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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-09 00:45:48 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-09 00:45:48 +0000 |
commit | 5dc602d16c5be2fd035b254ca23484a90aebd6dc (patch) | |
tree | 72efb15fba318cc2096a8cc6999ed3fa0bff317d /Master/texmf-dist/doc/texsis/base/TXSsymb.doc | |
parent | b4fc5f639874db951177ec539299d20908adb654 (diff) |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texsis/base/TXSsymb.doc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texsis/base/TXSsymb.doc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..eef1dc39730 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texsis/base/TXSsymb.doc @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +%% file: TXSsymb.doc - Special Symbols - TeXsis version 2.18 +%% @(#) $Id: TXSsymb.doc,v 18.2 2000/05/17 00:19:46 myers Exp $ +%======================================================================* +% (C) Copyright 1989, 1992, 1995, 1997 by Eric Myers and Frank E. Paige +% This file is a part of TeXsis. Distribution and/or modifications +% are allowed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL). +% See the file COPYING or ftp://ftp.texsis.org/texsis/LPPL +%======================================================================* +\ifx\undefined\meta \texsis\input TXSdocM.doc\input Manual.aux\draft\fi + +\subsection{Special Symbols \label{sect.symb}} + +\TeXsis\ defines some special symbols and other constructions which +are not included in plain \TeX\ and which either are commonly used +by physicists or are not trivial to construct. The following +macros, which are listed here by related groups, provide these +additional special symbols for use in equations: +\index{symbols!physics} +\bigskip +\itemize + \itm \CS{bra}\arg{text} and \CS{ket}\arg{text} produce the +notations $\bra{\hbox{\it text}}$ and $\ket{\hbox{\it text}}$ +respectively for quantum mechanical states. \CS{vev}\arg{text} +produces $\vev{\hbox{\it text}}$ for a VEV (\idx{Vacuum Expectation Value}). + + \itm \CS{del}, \CS{grad}, and \CS{square} produce the notations +$\del$, $\grad$, and $\square$ for various derivatives. (The first two +are just synonyms for \cs{partial} and \cs{nabla}.) + + \itm \CS{degrees} is the degrees symbol. For example, |90\degrees| +produces ``90\degrees''. You can use \CS{degree} as a synonym. These +work equally well in math or text mode. + + \itm \CS{frac}\arg{numerator}\arg{denominator} produces the fraction +|{|\<numerator> |\over| \<de\-nomi\-nator>|}|, while +\hskip 0pt plus 6pt\CS{smallfrac}\arg{numerator}\arg{denominator} +\hskip 0pt plus 6pt +produces the same fraction in the smaller +subscript style type. \CS{half} produces a $\half$ in a size appropriate +to its usage. + + \itm \CS{simle} and \CS{simge} make the symbols $\simle$ and +$\simge$ to indicate "less than about" and "greater than about," +respectively. Synonyms for these are \CS{ltsim} and \CS{gtsim}. + + \itm \CS{parenbar} puts a bar in parentheses above a character; +this is often used to indicate either a particle or its antiparticle. +\CS{nunubar} and \CS{ppbar} are special cases. Thus +\TeXexample +$$ n \parenbar{n} \qquad \nu \nunubar \qquad p \ppbar $$ +|endTeXexample +gives +$$ +n \parenbar{n} \qquad \nu \nunubar \qquad p \ppbar +$$ + +\goodbreak + + \itm \CS{subrightarrow}\arg{text} puts the text under a right +arrow of the appropriate length. Thus +\TeXexample +$$ f(x) \subrightarrow{x \to 0} f(0) $$ +|endTeXexample +gives +$$ +f(x) \subrightarrow{x \to 0} f(0) +$$ + + \itm \CS{buildchar}\arg{\#1}\arg{\#2}\arg{\#3} gives character |#1| with +|#2| above it and |#3| below it, allowing the construction of a variety +of special symbols. \CS{overcirc} is a special case of this which puts +a small circle above a character, as in $\overcirc R$. This is often +used in general relativity and related fields. + + \itm \CS{vbigl}\arg{delim}\arg{size} and +\CS{vbigr}\arg{delim}\arg{size} produce very (or variably) big +delimiters, generalizing the Plain \TeX\ macros \cs{bigl}, \cs{Bigr}, +etc. They produce, respectively, the left and right delimiters +\meta{delim} with height \meta{size}, which can be given in pt., cm., +in., or any other valid units. Any valid delimiter may be used, but you +must be careful if you use parentheses and automatic parenthesis sizing +is also in effect (\Sect{paren}), because these conflict. You must +either turn off automatic parenthesis sizing (with \cs{offparens}) or +use \cs{lparen} or \cs{rparen} in place of `|(|' and `|)|'. + +\itm \CS{Leftcases}\arg{size} and \CS{Rightcases}\arg{size} give left +and right braces of size \meta{size} smashed to zero height; these can +be used in place of the \cs{cases} of Plain \TeX\ when it is desired to +put an equation number on each line. For example, +\TeXexample +|smalltt$$\EQNalign{ +m_e &= ~.511~\MeV \EQN lep;a \cr +m_\mu &= ~105~\MeV + \quad \Rightcases{50pt} \quad {\rm Leptons} + \EQN lep;b \cr +m_\tau &= 1784~\MeV \EQN lep;c \cr} +$$ +|endTeXexample +gives\index{equations!alignment} +$$\EQNalign{ +m_e &= ~.511~\MeV \EQN lep;a \cr +m_\mu &= ~105~\MeV + \quad \Rightcases{50pt} \quad {\rm Leptons} + \EQN lep;b \cr +m_\tau &= 1784~\MeV \EQN lep;c \cr} +$$ +Note that |\Leftcases| and |\Rightcases| do not provide automatic +spacing, which must be adjusted by the user as in the previous example. +There seems to be no simple way to obtain automatic spacing and to +allow an equation number on each line. + + + \itm \CS{sterling} produces the British currency mark \sterling. + + \itm The astronomical symbols for the sun and the earth are +\CS{sun} and \CS{earth}. For example, |$M_\sun$| and |$M_\earth$| give +$M_\sun$ and $M_\earth$. You can also use them outside of math mode. + + + \itm \CS{dimensions}\arg{units}\arg{power} is used for dimensional +analysis. The units appear in square brackets, raised to the given +power. For example to produce \dimensions{mass}{-3} you would type +|\dimensions{mass}{-3}|. + + \itm \CS{slashchar}\arg{letter} puts a slash through a character, the +notation for the contraction of a vector with Dirac $\gamma$ matrices +in Feynman graphs. For example +\TeXexample +$$ {\cal L} = + \bar\psi[i\slashchar{\partial} - e\slashchar{A}-m]\psi $$ +|endTeXexample +gives +$$ +{\cal L} = + \bar\psi[i\slashchar{\partial} - e\slashchar{A}-m]\psi +\,. +$$ +The results produced by |\slashchar| are not as good as one would +like. You can do somewhat better by adjusting the kerning of the |/| +by hand for each character. For example, +\TeXexample +\def\Aslash{A\kern -0.47em/} +|endTeXexample +\def\Aslash{A\kern -0.47em/}% +produces ``$\Aslash$''. But note that the angle of the slash is still +not quite what one would like for a slashed ``$A$.'' To really get good +looking slashed characters someone will have to create a new slashed +character math font using MetaFont. Meanwhile you can get by with +|\slashchar| or define your own using kerning. + +\enditemize +\bigskip\pagecheck{0.2\vsize} + + Abbreviations for units are normally set in Roman type even when used +in formulas. Special function (e.g., sine, cosine and logarithm) or +operator names are also set in Roman type, and \TeXsis\ adds some new +names to go with the old standards. + +\itemize + \itm \CS{Tr} and \CS{tr} give ``$\Tr$'' and ``$\tr$'' respectively for the +trace of an operator or of a matrix. \CS{diag} is used to denote a +diagonal matrix, as in $\eta_{\mu\nu}=\diag(-1,1,1,1)$. + + \itm \CS{real} and \CS{imag} give the symbols $\real$ and $\imag$ +for the real and imaginary parts of an expression; the spacing is like +that for any other function or operator. + + \itm \CS{eV}, \CS{keV}, \CS{MeV}, \CS{GeV}, and \CS{TeV} give the +abbreviations for energy units $\eV$, $\keV$, $\MeV$, $\GeV$, and +$\TeV$ respectively. + + \itm \CS{mb}, \CS{mub}, \CS{nb}, \CS{pb}, and \CS{fb} give the +abbreviations for cross section units $\mb$, $\mub$, $\nb$, $\pb$, and +$\fb$ respectively, while \CS{cmsec} gives $\cmsec$, the standard units +for luminosity in colliding beam accelerators. + + \itm \CS{units}\arg{name} is a generic macro to print in Roman type +the name of any units not covered by the macros above. For example, +you can say \CS{units}|{furlongs}| and \CS{units}|{fortnights}| +if you are using that particular system of units. +\enditemize + + + + Note that all of the abbreviations for units above are defined +without any spacing; to produce +$$ +{\cal L} = 10^{33}\,\cmsec, \qquad p_\perp = 8.3\,\GeV +$$ +you should type +\TeXexample +$$ +{\cal L} = 10^{33}\,\cmsec, \qquad p_\perp = 8.3\,\GeV +$$ +|endTeXexample +with a |\,| to make a thin space between the number and the units. + + +%>>> EOF TXSsymb.doc <<< |