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| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2014-05-20 17:48:27 +0000 |
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| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2014-05-20 17:48:27 +0000 |
| commit | 8134709f6bd41afd6d0e810d07e6f3ec89e50310 (patch) | |
| tree | 91bd78c86f4d2fc7460053ca5c31b1ec3d679e34 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c | |
| parent | 9965933ec3f007f4e1385724c4c3e1b131a237ee (diff) | |
update our texinfo manuals
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@34145 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html | 8350 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf | bin | 467319 -> 464431 bytes |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html index ed9c8a4947c..8061ed9a489 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.html @@ -1,13 +1,6 @@ -<html lang="en"> -<head> -<title>Web2c: A TeX implementation</title> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> -<meta name="description" content="Web2c: A TeX implementation"> -<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> -<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top"> -<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> -<!-- -This file documents the installation and use of the programs in Web2c, +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- This file documents the installation and use of the programs in Web2c, an implementation of Donald Knuth's TeX system. Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, @@ -25,207 +18,278 @@ permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, -except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation--> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> -<style type="text/css"><!-- - pre.display { font-family:inherit } - pre.format { font-family:inherit } - pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } - pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } - pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } - pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } - span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } - span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } - span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } ---></style> +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation --> +<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> +<head> +<title>Web2c: A TeX implementation</title> + +<meta name="description" content="Web2c: A TeX implementation"> +<meta name="keywords" content="Web2c: A TeX implementation"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> +<link href="#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> +<link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> +<link href="dir.html#Top" rel="up" title="(dir)"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} +div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} +div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +kbd {font-style:oblique} +pre.display {font-family: inherit} +pre.format {font-family: inherit} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} +ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} +--> +</style> + + </head> -<body> -<h1 class="settitle">Web2c: A TeX implementation</h1> -<div class="contents"> -<h2>Table of Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Web2c</a> -<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a> -<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#configure-options">2.1 <code>configure</code> options</a> -<li><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">2.2 Compile-time options</a> -<li><a href="#Additional-targets">2.3 Additional targets</a> -<li><a href="#Triptrap">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</a> -<li><a href="#Runtime-options">2.5 Runtime options</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Commonalities" href="#Commonalities">3 Commonalities</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Option-conventions">3.1 Option conventions</a> -<li><a href="#Common-options">3.2 Common options</a> -<li><a href="#Path-searching">3.3 Path searching</a> -<li><a href="#Output-file-location">3.4 Output file location</a> -<li><a href="#Three-programs">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</a> -<li><a href="#Memory-dumps">3.5.2 Memory dumps</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</a> -<li><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</a> -<li><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Editor-invocation">3.5.3 Editor invocation</a> -<li><a href="#_005cinput-filenames">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_TeX" href="#TeX">4 TeX: Typesetting</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#tex-invocation">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</a> -<li><a href="#Initial-TeX">4.2 Initial TeX</a> -<li><a href="#Formats">4.3 Formats</a> -<li><a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#MLTeX">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#_005ccharsubdef">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</a> -<li><a href="#_005ctracingcharsubdef">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#TCX-files">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</a> -<li><a href="#patgen-invocation">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a href="#Shell-escapes">4.5 Shell escapes</a> -<li><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">4.6 IPC and TeX</a> -<li><a href="#TeX-extensions">4.7 TeX extensions</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Metafont" href="#Metafont">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#mf-invocation">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</a> -<li><a href="#Initial-Metafont">5.2 Initial Metafont</a> -<li><a href="#Modes">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</a> -<li><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</a> -<li><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</a> -<li><a href="#mft-invocation">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_MetaPost" href="#MetaPost">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#mpost-invocation">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</a> -<li><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">6.2 Initial MetaPost</a> -<li><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_BibTeX" href="#BibTeX">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#bibtex-invocation">7.1 BibTeX invocation</a> -<li><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_WEB" href="#WEB">8 WEB: Literate programming</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#tangle-invocation">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</a> -<li><a href="#weave-invocation">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</a> -<li><a href="#pooltype-invocation">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_DVI-utilities" href="#DVI-utilities">9 DVI utilities</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</a> -<li><a href="#dvitype-invocation">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#dvitype-output-example">9.2.1 DVItype output example</a> -</li></ul> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Font-utilities" href="#Font-utilities">10 Font utilities</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#Font-file-formats">10.1 Font file formats</a> -<li><a href="#gftopk-invocation">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</a> -<li><a href="#pktogf-invocation">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</a> -<li><a href="#pktype-invocation">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</a> -<li><a href="#gftype-invocation">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</a> -<li><a href="#tftopl-invocation">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</a> -<li><a href="#pltotf-invocation">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</a> -<li><a href="#vftovp-invocation">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</a> -<li><a href="#vptovf-invocation">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</a> -<li><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</a> -</li></ul> -<li><a name="toc_Legalisms" href="#Legalisms">Appendix A Legalisms</a> -<li><a name="toc_References" href="#References">Appendix B References</a> -<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a> -</li></ul> -</div> +<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> +<h1 class="settitle" align="center">Web2c: A TeX implementation</h1> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Top"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a> -</div> -<h2 class="unnumbered">Web2c</h2> -<p>This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c -implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It -corresponds to Web2c version 2012, released in -May 2012. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>: A brief introduction. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>: How to compile and install Web2c. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>: Option syntax, standard options, memory dumps. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#TeX">TeX</a>: Typesetting. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>: Typeface design. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>: Technical illustrations. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>: Reusable bibliographies. -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#WEB">WEB</a>: Literate programming. -<li><a accesskey="9" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>: DVI expansion. -<li><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>: Font format conversion. -<li><a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>: Blah blah blah. -<li><a href="#References">References</a>: Books and such. -<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: General index. + + + + +<a name="SEC_Contents"></a> +<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2> + +<div class="contents"> + +<ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Introduction-1" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Installation-1" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-configure-options-1" href="#configure-options">2.1 <code>configure</code> options</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Compile_002dtime-options-1" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">2.2 Compile-time options</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Additional-targets-1" href="#Additional-targets">2.3 Additional targets</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Trip_002c-trap_002c-and-mptrap_003a-Torture-tests" href="#Triptrap">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Runtime-options-1" href="#Runtime-options">2.5 Runtime options</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Commonalities-1" href="#Commonalities">3 Commonalities</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Option-conventions-1" href="#Option-conventions">3.1 Option conventions</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Common-options-1" href="#Common-options">3.2 Common options</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Path-searching-1" href="#Path-searching">3.3 Path searching</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Output-file-location-1" href="#Output-file-location">3.4 Output file location</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Three-programs_003a-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX" href="#Three-programs">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Initial-and-virgin-1" href="#Initial-and-virgin">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Memory-dumps-1" href="#Memory-dumps">3.5.2 Memory dumps</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Creating-memory-dumps-1" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use-1" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Hardware-and-memory-dumps-1" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Editor-invocation-1" href="#Editor-invocation">3.5.3 Editor invocation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cinput-filenames-1" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</a></li> + </ul></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-TeX_003a-Typesetting" href="#TeX">4 TeX: Typesetting</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-tex-invocation-1" href="#tex-invocation">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Initial-TeX-1" href="#Initial-TeX">4.2 Initial TeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Formats-1" href="#Formats">4.3 Formats</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Languages-and-hyphenation-1" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-MLTeX_003a-Multi_002dlingual-TeX" href="#MLTeX">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccharsubdef_003a-Character-substitutions" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ctracingcharsubdef_003a-Substitution-diagnostics" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-TCX-files_003a-Character-translations" href="#TCX-files">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Patgen_003a-Creating-hyphenation-patterns" href="#patgen-invocation">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Shell-escapes-1" href="#Shell-escapes">4.5 Shell escapes</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-IPC-and-TeX-1" href="#IPC-and-TeX">4.6 IPC and TeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-TeX-extensions-1" href="#TeX-extensions">4.7 TeX extensions</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Metafont_003a-Creating-typeface-families" href="#Metafont">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-mf-invocation-1" href="#mf-invocation">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Initial-Metafont-1" href="#Initial-Metafont">5.2 Initial Metafont</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Modes_003a-Device-definitions-for-Metafont" href="#Modes">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Online-Metafont-graphics-1" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-GFtoDVI_003a-Character-proofs-of-fonts" href="#gftodvi-invocation">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-MFT_003a-Prettyprinting-Metafont-source" href="#mft-invocation">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-MetaPost_003a-Creating-technical-illustrations" href="#MetaPost">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-mpost-invocation-1" href="#mpost-invocation">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Initial-MetaPost-1" href="#Initial-MetaPost">6.2 Initial MetaPost</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-DVItoMP_003a-DVI-to-MPX-conversion" href="#dvitomp-invocation">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-BibTeX_003a-Bibliographies" href="#BibTeX">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-BibTeX-invocation" href="#bibtex-invocation">7.1 BibTeX invocation</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Basic-BibTeX-style-files-1" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-WEB_003a-Literate-programming" href="#WEB">8 WEB: Literate programming</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Tangle_003a-Translate-WEB-to-Pascal" href="#tangle-invocation">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Weave_003a-Translate-WEB-to-TeX" href="#weave-invocation">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Pooltype_003a-Display-WEB-pool-files" href="#pooltype-invocation">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-DVI-utilities-1" href="#DVI-utilities">9 DVI utilities</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-DVIcopy_003a-Canonicalize-virtual-font-references" href="#dvicopy-invocation">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-DVItype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-DVI-files" href="#dvitype-invocation">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-DVItype-output-example" href="#dvitype-output-example">9.2.1 DVItype output example</a></li> + </ul></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Font-utilities-1" href="#Font-utilities">10 Font utilities</a> + <ul class="no-bullet"> + <li><a name="toc-Font-file-formats-1" href="#Font-file-formats">10.1 Font file formats</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-GFtoPK_003a-Generic-to-packed-font-conversion" href="#gftopk-invocation">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-PKtoGF_003a-Packed-to-generic-font-conversion" href="#pktogf-invocation">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-PKtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-packed-fonts" href="#pktype-invocation">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-GFtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-generic-fonts" href="#gftype-invocation">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-TFtoPL_003a-TeX-font-metric-to-property-list-conversion" href="#tftopl-invocation">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-PLtoTF_003a-Property-list-to-TeX-font-metric-conversion" href="#pltotf-invocation">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-VFtoVP_003a-Virtual-font-to-virtual-property-lists" href="#vftovp-invocation">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-VPtoVF_003a-Virtual-property-lists-to-virtual-font" href="#vptovf-invocation">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Font-utilities-available-elsewhere-1" href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> + </ul></li> + <li><a name="toc-Legalisms-1" href="#Legalisms">Appendix A Legalisms</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-References-1" href="#References">Appendix B References</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Index-1" href="#Index">Index</a></li> </ul> +</div> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Introduction"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<a name="Top"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Web2c"></a> +<h1 class="top">Web2c</h1> +<p>This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c +implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It +corresponds to Web2c version 2014, released in +May 2014. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="1">Introduction</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">A brief introduction. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Installation" accesskey="2">Installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to compile and install Web2c. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="3">Commonalities</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Option syntax, standard options, memory dumps. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#TeX" accesskey="4">TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Typesetting. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="5">Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Typeface design. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="6">MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Technical illustrations. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="7">BibTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Reusable bibliographies. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#WEB" accesskey="8">WEB</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Literate programming. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="9">DVI utilities</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI expansion. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Font format conversion. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Blah blah blah. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#References">References</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Books and such. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Index">Index</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">General index. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> +<a name="Introduction"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<a name="Introduction-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2> -<p><a name="index-introduction-1"></a> -This manual corresponds to version 2012 of Web2c, released in -May 2012. +<a name="index-introduction"></a> - <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-4"></a><a name="index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5"></a><dfn>Web2c</dfn> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix, +<p>This manual corresponds to version 2014 of Web2c, released in +May 2014. +</p> +<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-Web2c-implementation-of"></a> +<a name="index-Hobby_002c-John"></a> +<a name="index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter"></a> +<p><em>Web2c</em> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix, but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By -<dfn>TeX implementation</dfn>, we mean all of the standard programs +<em>TeX implementation</em>, we mean all of the standard programs developed by the Stanford TeX project directed by Donald E. Knuth: Metafont, DVItype, GFtoDVI, BibTeX, Tangle, etc., as well as TeX itself. Other programs are also included: DVIcopy, written by Peter Breitenlohner, MetaPost and its utilities (derived from Metafont), by John Hobby, etc. - - <p><a name="index-translation-from-WEB-to-C-6"></a><a name="index-strategy_002c-overall-7"></a>General strategy: Web2c works, as its name implies, by translating the +</p> +<a name="index-translation-from-WEB-to-C"></a> +<a name="index-strategy_002c-overall"></a> +<p>General strategy: Web2c works, as its name implies, by translating the WEB source in which TeX is written into C source code. Its output is not self-contained, however; it makes extensive use of many macros and -functions in a library (the <samp><span class="file">web2c/lib</span></samp> directory in the sources). +functions in a library (the <samp>web2c/lib</samp> directory in the sources). Therefore, it will not work without change on an arbitrary WEB program. - - <p><a name="index-licensing-terms-8"></a><a name="index-freedom-of-Web2c-9"></a><a name="index-ice-cream-10"></a><a name="index-Henry_002c-Patrick-11"></a>Availability: All of Web2c is freely available—“free” both in the +</p> +<a name="index-licensing-terms"></a> +<a name="index-freedom-of-Web2c"></a> +<a name="index-ice-cream"></a> +<a name="index-Henry_002c-Patrick"></a> +<p>Availability: All of Web2c is freely available—“free” both in the sense of no cost (free ice cream) and of having the source code to -modify and/or redistribute (free speech). See <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>, for the practical details of how to obtain Web2c. - - <p>Different parts of the Web2c distribution have different licensing +modify and/or redistribute (free speech). See <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>, for the practical details of how to obtain Web2c. +</p> +<p>Different parts of the Web2c distribution have different licensing terms, however, reflecting the different circumstances of their creation; consult each source file for exact details. The main practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that the executables are covered by the GNU General Public License, and therefore anyone who gets a binary distribution must also get the sources, as explained -by the terms of the GPL (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Copying">Copying</a>). The +by the terms of the GPL (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Copying">Copying</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). The GPL covers the Web2c executables, including <code>tex</code>, because the Free Software Foundation sponsored the initial development of the Kpathsea library that Web2c uses. The basic source files from Stanford, however, have their own copyright terms or are in the public domain, and are not covered by the GPL. - - <p><a name="index-history-12"></a><a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-13"></a><a name="index-Trickey_002c-Howard-14"></a><a name="index-Curtis_002c-Pavel-15"></a><a name="index-Morgan_002c-Tim-16"></a><a name="index-Berry_002c-Karl-17"></a><a name="index-Weber_002c-Olaf-18"></a>History: Tomas Rokicki originated the TeX-to-C system in 1987, +</p> +<a name="index-history"></a> +<a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas"></a> +<a name="index-Trickey_002c-Howard"></a> +<a name="index-Curtis_002c-Pavel"></a> +<a name="index-Morgan_002c-Tim"></a> +<a name="index-Berry_002c-Karl"></a> +<a name="index-Weber_002c-Olaf"></a> +<p>History: Tomas Rokicki originated the TeX-to-C system in 1987, working from the first change files for TeX under Unix, which were done primarily by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan then took over development and maintenance for a number of years; the name changed @@ -233,278 +297,415 @@ to Web-to-C somewhere in there. In 1990, Karl Berry became the maintainer. He made many changes to the original sources, and started using the shorter name Web2c. In 1997, Olaf Weber took over. Dozens of other people have contributed; their names are listed in the -<samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> files. - - <p><a name="index-acknowledgements-19"></a><a name="index-Martin_002c-Rick-20"></a><a name="index-Morris_002c-Bob-21"></a><a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22"></a>Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston +<samp>ChangeLog</samp> files. +</p> +<a name="index-acknowledgements"></a> +<a name="index-Martin_002c-Rick"></a> +<a name="index-Morris_002c-Bob"></a> +<a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard"></a> +<p>Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston (particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and ftp access to me for many years. Richard Stallman at the Free Software Foundation employed me while I wrote the original path searching library (for the GNU font utilities). (rms also gave us Emacs, GDB, and GCC, without which I cannot imagine developing Web2c.) And, of course, TeX would not exist in the first place without Donald E. Knuth. +</p> +<a name="index-reading_002c-additional"></a> +<p>Further reading: See <a href="#References">References</a>. +</p> - <p><a name="index-reading_002c-additional-23"></a>Further reading: See <a href="#References">References</a>. -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Installation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commonalities</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Installation-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2> -<p><a name="index-configuration-24"></a><a name="index-compilation-25"></a><a name="index-installation-26"></a> -(A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file <samp><span class="file">web2c/INSTALL</span></samp>.) +<a name="index-configuration"></a> +<a name="index-compilation"></a> +<a name="index-installation"></a> - <p>Installing Web2c is mostly the same as installing any other +<p>(A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file <samp>web2c/INSTALL</samp>.) +</p> +<p>Installing Web2c is mostly the same as installing any other Kpathsea-using program. Therefore, for the basic steps involved, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>. (A copy is in the file -<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/INSTALL</span></samp>.) - - <p>One peculiarity to Web2c is that the source distribution comes in two -files: <samp><span class="file">web.tar.gz</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">web2c.tar.gz</span></samp>. You must retrieve and +see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. (A copy is in the file +<samp>kpathsea/INSTALL</samp>.) +</p> +<p>One peculiarity to Web2c is that the source distribution comes in two +files: <samp>web.tar.gz</samp> and <samp>web2c.tar.gz</samp>. You must retrieve and unpack them both. (We have two because the former archive contains the -very large and seldom-changing original WEB source files.) -See <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>. - - <p><a name="index-mpost_0040r_007b_002c-reason-for-name-change_007d-27"></a>Another peculiarity is the MetaPost program. Although it has been +very large and seldom-changing original WEB source files.) +See <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<a name="index-mpost_002c-reason-for-name-change"></a> +<p>Another peculiarity is the MetaPost program. Although it has been installed previously as <code>mp</code>, as of Web2c 7.0 the installed name is now <code>mpost</code>, to avoid conflict with the <code>mp</code> program that does prettyprinting. This approach was recommended by the MetaPost author, John Hobby. If you as the TeX administrator wish to make it available under its shorter name as well, you will have to set up a link or some such yourself. And of course individual users can do the same. - - <p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to -report a bug, see the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>). See also the Web2c home page, +</p> +<p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to +report a bug, see the file <samp>kpathsea/BUGS</samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). See also the Web2c home page, <a href="http://www.tug.org/web2c">http://www.tug.org/web2c</a>. - - <p>Points worth repeating: - - <ul> -<li><a name="index-directory-structure-28"></a><a name="index-basic-fonts-and-macros-29"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-basic-30"></a><a name="index-macros_002c-basic-31"></a>Before starting the standard compilation and installation you must -install the basic fonts, macros, and other library files. -See <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>. - - <li>If you do not wish to use the standard file locations, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>. - - <li>Some Web2c features are enabled or disabled at <code>configure</code> time, +</p> +<p>Points worth repeating: +</p> +<ul> +<li> <a name="index-directory-structure"></a> +<a name="index-basic-fonts-and-macros"></a> +<a name="index-fonts_002c-basic"></a> +<a name="index-macros_002c-basic"></a> +Before starting the standard compilation and installation you must +install the basic fonts, macros, and other library files. +See <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. + +</li><li> If you do not wish to use the standard file locations, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Changing-search-paths">Changing +search paths</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. + +</li><li> Some Web2c features are enabled or disabled at <code>configure</code> time, as described in the first section below. - </ul> - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>: Especially --with and --enable. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>: Unusual -D's. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>: Breaking down the task. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>: Running the torture tests. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>: Array sizes and the like. -</ul> +</li></ul> -<div class="node"> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#configure-options" accesskey="1">configure options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Especially –with and –enable. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options" accesskey="2">Compile-time options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Unusual -D’s. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Additional-targets" accesskey="3">Additional targets</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Breaking down the task. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Triptrap" accesskey="4">Triptrap</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Running the torture tests. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Runtime-options" accesskey="5">Runtime options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Array sizes and the like. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="configure-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Compile-time options</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="configure-options-1"></a> <h3 class="section">2.1 <code>configure</code> options</h3> -<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32"></a><a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-33"></a><a name="index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>’ <code>configure</code> arguments that Web2c accepts. Some are +<a name="index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime"></a> +<a name="index-compile_002dtime-options"></a> +<a name="index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-options"></a> +<p>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the ‘<samp>--with</samp>’ and +‘<samp>--enable</samp>’ <code>configure</code> arguments that Web2c accepts. Some are specific to Web2c, others are generic to all Kpathsea-using programs. - - <p>For a list of all the options <code>configure</code> accepts, run -‘<samp><span class="samp">configure --help</span></samp>’. The generic options are listed first, and the +</p> +<p>For a list of all the options <code>configure</code> accepts, run +‘<samp>configure --help</samp>’. The generic options are listed first, and the package-specific options come last. - - <p>For a description of the generic options (which mainly allow you to +</p> +<p>For a description of the generic options (which mainly allow you to specify installation directories) and basic <code>configure</code> usage, -see <a href="autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a>, a copy is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/CONFIGURE</span></samp>. - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>’<dd>Do not make fmt/base/mem files sharable across different endian +see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a> in <cite>Autoconf</cite>, a copy is in the file <samp>kpathsea/CONFIGURE</samp>. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>--disable-dump-share</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Do not make fmt/base/mem files sharable across different endian architectures. See <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexmf-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexpk-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketextfm-default</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-maketextex-default</span></samp>’<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs. See <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>. The defaults are the inverse of +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--without-maketexmf-default</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--without-maketexpk-default</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--without-maketextfm-default</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-maketextex-default</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs. See <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex +configuration</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. The defaults are the inverse of the options, i.e., everything is enabled except <code>mktextex</code>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>’<dd>Build Kpathsea as a shared library. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Shared-library">Shared library</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>’<dd>Change the default editor invoked by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>’ interactive command. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--enable-shared</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Build Kpathsea as a shared library. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Shared-library">Shared library</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-editor=<var>cmd</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Change the default editor invoked by the ‘<samp>e</samp>’ interactive command. See <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-nextwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x-toolkit=KIT</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>’<dd>Define Metafont graphics support; by default, no graphics support is +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-epsfwin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-hp2627win</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-mftalkwin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-nextwin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-regiswin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-suntoolswin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-tektronixwin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-unitermwin</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-x</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-x-toolkit=KIT</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-x11win</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--with-x11</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Define Metafont graphics support; by default, no graphics support is enabled. See <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>dir</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>dir</var></samp>’<dd>Define the locations of the X11 include files and libraries; by default, -<code>configure</code> does its best to guess). See <a href="autoconf.html#Optional-Features">Optional Features</a>. A copy is in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/CONFIGURE</span></samp>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--x-includes=<var>dir</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>--x-libraries=<var>dir</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>Define the locations of the X11 include files and libraries; by default, +<code>configure</code> does its best to guess). See <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf.html#Optional-Features">Optional Features</a> in <cite>Autoconf</cite>. A copy is in <samp>kpathsea/CONFIGURE</samp>. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Compile-time-options"></a> -<a name="Compile_002dtime-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> +<hr> +<a name="Compile_002dtime-options"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Additional-targets" accesskey="n" rel="next">Additional targets</a>, Previous: <a href="#configure-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">configure options</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Compile_002dtime-options-1"></a> <h3 class="section">2.2 Compile-time options</h3> -<p><a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-35"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023define_007d-options-36"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040r_007bcompiler-options_007d-37"></a>In addition to the <code>configure</code> options listed in the previous +<a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-1"></a> +<a name="index-_0023define-options"></a> +<a name="index-_002dD-compiler-options"></a> +<p>In addition to the <code>configure</code> options listed in the previous section, there are a few things that can be affected at compile-time with C definitions, rather than with <code>configure</code>. Using any of these is unusual. - - <p>To specify extra compiler flags (‘<samp><span class="samp">-D</span><var>name</var></samp>’ in this case), the +</p> +<p>To specify extra compiler flags (‘<samp>-D<var>name</var></samp>’ in this case), the simplest thing to do is: -<pre class="example"> make XCFLAGS="<var>ccoptions</var>" -</pre> - <p class="noindent">You can also set the <code>CFLAGS</code> environment variable before -running <code>configure</code>. See <a href="kpathsea.html#configure-environment">configure environment</a>. - - <p>Anyway, here are the possibilities: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-DFIXPT</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-DNO_MF_ASM</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-FIXPT-38"></a><a name="index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39"></a><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40"></a><a name="index-assembly-language-routines-41"></a><a name="index-fraction-routines-42"></a>Use the original WEB fixed-point routines for Metafont and MetaPost +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">make XCFLAGS="<var>ccoptions</var>" +</pre></div> +<p>You can also set the <code>CFLAGS</code> environment variable before +running <code>configure</code>. See <a href="kpathsea.html#configure-environment">configure environment</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<p>Anyway, here are the possibilities: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-DFIXPT</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-DNO_MF_ASM</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-FIXPT"></a> +<a name="index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic"></a> +<a name="index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic"></a> +<a name="index-assembly-language-routines"></a> +<a name="index-fraction-routines"></a> +<p>Use the original WEB fixed-point routines for Metafont and MetaPost arithmetic calculations regarding fractions. By default, assembly-language routines are used on x86 hardware with GNU C (unless -‘<samp><span class="samp">NO_MF_ASM</span></samp>’ is defined), and floating-point routines are used +‘<samp>NO_MF_ASM</samp>’ is defined), and floating-point routines are used otherwise. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"></a>Report on various interprocess communication activities. See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-DIPC_DEBUG</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG"></a> +<p>Report on various interprocess communication activities. See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Additional-targets"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> +<hr> +<a name="Additional-targets"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Triptrap" accesskey="n" rel="next">Triptrap</a>, Previous: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Compile-time options</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Additional-targets-1"></a> <h3 class="section">2.3 Additional targets</h3> -<p><a name="index-additional-Make-targets-44"></a><a name="index-targets_002c-additional-Make-45"></a><a name="index-Make-targets_002c-additional-46"></a> -Web2c has several Make targets besides the standard ones. You can invoke -these either in the top level directory of the source distribution (the -one containing <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">web2c/</span></samp>), or in the -<samp><span class="file">web2c/</span></samp> directory. +<a name="index-additional-Make-targets"></a> +<a name="index-targets_002c-additional-Make"></a> +<a name="index-Make-targets_002c-additional"></a> - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">c-sources</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"></a><a name="index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48"></a>Make only the C files, translated from the Web sources, presumably +<p>Web2c has several Make targets besides the standard ones. You can invoke +these either in the top level directory of the source distribution (the +one containing <samp>kpathsea/</samp> and <samp>web2c/</samp>), or in the +<samp>web2c/</samp> directory. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>c-sources</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-c_002dsources-Makefile-target"></a> +<a name="index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on"></a> +<p>Make only the C files, translated from the Web sources, presumably because you want to take them to a non-Unix machine. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">formats</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-formats</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"></a><a name="index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"></a>Make or install all the memory dumps (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). By -default, the standard plain formats plus <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> are made. You +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>formats</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>install-formats</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-formats-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-install_002dformats-Make-target"></a> +<p>Make or install all the memory dumps (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). By +default, the standard plain formats plus <samp>latex.fmt</samp> are made. You can add other formats by redefining the <code>fmts</code>, <code>bases</code>, and -<code>mems</code> variables. See the top of <samp><span class="file">web2c/Makefile</span></samp> for the +<code>mems</code> variables. See the top of <samp>web2c/Makefile</samp> for the possibilities. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">fmts</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-fmts</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"></a><a name="index-install_002dfmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-52"></a>Make or install the TeX <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">bases</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-bases</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"></a><a name="index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"></a> -Make or install the Metafont <samp><span class="file">.base</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mems</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">install-mems</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"></a><a name="index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"></a>Make or install the MetaPost <samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">triptrap</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">trip</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">trap</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">mptrap</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"></a><a name="index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"></a><a name="index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"></a><a name="index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"></a>To run the torture tests for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>fmts</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>install-fmts</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-fmts-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-install_002dfmts-Make-target"></a> +<p>Make or install the TeX <samp>.fmt</samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>bases</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>install-bases</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-bases-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-install_002dbases-Make-target"></a> + +<p>Make or install the Metafont <samp>.base</samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>mems</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>install-mems</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-mems-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-install_002dmems-Make-target"></a> +<p>Make or install the MetaPost <samp>.mem</samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>triptrap</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>trip</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>trap</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>mptrap</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-triptrap-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-trip-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-trap-Make-target"></a> +<a name="index-mptrap-Make-target"></a> +<p>To run the torture tests for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost (respectively). See the next section. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Triptrap"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Runtime-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Runtime options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Additional-targets" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Additional targets</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Trip_002c-trap_002c-and-mptrap_003a-Torture-tests"></a> <h3 class="section">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</h3> -<p><a name="index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61"></a><a name="index-trip-test-62"></a><a name="index-trap-test-63"></a><a name="index-mptrap-test-64"></a><a name="index-torture-tests-65"></a> -<a name="index-tripman_002etex-66"></a><a name="index-trapman_002etex-67"></a><a name="index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"></a>To validate your TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost executables, run -‘<samp><span class="samp">make triptrap</span></samp>’. This runs the trip, trap, and mptrap “torture -tests”. See the files <samp><span class="file">triptrap/tripman.tex</span></samp>, -<samp><span class="file">triptrap/trapman.tex</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">triptrap/mptrap.readme</span></samp> for +<a name="index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat"></a> +<a name="index-trip-test"></a> +<a name="index-trap-test"></a> +<a name="index-mptrap-test"></a> +<a name="index-torture-tests"></a> + +<a name="index-tripman_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-trapman_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-mptrap_002ereadme"></a> +<p>To validate your TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost executables, run +‘<samp>make triptrap</samp>’. This runs the trip, trap, and mptrap “torture +tests”. See the files <samp>triptrap/tripman.tex</samp>, +<samp>triptrap/trapman.tex</samp>, and <samp>triptrap/mptrap.readme</samp> for detailed information and background on the tests. - - <p>The differences between your executables' behavior and the standard +</p> +<p>The differences between your executables’ behavior and the standard values will show up on your terminal. The usual differences (these are all acceptable) are: +</p> +<ul> +<li> string usage and table sizes; +</li><li> glue set ratios; +</li><li> ‘<samp>down4</samp>’, ‘<samp>right4</samp>’, and ‘<samp>y4</samp>’ commands in DVItype output; +</li><li> dates and times. +</li></ul> - <ul> -<li>string usage and table sizes; -<li>glue set ratios; -<li>‘<samp><span class="samp">down4</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">right4</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">y4</span></samp>’ commands in DVItype output; -<li>dates and times. -</ul> - -<p class="noindent">Any other differences are trouble. The most common culprit in -the past has been compiler bugs, especially when optimizing. -See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>. - - <p>The files <samp><span class="file">trip.diffs</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">mftrap.diffs</span></samp>, and -<samp><span class="file">mptrap.diffs</span></samp> in the <samp><span class="file">triptrap</span></samp> directory show the standard +<p>Any other differences are trouble. The most common culprit in +the past has been compiler bugs, especially when optimizing. +See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<p>The files <samp>trip.diffs</samp>, <samp>mftrap.diffs</samp>, and +<samp>mptrap.diffs</samp> in the <samp>triptrap</samp> directory show the standard diffs against the original output. If you diff your diffs against these files, you should come up clean. For example -<pre class="example"> make trip >&mytrip.diffs - diff triptrap/trip.diffs mytrip.diffs -</pre> - <p>To run the tests separately, use the targets <code>trip</code>, <code>trap</code>, -and <code>mptrap</code>. +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">make trip >&mytrip.diffs +diff triptrap/trip.diffs mytrip.diffs +</pre></div> - <p>To run simple tests for all the programs as well as the torture tests, -run ‘<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>’. You can compare the output to the distributed -file <samp><span class="file">tests/check.log</span></samp> if you like. +<p>To run the tests separately, use the targets <code>trip</code>, <code>trap</code>, +and <code>mptrap</code>. +</p> +<p>To run simple tests for all the programs as well as the torture tests, +run ‘<samp>make check</samp>’. You can compare the output to the distributed +file <samp>tests/check.log</samp> if you like. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Runtime-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Triptrap" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Triptrap</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Runtime-options-1"></a> <h3 class="section">2.5 Runtime options</h3> -<p><a name="index-runtime-options-69"></a> -<a name="index-configuration-file-values-70"></a><a name="index-array-sizes-71"></a>Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the -previous sections, you can control a number of parameters (in -particular, array sizes) in the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> runtime file read by -Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). +<a name="index-runtime-options"></a> - <p>Rather than exhaustively listing them here, please see the last section -of the distributed <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/texmf.cnf</span></samp>. Some of the more +<a name="index-configuration-file-values"></a> +<a name="index-array-sizes"></a> +<p>Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the +previous sections, you can control a number of parameters (in +particular, array sizes) in the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> runtime file read by +Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<p>Rather than exhaustively listing them here, please see the last section +of the distributed <samp>kpathsea/texmf.cnf</samp>. Some of the more interesting values: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">main_memory</span></samp>’<a name="index-main_005fmemory-72"></a><dd>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>main_memory</samp>’ +<a name="index-main_005fmemory"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. Must remake the format file after changing. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">extra_mem_bot</span></samp>’<a name="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"></a><dd><a name="index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74"></a><a name="index-glue_002c-memory-for-75"></a><a name="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76"></a><a name="index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77"></a>Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>extra_mem_bot</samp>’ +<a name="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-boxes_002c-memory-for"></a> +<a name="index-glue_002c-memory-for"></a> +<a name="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for"></a> +<a name="index-PiCTeX_002c-increasing-memory-for"></a> +<p>Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, et al. If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to set this. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">font_mem_size</span></samp>’<a name="index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"></a><dd><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79"></a>Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the total +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>font_mem_size</samp>’ +<a name="index-font_005fmem_005fsize"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for"></a> +<p>Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the total size of all TFM files read. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">hash_extra</span></samp>’<a name="index-hash_005fextra-80"></a><dd><a name="index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81"></a><a name="index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82"></a>Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>hash_extra</samp>’ +<a name="index-hash_005fextra"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for"></a> +<a name="index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of"></a> +<p>Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash -table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references, +table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references, this might not be enough, and thus you will want to set <code>hash_extra</code>. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> - - <p><a name="index-array-limit_002c-fixed-83"></a><a name="index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit-84"></a><a name="index-reallocation-of-arrays-85"></a><a name="index-dynamic-array-allocation-86"></a>Of course, ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as +<a name="index-array-limit_002c-fixed"></a> +<a name="index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit"></a> +<a name="index-reallocation-of-arrays"></a> +<a name="index-dynamic-array-allocation"></a> +<p>Of course, ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as necessary, so the only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space available. Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as the fixed size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source @@ -512,577 +713,778 @@ code. These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the compile-time limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays. (On the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do dynamic reallocation of some arrays.) +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Commonalities"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX">TeX</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Commonalities-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">3 Commonalities</h2> -<p><a name="index-commonalities-87"></a> -Many aspects of the TeX system are the same among more than one -program, so we describe all those pieces together, here. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a>: -- or -, = or ` ' for values. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>: --help --version --verbose, and TeX/MF/MP options. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>: Features of the common path searching library. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>: TEXMFOUTPUT allows output in places other than `.'. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>: TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a lot in common. -</ul> +<a name="index-commonalities"></a> -<div class="node"> +<p>Many aspects of the TeX system are the same among more than one +program, so we describe all those pieces together, here. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Option-conventions" accesskey="1">Option conventions</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">– or -, = or ‘ ’ for values. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Common-options" accesskey="2">Common options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">–help –version –verbose, and TeX/MF/MP options. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="3">Path searching</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Features of the common path searching library. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Output-file-location" accesskey="4">Output file location</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">TEXMFOUTPUT allows output in places other than ‘.’. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="5">Three programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a lot in common. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Option-conventions"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Common-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Common options</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Option-conventions-1"></a> <h3 class="section">3.1 Option conventions</h3> -<p><a name="index-option-conventions-88"></a><a name="index-conventions-for-options_002c-89"></a> -<a name="index-getopt_005flong_005fonly-90"></a>To provide a clean and consistent behavior, we chose to have all these +<a name="index-option-conventions"></a> +<a name="index-conventions-for-options_002c"></a> + +<a name="index-getopt_005flong_005fonly"></a> +<p>To provide a clean and consistent behavior, we chose to have all these programs use the GNU function <code>getopt_long_only</code> to parse command lines. However, we do use in a restricted mode, where all the options have to come before the rest of the arguments. +</p> +<a name="index-_002d-starts-option-names"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002d-starts-option-names"></a> +<p>As a result, you can: +</p><ul> +<li> use ‘<samp>-</samp>’ or ‘<samp>--</samp>’ to start an option name; - <p><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-91"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-92"></a>As a result, you can: - <ul> -<li>use ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’ to start an option name; - - <li>use any unambiguous abbreviation for an option name; +</li><li> use any unambiguous abbreviation for an option name; - <li>separate option names and values with either ‘<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>’ or one or more +</li><li> separate option names and values with either ‘<samp>=</samp>’ or one or more spaces; - <li><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarting-a-filename_007d-93"></a><a name="index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94"></a>use filenames that would otherwise look like options by putting them -after an option ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’. -</ul> +</li><li> <a name="index-_002d-starting-a-filename"></a> +<a name="index-filenames-starting-with-_002d"></a> +use filenames that would otherwise look like options by putting them +after an option ‘<samp>--</samp>’. +</li></ul> - <p>By convention, non-option arguments, if specified, generally define the +<p>By convention, non-option arguments, if specified, generally define the name of an input file, as documented for each program. - - <p>If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is the +</p> +<p>If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is the last value that counts. - - <p>For example, the following command line specifies the options -‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">verbose</span></samp>’; gives the value ‘<samp><span class="samp">baz</span></samp>’ -to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">abc</span></samp>’ option, and the value ‘<samp><span class="samp">xyz</span></samp>’ to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">quux</span></samp>’ -option; and specifies the filename <samp><span class="file">-myfile-</span></samp>. - -<pre class="example"> -foo --bar -verb -abc=baz -quux karl --quux xyz -- -myfile- -</pre> - <div class="node"> +</p> +<p>For example, the following command line specifies the options +‘<samp>foo</samp>’, ‘<samp>bar</samp>’, and ‘<samp>verbose</samp>’; gives the value ‘<samp>baz</samp>’ +to the ‘<samp>abc</samp>’ option, and the value ‘<samp>xyz</samp>’ to the ‘<samp>quux</samp>’ +option; and specifies the filename <samp>-myfile-</samp>. +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">-foo --bar -verb -abc=baz -quux karl --quux xyz -- -myfile- +</pre></div> + + +<hr> <a name="Common-options"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="n" rel="next">Path searching</a>, Previous: <a href="#Option-conventions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option conventions</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Common-options-1"></a> <h3 class="section">3.2 Common options</h3> -<p><a name="index-common-options-95"></a>All of these programs accept the standard GNU ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ options, and several programs accept -‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’. Rather than writing identical descriptions for +<a name="index-common-options"></a> +<p>All of these programs accept the standard GNU ‘<samp>--help</samp>’ and +‘<samp>--version</samp>’ options, and several programs accept +‘<samp>--verbose</samp>’. Rather than writing identical descriptions for every program, they are described here. - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"></a><a name="index-help_002c-online-97"></a>Print a usage message listing basic usage and all available options to +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>--help</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002dhelp-common-option"></a> +<a name="index-help_002c-online"></a> +<p>Print a usage message listing basic usage and all available options to standard output, then exit successfully. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"></a><a name="index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99"></a>Print progress reports to standard output. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"></a><a name="index-version-number_002c-finding-101"></a>Print the version number to standard output, then exit successfully. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--verbose</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002dverbose-common-option"></a> +<a name="index-verbosity_002c-enabling"></a> +<p>Print progress reports to standard output. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>--version</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002dversion-common-option"></a> +<a name="index-version-number_002c-finding"></a> +<p>Print the version number to standard output, then exit successfully. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of additional options in +<p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of additional options in common: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"></a><a name="index-changing-error-messages-style-105"></a>Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-file-line-error</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dfile_002dline_002derror"></a> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-no-file-line-error</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror"></a> +<a name="index-_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle"></a> +<a name="index-changing-error-messages-style"></a> +<p>Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The alternate style looks like error messages from many compilers and is easier to parse for some editors that invoke TeX. This option used -to be called ‘<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error-style</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-base=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mem=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"></a><a name="index-dump-file-109"></a>Use <var>dumpname</var> instead of the program name or a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&</span></samp>’ line to -determine the name of the memory dump file read (‘<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>’ for TeX, -‘<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>’ for Metafont, ‘<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>’ for MetaPost). See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>. Also sets the program name to <var>dumpname</var> if no -‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>’ option was given. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"></a><a name="index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111"></a>Stop processing and exit when an error occurs, as opposed to the normal +to be called ‘<samp>-file-line-error-style</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-fmt=<var>dumpname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-base=<var>dumpname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-mem=<var>dumpname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dfmt_003ddumpname"></a> +<a name="index-_002dbase_003ddumpname"></a> +<a name="index-_002dmem_003ddumpname"></a> +<a name="index-dump-file"></a> +<p>Use <var>dumpname</var> instead of the program name or a ‘<samp>%&</samp>’ line to +determine the name of the memory dump file read (‘<samp>fmt</samp>’ for TeX, +‘<samp>base</samp>’ for Metafont, ‘<samp>mem</samp>’ for MetaPost). See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>. Also sets the program name to <var>dumpname</var> if no +‘<samp>-progname</samp>’ option was given. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-halt-on-error</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dhalt_002don_002derror"></a> +<a name="index-stopping-at-the-first-error"></a> +<p>Stop processing and exit when an error occurs, as opposed to the normal process of trying to recover and continue. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dini-112"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-113"></a><a name="index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114"></a>Enable the “initial” form of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>). This is implicitly set if the program name is <code>initex</code> +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-ini</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dini"></a> +<a name="index-program-names_002c-special"></a> +<a name="index-initial-form_002c-enabling"></a> +<p>Enable the “initial” form of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>). This is implicitly set if the program name is <code>initex</code> resp. <code>inimf</code>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"></a><a name="index-interaction-mode-116"></a>Set the interaction mode from the command line. The <var>string</var> must -be one of ‘<samp><span class="samp">batchmode</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">nonstopmode</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">scrollmode</span></samp>’, or -‘<samp><span class="samp">errorstopmode</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"></a><a name="index-job-name-118"></a>Set the job name to <var>string</var>, instead of deriving it from the name +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-interaction=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dinteraction_003dstring"></a> +<a name="index-interaction-mode"></a> +<p>Set the interaction mode from the command line. The <var>string</var> must +be one of ‘<samp>batchmode</samp>’, ‘<samp>nonstopmode</samp>’, ‘<samp>scrollmode</samp>’, or +‘<samp>errorstopmode</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-jobname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002djobname_003dstring"></a> +<a name="index-job-name"></a> +<p>Set the job name to <var>string</var>, instead of deriving it from the name of the input file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"></a><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"></a><a name="index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121"></a><a name="index-path-searching-debugging-122"></a>Set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of <var>number</var> -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>). You can also specify this in -<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> environment variable (for all Web2c programs). -(The command line value overrides.) The most useful value is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’, +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-kpathsea-debug=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003dnumber"></a> +<a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"></a> +<a name="index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying"></a> +<a name="index-path-searching-debugging"></a> +<p>Set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of <var>number</var> +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). You can also specify this in +<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> environment variable (for all Web2c programs). +(The command line value overrides.) The most useful value is ‘<samp>-1</samp>’, to get all available output. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory=</span><var>dirname</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124"></a>Specify the directory <var>dirname</var> to which output files are written. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-output-directory=<var>dirname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002doutput_002ddirectory"></a> +<a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying"></a> +<p>Specify the directory <var>dirname</var> to which output files are written. Also look for input files in <var>dirname</var> first, before looking along the normal search path. See <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"></a><a name="index-parsing-the-first-line-127"></a>Check or disable checking whether the first line of the main input -file starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&</span></samp>’, and parse it if it does. This line can be +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-parse-first-line</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline"></a> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-no-parse-first-line</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline"></a> +<a name="index-parsing-the-first-line"></a> +<p>Check or disable checking whether the first line of the main input +file starts with ‘<samp>%&</samp>’, and parse it if it does. This line can be used specify the format and/or a TCX file. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"></a><a name="index-binaries_002c-linking-129"></a><a name="index-linking-binaries-130"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-131"></a>Set program (and memory dump) name to <var>string</var>. This may affect the -search paths and other values used (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>). Using this option is equivalent to making a link named +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-progname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dprogname_003dstring"></a> +<a name="index-binaries_002c-linking"></a> +<a name="index-linking-binaries"></a> +<a name="index-program-names_002c-special-1"></a> +<p>Set program (and memory dump) name to <var>string</var>. This may affect the +search paths and other values used (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). Using this option is equivalent to making a link named <var>string</var> to the binary and then invoking the binary under that name. See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002drecorder-132"></a><a name="index-file-recorder-133"></a>Enable the filename recorder. This makes the program save a list of the -opened files into a file with (by default) extension ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>’. For -Aleph, this option is always on, and the file has extension ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ofl</span></samp>’. - - <p>Ordinarily, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>’ file is written to the same location as -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.log</span></samp>’ file, for example, respecting -<samp><span class="option">-output-directory</span></samp> if it is given (see <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>). However, if TeX processing is done on the command line -(or in response to the ‘<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>’ prompt), the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>’ might be +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-recorder</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002drecorder"></a> +<a name="index-file-recorder"></a> +<p>Enable the filename recorder. This makes the program save a list of the +opened files into a file with (by default) extension ‘<samp>.fls</samp>’. For +Aleph, this option is always on, and the file has extension ‘<samp>.ofl</samp>’. +</p> +<p>Ordinarily, the ‘<samp>.fls</samp>’ file is written to the same location as +the ‘<samp>.log</samp>’ file, for example, respecting +<samp>-output-directory</samp> if it is given (see <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>). However, if TeX processing is done on the command line +(or in response to the ‘<samp>**</samp>’ prompt), the ‘<samp>.fls</samp>’ might be written to the current directory, or include an integer (the current -pid), as in <samp><span class="file">texput1234.fls</span></samp>. You can use <samp><span class="option">-jobname</span></samp> to +pid), as in <samp>texput1234.fls</samp>. You can use <samp>-jobname</samp> to explicitly set the basename. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"></a><a name="index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"></a><a name="index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137"></a>Use <var>tcxfile</var> to define which characters are printable and translations -between the internal and external character sets. Moreover, -<var>tcxfile</var> can be explicitly declared in the first line of the main -input file ‘<samp><span class="samp">%& -translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’. -This is the recommended method for portability reasons. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dtranslate_002dfile_003dtcxfile"></a> +<a name="index-translation-file-for-TeX_002c-specifying"></a> +<a name="index-_002etcx-character-translation-files"></a> +<a name="index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file"></a> +<p>Use <var>tcxfile</var> to define which characters are printable and translations +between the internal and external character sets. Moreover, +<var>tcxfile</var> can be explicitly declared in the first line of the main +input file ‘<samp>%& -translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></samp>’. +This is the recommended method for portability reasons. See <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d8bit-138"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-139"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"></a>This option specifies that by default all characters should be -considered printable. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file</span></samp>’ was given as well, then the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d8bit"></a> +<a name="index-8-bit-clean"></a> +<a name="index-8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying"></a> +<p>This option specifies that by default all characters should be +considered printable. If ‘<samp>-translate-file</samp>’ was given as well, then the TCX file may mark characters as non-printable. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Path-searching"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Output-file-location" accesskey="n" rel="next">Output file location</a>, Previous: <a href="#Common-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Common options</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Path-searching-1"></a> <h3 class="section">3.3 Path searching</h3> -<p><a name="index-path-searching-141"></a> -<a name="index-texmf_002ecnf-142"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-reading-143"></a>All of the Web2c programs, including TeX, which do path searching use +<a name="index-path-searching"></a> + +<a name="index-texmf_002ecnf"></a> +<a name="index-configuration-file-reading"></a> +<p>All of the Web2c programs, including TeX, which do path searching use the Kpathsea routines to do so. The precise names of the environment and configuration file variables which get searched for particular file formatted are therefore documented in the Kpathsea manual -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). Reading -<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>), invoking -<code>mktex...</code> scripts (see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>), and so on are all handled by Kpathsea. - - <p><a name="index-font-aliases-144"></a><a name="index-aliases-for-fonts-145"></a><a name="index-texfonts_002emap-146"></a>The programs which read fonts make use of another Kpathsea feature: -<samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>, which allows arbitrary aliases for the actual names -of font files; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>’ for ‘<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r.tfm</span></samp>’. -The distributed (and installed by default) <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> includes +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). Reading +<samp>texmf.cnf</samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>), invoking +<code>mktex…</code> scripts (see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>), and so on are all handled by Kpathsea. +</p> +<a name="index-font-aliases"></a> +<a name="index-aliases-for-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-texfonts_002emap"></a> +<p>The programs which read fonts make use of another Kpathsea feature: +<samp>texfonts.map</samp>, which allows arbitrary aliases for the actual names +of font files; for example, ‘<samp>Times-Roman</samp>’ for ‘<samp>ptmr8r.tfm</samp>’. +The distributed (and installed by default) <samp>texfonts.map</samp> includes aliases for many widely available PostScript fonts by their PostScript names. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Output-file-location"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Three programs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Output-file-location-1"></a> <h3 class="section">3.4 Output file location</h3> -<p><a name="index-output-file-location-147"></a><a name="index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output-148"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-output_007d-149"></a>All the programs generally follow the usual convention for output files. +<a name="index-output-file-location"></a> +<a name="index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output"></a> +<a name="index-_002e_002c-used-for-output"></a> +<p>All the programs generally follow the usual convention for output files. Namely, they are placed in the directory current when the program is run, regardless of any input file location; or, in a few cases, output is to standard output. - - <p>For example, if you run ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex /tmp/foo</span></samp>’, for example, the output -will be in <samp><span class="file">./foo.dvi</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">./foo.log</span></samp>, not -<samp><span class="file">/tmp/foo.dvi</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">/tmp/foo.log</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-150"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-151"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-152"></a>You can use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’ option to cause all output +</p> +<p>For example, if you run ‘<samp>tex /tmp/foo</samp>’, for example, the output +will be in <samp>./foo.dvi</samp> and <samp>./foo.log</samp>, not +<samp>/tmp/foo.dvi</samp> and <samp>/tmp/foo.log</samp>. +</p> +<a name="index-_002doutput_002ddirectory-1"></a> +<a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-1"></a> +<a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-TeX-in"></a> +<p>You can use the ‘<samp>-output-directory</samp>’ option to cause all output files that would normally be written in the current directory to be written in the specified directory instead. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - - <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-153"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-154"></a>If the current directory is not writable, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’ +</p> +<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-used-if-_002e-unwritable"></a> +<a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-TeX-in-1"></a> +<p>If the current directory is not writable, and ‘<samp>-output-directory</samp>’ is not specified, the main programs (TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and BibTeX) make an exception: if the config file or environment variable value <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set (it is not by default), output files are written to the directory specified. - - <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-reading_007d-155"></a><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is also checked for input files, as TeX often +</p> +<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-used-for-reading"></a> +<p><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is also checked for input files, as TeX often generates files that need to be subsequently read; for input, no -suffixes (such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>’) are added by default and no exhaustive +suffixes (such as ‘<samp>.tex</samp>’) are added by default and no exhaustive path searching is done, the input name is simply checked as given. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Three-programs"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Output-file-location" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output file location</a>, Up: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commonalities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Three-programs_003a-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX"></a> <h3 class="section">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-three-programs-156"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost-157"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-158"></a><a name="index-MetaPost_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-and-Metafont-159"></a> -TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common. +<a name="index-three-programs"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-MetaPost_002c-TeX_002c-and-Metafont"></a> + +<p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common. Besides the ones here, the common command-line options are described in the previous section. The configuration file options that let you control some array sizes and other features are described in <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>: Making memory dumps vs. production runs. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>: .fmt/.base files for fast startup. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>: The `e' response at errors. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a>: ~ and $ expansion in TeX/MF/MP. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Initial-and-virgin" accesskey="1">Initial and virgin</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Making memory dumps vs. production runs. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="2">Memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">.fmt/.base files for fast startup. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="3">Editor invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The ‘e’ response at errors. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="4">\input filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">~ and $ expansion in TeX/MF/MP. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Initial-and-virgin"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="n" rel="next">Memory dumps</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Initial-and-virgin-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</h4> -<p><a name="index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin-160"></a>The TeX and Metafont programs each have two main variants, called -<dfn>initial</dfn> and <dfn>virgin</dfn>. MetaPost no longer makes this +<a name="index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin"></a> +<p>The TeX and Metafont programs each have two main variants, called +<em>initial</em> and <em>virgin</em>. MetaPost no longer makes this distinction. - - <p>The initial form is enabled if: - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-g_t_002dini-161"></a>the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’ option was specified; or -<li>the program name is <samp><span class="file">initex</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">inimf</span></samp>; or -<li>the first line of the main input file is ‘<samp><span class="samp">%&ini</span></samp>’; - </ol> -otherwise, the virgin form is used. - - <p><a name="index-virgin-programs-162"></a><a name="index-production-use-163"></a>The <dfn>virgin</dfn> form is the one generally invoked for production use. +</p> +<p>The initial form is enabled if: +</p><ol> +<li> <a name="index-_002dini-1"></a> +the ‘<samp>-ini</samp>’ option was specified; or +</li><li> the program name is <samp>initex</samp> resp. <samp>inimf</samp>; or +</li><li> the first line of the main input file is ‘<samp>%&ini</samp>’; +</li></ol> +<p>otherwise, the virgin form is used. +</p> +<a name="index-virgin-programs"></a> +<a name="index-production-use"></a> +<p>The <em>virgin</em> form is the one generally invoked for production use. The first thing it does is read a memory dump (see <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>), and then proceeds on with the main job. - - <p><a name="index-initial-programs-164"></a><a name="index-initializations_002c-lengthy-165"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form is generally used only to create memory dumps +</p> +<a name="index-initial-programs"></a> +<a name="index-initializations_002c-lengthy"></a> +<p>The <em>initial</em> form is generally used only to create memory dumps (see the next section). It starts up more slowly than the virgin form, because it must do lengthy initializations that are encapsulated in the memory dump file. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Memory-dumps"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Editor invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial and virgin</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Memory-dumps-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Memory dumps</h4> -<p><a name="index-memory-dumps-166"></a> -<a name="index-dumping-memory-167"></a><a name="index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps-168"></a><a name="index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps-169"></a>In typical use, TeX and Metafont require a large number of -macros to be predefined; therefore, they support <dfn>memory dump</dfn> -files, which can be read much more efficiently than ordinary source -code. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a> -</ul> +<a name="index-memory-dumps"></a> -<div class="node"> +<a name="index-dumping-memory"></a> +<a name="index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps"></a> +<a name="index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps"></a> +<p>In typical use, TeX and Metafont require a large number of +macros to be predefined; therefore, they support <em>memory dump</em> +files, which can be read much more efficiently than ordinary source +code. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps" accesskey="1">Creating memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use" accesskey="2">Determining the memory dump to use</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps" accesskey="3">Hardware and memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Creating-memory-dumps"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use" accesskey="n" rel="next">Determining the memory dump to use</a>, Up: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="u" rel="up">Memory dumps</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Creating-memory-dumps-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</h5> +<a name="index-memory-dumps_002c-creating"></a> +<a name="index-creating-memory-dumps"></a> +<a name="index-writing-memory-dumps"></a> -<p><a name="index-memory-dumps_002c-creating-170"></a><a name="index-creating-memory-dumps-171"></a><a name="index-writing-memory-dumps-172"></a> -The programs all create memory dumps in slightly idiosyncratic (thought +<p>The programs all create memory dumps in slightly idiosyncratic (thought substantially similar) way, so we describe the details in separate sections (references below). The basic idea is to run the initial version of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), read the source file to define the macros, and then execute the <code>\dump</code> primitive. - - <p>Also, each program uses a different filename extension for its memory +</p> +<p>Also, each program uses a different filename extension for its memory dumps, since although they are completely analogous they are not interchangeable (TeX cannot read a Metafont memory dump, for example). - - <p>Here is a list of filename extensions with references to examples of +</p> +<p>Here is a list of filename extensions with references to examples of creating memory dumps: - - <dl> -<dt>TeX<dd>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. - - <br><dt>Metafont<dd>(‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>TeX</dt> +<dd><p>(‘<samp>.fmt</samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>Metafont</dt> +<dd><p>(‘<samp>.base</samp>’) See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>When making memory dumps, the programs read environment variables and +<p>When making memory dumps, the programs read environment variables and configuration files for path searching and other values as usual. If you are making a new installation and have environment variables pointing to an old one, for example, you will probably run into difficulties. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hardware and memory dumps</a>, Previous: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Creating memory dumps</a>, Up: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="u" rel="up">Memory dumps</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</h5> +<a name="index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining"></a> +<a name="index-fmt-file_002c-determining"></a> +<a name="index-base-file_002c-determining"></a> +<a name="index-mem-file_002c-determining"></a> -<p><a name="index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining-173"></a><a name="index-fmt-file_002c-determining-174"></a><a name="index-base-file_002c-determining-175"></a><a name="index-mem-file_002c-determining-176"></a> -The virgin form (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>) of each program always +<p>The virgin form (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>) of each program always reads a memory dump before processing normal source input. All three programs determine the memory dump to use in the same way: - - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>If the first non-option command-line argument begins with ‘<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>’, the -program uses the remainder of that argument as the memory dump name. -For example, running ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex \&super</span></samp>’ reads <samp><span class="file">super.fmt</span></samp>. (The -backslash protects the ‘<samp><span class="samp">&</span></samp>’ against interpretation by the shell.) - - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-177"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-178"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt</span></samp>’ resp. ‘<samp><span class="samp">-base</span></samp>’ option is +</p> +<ol> +<li> If the first non-option command-line argument begins with ‘<samp>&</samp>’, the +program uses the remainder of that argument as the memory dump name. +For example, running ‘<samp>tex \&super</samp>’ reads <samp>super.fmt</samp>. (The +backslash protects the ‘<samp>&</samp>’ against interpretation by the shell.) + +</li><li> <a name="index-_002dfmt_003dfmt"></a> +<a name="index-_002dbase_003dbase"></a> +If the ‘<samp>-fmt</samp>’ resp. ‘<samp>-base</samp>’ option is specified, its value is used. - <li><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-179"></a>If the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>’ option is specified, its value is used. +</li><li> <a name="index-_002dprogname_003dstring-1"></a> +If the ‘<samp>-progname</samp>’ option is specified, its value is used. - <li><a name="index-g_t_0025_0026-_0040r_007bmagic-number_007d-180"></a>If the first line of the main input file (which must be specified on the -command line, not in response to ‘<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>’) is <code>%&</code><var>dump</var>, and +</li><li> <a name="index-_0025_0026-magic-number"></a> +If the first line of the main input file (which must be specified on the +command line, not in response to ‘<samp>**</samp>’) is <code>%&<var>dump</var></code>, and <var>dump</var> is an existing memory dump of the appropriate type, <var>dump</var> is used. - <p>The first line of the main input file can also specify which character -translation file is to be used: <code>%&-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var> +<p>The first line of the main input file can also specify which character +translation file is to be used: <code>%&-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></code> (see <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>). - - <p>These two roles can be combined: <code>%&</code><var>dump</var><code> --translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var>. If this is done, the name of the dump +</p> +<p>These two roles can be combined: <code>%&<var>dump</var> +-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></code>. If this is done, the name of the dump must be given first. - - <li><a name="index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump-181"></a><a name="index-links-to-binaries-182"></a>Otherwise, the program uses the program invocation name, most commonly -<samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">mf</span></samp>. For example, if <samp><span class="file">latex</span></samp> is a link -to <samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>, and the user runs ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex foo</span></samp>’, <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> +</p> +</li><li> <a name="index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump"></a> +<a name="index-links-to-binaries"></a> +Otherwise, the program uses the program invocation name, most commonly +<samp>tex</samp> resp. <samp>mf</samp>. For example, if <samp>latex</samp> is a link +to <samp>tex</samp>, and the user runs ‘<samp>latex foo</samp>’, <samp>latex.fmt</samp> will be used. - </ol> +</li></ol> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Hardware-and-memory-dumps"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> +<hr> +<a name="Hardware-and-memory-dumps"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Determining the memory dump to use</a>, Up: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="u" rel="up">Memory dumps</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - -<h5 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</h5> - -<p><a name="index-hardware-and-memory-dumps-183"></a><a name="index-memory-dumps-and-hardware-184"></a><a name="index-sharing-memory-dumps-185"></a><a name="index-fmt-files_002c-sharing-186"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-sharing-187"></a><a name="index-mem-files_002c-sharing-188"></a> -<a name="index-LittleEndian-machines-189"></a><a name="index-BigEndian-machines-190"></a><a name="index-endian-dependencies-191"></a><a name="index-machine-dependencies-192"></a><a name="index-architecture-dependencies-193"></a><a name="index-dependencies_002c-hardware-194"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-195"></a>By default, memory dump files are generally sharable between +<a name="Hardware-and-memory-dumps-1"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</h4> + +<a name="index-hardware-and-memory-dumps"></a> +<a name="index-memory-dumps-and-hardware"></a> +<a name="index-sharing-memory-dumps"></a> +<a name="index-fmt-files_002c-sharing"></a> +<a name="index-base-files_002c-sharing"></a> +<a name="index-mem-files_002c-sharing"></a> + +<a name="index-LittleEndian-machines"></a> +<a name="index-BigEndian-machines"></a> +<a name="index-endian-dependencies"></a> +<a name="index-machine-dependencies"></a> +<a name="index-architecture-dependencies"></a> +<a name="index-dependencies_002c-hardware"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-option"></a> +<p>By default, memory dump files are generally sharable between architectures of different types; specifically, on machines of different -endianness (see <a href="libc.html#Byte-order">Byte order</a>). (This is a +endianness (see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#Byte-order">Byte order</a> in <cite>GNU C Library</cite>). (This is a feature of the Web2c implementation, and is not true of all TeX -implementations.) If you specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>’ to +implementations.) If you specify ‘<samp>--disable-dump-share</samp>’ to <code>configure</code>, however, memory dumps will be endian-dependent. - - <p><a name="index-byte-swapping-196"></a><a name="index-swapping-bytes-197"></a>The reason to do this is speed. To achieve endian-independence, the -reading of memory dumps on LittleEndian architectures, such as PC's and +</p> +<a name="index-byte-swapping"></a> +<a name="index-swapping-bytes"></a> +<p>The reason to do this is speed. To achieve endian-independence, the +reading of memory dumps on LittleEndian architectures, such as PC’s and DEC architectures, is somewhat slowed (all the multibyte values have to be swapped). Usually, this is not noticeable, and the advantage of being able to share memory dumps across all platforms at a site far -outweighs the speed loss. But if you're installing Web2c for use on +outweighs the speed loss. But if you’re installing Web2c for use on LittleEndian machines only, perhaps on a PC being used only by you, you may wish to get maximum speed. - - <p><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-values-198"></a><a name="index-glue-ratio-representations-199"></a>TeXnically, even without ‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>’, sharing of -<samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files cannot be guaranteed to work. Floating-point values +</p> +<a name="index-floating_002dpoint-values"></a> +<a name="index-glue-ratio-representations"></a> +<p>TeXnically, even without ‘<samp>--disable-dump-share</samp>’, sharing of +<samp>.fmt</samp> files cannot be guaranteed to work. Floating-point values are always written in native format, and hence will generally not be readable across platforms. Fortunately, TeX uses floating point only to represent glue ratios, and all common formats (plain, -LaTeX, AMSTeX, <small class="dots">...</small>) do not do any glue setting at -<samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>-creation time. Metafont does not use floating point in +LaTeX, AMSTeX, …) do not do any glue setting at +<samp>.fmt</samp>-creation time. Metafont does not use floating point in any dumped value at all. - - <p><a name="index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps-200"></a><a name="index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps-201"></a><a name="index-memory-dumps_002c-contain-date-and-time-202"></a>Incidentally, different memory dump files will never compare equal +</p> +<a name="index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps"></a> +<a name="index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps"></a> +<a name="index-memory-dumps_002c-contain-date-and-time"></a> +<p>Incidentally, different memory dump files will never compare equal byte-for-byte, because the program always dumps the current date and -time. So don't be alarmed by just a few bytes difference. - - <p><a name="index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e-203"></a><a name="index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e-204"></a>If you don't know what endianness your machine is, and you're curious, +time. So don’t be alarmed by just a few bytes difference. +</p> +<a name="index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e"></a> +<a name="index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e"></a> +<p>If you don’t know what endianness your machine is, and you’re curious, here is a little C program to tell you. (The <code>configure</code> script contains a similar program.) This is from the book <cite>C: A Reference Manual</cite>, by Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. (see <a href="#References">References</a>). - -<pre class="example"> main () - { - /* Are we little or big endian? From Harbison&Steele. */ - union - { - long l; - char c[sizeof (long)]; - } u; - u.l = 1; - if (u.c[0] == 1) - printf ("LittleEndian\n"); - else if (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1) - printf ("BigEndian\n"); - else - printf ("unknownEndian"); - - exit (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1); - } -</pre> - <div class="node"> +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">main () +{ + /* Are we little or big endian? From Harbison&Steele. */ + union + { + long l; + char c[sizeof (long)]; + } u; + u.l = 1; + if (u.c[0] == 1) + printf ("LittleEndian\n"); + else if (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1) + printf ("BigEndian\n"); + else + printf ("unknownEndian"); + + exit (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1); +} +</pre></div> + + +<hr> <a name="Editor-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames" accesskey="n" rel="next">\input filenames</a>, Previous: <a href="#Memory-dumps" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Memory dumps</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Editor-invocation-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Editor invocation</h4> -<p><a name="index-editor-invoked-at-error-205"></a><a name="index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at-206"></a><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bresponse-at-error-prompt_007d-207"></a> -TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost all (by default) stop and ask for user +<a name="index-editor-invoked-at-error"></a> +<a name="index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at"></a> +<a name="index-e-response-at-error-prompt"></a> + +<p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost all (by default) stop and ask for user intervention at an error. If the input came from a file, and the user responds with <kbd>e</kbd> or <kbd>E</kbd>, the program invokes an editor. - - <p><a name="index-TEXEDIT-208"></a><a name="index-MFEDIT-209"></a><a name="index-MPEDIT-210"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-211"></a>Specifying ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>’ to <code>configure</code> sets the +</p> +<a name="index-TEXEDIT"></a> +<a name="index-MFEDIT"></a> +<a name="index-MPEDIT"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003dcmd"></a> +<p>Specifying ‘<samp>--with-editor=<var>cmd</var></samp>’ to <code>configure</code> sets the default editor command string to <var>cmd</var>. The environment variables/configuration values <code>TEXEDIT</code>, <code>MFEDIT</code>, and -<code>MPEDIT</code> (respectively) override this. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor</span></samp>’ is +<code>MPEDIT</code> (respectively) override this. If ‘<samp>--with-editor</samp>’ is not specified, the default is <code>vi +%d %s</code> on Unix, and an invocation of the TeXworks editor on Windows. (See -<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> for the precise values.) - - <p>In this string, ‘<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>’ is replaced by the line number of the error, -and ‘<samp><span class="samp">%s</span></samp>’ is replaced by the name of the current input file. +<samp>texmf.cnf</samp> for the precise values.) +</p> +<p>In this string, ‘<samp>%d</samp>’ is replaced by the line number of the error, +and ‘<samp>%s</samp>’ is replaced by the name of the current input file. +</p> -<div class="node"> -<a name="%5cinput-filenames"></a> +<hr> <a name="g_t_005cinput-filenames"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Editor-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Editor invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Three-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Three programs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="g_t_005cinput-filenames-1"></a> <h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</h4> -<p><a name="index-input-filenames-212"></a><a name="index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files-213"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007bfilenames_007d-214"></a> -TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost source programs can all read other source +<a name="index-input-filenames"></a> +<a name="index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files"></a> +<a name="index-_005cinput-filenames"></a> + +<p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost source programs can all read other source files with the <code>\input</code> (TeX) and <code>input</code> (MF and MP) primitives: -<pre class="example"> \input <var>name</var> % in TeX -</pre> - <p><a name="index-space_002dterminated-filenames-215"></a><a name="index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-216"></a><a name="index-terminator-for-filenames-217"></a>The file <var>name</var> can always be terminated with whitespace; for -Metafont and MetaPost, the statement terminator ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ also works. +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input <var>name</var> % in TeX +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-space_002dterminated-filenames"></a> +<a name="index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames"></a> +<a name="index-terminator-for-filenames"></a> +<p>The file <var>name</var> can always be terminated with whitespace; for +Metafont and MetaPost, the statement terminator ‘<samp>;</samp>’ also works. (LaTeX and other macro packages provide other interfaces to <code>\input</code> that allow different notation; here we are concerned only -with the primitive operation.) - - <p>As of Web2c version 7.5.3, double-quote characters can be used to -include spaces or other special cases. In typical use, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>’ +with the primitive operation.) +</p> +<p>As of Web2c version 7.5.3, double-quote characters can be used to +include spaces or other special cases. In typical use, the ‘<samp>"</samp>’ characters surround the entire filename: -<pre class="example"> \input "filename with spaces" -</pre> - <p>Technically, the quote characters can be used inside the name, and +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input "filename with spaces" +</pre></div> + +<p>Technically, the quote characters can be used inside the name, and can enclose any characters, as in: -<pre class="example"> \input filename" "with" "spaces -</pre> - <p>One more point. In LaTeX, the quotes are needed inside the braces, thus -<pre class="example"> \input{a b} % fails - \input{"a b"} % ok -</pre> - <p>This quoting mechanism comes into play <em>after</em> TeX has +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input filename" "with" "spaces +</pre></div> + +<p>One more point. In LaTeX, the quotes are needed inside the braces, thus +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input{a b} % fails +\input{"a b"} % ok +</pre></div> + +<p>This quoting mechanism comes into play <em>after</em> TeX has tokenized and expanded the input. So, multiple spaces and tabs may be -seen as a single space, active characters such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ are +seen as a single space, active characters such as ‘<samp>~</samp>’ are expanded first, and so on. (See below.) - - <p><a name="index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-218"></a><a name="index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-219"></a><a name="index-meta-characters-in-filenames-220"></a>On the other hand, various C library routines and Unix itself use the null +</p> +<a name="index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames"></a> +<a name="index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames"></a> +<a name="index-meta-characters-in-filenames"></a> +<p>On the other hand, various C library routines and Unix itself use the null byte (character code zero, ASCII NUL) to terminate strings. So filenames in Web2c cannot contain nulls, even though TeX itself does -not treat NUL specially. +not treat NUL specially. In addition, some older Unix variants do not allow eight-bit characters (codes 128–255) in filenames. - - <p><a name="index-portable-filenames-221"></a>For maximal portability of your document across systems, use only the -characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’–‘<samp><span class="samp">z</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’–‘<samp><span class="samp">9</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’, and +</p> +<a name="index-portable-filenames"></a> +<p>For maximal portability of your document across systems, use only the +characters ‘<samp>a</samp>’–‘<samp>z</samp>’, ‘<samp>0</samp>’–‘<samp>9</samp>’, and ‘<samp>.</samp>’, and restrict your filenames to at most eight characters (not including the extension), and at most a three-character extension. Do not use anything but simple filenames, since directory separators vary among systems; instead, add the necessary directories to the appropriate search path. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-222"></a><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-223"></a>Finally, the present Web2c implementation does ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ -expansion on <var>name</var>, unlike Knuth's original implementation and +</p> +<a name="index-_007e-expansion-in-filenames"></a> +<a name="index-_0024-expansion-in-filenames"></a> +<p>Finally, the present Web2c implementation does ‘<samp>~</samp>’ and ‘<samp>$</samp>’ +expansion on <var>name</var>, unlike Knuth’s original implementation and older versions of Web2c. Thus: -<pre class="example"> \input ~jsmith/$foo.bar -</pre> - <p>will dereference the environment variable or Kpathsea config file value -‘<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>’ and read that file extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.bar</span></samp>’ in user -‘<samp><span class="samp">jsmith</span></samp>’'s home directory. You can also use braces, as in -‘<samp><span class="samp">${foo}bar</span></samp>’, if you want to follow the variable name with a letter, -numeral, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>’. - - <p>(So another way to get a program to read a filename containing +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\input ~jsmith/$foo.bar +</pre></div> +<p>will dereference the environment variable or Kpathsea config file value +‘<samp>foo</samp>’ and read that file extended with ‘<samp>.bar</samp>’ in user +‘<samp>jsmith</samp>’’s home directory. You can also use braces, as in +‘<samp>${foo}bar</samp>’, if you want to follow the variable name with a letter, +numeral, or ‘<samp>_</samp>’. +</p> +<p>(So another way to get a program to read a filename containing whitespace is to define an environment variable and dereference it.) - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cstring-224"></a>In all the common TeX formats (plain TeX, LaTeX, AMSTeX), -the characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>’ have special category codes, so to +</p> +<a name="index-_005cstring"></a> +<p>In all the common TeX formats (plain TeX, LaTeX, AMSTeX), +the characters ‘<samp>~</samp>’ and ‘<samp>$</samp>’ have special category codes, so to actually use these in a document you have to change their catcodes or use <code>\string</code>. (The result is unportable anyway, see the suggestions above.) The place where they are most likely to be useful is when typing interactively. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="TeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="n" rel="next">Metafont</a>, Previous: <a href="#Commonalities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Commonalities</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="TeX_003a-Typesetting"></a> <h2 class="chapter">4 TeX: Typesetting</h2> -<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-description-of-225"></a><a name="index-typesetting-226"></a><a name="index-mathematical-typesetting-227"></a> -TeX is a typesetting system: it was especially designed to handle -complex mathematics, as well as most ordinary text typesetting. +<a name="index-TeX_002c-description-of"></a> +<a name="index-typesetting"></a> +<a name="index-mathematical-typesetting"></a> - <p><a name="index-batch-languages-228"></a><a name="index-word-processor_002c-not-229"></a>TeX is a batch language, like C or Pascal, and not an interactive +<p>TeX is a typesetting system: it was especially designed to handle +complex mathematics, as well as most ordinary text typesetting. +</p> +<a name="index-batch-languages"></a> +<a name="index-word-processor_002c-not"></a> +<p>TeX is a batch language, like C or Pascal, and not an interactive “word processor”: you compile a TeX input file into a corresponding device-independent (DVI) file (and then translate the DVI file to the commands for a particular output device). This approach has both @@ -1090,378 +1492,517 @@ considerable disadvantages and considerable advantages. For a complete description of the TeX language, see <cite>The TeXbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">References</a>). Many other books on TeX, introductory and otherwise, are available. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>: Invoking TeX. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>: Making format files. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Formats">Formats</a>: Major TeX macro packages. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>: TeX supports many human languages. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>: Running subprograms from TeX. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>: DVI output to a socket. -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>: Changes to the TeX language. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#tex-invocation" accesskey="1">tex invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Invoking TeX. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Initial-TeX" accesskey="2">Initial TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Making format files. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Formats" accesskey="3">Formats</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Major TeX macro packages. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="4">Languages and hyphenation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX supports many human languages. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Shell-escapes" accesskey="5">Shell escapes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Running subprograms from TeX. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="6">IPC and TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI output to a socket. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#TeX-extensions" accesskey="7">TeX extensions</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Changes to the TeX language. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="tex-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Initial-TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="tex-invocation-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</h3> -<p><a name="index-tex-230"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-invocation-231"></a> -TeX (usually invoked as <code>tex</code>) formats the given text and +<a name="index-tex"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-invocation"></a> + +<p>TeX (usually invoked as <code>tex</code>) formats the given text and commands, and outputs a corresponding device-independent representation of the typeset document. This section merely describes the options available in the Web2c implementation. For a complete description of the TeX typesetting language, see <cite>The TeXbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">References</a>). - - <p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost process the command line (described +</p> +<p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost process the command line (described here) and determine their memory dump (fmt) file in the same way (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). Synopses: - -<pre class="example"> tex [<var>option</var>]... [<var>texname</var>[.tex]] [<var>tex-commands</var>] - tex [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var> - tex [<var>option</var>]... &<var>fmt</var> <var>args</var> -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002etex-232"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-input-files-found-233"></a>TeX searches the usual places for the main input file <var>texname</var> -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending -<var>texname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">tex [<var>option</var>]… [<var>texname</var>[.tex]] [<var>tex-commands</var>] +tex [<var>option</var>]… \<var>first-line</var> +tex [<var>option</var>]… &<var>fmt</var> <var>args</var> +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-input-files-found"></a> +<p>TeX searches the usual places for the main input file <var>texname</var> +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>), extending +<var>texname</var> with <samp>.tex</samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to -‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>After <var>texname</var> is read, TeX processes any remaining +‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. +</p> +<p>After <var>texname</var> is read, TeX processes any remaining <var>tex-commands</var> on the command line as regular TeX input. Also, if the first non-option argument begins with a TeX escape character (usually <code>\</code>), TeX processes all non-option command-line arguments as a line of regular TeX input. - - <p>If no arguments or options are specified, TeX prompts for an -input file name with ‘<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-texput-234"></a>TeX writes the main DVI output to the file -<samp><var>basetexname</var><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, where <var>basetexname</var> is the basename of -<var>texname</var>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">texput</span></samp>’ if no input file was specified. A DVI +</p> +<p>If no arguments or options are specified, TeX prompts for an +input file name with ‘<samp>**</samp>’. +</p> +<a name="index-texput"></a> +<p>TeX writes the main DVI output to the file +<samp><var>basetexname</var>.dvi</samp>, where <var>basetexname</var> is the basename of +<var>texname</var>, or ‘<samp>texput</samp>’ if no input file was specified. A DVI file is a device-independent binary representation of your TeX document. The idea is that after running TeX, you translate the DVI file using a separate program to the commands for a particular output device, such as a PostScript printer -(see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>) or an X Window System display +(see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) or an X Window System display (see xdvi(1)). - - <p><a name="index-EC-fonts-235"></a><a name="index-mktextfM_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-236"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfont-_0040r_007band-dynamic-generation_007d-237"></a>TeX also reads TFM files for any fonts you load in your document with +</p> +<a name="index-EC-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-mktextfM_002c-disabling"></a> +<a name="index-_005cfont-and-dynamic-generation"></a> +<p>TeX also reads TFM files for any fonts you load in your document with the <code>\font</code> primitive. By default, it runs an external program -named <samp><span class="file">mktextfm</span></samp> to create any nonexistent TFM files. You can -disable this at configure-time or runtime (see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>). This is enabled mostly for the +named <samp>mktextfm</samp> to create any nonexistent TFM files. You can +disable this at configure-time or runtime (see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex +configuration</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). This is enabled mostly for the sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005copenout-_0040r_007band-security_007d-238"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005copenout_007d-239"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-240"></a><a name="index-Trojan-horses-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-241"></a><a name="index-dot-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-242"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-output-files-243"></a>TeX can write output files, via the <code>\openout</code> primitive; this opens +</p> +<a name="index-_005copenout-and-security"></a> +<a name="index-security_002c-and-_005copenout"></a> +<a name="index-output-files_002c-written-by-TeX-programs"></a> +<a name="index-Trojan-horses-and-TeX-programs"></a> +<a name="index-dot-files_002c-written-by-TeX-programs"></a> +<a name="index-security_002c-and-output-files"></a> +<p>TeX can write output files, via the <code>\openout</code> primitive; this opens a security hole vulnerable to Trojan horse attack: an unwitting user could -run a TeX program that overwrites, say, <samp><span class="file">~/.rhosts</span></samp>. (MetaPost has +run a TeX program that overwrites, say, <samp>~/.rhosts</samp>. (MetaPost has a <code>write</code> primitive with similar implications). To alleviate this and similar problems the functions <code>kpathsea_out_name_ok</code> and -<code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code> from the Kpathse library (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>) are used to determine if a given filename +<code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code> from the Kpathse library (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Calling-sequence">Calling +sequence</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>) are used to determine if a given filename is acceptable to be opened for output or input, depending on the setting of the configuration variables <code>openout_any</code> and <code>openin_any</code>: -‘<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>’ (for “any”, the default for <code>openin_any</code>), ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ (for -“restricted”), or ‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’ (for “paranoid”, the default for +‘<samp>a</samp>’ (for “any”, the default for <code>openin_any</code>), ‘<samp>r</samp>’ (for +“restricted”), or ‘<samp>p</samp>’ (for “paranoid”, the default for <code>openout_any</code>). - - <p>In any case, all <code>\openout</code> filenames are recorded in the log file, +</p> +<p>In any case, all <code>\openout</code> filenames are recorded in the log file, except those opened on the first line of input, which is processed when the log file has not yet been opened. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-enc</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-[no]-file-line-error</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-fmt=<var>fmtname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-halt-on-error</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-ini</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-interaction=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-ipc</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-ipc-start</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-jobname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-kpathsea-debug=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-[no]parse-first-line</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-output-directory</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-progname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-recorder</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denc-244"></a><a name="index-Unicode-input-245"></a><a name="index-UTF_002d8-input-246"></a>Enable encTeX extensions, such as <code>\mubyte</code>. This can be used +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-enc</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002denc"></a> +<a name="index-Unicode-input"></a> +<a name="index-UTF_002d8-input"></a> +<p>Enable encTeX extensions, such as <code>\mubyte</code>. This can be used to support Unicode UTF-8 input encoding. See <a href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dipc-247"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-248"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-249"></a>With either option, TeX writes its DVI output to a socket as well as -to the usual <samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp> file. With ‘<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>’, TeX also +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-ipc</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-ipc-start</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dipc"></a> +<a name="index-_002dipc_002dstart"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-option"></a> +<p>With either option, TeX writes its DVI output to a socket as well as +to the usual <samp>.dvi</samp> file. With ‘<samp>-ipc-start</samp>’, TeX also opens a server program at the other end to read the output. See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. - - <p>These options are available only if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>’ option was +</p> +<p>These options are available only if the ‘<samp>--enable-ipc</samp>’ option was specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-250"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-251"></a>Turn on or off the ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. -For TeX proper, <var>filetype</var> can only be ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>’, but for pdfTeX and luaTeX, it can also be ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmltex-252"></a><a name="index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-253"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-254"></a>If we are <code>INITEX</code> (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), enable MLTeX +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-mktex=<var>filetype</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-no-mktex=<var>filetype</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmktex_003dfiletype"></a> +<a name="index-_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype"></a> +<p>Turn on or off the ‘<samp>mktex</samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. +For TeX proper, <var>filetype</var> can only be ‘<samp>tex</samp>’ and +‘<samp>tfm</samp>’, but for pdfTeX and luaTeX, it can also be ‘<samp>pk</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-mltex</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmltex"></a> +<a name="index-MLTeX_002c-enabling"></a> +<a name="index-program-names_002c-special-2"></a> +<p>If we are <code>INITEX</code> (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), enable MLTeX extensions such as <code>\charsubdef</code>. Implicitly set if the program name is <code>mltex</code>. See <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-comment=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-255"></a><a name="index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-256"></a><a name="index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-257"></a><a name="index-regression-testing-258"></a>Use <var>string</var> as the DVI file comment. Ordinarily, this comment +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-output-comment=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002doutput_002dcomment_003dstring"></a> +<a name="index-output_005fcomment-for-DVI-files"></a> +<a name="index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying"></a> +<a name="index-regression-testing"></a> +<p>Use <var>string</var> as the DVI file comment. Ordinarily, this comment records the date and time of the TeX run, but if you are doing regression testing, you may not want the DVI file to have this spurious difference. This is also taken from the environment variable and -config file value ‘<samp><span class="samp">output_comment</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-shell-escape</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-259"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-260"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-shell-restricted</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002drestricted-261"></a>Enable, or disable, or enable with restrictions the -<code>\write18{</code><var>shell-command</var><code>}</code> feature for external executing +config file value ‘<samp>output_comment</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-shell-escape</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dshell_002descape"></a> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-no-shell-escape</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dno_002dshell_002descape"></a> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-shell-restricted</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dshell_002drestricted"></a> +<p>Enable, or disable, or enable with restrictions the +<code>\write18{<var>shell-command</var>}</code> feature for external executing shell commands. See <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-enable-write18</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denable_002dwrite18-262"></a><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-disable-write18</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddisable_002dwrite18-263"></a>Synonyms for <samp><span class="option">-shell-escape</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>, for +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-enable-write18</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002denable_002dwrite18"></a> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-disable-write18</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002ddisable_002dwrite18"></a> +<p>Synonyms for <samp>-shell-escape</samp> and <samp>-no-shell-escape</samp>, for compatibility with MiKTeX. (MiKTeX also accepts both pairs of options.) See <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials-264"></a>This option makes TeX output specific source information using -‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ commands in the DVI file. These ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ track +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-src-specials</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-src-specials=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials"></a> +<p>This option makes TeX output specific source information using +‘<samp>\special</samp>’ commands in the DVI file. These ‘<samp>\special</samp>’ track the current file name and line number. - - <p>Using the first form of this option, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ commands are +</p> +<p>Using the first form of this option, the ‘<samp>\special</samp>’ commands are inserted automatically. - - <p>In the second form of the option, <var>string</var> is -a comma separated list of the following values: ‘<samp><span class="samp">cr</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">display</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">hbox</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">math</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">par</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">parend</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">vbox</span></samp>’. You can use this list to specify where you want TeX to -output such commands. For example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=cr,math</span></samp>’ will +</p> +<p>In the second form of the option, <var>string</var> is +a comma separated list of the following values: ‘<samp>cr</samp>’, +‘<samp>display</samp>’, ‘<samp>hbox</samp>’, ‘<samp>math</samp>’, ‘<samp>par</samp>’, ‘<samp>parend</samp>’, +‘<samp>vbox</samp>’. You can use this list to specify where you want TeX to +output such commands. For example, ‘<samp>-src-specials=cr,math</samp>’ will output source information every line and every math formula. - - <p>These commands can be used with the appropriate DVI viewer and text +</p> +<p>These commands can be used with the appropriate DVI viewer and text editor to switch from the current position in the editor to the same position in the viewer and back from the viewer to the editor. - - <p>This option works by inserting ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ commands into the token +</p> +<p>This option works by inserting ‘<samp>\special</samp>’ commands into the token stream, and thus in principle these additional tokens can be recovered or seen by the tricky-enough macros. If you run across a case, let us know, because this counts as a bug. However, such bugs are very hard -to fix, requiring significant changes to TeX, so please don't count +to fix, requiring significant changes to TeX, so please don’t count on it. - - <p>Redefining ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ will not affect the functioning of this +</p> +<p>Redefining ‘<samp>\special</samp>’ will not affect the functioning of this option. The commands inserted into the token stream are -hard-coded to always use the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>’ primitive. - - <p>TeX does not pass the trip test when this option is enabled. +hard-coded to always use the ‘<samp>\special</samp>’ primitive. +</p> +<p>TeX does not pass the trip test when this option is enabled. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Initial-TeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Formats">Formats</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Formats" accesskey="n" rel="next">Formats</a>, Previous: <a href="#tex-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tex invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Initial-TeX-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.2 Initial TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-266"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002efmt-267"></a><a name="index-fmt-files-268"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form of TeX is invoked by ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex -ini</span></samp>’. It -does lengthy initializations avoided by the “virgin” (<code>vir</code>) -form, so as to be capable of dumping ‘<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>’ files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, -see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program -<samp><span class="command">initex</span></samp> was installed to invoke the initial form, but this is -no longer the case. - - <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>. +<a name="index-initial-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-initial"></a> - <p><a name="index-plain_002efmt-269"></a><a name="index-tex_002efmt-270"></a><a name="index-format-files-271"></a>Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used with +<a name="index-_002efmt"></a> +<a name="index-fmt-files"></a> +<p>The <em>initial</em> form of TeX is invoked by ‘<samp>tex -ini</samp>’. It +does lengthy initializations avoided by the “virgin” (<code>vir</code>) +form, so as to be capable of dumping ‘<samp>.fmt</samp>’ files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, +see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. +</p> +<p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>. +</p> +<a name="index-plain_002efmt"></a> +<a name="index-tex_002efmt"></a> +<a name="index-format-files"></a> +<p>Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used with TeX. The standard one implementing the features described in the -<cite>TeXbook</cite> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">plain.fmt</span></samp>’, also known as ‘<samp><span class="samp">tex.fmt</span></samp>’ +<cite>TeXbook</cite> is ‘<samp>plain.fmt</samp>’, also known as ‘<samp>tex.fmt</samp>’ (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if an -update to <samp><span class="file">plain.tex</span></samp> is issued): -<pre class="example"> tex -ini '\input plain \dump' -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) -Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.fmt</span></samp> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(fmtdir)</span></samp>’ -(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link -<samp><span class="file">tex.fmt</span></samp> to it. - - <p>The necessary invocation for generating a format file differs for each +update to <samp>plain.tex</samp> is issued): +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">tex -ini '\input plain \dump' +</pre></div> +<p>(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) +Then install the resulting <samp>plain.fmt</samp> in ‘<samp>$(fmtdir)</samp>’ +(<samp>/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</samp> by default), and link +<samp>tex.fmt</samp> to it. +</p> +<p>The necessary invocation for generating a format file differs for each format, so instructions that come with the format should explain. The -top-level <samp><span class="file">web2c</span></samp> Makefile has targets for making most common +top-level <samp>web2c</samp> Makefile has targets for making most common formats: <tt>plain latex amstex texinfo eplain</tt>. See <a href="#Formats">Formats</a>, for more details on TeX formats. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Formats"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Languages and hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Initial-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Formats-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.3 Formats</h3> -<p><a name="index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-273"></a><a name="index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-274"></a> -TeX <dfn>formats</dfn> are large collections of macros, often dumped -into a <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> file (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) by <code>tex -ini</code> +<a name="index-formats-for-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-format-packages-for"></a> +<a name="index-macro-packages_002c-major-TeX"></a> + +<p>TeX <em>formats</em> are large collections of macros, often dumped +into a <samp>.fmt</samp> file (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) by <code>tex -ini</code> (see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>). A number of formats are in reasonably widespread use, and the Web2c Makefile has targets to make the versions current at the time of release. You can change which formats are automatically built by setting the <code>fmts</code> Make variable; by default, -only the ‘<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’ formats are made. - - <p>You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the CTAN -archives in subdirectories of <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/macros</span></samp> (for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). The archive +only the ‘<samp>plain</samp>’ and ‘<samp>latex</samp>’ formats are made. +</p> +<p>You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the CTAN +archives in subdirectories of <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/macros</samp> (for CTAN info, +see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). The archive <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz</a> (also available from CTAN) contains most of these formats (although perhaps not the absolute latest version), among other things. - - <dl> -<dt><tt>latex</tt><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-275"></a>The most widely used format. The current release is named `LaTeX -2e'; new versions are released approximately every six months, with -patches issued as needed. The old release was called `LaTeX 2.09', +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><tt>latex</tt></dt> +<dd><a name="index-LaTeX"></a> +<p>The most widely used format. The current release is named ‘LaTeX +2e’; new versions are released approximately every six months, with +patches issued as needed. The old release was called ‘LaTeX 2.09’, and is no longer maintained or supported. LaTeX attempts to provide generic markup instructions, such as “emphasize”, instead of specific -typesetting instructions, such as “use the 10<span class="dmn">pt</span> Computer Modern +typesetting instructions, such as “use the 10pt Computer Modern italic font”. The LaTeX home page: <a href="http://www.latex-project.org">http://www.latex-project.org</a>. - - <br><dt><tt>context</tt><dd>ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document +</p> +</dd> +<dt><tt>context</tt></dt> +<dd><p>ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document structuring approach similar to LaTeX. It also supports creating interactive PDF files and has integrated MetaPost support, among many other interesting features. The ConTeXt home page: <a href="http://www.pragma-ade.com">http://www.pragma-ade.com</a>. - - <br><dt><tt>amstex</tt><dd><a name="index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-276"></a><a name="index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-277"></a><a name="index-Mathematical-Reviews-278"></a>The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical Society. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><tt>amstex</tt></dt> +<dd><a name="index-AMSTeX"></a> +<a name="index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system"></a> +<a name="index-Mathematical-Reviews"></a> +<p>The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical Society. Like LaTeX, it encourages generic markup commands. The AMS also provides many LaTeX package for authors who prefer LaTeX. Taken together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS publications, e.g., <cite>Mathematical Reviews</cite>. The AMSTeX home page: <a href="http://www.ams.org/tex">http://www.ams.org/tex</a>. - - <br><dt><tt>texinfo</tt><dd><a name="index-Texinfo-279"></a><a name="index-Info-format-280"></a><a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-281"></a>The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free Software +</p> +</dd> +<dt><tt>texinfo</tt></dt> +<dd><a name="index-Texinfo"></a> +<a name="index-Info-format"></a> +<a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system"></a> +<p>The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free Software Foundation for their software manuals. It can be automatically converted into plain text, a machine-readable on-line format called -`info', HTML, etc. The Texinfo home page: +‘info’, HTML, etc. The Texinfo home page: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo</a>. - - <br><dt><tt>eplain</tt><dd><a name="index-Eplain-282"></a><a name="index-expanded-plain-format-283"></a>The “expanded plain” format provides various common features (e.g., +</p> +</dd> +<dt><tt>eplain</tt></dt> +<dd><a name="index-Eplain"></a> +<a name="index-expanded-plain-format"></a> +<p>The “expanded plain” format provides various common features (e.g., symbolic cross-referencing, tables of contents, indexing, citations using BibTeX), for those authors who prefer to handle their own high-level formatting. The Eplain home page: <a href="http://www.tug.org/eplain">http://www.tug.org/eplain</a>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><tt>slitex</tt></dt> +<dd><a name="index-SliTeX"></a> +<a name="index-slides_002c-producing"></a> +<p>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by +the ‘<samp>slides</samp>’ document class, along with the ‘<samp>beamer</samp>’, +‘<samp>texpower</samp>’, and other packages. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - <br><dt><tt>slitex</tt><dd><a name="index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-284"></a><a name="index-slides_002c-producing-285"></a>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">slides</span></samp>’ document class, along with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">beamer</span></samp>’, -‘<samp><span class="samp">texpower</span></samp>’, and other packages. - - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Languages-and-hyphenation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Formats">Formats</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Shell-escapes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Shell escapes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Formats</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Languages-and-hyphenation-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</h3> -<p><a name="index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-286"></a><a name="index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-287"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-and-languages-288"></a> -TeX supports most natural languages. See also <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>. +<a name="index-language-support-in-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-hyphenation-and-languages"></a> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>: Multi-lingual TeX. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>: Creating hyphenation patterns. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>: Support for different character sets & fonts. -</ul> +<p>TeX supports most natural languages. See also <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="1">MLTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Multi-lingual TeX. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#TCX-files" accesskey="2">TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Support for different character sets & fonts. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#patgen-invocation" accesskey="3">patgen invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating hyphenation patterns. +</td></tr> +</table> -<div class="node"> -<a name="MLTeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a> +<hr> +<a name="MLTeX"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#TCX-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">TCX files</a>, Up: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages and hyphenation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="MLTeX_003a-Multi_002dlingual-TeX"></a> <h4 class="subsection">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</h4> -<p><a name="index-mltex-289"></a><a name="index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-290"></a> -<a name="index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-291"></a><a name="index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-292"></a><a name="index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-293"></a><a name="index-glyph-substitutions-294"></a><a name="index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-295"></a>Multi-lingual TeX (<code>mltex</code>) is an extension of TeX originally +<a name="index-mltex"></a> +<a name="index-Multi_002dlingual-TeX"></a> + +<a name="index-Ferguson_002c-Michael"></a> +<a name="index-Raichle_002c-Bernd"></a> +<a name="index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with"></a> +<a name="index-glyph-substitutions"></a> +<a name="index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs"></a> +<p>Multi-lingual TeX (<code>mltex</code>) is an extension of TeX originally written by Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd Raichle. It allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by declaring glyph substitutions. These are restricted to substitutions of an accented character glyph, which need not be defined in the current font, by its appropriate <code>\accent</code> construction using a base and -accent character glyph, which do have to exist in the current font. +accent character glyph, which do have to exist in the current font. This substitution is automatically done behind the scenes, if necessary, and thus MLTeX additionally supports hyphenation of words containing an accented character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer Modern). Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case. - - <p>MLTeX works at <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>-creation time: the basic idea is to -specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>’ option to TeX when you <code>\dump</code> a +</p> +<p>MLTeX works at <samp>.fmt</samp>-creation time: the basic idea is to +specify the ‘<samp>-mltex</samp>’ option to TeX when you <code>\dump</code> a format. Then, when you subsequently invoke TeX and read that <code>.fmt</code> file, the MLTeX features described below will be enabled. - - <p>Generally, you use special macro files to create an MLTeX <code>.fmt</code> +</p> +<p>Generally, you use special macro files to create an MLTeX <code>.fmt</code> file. - - <p>The sections below describe the two new primitives that MLTeX defines. +</p> +<p>The sections below describe the two new primitives that MLTeX defines. Aside from these, MLTeX is completely compatible with standard TeX. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef" accesskey="1">\charsubdef</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Character substitution definitions. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef" accesskey="2">\tracingcharsubdef</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Tracing substitutions. +</td></tr> +</table> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a>: Character substitution definitions. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a>: Tracing substitutions. -</ul> -<div class="node"> -<a name="%5ccharsubdef"></a> +<hr> <a name="g_t_005ccharsubdef"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef" accesskey="n" rel="next">\tracingcharsubdef</a>, Up: <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">MLTeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="g_t_005ccharsubdef_003a-Character-substitutions"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</h5> +<a name="index-_005ccharsubdef-and-MLTeX"></a> -<p><a name="index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-296"></a> -The most important primitive MLTeX adds is <code>\charsubdef</code>, used +<p>The most important primitive MLTeX adds is <code>\charsubdef</code>, used in a way reminiscent of <code>\chardef</code>: -<pre class="example"> \charsubdef <var>composite</var> [=] <var>accent</var> <var>base</var> -</pre> - <p>Each of <var>composite</var>, <var>accent</var>, and <var>base</var> are font glyph -numbers, expressed in the usual TeX syntax: <tt>`\e</tt> symbolically, -<tt>'145</tt> for octal, <tt>"65</tt> for hex, <tt>101</tt> for decimal. +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\charsubdef <var>composite</var> [=] <var>accent</var> <var>base</var> +</pre></div> - <p>MLTeX's <code>\charsubdef</code> declares how to construct an accented +<p>Each of <var>composite</var>, <var>accent</var>, and <var>base</var> are font glyph +numbers, expressed in the usual TeX syntax: <tt>`\e</tt> symbolically, +<tt>'145</tt> for octal, <tt>"65</tt> for hex, <tt>101</tt> for decimal. +</p> +<p>MLTeX’s <code>\charsubdef</code> declares how to construct an accented character glyph (not necessarily existing in the current font) using two character glyphs (that do exist). Thus it defines whether a character glyph code, either typed as a single character or using the <code>\char</code> primitive, will be mapped to a font glyph or to an <code>\accent</code> glyph construction. - - <p>For example, if you assume glyph code 138 -<a name="index-e_002dcircumflex-297"></a>(decimal) for an e-circumflex +</p> +<p>For example, if you assume glyph code 138 +<a name="index-e_002dcircumflex"></a> +(decimal) for an e-circumflex and you are using the Computer Modern fonts, which have the circumflex -accent in position 18 and lowercase `e' in the usual ASCII position 101 +accent in position 18 and lowercase ‘e’ in the usual ASCII position 101 decimal, you would use <code>\charsubdef</code> as follows: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\charsubdef 138 = 18 101 +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \charsubdef 138 = 18 101 -</pre> - <p>For the plain TeX format to make use of this substitution, you have +<p>For the plain TeX format to make use of this substitution, you have to redefine the circumflex accent macro <code>\^</code> in such a way that if -its argument is character `e' the expansion <code>\char138 </code> is used +its argument is character ‘e’ the expansion <code>\char138 </code> is used instead of <code>\accent18 e</code>. Similar <code>\charsubdef</code> declaration and macro redefinitions have to be done for all other accented characters. - - <p>To disable a previous <code>\charsubdef </code><var>c</var>, redefine <var>c</var> +</p> +<p>To disable a previous <code>\charsubdef <var>c</var></code>, redefine <var>c</var> as a pair of zeros. For example: -<pre class="example"> \charsubdef '321 = 0 0 % disable N tilde -</pre> - <p><a name="index-N-tilde-298"></a>(Octal <tt>'321</tt> is the ISO Latin-1 value for the Spanish N tilde.) - - <p><code>\charsubdef</code> commands should only be given once. Although in +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\charsubdef '321 = 0 0 % disable N tilde +</pre></div> +<a name="index-N-tilde"></a> +<p>(Octal <tt>'321</tt> is the ISO Latin-1 value for the Spanish N tilde.) +</p> +<p><code>\charsubdef</code> commands should only be given once. Although in principle you can use <code>\charsubdef</code> at any time, the result is unspecified. If <code>\charsubdef</code> declarations are changed, usually either incorrect character dimensions will be used or MLTeX will @@ -1471,255 +2012,289 @@ to the current horizontal list, to compute the width of a horizontal box when the box gets packed, and when building the <code>\accent</code> construction at <code>\shipout</code>-time. In summary, the substitution is accessed often, so changing it is not desirable, nor generally useful.) +</p> -<div class="node"> -<a name="%5ctracingcharsubdef"></a> +<hr> <a name="g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\charsubdef</a>, Up: <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">MLTeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> +<a name="g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef_003a-Substitution-diagnostics"></a> +<h4 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h4> -<h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h5> - -<p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-299"></a><a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions-300"></a>To help diagnose problems with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\charsubdef</span></samp>’, MLTeX provides a +<a name="index-_005ctracingcharsubdef-and-MLTeX"></a> +<a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions"></a> +<p>To help diagnose problems with ‘<samp>\charsubdef</samp>’, MLTeX provides a new primitive parameter, <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>. If positive, every use of <code>\charsubdef</code> will be reported. This can help track down when a character is redefined. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-301"></a>In addition, if the TeX parameter <code>\tracinglostchars</code> is 100 or +</p> +<a name="index-_005ctracinglostchars-and-MLTeX"></a> +<p>In addition, if the TeX parameter <code>\tracinglostchars</code> is 100 or more, the character substitutions actually performed at <code>\shipout</code>-time will be recorded. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="TCX-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#patgen-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">patgen invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#MLTeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MLTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages and hyphenation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="TCX-files_003a-Character-translations"></a> <h4 class="subsection">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</h4> -<p><a name="index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-302"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-303"></a><a name="index-character-translation-files-304"></a> -<a name="index-international-characters-305"></a><a name="index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-306"></a><a name="index-accented-character-307"></a>TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct +<a name="index-TCX-character-translation-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002etcx-character-translation-files-1"></a> +<a name="index-character-translation-files"></a> + +<a name="index-international-characters"></a> +<a name="index-8_002dbit-characters"></a> +<a name="index-accented-character"></a> +<p>TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct input of 8-bit international characters if fonts containing those characters are being used. Specifically, they map an input (keyboard) character code to the internal TeX character code (a superset of ASCII). - - <p>Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding, -TCX files were chosen because they follow Knuth's original ideas for -the use of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xchr</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">xord</span></samp>’ tables. He ventured that +</p> +<p>Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding, +TCX files were chosen because they follow Knuth’s original ideas for +the use of the ‘<samp>xchr</samp>’ and ‘<samp>xord</samp>’ tables. He ventured that these would be changed in the WEB source in order to adjust the actual version to a given environment. It turns out, however, that recompiling the WEB sources is not as simple a task as Knuth may have imagined; therefore, TCX files, providing the possibility of changing of the conversion tables on on-the-fly, have been implemented instead. - - <p>This approach limits the portability of TeX documents, as some +</p> +<p>This approach limits the portability of TeX documents, as some implementations do not support it (or use a different method for input-internal reencoding). It may also be problematic to determine the encoding to use for a TeX document of unknown provenance; in the worst case, failure to do so correctly may result in subtle errors in the typeset output. But we feel the benefits outweigh these disadvantages. - - <p>This is entirely independent of the MLTeX extension (see <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>): +</p> +<p>This is entirely independent of the MLTeX extension (see <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>): whereas a TCX file defines how an input keyboard character is mapped to -TeX's internal code, MLTeX defines substitutions for a +TeX’s internal code, MLTeX defines substitutions for a non-existing character glyph in a font with a <code>\accent</code> construction made out of two separate character glyphs. TCX files involve no new primitives; it is not possible to specify that an input (keyboard) character maps to more than one character. - - <p><a name="index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-308"></a>Information on specifying TCX files: - - <ul> -<li>The best way to specify a TCX file is to list it explicitly in the +</p> +<a name="index-WEB2C_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files"></a> +<p>Information on specifying TCX files: +</p> +<ul> +<li> The best way to specify a TCX file is to list it explicitly in the first line of the main document: - <pre class="example"> %& -translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var> -</pre> - <li>You can also specify a TCX file to be used on a particular TeX run -with the command-line option ‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’. +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%& -translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var> +</pre></div> - <li>TCX files are searched for along the <code>WEB2C</code> path. +</li><li> You can also specify a TCX file to be used on a particular TeX run +with the command-line option ‘<samp>-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></samp>’. - <li>Initial TeX (see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>) ignores TCX files. -</ul> +</li><li> TCX files are searched for along the <code>WEB2C</code> path. - <p><a name="index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-309"></a><a name="index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-310"></a><a name="index-empty_002etcx-311"></a><a name="index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-312"></a><a name="index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-313"></a>The Web2c distribution comes with a number of TCX files. Two -important ones are <samp><span class="file">il1-t1.tcx</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">il2-t1.tcx</span></samp>, which +</li><li> Initial TeX (see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>) ignores TCX files. +</li></ul> + +<a name="index-il1_002dt1_002etcx"></a> +<a name="index-il2_002dt1_002etcx"></a> +<a name="index-empty_002etcx"></a> +<a name="index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input"></a> +<a name="index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input"></a> +<p>The Web2c distribution comes with a number of TCX files. Two +important ones are <samp>il1-t1.tcx</samp> and <samp>il2-t1.tcx</samp>, which support ISO Latin 1 and ISO Latin 2, respectively, with Cork-encoded -fonts (a.k.a. the LaTeX T1 encoding). TCX files for Czech, +fonts (a.k.a. the LaTeX T1 encoding). TCX files for Czech, Polish, and Slovak are also provided. - - <p>One other notable TCX file is <samp><span class="file">empty.tcx</span></samp>, which is, well, -empty. Its purpose is to reset Web2C's behavior to the default (only +</p> +<p>One other notable TCX file is <samp>empty.tcx</samp>, which is, well, +empty. Its purpose is to reset Web2C’s behavior to the default (only visible ASCII being printable, as described below) when a format was dumped with another TCX being active—which is in fact the case for -everything but plain TeX in the TeX Live and other distributions. +everything but plain TeX in the TeX Live and other distributions. Thus: - -<pre class="example"> latex somefile8.tex - ⇒ terminal etc. output with 8-bit chars - latex --translate-file=empty.tcx somefile8.tex - ⇒ terminal etc. output with ^^ notation -</pre> - <p><a name="index-syntax-of-TCX-files-314"></a>Syntax of TCX files: - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-315"></a>Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored. - - <li><a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-316"></a>Whitespace is ignored except as a separator. - - <li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-317"></a>Comments start with ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ and continue to the end of the line. - - <li>Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes, optionally +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">latex somefile8.tex +⇒ terminal etc. output with 8-bit chars +latex --translate-file=empty.tcx somefile8.tex +⇒ terminal etc. output with ^^ notation +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-syntax-of-TCX-files"></a> +<p>Syntax of TCX files: +</p><ol> +<li> <a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored. + +</li><li> <a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +Whitespace is ignored except as a separator. + +</li><li> <a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +Comments start with ‘<samp>%</samp>’ and continue to the end of the line. + +</li><li> Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes, optionally followed by 0 or 1. The last number indicates whether <var>dest</var> is considered printable. - <pre class="example"> <var>src</var> [<var>dest</var> [<var>prnt</var>]] -</pre> - <li><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-318"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-319"></a><a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-320"></a><a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-321"></a>Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’, -hexadecimal with a leading ‘<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>’, or decimal otherwise. Values must +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example"><var>src</var> [<var>dest</var> [<var>prnt</var>]] +</pre></div> + +</li><li> <a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +<a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +<a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +<a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files"></a> +Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading ‘<samp>0</samp>’, +hexadecimal with a leading ‘<samp>0x</samp>’, or decimal otherwise. Values must be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal). - <li>If the <var>dest</var> code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as +</li><li> If the <var>dest</var> code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as <var>src</var>. - <li>If the same <var>src</var> code is specified more than once, it is the last +</li><li> If the same <var>src</var> code is specified more than once, it is the last definition that counts. - </ol> +</li></ol> - <p><a name="index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-322"></a><a name="index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-323"></a>Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with +<a name="index-printable-characters_002c-specifying"></a> +<a name="index-_005e_005e-notation_002c-avoiding"></a> +<p>Finally, here’s what happens: when TeX sees an input character with code <var>src</var>, it 1) changes <var>src</var> to <var>dest</var>; and 2) makes the <var>dest</var> code “printable”, i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the -log file rather than in ‘<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>’ notation. - - <p>By default, no characters are translated, and character codes between 32 +log file rather than in ‘<samp>^^</samp>’ notation. +</p> +<p>By default, no characters are translated, and character codes between 32 and 126 inclusive (decimal) are printable. - - <p>Specifying translations for the printable ASCII characters (codes -32–127) will yield unpredictable results. Additionally you shouldn't +</p> +<p>Specifying translations for the printable ASCII characters (codes +32–127) will yield unpredictable results. Additionally you shouldn’t make the following characters printable: <code>^^I</code> (TAB), <code>^^J</code> (line feed), <code>^^M</code> (carriage return), and <code>^^?</code> (delete), since TeX uses them in various ways. - - <p><a name="index-font-character-code_002c-translating-324"></a><a name="index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-325"></a>Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for +</p> +<a name="index-font-character-code_002c-translating"></a> +<a name="index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating"></a> +<p>Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for <var>src</var>, and the output (font) character code for <var>dest</var>. - - <p><a name="index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-326"></a>By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered printable -by TeX. If you specify the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’ option, all characters are -considered printable by default. If you specify both the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’ +</p> +<a name="index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_002d8bit_002e"></a> +<p>By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered printable +by TeX. If you specify the ‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’ option, all characters are +considered printable by default. If you specify both the ‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’ option and a TCX file, then the TCX can set specific characters to be non-printable. - - <p>Both the specified TCX encoding and whether characters are printable -are saved in the dump files (like <samp><span class="file">tex.fmt</span></samp>). So by giving these -options in combination with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’, you control the defaults seen +</p> +<p>Both the specified TCX encoding and whether characters are printable +are saved in the dump files (like <samp>tex.fmt</samp>). So by giving these +options in combination with ‘<samp>-ini</samp>’, you control the defaults seen by anyone who uses the resulting dump file. - - <p>When loading a dump, if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’ option was given, then all +</p> +<p>When loading a dump, if the ‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’ option was given, then all characters become printable by default. - - <p>When loading a dump, if a TCX file was specified, then the TCX data from +</p> +<p>When loading a dump, if a TCX file was specified, then the TCX data from the dump is ignored and the data from the file used instead. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="patgen-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#TCX-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TCX files</a>, Up: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages and hyphenation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Patgen_003a-Creating-hyphenation-patterns"></a> <h4 class="subsection">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</h4> -<p><a name="index-patgen-327"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-328"></a><a name="index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-329"></a> -Patgen creates hyphenation patterns from dictionary files for use with +<a name="index-patgen"></a> +<a name="index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating"></a> +<a name="index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for"></a> + +<p>Patgen creates hyphenation patterns from dictionary files for use with TeX. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">patgen <var>dictionary</var> <var>patterns</var> <var>output</var> <var>translate</var> +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> patgen <var>dictionary</var> <var>patterns</var> <var>output</var> <var>translate</var> -</pre> - <p>Each argument is a filename. No path searching is done. The output is +<p>Each argument is a filename. No path searching is done. The output is written to the file <var>output</var>. +</p> -<!-- @table @var --> -<!-- @item dictionary --> -<!-- @cindex dictionary file --> -<!-- @findex \lefthyphemmin --> -<!-- @findex \righthyphenmin --> -<!-- The first line contains the values of @code{}\lefthyphenmin} and --> -<!-- @code{\righthyphenmin} in columns 1-2 and 3-4. Columns 5, 6, and 7 may --> -<!-- optionally contain replacements for the default characters @samp{.}, --> -<!-- @samp{-}, and @samp{*} respectively used in the word lists. --> -<!-- Subsequent lines are either comments (if they start with two identical --> -<!-- characters, e.g., @samp{%%}), or contain the external representation of --> -<!-- the lower case version of a letter, followed by an arbitrary number of --> -<!-- upper case versions, preceded and separated by a delimiter and followed --> -<!-- by two consecutive delimiters. The delimiter may be any character not --> -<!-- occurring in either version. --> - <p>In addition, Patgen prompts interactively for other values. - - <p>For more information, see <cite>Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-puter</cite> by -Frank Liang (see <a href="#References">References</a>), and also the <samp><span class="file">patgen.web</span></samp> source file. - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - -<div class="node"> -<a name="Shell-escapes"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> +<p>In addition, Patgen prompts interactively for other values. +</p> +<p>For more information, see <cite>Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-puter</cite> by +Frank Liang (see <a href="#References">References</a>), and also the <samp>patgen.web</samp> source file. +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> +<hr> +<a name="Shell-escapes"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">IPC and TeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Languages and hyphenation</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Shell-escapes-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.5 Shell escapes</h3> -<p><a name="index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-330"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-331"></a><a name="index-restricted-shell-escapes-332"></a><a name="index-system-command-333"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-334"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-335"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-336"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-337"></a> -TeX can execute <dfn>shell escapes</dfn>, that is, arbitrary shell +<a name="index-shell-commands-in-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes"></a> +<a name="index-restricted-shell-escapes"></a> +<a name="index-system-command"></a> +<a name="index-shell_005fescape-enabling-in-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-_005cimmediate_005cwrite18"></a> +<a name="index-_005cwrite18-shell-escape-extension"></a> +<a name="index-system-C-library-function"></a> + +<p>TeX can execute <em>shell escapes</em>, that is, arbitrary shell commands. Although tremendously useful, this also has obvious security implications. Therefore, as of TeX Live 2009, a -<dfn>restricted</dfn> mode for shell escapes is the default mode of +<em>restricted</em> mode for shell escapes is the default mode of operation, which allows executing only certain commands, as specified -in the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> configuration file. - - <ul> -<li>Unrestricted shell escapes are allowed if the option -<samp><span class="option">--shell-escape</span></samp> is specified, or if the environment variable -or config file value <code>shell_escape</code> is set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>’ or -‘<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’. +in the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> configuration file. +</p> +<ul> +<li> Unrestricted shell escapes are allowed if the option +<samp>--shell-escape</samp> is specified, or if the environment variable +or config file value <code>shell_escape</code> is set to ‘<samp>t</samp>’ or +‘<samp>y</samp>’ and ‘<samp>1</samp>’. - <li>Restricted shell escapes are allowed if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to -‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’. This is the default. +</li><li> Restricted shell escapes are allowed if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to +‘<samp>p</samp>’. This is the default. - <li>Shell escapes are completely disabled if <samp><span class="option">--no-shell-escape</span></samp> is -specified, or if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to anything else. -</ul> +</li><li> Shell escapes are completely disabled if <samp>--no-shell-escape</samp> is +specified, or if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to anything else. +</li></ul> - <p>When enabled, the TeX construct to execute a system command is -<code>\write18{</code><var>shell-command</var><code>}</code>; for example: +<p>When enabled, the TeX construct to execute a system command is +<code>\write18{<var>shell-command</var>}</code>; for example: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\write18{echo "hello, world"} +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> \write18{echo "hello, world"} -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_005coutput-_0040r_007broutine_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005cwrite_007d_007d-338"></a>From TeX's point of view, this is a normal <code>\write</code> command, +<a name="index-_005coutput-routine_002c-and-_005cwrite"></a> +<p>From TeX’s point of view, this is a normal <code>\write</code> command, and is therefore subject to the usual TeX expansions. Also, the -system call either happens during the ‘<samp><span class="samp">\output</span></samp>’ routine or right +system call either happens during the ‘<samp>\output</samp>’ routine or right away, according to the absence or presence of the <code>\immediate</code> prefix, as usual for <code>\write</code>. - - <p><a name="index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape-339"></a>The <var>shell-command</var> string is passed to the command shell (via the +</p> +<a name="index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape"></a> +<p>The <var>shell-command</var> string is passed to the command shell (via the C library function <code>system</code>). The output of <var>shell-command</var> is not diverted anywhere, so it will not appear in the log file, or anywhere but the terminal output. The exit status of the system call is also not available to TeX. - - <p>In unrestricted mode, the argument is simply passed straight to +</p> +<p>In unrestricted mode, the argument is simply passed straight to <code>system</code> unaltered. - - <p>In restricted mode, ASCII double quote characters (<tt>"</tt>) should +</p> +<p>In restricted mode, ASCII double quote characters (<tt>"</tt>) should always be used in the argument to <code>\write18</code> where quoting of arguments is needed, as in the example above. This is to achieve some measure of system independence. On Unix systems, these are replaced @@ -1728,112 +2303,151 @@ expansion. Care is also taken on Windows to avoid additional expansions (from, e.g., <tt>`...`</tt>). Mismatched quotation marks in the command string result in a diagnostic message in the log file; no execution is performed. - - <p><a name="index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands-340"></a>After quotation processing, if the first word (delimited by a space or +</p> +<a name="index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands"></a> +<p>After quotation processing, if the first word (delimited by a space or tab) of the command is in the list specified by the <code>shell_escape_commands</code> configuration value, the command is executed. Otherwise it is not. In any case, a message is written to the log file. - - <p>The <code>shell_escape_commands</code> value is a comma-separated list of +</p> +<p>The <code>shell_escape_commands</code> value is a comma-separated list of words. Whitespace is significant, and typically should not be present. The default definition looks like this, but with more commands included: - -<pre class="example"> shell_escape_commands = bibtex,dvips,epstopdf,...,tex -</pre> - <p><a name="index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing-341"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenin_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-342"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cinput_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-343"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenout_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-344"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cpdfshellescape-345"></a>pdfTeX and luaTeX support reading (via <code>\input</code> and +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">shell_escape_commands = bibtex,dvips,epstopdf,...,tex +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing"></a> +<a name="index-_005copenin_002c-and-pipes"></a> +<a name="index-_005cinput_002c-and-pipes"></a> +<a name="index-_005copenout_002c-and-pipes"></a> +<a name="index-_005cpdfshellescape"></a> +<p>pdfTeX and luaTeX support reading (via <code>\input</code> and <code>\openin</code>) and writing (via <code>\openout</code>) from pipes if the -first character is ‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’. The following command is then treated +first character is ‘<samp>|</samp>’. The following command is then treated exactly the same as the argument to <code>\write18</code>. In these engines, the primitive variable <code>\pdfshellescape</code> is set to 0 if shell escapes are disabled, 1 if they are enabled, and 2 if they are enabled with restrictions. - - <p><a name="index-web-environments_002c-and-security-346"></a>The purpose of this feature is to make it possible for TeX +</p> +<a name="index-web-environments_002c-and-security"></a> +<p>The purpose of this feature is to make it possible for TeX documents to perform useful external actions in the common case of an -individual user running a known document on his or her own machine. +individual user running a known document on his or her own machine. In such environments as CGI scripts or wikis where the input has to be considered untrustworthy, shell escapes should be completely disabled. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="IPC-and-TeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#TeX-extensions" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX extensions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Shell-escapes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Shell escapes</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="IPC-and-TeX-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.6 IPC and TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-IPC-347"></a><a name="index-sockets-348"></a>(If anyone uses this feature and needs documentation, write +<a name="index-IPC"></a> +<a name="index-sockets"></a> +<p>(If anyone uses this feature and needs documentation, write <a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a>.) - - <p>This functionality is available only if the ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>’ option +</p> +<p>This functionality is available only if the ‘<samp>--enable-ipc</samp>’ option was specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). - - <p><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-349"></a>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with ‘<samp><span class="samp">make -XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>’), TeX will print messages to standard error +</p> +<a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-1"></a> +<p>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with ‘<samp>make +XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG</samp>’), TeX will print messages to standard error about its socket operations. This may be helpful if you are, well, debugging. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="TeX-extensions"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">IPC and TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="TeX-extensions-1"></a> <h3 class="section">4.7 TeX extensions</h3> -<p><a name="index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-350"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-351"></a> -The base TeX program has been extended in many ways. Here's a -partial list. +<a name="index-extensions-to-TeX"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-extensions-to"></a> - <dl> -<dt>e-TeX<dd><a name="index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-352"></a><a name="index-primitives_002c-new-353"></a>Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and more +<p>The base TeX program has been extended in many ways. Here’s a +partial list. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>e-TeX</dt> +<dd><a name="index-e_002dTeX"></a> +<a name="index-primitives_002c-new"></a> +<p>Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and more registers. Now frozen. - - <br><dt>Aleph<dd><a name="index-Aleph-354"></a><a name="index-Unicode-355"></a>This adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more. Omega +</p> +</dd> +<dt>Aleph</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Aleph"></a> +<a name="index-Unicode"></a> +<p>This adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more. Omega was the original program. Aleph is an updated version with a variety of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX. Aleph is not actively maintained. - - <br><dt>pdfTeX<dd><a name="index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-356"></a><a name="index-PDF-357"></a><a name="index-micro_002dtypography-358"></a><a name="index-hypertext-359"></a>Can produce PDF as well as DVI files. It also incorporates the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>pdfTeX</dt> +<dd><a name="index-pdfTeX"></a> +<a name="index-PDF"></a> +<a name="index-micro_002dtypography"></a> +<a name="index-hypertext"></a> +<p>Can produce PDF as well as DVI files. It also incorporates the e-TeX extensions, new primitives for hypertext and micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more. Home page: <a href="http://pdftex.org">http://pdftex.org</a>. - - <br><dt>luaTeX<dd><a name="index-lua_0040TeX_007b_007d-360"></a><a name="index-Lua-361"></a>Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language +</p> +</dd> +<dt>luaTeX</dt> +<dd><a name="index-luaTeX"></a> +<a name="index-Lua"></a> +<p>Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language (<a href="http://lua.org">http://lua.org</a>) and opens up the TeX typesetting engine to control from Lua. Home page: <a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>. - - <br><dt>XeTeX<dd><a name="index-Xe_0040TeX_007b_007d-362"></a><a name="index-Unicode-363"></a>Combines support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts -with the capabilities of pdfTeX. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>XeTeX</dt> +<dd><a name="index-XeTeX"></a> +<a name="index-Unicode-1"></a> +<p>Combines support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts +with the capabilities of pdfTeX. Home page: <a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Metafont"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX">TeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="n" rel="next">MetaPost</a>, Previous: <a href="#TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Metafont_003a-Creating-typeface-families"></a> <h2 class="chapter">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</h2> -<p><a name="index-Metafont-364"></a><a name="index-typeface-families-365"></a><a name="index-geometric-designs-366"></a><a name="index-shapes-367"></a><a name="index-font-design-368"></a> -Metafont is a system for producing shapes; it was designed for producing +<a name="index-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-typeface-families"></a> +<a name="index-geometric-designs"></a> +<a name="index-shapes"></a> +<a name="index-font-design"></a> + +<p>Metafont is a system for producing shapes; it was designed for producing complete typeface families, but it can also produce geometric designs, dingbats, etc. And it has considerable mathematical and equation-solving capabilities which can be useful entirely on their own. - - <p>Metafont is a batch language, like C or Pascal: you compile a Metafont +</p> +<p>Metafont is a batch language, like C or Pascal: you compile a Metafont program into a corresponding font, rather than interactively drawing lines or curves. This approach has both considerable disadvantages (people unfamiliar with conventional programming languages will be @@ -1841,1224 +2455,1695 @@ unlikely to find it usable) and considerable advantages (you can make your design intentions specific and parameterizable). For a complete description of the Metafont language, see <cite>The METAFONTbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">References</a>). - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>: Invoking Metafont. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>: Making bases. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Modes">Modes</a>: Device definitions for Metafont. -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>: Seeing MF output online. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>: Making proofsheets for fonts. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>: Prettyprinting Metafont sources. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#mf-invocation" accesskey="1">mf invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Invoking Metafont. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Initial-Metafont" accesskey="2">Initial Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Making bases. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Modes" accesskey="3">Modes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Device definitions for Metafont. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics" accesskey="4">Online Metafont graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Seeing MF output online. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#gftodvi-invocation" accesskey="5">gftodvi invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Making proofsheets for fonts. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#mft-invocation" accesskey="6">mft invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Prettyprinting Metafont sources. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="mf-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Initial-Metafont" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial Metafont</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="mf-invocation-1"></a> <h3 class="section">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</h3> -<p><a name="index-mf-369"></a><a name="index-Metafont-invocation-370"></a> -Metafont (usually invoked as <code>mf</code>) reads character definitions +<a name="index-mf"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-invocation"></a> + +<p>Metafont (usually invoked as <code>mf</code>) reads character definitions specified in the Metafont programming language, and outputs the corresponding font. This section merely describes the options available in the Web2c implementation. For a complete description of the Metafont language, see <cite>The Metafontbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">References</a>). - - <p>Metafont processes its command line and determines its memory dump +</p> +<p>Metafont processes its command line and determines its memory dump (base) file in a way exactly analogous to MetaPost and TeX (see <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). Synopses: - -<pre class="example"> mf [<var>option</var>]... [<var>mfname</var>[.mf]] [<var>mf-commands</var>] - mf [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var> - mf [<var>option</var>]... &<var>base</var> <var>args</var> -</pre> - <p>Most commonly, a Metafont invocation looks like this: -<pre class="example"> mf '\mode:=<var>mode</var>; mag:=<var>magnification</var>; input <var>mfname</var>' -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(The single quotes avoid unwanted interpretation by the shell.) - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002emf-371"></a><a name="index-Metafont-input-files-372"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts-373"></a><a name="index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-374"></a>Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mfname</var> -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending -<var>mfname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mf</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant -paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mf [<var>option</var>]… [<var>mfname</var>[.mf]] [<var>mf-commands</var>] +mf [<var>option</var>]… \<var>first-line</var> +mf [<var>option</var>]… &<var>base</var> <var>args</var> +</pre></div> + +<p>Most commonly, a Metafont invocation looks like this: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mf '\mode:=<var>mode</var>; mag:=<var>magnification</var>; input <var>mfname</var>' +</pre></div> +<p>(The single quotes avoid unwanted interpretation by the shell.) +</p> +<a name="index-_002emf"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-input-files"></a> +<a name="index-EC-fonts-1"></a> +<a name="index-mktexmf_002c-disabling"></a> +<p>Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mfname</var> +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>), extending +<var>mfname</var> with <samp>.mf</samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant +paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. By default, Metafont runs an external -program named <samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp> to create any nonexistent Metafont source +program named <samp>mktexmf</samp> to create any nonexistent Metafont source files you input. You can disable this at configure-time or runtime -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>). This is mostly +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). This is mostly for the sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-375"></a><a name="index-mfput-376"></a><a name="index-GF-output-377"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-378"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-379"></a>Metafont writes the main GF output to the file -<samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="file">gf</span></samp>, where <var>nnn</var> is the font +</p> +<a name="index-_002ennngf-generic-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-mfput"></a> +<a name="index-GF-output"></a> +<a name="index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont"></a> +<p>Metafont writes the main GF output to the file +<samp><var>basemfname</var>.<var>nnn</var>gf</samp>, where <var>nnn</var> is the font resolution in pixels per inch, and <var>basemfname</var> is the basename of -<var>mfname</var>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">mfput</span></samp>’ if no input file was specified. A GF file +<var>mfname</var>, or ‘<samp>mfput</samp>’ if no input file was specified. A GF file contains bitmaps of the actual character shapes. Usually GF files are converted immediately to PK files with GFtoPK (see <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>), since PK files contain equivalent information, but are more compact. (Metafont output in GF format rather than PK for only historical reasons.) - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-380"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-381"></a>Metafont also usually writes a metric file in TFM format to -<samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>. A TFM file contains character dimensions, +</p> +<a name="index-_002etfm-output"></a> +<a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont"></a> +<p>Metafont also usually writes a metric file in TFM format to +<samp><var>basemfname</var>.tfm</samp>. A TFM file contains character dimensions, kerns, and ligatures, and spacing parameters. TeX reads only this <tt>.tfm</tt> file, not the GF file. - - <p><a name="index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-382"></a><a name="index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-383"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-384"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-385"></a>The <var>mode</var> in the example command above is a name referring to a +</p> +<a name="index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-proof-mode"></a> +<a name="index-2602gf"></a> +<a name="index-_002e2602gf"></a> +<p>The <var>mode</var> in the example command above is a name referring to a device definition (see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>); for example, <code>localfont</code> or <code>ljfour</code>. These device definitions must generally be precompiled into the base file. If you leave this out, the default is <code>proof</code> mode, as stated in <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>, in which Metafont outputs at -a resolution of 2602<span class="dmn">dpi</span>; this is usually not what you want. The +a resolution of 2602dpi; this is usually not what you want. The remedy is simply to assign a different mode—<code>localfont</code>, for example. - - <p>The <var>magnification</var> assignment in the example command above is a -magnification factor; for example, if the device is 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> and you -specify <code>mag:=2</code>, Metafont will produce output at 1200<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. +</p> +<p>The <var>magnification</var> assignment in the example command above is a +magnification factor; for example, if the device is 600dpi and you +specify <code>mag:=2</code>, Metafont will produce output at 1200dpi. Very often, the <var>magnification</var> is an expression such as <code>magstep(.5)</code>, corresponding to a TeX “magstep”, which are factors of - - <p>After running Metafont, you can use the font in a TeX document as +</p> +<p>After running Metafont, you can use the font in a TeX document as usual. For example: -<pre class="example"> \font\myfont = newfont - \myfont Now I am typesetting in my new font (minimum hamburgers). -</pre> - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\font\myfont = newfont +\myfont Now I am typesetting in my new font (minimum hamburgers). +</pre></div> + +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-[no]-file-line-error</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-fmt=<var>fmtname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-halt-on-error</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-ini</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-interaction=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-jobname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-kpathsea-debug=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-[no]parse-first-line</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-output-directory</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-progname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-recorder</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-386"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-387"></a>Turn on or off the ‘<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. -The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is ‘<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-mktex=<var>filetype</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-no-mktex=<var>filetype</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmktex_003dfiletype-1"></a> +<a name="index-_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype-1"></a> +<p>Turn on or off the ‘<samp>mktex</samp>’ script associated with <var>filetype</var>. +The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is ‘<samp>mf</samp>’. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Initial-Metafont"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Modes">Modes</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> +<hr> +<a name="Initial-Metafont"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#mf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">mf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Initial-Metafont-1"></a> <h3 class="section">5.2 Initial Metafont</h3> -<p><a name="index-initial-Metafont-388"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-initial-389"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002ebase-390"></a><a name="index-base-files-391"></a><code>inimf</code> is the “initial” form of Metafont, which does lengthy -initializations avoided by the “virgin” (<code>vir</code>) form, so as to -be capable of dumping ‘<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>’ files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For -a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. In past releases, a separate program <samp><span class="command">inimf</span></samp> was -installed to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case. +<a name="index-initial-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont_002c-initial"></a> - <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>. - - <p><a name="index-plain_002ebase-392"></a><a name="index-mf_002ebase-393"></a>The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default -‘<samp><span class="samp">plain.base</span></samp>’, also known as ‘<samp><span class="samp">mf.base</span></samp>’ (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also +<a name="index-_002ebase"></a> +<a name="index-base-files"></a> +<p><code>inimf</code> is the “initial” form of Metafont, which does lengthy +initializations avoided by the “virgin” (<code>vir</code>) form, so as to +be capable of dumping ‘<samp>.base</samp>’ files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). For +a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>. +</p> +<p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>. +</p> +<a name="index-plain_002ebase"></a> +<a name="index-mf_002ebase"></a> +<p>The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default +‘<samp>plain.base</samp>’, also known as ‘<samp>mf.base</samp>’ (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). It is created by default during installation, but you can also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if a Metafont update is issued): -<pre class="example"> mf -ini '\input plain; input modes; dump' -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) -Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> in ‘<samp><span class="samp">$(basedir)</span></samp>’ -(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link -<samp><span class="file">mf.base</span></samp> to it. - - <p>For an explanation of the additional <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> file, +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mf -ini '\input plain; input modes; dump' +</pre></div> +<p>(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) +Then install the resulting <samp>plain.base</samp> in ‘<samp>$(basedir)</samp>’ +(<samp>/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</samp> by default), and link +<samp>mf.base</samp> to it. +</p> +<p>For an explanation of the additional <samp>modes.mf</samp> file, see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>. This file has no counterpart in TeX or MetaPost. - - <p><a name="index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-394"></a><a name="index-cm_002ebase-395"></a><a name="index-cmbase_002emf-396"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-macros-397"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-plain-only-398"></a>In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file -<samp><span class="file">cmmf.base</span></samp> (a.k.a. <samp><span class="file">cm.base</span></samp>), with the Computer Modern +</p> +<a name="index-cmmf_002ebase-not-recommended"></a> +<a name="index-cm_002ebase"></a> +<a name="index-cmbase_002emf"></a> +<a name="index-Computer-Modern-macros"></a> +<a name="index-base-files_002c-plain-only"></a> +<p>In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file +<samp>cmmf.base</samp> (a.k.a. <samp>cm.base</samp>), with the Computer Modern macros also included in the base file. Nowadays, however, the -additional time required to read <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mf</span></samp> is exceedingly small, +additional time required to read <samp>cmbase.mf</samp> is exceedingly small, usually not enough to be worth the administrative hassle of updating the -<samp><span class="file">cmmf.base</span></samp> file when you install a new version of <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>. -<a name="index-type-design_002c-personal-399"></a>People actually working on a typeface may still find it worthwhile to +<samp>cmmf.base</samp> file when you install a new version of <samp>modes.mf</samp>. +<a name="index-type-design_002c-personal"></a> +People actually working on a typeface may still find it worthwhile to create their own base file, of course. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Modes"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Online Metafont graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Initial-Metafont" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial Metafont</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Modes_003a-Device-definitions-for-Metafont"></a> <h3 class="section">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</h3> -<p><a name="index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-400"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-401"></a><a name="index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-402"></a><a name="index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-403"></a>Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information -that TeX and MetaPost do not: <dfn>mode</dfn> definitions which specify +<a name="index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions"></a> +<a name="index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont"></a> +<p>Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information +that TeX and MetaPost do not: <em>mode</em> definitions which specify device characteristics, so Metafont can properly rasterize the shapes. - - <p><a name="index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-404"></a>When making a base file, a file containing modes for locally-available -devices should be input after <samp><span class="file">plain.mf</span></samp>. One commonly used file +</p> +<a name="index-modes_002emf-recommended-modes-file"></a> +<p>When making a base file, a file containing modes for locally-available +devices should be input after <samp>plain.mf</samp>. One commonly used file is <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>; it includes all known definitions. - - <p><a name="index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-405"></a><a name="index-mode_005fdef-406"></a><a name="index-mode_005fsetup-407"></a>If, however, for some reason you have decreased the memory available in -your Metafont, you may need to copy <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> and remove the +</p> +<a name="index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes"></a> +<a name="index-mode_005fdef"></a> +<a name="index-mode_005fsetup"></a> +<p>If, however, for some reason you have decreased the memory available in +your Metafont, you may need to copy <samp>modes.mf</samp> and remove the definitions irrelevant to you (probably most of them) instead of using -it directly. (Or, if you're a Metafont hacker, maybe you can suggest a +it directly. (Or, if you’re a Metafont hacker, maybe you can suggest a way to redefine <code>mode_def</code> and/or <code>mode_setup</code>; right now, the amount of memory used is approximately four times the total length of -the <code>mode_def</code> names, and that's a lot.) - - <p>If you have a device not included in <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, please see +the <code>mode_def</code> names, and that’s a lot.) +</p> +<p>If you have a device not included in <samp>modes.mf</samp>, please see comments in that file for how to create the new definition, and please send the definition to <a href="mailto:tex-fonts@math.utah.edu">tex-fonts@math.utah.edu</a> to get it included -in the next release of <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-408"></a><a name="index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-409"></a>Usually, when you run Metafont you must supply the name of a mode that +in the next release of <samp>modes.mf</samp>. +</p> +<a name="index-smode-and-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition"></a> +<a name="index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-smode"></a> +<p>Usually, when you run Metafont you must supply the name of a mode that was dumped in the base file. But you can also define the mode characteristics dynamically, by invoking Metafont with an assignment to <code>smode</code> instead of <code>mode</code>, like this: -<pre class="example"> mf '\smode:="newmode.mf"; mag:=<var>magnification</var>; input <var>mfname</var>' -</pre> - <p class="noindent">This is most useful when you are working on the definition of a new +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mf '\smode:="newmode.mf"; mag:=<var>magnification</var>; input <var>mfname</var>' +</pre></div> +<p>This is most useful when you are working on the definition of a new mode. - - <p>The <var>magnification</var> and <var>mfname</var> arguments are explained in -<a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>. In the file <samp><span class="file">newmode.mf</span></samp>, you should have the +</p> +<p>The <var>magnification</var> and <var>mfname</var> arguments are explained in +<a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>. In the file <samp>newmode.mf</samp>, you should have the following (with no <code>mode_def</code> or <code>enddef</code>), if you are using -<samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> conventions: -<pre class="example"> mode_param (pixels_per_inch, <var>dpi</var>); - mode_param (blacker, <var>b</var>); - mode_param (fillin, <var>f</var>); - mode_param (o_correction, <var>o</var>); - mode_common_setup_; -</pre> - <p class="noindent">(Of course, you should use real numbers for <var>dpi</var>, <var>b</var>, <var>f</var>, +<samp>modes.mf</samp> conventions: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mode_param (pixels_per_inch, <var>dpi</var>); +mode_param (blacker, <var>b</var>); +mode_param (fillin, <var>f</var>); +mode_param (o_correction, <var>o</var>); +mode_common_setup_; +</pre></div> +<p>(Of course, you should use real numbers for <var>dpi</var>, <var>b</var>, <var>f</var>, and <var>o</var>.) +</p> +<p>For more information on the use of <code>smode</code>, or if you are not using +<samp>modes.mf</samp>, see page 269 of <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>. +</p> - <p>For more information on the use of <code>smode</code>, or if you are not using -<samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, see page 269 of <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>. - -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Online-Metafont-graphics"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Modes">Modes</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gftodvi invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Modes</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Online-Metafont-graphics-1"></a> <h3 class="section">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</h3> -<p><a name="index-online-Metafont-graphics-410"></a><a name="index-Metafont-graphics-411"></a> -The Web2c implementation of Metafont can do online graphics with a +<a name="index-online-Metafont-graphics"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-graphics"></a> + +<p>The Web2c implementation of Metafont can do online graphics with a number of devices. (See the Metafont manual for more information about how to draw on your screen.) By default, no graphics support is enabled. - - <p><a name="index-MFTERM-412"></a><a name="index-TERM-413"></a>Metafont examines the <code>MFTERM</code> environment variable or config file +</p> +<a name="index-MFTERM"></a> +<a name="index-TERM"></a> +<p>Metafont examines the <code>MFTERM</code> environment variable or config file value at runtime, or the <code>TERM</code> environment variable if -<code>MFTERM</code> is not set, to determine the device support to use. +<code>MFTERM</code> is not set, to determine the device support to use. Naturally, only the devices for which support has been compiled in can be selected. - - <p>Here is a table of the possibilities, showing the <code>MFTERM</code> value +</p> +<p>Here is a table of the possibilities, showing the <code>MFTERM</code> value and the corresponding <code>configure</code> option(s) in parentheses. - - <dl> -<dt><code>epsf</code><a name="index-epsf-414"></a><dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-415"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002depsfwin-416"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-epsfwin</span></samp>’) Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated -PostScript (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/epsf.c</span></samp>). This device produces an +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><code>epsf</code> +<a name="index-epsf"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002depsfwin"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-epsfwin</samp>’) Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated +PostScript (see <samp>web2c/window/epsf.c</samp>). This device produces an EPS file containing the graphics which would be displayed online on other devices. The name of the EPS file defaults to metafont.eps but can be changed by setting the MFEPSF environment variable to the new filename. Contributed by Mathias Herberts. - - <br><dt><code>hp2627</code><a name="index-hp2627-417"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dhp2627win-418"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-hp2627win</span></samp>’) HP2627a color graphics terminals. - - <br><dt><code>mftalk</code><a name="index-mftalk-419"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmftalkwin-420"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-mftalkwin</span></samp>’) Generic window server (see -<samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>). - - <br><dt><code>next</code><a name="index-next-421"></a><dd><a name="index-DrawingServant-422"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dnext-423"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-next</span></samp>’) NeXT window system. This requires a separate +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>hp2627</code> +<a name="index-hp2627"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dhp2627win"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-hp2627win</samp>’) HP2627a color graphics terminals. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>mftalk</code> +<a name="index-mftalk"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dmftalkwin"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-mftalkwin</samp>’) Generic window server (see +<samp>web2c/window/mftalk.c</samp>). +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>next</code> +<a name="index-next"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-DrawingServant"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dnext"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-next</samp>’) NeXT window system. This requires a separate program, called <code>DrawingServant</code>, available separately. See the -<samp><span class="file">web2c/window/next.c</span></samp>. - - <br><dt><code>regis</code><a name="index-regis-424"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dregiswin-425"></a><a name="index-Regis-graphics-support-426"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-regiswin</span></samp>’) Regis terminals. - - <br><dt><code>sun</code><a name="index-sun-427"></a><dd><a name="index-SunView-428"></a><a name="index-Suntools-429"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dsuntoolswin-430"></a><a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-431"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-suntoolswin</span></samp>’) The old Suntools (not any flavor of X) +<samp>web2c/window/next.c</samp>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>regis</code> +<a name="index-regis"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dregiswin"></a> +<a name="index-Regis-graphics-support"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-regiswin</samp>’) Regis terminals. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>sun</code> +<a name="index-sun"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-SunView"></a> +<a name="index-Suntools"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dsuntoolswin"></a> +<a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-suntoolswin</samp>’) The old Suntools (not any flavor of X) window system. (You can get the even older SunWindows <code>gfx</code> system -by using <samp><span class="file">sun-gfx.c</span></samp>.) - - <br><dt><code>tek</code><a name="index-tek-432"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-433"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dtektronixwin-434"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-tektronixwin</span></samp>’) Tektronix terminals. - - <p><a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon-435"></a><br><dt><code>uniterm</code><a name="index-uniterm-436"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014-437"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dunitermwin-438"></a>(‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-unitermwin</span></samp>’) Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart +by using <samp>sun-gfx.c</samp>.) +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>tek</code> +<a name="index-tek"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Tektronix"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dtektronixwin"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-tektronixwin</samp>’) Tektronix terminals. +</p> +<a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon"></a> +</dd> +<dt><code>uniterm</code> +<a name="index-uniterm"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014"></a> +<a name="index-_002d_002denable_002dunitermwin"></a> +<p>(‘<samp>--enable-unitermwin</samp>’) Uniterm, Simon Poole’s emulator of a smart Tektronix 4014 terminal. This may work with regular Tektronix terminals -as well; it's faster than the driver ‘<samp><span class="samp">--enable-tektronixwin</span></samp>’ selects. - - <p><a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN-439"></a><a name="index-Xt-440"></a><a name="index-Xlib-441"></a><br><dt><code>xterm</code><a name="index-xterm-442"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-443"></a>‘<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>’ The X window system (version 11). - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmf_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-444"></a><a name="index-toolkits_002c-X-445"></a><a name="index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-446"></a><a name="index-Xt-support-447"></a><a name="index-Xlib-support-448"></a>There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the Xt +as well; it’s faster than the driver ‘<samp>--enable-tektronixwin</samp>’ selects. +</p> +<a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN"></a> +<a name="index-Xt"></a> +<a name="index-Xlib"></a> +</dd> +<dt><code>xterm</code> +<a name="index-xterm"></a> +</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002d_002dwith_002dx"></a> +<p>‘<samp>--with-x</samp>’ The X window system (version 11). +</p> +<a name="index-_002d_002dwith_002dmf_002dx_002dtoolkit_003dkit"></a> +<a name="index-toolkits_002c-X"></a> +<a name="index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-Xt-support"></a> +<a name="index-Xlib-support"></a> +<p>There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the Xt toolkit, and another that works directly with Xlib. The Xt support is more efficient and has more functionality, so it is the default. If you -must use the Xlib support, use ‘<samp><span class="samp">configure --with-x ---with-kf-x-toolkit=no</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dmf_002dnowin-449"></a><a name="index-non_002dwindows_002dcapable-Metafont-450"></a>Specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">--disable-mf-nowin</span></samp>’ in order not to build a separate +must use the Xlib support, use ‘<samp>configure --with-x +--with-kf-x-toolkit=no</samp>’. +</p> +<a name="index-_002d_002ddisable_002dmf_002dnowin"></a> +<a name="index-non_002dwindows_002dcapable-Metafont"></a> +<p>Specify ‘<samp>--disable-mf-nowin</samp>’ in order not to build a separate non-windows-capable Metafont executable <code>mf-nowin</code> (or <code>mf-nowin.exe</code>). - - <p><a name="index-X-resources-451"></a><a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-452"></a><a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont-453"></a><a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont-454"></a><a name="index-Metafont-geometry-455"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXdefaults-456"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXresources-457"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-458"></a>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">-geometry</span></samp>’) +</p> +<a name="index-X-resources"></a> +<a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-geometry"></a> +<a name="index-_002eXdefaults"></a> +<a name="index-_002eXresources"></a> +<a name="index-_002dgeometry_002c-supported-with-Xt"></a> +<p>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., ‘<samp>-geometry</samp>’) on the Metafont command line, but you can specify X resources in your -<samp><span class="file">~/.Xdefaults</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">~/.Xresources</span></samp> file. The class name is -<code>Metafont</code>. If you're using the Xt support, all the usual X toolkit -resources are supported. If you're using the Xlib support, only the +<samp>~/.Xdefaults</samp> or <samp>~/.Xresources</samp> file. The class name is +<code>Metafont</code>. If you’re using the Xt support, all the usual X toolkit +resources are supported. If you’re using the Xlib support, only the <code>geometry</code> resource is supported. - - <p><a name="index-DISPLAY-459"></a>You specify the X display to which Metafont connects in the +</p> +<a name="index-DISPLAY"></a> +<p>You specify the X display to which Metafont connects in the <code>DISPLAY</code> environment variable, as usual. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> - - <p><a name="index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-460"></a><a name="index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-461"></a><a name="index-texmfmp_002ec-462"></a>Writing support for a new device is straightforward. Aside from defining -the basic drawing routines that Metafont uses (see <samp><span class="file">mf.web</span></samp>), you +<a name="index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices"></a> +<a name="index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-texmfmp_002ec"></a> +<p>Writing support for a new device is straightforward. Aside from defining +the basic drawing routines that Metafont uses (see <samp>mf.web</samp>), you only have to add another entry to the tables on the last page of -<samp><span class="file">web2c/lib/texmfmp.c</span></samp>. Or you can write an independent program and -use MFtalk (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>). +<samp>web2c/lib/texmfmp.c</samp>. Or you can write an independent program and +use MFtalk (see <samp>web2c/window/mftalk.c</samp>). +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="gftodvi-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#mft-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">mft invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Online Metafont graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="GFtoDVI_003a-Character-proofs-of-fonts"></a> <h3 class="section">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</h3> -<p><a name="index-gftodvi-463"></a><a name="index-character-proofs-of-fonts-464"></a><a name="index-font-proofs-465"></a><a name="index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-466"></a> -GFtoDVI makes <dfn>proof sheets</dfn> from a GF bitmap file as output by, for +<a name="index-gftodvi"></a> +<a name="index-character-proofs-of-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-font-proofs"></a> +<a name="index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts"></a> + +<p>GFtoDVI makes <em>proof sheets</em> from a GF bitmap file as output by, for example, Metafont (see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>). This is an indispensable aid for font designers or Metafont hackers. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> gftodvi [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>[gf] -</pre> - <p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">gftodvi [<var>option</var>]… <var>gfname</var>[gf] +</pre></div> + +<p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph +lookup</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension, no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it; for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. - - <p>The output filename is the basename of <var>gfname</var> extended with -<samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf</span></samp>’ creates -<samp><span class="file">./foo.dvi</span></samp>. - - <p>The characters from <var>gfname</var> appear one per page in the DVI output, +</p> +<p>The suffix ‘<samp>gf</samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension, no ‘<samp>.</samp>’ precedes it; for instance, <samp>cmr10.600gf</samp>. +</p> +<p>The output filename is the basename of <var>gfname</var> extended with +<samp>.dvi</samp>, e.g., ‘<samp>gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf</samp>’ creates +<samp>./foo.dvi</samp>. +</p> +<p>The characters from <var>gfname</var> appear one per page in the DVI output, with labels, titles, and annotations, as specified in Appendix H (Hardcopy Proofs) of <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>. - - <p>GFtoDVI uses several fonts besides <var>gfname</var> itself: - - <ul> -<li><a name="index-gray-font-467"></a><dfn>gray font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">gray</span></samp>): for the pixels that actually make +</p> +<p>GFtoDVI uses several fonts besides <var>gfname</var> itself: +</p> +<ul> +<li> <a name="index-gray-font"></a> +<em>gray font</em> (default <samp>gray</samp>): for the pixels that actually make up the character. Simply using black is not right, since then labels, key points, and other information could not be shown. - <li><a name="index-title-font-468"></a><dfn>title font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmr8</span></samp>): for the header information at +</li><li> <a name="index-title-font"></a> +<em>title font</em> (default <samp>cmr8</samp>): for the header information at the top of each output page. - <li><a name="index-label-font-469"></a><dfn>label font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmtt10</span></samp>): for the labels on key points +</li><li> <a name="index-label-font"></a> +<em>label font</em> (default <samp>cmtt10</samp>): for the labels on key points of the figure. - <li><a name="index-slant-font-470"></a><dfn>slant font</dfn> (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise -simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. -</ul> +</li><li> <a name="index-slant-font"></a> +<em>slant font</em> (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise +simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. +</li></ul> - <p>To change the default fonts, you must use <code>special</code> commands in +<p>To change the default fonts, you must use <code>special</code> commands in your Metafont source file, typically via commands like <code>slantfont slantlj4</code>. There is no default slant font since no one printer is suitable as a default. You can make your own by copying one of the existing files, such as -<samp><span class="file">.../fonts/source/public/misc/slantlj4.mf</span></samp> and then running -<samp><span class="command">mf</span></samp> on it. - - <p>For testing purposes, you may it useful to run <code>mf-nowin rtest</code> -(hit RETURN when it stops) to get a <samp><span class="file">gf</span></samp> file of a thorn glyph. -Or use <samp><span class="command">mf</span></samp> instead of <samp><span class="command">mf-nowin</span></samp> to have the glyph(s) +<samp>.../fonts/source/public/misc/slantlj4.mf</samp> and then running +<code>mf</code> on it. +</p> +<p>For testing purposes, you may it useful to run <code>mf-nowin rtest</code> +(hit RETURN when it stops) to get a <samp>gf</samp> file of a thorn glyph. +Or use <code>mf</code> instead of <code>mf-nowin</code> to have the glyph(s) displayed on the screen. After that, <code>gftodvi rtest.2602gf</code> -should produce <samp><span class="file">rtest.dvi</span></samp>, which you process as usual. - - <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-overflow-label-offset=</span><var>points</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-471"></a><a name="index-overflow-label-offset-472"></a><a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels-473"></a>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX +should produce <samp>rtest.dvi</samp>, which you process as usual. +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>-help</samp>’, and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-overflow-label-offset=<var>points</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003dpoints"></a> +<a name="index-overflow-label-offset"></a> +<a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels"></a> +<p>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX points from the right edge of the character bounding box. The default -is a little over two inches (ten million scaled points, to be precise). +is a little over two inches (ten million scaled points, to be precise). Overflow equations are used to locate coordinates when their actual -position is too crowded with other information. +position is too crowded with other information. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="mft-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a> +<hr> +<a name="mft-invocation"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">gftodvi invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="u" rel="up">Metafont</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="MFT_003a-Prettyprinting-Metafont-source"></a> <h3 class="section">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</h3> -<p><a name="index-mft-474"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-475"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-476"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-477"></a> -<a name="index-mftmac_002etex-478"></a>MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for -typesetting, with the aid of TeX macros defined in the file -<samp><span class="file">mftmac.tex</span></samp>. Synopsis: +<a name="index-mft"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting"></a> +<a name="index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-creating-from-Metafont"></a> -<pre class="example"> mft [<var>option</var>]... <var>mfname</var>[.mf] -</pre> - <p>MFT searches the usual places for <var>mfname</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +<a name="index-mftmac_002etex"></a> +<p>MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for +typesetting, with the aid of TeX macros defined in the file +<samp>mftmac.tex</samp>. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mft [<var>option</var>]… <var>mfname</var>[.mf] +</pre></div> + +<p>MFT searches the usual places for <var>mfname</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file +formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. The output goes to the basename of <var>mfname</var> extended -with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">mft /wherever/foo.mf</span></samp>’ creates -<samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>. - - <p>Line breaks in the input are carried over into the output; moreover, +with <samp>.tex</samp>, e.g., ‘<samp>mft /wherever/foo.mf</samp>’ creates +<samp>./foo.tex</samp>. +</p> +<p>Line breaks in the input are carried over into the output; moreover, blank spaces at the beginning of a line are converted to quads of indentation in the output. Thus, you have full control over the indentation and line breaks. Each line of input is translated independently of the others. - - <p>Further control is allowed via Metafont comments: -<a name="index-comments_002c-MFT-control-479"></a> - <ul> -<li>Metafont comments following a single ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ should be valid TeX +</p> +<p>Further control is allowed via Metafont comments: +<a name="index-comments_002c-MFT-control"></a> +</p><ul> +<li> Metafont comments following a single ‘<samp>%</samp>’ should be valid TeX input. But Metafont material can be included within vertical bars in a comment; this will be translated by MFT as if it were regular Metafont -code. For example, a comment like ‘<samp><span class="samp">% |x2r| is the tip of the bowl</span></samp>’ -will be translated into the TeX ‘<samp><span class="samp">% $x_{2r}$ is the ...</span></samp>’, -i.e., the ‘<samp><span class="samp">x2r</span></samp>’ is treated as an identifier. +code. For example, a comment like ‘<samp>% |x2r| is the tip of the bowl</samp>’ +will be translated into the TeX ‘<samp>% $x_{2r}$ is the …</samp>’, +i.e., the ‘<samp>x2r</samp>’ is treated as an identifier. - <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">%%</span></samp>’ indicates that the remainder of an input line should be copied +</li><li> ‘<samp>%%</samp>’ indicates that the remainder of an input line should be copied verbatim to the output. This is typically used to introduce additional TeX material at the beginning or an MFT job, e.g. code to modify the -standard layout or the formatting macros defined in <samp><span class="file">mftmac.tex</span></samp>, -or to add a line saying ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%\bye</span></samp>’ at the end of the job. (MFT -doesn't add this automatically in order to allow processing several +standard layout or the formatting macros defined in <samp>mftmac.tex</samp>, +or to add a line saying ‘<samp>%%\bye</samp>’ at the end of the job. (MFT +doesn’t add this automatically in order to allow processing several files produces by MFT in the same TeX job.) - <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">%%% </span><var>token1</var> <var>other-tokens</var></samp>’ -introduces a change in MFT's formatting rules; all the <var>other-tokens</var> +</li><li> ‘<samp>%%% <var>token1</var> <var>other-tokens</var></samp>’ +introduces a change in MFT’s formatting rules; all the <var>other-tokens</var> will henceforth be translated according to the current conventions for <var>token1</var>. The tokens must be symbolic (i.e., not numeric or string tokens). For example, the input line - <pre class="example"> %%% addto fill draw filldraw -</pre> - <p class="noindent">says to format the ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">draw</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">filldraw</span></samp>’ -operations of plain Metafont just like the primitive token ‘<samp><span class="samp">addto</span></samp>’, +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">%%% addto fill draw filldraw +</pre></div> +<p>says to format the ‘<samp>fill</samp>’, ‘<samp>draw</samp>’, and ‘<samp>filldraw</samp>’ +operations of plain Metafont just like the primitive token ‘<samp>addto</samp>’, i.e., in boldface type. Without such reformatting commands, MFT would -treat ‘<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>’ like an ordinary tag or variable name. In fact, you -need a ‘<samp><span class="samp">%%%</span></samp>’ command even to get parentheses to act like +treat ‘<samp>fill</samp>’ like an ordinary tag or variable name. In fact, you +need a ‘<samp>%%%</samp>’ command even to get parentheses to act like delimiters. - - <li>‘<samp><span class="samp">%%%%</span></samp>’ introduces an MFT comment, i.e., MFT ignores the remainder +</p> +</li><li> ‘<samp>%%%%</samp>’ introduces an MFT comment, i.e., MFT ignores the remainder of such a line. - <li>Five or more ‘<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>’ signs should not be used. -</ul> +</li><li> Five or more ‘<samp>%</samp>’ signs should not be used. +</li></ul> - <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-480"></a>(The above description was edited from <samp><span class="file">mft.web</span></samp>, written by +<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-1"></a> +<p>(The above description was edited from <samp>mft.web</samp>, written by D.E. Knuth<!-- /@w -->.) - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-change=</span><var>chfile</var><span class="samp">[.ch]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-481"></a><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-482"></a>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-change=<var>chfile</var>[.ch]</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dchange_003dchfile"></a> +<a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT"></a> +<p>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>). - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-style=</span><var>mftfile</var><span class="samp">[.mft]</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-483"></a><a name="index-style-files-484"></a><a name="index-plain_002emft-485"></a>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-style=<var>mftfile</var>[.mft]</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dstyle_003dmftfile"></a> +<a name="index-style-files"></a> +<a name="index-plain_002emft"></a> +<p>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically contains only MFT directives as described above. The default style file -is named <samp><span class="file">plain.mft</span></samp>, which defines this properly for programs +is named <samp>plain.mft</samp>, which defines this properly for programs using plain Metafont. The MFT files is searched along the -<code>MFTINPUTS</code> path; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>. - - <p><a name="index-cmbase_002emft-486"></a><a name="index-e_002emft-487"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-488"></a>Other examples of MFT style files are <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mft</span></samp>, which defines -formatting rules for the macros defined in <samp><span class="file">cm.base</span></samp>, and -<samp><span class="file">e.mft</span></samp>, which was used in the production of Knuth's Volume <!-- /@w -->E, +<code>MFTINPUTS</code> path; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. +</p> +<a name="index-cmbase_002emft"></a> +<a name="index-e_002emft"></a> +<a name="index-Computer-Modern-Typefaces_002c-production-of"></a> +<p>Other examples of MFT style files are <samp>cmbase.mft</samp>, which defines +formatting rules for the macros defined in <samp>cm.base</samp>, and +<samp>e.mft</samp>, which was used in the production of Knuth’s Volume <!-- /@w -->E, <cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>. - - <p><a name="index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-489"></a>Using an appropriate MFT style file, it is also possible to configure -MFT for typesetting MetaPost sources. However, MFT does not search -the usual places for MetaPost input files. +</p> +<a name="index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting"></a> +<p>Using an appropriate MFT style file, it is also possible to configure +MFT for typesetting MetaPost sources. However, MFT does not search +the usual places for MetaPost input files. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>If you use eight-bit characters in the input file, they are +<p>If you use eight-bit characters in the input file, they are passed on verbatim to the TeX output file; it is up to you to configure TeX to print these properly. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="MetaPost"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">BibTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Metafont" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Metafont</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="MetaPost_003a-Creating-technical-illustrations"></a> <h2 class="chapter">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</h2> -<p><a name="index-MetaPost-490"></a><a name="index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-491"></a><a name="index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-492"></a>MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont +<a name="index-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-meets-Metafont"></a> +<a name="index-Metafont-meets-PostScript"></a> +<p>MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont (see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>), but instead of outputting bitmaps in a “font”, it -outputs PostScript commands. It's primarily intended for creating +outputs PostScript commands. It’s primarily intended for creating technical illustrations. - - <p>MetaPost also provides for arbitrary integration of text and graphics in +</p> +<p>MetaPost also provides for arbitrary integration of text and graphics in a natural way, using any typesetter (TeX and Troff are both supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>: Invoking MetaPost. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>: Making mems. -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>: DVI-to-MPX translation. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#mpost-invocation" accesskey="1">mpost invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Invoking MetaPost. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Initial-MetaPost" accesskey="2">Initial MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Making mems. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#dvitomp-invocation" accesskey="3">dvitomp invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI-to-MPX translation. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="mpost-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost" accesskey="n" rel="next">Initial MetaPost</a>, Up: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="u" rel="up">MetaPost</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="mpost-invocation-1"></a> <h3 class="section">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</h3> -<p><a name="index-mpost-493"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-invocation-494"></a> -<a name="index-mpman_002eps-495"></a>MetaPost (installed as <code>mpost</code>) reads a series of pictures +<a name="index-mpost"></a> +<a name="index-MetaPost-invocation"></a> + +<a name="index-mpman_002eps"></a> +<p>MetaPost (installed as <code>mpost</code>) reads a series of pictures specified in the MetaPost programming language, and outputs corresponding PostScript code. This section merely describes the options available in the Web2c implementation. For a complete description of the MetaPost language, see AT&T technical report -CSTR-162, generally available in <samp><var>texmf</var><span class="file">/doc/metapost/</span></samp>, +CSTR-162, generally available in <samp><var>texmf</var>/doc/metapost/</samp>, where <var>texmf</var> is the root of TeX directory structure. See also: - <ul> -<li><a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html">http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html</a> (the - MetaPost author's home page); -<li><a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a> (papers, packages, and - related information). -</ul> - - <p><a name="index-mpgraph_002eps-496"></a>Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in -AT&T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file <samp><span class="file">mpgraph.ps</span></samp>, -generally stored alongside <samp><span class="file">mpman.ps</span></samp>. +</p><ul> +<li> <a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html">http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html</a> (the + MetaPost author’s home page); +</li><li> <a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a> (papers, packages, and + related information). +</li></ul> - <p>MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump (mem) -file in a way exactly analogous to Metafont and TeX (see <a href="#tex-invocation"><code>tex</code> invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). +<a name="index-mpgraph_002eps"></a> +<p>Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in +AT&T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file <samp>mpgraph.ps</samp>, +generally stored alongside <samp>mpman.ps</samp>. +</p> +<p>MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump (mem) +file in a way exactly analogous to Metafont and TeX (see <a href="#tex-invocation"><code>tex</code> invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). Synopses: - -<pre class="example"> mpost [<var>option</var>]... [<var>mpname</var>[.mp]] [<var>mp-commands</var>] - mpost [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var> - mpost [<var>option</var>]... &<var>mem</var> <var>args</var> -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002emp-497"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input-files-498"></a>MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mpname</var> -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending -<var>mpname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mp</span></samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant -paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">mpost [<var>option</var>]… [<var>mpname</var>[.mp]] [<var>mp-commands</var>] +mpost [<var>option</var>]… \<var>first-line</var> +mpost [<var>option</var>]… &<var>mem</var> <var>args</var> +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_002emp"></a> +<a name="index-MetaPost-input-files"></a> +<p>MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mpname</var> +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>), extending +<var>mpname</var> with <samp>.mp</samp> if necessary. To see all the relevant +paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p><a name="index-beginfig-499"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-500"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-501"></a><a name="index-mpout-502"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-503"></a><a name="index-PostScript-output-504"></a>MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files -<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var></samp> (or perhaps -<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp>, very occasionally -<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>), where <var>nnn</var> are the figure numbers +</p> +<a name="index-beginfig"></a> +<a name="index-_002ennn-PostScript-figures"></a> +<a name="index-_002etfm-output-1"></a> +<a name="index-mpout"></a> +<a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-output"></a> +<p>MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files +<samp><var>basempname</var>.<var>nnn</var></samp> (or perhaps +<samp><var>basempname</var>.ps</samp>, very occasionally +<samp><var>basempname</var>.tfm</samp>), where <var>nnn</var> are the figure numbers specified in the input, typically to the <code>beginfig</code> macro, and -<var>basempname</var> is the basename of <var>mpname</var>, or ‘<samp><span class="samp">mpout</span></samp>’ if no -input file was specified. MetaPost uses the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>’ extension when +<var>basempname</var> is the basename of <var>mpname</var>, or ‘<samp>mpout</samp>’ if no +input file was specified. MetaPost uses the ‘<samp>.ps</samp>’ extension when the figure number is out of range, e.g., if you say <code>beginfig(-1)</code>. - - <p>You can use the output files as figures in a TeX document just as +</p> +<p>You can use the output files as figures in a TeX document just as with any other PostScript figures. For example, with this TeX command: -<pre class="example"> \special{psfile="<var>filename</var>"} -</pre> - <p class="noindent">or by using <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> (see <a href="dvips.html#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>). - - <p><a name="index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-505"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-506"></a>The MetaPost construct -<pre class="example"> btex ... <var>tex-input</var> ... etex -</pre> - <p class="noindent">generates a MetaPost picture expression corresponding to +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">\special{psfile="<var>filename</var>"} +</pre></div> +<p>or by using <samp>epsf.tex</samp> (see <a href="dvips.html#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>). +</p> +<a name="index-btex-for-MetaPost-labels"></a> +<a name="index-etex-for-MetaPost-labels"></a> +<p>The MetaPost construct +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">btex … <var>tex-input</var> … etex +</pre></div> +<p>generates a MetaPost picture expression corresponding to <var>tex-input</var>. - - <p>The construct -<pre class="example"> verbatimtex ... <var>tex-input</var> ... etex -</pre> - <p class="noindent">simply passes the <var>tex-input</var> through to +</p> +<p>The construct +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">verbatimtex … <var>tex-input</var> … etex +</pre></div> +<p>simply passes the <var>tex-input</var> through to TeX. For example, if you are using LaTeX, your MetaPost input file must start with a <code>verbatimtex</code> block that gives the necessary <code>\documentclass</code> (or <code>\documentstyle</code>) <code>\begin{document}</code> command. You will also need to set the -enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>’. - - <p><var>tex-input</var> need not be specifically TeX input; it could also be -Troff. In that case, you will need the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-m pictures</span></samp>’ Troff macro +enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to ‘<samp>latex</samp>’. +</p> +<p><var>tex-input</var> need not be specifically TeX input; it could also be +Troff. In that case, you will need the ‘<samp>-m pictures</samp>’ Troff macro package (unfortunately absent from many Troff implementations), or an -equivalent such as the ‘<samp><span class="samp">-m pspic</span></samp>’ macros from GNU groff described +equivalent such as the ‘<samp>-m pspic</samp>’ macros from GNU groff described in grops(1). - - <p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-507"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-508"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-509"></a>Naturally, you must use fonts that are supported by the typesetter; -specifically, you'll probably want to use standard PostScript fonts with +</p> +<a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff"></a> +<a name="index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff"></a> +<p>Naturally, you must use fonts that are supported by the typesetter; +specifically, you’ll probably want to use standard PostScript fonts with Troff. And only the TeX system understands Computer Modern or other Metafont fonts; you can also use PostScript fonts with TeX, of course. - - <p><a name="index-mproof_002etex-510"></a><a name="index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-511"></a><a name="index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-512"></a>MetaPost-generated PostScript figures which do use Computer Modern fonts +</p> +<a name="index-mproof_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels"></a> +<a name="index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels"></a> +<p>MetaPost-generated PostScript figures which do use Computer Modern fonts for labels cannot be directly previewed or printed. Instead, you must include them in a TeX document and run the resulting DVI file through -Dvips to arrange for the downloading of the required fonts (see <a href="dvips.html#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>). To help with this, the MetaPost -distribution provides a small TeX file <samp><span class="file">mproof.tex</span></samp> which is +Dvips to arrange for the downloading of the required fonts (see <a href="dvips.html#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts +in figures</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>). To help with this, the MetaPost +distribution provides a small TeX file <samp>mproof.tex</samp> which is typically called as: -<pre class="example"> tex mproof <var>mp-output-files</var>... ; dvips mproof -o -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The resulting file <samp><span class="file">mproof.ps</span></samp> can then be printed or previewed. - - <p><a name="index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-513"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-514"></a>To generate EPSF files, set the internal MetaPost variable +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">tex mproof <var>mp-output-files</var>... ; dvips mproof -o +</pre></div> +<p>The resulting file <samp>mproof.ps</samp> can then be printed or previewed. +</p> +<a name="index-prologues_002c-and-EPSF-output"></a> +<a name="index-psfonts_002emap_002c-read-by-MetaPost"></a> +<p>To generate EPSF files, set the internal MetaPost variable <code>prologues</code> positive. To make the output files self-contained, use only standard PostScript fonts. MetaPost reads the same -<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file as Dvips, to determine PostScript fonts that -need to be downloaded (see <a href="dvips.html#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). - - <p><a name="index-PDF_002c-and-_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-515"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-and-PDF-516"></a>It is posible for pdfTeX to read MetaPost output directly; this is +<samp>psfonts.map</samp> file as Dvips, to determine PostScript fonts that +need to be downloaded (see <a href="dvips.html#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>). +</p> +<a name="index-PDF_002c-and-_002emps-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002emps-files-and-PDF"></a> +<p>It is posible for pdfTeX to read MetaPost output directly; this is in contrast to general EPSF files, which have to be converted for use with PDF output. The easiest way is to name the MetaPost output files with the <code>.mps</code> extension. Then the LaTeX <code>\includegraphics</code> command, for example, will be able to read them, even when outputting PDF. - - <p><a name="index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007bwrite_007d-517"></a>MetaPost can write output files, via the <code>write</code> primitive; this +</p> +<a name="index-security_002c-and-write"></a> +<p>MetaPost can write output files, via the <code>write</code> primitive; this opens a security hole. See <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-[no]-file-line-error</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-fmt=<var>fmtname</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-halt-on-error</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-ini</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-interaction=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-jobname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-kpathsea-debug=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-[no]parse-first-line</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-output-directory</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-progname=<var>string</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-recorder</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-518"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-519"></a><a name="index-prologues-520"></a>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-tex=</span><var>texprogram</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-521"></a>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-T</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-troff</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dT"></a> +<a name="index-_002dtroff"></a> +<a name="index-prologues"></a> +<p>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-tex=<var>texprogram</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dtex_003dtexprogram"></a> +<p>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to typeset the labels. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Initial-MetaPost"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">dvitomp invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#mpost-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">mpost invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="u" rel="up">MetaPost</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Initial-MetaPost-1"></a> <h3 class="section">6.2 Initial MetaPost</h3> -<p><a name="index-initial-MetaPost-522"></a><a name="index-MetaPost_002c-initial-523"></a> -As of MetaPost 1.504 (TeX Live 2011), MetaPost no longer dumps -<samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) and does not distinguish +<a name="index-initial-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-MetaPost_002c-initial"></a> + +<p>As of MetaPost 1.504 (TeX Live 2011), MetaPost no longer dumps +<samp>.mem</samp> files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) and does not distinguish virgin and initial forms (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>). Instead, the “initial” file name is read in its source form—that is, -<samp><span class="file">mpost.mp</span></samp> when the program is invoked as <samp><span class="command">mpost</span></samp>. - - <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>. - - <p><a name="index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-524"></a><a name="index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-525"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-526"></a><a name="index-mfplain-527"></a>MetaPost provides a format with all the features of plain Metafont, -called <samp><span class="file">mfplain</span></samp>. You can use that in the same way; just run -<samp><span class="command">mfplain</span></samp> instead of <samp><span class="command">mpost</span></samp>. This lets you directly +<samp>mpost.mp</samp> when the program is invoked as <code>mpost</code>. +</p> +<p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>. +</p> +<a name="index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost"></a> +<a name="index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility"></a> +<a name="index-mfplain"></a> +<p>MetaPost provides a format with all the features of plain Metafont, +called <samp>mfplain</samp>. You can use that in the same way; just run +<code>mfplain</code> instead of <code>mpost</code>. This lets you directly process Metafont source files with MetaPost, producing character proofs (one file for each character) similar to those produced with Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI (see <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>). +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="dvitomp-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Initial MetaPost</a>, Up: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="u" rel="up">MetaPost</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="DVItoMP_003a-DVI-to-MPX-conversion"></a> <h3 class="section">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-dvitomp-528"></a><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-529"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-530"></a> -DVItoMP converts DVI files into low-level MetaPost commands in a -so-called MPX file. Synopsis: +<a name="index-dvitomp"></a> +<a name="index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX"></a> +<a name="index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files"></a> -<pre class="example"> dvitomp <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] [<var>mpxfile</var>[.mpx]] -</pre> - <p class="noindent">If <var>mpxfile</var> is not specified, the output goes to the basename of -<var>dvifile</var> extended with <samp><span class="file">.mpx</span></samp>, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp -/wherever/foo.dvi</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.mpx</span></samp>. - - <p><a name="index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-531"></a>DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">color push -</span><var>name</var></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>’, outputting them as <code>withcolor</code> +<p>DVItoMP converts DVI files into low-level MetaPost commands in a +so-called MPX file. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">dvitomp <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] [<var>mpxfile</var>[.mpx]] +</pre></div> + +<p>If <var>mpxfile</var> is not specified, the output goes to the basename of +<var>dvifile</var> extended with <samp>.mpx</samp>, e.g., ‘<samp>dvitomp +/wherever/foo.dvi</samp>’ creates <samp>./foo.mpx</samp>. +</p> +<a name="index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP"></a> +<p>DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as ‘<samp>color push +<var>name</var></samp>’ and ‘<samp>color pop</samp>’, outputting them as <code>withcolor</code> MetaPost commands. +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="BibTeX"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#WEB">WEB</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="n" rel="next">WEB</a>, Previous: <a href="#MetaPost" accesskey="p" rel="prev">MetaPost</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="BibTeX_003a-Bibliographies"></a> <h2 class="chapter">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</h2> -<p><a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating-532"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-533"></a> -BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and +<a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating"></a> +<a name="index-BibTeX"></a> + +<p>BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#bibtex-invocation" accesskey="1">bibtex invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files" accesskey="2">Basic BibTeX style files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The standard and semi-standard styles. +</td></tr> +</table> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>: The standard and semi-standard styles. -</ul> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="bibtex-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Basic BibTeX style files</a>, Up: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">BibTeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="BibTeX-invocation"></a> <h3 class="section">7.1 BibTeX invocation</h3> -<p><a name="index-bibtex-534"></a> -<a name="index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-535"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-536"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-537"></a>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>) file from -references in a <samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file, generally written by TeX or -LaTeX. The <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file is then incorporated on a subsequent -run. The basic bibliographic information comes from <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files, -and a BibTeX style (<samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp>) file controls the precise contents -of the <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> bibtex [<var>option</var>]... <var>auxfile</var>[.aux] -</pre> - <p><a name="index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-538"></a><a name="index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-539"></a>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with -<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">bibtex /wherever/foo.aux</span></samp>’ creates -<samp><span class="file">./foo.bbl</span></samp>. BibTeX also writes a log file to the basename of -<var>auxfile</var> extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.blg</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliography-540"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-541"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-542"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-543"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-544"></a>The names of the <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files are specified in the -<samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file as well, via the <samp><span class="file">\bibliography</span></samp> and -<samp><span class="file">\bibliographystyle</span></samp> (La)TeX macros. BibTeX searches for -<samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files using the <code>BIBINPUTS</code> and <code>TEXBIB</code> paths, -and for <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files using <code>BSTINPUTS</code> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). It does no path searching for -<samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> files. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-terse</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dterse-545"></a><a name="index-terse-output-546"></a><a name="index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-547"></a>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-min-crossrefs=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-548"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-549"></a><a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-550"></a>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another +<a name="index-bibtex"></a> + +<a name="index-_002ebbl-bibliography-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002eaux-cross_002dreference-files"></a> +<a name="index-_002ebib-bibliography-databases"></a> +<p>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp>.bbl</samp>) file from +references in a <samp>.aux</samp> file, generally written by TeX or +LaTeX. The <samp>.bbl</samp> file is then incorporated on a subsequent +run. The basic bibliographic information comes from <samp>.bib</samp> files, +and a BibTeX style (<samp>.bst</samp>) file controls the precise contents +of the <samp>.bbl</samp> file. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">bibtex [<var>option</var>]… <var>auxfile</var>[.aux] +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-_002eblg-BibTeX-log-file"></a> +<a name="index-log-file_002c-BibTeX"></a> +<p>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with +<samp>.bbl</samp>; for example, ‘<samp>bibtex /wherever/foo.aux</samp>’ creates +<samp>./foo.bbl</samp>. BibTeX also writes a log file to the basename of +<var>auxfile</var> extended with ‘<samp>.blg</samp>’. +</p> +<a name="index-_005cbibliography"></a> +<a name="index-_005cbibliographystyle"></a> +<a name="index-TEXBIB_002c-search-path-for-bib-files"></a> +<a name="index-BIBINPUTS_002c-search-path-for-bib-files"></a> +<a name="index-BSTINPUTS_002c-search-path-for-bst-files"></a> +<p>The names of the <samp>.bib</samp> and <samp>.bst</samp> files are specified in the +<samp>.aux</samp> file as well, via the <samp>\bibliography</samp> and +<samp>\bibliographystyle</samp> (La)TeX macros. BibTeX searches for +<samp>.bib</samp> files using the <code>BIBINPUTS</code> and <code>TEXBIB</code> paths, +and for <samp>.bst</samp> files using <code>BSTINPUTS</code> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file +formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). It does no path searching for +<samp>.aux</samp> files. +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-terse</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dterse"></a> +<a name="index-terse-output"></a> +<a name="index-verbose-BibTeX-output_002c-suppressing"></a> +<p>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-min-crossrefs=<var>n</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003dn"></a> +<a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items"></a> +<a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced"></a> +<p>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another entry <var>e</var> via their <code>crossref</code> field, include <var>e</var> in the <tt>.bbl</tt> file, even if it was not explicitly referenced in the <tt>.aux</tt> file. For example, <var>e</var> might be a conference proceedings as a whole, with the cross-referencing entries being individual articles published in the proceedings. In some circumstances, you may want to avoid these automatic inclusions altogether; to do this, make <var>n</var> a sufficiently -large number. +large number. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>See also: - <dl> -<dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex-551"></a>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users. - - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxhak.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex-552"></a><a name="index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-553"></a>LaTeXable documentation for style designers. - - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib-554"></a>BibTeX database file for the two above documents. - - <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xampl.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib-555"></a>Example database file with all the standard entry types. - - <br><dt><samp><span class="file"><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></span></samp><dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-556"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-557"></a><a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography-558"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-559"></a>A very large <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> collection, including +<p>See also: +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt><samp>btxdoc.tex</samp></dt> +<dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex"></a> +<p>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><samp>btxhak.tex</samp></dt> +<dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-style-design_002c-for-BibTeX"></a> +<p>LaTeXable documentation for style designers. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><samp>btxdoc.bib</samp></dt> +<dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib"></a> +<p>BibTeX database file for the two above documents. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><samp>xampl.bib</samp></dt> +<dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib"></a> +<p>Example database file with all the standard entry types. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><samp><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></samp></dt> +<dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu"></a> +<a name="index-BibTeX-collection"></a> +<a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-bibliographies-for"></a> +<p>A very large <samp>.bib</samp> and <samp>.bst</samp> collection, including references for all the standard TeX books and a complete bibliography -for TUGboat. +for TUGboat. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Basic-BibTeX-style-files"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a> +<hr> +<a name="Basic-BibTeX-style-files"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#bibtex-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">bibtex invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">BibTeX</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Basic-BibTeX-style-files-1"></a> <h3 class="section">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</h3> -<p><a name="index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-560"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-561"></a> -Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic -BibTeX styles. <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/biblio/bibtex</span></samp> contains these and -many more (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - - <dl> -<dt><code>plain</code><dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst-562"></a>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels. Generally formatted -according to van Leunen's <cite>A Handbook for Scholars</cite>. The other +<a name="index-basic-BibTeX-style-files"></a> +<a name="index-BibTeX-style-files"></a> + +<p>Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic +BibTeX styles. <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/biblio/bibtex</samp> contains these and +many more (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><code>plain</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst"></a> +<p>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels. Generally formatted +according to van Leunen’s <cite>A Handbook for Scholars</cite>. The other style files listed here are based on <code>plain</code>. - - <br><dt><code>abbrv</code><dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst-563"></a>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated. - - <br><dt><code>acm</code><dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst-564"></a>Names are printed in small caps. - - <br><dt><code>alpha</code><dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst-565"></a>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">Knu66</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt><code>apalike</code><dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst-566"></a>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author. -Use this in conjunction with <samp><span class="file">apalike.tex</span></samp> (plain TeX) or -<samp><span class="file">apalike.sty</span></samp> (LaTeX), which also changes the citations in the -text to be ‘<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>author</var><span class="samp">, </span><var>year</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt><code>ieeetr</code><dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst-567"></a>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <span class="sc">ieee</span> abbreviations, +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>abbrv</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst"></a> +<p>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>acm</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst"></a> +<p>Names are printed in small caps. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>alpha</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst"></a> +<p>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., ‘<samp>Knu66</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>apalike</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst"></a> +<p>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author. +Use this in conjunction with <samp>apalike.tex</samp> (plain TeX) or +<samp>apalike.sty</samp> (LaTeX), which also changes the citations in the +text to be ‘<samp>(<var>author</var>, <var>year</var>)</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>ieeetr</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst"></a> +<p>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <small>IEEE</small> abbreviations, article titles in quotes. - - <br><dt><code>siam</code><dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst-568"></a>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite> +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>siam</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst"></a> +<p>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite> abbreviations, names in small caps. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>unsrt</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst"></a> +<p>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>btxbst.doc</code></dt> +<dd><p>The template file and documentation for the standard styles. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - <br><dt><code>unsrt</code><dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst-569"></a>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted. - - <br><dt><code>btxbst.doc</code><dd>The template file and documentation for the standard styles. - - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="WEB"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="n" rel="next">DVI utilities</a>, Previous: <a href="#BibTeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">BibTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="WEB_003a-Literate-programming"></a> <h2 class="chapter">8 WEB: Literate programming</h2> -<p><a name="index-WEB-570"></a><a name="index-literate-programming-571"></a> -<dfn>WEB</dfn> languages allow you to write a single source file that can +<a name="index-WEB"></a> +<a name="index-literate-programming"></a> + +<p><em>WEB</em> languages allow you to write a single source file that can produce both a compilable program and a well-formatted document -describing the program in as much detail as you wish to prepare. -Writing in this kind of dual-purpose language is called <dfn>literate -programming</dfn>. (The Usenet newsgroup <samp><span class="file">comp.programming.literate</span></samp> +describing the program in as much detail as you wish to prepare. +Writing in this kind of dual-purpose language is called <em>literate +programming</em>. (The Usenet newsgroup <samp>comp.programming.literate</samp> is devoted to this subject.) - - <p><a name="index-webman_002etex-572"></a><a name="index-Spiderweb-573"></a><a name="index-Cweb-574"></a><a name="index-CWEB-575"></a><a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-576"></a><a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-577"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-578"></a>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base +</p> +<a name="index-webman_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-Spiderweb"></a> +<a name="index-Cweb"></a> +<a name="index-CWEB"></a> +<a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for"></a> +<a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for"></a> +<a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for"></a> +<p>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base languages: Cweb provides C and Troff (see <a href="#References">References</a>); CWEB provides -C and TeX (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/web/c_cpp/cweb</span></samp>); Spiderweb provides C, +C and TeX (<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/web/c_cpp/cweb</samp>); Spiderweb provides C, C++, Awk, Ada, many others, and TeX -(<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/web/spiderweb</span></samp>); and, of course, the original WEB +(<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/web/spiderweb</samp>); and, of course, the original WEB provides Pascal and TeX, the implementation languages for the original TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and related programs to come from the TeX project at Stanford. - - <p>The original WEB language is documented in the file <samp><span class="file">webman.tex</span></samp>, +</p> +<p>The original WEB language is documented in the file <samp>webman.tex</samp>, which is included in the <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz</a> archive (and available in many other places, of course). - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a> -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a> -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#tangle-invocation" accesskey="1">tangle invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#weave-invocation" accesskey="2">weave invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#pooltype-invocation" accesskey="3">pooltype invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="tangle-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#weave-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">weave invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="u" rel="up">WEB</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Tangle_003a-Translate-WEB-to-Pascal"></a> <h3 class="section">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</h3> -<p><a name="index-tangle-579"></a><a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-580"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-581"></a> -Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file -(see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>). Synopsis: +<a name="index-tangle"></a> +<a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB"></a> +<a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling"></a> -<pre class="example"> tangle [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]] -</pre> - <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-582"></a>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended -with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.p</span></samp>’; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">tangle /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>’ creates -<samp><span class="file">./foo.p</span></samp>. Tangle applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before +<p>Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file +(see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>). Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">tangle [<var>option</var>]… <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]] +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle"></a> +<p>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended +with ‘<samp>.p</samp>’; for example, ‘<samp>tangle /wherever/foo.web</samp>’ creates +<samp>./foo.p</samp>. Tangle applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before writing the output; by default, there is no change file. - - <p><a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing-583"></a><a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing-584"></a>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the -string pool to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>’. - - <p>The Pascal output is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with +</p> +<a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing"></a> +<a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing"></a> +<p>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the +string pool to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with ‘<samp>.pool</samp>’. +</p> +<p>The Pascal output is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with the only concession to readability being the termination of lines at semicolons when this can be done conveniently. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-length=</span><var>number</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-585"></a><a name="index-identifier-length-586"></a>The number of characters that are considered significant in an +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>--help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>--version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-length=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dlength_003dnumber"></a> +<a name="index-identifier-length"></a> +<p>The number of characters that are considered significant in an identifier. Whether underline characters are counted depends on the -‘<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>’ option. The default value is 32, the original tangle +‘<samp>-underline</samp>’ option. The default value is 32, the original tangle used 7, but this proved too restrictive for use by Web2c. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlowercase-587"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmixedcase-588"></a><a name="index-g_t_002duppercase-589"></a><a name="index-identifier-case-590"></a>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle. -If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>’ (‘<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>’) is specified, tangle will +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-lowercase</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-mixedcase</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-uppercase</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dlowercase"></a> +<a name="index-_002dmixedcase"></a> +<a name="index-_002duppercase"></a> +<a name="index-identifier-case"></a> +<p>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle. +If ‘<samp>-uppercase</samp>’ (‘<samp>-lowercase</samp>’) is specified, tangle will convert all identfiers to uppercase (lowercase). The default is -‘<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>’, which specifies that the case will not be changed. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dunderline-591"></a><a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines-592"></a>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters +‘<samp>-mixedcase</samp>’, which specifies that the case will not be changed. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-underline</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dunderline"></a> +<a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines"></a> +<p>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters from identifiers. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dloose-593"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dstrict-594"></a><a name="index-identifier-collisions-595"></a>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking -identifiers for equality. The default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>’, which means +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-loose</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>-strict</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dloose"></a> +<a name="index-_002dstrict"></a> +<a name="index-identifier-collisions"></a> +<p>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking +identifiers for equality. The default is ‘<samp>-loose</samp>’, which means that tangle will follow the rules set by the case-smashing and underline -options above. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>’ is set, then identifiers will always +options above. If ‘<samp>-strict</samp>’ is set, then identifiers will always be stripped of underlines and converted to uppercase before checking whether they collide. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> - -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="weave-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#pooltype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pooltype invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#tangle-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tangle invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="u" rel="up">WEB</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Weave_003a-Translate-WEB-to-TeX"></a> <h3 class="section">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</h3> -<p><a name="index-weave-596"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-597"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-598"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-599"></a> -Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), -assuming various macros defined in <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>. It takes care of +<a name="index-weave"></a> +<a name="index-TeX_002c-creating-from-WEB"></a> +<a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting"></a> +<a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs"></a> + +<p>Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), +assuming various macros defined in <samp>webmac.tex</samp>. It takes care of typographic details such as page layout, indentation, and italicizing identifiers. It also automatically gathers and outputs extensive cross-reference information. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> weave [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]] -</pre> - <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-600"></a>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with -‘<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>’; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">weave /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>’ creates -<samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>. Weave applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">weave [<var>option</var>]… <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]] +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave"></a> +<p>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with +‘<samp>.tex</samp>’; for example, ‘<samp>weave /wherever/foo.web</samp>’ creates +<samp>./foo.tex</samp>. Weave applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before writing the output; by default, there is no change file. - - <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-601"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-602"></a><a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex-603"></a><a name="index-webmac_002etex-604"></a>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module -names, and the table of contents (an empty <samp><span class="file">CONTENTS.tex</span></samp> file will +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-x</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dx"></a> +<a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting"></a> +<a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex"></a> +<a name="index-webmac_002etex"></a> +<p>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module +names, and the table of contents (an empty <samp>CONTENTS.tex</samp> file will still be written when the Weave output file is processed by TeX using -the default <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>, though). +the default <samp>webmac.tex</samp>, though). +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>Conventionally, WEB programmers should define the TeX <code>\title</code> +<p>Conventionally, WEB programmers should define the TeX <code>\title</code> macro at the beginning of the source file. Also, to get output of only changed modules, one can say <code>\let\maybe=\iffalse</code> (usually as the first change in the change file). +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="pooltype-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#weave-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">weave invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="u" rel="up">WEB</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Pooltype_003a-Display-WEB-pool-files"></a> <h3 class="section">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</h3> -<p><a name="index-pooltype-605"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool-606"></a><a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-607"></a><a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-608"></a> -Pooltype shows the so-called <dfn>string number</dfn> of each string in a WEB +<a name="index-pooltype"></a> +<a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool"></a> +<a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying"></a> +<a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying"></a> + +<p>Pooltype shows the so-called <em>string number</em> of each string in a WEB pool file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), as output by Tangle (see <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>), including the first 256 strings corresponding to the possible input characters. Pooltype primarily serves as an example of WEB conventions to implementors of the TeX system. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">pooltype [<var>option</var>]… <var>poolfile</var>[.pool] +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> pooltype [<var>option</var>]... <var>poolfile</var>[.pool] -</pre> - <p class="noindent">No path searching is done for <var>poolfile</var>. Output is to standard +<p>No path searching is done for <var>poolfile</var>. Output is to standard output. - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - - <p>As an example of the output, here is the (edited) output for <samp><span class="file">tex.pool</span></samp>: -<pre class="example"> 0: "^^@" - 1: "^^A" - ... - 255: "^^ff" - 256: "pool size" - ... - 1314: "Using character substitution: " - (23617 characters in all.) -</pre> - <p><a name="index-representation-of-strings-609"></a><a name="index-string-representation-610"></a>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually -represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>’ +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>--help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>--version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> +<p>As an example of the output, here is the (edited) output for <samp>tex.pool</samp>: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">0: "^^@" +1: "^^A" +… +255: "^^ff" +256: "pool size" +… +1314: "Using character substitution: " +(23617 characters in all.) +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-representation-of-strings"></a> +<a name="index-string-representation"></a> +<p>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually +represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the ‘<samp>^^</samp>’ notation. Consider Pooltype as showing the results after conversion for output. +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="DVI-utilities"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#WEB">WEB</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font utilities</a>, Previous: <a href="#WEB" accesskey="p" rel="prev">WEB</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="DVI-utilities-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">9 DVI utilities</h2> -<p><a name="index-DVI-utilities-611"></a> -TeX outputs a file in <dfn>DVI</dfn> (DeVice Independent) format as a +<a name="index-DVI-utilities"></a> + +<p>TeX outputs a file in <em>DVI</em> (DeVice Independent) format as a compact representation of the original document. DVI files can be translated to meet the requirements of a real physical device, such as -PostScript printers (see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>), PCL +PostScript printers (see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>), PCL printers (see dvilj(1)), and X displays (see xdvi(1)). In fact, DVI translators are available for virtually all common devices: see -<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/dviware</span></samp> (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). - - <p><a name="index-dvitype_002eweb-612"></a><a name="index-DVI-format-definition-613"></a>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the -source file <samp><span class="file">web2c/dvitype.web</span></samp>. - - <p>The DVI-processing programs in the Web2c distribution are not device +<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/dviware</samp> (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). +</p> +<a name="index-dvitype_002eweb"></a> +<a name="index-DVI-format-definition"></a> +<p>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the +source file <samp>web2c/dvitype.web</samp>. +</p> +<p>The DVI-processing programs in the Web2c distribution are not device drivers; they perform generic utility functions. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>: Expand virtual fonts. -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>: DVI to human-readable text. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#dvicopy-invocation" accesskey="1">dvicopy invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Expand virtual fonts. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#dvitype-invocation" accesskey="2">dvitype invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">DVI to human-readable text. +</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr> <a name="dvicopy-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#dvitype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">dvitype invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">DVI utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="DVIcopy_003a-Canonicalize-virtual-font-references"></a> <h3 class="section">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</h3> -<p><a name="index-dvicopy-614"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-615"></a> -DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts -(see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) to base fonts, and writes the +<a name="index-dvicopy"></a> +<a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding"></a> + +<p>DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts +(see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) to base fonts, and writes the resulting DVI file. Thus you can use virtual fonts even if your DVI processor does not support them, by passing the documents through DVIcopy first. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">dvicopy [<var>option</var>]… [<var>indvi</var>[.dvi] [<var>outdvi</var>[.dvi]]] +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> dvicopy [<var>option</var>]... [<var>indvi</var>[.dvi] [<var>outdvi</var>[.dvi]]] -</pre> - <p>DVIcopy reads standard input if <var>indvi</var> is not specified, and writes +<p>DVIcopy reads standard input if <var>indvi</var> is not specified, and writes standard output if <var>outdvi</var> is not specified. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-616"></a><a name="index-magnification-617"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-618"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 -specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-magnification=<var>integer</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmagnification_003dinteger"></a> +<a name="index-magnification"></a> +<a name="index-_005cmag"></a> +<p>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 +specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX’s <code>\mag</code> parameter. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-619"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-620"></a><a name="index-starting-page-621"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-622"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-623"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more -(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's -<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ -matches anything. Examples: ‘<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">1.*.-4</span></samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-max-pages=<var>n</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmax_002dpages_003dn"></a> +<p>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-page-start=<var>page-spec</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dpage_002dstart_003dpage_002dspec"></a> +<a name="index-starting-page"></a> +<a name="index-page_002c-starting"></a> +<a name="index-_005ccountn"></a> +<p>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more +(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX’s +<code>\count0…9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; ‘<samp>*</samp>’ +matches anything. Examples: ‘<samp>3</samp>’, ‘<samp>1.*.-4</samp>’. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="dvitype-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a> +<hr> +<a name="dvitype-invocation"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">dvicopy invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">DVI utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="DVItype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-DVI-files"></a> <h3 class="section">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</h3> -<p><a name="index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-624"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-625"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-626"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-627"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI-628"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-629"></a> -DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX, +<a name="index-dvitype-DVI-validation"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text"></a> +<a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to"></a> +<a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to"></a> +<a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI"></a> +<a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files"></a> + +<p>DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves -as a DVI-validating program, i.e., if DVItype can read a file, it's +as a DVI-validating program, i.e., if DVItype can read a file, it’s correct. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">dvitype [<var>option</var>]… <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> dvitype [<var>option</var>]... <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] -</pre> - <p class="noindent">DVItype does not read any bitmap files, but it does read TFM files for +<p>DVItype does not read any bitmap files, but it does read TFM files for fonts referenced in <var>dvifile</var>. The usual places are searched -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to -‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>Output goes to standard output. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-dpi=</span><var>real</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-630"></a>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default +‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. +</p> +<p>Output goes to standard output. +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-dpi=<var>real</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002ddpi_003dreal"></a> +<p>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default 300.0. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-631"></a><a name="index-magnification-632"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-633"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 -specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX's +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-magnification=<var>integer</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmagnification_003dinteger-1"></a> +<a name="index-magnification-1"></a> +<a name="index-_005cmag-1"></a> +<p>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000 +specifies no magnification. This is equivalent to setting TeX’s <code>\mag</code> parameter. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-max-pages=<var>n</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmax_002dpages_003dn-1"></a> +<p>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-output-level=<var>n</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002doutput_002dlevel_003dn"></a> +<p>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4): +</p><ul> +<li> 0: Global document information only. +</li><li> 1: Most DVI commands included, and typeset characters summarized. +</li><li> 2: Character and movement commands explicitly included. +</li><li> 3: DVI stack and current position calculations included. +</li><li> 4: Same information as level 3, but DVItype does random positioning +in the file, reading the DVI postamble first. +</li></ul> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-634"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=</span><var>n</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-635"></a>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4): - <ul> -<li>0: Global document information only. -<li>1: Most DVI commands included, and typeset characters summarized. -<li>2: Character and movement commands explicitly included. -<li>3: DVI stack and current position calculations included. -<li>4: Same information as level 3, but DVItype does random positioning -in the file, reading the DVI postamble first. -</ul> - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-636"></a><a name="index-starting-page-637"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-638"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-639"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more -(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's -<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; ‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’ -matches anything. Examples: ‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">5.*.-9</span></samp>’. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-640"></a><a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-641"></a><a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-642"></a><a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities-643"></a>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-page-start=<var>page-spec</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dpage_002dstart_003dpage_002dspec-1"></a> +<a name="index-starting-page-1"></a> +<a name="index-page_002c-starting-1"></a> +<a name="index-_005ccountn-1"></a> +<p>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more +(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX’s +<code>\count0…9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; ‘<samp>*</samp>’ +matches anything. Examples: ‘<samp>1</samp>’, ‘<samp>5.*.-9</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-show-opcodes</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dshow_002dopcodes"></a> +<a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI"></a> +<a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing"></a> +<a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities"></a> +<p>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces after the command name. This can help in debugging DVI utilities. We use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in -<samp><span class="file">dvitype.web</span></samp>, among others) the opcodes are shown in decimal. +<samp>dvitype.web</samp>, among others) the opcodes are shown in decimal. +</p></dd> </dl> -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a> -</ul> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#dvitype-output-example" accesskey="1">dvitype output example</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> +</td></tr> +</table> -<div class="node"> -<a name="dvitype-output-example"></a> -<p><hr> -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a> +<hr> +<a name="dvitype-output-example"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Up: <a href="#dvitype-invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvitype invocation</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="DVItype-output-example"></a> <h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 DVItype output example</h4> -<p><a name="index-dvitype-output-example-644"></a>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is -its (abridged) translation of the <samp><span class="file">story.dvi</span></samp> resulting from +<a name="index-dvitype-output-example"></a> +<p>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is +its (abridged) translation of the <samp>story.dvi</samp> resulting from running the example in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>, with -‘<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=4</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>’ on. - -<pre class="example"> ... - Options selected: - Starting page = * - Maximum number of pages = 1000000 - Output level = 4 (the works) - Resolution = 300.00000000 pixels per inch - numerator/denominator=25400000/473628672 - magnification=1000; 0.00006334 pixels per DVI unit - ' TeX output 1992.05.17:0844' - Postamble starts at byte 564. - maxv=43725786, maxh=30785863, maxstackdepth=3, totalpages=1 - Font 33: cmsl10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units - Font 23: cmbx10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units - Font 0: cmr10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units - - 42: beginning of page 1 - 87: push {141} - level 0:(h=0,v=0,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=0) - 88: down3 -917504 {159} v:=0-917504=-917504, vv:=-58 - 92: pop {142} - ... - 104: putrule {137} height 26214, width 30785863 (2x1950 pixels) - 113: down3 5185936 {159} v:=655360+5185936=5841296, vv:=370 - 117: push {141} - level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370) - 118: right4 12265425 {146} h:=0+12265425=12265425, hh:=777 - [ ] - 123: fntdef1 23 {243}: cmbx10 - 145: fntnum23 {194} current font is cmbx10 - 146: setchar65 h:=12265425+569796=12835221, hh:=813 - 147: w3 251220 {150} h:=12835221+251220=13086441, hh:=829 - 151: setchar83 h:=13086441+418700=13505141, hh:=856 - ... - 164: setchar82 h:=17448202+565245=18013447, hh:=1142 - 165: x0 -62805 {152} h:=18013447-62805=17950642, hh:=1138 - 166: setchar89 h:=17950642+569796=18520438, hh:=1174 - [A SHORT STORY] - 167: pop {142} - level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370) - ... - 550: pop {142} - level 0:(h=0,v=42152922,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2670) - 551: down3 1572864 {159} v:=42152922+1572864=43725786, vv:=2770 - 555: push {141} - level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770) - 556: right4 15229091 {146} h:=0+15229091=15229091, hh:=965 - 561: setchar49 h:=15229091+327681=15556772, hh:=986 - [ 1] - 562: pop {142} - level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770) - 563: eop {140} -</pre> - <p>Explanation: - - <ul> -<li>The DVItype options are recorded at the beginning, followed by +‘<samp>-output-level=4</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-show-opcodes</samp>’ on. +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">… +Options selected: + Starting page = * + Maximum number of pages = 1000000 + Output level = 4 (the works) + Resolution = 300.00000000 pixels per inch +numerator/denominator=25400000/473628672 +magnification=1000; 0.00006334 pixels per DVI unit +' TeX output 1992.05.17:0844' +Postamble starts at byte 564. +maxv=43725786, maxh=30785863, maxstackdepth=3, totalpages=1 +Font 33: cmsl10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units +Font 23: cmbx10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units +Font 0: cmr10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units + +42: beginning of page 1 +87: push {141} +level 0:(h=0,v=0,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=0) +88: down3 -917504 {159} v:=0-917504=-917504, vv:=-58 +92: pop {142} +… +104: putrule {137} height 26214, width 30785863 (2x1950 pixels) +113: down3 5185936 {159} v:=655360+5185936=5841296, vv:=370 +117: push {141} +level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370) +118: right4 12265425 {146} h:=0+12265425=12265425, hh:=777 +[ ] +123: fntdef1 23 {243}: cmbx10 +145: fntnum23 {194} current font is cmbx10 +146: setchar65 h:=12265425+569796=12835221, hh:=813 +147: w3 251220 {150} h:=12835221+251220=13086441, hh:=829 +151: setchar83 h:=13086441+418700=13505141, hh:=856 +… +164: setchar82 h:=17448202+565245=18013447, hh:=1142 +165: x0 -62805 {152} h:=18013447-62805=17950642, hh:=1138 +166: setchar89 h:=17950642+569796=18520438, hh:=1174 +[A SHORT STORY] +167: pop {142} +level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370) +… +550: pop {142} +level 0:(h=0,v=42152922,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2670) +551: down3 1572864 {159} v:=42152922+1572864=43725786, vv:=2770 +555: push {141} +level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770) +556: right4 15229091 {146} h:=0+15229091=15229091, hh:=965 +561: setchar49 h:=15229091+327681=15556772, hh:=986 +[ 1] +562: pop {142} +level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770) +563: eop {140} +</pre></div> + +<p>Explanation: +</p> +<ul> +<li> The DVItype options are recorded at the beginning, followed by global information about the document, including fonts used. - <li>Each DVI command is preceded by its byte position in the file -(‘<samp><span class="samp">42:</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">87:</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>), and (because of the -‘<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>’) followed by its decimal opcode value in braces -(‘<samp><span class="samp">{141}</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{142}</span></samp>’, <small class="dots">...</small>). +</li><li> Each DVI command is preceded by its byte position in the file +(‘<samp>42:</samp>’, ‘<samp>87:</samp>’, …), and (because of the +‘<samp>-show-opcodes</samp>’) followed by its decimal opcode value in braces +(‘<samp>{141}</samp>’, ‘<samp>{142}</samp>’, …). - <li>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">level</span></samp>’ lines record information about the DVI stack; ‘<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>’ -and ‘<samp><span class="samp">v</span></samp>’ define the current position in DVI units, while ‘<samp><span class="samp">hh</span></samp>’ -and ‘<samp><span class="samp">vv</span></samp>’ are the same in pixels. +</li><li> The ‘<samp>level</samp>’ lines record information about the DVI stack; ‘<samp>h</samp>’ +and ‘<samp>v</samp>’ define the current position in DVI units, while ‘<samp>hh</samp>’ +and ‘<samp>vv</samp>’ are the same in pixels. - <li>Text sequences are summarized in brackets, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">[A SHORT -STORY]</span></samp>’ and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">[ 1]</span></samp>’. -</ul> +</li><li> Text sequences are summarized in brackets, as in ‘<samp>[A SHORT +STORY]</samp>’ and the ‘<samp>[ 1]</samp>’. +</li></ul> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Font-utilities"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<hr> +<a name="Font-utilities"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Legalisms" accesskey="n" rel="next">Legalisms</a>, Previous: <a href="#DVI-utilities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">DVI utilities</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Font-utilities-1"></a> <h2 class="chapter">10 Font utilities</h2> -<p><a name="index-font-utilities-645"></a> -The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related +<a name="index-font-utilities"></a> + +<p>The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related font formats; the first section below briefly describes the formats. GFtoPK is the only one that is routinely used, as Metafont -outputs GF format, but it's most efficient for device drivers to use PK. - - <p><a name="index-pktype_002eweb-646"></a><a name="index-gftype_002eweb-647"></a><a name="index-PK-format-definition-648"></a><a name="index-GF-format-definition-649"></a>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats +outputs GF format, but it’s most efficient for device drivers to use PK. +</p> +<a name="index-pktype_002eweb"></a> +<a name="index-gftype_002eweb"></a> +<a name="index-PK-format-definition"></a> +<a name="index-GF-format-definition"></a> +<p>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats mentioned below are in the source files that read them; -<samp><span class="file">pktype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">gftype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">tftopl.web</span></samp>, etc. - -<ul class="menu"> -<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a>: Explanations of GF, PK, TFM, VF, ... -<li><a accesskey="2" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>: GF -> PK (compact) -<li><a accesskey="3" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>: PK -> GF (expand). -<li><a accesskey="4" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>: PK -> human-readable text. -<li><a accesskey="5" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>: GF -> human-readable text. -<li><a accesskey="6" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>: TFM -> PL (for editing TFM). -<li><a accesskey="7" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>: PL -> TFM (make editing results usable). -<li><a accesskey="8" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>: VF -> VPL (tftopl for virtual fonts). -<li><a accesskey="9" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>: VPL -> VF (pltotf for virtual fonts). -<li><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>: Type 1, BDF, editors, etc. -</ul> - -<div class="node"> +<samp>pktype.web</samp>, <samp>gftype.web</samp>, <samp>tftopl.web</samp>, etc. +</p> +<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Font-file-formats" accesskey="1">Font file formats</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Explanations of GF, PK, TFM, VF, ... +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#gftopk-invocation" accesskey="2">gftopk invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">GF -> PK (compact) +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#pktogf-invocation" accesskey="3">pktogf invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">PK -> GF (expand). +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#pktype-invocation" accesskey="4">pktype invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">PK -> human-readable text. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#gftype-invocation" accesskey="5">gftype invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">GF -> human-readable text. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#tftopl-invocation" accesskey="6">tftopl invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">TFM -> PL (for editing TFM). +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#pltotf-invocation" accesskey="7">pltotf invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">PL -> TFM (make editing results usable). +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#vftovp-invocation" accesskey="8">vftovp invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">VF -> VPL (tftopl for virtual fonts). +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#vptovf-invocation" accesskey="9">vptovf invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">VPL -> VF (pltotf for virtual fonts). +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Type 1, BDF, editors, etc. +</td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr> <a name="Font-file-formats"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#gftopk-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gftopk invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Font-file-formats-1"></a> <h3 class="section">10.1 Font file formats</h3> -<p><a name="index-font-file-formats-650"></a><a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts-651"></a> -(For another perspective on this, see <a href="dvips.html#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). - - <p>Font files come in several varieties, with suffixes like: -<pre class="example"> .tfm .*pk .*gf .*pxl<span class="roman"> (obsolete)</span> .pl .mf .vf .vpl -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Each represents a file format. - - <p><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained-652"></a>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains +<a name="index-font-file-formats"></a> +<a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts"></a> + +<p>(For another perspective on this, see <a href="dvips.html#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>). +</p> +<p>Font files come in several varieties, with suffixes like: +</p><div class="example"> +<pre class="example">.tfm .*pk .*gf .*pxl<span class="roman"> (obsolete)</span> .pl .mf .vf .vpl +</pre></div> +<p>Each represents a file format. +</p> +<a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained"></a> +<p>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains information about each character in a font, about combinations of characters within that font, and about the font as a whole. The font metric information contained in TFM files is device-independent units is @@ -3066,590 +4151,794 @@ used by TeX to do typesetting. Unlike the bitmap (raster) fonts described below, TFM font files contain no information about the shapes of characters. They describe rectangular areas and combinations thereof, but not what will eventually be printed in those areas. - - <p><a name="index-scaling-of-fonts-653"></a><a name="index-optical-font-scaling-654"></a><a name="index-geometric-font-scaling-655"></a><a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-656"></a>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all +</p> +<a name="index-scaling-of-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-optical-font-scaling"></a> +<a name="index-geometric-font-scaling"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling"></a> +<p>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all magnifications of a given typeface. On the other hand, the best printed results are obtained when magnified (or reduced fonts) are not produced geometrically (as done by PostScript, for example) but rather optically, with each size a separate design (as done with Computer Modern and the EC fonts, for example); then a separate TFM file is needed for each size. - - <p><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained-657"></a>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your +</p> +<a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained"></a> +<p>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your source document. In order to print DVI files on real devices, you need font files defining digitized character shapes and other data. Then previewers and printer-driver programs can translate your DVI files into something usable by your monitor or printer. Bitmap fonts come with -suffixes such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.600pk</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.600gf</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.3000pxl</span></samp>’, where -the ‘<samp><span class="samp">600</span></samp>’ is the horizontal dots-per-inch resolution at which the -font was produced, and the ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">pxl</span></samp>’ +suffixes such as ‘<samp>.600pk</samp>’ or ‘<samp>.600gf</samp>’ or ‘<samp>.3000pxl</samp>’, where +the ‘<samp>600</samp>’ is the horizontal dots-per-inch resolution at which the +font was produced, and the ‘<samp>pk</samp>’ or ‘<samp>gf</samp>’ or ‘<samp>pxl</samp>’ indicates the font format. Outline fonts in PostScript Type 1 format -have suffixes such as ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>’. - - <p><a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained-658"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained-659"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained-660"></a>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that +have suffixes such as ‘<samp>.pfa</samp>’ or ‘<samp>.pfb</samp>’. +</p> +<a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained"></a> +<a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained"></a> +<a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained"></a> +<p>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that is pretty much the standard today. They take up less space than fonts in the gf (generic font) format that Metafont generates, and far less space than fonts in pxl format. Fonts in pxl format take up gross amounts of disk space and permit only 128 characters. They are obsolete. - - <p><a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained-661"></a>Font files with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’ (property list) suffix are the plain text -(human-readable) analog of the binary ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ files. +</p> +<a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained"></a> +<p>Font files with the ‘<samp>.pl</samp>’ (property list) suffix are the plain text +(human-readable) analog of the binary ‘<samp>.tfm</samp>’ files. The TFtoPL and PLtoTF programs convert between the two formats (see <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a> and <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>). - - <p>Font files with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>’ suffix are in Metafont source format. +</p> +<p>Font files with the ‘<samp>.mf</samp>’ suffix are in Metafont source format. These are the files used by Metafont to generate rastered fonts for specific typefaces at specific magnifications for the specific resolution and type of mapping used by your device. - - <p><a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-662"></a><a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt-663"></a>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’ identifies “virtual font” files, for which -‘<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>’ is the human-readable analog. See See <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, +</p> +<a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth"></a> +<a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt"></a> +<p>The suffix ‘<samp>.vf</samp>’ identifies “virtual font” files, for which +‘<samp>.vpl</samp>’ is the human-readable analog. See See <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>. For further discussion of virtual fonts, -see <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>, -<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/help/virtualfonts.txt</span></samp>, and <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>. - - <p><a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-664"></a><a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-665"></a>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX +see <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth</samp>, +<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/help/virtualfonts.txt</samp>, and <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>. +</p> +<a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre"></a> +<a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth"></a> +<p>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.) +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="gftopk-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#pktogf-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pktogf invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-file-formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font file formats</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="GFtoPK_003a-Generic-to-packed-font-conversion"></a> <h3 class="section">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-gftopk-666"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-667"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-668"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-669"></a> -GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example, +<a name="index-gftopk"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK"></a> +<a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to"></a> +<a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK"></a> + +<p>GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example, Metafont (see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>) to a packed font (PK) file. PK files are considerably smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are generally the bitmap font format of choice. Some DVI-processing -programs, notably Dvips, only support PK files and not GF files. +programs, notably Dvips, only support PK files and not GF files. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> gftopk [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] [<var>pkfile</var>] -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">gftopk [<var>option</var>]… <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] [<var>pkfile</var>] +</pre></div> + +<p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph +lookup</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, -<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. - - <p>If <var>pkfile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename -of ‘<samp><var>gfname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">gftopk -/wherever/cmr10.600gf</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’, and -‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<p>The suffix ‘<samp>gf</samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp>.</samp>’ precedes it: for instance, +<samp>cmr10.600gf</samp>. +</p> +<p>If <var>pkfile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename +of ‘<samp><var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>pk</samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp>gftopk +/wherever/cmr10.600gf</samp>’ creates <samp>./cmr10.600pk</samp>. +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>--verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>--help</samp>’, and +‘<samp>--version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> + +<hr> <a name="pktogf-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#pktype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pktype invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#gftopk-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">gftopk invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PKtoGF_003a-Packed-to-generic-font-conversion"></a> <h3 class="section">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-pktogf-670"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-671"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-672"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-673"></a> -PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file. +<a name="index-pktogf"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF"></a> +<a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to"></a> +<a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF"></a> + +<p>PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file. Since PK format is much more compact than GF format, the most likely reason to do this is to run GFtype (see <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>) on the result, so you can see the bitmap images. Also, a few old utility programs do not support PK format. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> pktogf [<var>option</var>]... <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] [<var>gffile</var>] -</pre> - <p class="noindent">The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">pktogf [<var>option</var>]… <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] [<var>gffile</var>] +</pre></div> + +<p>The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph +lookup</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, -<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. - - <p>If <var>gffile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename -of ‘<samp><var>pkname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">pktogf -/wherever/cmr10.600pk</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>’, and -‘<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<p>The suffix ‘<samp>pk</samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp>.</samp>’ precedes it: for instance, +<samp>cmr10.600pk</samp>. +</p> +<p>If <var>gffile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename +of ‘<samp><var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>gf</samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp>pktogf +/wherever/cmr10.600pk</samp>’ creates <samp>./cmr10.600gf</samp>. +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>--verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>--help</samp>’, and +‘<samp>--version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> + +<hr> <a name="pktype-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#gftype-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gftype invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#pktogf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pktogf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PKtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-packed-fonts"></a> <h3 class="section">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</h3> -<p><a name="index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-674"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-675"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-676"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-677"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK-678"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-679"></a> -PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK, +<a name="index-pktype-PK-validation"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text"></a> +<a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to"></a> +<a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to"></a> +<a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK"></a> +<a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files"></a> + +<p>PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves -as a PK-validating program, i.e., if PKtype can read a file, it's +as a PK-validating program, i.e., if PKtype can read a file, it’s correct. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> pktype <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] -</pre> - <p>The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">pktype <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] +</pre></div> + +<p>The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph +lookup</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>. - - <p>The translation is written to standard output. - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ +</p> +<p>The suffix ‘<samp>pk</samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp>.</samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp>cmr10.600pk</samp>. +</p> +<p>The translation is written to standard output. +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - - <p>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) translation of the -letter `K' in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode -‘<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>’ from <a href="modes.mf">modes.mf</a> (available from -<samp><span class="file">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</span></samp>). - -<pre class="smallexample"> 955: Flag byte = 184 Character = 75 Packet length = 174 - Dynamic packing variable = 11 - TFM width = 815562 dx = 4259840 - Height = 57 Width = 57 X-offset = -3 Y-offset = 56 - [2]23(16)17(8)9(25)11(13)7(27)7(16)7(28)4(18)7(28)2(20)7(27)... - ... - (14)9(24)12(5)[2]23(13)21 -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Explanation: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">955</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-byte-position-680"></a>The byte position in the file where this character starts. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Flag byte</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Dynamic packing variable</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-flag-byte-681"></a><a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable-682"></a>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Character</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-683"></a>The character code, in decimal. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Packet length</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-packet-length-684"></a>The total length of this character definition, in bytes. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">TFM width</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-685"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-686"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-687"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 -times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-688"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-689"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-690"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-691"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of +</p> +<p>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) translation of the +letter ‘K’ in ‘<samp>cmr10</samp>’, as rendered at 600dpi with the mode +‘<samp>ljfour</samp>’ from <a href="modes.mf">modes.mf</a> (available from +<samp>ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</samp>). +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">955: Flag byte = 184 Character = 75 Packet length = 174 + Dynamic packing variable = 11 + TFM width = 815562 dx = 4259840 + Height = 57 Width = 57 X-offset = -3 Y-offset = 56 + [2]23(16)17(8)9(25)11(13)7(27)7(16)7(28)4(18)7(28)2(20)7(27)… + … + (14)9(24)12(5)[2]23(13)21 +</pre></div> + +<p>Explanation: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>955</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-byte-position"></a> +<p>The byte position in the file where this character starts. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>Flag byte</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>Dynamic packing variable</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-flag-byte"></a> +<a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable"></a> +<p>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>Character</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output"></a> +<p>The character code, in decimal. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>Packet length</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-packet-length"></a> +<p>The total length of this character definition, in bytes. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>TFM width</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters"></a> +<a name="index-device_002dindependent-width"></a> +<a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent"></a> +<p>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 +times the ratio of the true width to the font’s design size. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>dx</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement"></a> +<a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal"></a> +<a name="index-scaled-pixels"></a> +<a name="index-dx-horizontal-escapement"></a> +<p>The device-dependent width, in <em>scaled pixels</em>, i.e., units of horizontal pixels times 2^16. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Height</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Width</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels-692"></a><a name="index-pixel-height-693"></a><a name="index-pixel-width-694"></a><a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels-695"></a>The bitmap height and width, in pixels. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">X-offset</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">Y-offset</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-x-offset-696"></a><a name="index-y-offset-697"></a><a name="index-origin-698"></a><a name="index-reference-pixel-699"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-700"></a><a name="index-left-side-bearing-701"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-702"></a>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>Height</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>Width</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels"></a> +<a name="index-pixel-height"></a> +<a name="index-pixel-width"></a> +<a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels"></a> +<p>The bitmap height and width, in pixels. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>X-offset</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>Y-offset</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-x-offset"></a> +<a name="index-y-offset"></a> +<a name="index-origin"></a> +<a name="index-reference-pixel"></a> +<a name="index-side-bearings"></a> +<a name="index-left-side-bearing"></a> +<a name="index-right-side-bearing"></a> +<p>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the reference (origin) pixel for this character, in pixels (right and down -are positive). The <dfn>reference pixel</dfn> is the pixel that occupies the +are positive). The <em>reference pixel</em> is the pixel that occupies the unit square in Metafont; the Metafont reference point is the lower left hand corner of this pixel. Put another way, the x-offset is the negative of the left side bearing; the right side bearing is the horizontal escapement minus the bitmap width plus the x-offset. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[2]23(16)...</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-703"></a><a name="index-repeated-rows-704"></a>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run -lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>[2]23(16)…</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps"></a> +<a name="index-repeated-rows"></a> +<p>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run +lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="gftype-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> +<hr> +<a name="gftype-invocation"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#tftopl-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">tftopl invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#pktype-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pktype invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="GFtype_003a-Plain-text-transliteration-of-generic-fonts"></a> <h3 class="section">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</h3> -<p><a name="index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-705"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-706"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-707"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-708"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF-709"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-710"></a> -GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by +<a name="index-gftype-GF-validation"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text"></a> +<a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to"></a> +<a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to"></a> +<a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF"></a> +<a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files"></a> + +<p>GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by Metafont, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves as a GF-validating program, i.e., if GFtype can read a file, -it's correct. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> gftype [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] -</pre> - <p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +it’s correct. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">gftype [<var>option</var>]… <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] +</pre></div> + +<p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph +lookup</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>The suffix ‘<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is -not an extension; no ‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>. - - <p>The translation is written to standard output. - - <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dimages-711"></a>Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmnemonics-712"></a>Translate all commands in the GF file. +</p> +<p>The suffix ‘<samp>gf</samp>’ is supplied if not already present. This suffix is +not an extension; no ‘<samp>.</samp>’ precedes it: for instance, <samp>cmr10.600gf</samp>. +</p> +<p>The translation is written to standard output. +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-images</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dimages"></a> +<p>Show the characters’ bitmaps using asterisks and spaces. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>-mnemonics</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dmnemonics"></a> +<p>Translate all commands in the GF file. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p>As an example of the output, here is the (abrdiged) translation of the -letter `K' in ‘<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>’, as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode -‘<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>’ from <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> (available from -<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>), with both ‘<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>’ enabled. - - <p>GFtype outputs the information about a character in two places: a main +<p>As an example of the output, here is the (abrdiged) translation of the +letter ‘K’ in ‘<samp>cmr10</samp>’, as rendered at 600dpi with the mode +‘<samp>ljfour</samp>’ from <samp>modes.mf</samp> (available from +<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>), with both ‘<samp>-mnemonics</samp>’ and +‘<samp>-images</samp>’ enabled. +</p> +<p>GFtype outputs the information about a character in two places: a main definition and a one-line summary at the end. We show both. Here is the main definition: - -<pre class="example"> 2033: beginning of char 75: 3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56 - (initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20 - 2043: newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20 - 2047: newrow 0 (n=54) paint 24(12)20 - 2051: newrow 0 (n=53) paint 24(12)20 - 2055: newrow 7 (n=52) paint 10(21)13 - 2059: newrow 8 (n=51) paint 8(23)9 - ... - 2249: newrow 8 (n=5) paint 8(23)11 - 2253: newrow 7 (n=4) paint 10(22)12 - 2257: newrow 0 (n=3) paint 24(11)22 - 2261: newrow 0 (n=2) paint 24(11)22 - 2265: newrow 0 (n=1) paint 24(11)22 - 2269: newrow 0 (n=0) paint 24(11)22 - 2273: eoc - .<--This pixel's lower left corner is at (3,57) in METAFONT coordinates - ************************ ******************** - ************************ ******************** - ************************ ******************** - ************************ ******************** - ********** ************* - ******** ********* - ... - ******** *********** - ********** ************ - ************************ ********************** - ************************ ********************** - ************************ ********************** - ************************ ********************** - .<--This pixel's upper left corner is at (3,0) in METAFONT coordinates -</pre> - <p class="noindent">Explanation: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">2033</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">2043</span></samp>’<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-byte-position-713"></a>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">beginning of char 75</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-714"></a>The character code, in decimal. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-715"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-716"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-717"></a>The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally, -and between 0 and 56 (inclusive) vertically. (m is a column -position and n is a row position.) Thus, 3 is the left side +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">2033: beginning of char 75: 3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56 +(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20 +2043: newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20 +2047: newrow 0 (n=54) paint 24(12)20 +2051: newrow 0 (n=53) paint 24(12)20 +2055: newrow 7 (n=52) paint 10(21)13 +2059: newrow 8 (n=51) paint 8(23)9 +… +2249: newrow 8 (n=5) paint 8(23)11 +2253: newrow 7 (n=4) paint 10(22)12 +2257: newrow 0 (n=3) paint 24(11)22 +2261: newrow 0 (n=2) paint 24(11)22 +2265: newrow 0 (n=1) paint 24(11)22 +2269: newrow 0 (n=0) paint 24(11)22 +2273: eoc +</pre><pre class="example">.<--This pixel's lower left corner is at (3,57) in METAFONT coordinates +************************ ******************** +************************ ******************** +************************ ******************** +************************ ******************** + ********** ************* + ******** ********* +… + ******** *********** + ********** ************ +************************ ********************** +************************ ********************** +************************ ********************** +************************ ********************** +.<--This pixel's upper left corner is at (3,0) in METAFONT coordinates +</pre></div> + +<p>Explanation: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>2033</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>2043</samp>’</dt> +<dt>‘<samp>…</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-byte-position-1"></a> +<p>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>beginning of char 75</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output"></a> +<p>The character code, in decimal. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-1"></a> +<a name="index-right-side-bearing-1"></a> +<a name="index-side-bearings-1"></a> +<p>The character’s bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally, +and between 0 and 56 (inclusive) vertically. (<em>m</em> is a column +position and <em>n</em> is a row position.) Thus, 3 is the left side bearing. The right side bearing is the horizontal escapement (given -below) minus the maximum m. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-718"></a>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white +below) minus the maximum <em>m</em>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-1"></a> +<p>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white pixels, etc. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-newrow-GF-command"></a> +<p>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>eoc</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-eoc-GF-command"></a> +<p>The end of the main character definition. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-719"></a>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">eoc</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-720"></a>The end of the main character definition. - - </dl> - - <p>Here is the GF postamble information that GFtype outputs at the end: - -<pre class="example"> Character 75: dx 4259840 (65), width 815562 (64.57289), loc 2033 -</pre> - <p>Explanation: - - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-721"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-722"></a><a name="index-vertical-escapement-723"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical-724"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-725"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-726"></a><a name="index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-727"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of -horizontal pixels times 2^16. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">(65)</span></samp>’ is simply the same number +<p>Here is the GF postamble information that GFtype outputs at the end: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">Character 75: dx 4259840 (65), width 815562 (64.57289), loc 2033 +</pre></div> + +<p>Explanation: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>dx</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-1"></a> +<a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-1"></a> +<a name="index-vertical-escapement"></a> +<a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical"></a> +<a name="index-scaled-pixels-1"></a> +<a name="index-dx-horizontal-escapement-1"></a> +<a name="index-dy-vertical-escapement"></a> +<p>The device-dependent width, in <em>scaled pixels</em>, i.e., units of +horizontal pixels times 2^16. The ‘<samp>(65)</samp>’ is simply the same number rounded. If the vertical escapement is nonzero, it would appear here as -a ‘<samp><span class="samp">dy</span></samp>’ value. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">width</span></samp>’<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-728"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-729"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-730"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 -times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size. The -‘<samp><span class="samp">64.57289</span></samp>’ is the same number converted to pixels. - - <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">loc</span></samp>’<dd>The byte position in the file where this character starts. +a ‘<samp>dy</samp>’ value. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>width</samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-1"></a> +<a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-1"></a> +<a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-1"></a> +<p>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character. It is 2^24 +times the ratio of the true width to the font’s design size. The +‘<samp>64.57289</samp>’ is the same number converted to pixels. +</p> +</dd> +<dt>‘<samp>loc</samp>’</dt> +<dd><p>The byte position in the file where this character starts. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> - </dl> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="tftopl-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#pltotf-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">pltotf invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#gftype-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">gftype invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="TFtoPL_003a-TeX-font-metric-to-property-list-conversion"></a> <h3 class="section">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-tftopl-731"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-732"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-733"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-734"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-735"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-736"></a> -TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by Metafont, for example) to -<dfn>property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized items describing the +<a name="index-tftopl"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list"></a> +<a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files"></a> +<a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to"></a> +<a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to"></a> +<a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to"></a> + +<p>TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric +files</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) file (as output by Metafont, for example) to +<em>property list format</em> (a list of parenthesized items describing the font) that humans can edit or read. This program is mostly used by -people debugging TeX implementations, writing font utilities, etc. +people debugging TeX implementations, writing font utilities, etc. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> tftopl [<var>option</var>]... <var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>plfile</var>[.pl]] -</pre> - <p>The font <var>tfmname</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ if necessary) is -searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the relevant paths, set the -environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">tftopl [<var>option</var>]… <var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>plfile</var>[.pl]] +</pre></div> + +<p>The font <var>tfmname</var> (extended with ‘<samp>.tfm</samp>’ if necessary) is +searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the +environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. - - <p>If <var>plfile</var> (which is extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>’ if necessary) is not +</p> +<p>If <var>plfile</var> (which is extended with ‘<samp>.pl</samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the property list file is written to standard output. The property list file can be converted back to TFM format by the companion program TFtoPL (see the next section). - - <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-737"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either -‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’. Default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ for letters and -digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font's coding -scheme starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>’, all +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-charcode-format=<var>type</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dcharcode_002dformat_003dtype"></a> +<p>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either +‘<samp>octal</samp>’ or ‘<samp>ascii</samp>’. Default is ‘<samp>ascii</samp>’ for letters and +digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font’s coding +scheme starts with ‘<samp>TeX math sy</samp>’ or ‘<samp>TeX math ex</samp>’, all character codes are output in octal. - - <p>In ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ format, character codes that correspond to graphic +</p> +<p>In ‘<samp>ascii</samp>’ format, character codes that correspond to graphic characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a -‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ followed by the single character: ‘<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>’, for example. In -octal format, character codes are output as the letter ‘<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>’ followed -by octal digits, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>’ for ‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. - - <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, +‘<samp>C</samp>’ followed by the single character: ‘<samp>C K</samp>’, for example. In +octal format, character codes are output as the letter ‘<samp>O</samp>’ followed +by octal digits, as in ‘<samp>O 113</samp>’ for ‘<samp>K</samp>’. +</p> +<p>‘<samp>octal</samp>’ format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely -confusing. +confusing. +</p></dd> </dl> - <p><a name="index-property-list-format-738"></a>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list -translation of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span></samp>: - -<pre class="example"> (FAMILY CMR) - (FACE O 352) - (CODINGSCHEME TEX TEXT) - (DESIGNSIZE R 10.0) - (COMMENT DESIGNSIZE IS IN POINTS) - (COMMENT OTHER SIZES ARE MULTIPLES OF DESIGNSIZE) - (CHECKSUM O 11374260171) - (FONTDIMEN - (SLANT R 0.0) - (SPACE R 0.333334) - (STRETCH R 0.166667) - (SHRINK R 0.111112) - (XHEIGHT R 0.430555) - (QUAD R 1.000003) - (EXTRASPACE R 0.111112) - ) - (LIGTABLE - ... - (LABEL C f) - (LIG C i O 14) - (LIG C f O 13) - (LIG C l O 15) - (KRN O 47 R 0.077779) - (KRN O 77 R 0.077779) - (KRN O 41 R 0.077779) - (KRN O 51 R 0.077779) - (KRN O 135 R 0.077779) - (STOP) - ... - ) - ... - (CHARACTER C f - (CHARWD R 0.305557) - (CHARHT R 0.694445) - (CHARIC R 0.077779) - (COMMENT - (LIG C i O 14) - (LIG C f O 13) - (LIG C l O 15) - (KRN O 47 R 0.077779) - (KRN O 77 R 0.077779) - ... - ) - ) - ... -</pre> - <p>As you can see, the general format is a list of parenthesized -<dfn>properties</dfn>, nested where necessary. - - <ul> -<li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-739"></a><a name="index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-740"></a><a name="index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-741"></a>The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are -the so-called <dfn>headerbyte</dfn> information from Metafont, giving general +<a name="index-property-list-format"></a> +<p>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list +translation of <samp>cmr10.tfm</samp>: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">(FAMILY CMR) +(FACE O 352) +(CODINGSCHEME TEX TEXT) +(DESIGNSIZE R 10.0) +(COMMENT DESIGNSIZE IS IN POINTS) +(COMMENT OTHER SIZES ARE MULTIPLES OF DESIGNSIZE) +(CHECKSUM O 11374260171) +(FONTDIMEN + (SLANT R 0.0) + (SPACE R 0.333334) + (STRETCH R 0.166667) + (SHRINK R 0.111112) + (XHEIGHT R 0.430555) + (QUAD R 1.000003) + (EXTRASPACE R 0.111112) + ) +(LIGTABLE + … + (LABEL C f) + (LIG C i O 14) + (LIG C f O 13) + (LIG C l O 15) + (KRN O 47 R 0.077779) + (KRN O 77 R 0.077779) + (KRN O 41 R 0.077779) + (KRN O 51 R 0.077779) + (KRN O 135 R 0.077779) + (STOP) + … + ) +… +(CHARACTER C f + (CHARWD R 0.305557) + (CHARHT R 0.694445) + (CHARIC R 0.077779) + (COMMENT + (LIG C i O 14) + (LIG C f O 13) + (LIG C l O 15) + (KRN O 47 R 0.077779) + (KRN O 77 R 0.077779) + … + ) + ) +… +</pre></div> + +<p>As you can see, the general format is a list of parenthesized +<em>properties</em>, nested where necessary. +</p> +<ul> +<li> <a name="index-FAMILY-property"></a> +<a name="index-FACE-property"></a> +<a name="index-headerbyte-information"></a> +The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are +the so-called <em>headerbyte</em> information from Metafont, giving general information about the font. - <li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-742"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfontdimen-743"></a>The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code> +</li><li> <a name="index-FAMILY-property-1"></a> +<a name="index-_005cfontdimen"></a> +The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code> values. - <li><a name="index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-744"></a><a name="index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-745"></a><a name="index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-746"></a><a name="index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-747"></a><a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-748"></a><a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-749"></a><a name="index-design_002dsize-units-750"></a>The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table. +</li><li> <a name="index-LIGTABLE-property"></a> +<a name="index-LABEL-property"></a> +<a name="index-LIG-property"></a> +<a name="index-KRN-property"></a> +<a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files"></a> +<a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files"></a> +<a name="index-design_002dsize-units"></a> +The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table. <code>LIG</code> properties define ligatures: in the example above, an -‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ (in the ‘<samp><span class="samp">LABEL</span></samp>’) followed by an ‘<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>’ is a ligature, +‘<samp>f</samp>’ (in the ‘<samp>LABEL</samp>’) followed by an ‘<samp>i</samp>’ is a ligature, i.e., a typesetting program like TeX replaces those two consecutive -characters by the character at position octal '014 in the current -font—presumably the `fi' ligature. <code>KRN</code> properties define -kerns: if an ‘<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>’ is followed by character octal '047 (an +characters by the character at position octal ’014 in the current +font—presumably the ‘fi’ ligature. <code>KRN</code> properties define +kerns: if an ‘<samp>f</samp>’ is followed by character octal ’047 (an apostrophe), TeX inserts a small amount of space between them: 0.077779 times the design size the font was loaded at (about -three-quarters of a printer's point by default in this case, or .001 +three-quarters of a printer’s point by default in this case, or .001 inches). - <li><a name="index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-751"></a><a name="index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-752"></a><a name="index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-753"></a><a name="index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-754"></a><a name="index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-755"></a>The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its +</li><li> <a name="index-CHARACTER-property"></a> +<a name="index-CHARWD-property"></a> +<a name="index-CHARHT-property"></a> +<a name="index-CHARDP-property"></a> +<a name="index-CHARIC-property"></a> +The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its width, height, depth, and italic correction, also in design-size units, -as explained in the previous item. For our example `f', the depth is +as explained in the previous item. For our example ‘f’, the depth is zero, so that property is omitted. TFtoPL also inserts any kerns and ligatures for this character as a comment. - </ul> +</li></ul> -<div class="node"> -<a name="pltotf-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> +<hr> +<a name="pltotf-invocation"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#vftovp-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">vftovp invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#tftopl-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">tftopl invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="PLtoTF_003a-Property-list-to-TeX-font-metric-conversion"></a> <h3 class="section">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</h3> -<p><a name="index-pltotf-756"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-757"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-758"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-759"></a> -PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for -example) to TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) -format. It's much easier for both programs and humans to create the +<a name="index-pltotf"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM"></a> +<a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to"></a> +<a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to"></a> + +<p>PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for +example) to TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) +format. It’s much easier for both programs and humans to create the (plain text) property list files and let PLtoTF take care of creating the binary TFM equivalent than to output TFM files directly. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">pltotf [<var>option</var>]… <var>plfile</var>[.pl] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> pltotf [<var>option</var>]... <var>plfile</var>[.pl] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]] -</pre> - <p>If <var>tfmfile</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ if necessary) is +<p>If <var>tfmfile</var> (extended with ‘<samp>.tfm</samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the TFM file is written to the basename of -‘<samp><var>plfile</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp><span class="samp">pltotf /wherever/cmr10.pl</span></samp>’ creates -<samp><span class="file">./cmr10.tfm</span></samp>. (Since TFM files are binary, writing to standard +‘<samp><var>plfile</var>.tfm</samp>’, e.g., ‘<samp>pltotf /wherever/cmr10.pl</samp>’ creates +<samp>./cmr10.tfm</samp>. (Since TFM files are binary, writing to standard output by default is undesirable.) - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’, and -‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). - - <p>For an example of property list format, see the previous section. - -<div class="node"> +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>-verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>-help</samp>’, and +‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> +<p>For an example of property list format, see the previous section. +</p> + +<hr> <a name="vftovp-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#vptovf-invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">vptovf invocation</a>, Previous: <a href="#pltotf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">pltotf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="VFtoVP_003a-Virtual-font-to-virtual-property-lists"></a> <h3 class="section">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</h3> -<p><a name="index-vftovp-760"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-761"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-762"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-763"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-764"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-765"></a> -VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) file and its accompanying TeX font metric (TFM, -see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by VPtoVF, for -example) to <dfn>virtual property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized +<a name="index-vftovp"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL"></a> +<a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files"></a> +<a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual"></a> +<a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to"></a> +<a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to"></a> + +<p>VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual +fonts</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) file and its accompanying TeX font metric (TFM, +see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) file (as output by VPtoVF, for +example) to <em>virtual property list format</em> (a list of parenthesized items describing the virtual font) that humans can edit or read. This -program is mostly used by people debugging virtual font utilities. +program is mostly used by people debugging virtual font utilities. Synopsis: - -<pre class="example"> vftovp [<var>option</var>]... <var>vfname</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>vplfile</var>[.vpl]]] -</pre> - <p>The fonts <var>vfname</var> and <var>tfmname</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’ and -‘<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>’ if necessary) are searched for in the usual places -(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>). To see all the +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">vftovp [<var>option</var>]… <var>vfname</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>vplfile</var>[.vpl]]] +</pre></div> + +<p>The fonts <var>vfname</var> and <var>tfmname</var> (extended with ‘<samp>.vf</samp>’ and +‘<samp>.tfm</samp>’ if necessary) are searched for in the usual places +(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). To see all the relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to -‘<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>’ before running the program. If <var>tfmname</var> is not -specified, <var>vfname</var> (without a trailing ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’) is used. - - <p>If <var>vplfile</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>’ if necessary) is -not specified, the property list file is written to standard output. +‘<samp>-1</samp>’ before running the program. If <var>tfmname</var> is not +specified, <var>vfname</var> (without a trailing ‘<samp>.vf</samp>’) is used. +</p> +<p>If <var>vplfile</var> (extended with ‘<samp>.vpl</samp>’ if necessary) is +not specified, the property list file is written to standard output. The property list file can be converted back to VF and TFM format by the companion program VFtoVP (see the next section). - - <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard -‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): - <dl> -<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>’<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-766"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either -‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’. Default is ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ for letters and -digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font's coding -scheme starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>’ or ‘<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>’, all +</p> +<p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard +‘<samp>-verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>-help</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>): +</p><dl compact="compact"> +<dt>‘<samp>-charcode-format=<var>type</var></samp>’</dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002dcharcode_002dformat_003dtype-1"></a> +<p>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either +‘<samp>octal</samp>’ or ‘<samp>ascii</samp>’. Default is ‘<samp>ascii</samp>’ for letters and +digits, octal for all other characters. Exception: if the font’s coding +scheme starts with ‘<samp>TeX math sy</samp>’ or ‘<samp>TeX math ex</samp>’, all character codes are output in octal. - - <p>In ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’ format, character codes that correspond to graphic +</p> +<p>In ‘<samp>ascii</samp>’ format, character codes that correspond to graphic characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a -‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ followed by the single character: ‘<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>’, for example. In -octal format, character codes are output as the letter ‘<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>’ followed -by octal digits, as in ‘<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>’ for ‘<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>’. - - <p>‘<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>’ format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, +‘<samp>C</samp>’ followed by the single character: ‘<samp>C K</samp>’, for example. In +octal format, character codes are output as the letter ‘<samp>O</samp>’ followed +by octal digits, as in ‘<samp>O 113</samp>’ for ‘<samp>K</samp>’. +</p> +<p>‘<samp>octal</samp>’ format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts, where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely -confusing. +confusing. +</p></dd> </dl> -<div class="node"> -<a name="vptovf-invocation"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> +<hr> +<a name="vptovf-invocation"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>, Previous: <a href="#vftovp-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">vftovp invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="VPtoVF_003a-Virtual-property-lists-to-virtual-font"></a> <h3 class="section">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</h3> -<p><a name="index-vptovf-767"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-768"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-769"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-770"></a> -VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for -example) to virtual font (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) and -TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) files. -It's much easier for both programs and humans to create the (plain text) +<a name="index-vptovf"></a> +<a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF"></a> +<a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to"></a> +<a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-1"></a> + +<p>VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for +example) to virtual font (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) and +TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>) files. +It’s much easier for both programs and humans to create the (plain text) property list files and let VPtoVF take care of creating the binary VF and TFM equivalents than to output them directly. Synopsis: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">vptovf [<var>option</var>]… <var>vplfile</var>[.vpl] [<var>vffile</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]] +</pre></div> -<pre class="example"> vptovf [<var>option</var>]... <var>vplfile</var>[.vpl] [<var>vffile</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]] -</pre> - <p>If <var>vffile</var> (extended with ‘<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’ if necessary) is not +<p>If <var>vffile</var> (extended with ‘<samp>.vf</samp>’ if necessary) is not specified, the VF output is written to the basename of -‘<samp><var>vplfile</var><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>’; similarly for <var>tfmfile</var>. For example, -‘<samp><span class="samp">vptovf /wherever/ptmr.vpl</span></samp>’ creates <samp><span class="file">./ptmr.vf</span></samp> and -<samp><span class="file">./ptmr.tfm</span></samp>. - - <p>The only options are ‘<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>’ +‘<samp><var>vplfile</var>.vf</samp>’; similarly for <var>tfmfile</var>. For example, +‘<samp>vptovf /wherever/ptmr.vpl</samp>’ creates <samp>./ptmr.vf</samp> and +<samp>./ptmr.tfm</samp>. +</p> +<p>The only options are ‘<samp>-verbose</samp>’, ‘<samp>-help</samp>’, and ‘<samp>-version</samp>’ (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>). +</p> -<div class="node"> +<hr> <a name="Font-utilities-available-elsewhere"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a> - +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#vptovf-invocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">vptovf invocation</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font utilities</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Font-utilities-available-elsewhere-1"></a> <h3 class="section">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</h3> -<p><a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-771"></a> -The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic +<a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c"></a> + +<p>The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic conversions. Many other more sophisticated font utilities exist; most -are in <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities</span></samp> (for CTAN info, -see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>). Here are some of the most +are in <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/fonts/utilities</samp> (for CTAN info, +see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). Here are some of the most commonly-requested items: - - <ul> -<li><a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-772"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-773"></a><a name="index-afmtopl-774"></a>AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</span></samp>. - - <li><a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts-775"></a><a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-776"></a>BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion: +</p> +<ul> +<li> <a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion"></a> +<a name="index-afm2tfm"></a> +<a name="index-afmtopl"></a> +AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</samp>. + +</li><li> <a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion"></a> +BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion: <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz</a>. - <li><a name="index-metatype1-777"></a><a name="index-Latin-Modern-778"></a>Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1. +</li><li> <a name="index-metatype1"></a> +<a name="index-Latin-Modern"></a> +Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1. <a href="ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1">ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1</a>. This is used to create -the excellent Latin Modern font family (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/lm</span></samp>), +the excellent Latin Modern font family (<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/fonts/lm</samp>), which extends Computer Modern to a vast repertoire of scripts. - <li><a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-779"></a><a name="index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-780"></a><a name="index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-781"></a><a name="index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-782"></a><a name="index-gftopxl-783"></a><a name="index-chtopx-784"></a><a name="index-pxtoch-785"></a>Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned +</li><li> <a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-xbfe_002c-bitmap-font-editor"></a> +<a name="index-xfed_002c-bitmap-font-editor"></a> +<a name="index-xfedor_002c-bitmap-font-editor"></a> +<a name="index-gftopxl"></a> +<a name="index-chtopx"></a> +<a name="index-pxtoch"></a> +Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned below; the X BDF-editing programs available from <a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z</a> and <a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z</a>; and finally, if your @@ -3657,69 +4946,87 @@ fonts have only 128 characters, you can use the old <code>gftopxl</code>, <code>pxtoch</code>, and <code>chtopx</code> programs from <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web</a>. - <li><a name="index-fontforge-786"></a><a name="index-pfaedit-787"></a>Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>. +</li><li> <a name="index-fontforge"></a> +<a name="index-pfaedit"></a> +Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>. This is a very elaborate program with support for many outline formats -(Type 1, OpenType, TrueType, <small class="dots">...</small>), and many advanced font +(Type 1, OpenType, TrueType, …), and many advanced font editing features. - <li><a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-788"></a><a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-789"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-790"></a><a name="index-ps2pk-791"></a>PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the ‘<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>’ +</li><li> <a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps"></a> +<a name="index-gsftopk"></a> +<a name="index-ps2pk"></a> +PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the ‘<samp>xdvi</samp>’ distribution. Alternatively, <code>ps2pk</code>, from -<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/ps2pk</span></samp>. +<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/fonts/utilities/ps2pk</samp>. - <li><a name="index-Type-1-conversion-792"></a><a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-793"></a><a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-794"></a>PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB +</li><li> <a name="index-Type-1-conversion"></a> +<a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion"></a> +<a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion"></a> +PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB formats): <a href="http://www.lcdf.org/type">http://www.lcdf.org/type</a>. - <li><a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts-795"></a><a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets-796"></a><a name="index-fontutils-797"></a>Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type +</li><li> <a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts"></a> +<a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets"></a> +<a name="index-fontutils"></a> +Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/">http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/</a>. - <li><a name="index-autotrace-798"></a><a name="index-potrace-799"></a>Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace +</li><li> <a name="index-autotrace"></a> +<a name="index-potrace"></a> +Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace (<a href="http://autotrace.sourceforge.net">http://autotrace.sourceforge.net</a>), Potrace (<a href="http://potrace.sourceforge.net">http://potrace.sourceforge.net</a>). For Metafont fonts, either of the two programs <code>mftrace</code> (<a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace">http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace</a>) or <code>textrace</code> (<a href="http://textrace.sourceforge.net">http://textrace.sourceforge.net</a>) make the job easier. - <li><a name="index-virtual-font-creation-800"></a><a name="index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-801"></a>Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp>. -</ul> +</li><li> <a name="index-virtual-font-creation"></a> +<a name="index-fontinst_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts"></a> +Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/fonts/utilities/fontinst</samp>. +</li></ul> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Legalisms"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#References">References</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<hr> +<a name="Legalisms"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#References" accesskey="n" rel="next">References</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-utilities" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font utilities</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="Legalisms-1"></a> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Legalisms</h2> -<p><a name="index-legalisms-802"></a><a name="index-copyright-notices-803"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-legal-804"></a> -In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying -permissions for that file. Following is a summary. +<a name="index-legalisms"></a> +<a name="index-copyright-notices"></a> +<a name="index-permissions_002c-legal"></a> - <p>The Web2c system itself and most of the original WEB source files are +<p>In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying +permissions for that file. Following is a summary. +</p> +<p>The Web2c system itself and most of the original WEB source files are public domain. - - <p><samp><span class="file">tex.web</span></samp>, the MLTeX code, <samp><span class="file">mf.web</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">bibtex.web</span></samp>, +</p> +<p><samp>tex.web</samp>, the MLTeX code, <samp>mf.web</samp>, and <samp>bibtex.web</samp>, are copyrighted by their authors. They may be copied verbatim, but may -be modified only through a <samp><span class="file">.ch</span></samp> file. - - <p>MetaPost-related files, including <samp><span class="file">mp.web</span></samp> itself, are copyrighted +be modified only through a <samp>.ch</samp> file. +</p> +<p>MetaPost-related files, including <samp>mp.web</samp> itself, are copyrighted under X-like terms; the precise notice is included below. - - <p>Finally, the Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General -Public License (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Introduction">Introduction</a>). Therefore, +</p> +<p>Finally, the Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General +Public License (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Introduction">Introduction</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). Therefore, the <em>binaries</em> resulting from a standard Web2c compilation are also covered by the LGPL; so if you (re)distribute the binaries, you must also (offer to) distribute the complete source that went into those -binaries. See the file <samp><span class="file">LGPL</span></samp> for complete details on the LGPL. - - <p>The following notice must be included by the terms of the MetaPost +binaries. See the file <samp>LGPL</samp> for complete details on the LGPL. +</p> +<p>The following notice must be included by the terms of the MetaPost copyright. - - <blockquote> -Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its +</p> +<blockquote> +<p>Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that the copyright notice and this permission notice and warranty @@ -3727,992 +5034,1213 @@ disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of AT&T Bell Laboratories or any of its entities not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. - - <p>AT&T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including +</p> +<p>AT&T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall AT&T be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this -software. -</blockquote> +software. +</p></blockquote> -<div class="node"> -<a name="References"></a> -<p><hr> -Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>, -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +<hr> +<a name="References"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Legalisms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Legalisms</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> - +<a name="References-1"></a> <h2 class="appendix">Appendix B References</h2> -<p><a name="index-references-805"></a><a name="index-bibliography-806"></a> - <ol type=1 start=1> -<li>Kpathsea: See <a href="kpathsea.html#Top">Introduction</a>. +<a name="index-references"></a> +<a name="index-bibliography"></a> - <li>Dvips and Afm2tfm: See <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>. +<ol> +<li> Kpathsea: See <a href="kpathsea.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. - <li>The TeX Users Group: <a href="http://www.tug.org">http://www.tug.org</a>. For an introduction +</li><li> Dvips and Afm2tfm: See <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Dvips</cite>. + +</li><li> The TeX Users Group: <a href="http://www.tug.org">http://www.tug.org</a>. For an introduction to the TeX system, see <a href="http://tug.org/begin.html">http://tug.org/begin.html</a>. - <li>TUGboat: <a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat">http://tug.org/TUGboat</a>. +</li><li> TUGboat: <a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat">http://tug.org/TUGboat</a>. - <li>TeX and computer typesetting in general:<br> +</li><li> TeX and computer typesetting in general:<br> <a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib</a>. - <li>For a bibliography of formal articles and technical reports on the +</li><li> For a bibliography of formal articles and technical reports on the TeX project, see the books <cite>TeX: The Program</cite> or <cite>Metafont: The Program</cite> cited below. - <!-- begin{thebibliography}{Knu86d} --> - <li>[Bil87] -Neenie Billawala. -Write-white printing engines and tuning fonts with Metafont. -<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 8(1):29–32, April 1987. + +</li><li> [Bil87] +Neenie Billawala. +Write-white printing engines and tuning fonts with Metafont. +<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 8(1):29–32, April 1987. <a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf</a>. - <li>[GMS94] -Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. -<cite>The LaTeX Companion</cite>. +</li><li> [GMS94] +Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. +<cite>The LaTeX Companion</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994. - <li>[Hob89] -John D. Hobby. -A Metafont-like system with PS output. -<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 10(4):505–512, December 1989. +</li><li> [Hob89] +John D. Hobby. +A Metafont-like system with PS output. +<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 10(4):505–512, December 1989. <a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a>. - <li>[Hob92] -John D. Hobby. -A User's Manual for MetaPost. +</li><li> [Hob92] +John D. Hobby. +A User’s Manual for MetaPost. Technical Report CSTR-162, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1992. - <li>[Hob93] -John D. Hobby. -Drawing Graphs with MetaPost. +</li><li> [Hob93] +John D. Hobby. +Drawing Graphs with MetaPost. Technical Report CSTR-164, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1993. - <li>[HS91] -Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. -<cite>C—A Reference Manual</cite>. -Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, third edition, 1991. +</li><li> [HS91] +Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. +<cite>C—A Reference Manual</cite>. +Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, third edition, 1991. An authoritative reference to the C programming language, and a good companion to Kernighan and Ritchie. - <li>[KL93] -Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy. -<cite>The CWEB System of Structured Documentation, Version 3.0</cite>. +</li><li> [KL93] +Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy. +<cite>The CWEB System of Structured Documentation, Version 3.0</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1993. - <li>[Knu84] -Donald E. Knuth. -A torture test for TeX. +</li><li> [Knu84] +Donald E. Knuth. +A torture test for TeX. Report No. STAN-CS-84-1027, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, 1984. - <li>[Knu86a] -Donald E. Knuth. -A Torture Test for METAFONT. +</li><li> [Knu86a] +Donald E. Knuth. +A Torture Test for METAFONT. Report No. STAN-CS-86-1095, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, 1986. - <li>[Knu86b] -Donald E. Knuth. -<cite>The TeXbook</cite>, volume A of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. +</li><li> [Knu86b] +Donald E. Knuth. +<cite>The TeXbook</cite>, volume A of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986. - <li>[Knu86c] -Donald E. Knuth. -<cite>TeX: The Program</cite>, volume B of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. +</li><li> [Knu86c] +Donald E. Knuth. +<cite>TeX: The Program</cite>, volume B of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986. - <li>[Knu86d] -Donald E. Knuth. -<cite>The METAFONTbook</cite>, volume C of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. +</li><li> [Knu86d] +Donald E. Knuth. +<cite>The METAFONTbook</cite>, volume C of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986. - <li>[Knu86e] -Donald E. Knuth. +</li><li> [Knu86e] +Donald E. Knuth. <cite>METAFONT: The Program</cite>, volume D of <cite>Computers and - Typesetting</cite>. + Typesetting</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986. - <li>[Knu86f] -Donald E. Knuth. +</li><li> [Knu86f] +Donald E. Knuth. <cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, volume E of <cite>Computers and - Typesetting</cite>. + Typesetting</cite>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986. - <li>[Knu89] -Donald E. Knuth. -The errors of TeX. +</li><li> [Knu89] +Donald E. Knuth. +The errors of TeX. <cite>Software—Practice and Experience</cite>, 19(7):607–681, July - 1989. + 1989. This is an updated version of Knuth:1988:ET. - <li>[Knu90] -Donald Knuth. -Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards. -<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 11(1):13–23, April 1990. +</li><li> [Knu90] +Donald Knuth. +Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards. +<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 11(1):13–23, April 1990. <a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf</a>. - <li>[Knu92] -Donald E. Knuth. -<cite>Literate Programming</cite>. +</li><li> [Knu92] +Donald E. Knuth. +<cite>Literate Programming</cite>. CSLI Lecture Notes Number 27. Stanford University Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, CA, USA, 1992. - <li>[Lam94] -Leslie Lamport. -<cite>LaTeX: A Document Preparation System: User's Guide and Reference - Manual</cite>. -Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, second edition, 1994. +</li><li> [Lam94] +Leslie Lamport. +<cite>LaTeX: A Document Preparation System: User’s Guide and Reference + Manual</cite>. +Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, second edition, 1994. Reprinted with corrections in 1996. - <li>[Lia83] -Franklin Mark Liang. -Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter. -Technical Report STAN-CS-83-977, Stanford University, August 1983. +</li><li> [Lia83] +Franklin Mark Liang. +Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter. +Technical Report STAN-CS-83-977, Stanford University, August 1983. <a href="http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf">http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf</a>. - <li>[Mac91] -Pierre A. MacKay. +</li><li> [Mac91] +Pierre A. MacKay. Looking at the pixels: Quality control for 300 dpi laser printer fonts, - especially Metafonts. + especially Metafonts. In Robert A. Morris and Jacques Andre, editors, <cite>Raster Imaging and Digital Typography II—Papers from the second RIDT meeting, held in Boston, Oct. 14–16, 1991</cite>, pages 205–215, New York, 1991. Cambridge University Press. - <li>[Spi89] -Michael D. Spivak. -<cite>LAMSTeX, The Synthesis</cite>. +</li><li> [Spi89] +Michael D. Spivak. +<cite>LAMSTeX, The Synthesis</cite>. The TeXplorators Corporation, 3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273, Houston, TX 77027, USA, 1989. - <li>[Spi90] -Michael D. Spivak. +</li><li> [Spi90] +Michael D. Spivak. <cite>The Joy of TeX—A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the - AMSTeX macro package</cite>. + AMSTeX macro package</cite>. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition, 1990. - <!-- end{thebibliography} --> - </ol> -<div class="node"> -<a name="Index"></a> -<p><hr> -Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#References">References</a>, -Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a> +</li></ol> -</div> +<hr> +<a name="Index"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Previous: <a href="#References" accesskey="p" rel="prev">References</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<a name="Index-1"></a> <h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2> -<ul class="index-cp" compact> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023define_007d-options-36">‘<samp><span class="samp">#define</span></samp>’ options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-223"><code>$ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0026-_0040r_007bmagic-number_007d-180"><code>%& </code><span class="roman">magic number</span></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarting-a-filename_007d-93"><code>- </code><span class="roman">starting a filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-91"><code>- </code><span class="roman">starts option names</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-92"><code>-- </code><span class="roman">starts option names</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-195"><code>--disable-dump-share configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dmf_002dnowin-449"><code>--disable-mf-nowin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002depsfwin-416"><code>--enable-epsfwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dhp2627win-418"><code>--enable-hp2627win</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-249"><code>--enable-ipc configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmftalkwin-420"><code>--enable-mftalkwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dnext-423"><code>--enable-next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dregiswin-425"><code>--enable-regiswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dsuntoolswin-430"><code>--enable-suntoolswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dtektronixwin-434"><code>--enable-tektronixwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dunitermwin-438"><code>--enable-unitermwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"><code>--help </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"><code>--verbose </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"><code>--version </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-211"><code>--with-editor=</code><var>cmd</var></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmf_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-444"><code>--with-mf-x-toolkit=</code><var>kit</var></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-443"><code>--with-x</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d8bit-138"><code>-8bit</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-178"><code>-base=</code><var>base</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"><code>-base=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-481"><code>-change=</code><var>chfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-766"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-737"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040r_007bcompiler-options_007d-37"><code>-D </code><span class="roman">compiler options</span></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddisable_002dwrite18-263"><code>-disable-write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-630"><code>-dpi=</code><var>real</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002denable_002dwrite18-262"><code>-enable-write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002denc-244"><code>-enc</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"><code>-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"><code>-file-line-error-style</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"><code>-fmt=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-177"><code>-fmt=</code><var>fmt</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-458"><code>-geometry</code><span class="roman">, supported with Xt</span></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"><code>-halt-on-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dimages-711"><code>-images</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-161"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-112"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"><code>-interaction=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dipc-247"><code>-ipc</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-248"><code>-ipc-start</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"><code>-jobname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"><code>-kpathsea-debug=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-585"><code>-length=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dloose-593"><code>-loose</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlowercase-587"><code>-lowercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-631"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-616"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-634"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-619"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"><code>-mem=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-548"><code>-min-crossrefs=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmixedcase-588"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-386"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-250"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmltex-252"><code>-mltex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmnemonics-712"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"><code>-no-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-387"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-251"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"><code>-no-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-260"><code>-no-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-255"><code>-output-comment=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-150"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-635"><code>-output-level=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-471"><code>-overflow-label-offset=</code><var>points</var></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-636"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-620"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"><code>-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-179"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002drecorder-132"><code>-recorder</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-259"><code>-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002drestricted-261"><code>-shell-restricted</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-640"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstrict-594"><code>-strict</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-483"><code>-style=</code><var>mftfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-518"><code>-T</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dterse-545"><code>-terse</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-521"><code>-tex=</code><var>texprogram</var></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"><code>-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-519"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dunderline-591"><code>-underline</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002duppercase-589"><code>-uppercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-601"><code>-x</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-output_007d-149"><code>.</code><span class="roman">, used for output</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-385"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-536"><code>.aux </code><span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-390"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-535"><code>.bbl </code><span class="roman">bibliography files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-537"><code>.bib </code><span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-538"><code>.blg </code><span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-267"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-371"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-497"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-and-PDF-516"><code>.mps</code> files and PDF</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-500"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var> <span class="roman">PostScript figures</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-375"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>gf </code><span class="roman">generic fonts</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-303"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-232"><code>.tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-501"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-380"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXdefaults-456"><code>.Xdefaults</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXresources-457"><code>.Xresources</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-384"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-139">8 bit clean</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"><code>8 bit clean output, specifying</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-306">8-bit characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliography-540"><code>\bibliography</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-541"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-296"><code>\charsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-639"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-623"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfont-_0040r_007band-dynamic-generation_007d-237"><code>\font </code><span class="roman">and dynamic generation</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfontdimen-743"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-335"><code>\immediate\write18</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007bfilenames_007d-214"><code>\input </code><span class="roman">filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-343"><code>\input</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-633"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-618"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenin_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-342"><code>\openin</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout-_0040r_007band-security_007d-238"><code>\openout </code><span class="roman">and security</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-344"><code>\openout</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005coutput-_0040r_007broutine_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005cwrite_007d_007d-338"><code>\output </code><span class="roman">routine, and </span><code>\write</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cpdfshellescape-345"><code>\pdfshellescape</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cstring-224"><code>\string</code></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-299"><code>\tracingcharsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-301"><code>\tracinglostchars </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-336"><code>\write18 </code><span class="roman">shell escape extension</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-323"><code>^^ </code><span class="roman">notation, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-488"><cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, production of</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst-563"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accented-character-307">accented character</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-293">accents, hyphenating words with</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-acknowledgements-19">acknowledgements</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-acm_002ebst-564"><code>acm.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-577">Ada, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-additional-Make-targets-44">additional Make targets</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-772">AFM to TFM conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-773"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-afmtopl-774"><code>afmtopl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Aleph-354">Aleph</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-145">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst-565"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-277">American Mathematical Society, typesetting system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-276">AMSTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst-566"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-architecture-dependencies-193">architecture dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-array-limit_002c-fixed-83">array limit, fixed</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-array-sizes-71">array sizes</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-assembly-language-routines-41">assembly language routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-autotrace-798"><code>autotrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-576">Awk, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-file_002c-determining-175">base file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-files-391">base files</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-401">base files, need mode definitions</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-plain-only-398">base files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-sharing-187">base files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"><code>bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-560">basic BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-basic-fonts-and-macros-29">basic fonts and macros</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-batch-languages-228">batch languages</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-776">BDF and GF conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-beginfig-499"><code>beginfig</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-17">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-543"><code>BIBINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating-532">bibliographies, creating</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibliography-806">bibliography</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-550">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-bibtex-534"><code>bibtex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-533">BibTeX</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-557">BibTeX collection</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-561">BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BigEndian-machines-190">BigEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-binaries_002c-linking-129">binaries, linking</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-315">blank lines, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74">boxes, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76">breakpoints, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5">Breitenlohner, Peter</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-544"><code>BSTINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-505"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib-554"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex-551"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex-552"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-byte-position-713">byte position</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-byte-position-680">byte position</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-byte-swapping-196">byte swapping</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"><code>c-sources </code><span class="roman">Makefile target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-482">change files, and MFT</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-582">change files, and Tangle</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-600">change files, and Weave</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-changing-error-messages-style-105">changing error messages style</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-714">character codes, in GFtype output</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-683">character codes, in PKtype output</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-318">character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-proofs-of-fonts-464">character proofs of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-751"><code>CHARACTER </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-character-translation-files-304">character translation files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-754"><code>CHARDP </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-753"><code>CHARHT </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-755"><code>CHARIC </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-752"><code>CHARWD </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-chtopx-784"><code>chtopx</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-class-name-for-Metafont-453">class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cm_002ebase-395"><code>cm.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emf-396"><code>cmbase.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emft-486"><code>cmbase.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-394"><code>cmmf.base </code><span class="roman">not recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-531">color, in DVItoMP</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-317">comments, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-MFT-control-479">comments, MFT control</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-common-options-95">common options</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-commonalities-87">commonalities</a>: <a href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compilation-25">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-35">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-33">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-509">Computer Modern fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-macros-397">Computer Modern macros</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-24">configuration</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-reading-143">configuration file reading</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-values-70">configuration file values</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32">configuration, compile-time</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"><code>configure --with/--enable </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex-603"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81">control sequence names, space for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conventions-for-options_002c-89">conventions for options,</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-625">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-667">conversion, GF to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-706">conversion, GF to plain text</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-671">conversion, PK to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-675">conversion, PK to plain text</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-757">conversion, property list to TFM</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-768">conversion, property list to VF</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-732">conversion, TFM to property list</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-761">conversion, VF to VPL</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-copyright-notices-803">copyright notices</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-312">Cork encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-creating-memory-dumps-171">creating memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-549">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-602">cross-references, omitting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output-148">current directory, used for output</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Curtis_002c-Pavel-15">Curtis, Pavel</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-CWEB-575">CWEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Cweb-574">Cweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps-200">date and time, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities-643">debugging DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121">debugging flags, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-321">decimal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dependencies_002c-hardware-194">dependencies, hardware</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units-750">design-size units</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-402">device definitions, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-729">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-686">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-directory-structure-28">directory structure</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DISPLAY-459"><code>DISPLAY</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dot-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-242">dot files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-511">downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DrawingServant-422"><code>DrawingServant</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dump-file-109">dump file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dumping-memory-167">dumping memory</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-257">DVI comment, specifying</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-529">DVI files, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained-657">DVI files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition-613">DVI format definition</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-642">DVI opcodes, showing</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-DVI-utilities-611">DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvicopy-614"><code>dvicopy</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitomp-528"><code>dvitomp</code></a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-624"><code>dvitype </code><span class="roman">DVI validation</span></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example-644">dvitype output example</a>: <a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb-612"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-726">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-691">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-727">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-array-allocation-86">dynamic array allocation</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-409">dynamic Metafont mode definitions with <code>smode</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable-682">dynamic packing variable</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bresponse-at-error-prompt_007d-207"><code>e </code><span class="roman">response at error prompt</span></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e_002dcircumflex-297">e-circumflex</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-352">e-TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-e_002emft-487"><code>e.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-373">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-235">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-779">editing of bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-editor-invoked-at-error-205">editor invoked at error</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-219">eight-bit characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-empty_002etcx-311"><code>empty.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-endian-dependencies-191">endian dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-720"><code>eoc </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Eplain-282">Eplain</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-epsf-414"><code>epsf</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at-206">errors, editor invoked at</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-722">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-689">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical-724">escapement, vertical</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-506"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin-160">executables, shared initial and virgin</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape-339">exit status, of shell escape</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format-283">expanded plain format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-350">extensions to TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"><code>extra_mem_bot</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-740"><code>FACE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-739"><code>FAMILY </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-291">Ferguson, Michael</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts-651">file formats for fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-file-recorder-133">file recorder</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files-213">filename conventions, in input files</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94">filenames starting with ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137">first line of the main input file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39">fixed-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-FIXPT-38"><code>FIXPT</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-flag-byte-681">flag byte</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40">floating-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-values-198">floating-point values</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fmt-file_002c-determining-174">fmt file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fmt-files-268">fmt files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fmt-files_002c-sharing-186">fmt files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"><code>fmts </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-aliases-144">font aliases</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-character-code_002c-translating-324">font character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-design-368">font design</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-512">font downloading for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-file-formats-650">font file formats</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-proofs-465">font proofs</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-utilities-645">font utilities</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-771">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"><code>font_mem_size</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontforge-786"><code>fontforge</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-801"><code>fontinst</code><span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-basic-30">fonts, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fontutils-797"><code>fontutils</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-format-files-271">format files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272">formats for TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"><code>formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-fraction-routines-42">fraction routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-281">Free Software Foundation documentation system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-freedom-of-Web2c-9">freedom of Web2c</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-556"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-generating-source-specials-264">generating source specials</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-geometric-designs-366">geometric designs</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling-655">geometric font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-geometry-for-Metafont-454">geometry for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-getopt_005flong_005fonly-90"><code>getopt_long_only</code></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained-660">GF files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-378">GF files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF-format-definition-649">GF format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF-output-377">GF output</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-672">GF, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-669">GF, converting to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftodvi-463"><code>gftodvi</code></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopk-666"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftopxl-783"><code>gftopxl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-705"><code>gftype </code><span class="roman">GF validation</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb-647"><code>gftype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glue-ratio-representations-199">glue ratio representations</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glue_002c-memory-for-75">glue, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-glyph-substitutions-294">glyph substitutions</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gray-font-467">gray font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61">Gruff, Billy Goat</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-790"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e-203">Harbison, Samuel P.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hardware-and-memory-dumps-183">hardware and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82">hash table, increasing size of</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hash_005fextra-80"><code>hash_extra</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-741"><code>headerbyte </code><span class="roman">information</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels-692">height, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-help_002c-online-97">help, online</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Henry_002c-Patrick-11">Henry, Patrick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-415">Herberts, Mathias</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-320">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-history-12">history</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-4">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-721">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-688">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hp2627-417"><code>hp2627</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-287">human languages, supported in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-627">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-708">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-677">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-735">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-764">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hypertext-359">hypertext</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-and-languages-288">hyphenation and languages</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-328">hyphenation patterns, creating</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ice-cream-10">ice cream</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifier-case-590">identifier case</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifier-collisions-595">identifier collisions</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifier-length-586">identifier length</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines-592">identifiers with underlines</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst-567"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-309"><code>il1-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-310"><code>il2-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Info-format-280">Info format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114">initial form, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-initial-Metafont-388">initial Metafont</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-initial-MetaPost-522">initial MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-initial-programs-164">initial programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265">initial TeX</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-initializations_002c-lengthy-165">initializations, lengthy</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-input-filenames-212">input filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"><code>install-bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-install_002dfmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-52"><code>install-fmts </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"><code>install-formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"><code>install-mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-installation-26">installation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-326">interaction between TCX files and ‘<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>’.</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-interaction-mode-116">interaction mode</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-international-characters-305">international characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-introduction-1">introduction</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-IPC-347">IPC</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-349"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-job-name-118">job name</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-749">kerning table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-325">keyboard character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-480">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-747"><code>KRN </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-label-font-469">label font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-745"><code>LABEL </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-286">language support in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-329">languages, hyphenation rules for</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-275">LaTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Latin-Modern-778">Latin Modern</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-715">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-701">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-legalisms-802">legalisms</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-licensing-terms-8">licensing terms</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-746"><code>LIG </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-748">ligature table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-744"><code>LIGTABLE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-linking-binaries-130">linking binaries</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-links-to-binaries-182">links to binaries</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-literate-programming-571">literate programming</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-LittleEndian-machines-189">LittleEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-539">log file, BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Lua-361">Lua</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-lua_0040TeX_007b_007d-360">luaTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-machine-dependencies-192">machine dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-770">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-759">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-664">MacKay, Pierre</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-274">macro packages, major TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros_002c-basic-31">macros, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps-168">macros, predefining in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification-632">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-magnification-617">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-main_005fmemory-72"><code>main_memory</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Make-targets_002c-additional-46">Make targets, additional</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Martin_002c-Rick-20">Martin, Rick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-Reviews-278">Mathematical Reviews</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mathematical-typesetting-227">mathematical typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mem-file_002c-determining-176">mem file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mem-files_002c-sharing-188">mem files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining-173">memory dump to use, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps-166">memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps-and-hardware-184">memory dumps and hardware</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-contain-date-and-time-202">memory dumps, contain date and time</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-creating-170">memory dumps, creating</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"><code>mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-meta-characters-in-filenames-220">meta characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-364">Metafont</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-geometry-455">Metafont geometry</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-graphics-411">Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-input-files-372">Metafont input files</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-invocation-370">Metafont invocation</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-492">Metafont meets PostScript</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-460">Metafont online support, new devices</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-475">Metafont source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-524">Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-initial-389">Metafont, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-158">Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-490">MetaPost</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-526">MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input-files-498">MetaPost input files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-invocation-494">MetaPost invocation</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-489">MetaPost source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-initial-523">MetaPost, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-and-Metafont-159">MetaPost, TeX, and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-metatype1-777"><code>metatype1</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mf-369"><code>mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mf_002ebase-393"><code>mf.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MFEDIT-209"><code>MFEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mfplain-527"><code>mfplain</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mfput-376"><code>mfput</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mft-474"><code>mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mftalk-419"><code>mftalk</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MFTERM-412"><code>MFTERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mftmac_002etex-478"><code>mftmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-micro_002dtypography-358">micro-typography</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-374"><code>mktexmf</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mktextfM_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-236"><code>mktextfM</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mltex-289"><code>mltex</code></a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-253">MLTeX, enabling</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-382">mode needed to run Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mode_005fdef-406"><code>mode_def</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mode_005fsetup-407"><code>mode_setup</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-400">modes file needed for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-404"><code>modes.mf </code><span class="roman">recommended modes file</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim-16">Morgan, Tim</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Morris_002c-Bob-21">Morris, Bob</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPEDIT-210"><code>MPEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mpgraph_002eps-496"><code>mpgraph.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mpman_002eps-495"><code>mpman.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mpost-493"><code>mpost</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mpost_0040r_007b_002c-reason-for-name-change_007d-27"><code>mpost</code><span class="roman">, reason for name change</span></a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mpout-502"><code>mpout</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mproof_002etex-510"><code>mproof.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"><code>mptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mptrap-test-64">mptrap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"><code>mptrap.readme</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-530">MPX files, converting from DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-290">Multi-lingual TeX</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-N-tilde-298">N tilde</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-461">new graphics support for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-719"><code>newrow </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-next-421"><code>next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NO_005fX11WIN-439"><code>NO_X11WIN</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48">non-Unix system, compiling on</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-non_002dwindows_002dcapable-Metafont-450">non-windows-capable Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-218">NUL, not allowed in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-319">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels-473">offset for overflow labels</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics-410">online Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-641">opcodes, showing DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling-654">optical font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-option-conventions-88">option conventions</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-origin-698">origin</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-151">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-file-location-147">output file location</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-240">output files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-256"><code>output_comment </code><span class="roman">for DVI files</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset-472">overflow label offset</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-packet-length-684">packet length</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-638">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-622">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-parsing-the-first-line-127">parsing the first line</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-580">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-patgen-327"><code>patgen</code></a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-searching-141">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-path-searching-debugging-122">path searching debugging</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF-357">PDF</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PDF_002c-and-_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-515">PDF, and <code>.mps</code> files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-356">pdfTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal-804">permissions, legal</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-793">PFA and PFB conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pfaedit-787"><code>pfaedit</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77">PiCTeX, increasing memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing-341">pipes, reading and writing</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pixel-height-693">pixel height</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pixel-width-694">pixel width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-788">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained-659">PK files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-379">PK files, not output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK-format-definition-648">PK format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-668">PK, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-673">PK, converting to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pktogf-670"><code>pktogf</code></a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-674"><code>pktype </code><span class="roman">PK validation</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb-646"><code>pktype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained-661">PL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-525">plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-626">plain text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-707">plain text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-676">plain text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-736">plain text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-765">plain text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-392"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebst-562"><code>plain.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain_002efmt-269"><code>plain.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-plain_002emft-485"><code>plain.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pltotf-756"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing-583">pool file, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Poole_002c-Simon-435">Poole, Simon</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pooltype-605"><code>pooltype</code></a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-portable-filenames-221">portable filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-507">PostScript fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-491">PostScript meets Metafont</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-output-504">PostScript output</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-789">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-794">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-656">PostScript, and font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-potrace-799"><code>potrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps-169">predefined macros and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-476">prettyprinting Metafont source</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-599">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-primitives_002c-new-353">primitives, new</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-322">printable characters, specifying</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-403">printer characteristics, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-production-use-163">production use</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump-181">program name, determines memory dump</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-254">program names, special</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-113">program names, special</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prologues-520"><code>prologues</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-513"><code>prologues</code><span class="roman">, and EPSF output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-383"><code>proof </code><span class="roman">mode</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-466">proof sheets, of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list-format-738">property list format</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-734">property list, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-763">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-ps2pk-791"><code>ps2pk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-514"><code>psfonts.map</code><span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained-658">PXL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-pxtoch-785"><code>pxtoch</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-292">Raichle, Bernd</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reading_002c-additional-23">reading, additional</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-152">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reallocation-of-arrays-85">reallocation of arrays</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions-300">redefined character substitutions</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-reference-pixel-699">reference pixel</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-references-805">references</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-regis-424"><code>regis</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Regis-graphics-support-426">Regis graphics support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-regression-testing-258">regression testing</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-repeated-rows-704">repeated rows</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-representation-of-strings-609">representation of strings</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-restricted-shell-escapes-332">restricted shell escapes</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-716">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-702">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-13">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-718">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-703">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-runtime-options-69">runtime options</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-725">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-690">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts-653">scaling of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts-795">scanned images of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005copenout_007d-239">security, and <code>\openout</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-output-files-243">security, and output files</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-331">security, and shell escapes</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007bwrite_007d-517">security, and <code>write</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shapes-367">shapes</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sharing-memory-dumps-185">sharing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-330">shell commands in TeX</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-334"><code>shell_escape </code><span class="roman">enabling in TeX</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands-340"><code>shell_escape_commands</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-siam_002ebst-568"><code>siam.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-717">side bearings</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-700">side bearings</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slant-font-470">slant font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing-285">slides, producing</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-284">SliTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-405">small Metafont memory and modes</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-408"><code>smode </code><span class="roman">and dynamic Metafont mode definition</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sockets-348">sockets</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-space_002dterminated-filenames-215">space-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Spiderweb-573">Spiderweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22">Stallman, Richard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-starting-page-637">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-starting-page-621">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e-204">Steele Jr., Guy L.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111">stopping at the first error</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-strategy_002c-overall-7">strategy, overall</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-607">string numbers, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing-584">string pool, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-string-representation-610">string representation</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-553">style design, for BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-style-files-484">style files</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-295">substitutions of font glyphs</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sun-427"><code>sun</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-431"><code>sun-gfx.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Suntools-429">Suntools</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-SunView-428">SunView</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit-84">swap space, as array limit</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-swapping-bytes-197">swapping bytes</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files-314">syntax of TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-337"><code>system </code><span class="roman">C library function</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-system-command-333">system command</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-313">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-665">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tangle-579"><code>tangle</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-targets_002c-additional-Make-45">targets, additional Make</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-302"><code>TCX </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tek-432"><code>tek</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-433">Tektronix</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014-437">Tektronix 4014</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TERM-413"><code>TERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-terminator-for-filenames-217">terminator for filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-terse-output-546">terse output</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex-230"><code>tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-559">TeX, bibliographies for</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-477">TeX, creating from Metafont</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-597">TeX, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-description-of-225">TeX, description of</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-351">TeX, extensions to</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-273">TeX, format packages for</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-266">TeX, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-input-files-found-233">TeX, input files found</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-invocation-231">TeX, invocation</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost-157">TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3">TeX, Web2c implementation of</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tex_002efmt-270"><code>tex.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-542"><code>TEXBIB</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXEDIT-208"><code>TEXEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-146"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-279">Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-142"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-462"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-reading_007d-155"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used for reading</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-153"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used if ‘</span><samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp><span class="roman">’ unwritable</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-texput-234"><code>texput</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-758">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained-652">TFM files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79">TFM files, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-381">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-503">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-728">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-685">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tftopl-731"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-three-programs-156">three programs</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps-201">time and date, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-title-font-468">title font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-toolkits_002c-X-445">toolkits, X</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-torture-tests-65">torture tests</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135">translation file for TeX, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-translation-from-WEB-to-C-6">translation from WEB to C</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"><code>trap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trap-test-63">trap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trapman_002etex-67"><code>trapman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Trickey_002c-Howard-14">Trickey, Howard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"><code>trip </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-trip-test-62">trip test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-tripman_002etex-66"><code>tripman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"><code>triptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-508">Troff, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-578">Troff, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Trojan-horses-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-241">Trojan horses and TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography-558">TUGboat bibliography</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion-792">Type 1 conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal-399">type design, personal</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI-628">type programs, DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF-709">type programs, GF</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK-678">type programs, PK</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool-606">type programs, pool</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typeface-families-365">typeface families</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets-796">typeface specimen sheets</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-typesetting-226">typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unicode-355">Unicode</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Unicode-input-245">Unicode input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-uniterm-436"><code>uniterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst-569"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input-246">UTF-8 input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-629">validation, of DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-710">validation, of GF files</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-679">validation, of PK files</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-733">validation, of TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-762">validation, of VF files</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-547">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99">verbosity, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-version-number_002c-finding-101">version number, finding</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vertical-escapement-723">vertical escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-769">VF files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vftovp-760"><code>vftovp</code></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virgin-programs-162">virgin programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation-800">virtual font creation</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-615">virtual fonts, expanding</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-662"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt-663"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-vptovf-767"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-weave-596"><code>weave</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-570">WEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-web-environments_002c-and-security-346">web environments, and security</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-608">WEB pool files, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-581">WEB programs, compiling</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-598">WEB programs, typesetting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-308"><code>WEB2C</code><span class="roman">, search path for TCX files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf-18">Weber, Olaf</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-webmac_002etex-604"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-webman_002etex-572"><code>webman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-316">whitespace, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-216">whitespace-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-730">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-687">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels-695">width, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-word-processor_002c-not-229">word processor, not</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-writing-memory-dumps-172">writing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts-775">X bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-452">X class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-x-offset-696">x offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-resources-451">X resources</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-446">X toolkits and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib-555"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-780"><code>xbfe</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xe_0040TeX_007b_007d-362">XeTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-781"><code>xfed</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-782"><code>xfedor</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xlib-441"><code>Xlib</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xlib-support-448">Xlib support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xt-440"><code>Xt</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-Xt-support-447">Xt support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-xterm-442"><code>xterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-y-offset-697">y offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li> -<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-222"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li> - </ul></body></html> - +<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>#</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>$</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>-</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>.</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>2</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>8</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>\</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>^</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>~</b></a> + +<br> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Y"><b>Y</b></a> + +</td></tr></table> +<table class="index-cp" border="0"> +<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td> </td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-1">#</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0023define-options">‘<samp>#define</samp>’ options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-2">$</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0024-expansion-in-filenames"><code>$ <span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-3">%</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0026-magic-number"><code>%& <span class="roman">magic number</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-4">-</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d-starting-a-filename"><code>- <span class="roman">starting a filename</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d-starts-option-names"><code>- <span class="roman">starts option names</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002d-starts-option-names"><code>-- <span class="roman">starts option names</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-option"><code>--disable-dump-share configure <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddisable_002dmf_002dnowin"><code>--disable-mf-nowin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002depsfwin"><code>--enable-epsfwin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dhp2627win"><code>--enable-hp2627win</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-option"><code>--enable-ipc configure <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dmftalkwin"><code>--enable-mftalkwin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dnext"><code>--enable-next</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dregiswin"><code>--enable-regiswin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dsuntoolswin"><code>--enable-suntoolswin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dtektronixwin"><code>--enable-tektronixwin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dunitermwin"><code>--enable-unitermwin</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-common-option"><code>--help <span class="roman">common option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dverbose-common-option"><code>--verbose <span class="roman">common option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion-common-option"><code>--version <span class="roman">common option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003dcmd"><code>--with-editor=<var>cmd</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwith_002dmf_002dx_002dtoolkit_003dkit"><code>--with-mf-x-toolkit=<var>kit</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwith_002dx"><code>--with-x</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d8bit"><code>-8bit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dbase_003dbase"><code>-base=<var>base</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dbase_003ddumpname"><code>-base=<var>dumpname</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dchange_003dchfile"><code>-change=<var>chfile</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dcharcode_002dformat_003dtype"><code>-charcode-format=<var>type</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dcharcode_002dformat_003dtype-1"><code>-charcode-format=<var>type</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dD-compiler-options"><code>-D <span class="roman">compiler options</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ddisable_002dwrite18"><code>-disable-write18</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ddpi_003dreal"><code>-dpi=<var>real</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002denable_002dwrite18"><code>-enable-write18</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002denc"><code>-enc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dfile_002dline_002derror"><code>-file-line-error</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle"><code>-file-line-error-style</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dfmt_003ddumpname"><code>-fmt=<var>dumpname</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dfmt_003dfmt"><code>-fmt=<var>fmt</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dgeometry_002c-supported-with-Xt"><code>-geometry<span class="roman">, supported with Xt</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dhalt_002don_002derror"><code>-halt-on-error</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dimages"><code>-images</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dini"><code>-ini</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dini-1"><code>-ini</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dinteraction_003dstring"><code>-interaction=<var>string</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dipc"><code>-ipc</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dipc_002dstart"><code>-ipc-start</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002djobname_003dstring"><code>-jobname=<var>string</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003dnumber"><code>-kpathsea-debug=<var>number</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dlength_003dnumber"><code>-length=<var>number</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dloose"><code>-loose</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dlowercase"><code>-lowercase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmagnification_003dinteger"><code>-magnification=<var>integer</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmagnification_003dinteger-1"><code>-magnification=<var>integer</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmax_002dpages_003dn"><code>-max-pages=<var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmax_002dpages_003dn-1"><code>-max-pages=<var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmem_003ddumpname"><code>-mem=<var>dumpname</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003dn"><code>-min-crossrefs=<var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmixedcase"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmktex_003dfiletype"><code>-mktex=<var>filetype</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmktex_003dfiletype-1"><code>-mktex=<var>filetype</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmltex"><code>-mltex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmnemonics"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror"><code>-no-file-line-error</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype"><code>-no-mktex=<var>filetype</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype-1"><code>-no-mktex=<var>filetype</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline"><code>-no-parse-first-line</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dno_002dshell_002descape"><code>-no-shell-escape</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002doutput_002dcomment_003dstring"><code>-output-comment=<var>string</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002doutput_002ddirectory"><code>-output-directory</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002doutput_002ddirectory-1"><code>-output-directory</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002doutput_002dlevel_003dn"><code>-output-level=<var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003dpoints"><code>-overflow-label-offset=<var>points</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dpage_002dstart_003dpage_002dspec"><code>-page-start=<var>page-spec</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dpage_002dstart_003dpage_002dspec-1"><code>-page-start=<var>page-spec</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline"><code>-parse-first-line</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dprogname_003dstring"><code>-progname=<var>string</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dprogname_003dstring-1"><code>-progname=<var>string</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002drecorder"><code>-recorder</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dshell_002descape"><code>-shell-escape</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dshell_002drestricted"><code>-shell-restricted</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dshow_002dopcodes"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dstrict"><code>-strict</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dstyle_003dmftfile"><code>-style=<var>mftfile</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT"><code>-T</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dterse"><code>-terse</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dtex_003dtexprogram"><code>-tex=<var>texprogram</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dtranslate_002dfile_003dtcxfile"><code>-translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dtroff"><code>-troff</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dunderline"><code>-underline</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002duppercase"><code>-uppercase</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dx"><code>-x</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-5">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002e_002c-used-for-output"><code>.<span class="roman">, used for output</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002e2602gf"><code>.2602gf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eaux-cross_002dreference-files"><code>.aux <span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ebase"><code>.base</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ebbl-bibliography-files"><code>.bbl <span class="roman">bibliography files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ebib-bibliography-databases"><code>.bib <span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eblg-BibTeX-log-file"><code>.blg <span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002efmt"><code>.fmt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002emf"><code>.mf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002emp"><code>.mp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002emps-files-and-PDF"><code>.mps</code> files and PDF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ennn-PostScript-figures"><code>.<var>nnn</var> <span class="roman">PostScript figures</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ennngf-generic-fonts"><code>.<var>nnn</var>gf <span class="roman">generic fonts</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etcx-character-translation-files"><code>.tcx <span class="roman">character translation files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etcx-character-translation-files-1"><code>.tcx <span class="roman">character translation files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etex"><code>.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etfm-output"><code>.tfm <span class="roman">output</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etfm-output-1"><code>.tfm <span class="roman">output</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eXdefaults"><code>.Xdefaults</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eXresources"><code>.Xresources</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-6">2</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-2602gf"><code>2602gf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-7">8</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8-bit-clean">8 bit clean</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying"><code>8 bit clean output, specifying</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8_002dbit-characters">8-bit characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-8">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbibliography"><code>\bibliography</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cbibliographystyle"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccharsubdef-and-MLTeX"><code>\charsubdef <span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccountn"><code>\count<var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ccountn-1"><code>\count<var>n</var></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfont-and-dynamic-generation"><code>\font <span class="roman">and dynamic generation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cfontdimen"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cimmediate_005cwrite18"><code>\immediate\write18</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cinput-filenames"><code>\input <span class="roman">filenames</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cinput_002c-and-pipes"><code>\input<span class="roman">, and pipes</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmag"><code>\mag</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmag-1"><code>\mag</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005copenin_002c-and-pipes"><code>\openin<span class="roman">, and pipes</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005copenout-and-security"><code>\openout <span class="roman">and security</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005copenout_002c-and-pipes"><code>\openout<span class="roman">, and pipes</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coutput-routine_002c-and-_005cwrite"><code>\output <span class="roman">routine, and <code>\write</code></span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cpdfshellescape"><code>\pdfshellescape</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cstring"><code>\string</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctracingcharsubdef-and-MLTeX"><code>\tracingcharsubdef <span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctracinglostchars-and-MLTeX"><code>\tracinglostchars <span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cwrite18-shell-escape-extension"><code>\write18 <span class="roman">shell escape extension</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-9">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005e_005e-notation_002c-avoiding"><code>^^ <span class="roman">notation, avoiding</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_symbol-10">~</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007e-expansion-in-filenames"><code>~ <span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accented-character">accented character</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with">accents, hyphenating words with</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-acknowledgements">acknowledgements</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-acm_002ebst"><code>acm.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for">Ada, WEB for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-additional-Make-targets">additional Make targets</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion">AFM to TFM conversion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afmtopl"><code>afmtopl</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Aleph">Aleph</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts">aliases for fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system">American Mathematical Society, typesetting system</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMSTeX">AMSTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-architecture-dependencies">architecture dependencies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array-limit_002c-fixed">array limit, fixed</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-array-sizes">array sizes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-assembly-language-routines">assembly language routines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-autotrace"><code>autotrace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for">Awk, WEB for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-file_002c-determining">base file, determining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-files">base files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions">base files, need mode definitions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-files_002c-plain-only">base files, plain only</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-files_002c-sharing">base files, sharing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bases-Make-target"><code>bases <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-basic-BibTeX-style-files">basic BibTeX style files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-basic-fonts-and-macros">basic fonts and macros</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-batch-languages">batch languages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion">BDF and GF conversion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beginfig"><code>beginfig</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl">Berry, Karl</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_002c-search-path-for-bib-files"><code>BIBINPUTS<span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating">bibliographies, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography">bibliography</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#References">References</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibtex"><code>bibtex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BibTeX">BibTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BibTeX-collection">BibTeX collection</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BibTeX-style-files">BibTeX style files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BigEndian-machines">BigEndian machines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-binaries_002c-linking">binaries, linking</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files">blank lines, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxes_002c-memory-for">boxes, memory for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for">breakpoints, memory for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter">Breitenlohner, Peter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_002c-search-path-for-bst-files"><code>BSTINPUTS<span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-btex-for-MetaPost-labels"><code>btex <span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-byte-position">byte position</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-byte-position-1">byte position</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-byte-swapping">byte swapping</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-C">C</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-c_002dsources-Makefile-target"><code>c-sources <span class="roman">Makefile target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-MFT">change files, and MFT</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle">change files, and Tangle</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave">change files, and Weave</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-changing-error-messages-style">changing error messages style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output">character codes, in GFtype output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output">character codes, in PKtype output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files">character codes, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-proofs-of-fonts">character proofs of fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHARACTER-property"><code>CHARACTER <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-translation-files">character translation files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHARDP-property"><code>CHARDP <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHARHT-property"><code>CHARHT <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHARIC-property"><code>CHARIC <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CHARWD-property"><code>CHARWD <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-chtopx"><code>chtopx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-class-name-for-Metafont">class name for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cm_002ebase"><code>cm.base</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmbase_002emf"><code>cmbase.mf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmbase_002emft"><code>cmbase.mft</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmmf_002ebase-not-recommended"><code>cmmf.base <span class="roman">not recommended</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP">color, in DVItoMP</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files">comments, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-MFT-control">comments, MFT control</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-common-options">common options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commonalities">commonalities</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options">compile-time options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-1">compile-time options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff">Computer Modern fonts, and Troff</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-macros">Computer Modern macros</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-Typefaces_002c-production-of"><cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, production of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration">configuration</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-reading">configuration file reading</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-values">configuration file values</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime">configuration, compile-time</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-options"><code>configure --with/--enable <span class="roman">options</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for">control sequence names, space for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conventions-for-options_002c">conventions for options,</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK">conversion, GF to PK</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text">conversion, GF to plain text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF">conversion, PK to GF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text">conversion, PK to plain text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM">conversion, property list to TFM</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF">conversion, property list to VF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list">conversion, TFM to property list</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL">conversion, VF to VPL</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copyright-notices">copyright notices</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input">Cork encoding and ISO input</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-creating-memory-dumps">creating memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting">cross-references, omitting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output">current directory, used for output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Curtis_002c-Pavel">Curtis, Pavel</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Cweb">Cweb</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CWEB">CWEB</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-D">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps">date and time, in memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities">debugging DVI utilities</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying">debugging flags, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files">decimal character codes, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dependencies_002c-hardware">dependencies, hardware</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units">design-size units</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont">device definitions, for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width">device-independent width</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-1">device-independent width</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-directory-structure">directory structure</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DISPLAY"><code>DISPLAY</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dot-files_002c-written-by-TeX-programs">dot files, written by TeX programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels">downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DrawingServant"><code>DrawingServant</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dump-file">dump file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dumping-memory">dumping memory</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying">DVI comment, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX">DVI files, converting to MPX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained">DVI files, explained</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition">DVI format definition</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing">DVI opcodes, showing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvicopy"><code>dvicopy</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvitomp"><code>dvitomp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvitype-DVI-validation"><code>dvitype <span class="roman">DVI validation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dx-horizontal-escapement">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dx-horizontal-escapement-1">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dy-vertical-escapement">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dynamic-array-allocation">dynamic array allocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-smode">dynamic Metafont mode definitions with <code>smode</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable">dynamic packing variable</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-E">E</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e-response-at-error-prompt"><code>e <span class="roman">response at error prompt</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002dcircumflex">e-circumflex</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002dTeX">e-TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e_002emft"><code>e.mft</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EC-fonts">EC fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EC-fonts-1">EC fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts">editing of bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-editor-invoked-at-error">editor invoked at error</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames">eight-bit characters in filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-empty_002etcx"><code>empty.tcx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-endian-dependencies">endian dependencies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eoc-GF-command"><code>eoc <span class="roman">GF command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eplain">Eplain</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epsf"><code>epsf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at">errors, editor invoked at</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal">escapement, horizontal</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-1">escapement, horizontal</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical">escapement, vertical</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-etex-for-MetaPost-labels"><code>etex <span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin">executables, shared initial and virgin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape">exit status, of shell escape</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format">expanded plain format</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extensions-to-TeX">extensions to TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extra_005fmem_005fbot"><code>extra_mem_bot</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FACE-property"><code>FACE <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FAMILY-property"><code>FAMILY <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FAMILY-property-1"><code>FAMILY <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ferguson_002c-Michael">Ferguson, Michael</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts">file formats for fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-recorder">file recorder</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files">filename conventions, in input files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filenames-starting-with-_002d">filenames starting with ‘<samp>-</samp>’</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file">first line of the main input file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic">fixed-point arithmetic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FIXPT"><code>FIXPT</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flag-byte">flag byte</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic">floating-point arithmetic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-values">floating-point values</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmt-file_002c-determining">fmt file, determining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmt-files">fmt files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmt-files_002c-sharing">fmt files, sharing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmts-Make-target"><code>fmts <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-aliases">font aliases</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-character-code_002c-translating">font character code, translating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-design">font design</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels">font downloading for MetaPost labels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-file-formats">font file formats</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-proofs">font proofs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-utilities">font utilities</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontforge"><code>fontforge</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontinst_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts"><code>fontinst<span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-basic">fonts, basic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontutils"><code>fontutils</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font_005fmem_005fsize"><code>font_mem_size</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-format-files">format files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formats-for-TeX">formats for TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formats-Make-target"><code>formats <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fraction-routines">fraction routines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system">Free Software Foundation documentation system</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-freedom-of-Web2c">freedom of Web2c</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-G">G</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-generating-source-specials">generating source specials</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-geometric-designs">geometric designs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling">geometric font scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-geometry-for-Metafont">geometry for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-getopt_005flong_005fonly"><code>getopt_long_only</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained">GF files, explained</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont">GF files, output by Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GF-format-definition">GF format definition</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GF-output">GF output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to">GF, converting PK to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK">GF, converting to PK</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftodvi"><code>gftodvi</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftopk"><code>gftopk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftopxl"><code>gftopxl</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftype-GF-validation"><code>gftype <span class="roman">GF validation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb"><code>gftype.web</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glue-ratio-representations">glue ratio representations</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glue_002c-memory-for">glue, memory for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glyph-substitutions">glyph substitutions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gray-font">gray font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat">Gruff, Billy Goat</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gsftopk"><code>gsftopk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-H">H</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e">Harbison, Samuel P.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hardware-and-memory-dumps">hardware and memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of">hash table, increasing size of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hash_005fextra"><code>hash_extra</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headerbyte-information"><code>headerbyte <span class="roman">information</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels">height, in pixels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-help_002c-online">help, online</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Henry_002c-Patrick">Henry, Patrick</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias">Herberts, Mathias</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-history">history</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John">Hobby, John</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement">horizontal escapement</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-1">horizontal escapement</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hp2627"><code>hp2627</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-TeX">human languages, supported in TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext">hypertext</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation-and-languages">hyphenation and languages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating">hyphenation patterns, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-I">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ice-cream">ice cream</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-identifier-case">identifier case</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-identifier-collisions">identifier collisions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-identifier-length">identifier length</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines">identifiers with underlines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-il1_002dt1_002etcx"><code>il1-t1.tcx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-il2_002dt1_002etcx"><code>il2-t1.tcx</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Info-format">Info format</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initial-form_002c-enabling">initial form, enabling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initial-Metafont">initial Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initial-MetaPost">initial MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initial-programs">initial programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initial-TeX">initial TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-initializations_002c-lengthy">initializations, lengthy</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-input-filenames">input filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-install_002dbases-Make-target"><code>install-bases <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-install_002dfmts-Make-target"><code>install-fmts <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-install_002dformats-Make-target"><code>install-formats <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-install_002dmems-Make-target"><code>install-mems <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation">installation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_002d8bit_002e">interaction between TCX files and ‘<samp>-8bit</samp>’.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interaction-mode">interaction mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-international-characters">international characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-introduction">introduction</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IPC">IPC</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-1"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-J">J</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-job-name">job name</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files">kerning table, in TFM files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating">keyboard character code, translating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-1">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-KRN-property"><code>KRN <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-label-font">label font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LABEL-property"><code>LABEL <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-language-support-in-TeX">language support in TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for">languages, hyphenation rules for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX">LaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Latin-Modern">Latin Modern</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-side-bearing">left side bearing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-1">left side bearing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-legalisms">legalisms</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-licensing-terms">licensing terms</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LIG-property"><code>LIG <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files">ligature table, in TFM files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-property"><code>LIGTABLE <span class="roman">property</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linking-binaries">linking binaries</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-links-to-binaries">links to binaries</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literate-programming">literate programming</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LittleEndian-machines">LittleEndian machines</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-log-file_002c-BibTeX">log file, BibTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lua">Lua</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-luaTeX">luaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-machine-dependencies">machine dependencies</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-1">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre">MacKay, Pierre</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macro-packages_002c-major-TeX">macro packages, major TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros_002c-basic">macros, basic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps">macros, predefining in memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification">magnification</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification-1">magnification</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-main_005fmemory"><code>main_memory</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Make-targets_002c-additional">Make targets, additional</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Martin_002c-Rick">Martin, Rick</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mathematical-Reviews">Mathematical Reviews</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathematical-typesetting">mathematical typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mem-file_002c-determining">mem file, determining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mem-files_002c-sharing">mem files, sharing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining">memory dump to use, determining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-dumps">memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-dumps-and-hardware">memory dumps and hardware</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-contain-date-and-time">memory dumps, contain date and time</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-creating">memory dumps, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mems-Make-target"><code>mems <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-meta-characters-in-filenames">meta characters in filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont">Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-geometry">Metafont geometry</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-graphics">Metafont graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-input-files">Metafont input files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-invocation">Metafont invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-meets-PostScript">Metafont meets PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices">Metafont online support, new devices</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting">Metafont source, prettyprinting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost">Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-initial">Metafont, initial</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-TeX">Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost">MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility">MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost-input-files">MetaPost input files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost-invocation">MetaPost invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting">MetaPost source, prettyprinting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-initial">MetaPost, initial</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-TeX_002c-and-Metafont">MetaPost, TeX, and Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-metatype1"><code>metatype1</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mf"><code>mf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mf_002ebase"><code>mf.base</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MFEDIT"><code>MFEDIT</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mfplain"><code>mfplain</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mfput"><code>mfput</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mft"><code>mft</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mftalk"><code>mftalk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MFTERM"><code>MFTERM</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mftmac_002etex"><code>mftmac.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-micro_002dtypography">micro-typography</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktexmf_002c-disabling"><code>mktexmf<span class="roman">, disabling</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktextfM_002c-disabling"><code>mktextfM<span class="roman">, disabling</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mltex"><code>mltex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MLTeX_002c-enabling">MLTeX, enabling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont">mode needed to run Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont">modes file needed for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-modes_002emf-recommended-modes-file"><code>modes.mf <span class="roman">recommended modes file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode_005fdef"><code>mode_def</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode_005fsetup"><code>mode_setup</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim">Morgan, Tim</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Morris_002c-Bob">Morris, Bob</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MPEDIT"><code>MPEDIT</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpgraph_002eps"><code>mpgraph.ps</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpman_002eps"><code>mpman.ps</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpost"><code>mpost</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpost_002c-reason-for-name-change"><code>mpost<span class="roman">, reason for name change</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mpout"><code>mpout</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mproof_002etex"><code>mproof.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mptrap-Make-target"><code>mptrap <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mptrap-test">mptrap test</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mptrap_002ereadme"><code>mptrap.readme</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files">MPX files, converting from DVI files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Multi_002dlingual-TeX">Multi-lingual TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-N">N</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-N-tilde">N tilde</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont">new graphics support for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newrow-GF-command"><code>newrow <span class="roman">GF command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-next"><code>next</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on">non-Unix system, compiling on</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dwindows_002dcapable-Metafont">non-windows-capable Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NO_005fX11WIN"><code>NO_X11WIN</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames">NUL, not allowed in filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels">offset for overflow labels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics">online Metafont graphics</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI">opcodes, showing DVI</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling">optical font scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option-conventions">option conventions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-origin">origin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying">output directory, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-1">output directory, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-file-location">output file location</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-files_002c-written-by-TeX-programs">output files, written by TeX programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_005fcomment-for-DVI-files"><code>output_comment <span class="roman">for DVI files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset">overflow label offset</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packet-length">packet length</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-starting">page, starting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-1">page, starting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parsing-the-first-line">parsing the first line</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-patgen"><code>patgen</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-path-searching">path searching</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-path-searching-debugging">path searching debugging</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF">PDF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF_002c-and-_002emps-files">PDF, and <code>.mps</code> files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal">permissions, legal</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion">PFA and PFB conversion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfaedit"><code>pfaedit</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PiCTeX_002c-increasing-memory-for">PiCTeX, increasing memory for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing">pipes, reading and writing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pixel-height">pixel height</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pixel-width">pixel width</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained">PK files, explained</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont">PK files, not output by Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PK-format-definition">PK format definition</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to">PK, converting GF to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF">PK, converting to GF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pktogf"><code>pktogf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pktype-PK-validation"><code>pktype <span class="roman">PK validation</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb"><code>pktype.web</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained">PL files, explained</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost">plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to">plain text, converting DVI to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to">plain text, converting GF to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to">plain text, converting PK to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to">plain text, converting TFM to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to">plain text, converting VF to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain_002ebase"><code>plain.base</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain_002ebst"><code>plain.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain_002efmt"><code>plain.fmt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plain_002emft"><code>plain.mft</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pltotf"><code>pltotf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing">pool file, writing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Poole_002c-Simon">Poole, Simon</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pooltype"><code>pooltype</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-portable-filenames">portable filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff">PostScript fonts, and Troff</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-meets-Metafont">PostScript meets Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-output">PostScript output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling">PostScript, and font scaling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-potrace"><code>potrace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps">predefined macros and memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source">prettyprinting Metafont source</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-primitives_002c-new">primitives, new</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printable-characters_002c-specifying">printable characters, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont">printer characteristics, for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-production-use">production use</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump">program name, determines memory dump</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special">program names, special</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-1">program names, special</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-2">program names, special</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prologues"><code>prologues</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prologues_002c-and-EPSF-output"><code>prologues<span class="roman">, and EPSF output</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-proof-mode"><code>proof <span class="roman">mode</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts">proof sheets, of fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-property-list-format">property list format</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to">property list, converting TFM to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ps2pk"><code>ps2pk</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_002c-read-by-MetaPost"><code>psfonts.map<span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained">PXL files, explained</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pxtoch"><code>pxtoch</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-R">R</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Raichle_002c-Bernd">Raichle, Bernd</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reading_002c-additional">reading, additional</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-TeX-in">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-TeX-in-1">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reallocation-of-arrays">reallocation of arrays</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions">redefined character substitutions</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reference-pixel">reference pixel</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references">references</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#References">References</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-regis"><code>regis</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Regis-graphics-support">Regis graphics support</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-regression-testing">regression testing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-repeated-rows">repeated rows</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-representation-of-strings">representation of strings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-restricted-shell-escapes">restricted shell escapes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-side-bearing">right side bearing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-1">right side bearing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas">Rokicki, Tomas</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps">run length encoded bitmaps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-1">run length encoded bitmaps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-runtime-options">runtime options</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-S">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaled-pixels">scaled pixels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-1">scaled pixels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts">scaling of fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts">scanned images of fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-output-files">security, and output files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes">security, and shell escapes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-write">security, and <code>write</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_005copenout">security, and <code>\openout</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shapes">shapes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sharing-memory-dumps">sharing memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-TeX">shell commands in TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell_005fescape-enabling-in-TeX"><code>shell_escape <span class="roman">enabling in TeX</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands"><code>shell_escape_commands</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-siam_002ebst"><code>siam.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-side-bearings">side bearings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-side-bearings-1">side bearings</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slant-font">slant font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing">slides, producing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SliTeX">SliTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes">small Metafont memory and modes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-smode-and-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition"><code>smode <span class="roman">and dynamic Metafont mode definition</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sockets">sockets</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space_002dterminated-filenames">space-terminated filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Spiderweb">Spiderweb</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard">Stallman, Richard</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-page">starting page</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-starting-page-1">starting page</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e">Steele Jr., Guy L.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-stopping-at-the-first-error">stopping at the first error</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-strategy_002c-overall">strategy, overall</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying">string numbers, displaying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing">string pool, writing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-string-representation">string representation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-BibTeX">style design, for BibTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-style-files">style files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs">substitutions of font glyphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sun"><code>sun</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sun_002dgfx_002ec"><code>sun-gfx.c</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Suntools">Suntools</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SunView">SunView</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit">swap space, as array limit</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-swapping-bytes">swapping bytes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files">syntax of TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-C-library-function"><code>system <span class="roman">C library function</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-command">system command</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-T">T</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tangle"><code>tangle</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-targets_002c-additional-Make">targets, additional Make</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TCX-character-translation-files"><code>TCX <span class="roman">character translation files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tek"><code>tek</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tektronix">Tektronix</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014">Tektronix 4014</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TERM"><code>TERM</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminator-for-filenames">terminator for filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terse-output">terse output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tex"><code>tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-bibliographies-for">TeX, bibliographies for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-creating-from-Metafont">TeX, creating from Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-creating-from-WEB">TeX, creating from WEB</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-description-of">TeX, description of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-extensions-to">TeX, extensions to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-format-packages-for">TeX, format packages for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-initial">TeX, initial</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-input-files-found">TeX, input files found</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-invocation">TeX, invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost">TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-Web2c-implementation-of">TeX, Web2c implementation of</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tex_002efmt"><code>tex.fmt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXBIB_002c-search-path-for-bib-files"><code>TEXBIB<span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXEDIT"><code>TEXEDIT</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Texinfo">Texinfo</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formats">Formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-used-for-reading"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT<span class="roman">, used for reading</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-used-if-_002e-unwritable"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT<span class="roman">, used if ‘<samp>.</samp>’ unwritable</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texput"><code>texput</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained">TFM files, explained</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for">TFM files, memory for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters">TFM width of characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-1">TFM width of characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tftopl"><code>tftopl</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-three-programs">three programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps">time and date, in memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title-font">title font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-toolkits_002c-X">toolkits, X</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-torture-tests">torture tests</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-translation-file-for-TeX_002c-specifying">translation file for TeX, specifying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-translation-from-WEB-to-C">translation from WEB to C</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trap-Make-target"><code>trap <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trap-test">trap test</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trapman_002etex"><code>trapman.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Trickey_002c-Howard">Trickey, Howard</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trip-Make-target"><code>trip <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trip-test">trip test</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tripman_002etex"><code>tripman.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-triptrap-Make-target"><code>triptrap <span class="roman">Make target</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost">Troff, and MetaPost</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for">Troff, WEB for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Trojan-horses-and-TeX-programs">Trojan horses and TeX programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography">TUGboat bibliography</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion">Type 1 conversion</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal">type design, personal</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI">type programs, DVI</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF">type programs, GF</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK">type programs, PK</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool">type programs, pool</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typeface-families">typeface families</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets">typeface specimen sheets</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typesetting">typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-U">U</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode">Unicode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-1">Unicode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Unicode-input">Unicode input</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uniterm"><code>uniterm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input">UTF-8 input</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-V">V</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files">validation, of DVI files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files">validation, of GF files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files">validation, of PK files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files">validation, of TFM files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files">validation, of VF files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbose-BibTeX-output_002c-suppressing">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbosity_002c-enabling">verbosity, enabling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-version-number_002c-finding">version number, finding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vertical-escapement">vertical escapement</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to">VF files, converting property lists to</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vftovp"><code>vftovp</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virgin-programs">virgin programs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation">virtual font creation</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding">virtual fonts, expanding</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vptovf"><code>vptovf</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-W">W</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-weave"><code>weave</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-WEB">WEB</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-web-environments_002c-and-security">web environments, and security</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying">WEB pool files, displaying</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling">WEB programs, compiling</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting">WEB programs, typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-WEB2C_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files"><code>WEB2C<span class="roman">, search path for TCX files</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf">Weber, Olaf</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-webmac_002etex"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-webman_002etex"><code>webman.tex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#WEB">WEB</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files">whitespace, in TCX files</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames">whitespace-terminated filenames</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent">width, device-independent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-1">width, device-independent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels">width, in pixels</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-word-processor_002c-not">word processor, not</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX">TeX</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-writing-memory-dumps">writing memory dumps</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts">X bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-X-class-name-for-Metafont">X class name for Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-x-offset">x offset</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-X-resources">X resources</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont">X toolkits and Metafont</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xbfe_002c-bitmap-font-editor"><code>xbfe<span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xfed_002c-bitmap-font-editor"><code>xfed<span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xfedor_002c-bitmap-font-editor"><code>xfedor<span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Xlib"><code>Xlib</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Xlib-support">Xlib support</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Xt"><code>Xt</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Xt-support">Xt support</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xterm"><code>xterm</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Index_cp_letter-Y">Y</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-y-offset">y offset</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +</table> +<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>#</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>$</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>-</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>.</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>2</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>8</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>\</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>^</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>~</b></a> + +<br> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Y"><b>Y</b></a> + +</td></tr></table> + +<hr> + + + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf Binary files differindex a73a625841e..930c4a58711 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf |