This is diagram #" & decimal charcode
+       & ".  Hit return to continue...";
+  fi
+enddef;
+def show_diagram =
+  def show_diagram =
+    display blankpicture inwindow currentwindow;
+    show_diagram_
+  enddef;
+  show_diagram_
+enddef;
+def show_all_diagrams expr frame =
+  def showit = show_diagram frame enddef;
+  displaying:=1;
+enddef;
+endinput;
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `feynmf.mf'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/mftoeps/mftoeps.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/mftoeps/mftoeps.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..46bc5a1cb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/mftoeps/mftoeps.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+%%%%
+%%%% This file belongs to the MFTOEPS package.
+%%%%
+%%% mod div
+%%% length cycle pos_turn neg_turn
+%%% endchar ori_endchar
+%%% draw eofill killtext
+%%% draw find_BB set_BB reset_BB
+%%% draw draw_C normal_draw_C no_export_draw_C
+%%% draw fill_C normal_fill_C no_export_fill_C
+%%% draw clip_C normal_clip_C
+%%% draw write_preamble normal_write_preamble no_export_write_preamble
+%%% endchar write_postamble normal_write_postamble no_export_write_postamble
+%%% endchar g_save g_restore
+%%% message write_PS normal_write_PS
+%%% draw write_def
+%%% draw fix_line_width set_line_width
+%%% draw fix_line_join set_line_join fix_line_cap set_line_cap
+%%% draw fix_miter_limit set_miter_limit fix_dash set_dash
+%%% draw fix_fill_cmyk set_fill_cmyk fix_draw_cmyk set_draw_cmyk
+%%% draw fix_fill_rgb set_fill_rgb fix_draw_rgb set_draw_rgb
+%%% xpart norm_color
+%%% mode_setup ori_mode_setup eps_mode_setup EPS_mode_setup
+%%% draw mftoeps_default
+%%\vsize245mm
+%%\font\titfnt cmtt10 at 48 pt
+%%{\let\makefootline\empty \let\makeheadline\empty
+%%\vglue0ptplus1fill
+%%\centerline{\titfnt MFTOEPS.MF}
+%%\bigskip
+%%\centerline{ver. 0.68 (Tuesday, March 4th, 1997)}
+%%\vfill\vfill\eject}
+% ---
+% \MF format for exporting to EPS via LOG-file + AWK-like utility
+% ---
+% NAME: MFTOEPS.MF
+% AUTHORS: B. Jackowski, P. Pianowski, M. Ry\'cko
+% HISTORY:
+%  Version 0.5 (Friday, May 5th, 1995): first public domain release
+%  Version 0.6 (Thursday, July 27th, 1995): major revision
+%    * macro |reset_BB| added (it was silly not to have it)
+%    * |pickup pencircle scaled 0.4pt| performed by |no_export_write_preamble|
+%    * `mftoeps_bhook' and `mftoeps_ehook' introduced
+%    * `setlinecap', `setlinejoin', `setmiterlimit', and `setdash' included
+%    * switching between no export and compatibility modes made more tidy
+%    * colours are forced to fall into the interval [0..1]
+%    * formatting, comments and internal naming altered
+%  Version 0.65 (Friday, September 1st, 1995):
+%    A lot of small changes introduced introduced during the work over
+%    PSTOEPS and EPSTOMF converters, and over ROEX macros:
+%    * defaults for line joins and caps changed (WARNING: incompatibility
+%      with the version 0.6 described in proceedings of 9th European \TeX
+%      Conference, Arnhem, Holland); now they are compatible with PostScript,
+%      not with our predilections
+%    * `gsave'/`grestore' grouping added (macros |g_save| and |g_restore|);
+%      the graphic object is embedded into a `gsave'/`grestore' pair
+%    * |set_BB| and |find_BB| available also in no-export mode
+%    * string variable |extra_eps_setup| added
+%    * a general purpose macro |make_list| added
+%    * version number appears in the header of EPS file
+%    * |reset_BB| performed by newly introduced |no_export_write_postamble|
+%    * definitions of EPS header more robust
+%    * macros |pos_turn|, |neg_turn|, and |is_line| more robust
+%    * global defaults defined as in ROEX (macro |mftoeps_default|)
+%    * code optimized, formatting slightly altered (e.g., the underscore
+%      character ending a name appears as a superscript asterisk)
+%    This version was released during the 9th EuroTeX meeting in Arnhem
+%  Version 0.66 (Tuesday, September 19th, 1995):
+%    * |find_BB| a bit more robust
+%    * |is_line| is exactly the same as in ROEX.MF (it should have been
+%      in version 0.65...)
+%    This version was released during the CyrTUG-95 meeting in Moscow
+%  Version 0.67 (Friday, October 27th, 1995):
+%    * |miter_limit| used to be a dimen; it was my mistake (BJ),
+%      in PostScript it is a dimensionless quantity
+%  Version 0.68 (Tuesday, March 4th, 1997):
+%    * |extra_preamble| and |extra_postamble| added
+% ---
+if known mftoeps: expandafter endinput fi % no double loading
+mftoeps:=1;
+vardef mftoeps_ver ="0.68" enddef;
+% ---
+% DECLARATIONS (only explicitly needed):
+no_export_level=0; compatibility_level=1; % constants
+let ori_mode_setup=mode_setup;
+let ori_endchar=endchar;
+boolean closed_path; % set by |normal_fill_C|, |normal_draw_C|,
+       % |close_op|, and just before writing definitions
+       % of |mid_draw_op|; checked by |mid_draw_op|;
+boolean dash_array_empty; % used locally by |set_dash|
+boolean known_yes_eps; % used by |eps_mode_setup|
+string extra_eps_setup; % used by |eps_mode| for last-minute adjustments
+extra_eps_setup=""; % usually there's nothing special to do
+string extra_preamble, extra_postamble; % for special comments and/or defs 
+extra_preamble=extra_postamble=""; % usually there's nothing special to add
+% We follow the naming convention of The \MF{}book:
+% ``Private tokens always end with the underscore character.''
+% Since the underscore is a rather illegible character, in a ``neat''
+% printing (using MFT utility) it will appear as an superscript asterisk.
+%% % an innocent formatting trick: the underscore character ending a name
+%% % will be typeset as an superscript asterisk
+%% \let\oriunderscore\_
+%% \newif\ifbgroupopen \bgroupopenfalse
+%% \def\altdblbackslash#1{\bgroup\bgroupopentrue\it#1}
+%% \def\optegroup{\ifbgroupopen\egroup\fi}
+%% \def\underscoreasasterisk#1{%
+%%   \ifx#1\relax\optegroup^*\else\oriunderscore#1\fi}
+%% \def\\#1{%
+%%   \let\_\underscoreasasterisk
+%%   \altdblbackslash{#1\relax}\optegroup
+%%   \let\_\oriunderscore}
+% ---
+def make_list(expr k,l) suffix s =
+ for i_:=k upto l: if i_>k: , fi \\ s[i_] endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef distance(expr za,zb) = length(za-zb) enddef; % in fact, an alias
+% ---
+vardef pos_turn primary p =
+ interim autorounding:=0;
+ if check_turn(p)=0: show p;
+  errhelp "I will leave the path intact, continue with crossed fingers.";
+  errmessage "Cannot make positive turn (check_turn=0)";
+ elseif check_turn(p)<0: reverse fi \\ p
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef neg_turn primary p =
+ interim autorounding:=0;
+ if check_turn(p)=0: show p;
+  errhelp "I will leave the path intact, continue with crossed fingers.";
+  errmessage "Cannot make negative turn (check_turn=0)";
+ elseif check_turn(p)>0: reverse fi \\ p
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef check_turn primary p = % seems more adequate than |turningnumber|
+% |epsilon|=|totalweight currentpicture| after |fill unitsquare|,
+% |eps/epsilon=32|, i.e., we admit accuracy of 32 pixels (isn't it too many?)
+ save r_,currentpicture; picture currentpicture;
+ interim turningcheck:=0; interim autorounding:=0;
+ currentpicture:=nullpicture; fill p; r_:=totalweight(currentpicture);
+ if r_>eps: 1 elseif r_<-eps: -1 else: turningnumber(p) fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef is_line(expr B) =
+% checks if a B\'ezier segment |B| is an almost straight line;
+% recall that |z reflectedabout (origin,right)=1/z| for a complex
+% number |z| such that |length(z)=1|; recall also that the multiplication
+% of complex numbers (|zscale| operation) implies the addition of
+% their angle arguments
+ save pa_,pb_,pc_,pd_,ba_,da_,dc_; pair pa_,pb_,pc_,pd_,ba_,da_,dc_;
+ pa_:=point 0 of B; pd_:=point 1 of B;
+ if distance(pa_,pd_)<epsil.dist:
+  false % either really not a line or an uncertain situation (rounding errors)
+ else:
+  da_=unitvector(pd_-pa_) reflectedabout (origin,right);
+  pb_:=postcontrol 0 of B; if distance(pa_,pb_)<epsil.dist: pb_:=pa_; fi
+  pc_:=precontrol 1 of B; if distance(pd_,pc_)<epsil.dist: pc_:=pd_; fi
+  if (pa_=pb_) and (pc_=pd_): true
+  elseif (pa_=pb_):
+   dc_=unitvector(pd_-pc_); abs(angle(dc_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang
+  elseif (pc_=pd_):
+   ba_=unitvector(pb_-pa_); abs(angle(ba_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang
+  else:
+   ba_=unitvector(pb_-pa_); dc_=unitvector(pd_-pc_);
+   (abs(angle(ba_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang)
+    and (abs(angle(dc_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang)
+  fi
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def eofill expr P =
+ begingroup save pp_; picture pp_;
+  interim turningcheck:=0;
+% the following |addto|s are supposed to fill disjoint areas:
+  pp_:=nullpicture; addto pp_ contour P.t_;
+  cull pp_ keeping (1,infinity); addto currentpicture also pp_;
+  pp_:=nullpicture; addto pp_ contour reverse P.t_;
+  cull pp_ keeping (1,infinity); addto currentpicture also pp_;
+  cull currentpicture keeping(1,1);
+ endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def normal_write_PS expr s = if s<>"": message ":PS: " & s; fi enddef;
+% ---
+def write_P (expr op,P) =
+% writes a point |P| in PostScript, followed by the operation |op|
+ write_PS bp_pair(P) & op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def write_B (expr op,B) =
+% writes a B\'ezier segment |B| in PostScript, followed by the operation |op|
+ write_PS bp_pair(postcontrol 0 of B) & bp_pair(precontrol 1 of B) &
+  bp_pair(point 1 of B) & op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def write_L (expr op,L) =
+% writes a line |L| in PostScript, followed by the operation |op|
+ write_PS bp_pair(point 1 of L) & op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef write_C (expr C) =
+% writes a B\'ezier curve |C| in PostScript followed by an operation
+% which depends on whether |C| is cyclic or not
+ save ll_;
+ ll_:= % |(length(C)-ll_,length(C)-ll_+1)| is the last segment processed
+ if (cycle C) and ((point length(C) of C) = (point length(C)-1 of C)):
+  2 % artificial situation related to an old EPS2MF converter
+ else: 1 fi;
+ write_P(move_op,point 0 of C);
+ for tt_:=0 upto length(C)-ll_:
+  if is_line(subpath (tt_,tt_+1) of C):
+   write_L(line_op,subpath (tt_,tt_+1) of C);
+  else:
+   write_B(bezi_op,subpath (tt_,tt_+1) of C);
+  fi
+ endfor
+ if cycle C: write_PS close_op; fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def no_export_fill_C text t =
+ begingroup
+  save rr_; picture rr_; % must not be |pp_| (see |eofill|)
+  begingroup
+   save currentpicture; def currentpicture = rr_ enddef; % danger!
+   currentpicture:=nullpicture; for qq_:=t: eofill qq_; endfor
+  endgroup;
+  addto currentpicture also rr_; cullit;
+ endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def normal_fill_C text t =
+ write_PS beg_path_op;
+ set_fill_cmyk;
+ for pp_:=t:
+  write_C(pp_); write_PS mid_fill_op; closed_path:=false;
+ endfor
+ write_PS end_path_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def no_export_draw_C text t = for pp_:=t: draw pp_; endfor enddef;
+% ---
+def normal_draw_C text t =
+ write_PS beg_path_op;
+ set_draw_cmyk; set_line_width;
+ set_line_join; set_line_cap;
+ set_miter_limit; set_dash;
+ for pp_:=t:
+  write_C(pp_); write_PS mid_draw_op; closed_path:=false;
+ endfor
+ write_PS end_path_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def normal_clip_C text t =
+ clipping_count:=0; % local
+ for pp_:=t: clipping_count:=clipping_count+1; endfor
+ if clipping_count=0:
+  if clipping_level>0: g_restore; clipping_level:=clipping_level-1; fi
+ else:
+  clipping_level:=clipping_level+1; g_save;
+  write_PS beg_path_op;
+  for pp_:=t: write_C(pp_); write_PS mid_clip_op; endfor
+  write_PS end_path_op;
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef update_BC(expr C)(suffix xl,yl,xh,yh) =
+% updates variables |xl|, |yl|, |xh|, |yh| by finding extremal points
+% of a B\'ezier curve |C|
+ if xl>xpart(point 0 of C): xl:=xpart(point 0 of C); fi
+ if xh<xpart(point 0 of C): xh:=xpart(point 0 of C); fi
+ if yl>ypart(point 0 of C): yl:=ypart(point 0 of C); fi
+ if yh<ypart(point 0 of C): yh:=ypart(point 0 of C); fi
+ for tt_:=0 upto length(C)-1:
+  update_BB(subpath (tt_,tt_+1) of C,xl,yl,xh,yh);
+ endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef update_BB(expr B) (suffix xl,yl,xh,yh) =
+% updates variables |xl|, |yl|, |xh|, |yh| by finding extremal points
+% of a B\'ezier segment |B|; the |point 0 of B| is not taken into account
+ save Bx_,By_,ta_,tb_,vv_; path Bx_, By_; numeric ta_,tb_,vv_;
+%
+ Bx_=(0,xpart(point 0 of B))
+  ..controls
+   (0,xpart(postcontrol 0 of B)) and (1000,xpart(precontrol 1 of B))
+  ..(1000,xpart(point 1 of B));
+ By_=(0,ypart(point 0 of B))
+  ..controls
+   (0,ypart(postcontrol 0 of B)) and (1000,ypart(precontrol 1 of B))
+  ..(1000,ypart(point 1 of B));
+%
+ ta_:=directiontime right of Bx_;
+ if ta_>0:
+  vv_:=ypart (point ta_ of Bx_);
+  if vv_<xl: xl:=vv_; fi\\ if vv_>xh: xh:=vv_; fi
+  tb_:=directiontime right of subpath (ta_+eps,1) of Bx_;
+  if tb_>=0:
+   vv_:=ypart (point tb_ of (subpath (ta_+eps,1) of Bx_));
+   if vv_<xl: xl:=vv_; fi\\ if vv_>xh: xh:=vv_; fi
+  fi
+ fi
+ vv_:=ypart (point 1 of Bx_); if vv_<xl: xl:=vv_; fi\\ if vv_>xh: xh:=vv_; fi
+%
+ ta_:=directiontime right of By_;
+ if ta_>0:
+  vv_:=ypart (point ta_ of By_);
+  if vv_<yl: yl:=vv_; fi\\ if vv_>yh: yh:=vv_; fi
+  tb_:=directiontime right of subpath (ta_+eps,1) of By_;
+  if tb_>=0:
+   vv_:=ypart (point tb_ of (subpath (ta_+eps,1) of By_));
+   if vv_<yl: yl:=vv_; fi\\ if vv_>yh: yh:=vv_; fi
+  fi
+ fi
+ vv_:=ypart (point 1 of By_); if vv_<yl: yl:=vv_; fi\\ if vv_>yh: yh:=vv_; fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+% |xl|, |yl|, |xh|, and |yh| can likely be used in a program, hence
+% longer names: |xl_crd|, |yl_crd|, |xh_crd|, and |yh_crd|, respectively
+def reset_BB =
+ xl_crd:=whatever; yl_crd:=whatever; xh_crd:=whatever; yh_crd:=whatever;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def find_BB text t =
+ for CC_:=t: % |t| may be empty
+  if unknown xl_crd: xl_crd=yl_crd=-xh_crd=-yh_crd=infinity; fi
+  update_BC(CC_)(xl_crd,yl_crd,xh_crd,yh_crd);
+ endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef llxy = (xl_crd,yl_crd) enddef;
+vardef urxy = (xh_crd,yh_crd) enddef;
+% ---
+def set_BB text t =
+% it may happen that |t| refers to the previously fixed coordinates of the
+% bounding box, therefore the coordinates should not be changed too early
+ numeric xl_crd_, yl_crd_, xh_crd_, yh_crd_;
+ for rr_:=t: % syntax trick
+  if pair rr_:
+   for ss_:=xpart rr_, ypart rr_:
+    if unknown xl_crd_: xl_crd_:=ss_;
+    elseif unknown yl_crd_: yl_crd_:=ss_;
+    elseif unknown xh_crd_: xh_crd_:=ss_;
+    elseif unknown yh_crd_: yh_crd_:=ss_;
+    fi
+   endfor
+  else:
+   if unknown xl_crd_: xl_crd_:=rr_;
+   elseif unknown yl_crd_: yl_crd_:=rr_;
+   elseif unknown xh_crd_: xh_crd_:=rr_;
+   elseif unknown yh_crd_: yh_crd_:=rr_;
+   fi
+  fi
+ endfor
+ numeric xl_crd, yl_crd, xh_crd, yh_crd;
+ xl_crd:=xl_crd_; yl_crd:=yl_crd_; xh_crd:=xh_crd_; yh_crd:=yh_crd_;
+enddef;
+% ---
+% somewhat unusual formula was employed in the definition of |bp_num|
+% because |(72/300)*x| is not equivalent to |72/300x|: the latter yields
+% better accuracy
+vardef bp_num primary x =
+ decimal(scantokens("72/" & decimal(pixels_per_inch))x)
+enddef;
+vardef bp_pair primary z =
+ bp_num(xpart(z)) & " " & bp_num(ypart(z)) & " "
+enddef;
+% ---
+mode_def eps_mode =
+ proofing:=0;          % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=0;        % no, we're not making a TFM file
+ tracingtitles:=1;     % yes, show titles online
+ pixels_per_inch:=300; % standard laser printer resolution
+ blacker:=0;           % no additional blackness
+ fillin:=0;            % no compensation for fillin
+ o_correction:=1;      % no reduction in overshoot
+ mag:=1;               % standard magnification
+ autorounding:=0;      % removing pimples is unimportant
+ scantokens extra_eps_setup; % the user's special last-minute adjustments
+enddef;
+% ---
+mode_def vicar_mode =
+ proofing:=0;          % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=0;        % no, we're not making a TFM file
+ tracingtitles:=1;     % yes, show titles online
+ pixels_per_inch:=300; % standard laser printer resolution
+ blacker:=0;           % no additional blackness
+ fillin:=0;            % no compensation for fillin
+ o_correction:=1;      % no reduction in overshoot
+ mag:=1;               % standard magnification
+enddef;
+% ---
+def EPS_mode_setup = eps_mode_setup enddef; % an alias (upward compatibility)
+def eps_mode_setup suffix e_l =
+% fixing |export_level|:
+ known_yes_eps:=(known yesEPS) or (known YESEPS) or (known yeseps);
+ if not known_yes_eps: export_level:=no_export_level;
+ elseif str e_l="": export_level:=compatibility_level;
+ else:
+  if
+   (if known e_l:
+     (e_l=no_export_level) or (e_l=compatibility_level)
+    else:
+     false
+   fi):
+   export_level:=e_l;
+  else:
+   message "Default export level assumed.";
+   export_level:=compatibility_level;
+  fi
+ fi
+% |mode_setup| hackery (last chance to abandon exporting):
+ if export_level<>no_export_level:
+  if not (string mode): mode:=vicar_mode; fi % for hackers only
+  mode_setup; % trial setup
+  if proofing>0: export_level:=no_export_level; fi % proofing has priority
+ fi
+% now either |export_level=no_export_level|
+% or |export_level=compatibility_level):
+ if export_level=no_export_level:
+  let mode_setup=ori_mode_setup; mode_setup;
+  let endchar=ori_endchar;
+  let write_PS=killtext;
+  let write_preamble=no_export_write_preamble;
+  let write_postamble=no_export_write_postamble;
+  let fill_C=no_export_fill_C;
+  let draw_C=no_export_draw_C;
+  let clip_C=killtext;
+ else: % |error_level=compatibility_level|
+  if not (string mode): mode:=eps_mode; fi % for hackers only
+  mode_setup; % set private mode
+  let mode_setup=relax; % no more |mode_setup|s
+  def endchar = % no shipping characters out
+   scantokens extra_endchar; endgroup
+  enddef;
+  let write_PS=normal_write_PS;
+  let write_preamble=normal_write_preamble;
+  let write_postamble=normal_write_postamble;
+  let fill_C=normal_fill_C;
+  let draw_C=normal_draw_C;
+  let clip_C=normal_clip_C;
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def plain_new_path_op = "newpath" enddef;
+def plain_close_op = "closepath" enddef;
+def plain_move_op = "moveto" enddef;
+def plain_line_op = "lineto" enddef;
+def plain_bezi_op = "curveto" enddef;
+def plain_fill_op = "eofill" enddef;
+def plain_draw_op = "stroke" enddef;
+def plain_clip_op = "eoclip" enddef;
+def plain_set_line_width_op = "setlinewidth" enddef;
+def plain_set_fill_cmyk_op = "setcmykcolor" enddef;
+def plain_set_draw_cmyk_op = "setcmykcolor" enddef;
+def plain_set_line_join_op = "setlinejoin" enddef;
+def plain_set_line_cap_op = "setlinecap" enddef;
+def plain_set_miter_limit_op = "setmiterlimit" enddef;
+def plain_set_dash_op = "setdash" enddef;
+def plain_g_save_op = "gsave" enddef;
+def plain_g_restore_op = "grestore" enddef;
+% ---
+% there is some inconsistency between Corel and AI (it could be said that
+% even between Corel and Corel, and between AI and AI), therefore the code
+% for filling, drawing and clipping operations is somewhat messy...
+% ---
+def close_op = begingroup closed_path:=true; "" endgroup enddef;
+def close_path_op = "h" enddef;
+def move_op = "m" enddef;
+def line_op = "l" enddef;
+def bezi_op = "c" enddef;
+def beg_path_op = "*u" enddef;
+def end_path_op = "*U" enddef;
+let beg_fill_op=beg_path_op;
+def mid_fill_op = "f" enddef;
+def end_fill_op = "*U*f" enddef;
+let beg_draw_op=beg_path_op;
+def mid_draw_op = if closed_path: "s" else: "S" fi enddef;
+def end_draw_op = "*U*d" enddef;
+let beg_clip_op=beg_path_op;
+def prep_clip_op = "W" enddef; % AI-oriented, here just empty
+def do_clip_op = "n" enddef;
+def mid_clip_op =
+ close_path_op & " " & prep_clip_op & " " & do_clip_op
+enddef;
+def end_clip_op = "*U*c" enddef;
+def set_line_width_op = "w" enddef;
+def set_fill_cmyk_op = "k" enddef;
+def set_draw_cmyk_op = "K" enddef;
+def set_line_join_op = "j" enddef;
+def set_line_cap_op = "J" enddef;
+def set_miter_limit_op = "M" enddef;
+def set_dash_op = "d" enddef;
+def g_save_op = "q" enddef;
+def g_restore_op = "Q" enddef;
+% ---
+def mark_null = "/oper_kind -1 def" enddef;
+def mark_fill = "/oper_kind 0 def" enddef;
+def mark_draw = "/oper_kind 1 def" enddef;
+def mark_clip = "/oper_kind 2 def" enddef;
+def check_fill = "0 oper_kind eq" enddef;
+def check_draw = "1 oper_kind eq" enddef;
+def check_clip = "2 oper_kind eq" enddef;
+% ---
+def write_def(expr p,q) =
+ if p<>"": write_PS "/" & p & " {" & q & "} def"; fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def no_export_write_preamble expr s = pickup pencircle scaled 0.4pt; enddef;
+def normal_write_preamble expr s =
+ message "generating " & s & ".eps";
+ if unknown testing:
+  batchmode; % don't write mess to the terminal
+ fi
+ message ":EPS FILE NAME: " & s;
+ write_PS "%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0";
+ write_PS "%%Creator: MFTOEPS ver. " & mftoeps_ver;
+ if (known xl_crd) and (known yl_crd) and (known xh_crd) and (known yh_crd):
+  write_PS "%%BoundingBox: " & bp_num(xl_crd) & " " & bp_num(yl_crd)
+   & " " & bp_num(xh_crd) & " " & bp_num(yh_crd);
+ else:
+  xl_crd:=0; xh_crd:=72bp; yl_crd:=0; yh_crd:=72bp;
+   if unknown testing:
+    errorstopmode; % switch temporarily to the usual mode
+   fi
+   message "Unknown bounding box (0 0 72 72 assumed)";
+   if unknown testing:
+    batchmode; % again don't write mess to the terminal
+   fi
+   write_PS "%%BoundingBox: 0 0 72 72";
+ fi
+ write_PS "%%Title: " & s & ".eps";
+ write_PS "%%CreationDate: " & decimal(day) & "." if month<10: & "0" fi
+  & decimal(month) & "." & decimal(year) & " " & decimal(time div 60)
+  & ":" if (time mod 60)<10: & "0" fi & decimal(time mod 60);
+ write_PS "%%DocumentStyle: compatibility "
+  & "(CorelDRAW! & Adobe Illustrator oriented)";
+ write_PS "%%DocumentFonts:";
+ write_PS "%%EndComments";
+ write_PS "%%BeginProlog";
+ write_PS "/mftoeps_export 100 dict def % you may wish to add some entries";
+ write_PS "mftoeps_export begin";
+ write_def (close_op,plain_close_op);
+ write_def (close_path_op,plain_close_op);
+ write_def (move_op,plain_move_op);
+ write_def (bezi_op,plain_bezi_op);
+ write_def (line_op,plain_line_op);
+ write_def (set_fill_cmyk_op,plain_set_fill_cmyk_op);
+ write_def (set_draw_cmyk_op,plain_set_draw_cmyk_op);
+ write_def (beg_path_op,mark_null);
+ write_def (end_path_op,
+  end_fill_op & " " & end_draw_op & " " & end_clip_op);
+ write_def (mid_fill_op,mark_fill);
+ write_def (end_fill_op,check_fill & " {" & plain_fill_op & "} if")
+ closed_path:=true;
+  write_def (mid_draw_op, plain_close_op & " " & mark_draw);
+ closed_path:=false;
+  write_def (mid_draw_op, mark_draw);
+ write_def (end_draw_op,check_draw & " {" & plain_draw_op & "} if")
+ write_def (prep_clip_op,"");
+ write_def (do_clip_op, mark_clip);
+ write_def (end_clip_op,check_clip &
+            " {" & plain_clip_op & " " & plain_new_path_op & "} if");
+ write_def (set_line_width_op,plain_set_line_width_op);
+ write_def (set_line_join_op,plain_set_line_join_op);
+ write_def (set_line_cap_op,plain_set_line_cap_op);
+ write_def (set_miter_limit_op,plain_set_miter_limit_op);
+ write_def (set_dash_op,plain_set_dash_op);
+ write_PS "/setcmykcolor where {pop}";
+ write_PS " {/setcmykcolor {1 sub /mf exch def";
+ write_PS " 3 {mf add neg dup 0 lt {pop 0} if 3 1 roll} repeat";
+ write_PS " setrgbcolor} def} ifelse";
+ write_def (g_save_op,plain_g_save_op);
+ write_def (g_restore_op,plain_g_restore_op);
+ write_PS "/mftoeps_bhook where {pop mftoeps_bhook} {} ifelse";
+ scantokens extra_preamble;
+ write_PS "%%EndProlog";
+ write_PS "%%BeginSetup"; % important structural comment
+ write_PS "%%EndSetup"; % ditto
+ g_save;
+ fix_line_width 0.4pt;
+ fix_fill_cmyk 0,0,0,1;
+ fix_draw_cmyk 0,0,0,1;
+ fix_line_join default_line_join;
+ fix_line_cap default_line_cap;
+ fix_miter_limit default_miter_limit;
+ clipping_level:=0;
+ fix_dash () 0;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def no_export_write_postamble = reset_BB; enddef;
+def normal_write_postamble =
+ forever: exitif clipping_level=0; clip_C; endfor
+ g_restore;
+ write_PS "%%Trailer";
+ write_PS "/mftoeps_ehook where {pop mftoeps_ehook} {} ifelse";
+ scantokens extra_postamble;
+ write_PS "end showpage";
+ if unknown testing:
+  errorstopmode; % switch to the usual mode
+ fi
+ message "";
+ reset_BB;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def g_save = write_PS g_save_op enddef;
+def g_restore = write_PS g_restore_op enddef;
+% ---
+def fix_dash (text t) expr x =
+ def current_dash_array = t enddef; current_dash_offset:=x;
+enddef;
+def set_dash =
+ dash_array_empty:=true;
+ write_PS "["
+  for dash_array:=current_dash_array: if not dash_array_empty: & " " fi
+   & hide(dash_array_empty:=false) bp_num(dash_array)
+  endfor
+  & "] " & bp_num(current_dash_offset) & " " & set_dash_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def fix_line_width expr p =
+ current_line_width:=max(p,0); pickup pencircle scaled current_line_width;
+enddef;
+def set_line_width =
+ write_PS bp_num(if known current_line_width: current_line_width
+  else: .5[pen_rt-pen_lft,pen_top-pen_bot] fi) & " " & set_line_width_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def fix_line_join expr p =
+ current_line_join:=
+  if (round(p)<0) or (round(p)>2): default_line_join else: round(p) fi;
+enddef;
+def set_line_join =
+ write_PS decimal(if known current_line_join: current_line_join
+   else: default_line_join fi) & " " & set_line_join_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def fix_line_cap expr p =
+ current_line_cap:=
+  if (round(p)<0) or (round(p)>2): default_line_cap else: round(p) fi;
+enddef;
+def set_line_cap =
+ write_PS decimal(if known current_line_cap: current_line_cap
+   else: default_line_cap fi) & " " & set_line_cap_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def fix_miter_limit expr p =
+ current_miter_limit:=if p<1: default_miter_limit else: p fi;
+enddef;
+def set_miter_limit =
+ write_PS decimal(if known current_miter_limit: current_miter_limit
+   else: default_miter_limit fi) & " " & set_miter_limit_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+def set_fill_cmyk =
+ write_PS decimal(fill_cyan) & " " & decimal(fill_magenta) &
+  " " & decimal(fill_yellow) & " " & decimal(fill_black) & " " &
+  set_fill_cmyk_op;
+enddef;
+def set_draw_cmyk =
+ write_PS decimal(draw_cyan) & " " & decimal(draw_magenta) &
+  " " & decimal(draw_yellow) & " " & decimal(draw_black) & " " &
+  set_draw_cmyk_op;
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef norm_color expr c = min(1,max(0,c)) enddef;
+def fix_fill_cmyk text t = % syntax trick
+ fill_cyan:=whatever; fill_magenta:=whatever;
+ fill_yellow:=whatever; fill_black:=whatever;
+ for vv_:=t:
+  if unknown fill_cyan: fill_cyan:=norm_color vv_;
+  elseif unknown fill_magenta: fill_magenta:=norm_color vv_;
+  elseif unknown fill_yellow: fill_yellow:=norm_color vv_;
+  elseif unknown fill_black: fill_black:=norm_color vv_;
+  fi
+ endfor
+enddef;
+def fix_draw_cmyk text t = % syntax trick
+ draw_cyan:=whatever; draw_magenta:=whatever;
+ draw_yellow:=whatever; draw_black:=whatever;
+ for vv_:=t:
+  if unknown draw_cyan: draw_cyan:=norm_color vv_;
+  elseif unknown draw_magenta: draw_magenta:=norm_color vv_;
+  elseif unknown draw_yellow: draw_yellow:=norm_color vv_;
+  elseif unknown draw_black: draw_black:=norm_color vv_;
+  fi
+ endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+def fix_fill_rgb text t = % syntax trick
+ begingroup
+  save R_,G_,B_;
+  for vv_:=t:
+   if unknown R_: R_:=norm_color vv_;
+   elseif unknown G_: G_:=norm_color vv_;
+   elseif unknown B_: B_:=norm_color vv_;
+   fi
+  endfor
+  convert_rgb_to_cmyk(R_,G_,B_)
+   (fill_cyan, fill_magenta, fill_yellow, fill_black);
+ endgroup
+enddef;
+def fix_draw_rgb text t = % syntax trick
+ begingroup
+  save R_,G_,B_;
+  for vv_:=t:
+   if unknown R_: R_:=norm_color vv_;
+   elseif unknown G_: G_:=norm_color vv_;
+   elseif unknown B_: B_:=norm_color vv_;
+   fi
+  endfor
+  convert_rgb_to_cmyk(R_,G_,B_)
+   (draw_cyan, draw_magenta, draw_yellow, draw_black);
+ endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def convert_rgb_to_cmyk (expr R,G,B)(suffix C,M,Y,K) =
+ begingroup
+  save C_,M_,Y_,K_; C_:=1-R; M_:=1-G; Y_:=1-B; K_:=min(C_,M_,Y_);
+  C:=min(1, max(0,C_-under_color_removal(K_)));
+  M:=min(1, max(0,M_-under_color_removal(K_)));
+  Y:=min(1, max(0,Y_-under_color_removal(K_)));
+  K:=min(1, max(0,black_generation(K_)));
+ endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+% DEFAULTS:
+def mftoeps_default text t = % main global defaults
+ forsuffixes S_:=t:
+  if str S_ = "under_color_removal":
+   vardef under_color_removal(expr k) = 0 enddef; % modify if you know better
+  elseif str S_ = "black_generation":
+   vardef black_generation(expr k) = 0 enddef; % ditto
+  elseif str S_ = "default_miter_limit":
+   default_miter_limit:=10; % as in PostScript
+% incidentally, |10bp| would convert to |10.00002| during export at |300dpi|
+  elseif str S_ = "default_line_join": default_line_join:=0; % as in PostScript
+  elseif str S_ = "default_line_cap": default_line_cap:=0; % ditto
+  elseif str S_ = "epsil.ang": epsil.ang:=.1; % in degrees
+  elseif str S_ = "epsil.dist": epsil.dist:=1/10pt; % ca |2/5|pxl at |300dpi|
+  fi
+ endfor
+enddef;
+%
+mftoeps_default under_color_removal, black_generation, default_miter_limit,
+ default_line_join, default_line_cap, epsil.ang, epsil.dist;
+% ---
+endinput;
+%%\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/3test.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/3test.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8a62fb1fdd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/3test.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+% This tries all characters on TEST.MF using three different sets of parameters
+% (appropriate for italic styles)
+if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi % omit if CMMF can be assumed
+mag=.5;
+mode_setup; let mode_setup=\;
+
+boolean running;
+def abort = hide(scrollmode; running:=false) enddef;
+def pause=stop "done with char "&decimal charcode&". " enddef;
+let iff=always_iff;
+def ligtable text t=enddef;
+def charlist text t=enddef;
+def extensible text t=enddef;
+
+string currenttitle;
+let semi=;; let echar=endchar; let endchar=enddef;
+def cmchar expr s = currenttitle:=s;
+ let;=testchar semi quote def chartext=enddef;
+def testchar = semi let;=semi;
+ % now `chartext echar' will generate the character to be tested
+ running:=true; errorstopmode;
+ for k=1 upto 6:
+  if running: if known params[k]: scantokens params[k]; font_setup;
+    currentwindow:=k;
+    currenttitle & ", " & fontname[k];
+    chartext echar; fi fi endfor
+ pause; enddef;
+
+string params[],fontname[];
+params[1]="ital_params"; fontname[1]="cmti10";
+params[2]="bold_ital_params"; fontname[2]="cmbxti10";
+params[3]="tt_params"; fontname[3]="cmmi10";
+
+w_rows=floor 1/2 screen_rows; w_cols=floor 1/3 screen_cols;
+def open(expr k,i,j)=
+ openwindow k from ((i-1)*w_rows,(j-1)*w_cols) to (i*w_rows,j*w_cols)
+ at (-10,140) enddef;
+def openit =
+ open(1,1,1); open(2,1,2); open(3,1,3);
+ open(4,2,1); open(5,2,2); open(6,2,3); enddef;
+
+begingroup delimiters begintext generate;
+ def makedef(expr s)(text t) =
+  expandafter def scantokens s = t enddef; flushtext enddef;
+ def flushtext suffix t = enddef;
+ for k=1 upto 6: if known params[k]:
+ makedef(params[k])
+  expandafter expandafter expandafter begintext
+  scantokens ("input "&fontname[k]); fi endfor
+endgroup;
+
+input test
+end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/6test.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/6test.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c66d556fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/6test.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+% This tries all characters on TEST.MF using six different sets of parameters
+if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi % omit if CMMF can be assumed
+mag=.5;
+mode_setup; let mode_setup=\;
+
+boolean running;
+def abort = hide(scrollmode; running:=false) enddef;
+def pause=stop "done with char "&decimal charcode&". " enddef;
+let iff=always_iff;
+def ligtable text t=enddef;
+def charlist text t=enddef;
+def extensible text t=enddef;
+
+string currenttitle;
+let semi=;; let echar=endchar; let endchar=enddef;
+def cmchar expr s = currenttitle:=s;
+ let;=testchar semi quote def chartext=enddef;
+def testchar = semi let;=semi;
+ % now `chartext echar' will generate the character to be tested
+ running:=true; errorstopmode;
+ for k=1 upto 6:
+  if running: if known params[k]: scantokens params[k]; font_setup;
+    currentwindow:=k;
+    currenttitle & ", " & fontname[k];
+    chartext echar; fi fi endfor
+ pause; enddef;
+
+string params[],fontname[];
+params[1]="roman_params"; fontname[1]="cmr10";
+params[2]="sans_params"; fontname[2]="cmssbx10";
+params[3]="tt_params"; fontname[3]="cmtt10";
+params[4]="bold_params"; fontname[4]="cmb10";
+params[5]="quote_params"; fontname[5]="cmssqi8";
+params[6]="ital_params"; fontname[6]="cmti10";
+
+w_rows=floor 1/2 screen_rows; w_cols=floor 1/3 screen_cols;
+def open(expr k,i,j)=
+ openwindow k from ((i-1)*w_rows,(j-1)*w_cols) to (i*w_rows,j*w_cols)
+ at (-10,140) enddef;
+def openit =
+ open(1,1,1); open(2,1,2); open(3,1,3);
+ open(4,2,1); open(5,2,2); open(6,2,3); enddef;
+
+begingroup delimiters begintext generate;
+ def makedef(expr s)(text t) =
+  expandafter def scantokens s = t enddef; flushtext enddef;
+ def flushtext suffix t = enddef;
+ for k=1 upto 6: if known params[k]:
+ makedef(params[k])
+  expandafter expandafter expandafter begintext
+  scantokens ("input "&fontname[k]); fi endfor
+endgroup;
+
+input test;
+bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/mode2dpi.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/mode2dpi.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ac21940cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/mode2dpi.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% Usage: mf '\mode=what_ever_mode; \input mode2dpi'
+
+let myexit = primitive_end_;
+mode_setup;
+string dpi;
+dpi := decimal round pixels_per_inch;
+message "DPI = " & dpi;
+fontmaking := 0;
+myexit;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/mode2dpixy.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/mode2dpixy.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a5a94abd75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/mode2dpixy.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+% Usage: mf '\mode=what_ever_mode; \input mode2dpi'
+
+let myexit = primitive_end_;
+mode_setup;
+string xdpi;
+xdpi := decimal round pixels_per_inch;
+message "XDPI = " & xdpi;
+string ydpi;
+ydpi := decimal round (pixels_per_inch * aspect_ratio);
+message "YDPI = " & ydpi;
+fontmaking := 0;
+myexit;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/modename.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/modename.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4a5b54dc5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/modename.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+% Usage: mf '\mode=what_ever_mode; \input modename'
+
+let myexit = primitive_end_;
+mode_setup;
+message "MODENAME = " & mode_name[mode];
+fontmaking := 0;
+myexit;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/modes.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/modes.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec3086fa3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/modes.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,2588 @@
+%%\font\tenlogosl=logosl10
+%%\def\logofont{\ifdim\fontdimen1\font>0pt \tenlogosl\else\tenlogo\fi}
+%%\def\MF{{\logofont META}\-{\logofont FONT}}
+%%\def\9{${\rm\%}}% print initial comments ragged right
+%%%%
+%%% input generate
+%%% def mode_def
+%%% end bye primitive_end_
+%%% addto define_whole_vertical_blacker_pixels %%%% missing in plain.mft
+%%% addto coding_scheme font_face_byte font_family %%%% like font_size
+%%% addto BCPL_string mode_param mode_special_ mode_output_specials_
+%%% true mode_common_setup_ mode_write_white_setup_ %%%% like mode_setup
+%%% true landscape landscape_
+%%% good mode_guard_ %%%% variable that take suffixes
+%%%%
+%
+% Compiled 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004,
+% 2005 by Karl Berry.  This file is not copyrighted and may be used
+% freely.  You can retrieve the latest version from {\tt
+% ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf}, among other places.
+%
+% Feel free to change the definitions of |localfont|, |screen_cols|,
+% and |screen_rows| at the end of file (see explanations below).
+%
+% If you make a new |mode_def|, please send it to
+% {\tt tex-fonts@tug.org}.  See further discussion below.
+%
+% The mode definitions start at `Here are the modes', several hundred
+% lines down.
+%
+% This file can be run through {\tt MFT} and \TeX\ to produce a nice
+% pretty-printed listing, which currently runs to some 41 pages.
+%
+%%\begingroup \tt \catcode`\{=12 \catcode`\}=12 \obeyspaces
+% @mffile{
+%   author = "The Metafont community",
+%   version = "3.7",
+%   date = "Mon Jan 17 12:53:54 PST 2005"
+%   filename = "modes.mf",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org"
+%   checksum = "2588 12760 93935",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   supported = "yes",
+%   docstring = "
+%%\endgroup
+%
+% This file is a collection of putatively all extant \MF\ modes.
+%
+% If you have a device which is not mentioned in this file, the best
+% thing to do is try to find a device with similar resolution (search
+% for the appropriate lines), and see if that suits (a list of fonts to
+% try is given above). Otherwise, methods for fiddling with the
+% parameters are described in detail below.
+%
+% Unfortunately, the number of modes eats up a lot of memory; if your
+% \MF\ has not increased the table sizes, you may need to remove
+% some of the modes from this file (please name it something else then,
+% e.g., {\tt local.mf}). If you can suggest a way to redefine |mode_def|
+% and/or |mode_setup|, even better; right now, the amount of memory
+% used is approximately four times the length of the |mode_def| names.
+%
+% The primary names are intentionally all eight characters or less, and
+% strictly lowercase. This makes it feasible to use them for portable
+% directory names, and the \TeX\ Directory Structure standard recommends
+% doing so. The synonyms are historical equivalents.
+%
+% It also makes definitions to put specials identifying the mode in
+% the \MF\ GF output, and to put the coding scheme and
+% other so-called Xerox-world information in the TFM output.
+%
+% It also defines a macro |landscape| that inverts |aspect_ratio| and
+% changes |pixels_per_inch|, so you can say {\tt mode := whatever;
+% landscape; ...} to get landscape fonts.  But I can't think of any
+% reasonable way to reflect the |landscape| in the directory name, so
+% there are also |mode_def|'s for the devices with non-square aspect
+% ratios in landscape mode.
+%
+% Finally, it has some code to handle write-white devices better; this
+% code comes into play if a |mode_def| includes the statement
+% |mode_write_white_setup_;|. Such |mode_def|s should also define
+% |blacker_min|.  For further discussion of write/white and white/black
+% devices, see the file {\tt ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/write-white},
+% and also Pierre MacKay's article in the proceedings of the
+% 1991 Raster Imaging and Digital Typography conference:
+%
+%%\begingroup \tt \catcode`\{=12 \catcode`\}=12 \obeyspaces
+% @String{proc-RIDT91 = "Raster Imaging and Digital Typography II"}
+% @String{pub-CUP = "Cambridge University Press"}
+%
+% @Inproceedings{Mackay:RIDT91-205,
+%   author =       "Pierre A. MacKay",
+%   title =        "Looking at the Pixels: Quality Control for 300 dpi
+%                  Laser Printer Fonts, especially {\MF}s ",
+%   pages =        "205--215",
+%   crossref =     "Morris:RIDT91",
+% }
+%
+% @Proceedings{Morris:RIDT91,
+%   title =        proc-RIDT91,
+%   booktitle =    proc-RIDT91,
+%   year =         "1991",
+%   editor =       "Robert A. Morris and Jacques Andr{\'e}",
+%   publisher =    pub-CUP,
+%   address =      pub-CUP:adr,
+%   acknowledgement = ack-kb,
+% }
+%%\endgroup
+%
+% This file is typically loaded when making a \MF\ base; for example,
+% the command line
+%%\begingroup \tt \obeyspaces
+%     inimf plain input modes dump
+%%\endgroup
+% makes a file {\tt plain.base} (or {\tt plain.bas}, or something like that)
+% with all the modes herein defined (plain itself defines modes called
+% |proof|, |smoke|, and |lowres|.)
+%
+% You can make the Computer Modern base with the command line:
+%%\begingroup \tt \obeyspaces
+%     inimf plain input modes input cmbase dump
+%%\endgroup
+% It's generally best to avoid doing this, since it's
+% easy to forget to update them. Just using {\tt plain.base} is simplest.
+%
+% On Unix systems, you then install the base file in the system directory
+% ({\tt /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c} as distributed) as {\tt mf.base}.
+% \MF\ uses the name it was invoked as to determine the format
+% or base file to read; thus running {\tt mf} reads {\tt mf.base}, running
+% {\tt cmmf} reads {\tt cmmf.base}, and so on.  {\tt plain.base} and
+% {\tt mf.base} should be the same file (either a hard or soft link
+% is ok), so the examples in {\sl The \MF book\/} work.
+%
+% A user selects a particular mode when running \MF
+% by assigning to the variable |mode|.  For example:
+%%\begingroup \tt \obeyspaces
+%     mf \char`\\mode:=cx; input cmr10
+%%\endgroup
+% sets up values appropriate for the CanonCX engine.
+%
+% If no mode is assigned, the default is |proof| mode, as stated in {\sl
+% The \MF book}.  This is the cause of the ``{\tt .2602gf}'' files which
+% are the subject of periodic questions.  The remedy is simply to assign
+% a different mode---|localfont|, for example.
+%
+% Every site should define the mode |localfont| to be a synonym for the
+% mode most commonly used.  This file defines |localfont| to be |ljfour|.
+% The values for |screen_rows| and |screen_cols|, which determine how big
+% \MF's window for online output is, should perhaps also be
+% changed;  certainly individual users should change them to their
+% own tastes.
+%
+% This file defines {\tt ?} to type out a list of all the known
+% |mode_def|s (once only).
+%
+% Technically, a |mode_def| is a \MF\ definition that typically
+% consists of a series of assignments to various device-specific variables,
+% either primitive or defined in plain.  These variables include the
+% following (page numbers refer to {\sl The \MF book\/}:
+%
+% |aspect_ratio|: the ratio of the vertical resolution to the horizontal
+%   resolution (page 94).
+%
+% |blacker|: a correction added to the width of stems and similar
+%   features, to account for devices which would otherwise make them
+%   too light (page 93).  (Write-white devices are best handled by a more
+%   sophisticated method than merely adding to |blacker|, as explained
+%   above.)  Compare your results with a good high-resolution example,
+%   such as one of the volumes of {\sl Computers \& Typesetting}.
+%   If you compare against the output of a typical write-black 300$\,$dpi
+%   engine, you will almost certainly wind up with something too dark.
+%   |blacker| should never be negative, the EC fonts do not compile with
+%   such a value.
+%
+% |fillin|: a correction factor for diagonals and other features which
+%   would otherwise be ``filled in'' (page 94).  An ideal device would
+%   have |fillin=0| (page 94). Negative values for |fillin| typically
+%   have either gross effects or none at all, and should be avoided.
+%   Positive values lighten a diagonal line, negative values darken it.
+%   Changes in the |fillin| value tend to have abruptly non-linear effects
+%   on the various design-sizes and magnifications of a typeface.
+%
+% |fontmaking|: if nonzero at the end of the job, \MF\ writes
+%   a TFM file (page 315).
+%
+% |o_correction|: a correction factor for the ``overshoot'' of curves
+%   beyond the baseline or x-height.  High resolution curves look better
+%   with overshoot, so such devices should have |o_correction=1|; but
+%   at low resolutions, the overshoot appears to simply be a distortion
+%   (page 93).  Here some additional comments about |o_correction|,
+%   courtesy of Pierre MacKay (edited by Karl):
+%
+%   At present, I find that |o_correction| works nicely at 80 pixels per
+%   em, and gets increasingly disturbing as you move down towards 50
+%   pixels per em. Below that I do not think it ought to happen at all.
+%
+%   The problem, of course, is that full |o_correction| is supposed to
+%   occur only at the zenith and nadir of the curve of `o', which is
+%   a small region at high resolution, but may be a long line of
+%   horizontal pixels at medium resolution.  The full |o_correction|
+%   does not change a 300$\,$dpi {\tt cmr10}, but it changes a 21-pixel
+%   high {\tt cmr12} to be 23 pixels high.  The extra height and depth
+%   is seen along a line of seven pixels at the bottom and five at
+%   the top.  This is a pronounced overshoot indeed.
+%
+%   For high-resolution devices, such as phototypesetters, the values
+%   for |blacker|, |fillin|, and |o_correction| don't matter all that much,
+%   so long as the values are within their normal ranges: between
+%   0 and 1, with the values approaching 0, 0, and 1 respectively.
+%
+% |pixels_per_inch|: the horizontal resolution; the \MF\ primitive
+%   |hppp| (which is what determines the extension on the GF filename,
+%   as among other things) is computed from this (page 94).  (An ``inch''
+%   is 72.27$\,$pt in the \TeX\ world.)
+%
+%   To be more precise, you can determine the resolution of a font given
+%   a |mode_def| and a magnification |m| by simply multiplying
+%   |pixels_per_inch| for that |mode_def| by |m|.  (Your results may differ
+%   from \MF's if you don't use equivalent fixed-point arithmetic.)
+%   Then you can determine the number used in the name of the GF font
+%   output by rounding.  For example, a font generated at |magstep(.5)|
+%   (which is $\sqrt{1.2}$, which \MF\ computes as 1.09544) for a printer
+%   with |pixels_per_inch=300| will have a resolution of 328.63312 dots
+%   per inch, and the GF filename will include the number {\tt 329}.
+%
+% |proofing|: says whether to put additional specials in the GF file for
+%   use in making proofsheets via, e.g., the utility program {\tt GFtoDVI}
+%   (page 323--4).
+%
+% |tracingtitles|: if nonzero, strings that appear as \MF\ statements
+%   are typed on the terminal (page 187).
+%
+% Pierre MacKay {\tt mackay@cs.washington.edu} has a collection of Unix
+% tools to make up a minifont of indicator characters to help in testing.
+%
+% Neenie Billawala's article in the April 1987 issue of {\sl TUGboat}
+% describes how to test your printer for the best set of values for the
+% magic numbers above.  Here are some brief comments on the subject,
+% courtesy of Rocky Bernstein and Paul Abrahams:
+%
+% For medium-to-low resolution devices, you can first set the |blacker|
+% and |o_correction| to~0 and decide on a |fillin| value by looking at
+% the diagonal of a lowercase `z' in {\tt cmtt10}, or various lines in
+% LaTeX's {\tt line10} font. The diagonal should be the same thickness
+% as the horizontal bars of the `z'. Then I decide on the |blacker|
+% value, generally by checking the smaller fonts for too much filling
+% in. Finally, you can set the |o_correction| using the guidelines
+% suggested above.
+%
+% The easiest way to make a new |mode_def| is not by modifying this file
+% and rebuilding your base file every time.  Instead, use a separate file
+% that contains the appropriate values for the mode parameters and read
+% it in when running \MF.  If you're using Dvips or another utility
+% that calls {\tt MakeTeXPK} to make PK files, remember you'll have to call
+% \MF\ explicitly to make fonts until you've rebuilt the base files.
+%
+% To use a separate mode file with \MF, use the following
+% command line:
+%%\begingroup \tt \obeyspaces
+%    mf \char`\\smode:="newmode.mf"; mag:=magstep (2.0); input cmr10
+%%\endgroup
+% substituting whatever font and magnification you wish, or omitting
+% the magnification altogether.
+%
+% The file {\tt newmode.mf} should contain lines like this (with no
+% |mode_def| or |enddef|):
+%%\begingroup \tt \catcode`\_=12 \obeyspaces
+%    mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 100);
+%    mode_param (blacker, 0);
+%    mode_param (fillin, 0);
+%    mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+%    mode_common_setup_;
+%%\endgroup
+% changing the values as appropriate, of course.  Once you're satisfied
+% with the parameters, use inimf as described below to rebuild and
+% install the plain (and any other) base files.
+%
+% For more information on the use of |smode|, see page 269 of
+% {\sl The \MF book}.
+%
+% Matt Swift has contributed a short \TeX\ file to help in testing new
+% modes.  Remember to remove a leading |"%% "| from each line after
+% extracting it.  (Only a single \% is shown in the printed version.)
+% If you don't use this file for testing, please mention what fonts
+% at what sizes you tested your new mode on.  This will help other
+% people wondering where particular values came from.  Ideally,
+% you would try normal, bold, and italic variants, at sizes around
+% 5$\,$pt, 10$\,$pt and 15$\,$pt.
+%
+%%%% It seems too difficult to get the verbatim stuff right with MFT alone,
+%%%% so why not quote the lines with `%%' and leave the processing to TeX?
+%%%% The only drawback is that comment lines have to start with a blank,
+%%%% since we have two stop MFT from interpreting them as `%%%' comments.
+%%%% Therefore it seems best to quote every line with `%% ' consistently
+%%%% to make it easier to extract them.
+%%%%
+%%%% This verbatim mode is from webman.tex, it assumes that no `?' appears
+%%%% in the text being copied.  I've hacked it to insert a single `%' at
+%%%% the start of each line, so that it looks like normal MFT comments.
+%%%%
+%%\def\verbatim{\begingroup \def\9{{\rm\%}}
+%%  \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12 } \dospecials
+%%  \parskip 0pt \parindent 0pt
+%%  \catcode`\ =13 \catcode`\^^M=13
+%%  \tt \catcode`\?=0 \verbatimdefs \verbatimgobble}
+%%{\catcode`\^^M=13{\catcode`\ =13\gdef\verbatimdefs{\def^^M{\ \par\9}\let =\ }} %
+%%  \gdef\verbatimgobble#1^^M{\9}}
+%%%%
+%%\verbatim
+%% % modetest.tex               -- a file to test a METAFONT mode
+%% %
+%% % by Matt Swift <swift@alum.mit.edu>
+%% %
+%% % This file is in the public domain.
+%% %
+%% % \def\fileversion{v1.2}
+%% % \def\filedate{1995/12/31}
+%% %
+%% % This LaTeX 2e file generates a test page useful for finding a good
+%% % METAFONT mode for your printer.  It includes the most sensitive
+%% % letters in three sizes and all standard CMR font shapes.
+%% %
+%% % I've made the macros abstract, and I think this file could easily
+%% % be adapted to test modes for other METAFONT fonts, or simply font
+%% % appearance in general.
+%% %
+%% % If you want to adapt this to a non-LaTeX format, the LaTeX-specific
+%% % commands below that must be altered are \documentclass,
+%% % \begin{document}, \end{document}, \makeatletter, \makeatother,
+%% % \@for, \@setfontsize, \encodingdefault, \pagestyle, \normalfont,
+%% % \rmfamily, \sffamily, \ttfamily, \mdseries, \bfseries, \upshape,
+%% % \itshape, \scshape, and \slshape.
+%%
+%% \def\encodingdefault{T1}  % New "Cork" font encoding (dc fonts).
+%% \def\encodingdefault{OT1} % Old font encoding (cm fonts).
+%%
+%% \documentclass{article}
+%% \begin{document}
+%%
+%% % This line can be replaced (by, e.g., sed) to contain a mode name.
+%%
+%% ::Mode::
+%%
+%% \def\makesize#1#2#3{
+%%   \expandafter\def\csname ptsize#1\endcsname{#2}
+%%   \expandafter\def\csname blsize#1\endcsname{#3}
+%% }
+%%
+%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% %  DEFINE HERE THE POINT SIZES with baselineskips you would like to test.  %
+%% %  With the defaults of 5, 10, and 14 point sizes, everything will fit on  %
+%% %  one page very easily.  Twocolumn would allow several more sizes.        %
+%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% \makesize {A}{5}{6}
+%% \makesize {B}{10}{12}
+%% \makesize {C}{14}{18}
+%%
+%% \def\sizelist{A,B,C}
+%%
+%% \def\letters{%
+%% MoOzZffii-a\"egsS [/$\backslash$\par
+%% }
+%%
+%% \makeatletter
+%% \let\setfontsize\@setfontsize
+%% \let\for\@for
+%% \parindent\z@
+%% \makeatother
+%%
+%% \pagestyle{empty}
+%%
+%% \def\showfonts{%
+%% %
+%% % The groups prevent warnings when intermediate fonts are not available.
+%% %
+%% {\rmfamily \mdseries \upshape \letters}  % allow no space before this
+%%   {\rmfamily \mdseries \slshape \letters}
+%%   {\rmfamily \mdseries \itshape \letters}
+%%   {\rmfamily \mdseries \scshape \letters}
+%%
+%%   {\rmfamily \bfseries \upshape \letters}
+%%   {\rmfamily \bfseries \slshape \letters}
+%%   {\rmfamily \bfseries \itshape \letters}
+%%
+%%   {\sffamily \mdseries \upshape \letters}
+%%   {\sffamily \mdseries \slshape \letters}
+%%
+%%   {\sffamily \bfseries \upshape \letters}
+%%
+%%   {\ttfamily \mdseries \upshape \letters}
+%%   {\ttfamily \mdseries \slshape \letters}
+%%   {\ttfamily \mdseries \itshape \letters}
+%%   {\ttfamily \mdseries \scshape \letters}
+%% }
+%%
+%% % The \expandafters expand \sizelist.
+%% %
+%% \expandafter   \for
+%% \expandafter   \sizename
+%% \expandafter   :%
+%% \expandafter   =%
+%%                \sizelist
+%%   \do {\setfontsize {\sizename}
+%%                     {\csname ptsize\sizename\endcsname}
+%%                     {\csname blsize\sizename\endcsname}%
+%%       \vskip 1ex\noindent
+%%       \llap{\normalfont\csname ptsize\sizename \endcsname\,pt\quad}%
+%%       \showfonts}
+%%
+%% \end{document}
+%% % end of modetest.tex
+%%?endgroup\par
+%%%%
+%%%% Not that anyone would recognize this as the end of the docstring...
+%%\begingroup \tt \catcode`\{=12 \catcode`\}=12 \obeyspaces
+%"
+% }
+%%\endgroup
+
+% Don't let ourselves be processed twice.
+if known modes_mf: endinput; fi;
+modes_mf := 3.7;
+
+% Identify ourselves in the format file.
+base_version := base_version & "/modes 3.7";
+
+
+%%\vfill\eject
+% Here are useful macros (also called definitions) we use throughout.
+
+% First, some comments about how the |mode_defs| are constructed (from
+% {\tt rocky@panix.com}).  In the past, |mode_defs| unconditionally
+% assigned a value to the various mode-dependent parameters.
+% For example, they contained an assignment |fontmaking:=1|, which
+% tells \MF\ to write a TFM file.
+%
+% But suppose you want to generate a font using all of the setup for
+% some mode |m|, but do not want to generate a TFM? One could create
+% another mode that doesn't have the assignment, but this seems a bit
+% wasteful since the rest of the code in the mode would be duplicated.
+% Furthermore, given the way the mode definitions were written, it was
+% not possible to change the mode parameters.  To see why, I review how
+% a \MF\ run typically works.
+%
+% First, \MF\ is invoked with some base file to load.  Then you might
+% want give additional instructions, such as |scrollmode|, or |mode:=cx|.
+% Next, you input a parameter file, say {\tt cmr10}.  The parameter file
+% calls a driver file such as {\tt roman.mf} with the command
+% |generate roman |.  Finally, the driver finishes with |bye| or |end|.
+% Thus, any additional commands you give after the input of the
+% parameter file are ignored.
+%
+% Usually, one of the first things a driver file does is to call
+% |mode_setup|. It is here that the mode parameters are set.  (In our
+% hypothetical mode, it would be here that |fontmaking| is assigned.)
+%
+% To allow a flexible setting of |fontmaking|, we can make a simple
+% change: in the |mode_def|, first test to see if a value has been
+% defined prior and only make the assignment if not. That is:
+% |if unknown fontmaking: fontmaking := 1; fi|.
+%
+% Alas, this doesn't work.  Primitives, like |fontmaking|, are always
+% |known|.  So instead we create ``guard'' variables, specifically,
+% |mode_guard_.fontmaking|; we set the guard when we assign the
+% parameter.  Then we test whether the guard is |known| before we
+% actually do an assignment.  This allows more flexible definitions: you
+% can specify some of the parameters, and keep the defaults for others.
+%
+% It is also possible to write a program that creates a |mode_def|
+% on the fly. Although useful, this has a slightly different focus
+% than starting with an existing |mode_def| and changing a couple
+% of parameters. In particular, one still has to peek inside the
+% file to see what the old values were and set them again (in the
+% new context). Also, such on-the-fly |mode_def| generation programs
+% are inherently less machine-independent than a scheme that does
+% everything in \MF\ itself.
+%
+% The upshot of all this is the following: we say, e.g.,
+% |mode_param (fontmaking, 1)| below, instead of using the assignment
+% primitive directly.  The name (``|mode_param|'') is kept somewhat
+% short because you can also use this to override a mode assignment
+% on the command line or in response to the {\tt **} prompt.
+
+def mode_param (suffix v) (expr e) =
+  if unknown mode_guard_.v:
+    v := e;
+    mode_guard_.v := 1;
+  fi
+enddef;
+
+% This macro is invoked by all the modes, after |pixels_per_inch|
+% has been defined, thus saving some space and time.
+def mode_common_setup_ =
+  mode_param (proofing, 0);
+  mode_param (fontmaking, 1);
+  mode_param (tracingtitles, if pixels_per_inch > 1200: 1 else: 0 fi);
+enddef;
+
+
+% In a similar spirit, here are definitions to change to ``landscape''
+% mode.  You just say {\tt mode := whatever; landscape; ...},
+% and when |mode_setup| is executed, the |aspect_ratio| will be
+% inverted, and |pixels_per_inch| changed.
+def landscape =
+  extra_setup := extra_setup & "landscape_;"
+enddef;
+
+def landscape_ =
+  begingroup
+    interim warningcheck := 0;
+    pixels_per_inch := aspect_ratio * pixels_per_inch;
+    aspect_ratio := 1 / aspect_ratio;
+    fix_units; % Too bad we can't do this after any |extra_setup|.
+  endgroup
+enddef;
+
+
+% Here are macros to add specials with mode information to the GF file.
+%
+% Specifically, we add the |pixels_per_inch|, |o_correction|,
+% |aspect_ratio| (if not 1), |mag|, |fillin|, and |mode_def| name.  This
+% information can be used to automatically verify that a font file name
+% matches the specification within the file.  For example, you could
+% check that the number in the filename matches |mag*pixels_per_inch|.
+% Or, if the |mode_def| name is part of the font directory path
+% (e.g., you put fonts in {\tt .../texmf/fonts/pk/cx}), that all of the
+% bitmap files in the directory have the expected |mode_def| name.
+def mode_special_ (suffix $) =
+  string s, d;
+  s := str $;
+  d := decimal scantokens s;
+  special s & "=" & d;
+enddef;
+
+def mode_output_specials_ =
+  begingroup
+    save d, s, p, p_p_i;
+    string p;
+
+    interim warningcheck := 0; % In case |pixels_per_inch>4096|.
+
+    % We need the old |pixels_per_inch| to compute
+    % the true device resolution.
+    p_p_i = pixels_per_inch / mag;
+
+    % But now we want to change |pixels_per_inch|,
+    % so |save| the old value.
+    save pixels_per_inch;
+    pixels_per_inch := p_p_i;
+
+    special "jobname=" & jobname;
+    mode_special_ (mag);
+
+    p := if string mode:
+           mode
+         else:
+           substring (0, length (mode_name[mode]) - 1) of mode_name[mode]
+         fi;
+    special "mode=" & p;
+
+    mode_special_ (pixels_per_inch);
+    if aspect_ratio <> 1:
+      mode_special_ (aspect_ratio);
+    fi;
+    mode_special_ (blacker);
+    mode_special_ (fillin);
+    mode_special_ (o_correction);
+  endgroup
+enddef;
+
+
+% Here are macros for Xerox-world font info, which can be useful even
+% if you never use a Xerox printer.  For instance, {\tt crudetype} uses
+% the |coding_scheme| and it is nice to have the font family on record.
+% This goes into both the TFM file (as |headerbyte| information), and
+% into the GF file (as a |special|).
+
+% Make the string |s| be |n| bytes long.
+def BCPL_string (expr s, n) =
+  for l := if length (s) >= n: n-1 else: length (s) fi: l
+    for k := 1 upto l: , substring (k - 1, k) of s endfor
+    for k := l + 2 upto n: , 0 endfor
+  endfor
+enddef;
+
+% The string |s| names the encoding scheme, e.g., {\tt TeX text}.
+def coding_scheme expr s =
+  headerbyte 9: BCPL_string (s, 40);
+  special "codingscheme=" & s
+enddef;
+
+% The string |s| names the font family, e.g., {\tt CMR}.
+def font_family expr s =
+  headerbyte 49: BCPL_string (s, 20);
+  special "fontid=" & s
+enddef;
+
+% The integer |x| gives the family member number, which should be
+% between 0 and 255.
+def font_face_byte expr x =
+  headerbyte 72: x;
+  special "fontfacebyte";
+  numspecial x
+enddef;
+
+% So users can say |if known Xerox_world: ... fi|, per {\sl The \MF book}.
+Xerox_world := 1;
+
+% Redefine |end| to put the extra information above in the GF and TFM
+% files.  This code is based on that on page 321.
+inner end;
+let primitive_end_ = end;
+def end =
+  if fontmaking > 0:
+    font_family font_identifier_;
+    coding_scheme font_coding_scheme_;
+    font_face_byte max (0, 254 - round 2designsize);
+    mode_output_specials_;
+  fi;
+  primitive_end_
+enddef;
+
+% {\sl The \MF book} gives |bye| two different definitions (on pages
+% 278 and 321). The first is used in {\tt plain.mf} and is merely
+% a synoynym for the primitive |end|.  The second, which is not part
+% of {\tt plain.mf}, is similar to the code given above. We want the
+% extra information to get into the output files regardless of whether
+% the \MF\ source used |end| or |bye|.  The above changed |end|;
+% now we have to redefine |bye| again (as on page 278).
+outer end, primitive_end_;
+let bye = end;
+
+
+% Here are macros to handle write-white devices.
+%
+% The basic correction for write-white fonts occurs in the definition
+% of |font_setup|.  This can be used to extend or change the write-black
+% definition in Computer Modern's {\tt cmbase.mf} or other base files
+% based on CM, such as {\tt dxbase.mf}.  This has no effect at 1200$\,$dpi.
+def mode_write_white_setup_ =
+  newinternal blacker_min;
+  def define_whole_blacker_pixels(text t) =
+          forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp+blacker);
+                  if $ <=blacker_min-1: $:=blacker_min; fi endfor enddef;
+
+  def define_whole_vertical_blacker_pixels(text t) =
+          forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp+blacker);
+                  if $ <=blacker_min-1: $:=blacker_min _o_; fi endfor enddef;
+
+  % Only do the above once, in case a font file (unnecessarily)
+  % calls |mode_setup| more than once.
+  let mode_write_white_setup_ = relax
+enddef;
+
+
+%%%% Continue to print block comments ragged right, but also check
+%%%% if comments start with \[ indicating lines to be set flush right.
+%%
+%%\def\9{$\futurelet\next\doit}
+%%\let\[=\relax
+%%\def\doit{\ifx\next\[%
+%%  \def\next{\hfill{\rm\%}}\else\def\next{{\rm\%}}\fi\next}
+%%%%
+%%\vfill\eject
+% Here are the modes, given mostly in alphabetical order.
+
+% From {\tt J.Hicks@warwick.ac.uk}.
+mode_def agfafzz =                  %\[ AGFA 400PS (406dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 406);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+AgfaFourZeroZero := agfafzz;
+
+% From {\tt picheral@univ-rennes1.fr}.
+mode_def agfatfzz =                 %\[ AGFA P3400PS (400dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 400);
+  cx_;
+enddef;
+AgfaThreeFourZeroZero := agfatfzz;
+
+% From {\tt rokicki@neon.stanford.edu}.
+mode_def amiga =                    %\[ Commodore Amiga (100dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 100);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+onezz := amiga;
+OneZeroZero := amiga;
+
+mode_def aps =                      %\[ Autologic APS-Micro5 (723dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 722.909);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt rocky@panix.com}.  Tested on the single APS-6 at IBM Research.
+mode_def apssixhi =                 %\[ Autologic APS-Micro6 (1016dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1016);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt ee@dacth51.bitnet}.
+mode_def atariezf =                 %\[ Atari ST SLM 804 printer (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .5);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+AtariSLMEightZeroFour := atariezf;
+
+% From {\tt W.Spit@fys.ruu.nl}.  {\tt N.Poppelier@elsevier.nl} says that
+% different previewers use different resolutions (95$\,$dpi, 96$\,$dpi,
+% or 101$\,$dpi), but no one seems to know what the real resolution is.
+mode_def atarinf =                  %\[ Atari previewer (95dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 95);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+AtariNineFive := atarinf;
+
+mode_def atarins =                  %\[ Atari previewer (96dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 96);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+AtariNineSix := atarins;
+
+% From {\tt ee@dacth51.bitnet}.
+mode_def atariotf =                 %\[ Atari ST SM 124 screen (101dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 101);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .4);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+AtariSMOneTwoFour := atariotf;
+
+mode_def bitgraph =                 %\[ BBN Bitgraph (118dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 118);
+  mode_param (blacker, .55);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .3);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt sjwright@cix.compulink.co.uk}, 9 February 1994.
+mode_def bjtenex =                  %\[ Canon BubbleJet 10ex (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, .6);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt cgweav@eskimo.com} (Clayton Weaver), 4 February 1997.
+% Might want to recheck |o_correction|, which could vary per unit.
+mode_def bjtzzex =                  %\[ Canon BubbleJet 200ex (360 dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1.2);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt Alastair.Jenkins@nrsc.no}, 30 January 1997.
+mode_def bjtzzs =                   %\[ Canon BubbleJet 200 (720x360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 720);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio , 0.5);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0.0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1.0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt Alastair.Jenkins@nrsc.no}, 30 January 1997.
+mode_def bjtzzl =                   %\[ BubbleJet 200 landscape (360x720 dpi)
+  bjtzzs_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def boise =                    %\[ HP 2680A (180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 180);
+  mode_param (blacker, .55);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .3);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt Yves.Arrouye@imag.fr}.
+mode_def canonbjc =                 %\[ Canon BJC-600 (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .8);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CanonBJCSixZeroZero := canonbjc;
+
+% From {\tt swartz@cs.wisc.edu}, 8 April 1993.  The straightforward
+% mode with |blacker=0|, |fillin=0|, |o_correction=1| seems to
+% work fine for the Canon EX engine inside Apple's LaserWriter Pro 630.
+% It produces light, clear lines and type. But {\tt ajcarr@ccvax.ucd.ie}
+% sent in the revised values below on 12 December 1993, tested on
+% the major CM fonts at 5, 7, and 10$\,$pt and producing slightly
+% better results.
+mode_def canonex =                  %\[ LaserWriter Pro 630 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .85);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CanonEX := canonex;
+
+mode_def canonlbp =                 %\[ Symbolics LGP-10 (240dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .4);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CanonLBPTen := canonlbp;
+
+% This is really 1301.5; MF produces 1301, so use that.
+mode_def cg =                       %\[ Compugraphic 8600 (1301x1569dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1301);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 1569 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CompugraphicEightSixZeroZero := cg;
+
+mode_def cgl =                      %\[ Compugraphic 8600 landscape (1569x1302dpi)
+  cg_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% These values from Linotype Linotronic [13]00 modified to 1200$\,$dpi.
+% From {\tt wagman\%muse.hepnet@Csa2.LBL.Gov}.
+mode_def cgnszz =                   %\[ Compugraphic 9600 (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, .65);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CompugraphicNineSixZeroZero := cgnszz;
+
+% This has a resolution of |5333 + 1/3| pixels per inch.
+mode_def crs =                      %\[ Alphatype CRS (5333dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 4000 + 4000/3);
+  mode_param (blacker, 4);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% This applies to the LaserWriter Plus, HP Laserjet, HP Laserjet Plus,
+% and also the Canon LBP-LX engine, in the Laserjet IIP, QMS 410,
+% and Apple Personal LaserWriter, and also to the CanonSX engine,
+% in the LaserWriter II family.  And {\tt hammond@jila02.Colorado.EDU}
+% says it works well for the ``enhanced-resolution'' LaserJet III.
+% {\tt swartz@cs.wisc.edu} is developing a mode for the Canon EX engine
+% inside an Apple Pro 630 printer.
+mode_def cx =                       %\[ Canon CX, SX, LBP-LX (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CanonCX := cx;
+corona := cx;
+dp := cx; % some kind of DataProducts
+hplaser := cx;
+imagen := cx;
+kyocera := cx;
+laserwriter := cx;
+% I have seen a claim the LaserJet II was the Canon SX
+% write-white engine, but I don't think that's right.
+laserjethi := cx;
+laserjet := cx;
+% {\tt ogawa@orion.arc.nasa.gov} says that this is definitely not a
+% write-white engine, despite earlier versions of this file claiming
+% the contrary.  Thus, probably the same parameters as |cx| will do.
+CanonSX := cx;
+CanonLBPLX := cx;
+
+% At least magstep 2 is recommended at this low resolution.
+mode_def datadisc =                 %\[ DataDisc (70dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 70);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+DD := datadisc;
+
+mode_def newdd =                    %\[ DataDisc (70x93dpi)
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 4/3);
+  datadisc_;
+enddef;
+DataDiscNew := newdd;
+
+mode_def newddl =                   %\[ DataDisc landscape (93x70dpi)
+  newdd_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt mcgrant@rascals.stanford.edu}.  True resolution is 98.2236
+% by 102.4.  See comments for |DECsmall| just above.
+mode_def declarge =                 %\[ DEC 19-inch, 1280 x 1024 (100dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 100);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+DEClarge := declarge;
+elvira := declarge;
+
+% From {\tt mcgrant@rascals.stanford.edu}.  True resolution is 78.1069
+% by 86.0612, but a square aspect ratio works better; furthermore,
+% Computer Modern isn't prepared to deal with fractional pixel values.
+mode_def decsmall =                 %\[ DEC 17-inch, 1024 x 768 (82dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 82);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+DECsmall := decsmall;
+
+% From {\tt fieberjr@whitman.bitnet}.
+mode_def deskjet =                  %\[ HP DeskJet 500 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+HPDeskJet := deskjet;
+
+% From {\tt stsmith@ll.mit.edu}, 10 May 93.
+% With |fillin=0|, the diagonal of {\tt cmtt10}'s `z' is too thin.
+% |blacker=.8| too thin, 2 too thick.
+mode_def docutech =                 %\[ Xerox 8790 or 4045 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.9);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+XeroxDocutech := docutech;
+
+% From {\tt waits.mf}.
+mode_def dover =                    %\[ Xerox Dover (384dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 384);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1.2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% Reported by Silas Brown, 4 April 2003, via Debian bug 184875.
+% {\tt dvips -Ppdf} wants 8000$\,$dpi fonts, so define a mode for that.
+mode_def dpdfezzz =                 %\[ dvips -Ppdf (8000dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 4000 * 2);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt ghibo@galileo.polito.it}, for the Amiga ShowDVI previewer.
+mode_def eighthre =                 %\[ EightThree (83dpi)
+ mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 83);
+ mode_param (blacker, 0);
+ mode_param (fillin, 0);
+ mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+ mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EightThree := eighthre;
+
+% {\tt arno.wagner@acm.org}, 25 November 1997.  To print in 360dpi (much
+% faster, but lower quality) use the |epstylus| mode instead. This
+% printer seems to make smaller dots when printing at 720$\,$dpi and
+% larger ones when printing at 360$\,$dpi. I tried 720x1440 resolution
+% as well, but found it not worth the additional time.  If you use
+% Ghostscript, you need at least version 5.03 to support 720$\,$dpi on
+% this printer. This mode may work with the Epson Stylus color 800 as
+% well.  I tested this mode with Matt Swift's test, found above.
+% With |fillin| set to zero, the test had no `\' at 5$\,$pt.
+%
+mode_def epscszz =                  %\[ Epson Stylus Color 600 (720 dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 720);
+  mode_param (blacker, .25);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.5);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .8);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt metcalf@catfish.LCS.MIT.EDU}, 5 Dec 1992.
+mode_def epsdrft =                  %\[ Epson (120x72dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 120);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 72 / pixels_per_inch);
+  epson_;
+enddef;
+epsdraft := epsdrft;
+
+mode_def epsdrftl =                 %\[ Epson (72x120dpi)
+  epsdrft_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt metcalf@catfish.LCS.MIT.EDU}, 5 Dec 1992.
+mode_def epsfast =                  %\[ Epson fast (60x72dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 60);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 72 / pixels_per_inch);
+  epson_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def epsfastl =                 %\[ Epson fast landscape (72x60dpi)
+  epsfast_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From Hippocrates Sendoukas {\tt <isendo@mail.ariadne-t.gr>}, 17 April 1999.
+mode_def epsmed =                   %\[ Epson med MX/FX 9-pin (240x144dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 144 / pixels_per_inch);
+  epson_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def epsmedl =                  %\[ Epson med MX/FX 9-pin landscape (144x240dpi)
+  epsmed_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% These values from Charles Karney, {\sl TUGboat} 8(2), page 133.  This
+% is for the Epson MX/FX family (-85, -286), which are 9-pin printers.
+% The 24-pin LQ family have higher resolutions; no one has sent me
+% definitions for them yet.  Ditto for Epson's laser printer.
+% (Thanks to {\tt cargo@escargot.cray.com} for all this information.)
+mode_def epson =                    %\[ Epson MX/FX 9-pin (240x216dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 216 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonMXFX := epson;
+epshi := epson;
+epsonfx := epson;
+
+mode_def epsonl =                   %\[ Epson MX/FX 9-pin landscape (216x240dpi)
+  epson_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt sdh@po.cwru.edu}, 6 September 93.
+% The modes |cx| and |HPLaserJetIIISi| are too spindly.
+% This works (not awesome, o's and e's are slightly taller than
+% they should be in large pt. fonts) on my Epson Action Laser 1500
+% with LaserJetIIIsi emulation and RITech (Epson's Resolution
+% Enhancement).  It might work for the model 1000 or some HP's.
+mode_def epsonact =                 %\[ Epson Action Laser 1500 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .8);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.95);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonAction := epsonact;
+
+% Corrected to 216$\,$dpi vertically, 5 Dec 1992.
+% From {\tt metcalf@catfish.LCS.MIT.EDU}.
+mode_def epsonlo =                  %\[ Epson (120x216dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 120);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 216 / pixels_per_inch);
+  epson_;
+enddef;
+epslo := epsonlo;
+
+mode_def epsonlol =                 %\[ Epson landscape (216x120dpi)
+  epsonlo_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt Sebastian\_Kirsch@kl.maus.de}, 19 April 1996.  In comparison
+% to some postscript fonts, the characters seemed to light with blacker
+% 0, but much too heavy with a blacker greater than 1. I tried blacker
+% .6 and finally settled for .7. All the other values are rather
+% fictional, I didn't really test them out.
+mode_def epsonsq =                  %\[ Epson SQ 870 (360dpi)
+  mode_param (proofing, 0)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, .7);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .9);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonSQEightSevenZero := epsonsq;
+
+% Following three modes from {\tt marc@mpi.nl} (Marc Fleischeuers).
+% I could not quite get the `z' diagonal to get as thin as the
+% horizontal lines, even pushing |fillin| up to 0.8. This printer tends
+% to make things lighter on lower resolutions so I compensate a little
+% with increasing |blacker|. But not all the way, as this would fill in
+% the little holes in the `e' and `s' at 5$\,$pt. Otherwise it's pretty
+% cool, not as crisp as an |ljfour| but better than most inkjets I've seen.
+mode_def epstypro =                 %\[ Epson Stylus Pro (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0.2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.8);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonStylusPro := epstypro;
+
+mode_def epstyplo =                 %\[ Epson Stylus Pro (180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 180);
+  mode_param (blacker, .35);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.8);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonStylusProLow := epstyplo;
+
+% Good time saver, almost as good as 720x720 but a lot faster.
+mode_def epstypmd =                 %\[ Epson Stylus Pro (720x360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 720);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 360 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.8);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonStylusProMed := epstypmd;
+
+mode_def epstypml =                 %\[ Epson Stylus Pro landscape (360x720dpi)
+  epstypmd_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+epstypmdl := epstypml;
+
+mode_def epswlo =                   %\[ Epson low MX/FX 9-pin (120x144dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 120);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 144 / pixels_per_inch);
+  epson_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def epswlol =                  %\[ Epson low MX/FX 9-pin landscape (144x120dpi)
+  epswlo_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def esphi =                    %\[ Epson Stylus Pro (720dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 720);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.8);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonStylusProHigh := esphi;
+
+% From {\tt Tobias.Guenzler@uni-konstanz.de}, 8 December 1994.
+%
+% The |blacker| parameter is the most critical; changing |o_correction|
+% has lesser effect, and may also be increased or decreased somewhat.
+% I tested this by comparing output with printouts of a HP LaserJet
+% printer using the LJ fonts. This printer had the fancy resolution
+% enhancement feature (RET) which makes the pixel steps almost
+% invisible. I did most of the comparision with {\tt cmr12}, {\tt cmbx12},
+% {\tt cmr12} magstep2 and {\tt cmss9}.
+%
+% The Stylus printer is a ink printer, but it works with a piezo drive
+% instead of a bubble jet. This may be the reason why it draws its lines
+% very tiny and thin. At least the pixel diameters are very sharp and
+% they are far away from that bulky dots produced by the needles of
+% a NEC P6.
+mode_def epstylus =                 %\[ Epson Stylus (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, .35);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .8);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt ghibo@galileo.polito.it}, for the Amiga ShowDVI previewer.
+mode_def fourfour =                 %\[ FourFour (44dpi)
+ mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 44);
+ mode_param (blacker, 0.05);
+ mode_param (fillin, .1);
+ mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+ mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+FourFour := fourfour;
+
+% From {\tt drstrip@intvax.uucp}.
+% Revised by {\tt dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de}, 24 May 1994.
+mode_def gtfax =                    %\[ G3fax (204x196dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 204);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 196 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+GThreefax := gtfax;
+gtfaxhi := GThreefax;
+
+mode_def gtfaxl =                   %\[ G3fax landscape (196x204dpi)
+  gtfax_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de}, 24 May 1994.
+mode_def gtfaxlo =                  %\[ G3fax (204x98dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 204);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 98 / pixels_per_inch);
+  gtfax_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def gtfaxlol =                 %\[ G3fax landscape (98x204dpi)
+  gtfaxlo_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt ron@mlfarm.com}, 30 October 1995.
+mode_def highfax =                  %\[ G3fax (200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+hifax := highfax;
+
+% {\tt brumski+@osu.edu}, 27 August 1993.
+mode_def hprugged =                 %\[ HP RuggedWriter 480 (180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 180);
+  mode_param (blacker, .55);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .3);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% Some general comments on the IBM printers, courtesy of {\tt rocky@panix.com}.
+%
+% IBM 3820's, 3825's, 3827's and 3835's have some sort of corner imaging
+% or shading that the IBM 3812's and 3816's don't.  The latter two models
+% may get this feature in the future.
+%
+% The IBM 3827 is made by Kodak, the rest are IBM engines.
+%
+% Some of the other printers have a knob that allows a service engineer
+% to set one of up to ten levels of darkness.  At IBM Research, we run
+% very black.  The service engineer sets the level by running a completely
+% black page and then two completely blank ones. The black page
+% must be black and the following two must be completely white.
+%
+% Thanks to Jim Hafner ({\tt hafner@ibm.com}) for experimenting with
+% |blacker|, and Paul Dantzig for information about these printers.
+%
+% From {\tt ARNALDO@RIOSC.bitnet}.  This is for the 3820, but can be used
+% for 3812, 3816, 3825, 3837 3800 and 3827 printers (these are all
+% 240$\,$pels IBM printers that use the same font format when driven
+% by PSF/VM).
+mode_def ibm_a =                    %\[ IBM 38xx (240dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (blacker, .35);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt rocky@panix.com}.  For the typewriter, slanted, and italic
+% fonts, |blacker=0| makes the `M's and `W's more legible.  But then
+% the weight of the font does not match the others.
+mode_def ibmd =                     %\[ IBM 38xx (240dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (blacker, .3);
+  mode_param (fillin, .4);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .75);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% These values from {\tt melvin@math.psu.edu}.
+mode_def ibmega =                   %\[ IBM EGA monitor (96x81dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 96);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, .841);
+  mode_param (blacker, .3);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def ibmegal =                  %\[ IBM EGA monitor landscape (81x96dpi)
+  ibmega_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt sperber@provence.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de}, 30 October 1993.
+% The difference of 0.1 in |blacker| really does make a difference.
+mode_def ibmfzon =                  %\[ IBM 4019 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .1);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .75);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMFourZeroOneNine := ibmfzon;
+
+% From {\tt rocky@panix.com}.  The print engine is made by Lexmark.  The
+% printing person I asked, Paul Dantzig, says that the print quality of
+% the 4019 is fairly regular. Unlike the IBM 4216's, to his knowledge
+% only there is only one print engine by Lexmar has been ever used in
+% the 4019. And unlike the IBM 4029, there are not knobs on the inside
+% that would permit one to adjust the blacker to ones taste.
+%
+% While both RicohA and cx modes settings are acceptable, it looks
+% to me that the RicohA fonts are superior.  I base this judgement on
+% tops and bottoms of curves on {\tt cmr10} such as `S', `U' `e' `o' and
+% the apostrophes. This effect is especially noticeable in a small font
+% like {\tt cmr6}.
+%
+% If you want to experiment with another setting, I'd start with |RicohA|
+% and set |blacker| to .1 or 0 instead of .2 but definitely keep
+% |mode_write_white_setup_|; I'd leave |fillin| and |o_correction| unchanged.
+%
+% From {\tt vumalki\%weizmann.weizmann.ac.il@taunivm.tau.ac.il}
+% and {\tt plotkin@theory.stanford.edu}.
+%
+% {\tt hafner@almaden.ibm.com} (Jim Hafner) reports that this works fine
+% for the Lexmark 4039, a.k.a.\ IBM 4039, as along as the ``Printer
+% Darkness'' control is set to ``darker''.
+%
+mode_def ibmfztn =                  %\[ IBM 4029-30-39, 4250 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .05);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .75);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMFourZeroTwoNine := ibmfztn;
+IBMFourTwoThreeZero := ibmfztn;
+IBMFourTwoFiveZero := ibmfztn;
+IBMFourZeroThreeNine := ibmfztn;
+LexmarkFourZeroThreeNine := ibmfztn;
+
+% From Rick Simpson via {\tt erikjan@icce.rug.nl}.
+mode_def ibmpp =                    %\[ IBM ProPrinter (240x216dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 216 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMProPrinter := ibmpp;
+proprinter := IBMProPrinter;
+
+mode_def ibmppl =                   %\[ IBM ProPrinter (216x240dpi)
+  ibmpp_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From Rick Simpson via {\tt erikjan@icce.rug.nl}.  Also gave values
+% of zero for |blacker|, |fillin|, and |o_correction|.
+mode_def ibmsoff =                  %\[ IBM 6154 display (118dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 118);
+  mode_param (blacker, .8);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMSixOneFiveFour := ibmsoff;
+
+% From {\tt rocky@panix.com}.  This is an old, untested definition.
+mode_def sherpa =                   %\[ IBM 6670 (Sherpa) (240dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMSixSixSevenZero := sherpa;
+
+% From {\tt vumalki\%weizmann.weizmann.ac.il@taunivm.tau.ac.il}.
+mode_def ibmteot =                  %\[ IBM 3812 (240dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (blacker, .6);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, .4);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMThreeEightOneTwo := ibmteot;
+IBMUlfHolleberg := IBMThreeEightOneTwo;
+
+% These values from {\tt d\_webb@chcc.harwell.aea-technology.uk}.
+mode_def ibmtetz =                  %\[ IBM 3820 (240dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (blacker, .78);
+  mode_param (fillin, .25);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMThreeEightTwoZero := ibmtetz;
+
+% From {\tt x92@vm.urz-uni-heidelberg.de} via {\tt schoepf@sc.zib-berlin.de}.
+mode_def ibmtont =                  %\[ IBM 3193 screen (100dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 100);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMThreeOneNineThree := ibmtont;
+
+% From {\tt x92@vm.urz-uni-heidelberg.de} via {\tt schoepf@sc.zib-berlin.de}.
+mode_def ibmtosn =                  %\[ IBM 3179 screen (87x65dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 87);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 0.75);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+IBMThreeOneSevenNine := ibmtosn;
+
+mode_def ibmtosnl =                 %\[ IBM 3179 screen landscape (65x87dpi)
+  ibmtosn_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% These values from {\tt d\_webb@chcc.harwell.aea-technology.uk}.
+% {\tt melvin@math.psu.edu} thinks |pixels_per_inch=96| might be better.
+mode_def ibmvga =                   %\[ IBM VGA monitor (110dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 110);
+  mode_param (blacker, .3);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% The Chelgraph IBX is the machine introduced to North American \TeX\
+% users by Type~2000 in Mill Valley, California; telephone (415)~388-8873.
+% Since the machine's stated output resolution is only 2000$\,$dpi
+% this truly spectacular 9600$\,$dpi must be used for translation to
+% an outline font description.  This has been tested and used in a
+% publication of the University of Washington Press.  These values
+% from Pierre MacKay, based on Lance Carnes' crs values, at magstep~1.8.
+mode_def ibx =                      %\[ Chelgraph IBX (9600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 4000 + 4000 + 1600);
+  mode_param (blacker, 4);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+ChelgraphIBX := ibx;
+
+% From {\tt local.mf} via {\tt cudat@cu.warwick.ac.uk}.
+mode_def itoh =                     %\[ CItoh 8510A (160x144dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 160);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 144 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+CItohEightFiveOneZero := itoh;
+
+mode_def itohl =                    %\[ CItoh 8510A landscape (144x160dpi)
+  itoh_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt rokicki@cs.umb.edu}.
+mode_def itohtoz =                  %\[ CItoh 310 (240x144dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 144 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+citohtoz := itohtoz;
+CItohThreeOneZero := itohtoz;
+cthreeten := itohtoz;
+
+mode_def itohtozl =                 %\[ CItoh 310 landscape (144x240dpi)
+  itohtoz_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% Perhaps the value for |fillin| should be 0.
+mode_def iw =                       %\[ Apple ImageWriter (144dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 144);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.3);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+imagewriter := iw;
+
+% From {\tt stsmith@ll.mit.edu}, 20 August 93.
+% The mode |cx| is too spindly.
+mode_def jetiiisi =                 %\[ HP Laser Jet IIISi (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .7);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+HPLaserJetIIISi := jetiiisi;
+
+% From John Sauter.
+mode_def lasf =                     %\[ DEC LA75 (144dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 144);
+  mode_param (blacker, .3);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+LASevenFive := lasf;
+
+% Michael Covington's ({\tt mcovingt@ai.uga.edu}) definition for the
+% Lexmark Optra R (4049), reflecting a taste for a heavier than
+% normal rendition of the Computer Modern fonts.
+%
+% You may prefer a lesser value of blacker (down to maybe 1.0).
+% Initially tested on 10, 12, 17-point CMR and 10-point math italic.
+%
+% While we're talking about the Optra R, here's another useful fact:
+% it takes 32-bit-wide 72-pin SIMMs, 70 or 80 ns.  Contrary to the
+% documentation, you do not have to use IBM's special SIMMs.
+%
+% The resolution of 1200 and the |blacker| value of 3 causes {\tt cmbsy7}
+% to be generated with incorrect arrows and radical sign.  The
+% |vtftzzlo| mode also fails.  Decreasing |blacker| to 2 works around.
+% From {\tt infovore@xs4all.nl} (Olaf Weber) and Henrik Schmiediche.
+%
+mode_def lexmarkr =                 %\[ Lexmark Optra R 4049 (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 2); % used to be 3; works around {\tt cmbsy7} bug
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+LexmarkOptraR := lexmarkr;
+
+% Klaus Guntermann {\tt <guntermann@iti.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de>}.
+% 19 January 1998.  Mode for a Lexmark Optra S laser printer in true
+% 1200dpi mode. This printer model seems to be the successor of the
+% Optra R series above.
+%
+mode_def lexmarks =                 %\[ Lexmark Optra S 1250/1650/2450 (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+LexmarkOptraS := lexmarks;
+
+% {\tt uri@watson.ibm.com} (Uri Blumenthal), 9 March 1997.
+% This is really a 1200$\,$dpi printer, but it can be operated in 600dpi mode.
+mode_def lexmarku =                 %\[ Lexmark Optra R+ 4049 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .5);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .75);
+  mode_param (tracingtitles, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def linolo =                   %\[ Linotype Linotronic [13]00 (635dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 635);
+  linoone_;
+enddef;
+LinotypeOneZeroZeroLo := linolo;
+linohalf := LinotypeOneZeroZeroLo;
+
+% Mode for Linotype Linotronic L-330 with a RIP-50 raster.
+% From: Steven T. Smith {\tt stsmith@ll.mit.edu}, 26 October 95.
+mode_def linolttz =                 %\[ Linotronic L-300 with RIP-50 (3386dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 3386);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+LinotypeLThreeThreeZero := linolttz;
+
+% These values from {\tt d\_webb@chcc.harwell.aea-technology.uk}.
+% The `a' in {\tt cmr5} looks better with |blacker=.3|.  Values of .2
+% for both |blacker| and |fillin| have also been used.
+mode_def linoone =                  %\[ Linotronic [13]00 (1270dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1270);
+  mode_param (blacker, .65);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+LinotypeOneZeroZero := linoone;
+linohi := LinotypeOneZeroZero;
+linothreelo := LinotypeOneZeroZero;
+
+% These values from {\tt d\_webb@chcc.harwell.aea-technology.uk}.
+mode_def linotzzh =                 %\[ Linotype Linotronic 300 (2540dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 2540);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);                % Copied from |aps|---conjectural.
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);                 % (ditto)
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);            % (ditto)
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+linothree := linotzzh;
+LinotypeThreeZeroZeroHi := linotzzh;
+linosuper := linotzzh;
+
+% (From Matt Swift {\tt swift@alum.mit.edu}, 1 Jan 1996.) This is a mode for
+% the HP LaserJet 5P, using dvipsk-5.58f and gs-2.6.2.  I tuned it using
+% the file modetest.tex.  The first sweep was (b,f,o) = (0, {0, .3, .6},
+% 0).  The diagonal of 10$\,$pt lowercase z was too thin at .6, too thick
+% at 0.  The second sweep was ({.4, .5, .6, .7}, .3, 0). At .6, the 5$\,$pt
+% small-cap lower-case A was on the verge of being filled in, but .6 is
+% a reasonable value.  Blacker .4 looked a little spindly for many of
+% the 5$\,$pt fonts, especially italic and small-cap.  The next sweep was
+% (.5, .3, {0, .4, .7, 1}).  The sides of the 14$\,$pt upper-case O
+% (especially roman and small-cap) are relatively fatter with
+% o-correction 0 as opposed to 1. Almost every other mode for 600$\,$dpi
+% printers has 1, so I'm going with that.
+%
+mode_def ljfive =                   %\[ HP LaserJet 5 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .75);
+  mode_param (fillin, .3);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjetfive := ljfive;
+
+% From Michael Neuhauser {\tt neuhauser@eiunix.tuwien.ac.at}.  This is a
+% mode for HP LaserJet 5MP. I started with ljfive and found the Computer
+% Modern fonts much too black.  Therefore I experimented with different
+% values of |blacker| to find .4 to be best.
+mode_def ljfivemp =                 %\[ HP LaserJet 5MP (600 dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .4);
+  mode_param (fillin, .3);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjetfivemp := ljfivemp;
+% There have been many modes for the LaserJet 4. The current values were
+% found by {\tt kb@tug.org} to be reasonable on a LaserJet 4MP
+% (at the default density setting, with resolution enhacement enabled).
+% I don't intend to change them again (unless someone convinces me
+% that they are truly mistaken in some way), although I would consider adding
+% different modes for other LaserJet 4 printers, if people contribute them.
+%
+% ({\tt cthiele@ccs.carleton.ca} gets better results with the density
+% setting on the printer at 4, instead of 3.)
+%
+% The first LaserJet 4 mode came from {\tt tonnie@ctrl.phys.tue.nl},
+% 13 January 1993, with |blacker=0|, |fillin=0|, and |o_correction=.6|.
+% (This definition was forwarded to me by Barbara Beeton, and was
+% intended to be preliminary.)
+%
+% {\tt fj@iesd.auc.dk} says that |IBMFourZeroTwoNine| works fine.
+%
+% {\tt mbr@research.nj.nec.com} supplied another set of values:
+% |blacker=.6|, |fillin=0|, and |o_correction=1|.  He writes:
+% I've tested it extensively at 10$\,$pt and 12$\,$pt in both roman, italic,
+% and bold, and I've checked all the standard smaller sizes (5, 6, 7, 8,
+% and 9$\,$pt).  Works reasonably well on both the LaserJet 4 and the 4si,
+% although characters come out somewhat lighter on the 4si.  Assumes
+% that the density controls are set to their default values and that the
+% resolution enhancement feature is enabled.  The |blacker| value was
+% chosen to make 12$\,$pt text look good; for 10$\,$pt text, set |blacker=.66|.
+%
+% I felt the output with |blacker=.6| was too dark; Computer Modern
+% was never intended to be as dark as it appears on 300$\,$dpi printers.
+% So I've decreased |blacker| to the value below. The other parameters
+% don't seem to matter much. (Even |blacker| doesn't matter all
+% {\it that} much.)
+%
+% Works for a 600$\,$dpi Accel-a-Writer {\tt mackay@cs.washington.edu},
+% 16 August 95.
+%
+% Possibly also usable for the LaserJet 6 family.
+% From {\tt chj@lin.foa.se} (Christian Jvnsson), 29 January 1997.
+%
+mode_def ljfour =                   %\[ HP LaserJet 4 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .25);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjetfour := ljfour;
+% {\tt fn@junior.mathtok.polymtl.ca} uses this for the QMS-860.
+qmsesz := ljfour;
+% {\tt pete@lovelace.thi.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de} uses this for the
+% Apple Laserwriter Select 360, with a Fuji Xerox Xerographic engine.
+aselect := ljfour;
+
+% {\tt jrenkema@worldonline.nl}, 2 January 1998.  The LaserJet 5M
+% |mode_def|, |blacker=.35|, had very light output on the 4000.  The
+% |blacker=2| setting results in output comparable to the LaserJet 5M
+% with |blacker=.35|. It is also noteworthy that in the ProRes 1200 mode
+% HP's resolution enhancement technology (RET) is not used, thus output
+% is exactly according to \MF.  But perhaps |blacker=2| is too much, as
+% Computer Modern is supposed to be pretty light.
+mode_def ljfzzz =                   %\[ LaserJet 4000N, ProRes mode (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjetfourzerozerozero := ljfzzz;
+laserjetfourthousand := ljfzzz;
+
+% {\tt Nicolai Langfeldt <janl@math.uio.no>}, 16 May 1998.
+% This is for the default 16ppm 600dpi mode.
+%
+mode_def ljfzzzfr =                 %\[ HP LaserJet 4000 FastRes (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt ST-TeX.MF} via {\tt braams@pttrnl.nl}.  (The 300dpi LaserJet
+% is another |cx|.)
+mode_def ljlo =                     %\[ HP LaserJet (150dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 150);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjetlo := ljlo;
+
+% {\tt Niko Sauer <nikos@friedrichs.up.ac.za>}, 11 October 2000.
+% Here are modes developed for and tested on the HP LaserJet 2100T/TN.
+% Mode ljtozz is for a resolution of 1200dpi, and ljtozzfr for 600dpi
+% Tradeoffs between |fillin| and |blacker| resulted in very clear,
+% sharp renderings of Computer Modern fonts which appears to be
+% preferable to what the modes ljfzzz ljfzzzfr for HP LaserJet 4000
+% yield on this printer. Preferences were tested by scrutiny of the
+% results by sample of people in the vicinity.
+%
+mode_def ljtozz =                   %\[ HP LaserJet 2100T/TN (1200dpi)
+   mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+   mode_param (blacker, .7);
+   mode_param (fillin, .15);
+   mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+   mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjettwoonezerozero:=ljtozz;
+%
+mode_def ljtozzfr =                 %\[ HP LaserJet 2100T/TN (600dpi)
+   mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+   mode_param (blacker, .25);
+   mode_param (fillin, .3);
+   mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+   mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+laserjettwoonezerozerofastres:=ljtozzfr;
+
+% From {\tt mackay@cs.washington.edu}, 13 January 1993.  The actual
+% machine resolution of this machine is $1000 \times 400$, but it is
+% adjusted with the aid of software so that a $1000 \times 1000$ PK file
+% is used.  The |o_correction|, however, seems grossly overdone if
+% the expected value of at or near unity is applied (on the grounds
+% that a 1000$\,$dpi font should be able to do full o-correction).
+% Apparently the 400$\,$dpi physical resolution has some effect here.
+% In any case, |o_correction=0.4| looks better, and lines up with
+% about the right optical adjustment on curves.  Tested at American
+% School of Classical Studies Publications on 18 July, 1992.
+mode_def lmaster =                  %\[ LaserMaster (1000dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1000);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0.2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.4);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+lasermaster := lmaster;
+
+% From {\tt fran@hexamon.demon.co.uk}, 10 March 1996.  I tried the entry
+% in modes.mf for a DEC LN03. This turned out much too dark---everything
+% looks bold.  I did try sending write-black fonts to this printer, the
+% hairlines disappear.  I don't know if these printers have a
+% blackness knob $\ldots$
+mode_def lnotr =                    %\[ DEC LN03R Scriptprinter (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.6);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+LNOthreR := lnotr;
+
+% From Richard Watson at the Queensland Institute of Technology.  This
+% printer is said to have some kind of Xerox engine, but I don't know which.
+mode_def lnzo =                     %\[ DEC LN01 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .9);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+LNZeroOne := lnzo;
+lps := lnzo;
+LPSFourZero := lnzo;
+
+% From {\tt hammond@jila.Colorado.EDU}, 21 January 1993.  Modified from
+% |qms|.  Prints exactly like the QMS fonts from Northlake Software.
+mode_def lpstz =                    %\[ DEC lps20 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .6);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.3);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+LPSTwoZero := lpstz;
+
+mode_def lqlores =                  %\[ Epson LQ-500 (180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 180);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+EpsonLQFiveZeroZeroLo := lqlores;
+
+% This and |EpsonLQFiveZeroZeroLo| also work for a Mannesmann 300
+% (from {\tt cudat@csv.warwick.ac.uk}, 4 September 1991).  The $360\times360$
+% modes for these printers fails for {\tt cudat}, however.
+mode_def lqmed =                    %\[ Epson LQ-500 (360x180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 180 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0); % 0.3 avoids `holes'.
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+lqmedres := lqmed;
+EpsonLQFiveZeroZeroMed := lqmed;
+
+mode_def lqmedl =                   %\[ Epson LQ-500 landscape (180x360dpi)
+  lqmed_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% These values from {\tt karl@cs.umb.edu}.  |blacker = .8| or more
+% thickens dots, to their detriment.  |blacker = .6| produces two-pixel
+% stems, which looks pretty good for {\tt cmr}, but it's a little dark
+% for {\tt cmti}, and {\tt cmbx} and {\tt cmr} then turn out the same.
+% |o_correction = 1| made no difference.  |fillin = 1| made no
+% difference.
+mode_def lview =                    %\[ Sigma L-View monitor (118x109dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 118.06);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 109.25 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def lviewl =                   %\[ Sigma L-View monitor landscape (109x118dpi)
+  lview_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt Pierre.Soille@ipk.fhg.de}, 13 February 1995.
+% This printer also runs at 300$\,$dpi (try |cx|), 400$\,$dpi (|next|),
+% and 600$\,$dpi (|ljfour|).
+mode_def lwpro =                    %\[ Apple LaserWriterPro 810 (800dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 800);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% This is untested.
+mode_def macmag =                   %\[ Mac screens at magstep 1 (86dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 86.4);
+  mode_param (blacker, .35);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .3);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From the VMS distribution tape (except {\tt karl@cs.umb.edu} changed
+% the |o_correction| to zero).
+mode_def mactrue =                  %\[ Mac screen (72dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 72);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+MacTrueSize := mactrue;
+
+% From {\tt mcgrant@rascals.stanford.edu}, 17 December 1992.
+% Various other values made little difference.
+mode_def ncd =                      %\[ NCD 19-inch (95dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 95);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt rokicki@neon.stanford.edu}.
+mode_def nec =                      %\[ NEC (180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 180);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% This is the same as |cx|, except for the resolution.
+mode_def nechi =                    %\[ NEC-P6 (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  cx_;
+enddef;
+lqhires := nechi;
+
+% {\tt fkr@tooyoo1.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp}, 7 June 1995.
+mode_def neclm =                    %\[ NEC PC-PR406LM (320dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 320);
+  mode_param (blacker, .1);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt fkr@tooyoo1.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp}, 7 June 1995.
+mode_def nectzo =                   %\[ NEC PC-PR201 series (160dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 160);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+NecTwoZeroOne := nectzo;
+
+% From {\tt rokicki@neon.stanford.edu}.
+mode_def nexthi =                   %\[ NeXT Newgen (400dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 400);
+  cx_;
+enddef;
+NeXTprinter := nexthi;
+Newgen := nexthi; % From {\tt lambert@silver.cs.umanitoba.ca}.
+
+% From {\tt rokicki@neon.stanford.edu}.
+mode_def nextscrn =                 %\[ NeXT monitor (100dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 100);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+NeXTscreen := nextscrn;
+nextscreen := nextscrn;
+
+% {\tt ghibo@galileo.polito.it}, for the Amiga ShowDVI previewer.
+mode_def nineone =                  %\[ NineOne (91x91) (91dpi)
+ mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 91);
+ mode_param (blacker, 0);
+ mode_param (fillin, 0);
+ mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+ mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+NineOne := nineone;
+
+% From {\tt jbotz@mtholyoke.edu}, 21 April 1993.
+% Make TFM files only.
+mode_def nullmode =                 %\[ TFM files only (101dpi)
+  % The resolution is irrelevant, but \MF\ always ships out
+  % characters, so don't use the default huge |proof| resolution.
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 101);
+  mode_param (proofing, -1);
+  mode_param (fontmaking, 1);
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt ghibo@galileo.polito.it}, for the Amiga ShowDVI previewer.
+mode_def onetz =                    %\[ OneTwoZero (120/120) (120dpi)
+ mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 120);
+ mode_param (blacker, 0);
+ mode_param (fillin, 0);
+ mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+ mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+OneTwoZero := onetz;
+
+% From {\tt deby@cs.utwente.nl} and {\tt issue@vax.oxford.ac.uk}.
+mode_def ocessfz =                  %\[ OCE 6750-PS (508dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 508);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .7);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+OCESixSevenFiveZeroPS := ocessfz;
+
+% From {\tt rokicki@neon.stanford.edu}.
+mode_def okidata =                  %\[ Okidata (240x288dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 288 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+okihi := okidata;
+
+mode_def okidatal =                 %\[ Okidata landscape (288x240dpi)
+  okidata_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt roussel@henri.chem.uleth.ca}.  For the dark smoothing mode.
+mode_def okifte =                   %\[ Okidata 410e in 600DPI mode (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .6);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .85);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+okifourten := okifte;
+
+% From {\tt AMSmodes.def}.
+mode_def pcscreen =                 %\[ also, e.g., high-resolution Suns (118dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 118);
+  mode_param (blacker, .5);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .3);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% {\tt fkr@tooyoo1.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp}, 7 June 1995.  With the existing
+% |bitgraph| and |pcscreen| modes, `m' looks bad: a long vertical
+% line extends higher than the letter itself.
+mode_def pcprevw =                  %\[ PC screen preview (118dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 118);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% Tektronix Color PostScript printer, from {\tt craig@sunspot@noao.edu}
+% on 14 January 1993. He writes: This is a thermal wax paper printer.
+% The values were determined using the {\tt cmr10} and {\tt cmti10} fonts.
+% The generated fonts look reasonable, although vertical lines and
+% things like the {\tt [}, {\tt ]}, and {\tt /} characters are pretty thin.
+mode_def phaser =                   %\[ Tektronix Phaser PXi (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1.1);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si} (Metod Kozelj), 30 July 1998.
+% Parameters other than |blacker| have little effect.
+mode_def phaserfs =                 %\[ Tektronix Phaser 560 (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+phaserfivesixzero := phaserfs;
+
+% Tektronix Phaser 350 is a 600-by-300 colour wax printer.
+% From {\tt dag@ifi.uio.no} (Dag Langmyhr), 10 January 1997.
+% Perhaps too fat at small sizes (5$\,$pt) but looks OK for 8$\,$pt and more.
+mode_def phasertf =                 %\[ Tektronix Phaser 350 (600x300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 300/pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def phasertl =                 %\[ Tektronix Phaser 350 landscape (300x600)
+  phasertf_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+phasertfl := phasertl;
+
+% From Aries Arditi {\tt <aries@play.lighthouse.org>}, 3 February 1998.
+% This definition makes one pixel one point, which is convenient when
+% you want to image-process the letter images after rendering, and don't
+% want to add any device corrections. If you want to grab the images off
+% the screen, it's useful to add lines to the definition, as well:
+%
+%%\begingroup \tt \catcode`\_=12 \obeyspaces
+%  |mode_param (proofing, 1);
+%  extra_endchar:=extra_endchar\&"showit";
+%  extra_setup := extra_setup\&"def openit = openwindow currentwindow from
+%    origin to (screen_rows,screen_cols) at (0,50) enddef";
+%%\endgroup
+mode_def pixpt =                    %\[ one pixel per point (72.27dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 72.27);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% This is a write-white PostScript laser-setter, made by a Xerox
+% subsidiary.  Its true aspect ratio is 1200$\,$dpi horizontally and
+% 600$\,$dpi vertically, but {\tt mis@apsedoff.bitnet} says that the
+% printer hides this, and PostScript programs should treat it as having
+% a square aspect ratio.  But {\tt george@trevnx.bio.dfo.ca} says that
+% using the nonsquare aspect ratio produces identical output and uses
+% only half the disk space.  He also says the fonts are much too dark
+% in general, and produce invisible diagonals in the CM typewriter
+% fonts---but other changes either produce errors or dark output.
+%
+% Printware's headquarters is in Minnesota; telephone (612) 456-1400.
+mode_def prntware =                 %\[ Printware 720IQ (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+PrintwareSevenTwoZeroIQ := prntware;
+printware := prntware;
+
+% From John Gourlay.  See {\sl TUGboat} 8(2), page 133.
+mode_def qms =                      %\[ QMS (Xerox engine) (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .6);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.3);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt Boris.Hemkemeier@HRZ.Uni-Bielefeld.De}, 24 June 1993.
+% With the QMSOneSevenZeroZero mode, the left stem of `M'
+% in {\tt cmr10} vanishes completely.
+mode_def qmsostf =                  %\[ QMS 1725 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, 1);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+QMSOneSevenTwoFive := qmsostf;
+
+% From {\tt queinnec@geant.cenatls.cena.dgac.fr}, 24 March 1993.
+% {\tt k316670@aearn.bitnet} says this print has a CanonNX engine
+% switchable between 300 and 600$\,$dpi.
+%
+% From {\tt mimi@scri.fsu.edu} (Mimi Burbank), 12 September 1996:
+% $\ldots$ When I found the note about the left stem of the `M'
+% disappearing I was concerned.
+%
+% The error, I believe, is due to the fact that the font is generated at
+% 600$\,$dpi, and was most likely printed on a QMS printer with 300$\,$dpi
+% resolution. I just had the same thing happen to me, but with our QMS
+% 860 set at 600dpi (the default for only one of our printers) the
+% output was beautiful!  (I printed the same ps file on a QMS 2000 with
+% 300$\,$dpi resolution, and on a QMS 860 with 600$\,$dpi resolution.)
+mode_def qmsoszz =                  %\[ QMS 1700 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+QMSOneSevenZeroZero := qmsoszz;
+
+% From {\tt teddy@fukt.hk-r.se}, 28 September 1996.
+mode_def qmstftf =                  %\[ QMS 2425 (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, .3);
+  mode_param (fillin, .5);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+QMSTwoFourTwoFive := qmstftf;
+
+% These values from Stan Osborne, {\sl TUGboat} 8(2), page 134.
+mode_def ricoh =                    %\[ e.g., TI Omnilaser (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+RicohFourZeroEightZero := ricoh;
+RicohFortyEighty := ricoh;
+
+% From {\tt Martin.Ward@durham.ac.uk}.  Apparently the engine is
+% different from the Ricoh 4080.  With a larger value of |blacker|,
+% characters like the `e' in {\tt cmtt8} look bad.
+mode_def ricoha =                   %\[ e.g., IBM 4216 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .2);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .75);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+RicohA := ricoha;
+IBMFourTwoOneSix := ricoha;
+
+% From John Sauter.
+mode_def ricohlp =                  %\[ e.g., DEC LN03 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .65);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+RicohLP := ricohlp;
+LNOthree := ricohlp;
+LNZeroThree := ricohlp;
+
+% From {\tt nishida@src.ricoh.co.jp} (Akihiro Nishida), 30 August 1996.
+% These printers are available only in Japan.
+mode_def ricohsp =                  %\[ Ricoh sp10ps/lp7200-ux (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0.2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt dickson@eeserv.ee.umanitoba.ca}.  {\tt gil.cc.gatech.edu}
+% has different values; {\tt img@ai.edinburgh.ac.uk} sets |blacker=.1|.
+% Corrected by {\tt andy@vlsi.cs.caltech.edu}, 28 August 1991.
+% The darkness knob on the printer has a much larger effect than
+% any of these parameters.  {\tt carlos@snfep1.if.usp.br} points out
+% that the printer can operate at either 300$\,$dpi or 400$\,$dpi, and
+% if your fonts don't match the setting, naturally they won't look
+% very good.  He says the following works in Dvips' {\tt config.ps} file
+% to set 400$\,$dpi:
+%%\begingroup \tt \catcode`\%=12 \catcode`\{=12 \catcode`\}=12 \obeyspaces
+% /SetResolution {
+%     /setres where {
+%         /setres get exec
+%     }{
+%         pop
+%     } ifelse
+% } def
+% %%BeginFeature *SetResolution 400
+% 400 SetResolution
+% %%EndFeature
+% %%EndSetup
+%%\endgroup
+%
+% (This is the file {\tt resolution400.ps} supplied with NeWSprint.)
+% {\tt simpson@math.psu.edu} only got this work by downloading the code
+% via an extra header file, i.e., having this in the Dvips config file:
+%%\begingroup \tt \obeyspaces
+% M sparcptr
+% D 400
+% h resolution400.ps
+%%\endgroup
+%
+mode_def sparcptr =                 %\[ Sun SPARCprinter (400dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 400);
+  mode_param (blacker, .25);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+SparcPrinter := sparcptr;
+
+% From {\tt ee@dacth51.bitnet}.
+mode_def starnlt =                  %\[ Star NL-10 (240x216dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 240);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 216 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .4);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+StarNLOneZero := starnlt;
+
+mode_def starnltl =                 %\[ Star NL-10 landscape (216x240dpi)
+  starnlt_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+% From {\tt alejolo@sue.ideam.gov.co}, 26 November 1998.  I have tested
+% the default stylewriter mode in modes.mf v3.4 with Oz\TeX\ and my
+% StyleWriter II, and still output is too light, particularly the serifs
+% and thin cusps such as in CMR's small e, c, t, b and d. Thus I cooked
+% up this mode that prints output similar to a standard system font (I
+% compared text output with Minion Web as it comes with Internet
+% Explorer 4). In general I'd suggest that this mode definition is
+% apropriate for all inkjet printers using a BJC-02 ink cartridge.
+mode_def styletwo =                 %\[ Apple StyleWriter II (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0.25);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+swtwo := styletwo;
+
+% |stylewriter| mode added by Andrew Trevorrow
+% {\tt <akt@netspace.net.au>} for Oz\TeX users.  All
+% parameters (except |pixels_per_inch|) are the same as the |cx| mode so
+% that PK files can be shared by both types of printers.
+%
+% With |blacker=0|, hbar is indistinguishable for h, i.e., the bar
+% disappears.  Thus 0.1.  From Wulf Hofbauer {\tt <wh@echo.chem.TU-Berlin.DE>},
+% 5 June 1998.
+mode_def stylewri =                 %\[ Apple StyleWriter (360dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 360);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0.1);
+  mode_param (fillin, .2);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .6);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+stylewriter := stylewri;
+stylewr := stylewri;
+% From {\tt px@fct.unl.pt (Joaquim Baptista [pxQuim])}.  I find
+% |epstylus| far too dark.  It seems to me that plain values of 0 to
+% |blacker| and |fillin| work perfectly with values of |o_correction| in
+% the range of .6 to .8. I ended up using [this mode:]
+epstylwr := stylewri;
+% Andrew defines |sw| as well, but I am reluctant to use such a
+% potentially common identifier --{\tt kb@cs.umb.edu}, 8 October 1996.
+
+% From {\tt grunwald@foobar.colorado.edu}.  Sun monitors have several
+% different resolutions, but this seems the most common of the lot.
+% Use |pcscreen| for high-resolution monitors.
+mode_def sun =                      %\[ Sun and BBN Bitgraph (85dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 85);
+  mode_param (blacker, .35);
+  mode_param (fillin, .1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .3);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def supre =                    %\[ Ultre*setter (2400dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 2400);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+
+mode_def toshiba =                  %\[ Toshiba 13XX, EpsonLQ (180dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 180);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+epsonlq := toshiba;
+
+mode_def ultre =                    %\[ Ultre*setter (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+Prism := ultre;
+
+% From {\tt Martin.Ward@durham.ac.uk}.
+mode_def vs =                       %\[ VAXstation monitor (78dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 78);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+VAXstation := vs;
+gpx := vs;
+
+% From {\tt erikjan@icce.rug.nl}, 23 August 1991.
+mode_def vtftzz =                   %\[ Varityper 4200 B-P (1800dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1800);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+VarityperFourTwoZeroZero := vtftzz;
+
+% From {\tt mjm@as.arizona.edu}, 26 February 1992.
+mode_def vtftzzhi =                 %\[ Varityper 4300P (2400dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 2400);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+VarityperFourThreeZeroZeroHi := vtftzzhi;
+
+% From {\tt mjm@as.arizona.edu}, 26 February 1992.
+mode_def vtftzzlo =                 %\[ Varityper 4300P (1200dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 1200);
+  mode_param (blacker, 2); % used to be 3.5, see |lexmarkr| comments.
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+VarityperFourThreeZeroZeroLo := vtftzzlo;
+
+% From {\tt rocky@panix.com}.  This can also be used for the Autologic's
+% APS6 cut sheet dry process printer.  For that printer, perhaps
+% |blacker=0.8| is better. For the Varityper, though, at |blacker=0.8|
+% the dots of the umlaut start to fill in.  For |blacker<0.6|, the tops
+% and bottoms of lowercase g's and s's in {\tt cmr5} drop out.
+mode_def vtfzszw =                  %\[ Varitype 5060W, APS 6 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, .7);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+VarityperFiveZeroSixZeroW := vtfzszw;
+APSSixMed := vtfzszw;
+
+% The worst problem is toner irregularity.  This may be the same printer
+% as the IBM 4250.
+mode_def vtszz =                    %\[ Varityper Laser 600 (600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 600);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+VarityperSixZeroZero := vtszz;
+VTSix := vtszz;
+varityper := vtszz;
+
+% Some information about Xerox printers, from {\tt siemsen@barnard.usc.edu}:
+% The Docutech system and the 4135 have the same engine.
+% The 4050, 4075 and 4090 have the same engine.
+% The 4650 has a unique engine.
+% The 4850 has a unique engine.
+
+% From {\tt SamuelKey@comcast.net}, for enhanced resolution mode.  In
+% 600x600 mode, |ljfour| works ok.
+mode_def xpstzz =                   %\[ Xerox Phaser 6200DP (2400x600dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 2400);
+  mode_param (aspect_ratio, 600 / pixels_per_inch);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 1);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+XeroxPhaserSixTwoZeroZeroDP := xpstzz;
+
+mode_def xpstzzl =                  %\[ Xerox Phaser 6200DP landscape (600x2400dpi)
+  xpstzz_;
+  landscape;
+enddef;
+
+
+% From {\tt u12570@uicvm.uic.edu}.  These values are mostly guesses.
+mode_def xrxesnz =                  %\[ Xerox 8790 or 4045 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, 0.4);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, 0.2);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+XeroxEightSevenNineZero := xrxesnz;
+
+% From {\tt u12570@uicvm.uic.edu}.  Many variations for different fonts.
+% {\tt bart@cs.tamu.edu} says this works for the Xerox 4700, also.
+mode_def xrxfzfz =                  %\[ Xerox 4050/4075/4090/4700 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .7);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+XeroxFourZeroFiveZero := xrxfzfz;
+
+% From {\tt u12570@uicvm.uic.edu}.  He sent many variations of this,
+% for different fonts.  I don't know a reasonable way to put them in
+% yet, so this is just the basic entry.
+mode_def xrxnszz =                  %\[ Xerox 9700 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .7);
+  mode_param (fillin, 0);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+enddef;
+XeroxNineSevenZeroZero := xrxnszz;
+
+% From {\tt lee@sq.com}.  These values may be improvable.
+mode_def xrxtszz =                  %\[ Xerox 3700 (300dpi)
+  mode_param (pixels_per_inch, 300);
+  mode_param (blacker, .85);
+  mode_param (blacker_min, 2);
+  mode_param (fillin, -.1);
+  mode_param (o_correction, .5);
+  mode_common_setup_;
+  mode_write_white_setup_;
+enddef;
+XeroxThreeSevenZeroZero := xrxtszz;
+
+mode_def help =                     %\[ What modes are available?
+ for i = 1 upto number_of_modes:
+   message mode_name[i];
+ endfor;
+ % Doesn't make sense to be able to do this twice, so forget this
+ % definition after it's been used.
+ save ?;
+enddef;
+
+let ? = help_;
+
+% These variables determine the size of \MF's (window system)
+% window for online output.  These numbers should match whatever
+% the window system is told, or bizarre positioning of the output
+% in the window results.  Properly implemented online device drivers
+% will use these values as the default size.  The defaults here are
+% from {\tt plain.mf}.
+screen_rows := 400;
+screen_cols := 500;
+
+% The mode most commonly used to make fonts here.
+localfont := ljfour;
+
+%%\bye
+%%%% Local variables:
+%%%% page-delimiter: "^% here are"
+%%%% End:
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/ps2mfbas.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/ps2mfbas.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5b2519e563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/ps2mfbas.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+% ps2mfbase.mf
+def nonzerowinding =
+    cull currentpicture dropping (0,0);
+enddef;
+extra_endchar := extra_endchar & "nonzerowinding;";
+%
+smoothing := 0; autorounding := 0;
+turningcheck := 0;
+define_pixels (FX, FY);
+%
+picture chp [];
+pair p[];
+%
+def seac (expr achar, bchar, adx, ady) =
+    currentpicture := chp [bchar] + chp [achar] shifted (adx * FX, ady * FY);
+enddef;
+def endseacchar =
+    endgroup
+enddef;
+%
+def FuF (expr p_path) =
+    path this_path;
+    this_path = (p_path -- cycle);
+%    fill (this_path xscaled FX yscaled FY);
+    fill (this_path);
+enddef;
+%
+vardef lbl@#(text t) =
+    if proofing > 1:
+        forsuffixes $$=b,:
+            forsuffixes $=t:
+                makelabel@# (str$.$$, z$.$$);
+            endfor
+        endfor
+    fi
+enddef;
+% That's all, Folks!
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/rtest.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/rtest.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5e449aa7db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/rtest.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% try all characters on TEST.MF using the parameters of cmr10
+if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi % omit if CMMF can be assumed
+mode_setup;
+
+def generate suffix t= enddef;
+input cmr10; font_setup;
+
+let echar=endchar;
+def endchar= echar; stop "done with char "&decimal charcode&". " enddef;
+let iff=always_iff;
+
+input test;
+end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/test.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/test.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c2d81f03023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/test.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+cmchar "Lowercase thorn";
+beginchar(oct"015",10u#+serif_fit#,asc_height#,desc_depth#);
+italcorr .5x_height#*slant+min(.5curve#-.85u#,-.1u#);
+adjust_fit(serif_fit#,0);
+pickup tiny.nib; pos1(stem',0); pos2(stem,0);
+pos0'(stem',0); pos0(stem,0); z0l=z0'l; x0'=x1; x0=x2;
+lft x1l=hround(2.5u-.5stem'); top y1=h;
+numeric edge; edge=rt x2r;
+pickup fine.nib; pos3(if hefty:thin_join else: hair fi,180);
+pos4(vair',90); pos5(curve,0); pos6(vair,-90);
+rt x3l=1/3[rt x2,edge]; y3=1/8[bar_height,x_height];
+x4l=w-.5(w-serif_fit)+.5u; top y4r=x_height+oo;
+rt x5r=hround min(w-1.35u+.5curve,w-.6u); y5=.5x_height;
+x6=x3; bot y6r=-oo;
+(x,y4r)=whatever[z3l,z4l]; x4r:=min(x,.5[x5r,x4]);
+filldraw stroke z3e{up}...{right}z4e&super_arc.e(4,5)
+ &z5e{down}...{5(x6-x5),y6-y5}z6e;  % bowl
+y0=ypart(((edge,h)--(edge,0))intersectionpoint(z3l{up}...{right}z4l));
+pickup tiny.nib; bot y2=-d;
+filldraw stroke z1e--z0'e--z0e--z2e;  % stem
+pickup crisp.nib; pos8(hair,0); pos7'(stem,0);
+z7'=z2; x8l=x7'l; bot y8=0;
+filldraw stroke z7'e--z8e;  % point
+if serifs: sloped_serif.l(1,0',a,1/3,jut,serif_drop);  % upper serif
+ dish_serif(2,0,b,1/3,jut,c,1/3,0); fi  % lower serif
+penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,8); endchar;
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/waits.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/waits.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d23e0a00d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/waits.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+% This file can be loaded after PLAIN.MF.
+% It introduces conventions that are commonly used at WAITS.
+base_version:=base_version&"/WAITS";
+
+% The WAITS implementation allows an extended character set;
+% characters :=, <=, <>, and >= are put into the class with <, =, >, :, and |;
+% character ^^L (form feed) is in a class by itself, and is like an "outer" \.
+% Files containing these special characters should not be expected to work
+% elsewhere unless the following replacements are made:
+  let <= = <=;
+  let <> = <>;
+  let >= = >=;
+  let := = :=;
+
+% Say "boise_proof" on the command line, to get proofmode on boise
+def boise_proof = lcode_:=" /";
+ extra_setup:=extra_setup&"grayfont grbois;" enddef;
+
+screen_rows:=400; screen_cols:=480;
+
+% Here are conventions for local output devices:
+
+mode_def dover =  % dover mode: for the Xerox Dover
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=384;
+ blacker:=1.2;      % make pens somewhat blacker
+ fillin:=0;      % no compensation for fillin
+ o_correction:=.6;    % but don't overshoot as much
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def imagen =  % imagen mode: for the Imagen 8/300 (Canon engine)
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=300;
+ blacker:=0;      % Canon engine is black enough
+ fillin:=.2;      % and it tends to fill in diagonals
+ o_correction:=.6;    %
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def qms =    % qms mode: for the QMS (Xerox engine)
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=300;
+ blacker:=.75;      % (this value is conjectural)
+ fillin:=0;      % (ditto)
+ o_correction:=.5;    % (ditto)
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def aps =    % aps mode: for the Autologic APS-Micro5
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=1;      % yes, show titles online
+ pixels_per_inch:=722.909;    % that's roughly 10 per pt
+ blacker:=.2;      % make pens a teeny bit blacker
+ fillin:=.2;      % but compensate for diagonal fillin
+ o_correction:=1;      % and keep the full overshoot
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def crs =    % crs mode: for the Alphatype CRS
+  proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=1;      % yes, show titles online
+ begingroup interim warningcheck:=0;  % (we need to go past 4096)
+  pixels_per_inch:=4000+4000/3 endgroup;  % HIGH res
+ blacker:=4;      % make pens a lot blacker
+ fillin:=0;      % but don't compensate for fillin
+ o_correction:=1;      % and keep the full overshoot
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def boise =  % boise mode: for the HP 2680A
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=180;
+ blacker:=.55;      % make pens a bit blacker
+ fillin:=.1;      % and compensate for diagonal fillin
+ o_correction:=.3;    % but don't overshoot much
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def DD =  % DD mode: for the DataDisc (usually with mag=magstep 2=1.44)
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;      % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=70;    % really lowres
+ blacker:=0;      % don't make the pens any blacker
+ fillin:=0;        % and don't compensate for fillin
+ o_correction:=.2;      % but suppress most overshoots
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def canon =  % canon mode: for the old Imagen (Canon LBP10)
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=240;
+ blacker:=.2;      % make pens a wee bit blacker
+ fillin:=.2;      % and compensate for fillin
+ o_correction:=.4;    % but don't overshoot as much
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def newDD =  % newDD mode: for DataDisc with special aspect ratio
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=70;    % really lowres
+ blacker:=0;      % don't make the pens any blacker
+ fillin:=0;      % and don't compensate for fillin
+ o_correction:=.2;    % but suppress most overshoots
+ aspect_ratio:=4/3;    % this is the new feature...
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def cg =    % cg mode: for the Compugraphic 8600
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=1;      % yes, show titles online
+ pixels_per_inch:=1301.5;    % a bit less than 20 per pt
+ blacker:=.2;      % make pens a teeny bit blacker
+ fillin:=.2;      % but compensate for diagonal fillin
+ o_correction:=1;      % and keep the full overshoot
+ aspect_ratio:=1569/1301.5;    % strange, no?
+ enddef;
+
+mode_def epson =  % Epson
+ proofing:=0;      % no, we're not making proofs
+ fontmaking:=1;      % yes, we are making a font
+ tracingtitles:=0;    % no, don't show titles in the log
+ pixels_per_inch:=240;    % lowres
+ blacker:=0;      % don't make the pens any blacker
+ fillin:=0;      % and don't compensate for fillin
+ o_correction:=.2;    % but suppress most overshoots
+ aspect_ratio:=9/10;    % 216 dots/inch vertical
+ enddef;
+
+
+localfont:=imagen;
+
+% Finally, here are macros for Xerox-world font info:
+
+def font_family expr s =  % string s names the font family, e.g., "CMR"
+ headerbyte 49: BCPL_string(s,20);
+ special "identifier "&s enddef;
+def coding_scheme expr s = % string s names the scheme, e.g. "TEX TEXT"
+ headerbyte 9: BCPL_string(s,40);
+ special "codingscheme "&s enddef;
+def font_face_byte expr x = % integer x gives the family member number,
+ headerbyte 72: x;          % which should be between 0 and 255
+ special "fontfacebyte"; numspecial x enddef;
+
+def BCPL_string(expr s,n)= % string s becomes an n-byte BCPL string
+ for l:=if length(s)>=n: n-1 else: length(s) fi: l
+  for k:=1 upto l: , substring (k-1,k) of s endfor
+  for k:=l+2 upto n: , 0 endfor endfor enddef;
+
+Xerox_world:=1;    % users can say `if known Xerox_world:...fi'
+
+inner end;
+def bye=
+ if fontmaking>0: font_family font_identifier_;
+  coding_scheme font_coding_scheme_;
+  font_face_byte max(0,254-round 2designsize); fi
+ tracingstats:=1;  % at least for now we want this
+ end
+ enddef;
+
+outer bye,end;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/ztest.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/ztest.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..35d1489e275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/misc/ztest.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% try all characters on TEST.MF using the parameters of an unknown font
+if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi % omit if CMMF can be assumed
+mode_setup;
+
+def generate suffix t= enddef;
+input z; font_setup;
+
+let echar=endchar;
+def endchar= echar; stop "done with char "&decimal charcode&". " enddef;
+let iff=always_iff;
+
+input test;
+end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/roex/roex.mf b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/roex/roex.mf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbf6f8e35dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/metafont/roex/roex.mf
@@ -0,0 +1,1756 @@
+%%%%
+%%%% This file belongs to the ROEX package.
+%%%%
+%%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%%% MFT formatting commands
+%%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%% length quicksort
+%%% length cycle zang pos_turn neg_turn
+%%% good enc
+%%% labels makelabel
+%%% length make_cycle make_join make_cyclic_join make_end make_edge
+%%% point predir postdir upredir upostdir udir
+%%% dotprod det
+%%% subpath pos_subpath neg_subpath
+%%% message info_ro info_es
+%%% draw roex_default
+%%% -- &&
+%%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%%% \TeX formatting commands
+%%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%\vsize245mm
+%%\font\titfnt cmtt10 at 48 pt
+%%{\let\makefootline\empty \let\makeheadline\empty
+%%\vglue0ptplus1fill
+%%\centerline{\titfnt ROEX.MF}
+%%\bigskip
+%%\centerline{ver. 0.56 (Wednesday, October 25th, 1995)}
+%%\vfill\vfill\eject}
+%% % ---
+%% \vsize 245mm
+%% % an innocent formatting trick: the underscore character ending a name
+%% % will be typeset as an superscript asterisk
+%% \let\oriunderscore\_
+%% \newif\ifbgroupopen\bgroupopenfalse
+%% \def\altdblbackslash#1{\bgroup\bgroupopentrue\it#1}
+%% \def\optegroup{\ifbgroupopen\egroup\fi}
+%% \def\underscoreasasterisk#1{%
+%%   \ifx#1\relax\optegroup^*\else\oriunderscore#1\fi}
+%% \def\\#1{%
+%%   \let\_\underscoreasasterisk
+%%   \altdblbackslash{#1\relax}\optegroup
+%%   \let\_\oriunderscore}
+%% % ---
+%% \def\dblhyph{--}
+%% \def\8#1{\def\eightparm{#1}\mathrel{\mathcode`\.="8000 \mathcode`\-="8000
+%% \ifx\eightparm\dblhyph\setbox\shorthyf\hbox{\bf -\kern-.05em}\fi%
+%%  #1\unkern}} % `..' and `--'
+%% % ---
+%% \def\MP{{\tenlogo META}\-{\tenlogo POST}}
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% This is ROEX.MF file containing \MF definitions implementing
+% operations known as `remove overlap' and `expand stroke'.
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% Authors: \bf{}B. Jackowski, P. Pianowski, M. Ry\'cko \& S. Soko\l{}owski
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%                            H I S T O R Y
+% ver. 0.1 (1 / 9 VI 1994):
+%   * incunabula version
+% ver. 0.5 (15 VIII / 1 IX 1995):
+%   * pioneer version, released during the 9th Euro\TeX conference in Arnhem
+% ver. 0.55 (26 IX 1995):
+%   * if a single path is an argument to |remove_overlap|, removing
+%     of self-overlaps is performed, hence several adjustments, most
+%     significant changes were introduced in |is_far_enough| and
+%     |intersect_two_segments|; this ismprovement is, in fact, a prelude
+%     towards a more general approach
+%   * a bug trap added in |clean_path|
+%   * positioning of labels not forced in |mark_nodes|
+%   * |quicksort| more flexible
+%   * more statistics available (optionally) in |find_minimal_secant|
+%   * displaying information changed
+%   * \TeX formatting comments collected at the beginning of the file
+%   * a result of mental laps corrected in |build_node_structure|
+%     (minimal secant has nothing to do with minimal distance between nodes)
+%   * a silly bug removed in |prepare_input_data| (|W| instead of |W_|)
+%   This version was released during the CyrTUG-95 meeting in Moscow
+% ver. 0.56 (27 X 1995):
+%   * comments adjusted to a new distribution
+%   * the name |miter_limit| changed to |miter_size| in order to avoid
+%     misunderstanding, as in this implementation it is a dimen, while
+%     in PostScript it is a dimensionless quantity
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%                           S Y N O P S I S
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%
+% Such operations as `remove overlap' and `expand stroke' are perhaps
+% particularly useful in the contex of exporting data from \MF to other
+% languages, e.g., to PostScript or HP-GL. Therefore the file ROEX.MF has
+% been included into the MFTOEPS package (which accomplishes export from \MF
+% to Encapsulated PostScript), although it can be used by ``normal'' \MF
+% users, too. Therefore our favourite macros (e.g., |pos_turn|, |neg_turn|,
+% |make_list|), are defined identically in both ROEX and MFTOEPS.
+%
+% We hope that tiny adjustments, if any, should be sufficient for transforming
+% the macros to the form accepted by both \MF and \MP.
+%
+% Sample \MF programs (i.e., simple examples) illustrating the use of the
+% ``interface'' macros, i.e., |remove_overlap|, |expand_stroke| and
+% |change_weight|, can be found in a subdirectory ROEXSAMP. It is instructive
+% to generate EPS files and then to play around with the results using
+% CorelDRAW! or Adobe Illustrator.
+%
+%
+% REMOVING OVERLAPS
+%
+% The command |remove_overlap_| requires three parameters. The first
+% parameter is a list of paths to be processed; the paths are assumed to
+% have a non-zero |turningnumber| and no self intersecting points (no
+% checking is performed, except that non-cyclic paths are ignored).
+% The second parameter is a list (possibly empty) of weights assigned
+% to paths; more exactly, it is a list of pairs |(i,w.i)|, where |i| is
+% the order number of a path and |w.i| is the respective weight.
+% If the weight is not specified it is assumed to be equal to |1|.
+% The last parameter is a suffix, i.e., the name of the resulting data
+% structure; given a suffix is |R|, |R.num| is the number of the resulting
+% paths, and |R1|, |R2|, ..., |R[R.num]| are the paths. If the suffix
+% contains an index, e.g., |P[x]q|, the user is responsible for providing
+% appropriate declarations prior to calling |remove_overlap|,
+% in this case: |numeric P[\\]q.num; path P[\\]q[\\]|. If a variable
+% |append_results| is assigned a definite value (by default it is undefined),
+% |R.num| is not zeroed at the stage of initialisation, thus the results
+% are accumulated (see example ROES-02.MF in the subdirectory ROEXSAMP).
+%
+% The algorithm assumes that a path |p| fills its interior with the colour
+% |w*turningnumber(p)|, where |w| is the weight assigned to |p|. If an
+% area is coloured by several paths, the colors are summed up. The user
+% decides which areas are the resulting ones. By default, these are areas
+% which have the interior painted with a colour $\ge1$ and the exterior
+% painted with a colour $\le0$. There is a two-parameter function
+% (parameters are numbers) that can be redefined by a user, |good_colors|,
+% which governs the decision. The user is responsible for a proper definition
+% of this function (the formula |good_colors(m,n) and good_colors(n,m)| must
+% be false; cf. the default definition of |good_colors| at the end of this
+% file). There is also a variable |background_color|, by default equal to |0|,
+% which determines the colour of the Euclidian plane. One more function that
+% is meant to be redefined by the user, if needed, is one-parameter function
+% |touch_path|; the function is applied to every input path at the stage of
+% initialisation, and can be used, e.g., for adjusting the direction of paths
+% (cf. example RO-04.MF in the subdirectory ROEXSAMP).
+%
+% The orientation of paths generated by the |remove_overlap| macro is defined
+% in such a way that in order to fill the resulting figure the internal
+% variable |turningcheck| should be set to zero prior to using the |fill|
+% command.
+%
+% Examples:
+%  Assume that paths |A|, |B| and |C| are defined as follow (say, |w=h=1cm|):
+%    |A=unitsquare xscaled 1/5w yscaled h shifted (2/5w,0);|
+%    |B=A rotatedaround((1/2w,1/2h), 60);|
+%    |C=B rotatedaround((1/2w,1/2h), 60);|
+%  Calling
+%    |remove_overlap (A,B,C) () R;|
+%  will result in generating a single path |R1| (|R.num=1|) of a six-arm
+%  propeller shape. Adding one more path:
+%    |D=reverse fullcircle scaled 3/4w shifted (1/2w,1/2h);|
+%  and calling
+%    |remove_overlap (A,B,C,D) ((4,2)) R;|
+%  (|D| has weight |=2|) will result in generating seven objects: six
+%  ``tips'' of a propeler and a regular hexagon in the center. Try to guess
+%  what would be the result of
+%  |remove_overlap (A,B,C,D) () R;|
+%  Not all paths need to intersect. For example, the following set of paths
+%    |A=fullcircle scaled w shifted (1/2w,1/2h);|
+%    |B=reverse unitsquare xscaled 1/5w yscaled 3/5w shifted (2/5w,1/5w);|
+%    |C=B rotatedaround((1/2w,1/2h), 90);|
+%  after calling
+%    |remove_overlap (A,B,C) () R;|
+%  will yield a circle surrounding a white cross. Since the orientation
+%  of the resulting paths is important here, the |fill| commands should be
+%  preceded by
+%    |interim turningcheck:=0;|
+%  assignment.
+%
+%
+% EXPANDING STROKES
+%
+% Expanding stroke means finding the trace of the outline of an imaginary pen
+% moving along a path. There are two commands accomplishing expanding stroke:
+% |expand_stroke| and |change_weight|. Both make use of the essentially the
+% same algorithm, except that the latter finds only one edge and ignores
+% non-cyclic paths. Both commands require three parameters: first and third
+% are analogous to the parameters of the |expand_stroke| macro (see above),
+% the second denotes the radius (not diameter) of the circular pen.
+% The algorithm works in such a way that the result of the |expand_stroke|
+% does not depend on the direction of a path for cyclic paths, namely,
+% the outer edge is always positively directed and the inner is negatively
+% directed, provided the radius is positive; if the radius is negative,
+% the outer edge is negatively directed and the inner one---positively.
+% For non-cyclic paths positive radius yields positively directed resulting
+% paths, negative radius---negatively oriented paths. Although the macro
+% |change_weight| is subdued to the same rules, the result depends both
+% on the direction of a path and on the sign of a radius. Let |t| and |r|
+% denote the turning number and the radius, respectively; there are
+% four cases:
+%   1) |t>0| and |r>0|: the resulting path is an outer edge positively
+%      directed,
+%   2) |t>0| and |r<0|: the resulting path is an inner edge positively
+%      directed,
+%   3) |t<0| and |r>0|: the resulting path is an inner edge negatively
+%      directed,
+%   4) |t<0| and |r<0|: the resulting path is an outer edge negatively
+%      directed.
+% Following PostScript, we introduced three variables which govern the shape
+% of joins and ends: |join_kind| (corresponds to |setlinejoin|), |end_kind|
+% (corresponds to |setlinecap|) and |miter_size| (corresponds, as the name
+% suggest, to |setmiterlimit|; however, here |miter_size| is a dimen,
+% while in PostScript miter limit is a dimensionless quantity).
+% Currently both |join_kind| and |end_kind| can receive value |0| or |1|,
+% while in PostScript value |2| is also admissible. (The latter option
+% will perhaps be included also into the ROEX package some day, but more
+% tempting is the implementation of extrapolated non-linear joins.)
+% Since the interpretation of |miter_size| (dimen) is slightly different than
+% the interpretation of |miter_limit| (a number), |miter_size| must merely
+% be non-negative, while |miter_limit| must be greater than or equal to $1$.
+% Roughly speaking, value |0| for |join_kind| and |end_kind| denotes cusp
+% joins, cut if necessary at miter limit; value |1| denotes rounded rounded
+% joins (for details see, e.g., ``PostScript Language Reference Manual,''
+% second ed., Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Ltd.).
+%
+% Example:
+%  Assume that a path |A| is simply a square (say, |w=h=1cm|):
+%    |A=unitsquare scaled w;|
+%  After calling
+%    |expand_stroke(A)(1mm)R;|
+%  |R1| is a positively directed square of side |12mm|, and |R2| is
+%  negatively directed square of side |8mm|.
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%        C A V E A T S ,    H I N T S    A N D    C O M M E N T S
+% * The employed algorithms expect that the results are well defined;
+%   if the data are weird (e.g., self-loooping path are supplied)
+%   the results, if any, may be weird as well.
+% * The case of curves partially overlapping is not handled and, frankly
+%   speaking, we have no idea how to implement it efficiently and robustly;
+%   if there are such pairs of paths in the input data, the algorithm almost
+%   certainly will not produce good results.
+% * Only circular pens are implemented so far.
+% * Be aware of rounding errors, they may cause unpredictable results;
+%   in some cases increasing accuracy by using a higher resolution may
+%   help, but more adequate seems to be preparing better data (cf. the
+%   program RO-07.MF in the subdirectory ROEXSAMP).
+% * Comments in the code are meant primarily for the authors; the user
+%   is kindly requested not to complain fiercely if they are of a little
+%   use to her/him.
+% * Unfortunately, \MF has no error-handling facility, hence a lot of
+%   ``bug traps'' can be found in the code; messages issued in the case
+%   of falling into such a trap are rather useless if you don't know the
+%   details of the algorithm; this part of the program is certainly to be
+%   improved; usually the error help says ``Better stop now! Algorithm
+%   failed'' and this advice should be followed; in practice this means that
+%   \MF is not able to recognize the details of the picture because of
+%   very close nodes (intersection points).
+% * Usually, the first stage of removing overlaps (finding all intersection
+%   points) is the longest one, the more segments paths have the longer it
+%   lasts; a pity that \MF has no built-in function informing about all
+%   intersection points/times of two B\'ezier curves.
+% * Improper definition of |good_colors| may result in erroneous behaviour of
+%   the algorithm.
+% * One peculiar case is considered by the expanding stroke algorithm,
+%   namely cyclic path of length 2; some more cases might have been taken
+%   into account...
+% * There remain a lot of unsolved problems with numerical instability
+%   connected with detecting tangent and close points.
+% * In The \MF{}book, p. 229, D. E. Knuth writes:
+%     ``...tiny little loops won't hurt anything if you are filling cycles
+%       in the correct direction.''
+%   Cf. also preceding dangerous band paragraph and exercise on pp. 228--229.
+%   ROEX does much more complex things with paths than merely filling them,
+%   hence tiny loops may cause some mess, the more so as the built-in
+%   function |turningnumber| is very sensitive to such loops, e.g., it may
+%   happen that |turningnumber(p)=1| while |turningnumber(reverse p)=0|
+%   (cf. example RO-6.MF in the subdirectory ROEXSAMP); hence a hopefully
+%   more robust (from the point of view of this application) function
+%   is used, |check_turn|, which makes use of \MF's |fill| operation.
+% * There remain several suboptimal algorithms employed, partially on
+%   purpose: less efficient algorithms are usually (although not necessarily)
+%   more comprehensible and flexible (easier to modify), which is important
+%   at the stage of developing a program.
+% * Parameters that may have influence on the process of removing
+%   overlaps are |epsil.time|, |epsil.ang| (in degrees), |epsil.dist| (in
+%   resolution-dependent units), and |max_idx|; the choice of good default
+%   values will need some practice.
+% * Incompatible modifications may come, although we shall do our best
+%   to avoid them.
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% We follow the naming convention of The \MF{}book:
+% ``Private tokens always end with the underscore character.''
+% Since the underscore is a rather illegible character, in a ``neat''
+% printing (using MFT utility) it will appear as an superscript asterisk.
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%                          D E F I N I T I O N S
+% ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% UNIVERSAL MACROS:
+% ---
+% Without the following redefinition:
+def -- = {curl 1} .. tension (1+eps) .. {curl 1} enddef;
+% the result of |p intersectiontimes reverse p|, where |p=(a,b)--(a+3c,b+3d)|,
+% |a|, |b|, |c|, |d| are arbitrary (sic!) \MF's numbers, yields the result
+% |(1/2,1/2)|, which contradicts the statement preceding the exercise 14.17
+% on the page 137 of The \MF{}book. Since it is no longer a ``standard''
+% macro, its formatting is slightly modified.
+% ---
+%%% length ]]] ]]]]
+%%% ; ]
+def ]]] = ] ] ] enddef;
+def ]]]] = ] ] ] ] enddef; % right brackets should be loners, indeed
+%%% ) ] ]] ]]] ]]]]
+% ---
+vardef distance(expr za,zb) = length(za-zb) enddef; % in fact, an alias
+% ---
+vardef interval(expr ta,tb,p) =
+ save ta_,tb_;
+ if cycle p:
+  ta_:=ta mod length(p); tb_:=tb mod length(p);
+  min(length(p)-abs(ta_-tb_), abs(ta_-tb_))
+ else:
+  ta_:=min(max(0,ta),length(p)); tb_:=min(max(0,tb),length(p));
+  abs(ta_-tb_)
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def make_list(expr k,l) suffix s =
+ for i_:=k upto l: if i_>k: , fi \\ s[i_] endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef dec_pair(expr z) =
+ "(" & decimal(xpart z) & "," & decimal(ypart z) & ")"
+enddef;
+% ---
+primarydef u det v = % dual operation to |dotprod|
+ (xpart u * ypart v - xpart v * ypart u)
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef zang(expr u,v) = % useful during testing
+% computes the angle form |u| to |v| (useful for testing)
+ angle(u dotprod v,u det v) mod 360 % CAVEAT! rounding errors
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef turn_ang(expr za,zb) = % more robust version of |zang|
+% The idea of computing the turn angle is based on the following observation:
+% |z reflectedabout (origin,right)=1/z| for a complex number |z| such that
+% |abs(z)=1|; recall also that multiplication of complex numbers
+% (|zscaled| operation) implies addition of their angle arguments.
+ if (abs(za)>=epsil.len) and (abs(zb)>=epsil.len): % |eps| may be not enough
+  angle(unitvector(za) zscaled (unitvector(zb) reflectedabout (origin,right)))
+ else: whatever fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def predir expr t of p = ((point t of p)-(precontrol t of p)) enddef;
+def postdir expr t of p = ((postcontrol t of p)-(point t of p)) enddef;
+def udir expr t of p = unitvector(direction t of p) enddef;
+def upredir expr t of p = unitvector(predir t of p) enddef;
+def upostdir expr t of p = unitvector(postdir t of p) enddef;
+% ---
+vardef pos_turn primary p =
+ interim autorounding:=0;
+ if check_turn(p)=0: show p;
+  errhelp "I will leave the path intact, continue with crossed fingers.";
+  errmessage "Cannot make positive turn (check_turn=0)";
+ elseif check_turn(p)<0: reverse fi \\ p
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef neg_turn primary p =
+ interim autorounding:=0;
+ if check_turn(p)=0: show p;
+  errhelp "I will leave the path intact, continue with crossed fingers.";
+  errmessage "Cannot make negative turn (check_turn=0)";
+ elseif check_turn(p)>0: reverse fi \\ p
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef check_turn primary p = % seems more adequate than |turningnumber|
+% |epsilon|=|totalweight currentpicture| after |fill unitsquare|,
+% |eps/epsilon=32|, i.e., we admit accuracy of 32 pixels (isn't it too many?)
+ save r_,currentpicture; picture currentpicture;
+ interim turningcheck:=0; interim autorounding:=0;
+ currentpicture:=nullpicture; fill p; r_:=totalweight(currentpicture);
+ if r_>eps: 1 elseif r_<-eps: -1 else: turningnumber(p) fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def check_embedding(expr a,b)(suffix res) =
+begingroup
+% see comment in |check_turn|
+ save napb_,panb_,currentpicture; picture currentpicture;
+ interim turningcheck:=0; interim autorounding:=0;
+ currentpicture:=nullpicture; fill pos_turn a; fill neg_turn b; cullit;
+ panb_:=totalweight currentpicture;
+ currentpicture:=nullpicture; fill neg_turn a; fill pos_turn b; cullit;
+ napb_:=totalweight currentpicture;
+ if (panb_<eps) and (napb_<>0): res:=1; % $a \subset b$
+ elseif (panb_<>0) and (napb_<eps): res:=2; % $b \subset a$
+ else: res:=0; fi % undefined result
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef pos_subpath expr z of p =
+ if not cycle p: subpath z of p
+ else:
+  if xpart(z)<=ypart(z): subpath z of p
+  else: subpath (xpart(z),ypart(z)+length(p)) of p
+  fi
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef neg_subpath expr z of p =
+ if not cycle p: subpath z of p
+ else: reverse(pos_subpath (ypart z,xpart z) of p) fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+tertiarydef p && q = % |length(p)>0|
+  (subpath(0,length(p)-1) of p) ..
+   controls (postcontrol length(p)-1 of p) and (precontrol length(p) of p)
+   .. q
+enddef;
+% ---
+def make_cycle expr p = % |length(p)>0|
+  (subpath(0,length(p)-1) of p) ..
+   controls (postcontrol length(p)-1 of p) and (precontrol length(p) of p)
+   .. cycle
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef is_line(expr B) =
+% checks if a B\'ezier segment |B| is an almost straight line;
+% recall that |z reflectedabout (origin,right)=1/z| for a complex
+% number |z| such that |length(z)=1|; recall also that the multiplication
+% of complex numbers (|zscale| operation) implies the addition of
+% their angle arguments
+ save pa_,pb_,pc_,pd_,ba_,da_,dc_; pair pa_,pb_,pc_,pd_,ba_,da_,dc_;
+ pa_:=point 0 of B; pd_:=point 1 of B;
+ if distance(pa_,pd_)<epsil.dist:
+  false % either really not a line or an uncertain situation (rounding errors)
+ else:
+  da_=unitvector(pd_-pa_) reflectedabout (origin,right);
+  pb_:=postcontrol 0 of B; if distance(pa_,pb_)<epsil.dist: pb_:=pa_; fi
+  pc_:=precontrol 1 of B; if distance(pd_,pc_)<epsil.dist: pc_:=pd_; fi
+  if (pa_=pb_) and (pc_=pd_): true
+  elseif (pa_=pb_):
+   dc_=unitvector(pd_-pc_); abs(angle(dc_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang
+  elseif (pc_=pd_):
+   ba_=unitvector(pb_-pa_); abs(angle(ba_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang
+  else:
+   ba_=unitvector(pb_-pa_); dc_=unitvector(pd_-pc_);
+   (abs(angle(ba_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang)
+    and (abs(angle(dc_ zscaled da_))<epsil.ang)
+  fi
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef is_tiny_bez(expr B) =
+% checks if B\'ezier segment |B| is negligibly small
+ (distance((postcontrol 0 of B),(point 0 of B))<epsil.dist)
+ and (distance((precontrol 1 of B),(point 0 of B))<epsil.dist)
+ and (distance((point 1 of B),(point 0 of B))<epsil.dist)
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef are_parallel(expr B,C) =
+% checks if B\'ezier segments |B| and |C| are linear and parallel
+save a_;
+ if is_line(B) and is_line(C):
+  a_:=turn_ang((point 0 of B)-(point 1 of B),(point 0 of C)-(point 1 of C));
+  (if known a_: abs(a_)<epsil.ang else: false fi)
+ else: false fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef tidy_lines(expr P) =
+% converts almost linear segments of a path |P| into a ``tidy'' lines (|--|)
+ save B_; path B_;
+ for i_:=1 upto length(P): if i_>1: & fi
+  hide(B_:=subpath (i_-1,i_) of P)
+  if is_line(B_): ((point 0 of B_)--(point 1 of B_)) else: B_ fi
+ endfor if cycle P: & cycle fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def add_bez(expr ta,tb, p) =
+ .. controls (postcontrol ta of p) and (precontrol tb of p) .. (point tb of p)
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef clean_path(expr P) =
+% this routine joins together colinear neighbouring segments and removes
+% ``tiny'' edges of a cyclic path |P| (performed at the end of removing
+% overlaps and expanding stroke); since some nodes may become ``midline''
+% ones after cleaning, the operation is performed twice
+ if cycle P:
+  save P_,for_del_,not_del_,i_,j_; path P_;
+% mark all deletable nodes and one non-deletable node:
+  for i_:=0 upto length(P)-1:
+   if are_parallel(subpath (i_-1,i_) of P,subpath (i_,i_+1) of P)
+     or is_tiny_bez(subpath(i_-1,i_) of P):
+    for_del_[i_]:=1;
+   else:
+    not_del_:=i_;
+   fi
+  endfor;
+% BUG TRAP:
+  if unknown not_del_:
+   err_helpless;
+   errmessage "ROEX ERROR: all nodes deleted during path cleaning";
+  fi
+% delete nodes:
+  i_:=j_:=not_del_; % we start with |not_del_|: one of not deleted points
+  P_:=(point j_ of P)
+   forever:
+% invariant: |i_| recent not deleted point, |j_| current point
+    hide(j_:=(j_+1) mod length(P))
+    if unknown for_del_[j_]: add_bez(i_,j_,P) \\ hide(i_:=j_) fi
+   exitif j_=not_del_;
+   endfor & cycle;
+  tidy_lines(P_)
+ else: P fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef is_less(expr a,b) = (a<b) enddef;
+vardef quicksort@#(expr ii,jj)(suffix s)(text t) =
+% sorts |@#.s[ii..jj]| along with |@#.$[ii..jj]| for |$| in |t|,
+% using Tony Hoare's ``quick sort'' method; suffix |s| must must not occur
+% in the |t| list (no checking is performed); if both |s| and |t| are empty,
+% |t| is ignored.
+% REMARK 1: the algorithm has no explicit recursion, because of \MF's limits
+%           on recursion level.
+% REMARK 2: the algorithm, of course, is not stable, i.e., it does not
+%           preserve the order of equal items, but it does not matter here
+ save i_,j_,k_,l_,cell_,stack_,incl_t_; boolean incl_t_;
+ pair stack_[\\]; stack_.lev:=0; stack_[incr stack_.lev]:=(ii,jj);
+ i_:=0; for $:=t: i_:=i_+1; endfor % ``measure'' |t|-list
+ incl_t_:=(str s <> "") or ((str s = "") and (i_<>0));
+ forsuffixes $:= s if incl_t_: , t fi:
+  if numeric @#.$[ii]: numeric cell_.$;
+  elseif string @#.$[ii]: string cell_.$;
+  elseif boolean @#.$[ii]: boolean cell_.$;
+  fi
+ endfor
+ forever:
+ exitif stack_.lev<=0;
+  numeric i_,j_; (i_,j_)=stack_[stack_.lev]; stack_.lev:=stack_.lev-1;
+  if i_<j_:
+   forsuffixes $:= s if incl_t_: , t fi: cell_.$:=@#.$[i_]; endfor
+   l_:=i_;
+   for k_:=i_+1 upto j_:
+    if is_less(@#.s[k_],cell_.s):
+     forsuffixes $:=s if incl_t_: , t fi:
+      @#.$[l_]:=@#.$[k_]; @#.$[k_]:=@#.$[l_+1];
+     endfor
+     l_:=l_+1;
+    fi
+   endfor
+   forsuffixes $:= s if incl_t_: , t fi: @#.$[l_]:=cell_.$; endfor
+   stack_[incr stack_.lev]:=(i_,l_-1); stack_[incr stack_.lev]:=(l_+1,j_);
+  fi
+ endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+% R-O MACROS:
+% ---
+% visualising macros (useful for testing):
+% ---
+def mark_nodes =
+ if proofing>0:
+  for i_:=1 upto NODE_.num:
+   makelabel(decimal(i_) & ":" & decimal(NODE_.pth[i_]),
+    point TIME_[NODE_.pth[i_]]tim[NODE_.tim[i_]] of PATH_[NODE_.pth[i_]]);
+  endfor
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def mark_area(expr i) =
+begingroup
+ save j_,v_; j_:=i; mark_edge(j_); v_[j_]:=0;
+ forever: j_:=EDGE_.out[j_]; exitif (j_=i) or (known v_.emerg);
+  if known v_[j_]: v_.emerg:=0; else: mark_edge(j_); v_[j_]:=0; fi
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def mark_edge(expr i) =
+begingroup
+ if proofing>0:
+  save currentpen, currentpen_path; pen currentpen; path currentpen_path;
+  makelabel(decimal(i),
+   (point .5length(the_edge(i)) of the_edge(i))+
+   1pt*(udir .5length(the_edge(i)) of the_edge(i)) rotated 90);
+  pickup pencircle scaled 1;
+  draw (point .5length(the_edge(i)) of the_edge(i))--
+   ((point .5length(the_edge(i)) of the_edge(i))+
+   (1pt*(udir .5length(the_edge(i)) of the_edge(i)) rotated 90));
+  makelabel("", point 0 of the_edge(i));
+ fi
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def mark_edges =
+ for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num: if i_<>0: mark_edge(i_); fi endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+def show_area(expr i) =
+begingroup
+ save j_,v_; j_:=i;
+ message "EDGE " & decimal(j_) & "/" & decimal(EDGE_.pth[j_]) & ":";
+ message "color " &
+  if known EDGE_.col[j_]: decimal(EDGE_.col[j_]) else: "???" fi;
+ v_[j_]:=0;
+ forever: j_:=EDGE_.out[j_]; exitif (j_=i) or (known v_.emerg);
+  if known v_[j_]: v_.emerg:=0; fi
+  v_[j_]:=0; message "  " & decimal(j_) & "/" & decimal(EDGE_.pth[j_]);
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def show_areas =
+ for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num: if i_<>0: show_area(i_); fi endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+def err_helpless =
+ errhelp "Better stop now! Algorithm failed.";
+enddef;
+% ---
+def err_extra_info(expr i,j) =
+ message
+"========================== BEGIN OF ERROR INFO: ==========================";
+ for k_:=i,j:
+  if known k_:
+   message "Edge " & decimal(k_) &
+    " (a subpath of the path " & decimal(EDGE_.pth[k_]) & "):";
+   message "Color:"; show EDGE_.col[k_]; show the_edge(k_);
+  fi
+ endfor;
+enddef;
+% ---
+% principal macros:
+% ---
+vardef edge_path(expr i) = PATH_[EDGE_.pth[i]] enddef;
+vardef first_time(expr i) =
+ TIME_[NODE_.pth[EDGE_.fnd[i]]]tim[NODE_.tim[EDGE_.fnd[i]]]
+enddef;
+vardef last_time(expr i) =
+ TIME_[NODE_.pth[EDGE_.lnd[i]]]tim[NODE_.tim[EDGE_.lnd[i]]]
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef the_edge(expr i) =
+ if i>0: pos_subpath else: neg_subpath fi
+  (first_time(i), last_time(i)) of edge_path(i)
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef make_area(expr i) =
+ save j_,q_,v_; path q_; j_:=i; v_[j_]:=0; q_:=the_edge(j_);
+ forever: j_:=EDGE_.out[j_]; exitif (j_=i) or (known v_.emerg);
+  if known v_[j_]:
+   show_area(i); err_helpless;
+   errmessage "RO ERROR: Edge " & decimal(j_) & " revisited";
+   v_.emerg:=0;
+  fi
+  v_[j_]:=0; q_:=q_ && the_edge(j_);
+ endfor
+ make_cycle(q_)
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef is_tangent(expr i,j,k,l) =
+ save e_,d_,pi_,pj_,ti_,tj_; path e_,pi_,pj_;
+ if (TIME_[i]num=0) or (TIME_[j]num=0): true
+ else:
+  ti_.loc:=TIME_[i]tim[k];
+  ti_.prv:=TIME_[i]tim[(k-1) mod (TIME_[i]num+1)];
+  ti_.nxt:=TIME_[i]tim[(k+1) mod (TIME_[i]num+1)];
+  tj_.loc:=TIME_[j]tim[l];
+  tj_.prv:=TIME_[j]tim[(l-1) mod (TIME_[j]num+1)];
+  tj_.nxt:=TIME_[j]tim[(l+1) mod (TIME_[j]num+1)];
+  pi_:=PATH_[i] shifted (-point ti_.loc of PATH_[i]);
+  pj_:=PATH_[j] shifted (-point tj_.loc of PATH_[j]);
+  d_:=min(
+   distance(point ti_.loc of pi_, point ti_.prv of pi_),
+   distance(point ti_.loc of pi_, point ti_.nxt of pi_),
+   distance(point tj_.loc of pj_, point tj_.prv of pj_),
+   distance(point tj_.loc of pj_, point tj_.nxt of pj_));
+% BUG TRAP 1:
+  if d_<epsil.dist:
+   err_helpless;
+   errmessage "RO ERROR: Cannot check tangency (too short secants)";
+  fi
+  e_:=enc.pth scaled (1/2[epsil.dist,d_]);
+  save ta_,tb_,tc_,td_;
+  save tt_;
+  (tt_,ta_)=(pos_subpath (ti_.prv,ti_.loc) of pi_) intersectiontimes e_;
+  save tt_;
+  (tt_,tb_)=(pos_subpath (ti_.loc,ti_.nxt) of pi_) intersectiontimes e_;
+  save tt_;
+  (tt_,tc_)=(pos_subpath (tj_.prv,tj_.loc) of pj_) intersectiontimes e_;
+  save tt_;
+  (tt_,td_)=(pos_subpath (tj_.loc,tj_.nxt) of pj_) intersectiontimes e_;
+% BUG TRAP 2:
+  if (ta_<0) or (tb_<0) or (tc_<0) or (td_<0):
+   err_helpless; errmessage "RO ERROR: Cannot check tangency";
+  fi
+  forsuffixes tt_:=tb_,tc_,td_: tt_:=(tt_-ta_) mod enc.len; endfor
+  ((tc_>=tb_) and (td_>=tb_)) or ((tc_<=tb_) and (td_<=tb_))
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef multi_path_case = PATH_.num>1 enddef;
+def prepare_input_data(text P)(text W) =
+% |P|: list of paths to be processed (non-cyclic paths are ignored);
+% |W|: list of weights given as pairs: (index, value)
+ PATH_.num:=0;
+ for P_:=P: if cycle P_: PATH_[incr PATH_.num]:=touch_path(P_); fi endfor
+ for W_:=W: PATH_.wei[xpart W_]:=ypart W_; endfor
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  if unknown PATH_.wei[i_]: PATH_.wei[i_]:=1; fi
+ endfor
+enddef;
+% ---
+def initialise_removing_overlaps =
+% Given paths are |PATH_1|, |PATH_2|, ..., |PATH_[P.num]|;
+% if |PATH_[i][j]| is known, paths |PATH_[i]| and |PATH_[j]| at least touch
+% each other; |PATH_.wei[i]| is a weight of a path (corresponds to
+% multiplying a turning number by this value or, in other words, to
+% applying |PATH_.wei[i]| times a fill operation to the path |PATH_[i]|).
+numeric PATH_.num, PATH_[\\][\\], PATH_.wei[\\]; path PATH_[\\];
+%
+% Lone paths are stored in variable |LONE_|; |LONE_.col[i]| determines
+% the color (being an integer number) of the plane surrounding the path
+% |LONE_[i]|; |LONE_.wei| is a weight inherited from |PATH_.wei| (see above).
+numeric LONE_.num, LONE_.col[\\], LONE_.wei[\\]; path LONE_[\\];
+%
+% |TIME_[i]num| is the number of intersection points for paths |PATH_[i]|,
+% |TIME_[i]tim[j]| is the time of intersection of the |j|-th point of path
+% |PATH_[i]| (points are sorted with respect to time), |TIME_[i]ntp[j]|
+% marks non-tangent points (if known), |TIME_[i]nod[j]| is the node number
+% of |j|-th point of path |PATH_[i]| (only non-tangent points are considered
+% to be nodes, points on a path are numbered from |0|).
+numeric TIME_[\\]num, TIME_[\\]tim[\\], TIME_[\\]ntp[\\], TIME_[\\]nod[\\];
+%
+% Variables with prefix |EDGE_| describe the edge structure that results from
+% intersecting process; the data structure is similar to Dijkstra's data
+% structure for the algorithm finding the convex hull of for a given
+% set of points (E. W. Dijkstra, ``A Discipline of programming'',
+% Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976): the edges (edsges?) are numbered
+% |-EDGE_.num|, |-EDGE_.num+1|, ..., |-1|, |1|, ... |EDGE_.num-1|,
+% |EDGE_.num|; edges |i| and |-i| are in fact the same edge but
+% differently oriented, the positive value denotes the edge which
+% direction is consistent with the direction of the original path;
+% |EDGE_.out[i]| is the number of the leftmost edge outcoming from
+% the last node, i.e., |EDGE_.lnd[i]|; the number of the first node
+% of |i|-th edge is |EDGE_.fnd[i]|; color of |i|-th edge, i.e., the color
+% of the area surrounded by the edge and its leftmost successors is stored
+% in |EDGE_.col[i]|; |i|-th edge belongs to the path of |PATH_[EDGE_.pth[i]]|;
+% |EDGE_.aux[\\]| is an auxiliary variable; all intersecting paths
+% can be grouped into |SPOT_.num| of disjoint ``spots''; for |i=1|, |2|, ...,
+% |SPOT_.num|, |EDGE_.bed[i]| is the number of the edge which leftmost
+% successors form the area being a boundary of the intersecting paths
+% for a given spot and |EDGE_.bpa[i]| is the boundary (since there is
+% one-to-one correspondence between boundaries and spots, boundaries are
+% pairwise disjoint, too).
+numeric EDGE_.num, EDGE_.pth[\\], EDGE_.out[\\], EDGE_.aux[\\], EDGE_.col[\\],
+ EDGE_.fnd[\\], EDGE_.lnd[\\], EDGE_.are[\\], EDGE_.bed[\\];
+path EDGE_.bpa[\\];
+%
+% Variables with prefix |NODE_| describe the node structure and are related
+% to the edge structure; the node is not a point on a plane but a point on a
+% path, hence several nodes may correspond to one Euclidian point;
+% |NODE_.num| is the number of nodes, |NODE_.pth[i]| is the number of a path
+% to which the node |i| belongs, |NODE_.tim[i]| is the corresponding time on
+% path |PATH_[NODE_.pth[i]]|, |NODE_.ped[i]| is the ordering number of a
+% positively-numbered edge leaving the node |i|, |NODE_.ned[i]| is the
+% ordering number of negatitively-numbered edge leaving node |i|,
+% |NODE_.nod[i]num| is the number of nodes coinciding with node |i| and
+% these are nodes |NODE_.nod[i]1|, |NODE_.nod[i]2|, ...,
+% |NODE_.nod[i][NODE_.nod[i]num]|.
+numeric NODE_.num, NODE_.pth[\\], NODE_.tim[\\], NODE_.ned[\\],
+ NODE_.ped[\\], NODE_.nod[\\]num, NODE_.nod[\\][\\];
+%
+% It often happens that intersecting paths form disjoint areas or that
+% there are paths that do not intersect; it is crucial for the colouring
+% algorithm to know the embedding ``hierarchy''; the hierarchy is stored in
+% a tree structure: the links (suffix |emb|) point upward (from leaves to
+% the root), moreover, with each leaf (node) is associated a ``level,''
+% i.e., the number of leaves beneath this leaf; the information stored in
+% a leaf is either the number of a lone path or the number of an area being
+% the result of the intersecting process (negative value marks the former
+% case); the tree is built by adding at first lone paths and next boundary
+% paths, i.e., negatively oriented paths surrounding groups of paths (areas,
+% see below) resulting from the intersecting process; if there is a lone path
+% or a boundary path |q| embedded in a boundary path |p|, there must be also
+% an area which belongs to the group of areas surrounded by |p|, which apears
+% in the tree between |q| and |p|; such a structure is convenient at the
+% stage of finding colors of areas and lone paths.
+numeric TREE_.num,TREE_.pth[\\],TREE_.emb[\\],TREE_.lev[\\];
+%
+% Finally there are areas which arise during intersecting process;
+% |AREA_1|, |AREA_2|, ..., |AREA_[AREA_.num]| are the ordering numbers
+% of edges which leftmost successors form areas such that areas arising
+% from |AREA_[i]| and |AREA_[j]| are either disjoint or have at most a common
+% edge, and, moreover, areas arising from |AREA_1|, |AREA_2|, ...,
+% |AREA_[AREA_.num]| exhaust the list of all possible areas in question
+% (plus lone paths, i.e., with no intersecting points); |AREA_.spt[i]| is
+% a spot number (areas of the same spot number are subsets of the same
+% boundary, different boundaries are disjoint); areas are sorted wrt spot
+% numbers, moreover, |AREA_[SPOT_[s-1]+1]| thru |AREA_[SPOT_[s]]| are areas
+% belonging to a spot |s|, |s=1|, |2|, ..., |SPOT_.num|.
+numeric AREA_.num, AREA_[\\], AREA_.spt[\\]; numeric SPOT_.num, SPOT_[\\];
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef is_far_enough(expr i,k,dk) =
+ if act_idx_>=max_idx: were_more_:=1; false
+ else:
+  save z_; pair z_; z_:=point k+dk of PATH_[i];
+  true
+   for j_:=0 upto TIME_[i]num:
+    and
+    if multi_path_case:
+     (distance(point TIME_[i]tim[j_] of PATH_[i],z_)>=epsil.dist)
+    else:
+     (interval(TIME_[i]tim[j_],(k+dk),PATH_[i])>=epsil.time)
+    fi
+   endfor
+   for j_:=0 upto ignored_.num:
+    and
+    if multi_path_case:
+     (distance(point ignored_[j_] of PATH_[i],z_)>=epsil.dist)
+    else:
+     (interval(ignored_[j_],(k+dk),PATH_[i])>=epsil.time)
+    fi
+   endfor
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def intersect_two_segments(expr i,j,k,l) =
+begingroup
+ save pi_,pj_,stack_; path pi_,pj_,stack_[\\]; numeric stack_.lev;
+ pi_:=subpath (k,k+1) of PATH_[i]; pj_:=subpath (l,l+1) of PATH_[j];
+ stack_.lev:=1; stack_[stack_.lev]:=pj_;
+ forever:
+ exitif stack_.lev<=0;
+  pj_:=stack_[stack_.lev]; stack_.lev:=stack_.lev-1;
+  save dk_,dl_; (dk_,dl_)=pi_ intersectiontimes pj_;
+  if dk_>=0:
+   if is_far_enough(i,k,dk_):
+    act_idx_:=act_idx_+1; TIME_[i].tim[incr TIME_[i].num]:=k+dk_;
+   else: ignored_[incr ignored_.num]:=k+dk_;
+   fi
+   if (dl_+epsil.time)<length(pj_):
+    stack_[incr stack_.lev]:=subpath (dl_+epsil.time,length pj_) of pj_;
+   fi
+   if (dl_-epsil.time)>0:
+    stack_[incr stack_.lev]:=subpath (0,dl_-epsil.time) of pj_;
+   fi
+  fi
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def intersect_two_paths(expr i,j) =
+begingroup
+ save ignored_,were_more_,act_idx_;
+ act_idx_:=0; ignored_.num:=-1;
+ for k_:=0 upto length(PATH_[i])-1:
+  for l_:=0 upto length(PATH_[j])-1:
+   if (i<>j) or (k_<>l_):
+    intersect_two_segments(i,j,k_,l_);
+   fi
+  endfor
+ endfor
+ if known were_more_:
+  errhelp "Dangerous situation: rounding errors may screw up results.";
+  errmessage "RO ERROR: there were more than "
+   & decimal(max_idx) & " intersections (thus some were ignored)";
+ fi
+ quicksort TIME_[i](0,TIME_[i].num)(tim)();
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def intersect_all_paths =
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num: TIME_[i_]num:=-1; endfor
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  for j_:=i_+1 upto PATH_.num:
+    if xpart(PATH_[i_] intersectiontimes PATH_[j_])>-1:
+     PATH_[i_][j_]:=0;
+% the process is repeated twice (for both paths in turn) because we haven't
+% invented an efficient soultion to the following problem:
+% given a subpath |S| of a path |P| and a time |t.S|; find a time |t.P| such
+% that |point t.S of S=point t.P of P|
+     intersect_two_paths(i_,j_); intersect_two_paths(j_,i_);
+    fi
+  endfor
+ endfor
+ if not multi_path_case:
+  for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+   PATH_[i_][i_]:=0; intersect_two_paths(i_,i_);
+  endfor
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef find_minimal_secant =
+ save secants_, intervals_;
+ secants_.num:=0; intervals_.num:=0;
+ minimal_secant:=minimal_interval:=infinity;
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  for j_:=0 upto TIME_[i_].num:
+   if TIME_[i_].num>0:
+    secants_[if tracingremoving>1: incr fi \\ secants_.num]:=
+     distance(point TIME_[i_]tim[j_] of PATH_[i_],
+      point TIME_[i_]tim[(j_+1) mod (TIME_[i_].num+1)] of PATH_[i_]);
+    if tracingremoving>1:
+     secants_.pth[secants_.num]:=i_; secants_.tim[secants_.num]:=j_;
+    fi
+    minimal_secant:=min(minimal_secant,secants_[secants_.num]);
+    intervals_[if tracingremoving>1: incr fi \\ intervals_.num]:=
+     interval(TIME_[i_]tim[j_],
+       TIME_[i_]tim[(j_+1) mod (TIME_[i_].num+1)], PATH_[i_]);
+    if tracingremoving>1:
+     intervals_.pth[intervals_.num]:=i_; intervals_.tim[intervals_.num]:=j_;
+    fi
+    minimal_interval:=min(minimal_interval,intervals_[intervals_.num]);
+   fi
+  endfor;
+ endfor;
+ if minimal_secant<>infinity:
+  info_ro "Minimal secant = " & decimal(minimal_secant/pt)
+   & "pt, i.e., " & decimal(minimal_secant) & "pxl, " &
+   if minimal_secant<4/3epsil.dist: "CAVEAT!" else: "seems OK" fi
+   & " (bound=" & decimal(epsil.dist) & "pxl)";
+ fi
+ if minimal_interval<>infinity:
+  info_ro "Minimal interval = " & decimal(minimal_interval) & ", " &
+   if minimal_interval<4/3epsil.time: "CAVEAT!" else: "seems OK" fi
+   & " (bound=" & decimal(epsil.time) & ")";
+ fi
+ if tracingremoving>1:
+  quicksort secants_(1,secants_.num)()(tim,pth);
+  quicksort intervals_(1,intervals_.num)()(tim,pth);
+  for i_:=1 upto secants_.num:
+   info_ro "secant=" & decimal(secants_[i_])
+    & " path=" & decimal(secants_.pth[i_])
+    & " time=" & decimal(secants_.tim[i_]);
+  endfor
+  for i_:=1 upto intervals_.num:
+   info_ro "interval=" & decimal(intervals_[i_])
+    & " path=" & decimal(intervals_.pth[i_])
+    & " time=" & decimal(intervals_.tim[i_]);
+  endfor
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+def build_node_structure =
+begingroup
+ save n_,Tik_,Tjl_;
+ NODE_.num:=0;
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  for j_:=i_ if multi_path_case: +1 fi upto PATH_.num:
+   if known PATH_[i_][j_]:
+    for k_:=0 upto TIME_[i_]num:
+     for l_:=if i_=j_: k_ else: 0 fi upto TIME_[j_]num:
+      if distance(point TIME_[i_]tim[k_] of PATH_[i_],
+        point TIME_[j_]tim[l_] of PATH_[j_])<epsil.dist:
+       if if multi_path_case: not is_tangent(i_,j_,k_,l_) else: true fi:
+        TIME_[i_]ntp[k_]:=1; TIME_[j_]ntp[l_]:=1;
+        if unknown TIME_[i_]nod[k_]:
+         NODE_.num:=NODE_.num+1; TIME_[i_]nod[k_]:=NODE_.num;
+         NODE_.pth[NODE_.num]:=i_; NODE_.tim[NODE_.num]:=k_;
+         NODE_.nod[NODE_.num]num:=0;
+        fi
+        if unknown TIME_[j_]nod[l_]:
+         NODE_.num:=NODE_.num+1; TIME_[j_]nod[l_]:=NODE_.num;
+         NODE_.pth[NODE_.num]:=j_; NODE_.tim[NODE_.num]:=l_;
+         NODE_.nod[NODE_.num]num:=0;
+        fi
+        Tik_:=TIME_[i_]nod[k_]; Tjl_:=TIME_[j_]nod[l_];
+        NODE_.nod[Tik_][incr NODE_.nod[Tik_]num]:=Tjl_;
+        if (i_<>j_) or (k_<>l_):
+         NODE_.nod[Tjl_][incr NODE_.nod[Tjl_]num]:=Tik_;
+        fi
+       fi
+      fi
+     endfor
+    endfor
+   fi
+  endfor
+ endfor
+% BUG TRAP:
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  n_:=0;
+  for j_:=0 upto TIME_[i_]num: if known TIME_[i_]ntp[j_]: n_:=n_+1; fi endfor
+  if n_=1:
+   err_helpless;
+   errmessage "RO ERROR: Number of non-tangent points must not be 1 (path "
+    & decimal(i_) & ")";
+  fi
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def identify_close_nodes =
+begingroup
+% It is assumed that `close points' and `coinciding points' means the same,
+% hence we make a transitive closure of the relation of `being close'
+% (in ``normal'' cases the relation is transitive, although from
+% a mathematical point of view it is obviously not):
+ forever:
+  % Is this loop really needed? I (BJ) could not devise a case where
+  % more than two turns would be necessary and where the algorithm
+  % would still work properly
+  save changed_;
+  for i_:=1 upto NODE_.num:
+   save v_;
+   for j_:=1 upto NODE_.nod[i_]num: v_[NODE_.nod[i_][j_]]:=0; endfor
+   for j_:=1 upto NODE_.nod[i_]num:
+    k_:=NODE_.nod[i_][j_];
+    for l_:=1 upto NODE_.nod[k_]num:
+     if NODE_.nod[k_][l_]<>i_:
+      if unknown v_[NODE_.nod[k_][l_]]:
+       NODE_.nod[i_][incr NODE_.nod[i_]num]:=NODE_.nod[k_][l_];
+       changed_:=v_[NODE_.nod[k_][l_]]:=0;
+      fi
+     fi
+    endfor
+   endfor
+  endfor
+ exitif unknown changed_;
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def build_edge_structure =
+begingroup
+ numeric min_sec_[\\],min_sec_.tmp;
+% |min_sec_[i]| is a minimal secant for |i|-th path, |i=1|, |2|, ..., |PATH_.num|
+ save i_,j_,k_;
+ EDGE_.num:=0;
+ if NODE_.num>0:
+  for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+   for j_:=0 upto TIME_[i_]num:
+    if known TIME_[i_]ntp[j_]:
+     EDGE_.num:=EDGE_.num+1; EDGE_.pth[EDGE_.num]=i_;
+     EDGE_.pth[-EDGE_.num]=i_; EDGE_.fnd[EDGE_.num]:=TIME_[i_]nod[j_];
+% each path should contain at least two non-tangent nodes
+     k_:=j_+1;
+     forever: exitif known TIME_[i_]ntp[k_ mod (TIME_[i_]num+1)];
+      k_:=k_+1;
+     endfor;
+     EDGE_.lnd[EDGE_.num]:=TIME_[i_]nod[k_ mod (TIME_[i_]num+1)];
+     min_sec_.tmp:=
+      distance(point first_time(EDGE_.num) of edge_path(EDGE_.num),
+       point last_time(EDGE_.num) of edge_path(EDGE_.num));
+     if if unknown min_sec_[i_]: true else: min_sec_[i_]>min_sec_.tmp fi:
+      min_sec_[i_]:=min_sec_.tmp;
+     fi
+     EDGE_.fnd[-EDGE_.num]:=EDGE_.lnd[EDGE_.num];
+     EDGE_.lnd[-EDGE_.num]:=EDGE_.fnd[EDGE_.num];
+    fi
+   endfor
+  endfor
+  for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num:
+   if i_>0: NODE_.ped[EDGE_.fnd[i_]]:=i_;
+   elseif i_<0: NODE_.ned[EDGE_.fnd[i_]]:=i_;
+   fi
+  endfor
+ else:
+  info_ro "RO WARNING: no intersections detected.";
+ fi
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def find_leftmost_edges =
+% a simple method is used: a tiny circle is drawn in a node and its
+% intersection points with all edges leaving the node are examined
+begingroup
+ save ei_,ej_,i_,j_,k_,leftmost_; path ei_,ej_; numeric min_sec_.loc;
+ for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num: if i_<>0:
+  if tracingleftmost>0:
+   message "@@@ " & decimal(i_) & "/" & decimal(EDGE_.pth[i_])
+    & " (" & decimal(EDGE_.fnd[i_]) & "," & decimal(EDGE_.lnd[i_]) & "):";
+  fi
+  numeric leftmost_.edg,leftmost_.tim,leftmost_.tmp;
+  min_sec_.loc:=min_sec_[EDGE_.pth[i_]];
+  for k_:=1 upto NODE_.nod[EDGE_.lnd[i_]]num:
+   forsuffixes $:=ped,ned:
+    j_:=NODE_$[NODE_.nod[EDGE_.lnd[i_]][k_]];
+    min_sec_.loc:=min(min_sec_.loc,min_sec_[EDGE_.pth[j_]]);
+   endfor
+  endfor
+% BUG TRAP 1: (should not happen, see |find_minimal_secant|);
+  if min_sec_.loc<epsil.dist:
+   err_extra_info(i_,whatever); showvariable min_sec_; err_helpless;
+   errmessage "RO ERROR: Cannot continue searching for the leftmost edge";
+  fi
+  ei_:=enc.pth scaled (1/2[epsil.dist,min_sec_.loc])
+   shifted point infinity of the_edge(i_);
+  save tei_,tt_; (tei_,tt_)=ei_ intersectiontimes the_edge(i_);
+  for k_:=1 upto NODE_.nod[EDGE_.lnd[i_]]num:
+   forsuffixes $:=ped,ned:
+    j_:=NODE_$[NODE_.nod[EDGE_.lnd[i_]][k_]];
+    ej_:=enc.pth scaled (1/2[epsil.dist,min_sec_.loc])
+     shifted point 0 of the_edge(j_);
+    if tracingleftmost>0:
+     message "    " & decimal(j_) & "/" & decimal(EDGE_.pth[j_])
+     & " (" & decimal(EDGE_.fnd[j_]) & "," & decimal(EDGE_.lnd[j_]) & "):";
+    fi
+    save tej_,tt_; (tej_,tt_)=ej_ intersectiontimes the_edge(j_);
+% BUG TRAP 2:
+    if (tei_<0) or (tej_<0):
+     err_extra_info(i_,j_); showvariable min_sec_;
+     message "Times: " & decimal(tei_) & " " & decimal(tej_);
+     err_helpless;
+     errmessage "RO ERROR: Unsuccesful search for the leftmost edge";
+    fi
+% it happens that |i_=j_| if |multi_path_case=false|
+    leftmost_.tmp:=if (i_=-j_): 0 else: (tej_-tei_) mod enc.len fi;
+    if tracingleftmost>0:
+     message "    " & decimal(leftmost_.tmp) & " " & dec_pair((tei_,tej_));
+    fi
+    if if unknown leftmost_.tim: true else: leftmost_.tmp>leftmost_.tim fi:
+     leftmost_.edg:=j_; leftmost_.tim:=leftmost_.tmp;
+    fi
+   endfor
+  endfor
+  EDGE_.out[i_]:=leftmost_.edg;
+  if tracingleftmost>0: j_:=EDGE_.out[i_];
+   message ">>> " & decimal(j_) & "/" & decimal(EDGE_.pth[j_])
+   & " (" & decimal(EDGE_.fnd[j_]) & "," & decimal(EDGE_.lnd[j_]) & "):";
+  fi
+ fi endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def build_area_structure =
+begingroup
+ save i_,j_,v_;
+ AREA_.num:=0;
+ for i_:=1 upto EDGE_.num: % \MF's linear equation solver employed
+  EDGE_.col[i_]-PATH_.wei[EDGE_.pth[i_]]=EDGE_.col[-i_];
+ endfor
+% split to areas (edges surrounding the same area are assigned the same colour):
+ for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num:
+  if (i_<>0) and (unknown EDGE_.are[i_]):
+   AREA_[incr AREA_.num]:=i_;
+   save v_; j_:=i_; v_[j_]:=0; EDGE_.are[j_]:=AREA_.num;
+   forever: j_:=EDGE_.out[j_]; exitif (j_=i_) or (known v_.emerg);
+% BUG TRAP 1:
+    if j_=-i_:
+     err_extra_info(i_,whatever); show_area(i_); err_helpless;
+     errmessage "RO ERROR: strange area";
+    fi
+% BUG TRAP 2:
+    if known v_[j_]:
+     err_extra_info(i_,j_); show_area(i_); err_helpless;
+     errmessage "RO ERROR: Edge " & decimal(j_) & " revisited";
+     v_.emerg:=0;
+    fi
+    v_[j_]:=0; EDGE_.are[j_]:=AREA_.num;
+    if known (EDGE_.col[i_]-EDGE_.col[j_]):
+% BUG TRAP 3:
+     if (EDGE_.col[i_]-EDGE_.col[j_])<>0:
+      err_extra_info(i_,j_); show_area(i_); err_helpless;
+      errmessage "RO ERROR: Edges " & decimal(i_) & " and " & decimal(j_)
+      & " have inconsistent colors";
+     fi
+    else: EDGE_.col[i_]=EDGE_.col[j_]; fi
+   endfor
+  fi
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def build_spot_structure =
+begingroup
+ save i_,j_;
+% areas having a common edge belong to the same spot (\MF's linear
+% equation solver employed):
+ for i_:=1 upto EDGE_.num: if (i_<>0):
+  if unknown (AREA_.spt[EDGE_.are[i_]]-AREA_.spt[EDGE_.are[-i_]]):
+   AREA_.spt[EDGE_.are[i_]]=AREA_.spt[EDGE_.are[-i_]];
+  fi
+ fi endfor
+% count different spots:
+ SPOT_.num:=0;
+ for i_:=1 upto AREA_.num:
+  if unknown AREA_.spt[i_]: AREA_.spt[i_]=incr SPOT_.num; fi
+ endfor;
+% sort areas wrt spot numbers:
+ quicksort AREA_(1,AREA_.num)(spt)();
+% define |SPOT_[s]|, |s=1|, |2|, ..., |SPOT_.num|, such that
+% |AREA_[SPOT_[s-1]+1]| thru |AREA_[SPOT_[s]]| are areas having the
+% same spot number |s|:
+ SPOT_0=0; for i_:=1 upto AREA_.num: SPOT_[AREA_.spt[i_]]:=i_; endfor
+% identify paths for which |check_turn=-1| (such areas are boundaries and
+% should be unique for each spot):
+ i_:=0;
+ for j_:=1 upto AREA_.num:
+  if check_turn(make_area(AREA_[j_]))<=0:
+   i_:=i_+1;
+   EDGE_.bar[i_]:=j_; EDGE_.bed[i_]:=AREA_[j_];
+   EDGE_.bpa[i_]:=make_area(AREA_[j_]);
+  fi
+ endfor
+% BUG TRAP 4:
+ if i_<>SPOT_.num:
+  message "Number of spots=" & decimal(SPOT_.num) &
+   ", number of boundaries=" & decimal(i_);
+  err_helpless;
+  errmessage "RO ERROR: Inconsistent number of spots and boundaries";
+ fi
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def update_tree_levels(expr n) =
+% update levels above the inserted leaf (|n|):
+begingroup
+ save i_,j_;
+ i_:=TREE_.emb[n]; j_:=TREE_.lev[n];
+ forever:
+ exitif i_=0;
+  j_:=TREE_.lev[i_]:=max(j_+1,TREE_.lev[i_]); i_:=TREE_.emb[i_];
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef embedding_pair(expr p,n) =
+% returns a pair of numbers, |(out_,in_)|, such that |out_| is either a tree
+% address of an area surrounded |p| or zero if not found, and |in_| is a
+% tree address of an area surrounding |p| or zero if not found; one branch
+% is searched, starting from a zero level leaf, |n|.
+ save in_,out_,q_; path q_; in_:=out_:=0; n_:=n;
+ forever:
+  q_:=if TREE_.pth[n_]<0: LONE_[-TREE_.pth[n_]]
+   else: make_area(AREA_[TREE_.pth[n_]]) fi;
+  check_embedding(p_,q_,r_);
+  if r_=1: % |p_| $\subset$ |q_|
+   if in_=0: in_:=n_; fi % ``minimal'' surrounding path is to be found
+  elseif r_=2: % |q_| $\subset$ |p_|
+   out_:=n_; % ``maximal'' surrounded path is to be found
+  fi
+  exitif TREE_.emb[n_]=0;
+  n_:=TREE_.emb[n_];
+ endfor
+ (out_,in_)
+enddef;
+% ---
+def add_to_queue (expr p,q) =
+% updates a queue, i.e., adds to a queue an area belonging to the spot
+% of a boundary area, i.e., |AREA_[q]|, surrounding a path described by
+% a tree address |p|.
+begingroup
+ save p_,r_,s_,found_; path p_; boolean found_;
+% |AREA_[q]| is a boundary, i.e., it is negatively oriented,
+ p_:=if TREE_.pth[p]<0: LONE_[-TREE_.pth[p]]
+  else: make_area(AREA_[TREE_.pth[p]]) fi;
+% there must be a unique positively oriented area containing |p_|, belonging
+% to the ``spot'' of the boundary |AREA_[q]|.
+ found_:=false; s_:=SPOT_[AREA_.spt[q]-1];
+% |s_| is the last area from a previous spot, |s_+1| will be the first
+% area of the current spot
+ forever: s_:=s_+1;
+  if s_<>q:
+   check_embedding(make_area(AREA_[s_]),p_,r_);
+   found_:=(r_=2); % |r_=2| implies |p_| $\subset$ |make_area(AREA_[s_])|
+  fi
+  if found_:
+   if unknown LVQ_.inq[s_]: LVQ_[incr LVQ_.num]:=s_; LVQ_.inq[s_]:=1; fi
+  elseif s_=SPOT_[AREA_.spt[q]]:
+% the list of candidates has been exhausted without a success, hence
+% BUG TRAP:
+   err_helpless;
+   errmessage "RO ERROR: cannot build embedding tree (boundary " &
+    decimal(q) & ")";
+   found_:=true;
+  fi
+  exitif found_;
+ endfor;
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def add_to_tree (expr leaf) =
+begingroup
+ save boundary_,found_,N_,p_; path p_;
+ TREE_.num:=TREE_.num+1;
+ N_:=TREE_.num; % abbreviation
+ TREE_.pth[N_]:=leaf; TREE_.emb[N_]:=0; TREE_.lev[N_]:=0;
+ p_:=if leaf<0: LONE_[-leaf] else: make_area(AREA_[leaf]) fi;
+ if (leaf>0) and (check_turn(p_)<0): boundary_:=1; fi
+ if N_>1:
+  for l_:=1 upto LVZ_.num: % climbing up from level zero
+   save out_,in_; (out_,in_)=embedding_pair(p_,LVZ_[l_]);
+   if (out_<>0) or (in_<>0): % a feasible branch found
+    if (out_=0) and (in_<>0): % to be added at the bottom, certain
+     TREE_.emb[N_]:=in_;
+     if in_=LVZ_[l_]: LVZ_[l_]:=N_; % replace bottom leaf
+     else: LVZ_[incr LVZ_.num]:=N_; fi % add new bottom leaf
+    elseif (out_<>0) and (in_=0): % to be added at the top, optional
+     if TREE_.emb[out_]<>N_: % we weren't here, add
+% invariant: |TREE_.emb[out_]=0|
+      TREE_.emb[out_]:=N_;
+      TREE_.lev[N_]:=max(TREE_.lev[N_],TREE_.lev[out_]+1);
+      if known boundary_: add_to_queue(out_,leaf); fi
+     fi
+    else: % to be added in the midst, optional
+     if TREE_.emb[out_]<>N_: % we weren't here, add
+% invariant: |TREE_.emb[out_]=in_|
+      TREE_.emb[out_]:=N_; TREE_.emb[N_]:=in_;
+      TREE_.lev[N_]:=max(TREE_.lev[N_],TREE_.lev[out_]+1);
+      if known boundary_: add_to_queue(out_,leaf); fi
+     fi
+    fi
+    found_:=1; update_tree_levels(N_);
+   fi
+  endfor;
+ fi
+ if unknown found_: LVZ_[incr LVZ_.num]:=N_; fi % a ``separate'' leaf appeared
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def build_embedding_tree =
+begingroup
+ save LVZ_,QUE_;
+% |LVZ_1|, |LVZ_2|, ..., |LVZ_[LVZ_.num]| is the list of zero-level leaves,
+% (a temporary data structure, used during building a tree), |LVQ_1|, |LVQ_2|,
+% ..., |LVQ_[LVQ_.num]| is the list of leaves waiting in a queue (also
+% a temporary data structure); if |LVQ_.inq[i]| is known, |i=1|, |2|, ...,
+% |AREA_.num|, area |i| is already in a queue.
+ TREE_.num:=0; LONE_.num:=0; LVZ_.num:=0; LVQ_.num:=0;
+% identify lone paths:
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  if true for j_:=0 upto TIME_[i_]num: and (unknown TIME_[i_]ntp[j_]) endfor:
+   LONE_[incr LONE_.num]:=PATH_[i_]; LONE_.wei[LONE_.num]:=PATH_.wei[i_];
+  fi
+ endfor
+% build the tree:
+ for i_:=1 upto LONE_.num: add_to_tree(-i_); endfor
+ for i_:=1 upto SPOT_.num: add_to_tree(EDGE_.bar[i_]); endfor
+ for i_:=1 upto LVQ_.num: add_to_tree(LVQ_[i_]); endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def color_paths = % \MF's linear equation solver heavily exploited
+begingroup
+ save i_,j_;
+ for i_:=1 upto TREE_.num:
+  if TREE_.emb[i_]=0: % outer path
+   if TREE_.pth[i_]<0: LONE_.col[-TREE_.pth[i_]]=background_color;
+   else: EDGE_.col[AREA_[TREE_.pth[i_]]]=background_color; fi
+  else: % inner path, inherits color from the surrounding path
+   j_:=TREE_.emb[i_];
+   if TREE_.pth[i_]<0:
+    if TREE_.pth[j_]<0:
+     LONE_.col[-TREE_.pth[i_]]=LONE_.col[-TREE_.pth[j_]]
+      +LONE_.wei[-TREE_.pth[j_]]*check_turn(LONE_[-TREE_.pth[j_]]);
+    else:
+     LONE_.col[-TREE_.pth[i_]]=EDGE_.col[AREA_[TREE_.pth[j_]]];
+    fi
+   else:
+    if TREE_.pth[j_]<0:
+     EDGE_.col[AREA_[TREE_.pth[i_]]]=LONE_.col[-TREE_.pth[j_]]
+      +LONE_.wei[-TREE_.pth[j_]]*check_turn(LONE_[-TREE_.pth[j_]]);
+    else:
+     if AREA_.spt[TREE_.pth[i_]]<>AREA_.spt[TREE_.pth[j_]]:
+      EDGE_.col[AREA_[TREE_.pth[i_]]]=EDGE_.col[AREA_[TREE_.pth[j_]]];
+     fi
+    fi
+   fi
+  fi
+ endfor;
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def recombine_edges(suffix R) =
+% this routine can be used several times (after completing the process
+% of finding the structure of paths after intersecting) with various
+% definitions of |good_color| function in order to select various
+% sets of areas
+ if not path R0: numeric R.num; path R[\\]; fi
+ if (unknown R.num) or (unknown append_results): R.num:=0; fi
+% |R|: resulting data structure, namely, |R.num| is the number of output
+% paths, |R1|, |R2|, ..., |R[R.num]| are the resulting paths
+begingroup
+ save i_,j_,out_,in_;
+ for i_:=1 upto LONE_.num:
+  out_:=LONE_.col[i_]; in_:=out_+LONE_.wei[i_]*check_turn(LONE_[i_]);
+  if good_colors(in_,out_) or good_colors(out_,in_):
+   R[incr R.num]:=LONE_[i_];
+   R[R.num]:=if good_colors(in_,out_): pos_turn else: neg_turn fi \\ R[R.num];
+  fi
+ endfor
+ for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num: if i_<>0:
+  EDGE_.aux[i_]:=whatever;
+ fi endfor
+ for i_:=-EDGE_.num upto EDGE_.num: if i_<>0:
+% BUG TRAP 1:
+  if unknown EDGE_.col[i_]:
+   err_extra_info(i_,whatever); err_helpless;
+   errmessage "RO ERROR: Edge " & decimal(j_) & " not colored";
+  fi
+  if good_colors(EDGE_.col[i_],EDGE_.col[-i_]) and (unknown EDGE_.aux[i_]):
+   save v_;
+   R.num:=R.num+1; j_:=i_; v_[j_]:=0;
+   EDGE_.aux[j_]:=0; R[R.num]:=the_edge(j_);
+   forever: j_:=EDGE_.out[j_]; exitif (j_=i_) or (known v_.emerg);
+% BUG TRAP 2:
+    if known v_[j_]:
+     err_extra_info(i_,j_); err_helpless;
+     errmessage "RO ERROR: Edge " & decimal(j_) & " revisited";
+     v_.emerg:=0;
+    fi
+    v_[j_]:=0;
+    if good_colors(EDGE_.col[j_],EDGE_.col[-j_]):
+     EDGE_.aux[j_]:=0; R[R.num]:=R[R.num] && the_edge(j_);
+    else: j_:=-j_;
+    fi
+   endfor
+   R[R.num]:=clean_path(clean_path(make_cycle(R[R.num])));
+  fi
+ fi endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def remove_overlap (text P)(text W) suffix R =
+begingroup interim autorounding:=0;
+% |P|: list of paths to be processed (non-cyclic paths are ignored);
+% |W|: list of weights given as pairs: (index, value)
+% |R|: resulting data structure, i.e., |R.num| is the number of output paths,
+% |R1|, |R2|, ..., |R[R.num]| are the resulting paths
+ info_ro "initialise_removing_overlaps"; initialise_removing_overlaps;
+ info_ro "prepare_input_data"; prepare_input_data(P)(W);
+ info_ro "intersect_all_paths"; intersect_all_paths;
+ info_ro "find_minimal_secant"; find_minimal_secant;
+ info_ro "build_node_structure"; build_node_structure;
+ info_ro "identify_close_nodes"; identify_close_nodes;
+ info_ro "build_edge_structure"; build_edge_structure;
+ info_ro "find_leftmost_edges"; find_leftmost_edges;
+ info_ro "build_area_structure"; build_area_structure;
+ info_ro "build_spot_structure"; build_spot_structure;
+ info_ro "build_embedding_tree"; build_embedding_tree;
+ info_ro "color_paths"; color_paths;
+ info_ro "recombine_edges"; recombine_edges(R);
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+% E-S MACROS:
+% ---
+vardef make_join@#(expr pa,pb)=
+ save kind_; string kind_; kind_:=str @#; if kind_="": kind_:="0" fi;
+ if (kind_<>"0") and (kind_<>"1"):
+  errhelp "Will use default.";
+  errmessage "ES ERROR: don't know how to join";
+  kind_:="0";
+ fi
+ if distance(point length(pa) of pa,point 0 of pb)<epsil.dist:
+  if (point length(pa) of pa)<>(point 0 of pb):
+   info_es "Points " & dec_pair(point length(pa) of pa) &
+    " and " & dec_pair(point 0 of pb) & " joined";
+   if (tracingexpanding>0) and (proofing>0):
+    makelabel.lft.nodot("joined",point length(pa) of pa);
+   fi
+  fi
+  pa && pb
+ elseif kind_="0":
+  if miter_size<=0: % a special case, isn't it?
+   pa--pb
+  else:
+   save ta_,tb_,za_,da_,zb_,db_,zc_,zd_,ze_,zf_;
+   pair za_,da_,zb_,db_,zc_,zd_,ze_,zf_;
+   za_=point length(pa) of pa;
+   da_=direction length(pa) of pa;
+   zb_=point 0 of pb;
+   db_=direction 0 of pb;
+   zc_=whatever[za_,za_+da_]=whatever[ze_,ze_+(zb_-za_)];
+   zd_=whatever[zb_,zb_+db_]=whatever[ze_,ze_+(zb_-za_)];
+   ze_=.5[za_,zb_]+miter_size*(unitvector(da_-db_));
+% we used to check |turningnumber(za_--zc_--zd_--zb_--cycle)|, but it was
+% not sufficiently robust
+   (ta_,tb_)=(za_--zc_) intersectiontimes (zd_--zb_);
+   if ta_<0: % |miter_size| in force:
+     pa
+      if distance(point length(pa) of pa,zc_)>=epsil.dist: --zc_ fi
+      if (distance(zc_,zd_)>=epsil.dist)
+        and (distance(point 0 of pb,zd_)>=epsil.dist): --zd_ fi
+     --pb
+   else:
+    zf_:=point ta_ of (za_--zc_);
+    if abs(zf_-.5[za_,zb_])>abs(ze_-.5[za_,zb_]): % |miter_size| in force:
+     pa
+      if distance(point length(pa) of pa,zc_)>=epsil.dist: --zc_ fi
+      if (distance(zc_,zd_)>=epsil.dist)
+       and (distance(point 0 of pb,zd_)>=epsil.dist): --zd_ fi
+     --pb
+    else:
+     pa
+      if (distance(point length(pa) of pa,zf_)>=epsil.dist)
+       and (distance(point 0 of pb,zf_)>=epsil.dist): --zf_ fi
+     --pb
+    fi
+   fi
+  fi
+ elseif kind_="1":
+  pa{direction length(pa) of pa}..{direction 0 of pb}pb
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef make_cyclic_join@#(expr p)=
+ save kind_; string kind_; kind_:=str @#; if kind_="": kind_:="0" fi;
+ if (kind_<>"0") and (kind_<>"1"):
+  errhelp "Will use default.";
+  errmessage "ES ERROR: don't know how to join";
+  kind_:="0";
+ fi
+ if distance(point length(p) of p,point 0 of p)<epsil.dist:
+  if (point length(p) of p)<>(point 0 of p):
+   info_es "Points " & dec_pair(point length(p) of p) &
+    " and " & dec_pair(point 0 of p) & " joined (cycle)";
+   if (tracingexpanding>0) and (proofing>0):
+    makelabel.lft.nodot("joined (cycle)",point length(p) of p);
+   fi
+  fi
+  make_cycle(p)
+ elseif kind_="0":
+  if miter_size<=0: % a special case, isn't it?
+   p--cycle
+  else:
+   save ta_,tb_,za_,da_,zb_,db_,zc_,zd_,ze_,zf_; pair za_,da_,zb_,db_,zc_,zd_,ze_,zf_;
+   za_=point length(p) of p; da_=direction length(p) of p;
+   zb_=point 0 of p; db_=direction 0 of p;
+   zc_=whatever[za_,za_+da_]=whatever[ze_,ze_+(zb_-za_)];
+   zd_=whatever[zb_,zb_+db_]=whatever[ze_,ze_+(zb_-za_)];
+   ze_=.5[za_,zb_]+miter_size*(unitvector(da_-db_));
+% we used to check |turningnumber(za_--zc_--zd_--zb_--cycle)|, but it was
+% not sufficiently robust
+   (ta_,tb_)=(za_--zc_) intersectiontimes (zd_--zb_);
+   if ta_<0: % |miter_size| in force:
+     p
+      if distance(point length(p) of p,zc_)>=epsil.dist: --zc_ fi
+      if (distance(zc_,zd_)>=epsil.dist)
+       and (length((point 0 of p)-zd_)>=epsil.dist): --zd_ fi
+     --cycle
+   else:
+    zf_:=point ta_ of (za_--zc_);
+    if abs(zf_-.5[za_,zb_])>abs(ze_-.5[za_,zb_]): % |miter_size| in force:
+     p
+      if distance(point length(p) of p,zc_)>=epsil.dist: --zc_ fi
+      if (distance(zc_,zd_)>=epsil.dist)
+       and (distance(point 0 of p,zd_)>=epsil.dist): --zd_ fi
+     --cycle
+    else:
+     p
+      if (distance(point length(p) of p,zf_)>=epsil.dist)
+       and (distance(point 0 of p,zf_)>=epsil.dist): --zf_ fi
+     --cycle
+    fi
+   fi
+  fi
+ elseif kind_="1":
+  p{direction length(p) of p}..{direction 0 of p}cycle
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef make_end@#(expr pr,pl) =
+ save kind_; string kind_; kind_:=str @#; if kind_="": kind_:="0" fi;
+ if (kind_<>"0") and (kind_<>"1"):
+  errhelp "Will use default.";
+  errmessage "ES ERROR: don't know how to end";
+  kind_:="0";
+ fi
+ if kind_="0": pr--pl--cycle
+ elseif kind_="1":
+  save za_,zb_; pair za_,zb_;
+  za_=1/2[point length(pr) of pr,point 0 of pl]
+   +(1/2((point length(pr) of pr)-(point 0 of pl)) rotated 90);
+  zb_=1/2[point length(pl) of pl,point length 0 of pr]
+   +(1/2((point length(pl) of pl)-(point 0 of pr)) rotated 90);
+  pr{direction length(pr) of pr}..za_..{direction 0 of pl}pl
+   {direction length(pl) of pl}..zb_..{direction 0 of pr}cycle
+ fi
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef opt_tensions(expr p,b) =
+% for a given B\'ezier segment |p| and a distance |b|, an optimal pair of
+% `tensions' $(\alpha,\beta)$ is found using least square method such that
+% |bez_edge|$(p,b,\alpha,\beta)$ (see below) approximates the edge of
+% a circular pen of diameter |b| traversing |p| (more on the employed
+% method be found in the article of B. Jackowski and M. Ry\'cko:
+% ``Labyrinth of \MF paths in outline,'' proceedings of the 8th European
+% \TeX Conference, Sept. 26--30, 1994, Gda\'nsk, Poland)
+%
+ save alpha_,beta_,gx_,gy_,n_,t_,ta_,tb_,tc_,td_,u_,v_,nu_,nv_,x_,y_;
+ numeric alpha_,beta_,n_,ta_,tb_,tc_,td_,
+   gx_[\\],gy_[\\],gx_.alpha[\\],gy_.alpha[\\],gx_.beta[\\],gy_.beta[\\],
+   u_.x,u_.y,v_.x,v_.y,nu_.x,nu_.y,nv_.x,nv_.y,
+   x_[\\],y_[\\];
+ n_:=5; % perhaps for |n_|$=\infty$ algebraic formulas can be derived, but...
+ (u_.x,u_.y)=(postcontrol 0 of p)-(point 0 of p);
+ (v_.x,v_.y)=(precontrol 1 of p)-(point 1 of p);
+ (nu_.x,nu_.y)=unitvector(u_.x,u_.y); (nv_.x,nv_.y)=unitvector(v_.x,v_.y);
+ for t_:=0 upto n_:
+  (x_[t_],y_[t_])=(point t_/n_ of p)+b*((udir t_/n_ of p) rotated -90);
+ endfor
+ for t_:=1 upto n_-1:
+  td_:=t_/n_; ta_:=1-td_; tb_:=3ta_*ta_*td_; tc_:=3ta_*td_*td_;
+  ta_:=ta_*ta_*ta_; td_:=td_*td_*td_;
+  gx_[t_]=ta_*x_0+tb_*(x_0+alpha_*u_.x)+tc_*(x_[n_]+beta_*v_.x)+td_*x_[n_];
+  gx_.alpha[t_]=tb_*nu_.x; gx_.beta[t_]=tc_*nv_.x;
+  gy_[t_]=ta_*y_0+tb_*(y_0+alpha_*u_.y)+tc_*(y_[n_]+beta_*v_.y)+td_*y_[n_];
+  gy_.alpha[t_]=tb_*nu_.y; gy_.beta[t_]=tc_*nv_.y;
+ endfor
+ 0=0 for t_:=1 upto n_-1:
+   +((gx_[t_]-x_[t_])*gx_.alpha[t_]+(gy_[t_]-y_[t_])*gy_.alpha[t_])/n_
+  endfor;
+ 0=0 for t_:=1 upto n_-1:
+   +((gx_[t_]-x_[t_])*gx_.beta[t_]+(gy_[t_]-y_[t_])*gy_.beta[t_])/n_
+  endfor;
+%| (u_.x,u_.y)=(postcontrol 0 of p)-(point 0 of p);|
+%| (v_.x,v_.y)=(precontrol 1 of p)-(point 1 of p);|
+%| ta_:=1/4length((u_.x,u_.y))+1/4length((v_.x,v_.y))|
+%|  +1/4length((postcontrol 0 of p)-(precontrol 1 of p))|
+%|  +1/4length((point 0 of p)-(point 1 of p));|
+%| message "accuracy=" & decimal|
+%|   (0+for t_:=1 upto n_-1:+(((gx_[t_]-x_[t_])++(gy_[t_]-y_[t_]))/ta_)/n_|
+%|  endfor);|
+%| message "   alpha=" & decimal(alpha_) & " beta=" & decimal(beta_);|
+%| for t_:=0 upto n_: fill fullcircle scaled 3 shifted (x_[t_],y_[t_]); endfor|
+%| for t_:=1 upto n_-1: makelabel("g" & decimal(t_),(gx_[t_],gy_[t_])); endfor|
+ (alpha_,beta_)
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef bez_edge(expr p,b,uv) =
+ save za_,zb_,u_,v_; pair za_,zb_; u_:=xpart(uv); v_:=ypart(uv);
+ za_=b*((udir 0 of p) rotated -90); zb_=b*((udir 1 of p) rotated -90);
+ ((point 0 of p)+za_) .. controls (u_[point 0 of p,postcontrol 0 of p]+za_)
+  and (v_[point 1 of p,precontrol 1 of p]+zb_) .. ((point 1 of p)+zb_)
+enddef;
+% ---
+def remove_global_loops(suffix E) =
+begingroup
+% warning: we don't trust too much in the results of ex. 14.17 from
+% The \MF{}book, hence a ``par force'' approach; there still exist
+% weird cases (e.g., local loops) which remain unsolved, but in practice
+% the following algorithm should suffice:
+ save opt_,ta_,tb_; pair opt_;
+ opt_:=(0,length(E));
+ for i_:=0 upto length(E)-1:
+  for j_:=i_+2 upto length(E)-1:
+   numeric ta_,tb_;
+   (ta_,tb_)=(subpath (i_,i_+1) of E)
+    intersectiontimes (subpath (j_,j_+1) of E);
+   if (ta_>0) and ((ta_+i_)>xpart(opt_)) and ((tb_+j_)<ypart(opt_)):
+    opt_:=(ta_+i_,tb_+j_);
+   fi
+  endfor
+ endfor
+ if xpart(opt_)>0:
+  E:=make_cycle(subpath(xpart(opt_),ypart(opt_)) of E);
+ fi
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+vardef make_edge@#(expr p,b)=
+ save E_,e_,ta_,tb_,tc_,td_; path E_,e_[\\];
+ for i_:=0 upto length(p)-1:
+  E_:=subpath (i_,i_+1) of p; e_[i_]=bez_edge(E_,b,opt_tensions(E_,b));
+ endfor
+ E_:=e_0;
+ for i_:=1 upto length(p)-1:
+  if (length(p)=2) and (cycle p): % this is a peculiar case, indeed!
+   numeric ta_,tb_,tc_,td_;
+   (ta_,tb_)=E_ intersectiontimes e_[i_];
+   (1-tc_,1-td_)=reverse(E_) intersectiontimes reverse(e_[i_]);
+   if ta_>=0:
+    E_:=(subpath(min(ta_,tc_),max(ta_,tc_)) of E_)
+     && (subpath(min(tb_,td_),max(tb_,td_)) of e_[i_]);
+   else: E_:=make_join@#(E_,e_[i_]);
+   fi
+  else:
+   numeric ta_,tb_;
+   (ta_,tb_)=(subpath(length(E_)-1,length(E_)) of E_)
+    intersectiontimes e_[i_];
+   if ta_>=0:
+     E_:=(subpath (0,length(E_)-1+ta_) of E_)
+      && (subpath(tb_,1) of e_[i_]);
+   else: E_:=make_join@#(E_,e_[i_]); fi
+  fi
+ endfor
+ if cycle p:
+  remove_global_loops(E_);
+  if not (cycle E_): E_:=make_cyclic_join@#(E_); fi
+ fi
+ E_
+enddef;
+% ---
+def expand_stroke(text P)(expr b) suffix R =
+begingroup interim autorounding:=0;
+ numeric PATH_.num; path PATH_[\\];
+ PATH_.num:=0; for P_:=P: PATH_[incr PATH_.num]:=touch_path(P_); endfor
+ if not path R0: numeric R.num; path R[\\]; fi
+ if (unknown R.num) or (unknown append_results): R.num:=0; fi
+ if unknown join_kind: save join_kind; join_kind=0; fi
+ if unknown end_kind: save end_kind; end_kind=0; fi
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+  if not cycle PATH_[i_]:
+   R[incr R.num]:=make_end[end_kind]
+     (make_edge[join_kind](PATH_[i_],b),
+      reverse make_edge[join_kind](PATH_[i_],-b));
+  else:
+   R[incr R.num]:=make_edge[join_kind](PATH_[i_],b);
+   R[incr R.num]:=reverse make_edge[join_kind](PATH_[i_],-b);
+  fi
+ endfor
+ for i_:=1 upto R.num: R[i_]:=clean_path(clean_path(R[i_])); endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def change_weight(text P)(expr b) suffix R =
+begingroup interim autorounding:=0;
+ numeric PATH_.num; path PATH_[\\];
+ PATH_.num:=0; for P_:=P: PATH_[incr PATH_.num]:=touch_path(P_); endfor
+ if not path R0: numeric R.num; path R[\\]; fi
+ if (unknown R.num) or (unknown append_results): R.num:=0; fi
+ if unknown join_kind: save join_kind; join_kind=0; fi
+ for i_:=1 upto PATH_.num:
+% non-cyclic paths are ignored
+  if cycle PATH_[i_]: R[incr R.num]:=make_edge[join_kind](PATH_[i_],b); fi
+ endfor
+endgroup
+enddef;
+% ---
+def info_ro expr s = if tracingremoving>0: message s; message ""; fi enddef;
+def info_es expr s = if tracingexpanding>0: message s; message ""; fi enddef;
+% ---
+% DEFAULTS:
+% ---
+def roex_default text t =
+ forsuffixes S_:=t:
+  if str S_ = "good_colors":
+% the formula |good_colors(p,q) and good_colors(q,p)| must be |false|!
+   vardef good_colors(expr i,o) = ((i>=1) and (o<=0)) enddef;
+  elseif str S_ = "touch_path":
+   vardef touch_path(expr p) = p enddef;
+  elseif str S_ = "background_color": background_color:=0;
+  elseif str S_ = "miter_size":
+   miter_size:=10pixels_per_inch/72; % i.e., 10bp
+% incidentally, |10bp| would convert to |10.00002| during export at |300dpi|
+  elseif str S_ = "epsil.ang": epsil.ang:=1/10; % in degrees
+  elseif str S_ = "epsil.dist": epsil.dist:=1/10pt; % ca |2/5|pxl at |300dpi|
+  elseif str S_ = "epsil.time": epsil.time:=1/100;
+  elseif str S_ = "epsil.len": epsil.len:=1/1000; % used in |turn_ang|
+  elseif str S_ = "max_idx": max_idx:=125;
+  elseif str S_ = "enc":
+% |enc| is a prefix of a data structure used in checking tangent
+% points and searching for the leftmost edge; |enc.pth| is in both
+% cases scaled differently
+   vardef enc.pth = fullcircle enddef; enc.len:=length(enc.pth);
+  fi
+ endfor
+enddef;
+%
+roex_default good_colors, touch_path, background_color, miter_size,
+ epsil.ang, epsil.dist, epsil.time, epsil.len, max_idx, enc;
+% ---
+numeric append_results; % initially unknown
+newinternal tracingleftmost; tracingleftmost:=0;
+newinternal tracingremoving; tracingremoving:=0;
+newinternal tracingexpanding; tracingexpanding:=0;
+% ---
+endinput
+%%\end
+