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+%% TXSsects.doc - Chapters and Sections - TeXsis version 2.18
+%% @(#) $Id: TXSsects.doc,v 18.3 2001/04/06 21:54:45 myers Exp $
+%======================================================================*
+% (C) Copyright 1989-1998 by Eric Myers and Frank E. Paige
+% This file is a part of TeXsis.  Distribution and/or modifications
+% are allowed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL).
+% See the file COPYING or ftp://ftp.texsis.org/texsis/LPPL
+%======================================================================*
+\ifx\undefined\bs \texsis\input TXSdocM.doc\draft\input Manual.aux\fi
+
+\section{Typesetting Complete Papers\label{sect.papers}} 
+
+The commands described so far are useful for creating the body of a
+simple physics paper, but they are not enough to typeset a complete
+paper.  A physics paper generally has a title, one or more authors and
+their addresses or professional affiliations, and perhaps an abstract.
+Longer documents may be divided into sections, or even chapters, and
+there might even be a table of contents or an index.  This section
+describes the commands for creating the basic structural elements of a
+complete paper: the title material and divisions into chapters,
+sections, and subsections.  It also includes a discussion of more
+advanced topics, such as how to create a table of contents or an index,
+and how to control the running headlines at the top of the page.  Later,
+\Sect{fmts} discusses more specialized document layouts for conference
+proceedings or for papers submitted to specific journals, while
+\Sect{letr} describes the commands for producing letters, memos, referee
+reports, and similar specialized documents.
+
+It is often convenient to be able to typeset the same document in more
+than one format.  Therefore, all complete papers in \TeXsis\  use the
+same general structure, and one can select the particular document
+format to be used by changing only one or two commands at the beginning
+of the manuscript file.  The commands to typeset the title page and
+to break the paper up into sections are still the same, even if they 
+behave slightly differently
+according to the particular format selected.  For example, if you give
+the \cs{paper} command then the title page material will appear at the
+top of the first page, and the text of the paper will also begin on that
+page.  If you simply change \cs{paper} to \cs{preprint} the title page
+material will appear on a page by itself, with a banner (defined by
+\cs{banner}) across the top of the page, and the text will begin on the
+next page.  Using any of the other document formats described in
+\Sect{fmts} will cause the title page material to be formatted
+slightly differently.
+
+At this point an example may be more instructive than more discussion.
+Here is how a famous paper\reference{BCS} J.~Bardeen, L.~N.~Cooper, and
+J.~R.~Schrieffer,
+\journal Phys. Rev.;108,1175(1957) 
+\endreference 
+would have begun had it been typeset with \TeXsis:
+\TeXexample
+|smalltt\texsis
+\preprint
+\pubdate{July 8, 1957}
+\pubcode{hep-cats/yymmnnn}
+\titlepage
+\title
+Theory of Superconductivity
+\endtitle
+\author
+J.~Bardeen
+Department of Physics
+University of Illinois
+Urbana, Illinois 61801
+\endauthor
+\and
+\author
+L.~N.~Cooper
+Department of Physics and Astronomy
+The Ohio State University
+Columbus, OH 43210
+\endauthor
+\and
+\author
+J.~R.~Schrieffer
+Department of Theoretical Physics
+University of Birmingham
+Birmingham, England B15 2TT
+\endauthor
+\abstract
+A theory of superconductivity is presented, based on
+the fact that...
+
+\endabstract
+\toappear{Physical Review}
+\endtitlepage
+
+\section{Introduction}
+The main facts which a theory of superconductivity
+must explain are...
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent 
+A more complete example paper is given in the file |Example.tex|, which
+is included in the standard distribution of \TeXsis.
+In the rest of this section each of the elements in these examples and
+several others related to the overall structure of a complete paper will be
+explained.
+
+
+%==================================================*
+\subsection{Types of Documents \label{sect.types}}
+
+A complete \TeXsis\  paper should start with the \cs{texsis} macro
+described in \Sect{start}.  (While this is not required if you also use
+one of the macros listed below, it does serve to indicate unambiguously
+that the document is
+to be typeset with \TeXsis.)  The \cs{texsis} macro can be followed by a
+command to specify whether the document should be typeset as a simple
+paper or conference proceeding, a preprint, a book, etc.  This macro
+will provide sensible defaults for the layout, although additional
+commands can be given to override them.  The following basic document
+types are included in \TeXsis:
+
+\description{XManuscript\quad}\clump
+%
+\itm{\CS{paper}}
+Produces a paper with the title and abstract at the top of the first
+page, such as for submission to a conference proceeding.
+The text begins on the first page, below the title and abstract.
+%
+\itm{\CS{preprint}}
+Produces a paper in a preprint format, with the title material by
+itself on the first page.   A \cs{banner} is put across the top of the
+title page, and the text begins on the page following.
+%
+\itm{\CS{eprint}}
+Produces a paper in a format suitable for submission to the Los Alamos
+preprint archives (the ``e-print bulletin boards,'' such as hep-ph,
+hep-th, hep-lat, or qc-gr).
+%
+\itm{\CS{Manuscript}}
+Similar to \CS{preprint}, but with true double spacing for manuscripts
+submitted for publication in journals such as the {\sl Physical
+Review}, which require this.
+%
+\itm{\CS{book}}
+A book or other long document with a separate title page, running
+headlines, a table of contents, etc.  Page numbers are printed in
+opposite corners on left and right handed pages.
+%
+\itm{\CS{thesis}}
+Similar to \CS{book}, this format is for typesetting a doctoral
+dissertation or similar document.
+It may be customized for your own university.
+%
+\enddescription
+
+After the command defining the type of document you can add optional
+commands to modify the default layout. For example, you might want to
+use
+\example
+|\texsis| \n
+|\paper| \n
+|\hsize=|\meta{dimen} \n
+|\vsize=|\meta{dimen} \n
+|\singlespaced|
+\endexample
+to produce a single-spaced conference proceeding of a specified
+size.  Macros to create more specialized documents in some of the common
+formats used by physics journals and conferences are described in
+\Sect{fmts}.  Since \TeXsis\  obviously cannot include all
+the possible formats, that section also contains some hints about how
+to modify a format to fit your needs.
+
+%==================================================*
+\subsection{The Title ``Page''              \label{sect.title}}
+
+A complete paper almost always starts with a title.  Most probably it
+will also include the names of the authors, and often it will include
+an abstract.  Sometimes the title, author's name(s) and abstract
+appear on a separate page, while sometimes they simply appear at the
+top of the first page of the paper.  In any case we will refer to all
+this material together as the ``title page'' material.
+
+\TeXsis\  has a standardized method for entering the title page
+material, whether it will actually appear on a page by itself or not.
+You begin the title page material with \CS{titlepage} and end it with
+\CS{endtitlepage}.
+Between these two control sequences you can use any of the commands
+listed below to enter the various parts of the title page material.
+(An example appears at the beginning of this section).
+
+\description{Xendauthor}\clump\tolerance=1700
+%
+\itm{\CS{title}}
+Begins the title of the paper.  All lines up to a following
+\cs{endtitle} are centered and printed in \cs{Tbf} type. 
+Line endings in the input file {\sl are} respected, just as with
+\cs{obeylines}. 
+%
+\itm{\CS{author}}
+Begins an entry for an author's name and address, which should
+appear on the lines that follow.  Line endings in the input file
+{\it are} respected.  The first line to follow is the author's
+name, which is printed centered in |\bf| type.  All subsequent
+lines are centered in normal type.  End with |\endauthor|.
+%
+\itm{\CS{and}}
+Prints the word "and," centered and with appropriate vertical
+separation.  It can be used either between sets of |\author|
+\dots\  |\endauthor| or between multiple addresses for the same
+author.
+%
+\itm{\CS{authors}}
+An alternative to |\author| for papers with many authors. Here
+line endings are not respected; instead, the list of authors is
+divided into lines as evenly as possible, and each line is
+centered and printed in Roman type.  End with \cs{endauthors}.
+%
+\itm{\CS{institution}\arg{symbol}\arg{address}} Prints the symbol and
+the institution address centered on a line.  A |\medskip| is placed
+before the first address to separate the names and addresses.
+|\institution| should be placed after the author list but before
+|\endauthors| to work correctly.
+%
+\itm{\CS{abstract}}
+Begins the abstract.  The word "ABSTRACT" is centered above the
+abstract.  The left and right margins are brought in relative to
+the text of the paper.  End with |\endabstract|.
+%
+\itm{\CS{pacs}\arg{codes}}
+Prints the PACS (Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme) codes
+on the title page.
+%
+\itm{\CS{submitted}\arg{Journal}}
+Prints the phrase ``Submitted to {\sl Journal}'' centered on the page,
+with the name of the journal printed in |\sl| type.
+%
+\itm{\CS{toappear}\arg{Journal}}
+Similar to |\submitted|, this prints the phrase 
+``To appear in {\sl Journal}'' on the title page, 
+with the name of the journal printed in |\sl| type.
+%
+\itm{\CS{disclaimer}\arg{contract}}
+Prints a standard DOE disclaimer for contract number
+\meta{contract}, printed in 10~pt.\  type, as a footnote.
+%
+\enddescription
+
+The advantage to entering the title page material this way is that if
+you change the overall document format, either from \cs{paper} to
+\CS{preprint} or to one of the more specialized formats  described in
+\Sect{fmts},  then the title page material will automatically be changed 
+to match the document format selected.  
+
+\bigskip
+
+The \cs{banner} macro is called in the \CS{preprint} document format to
+put the date, a preprint code number, and the name of your institution
+or organization at the top of the title page.  The name of the
+institution can be changed by saying
+\example
+|\def\ORGANIZATION{|\meta{name}|}|
+\endexample
+and this change can be made permanent by putting it into the file
+|TXSsite.tex| when \TeXsis\  is being installed. 
+\def\tmp{}\ifx\ORGANIZATION\tmp
+(When this manual was printed, the \CS{ORGANIZATION} macro was 
+empty.)
+\else
+When this manual was printed, the \CS{ORGANIZATION} macro was:
+\example
+\ORGANIZATION
+\endexample
+\fi
+The preprint date and document number can be specified by putting
+\example\obeylines
+\CS{pubdate}\arg{date}
+\CS{pubcode}\arg{code-number}
+\endexample
+before the \cs{titlepage}. If these are omitted, the date defaults to
+the current month and year and the document number defaults either to
+something set as the default when \TeXsis\  was installed or to the
+current \TeXsis\  version number.  The default at this installation is
+\ATunlock   "\@DOCcode".   
+\ATlock
+If you really want to customize the look of your paper you can create
+your own \cs{banner} macro.
+
+\bigskip
+
+If you are submitting your paper to one of the \idx{preprint archives}
+at Los Alamos, such as |hep-lat|, |hep-ph|, or |hep-th|, you can have
+the archive server automatically insert the preprint number it assigns
+your document when it is submitted.
+To do this put
+% Important: putting \relax here and below inhibits any such substitutions
+% in this manual if it gets put out on such a server.
+\example
+\CS{pubcode}|{hep-lat|\relax|/yymmnnn}|
+\endexample
+near the top of the document (change ``\idx{hep-lat}'' as appropriate
+to the archive you are using).
+When you submit a paper to an archive with the ``put'' command the
+server will translate any occurrence in the input file of the sequence
+``|hep-lat|\relax|/yymmnnn|'' to ``|hep-lat/|'' followed by the 7
+digit paper number.
+You must use the exact string of characters ``|yymmnnn|'' for this to
+work.
+When someone else gets your paper from the server and prints a copy it
+will have the assigned document code in the banner at the top of the
+title page.
+
+\bigbreak
+
+The standard \cs{footnote} macro cannot be used to make footnotes to
+titles and authors's names, because these special fields 
+use internal vertical mode, where footnotes are not allowed. You
+should instead use the \cs{vfootnote} macro of plain \TeX\  for such
+purposes.  In this case you must put the reference mark in the title or
+author list yourself (for example, with |${}^*$|), and then say
+|\vfootnote*{The footnote}| somewhere else on the page, outside of the
+internal vertical mode material (the author or title blocks).
+
+``Footnotes'' identifying institutions in a long list of authors
+are often centered on lines immediately below the author list.
+\CS{authors} and \CS{institution} can be used for this. For example,
+the author list of one well known paper\reference{DIS} E.D. Bloom, et al.,
+Phys.\  Rev.\  Letters \vol{23}, 930 (1969) \endreference
+could be typed as follows:
+\TeXexample
+|smalltt\authors 
+E.D.~Bloom,$^a$ M.~Breidenback,$^b$ D.H.~Coward,$^a$
+H.~DeStaebler,$^a$ J.~Drees,$^a$ J.I.~Friedman,$^b$
+G.C.~Hartmann,$^{b,c}$ H.W.~Kendall,$^b$ G.~Miller,$^a$ 
+L.W.~Mo,$^a$ R.E.~Taylor$^a$
+\institution{a}{Stanford Linear Accelerator Center,
+   Stanford, CA 94305}
+\institution{b}{Department of Physics and Laboratory for Nuclear
+Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 
+   Cambridge MA 02139}
+\institution{c}{Xerox Corporation, Rochester, NY}
+\endauthors
+|endTeXexample
+This produces
+\authors 
+E.D.~Bloom,$^a$ M.~Breidenback,$^b$ D.H.~Coward,$^a$
+H.~DeStaebler,$^a$ J.~Drees,$^a$ J.I.~Friedman,$^b$
+G.C.~Hartmann,$^{b,c}$ H.W.~Kendall,$^b$ G.~Miller,$^a$ 
+L.W.~Mo,$^a$ R.E.~Taylor$^a$
+\institution{a}{Stanford Linear Accelerator Center,
+   Stanford, CA 94305}
+\institution{b}{Department of Physics and Laboratory for Nuclear
+Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 
+   Cambridge MA 02139}
+\institution{c}{Xerox Corporation, Rochester, NY}
+\endauthors
+\noindent Note that \cs{institution} must come {\sl before} the
+\cs{endauthors}. 
+
+%==================================================*
+
+\subsection{Chapters and Sections \label{sect.sects}}
+
+The following commands can be used to create and automatically number
+the divisions of a document, including chapters, sections, and
+appendices:
+
+\singlelinetrue                         % make label overhang
+\description{\hskip 3cm}\clump
+
+\itm{\CS{chapter}\arg{title}\quad} 
+Begins a chapter with \meta{title} printed in |\Tbf|
+type on a new page.
+
+\itm{\CS{section}\arg{title}\quad} 
+Begins a section with the \meta{title} printed in |\tbf|
+type.  This does {\it not} begin on a new page (although you 
+certainly can start a section on a new page by saying
+|\vfill\supereject| first.)
+
+\itm{\CS{subsection}\arg{title}\quad} 
+Begins a subsection with the \meta{title} printed in |\bf|
+type.
+
+\itm{\CS{subsubsection}\arg{title}\quad} 
+Begins a sub-subsection entitled \meta{title}.  This is a lower
+level than even a subsection and should only be used when truly appropriate.
+
+\itm{\CS{Appendix}\arg{label}\arg{title}} 
+Begins a chapter-like appendix labeled by the letter \meta{label}
+(generally A, B, C, \dots or I, II, III, \dots).  The \meta{title}
+is printed in |\Tbf| type at the top of a new page.
+
+\itm{\CS{appendix}\arg{label}\arg{title}} 
+Begins a section-like appendix labeled by the letter \meta{label}
+(generally A, B, C, \dots or I, II, III, \dots).  The \meta{title}
+is printed in |\tbf| type.
+
+\itm{\CS{nosechead}\arg{title}} 
+The \meta{title} is typeset like a subsection headline, but without a
+subsection number.  This is suitable for acknowledgments, lists of
+references and such.
+
+\enddescription
+The title appears at the top of the section or subsection, left
+justified in the appropriate typestyle for the document type and with
+an appropriate amount of vertical spacing below.  These and other
+details of the layout vary with the document format.
+In general \CS{chapter} is appropriate mainly
+for books or theses; the manual you are reading now uses only
+\CS{section} and \CS{subsection} divisions.
+
+As you may have noticed from this manual, the first paragraph of a
+section or subsection is not indented.
+This is the usual practice for most well-designed books, though it may
+seem odd at first.
+It isn't that strange if you think of the indentation of a paragraph
+as a way to mark a {\sl separation between} paragraphs, rather than as
+a way to mark the beginning of a paragraph.
+But if you really want to indent that first paragraph, just begin it
+with \cs{par}.
+On the other hand, if you put any kind of commands or macro
+definitions between the \CS{section} or \CS{subsection} and the first
+paragraph then this will interfere with the suppression of the
+indentation.
+You can easily fix this by either moving your macro definitions
+elsewhere or putting in a \cs{noindent} by hand.
+
+
+
+   By default chapter, section, and subsection numbers are printed with
+the titles, and the chapter and section numbers are also attached to
+equation, figure and table numbers in the form ``$cc.ss.nn$'', where
+$cc$ is the chapter number, $ss$ the section number, and $nn$ the
+equation number.  The inclusion of the chapter and section numbers can
+be turned on or off with the commands
+\description{~showchaptIDfalse\qquad} 
+\itm{\CS{showchaptIDtrue}} Display chapter numbers.
+\itm{\CS{showchaptIDfalse}} Do not display chapter numbers.
+\itm{\CS{showsectIDtrue}} Display section numbers.
+\itm{\CS{showsectIDfalse}} Do not display section numbers.
+\enddescription
+
+\bigskip
+
+        \CS{Appendix} and \CS{appendix} give chapter-like and
+section-like appendices, respectively. The chapter or section number is
+replaced by a letter, which is given as the first argument, and the
+title, which is the second argument, is printed in the same format as a
+chapter or section title.  For example,
+\TeXexample
+\appendix{A}{Review of Functional Integration}
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+The letter labeling the appendix is attached to the equation
+numbers if \CS{showchaptIDtrue} or \CS{showsectIDtrue} is used.  You can 
+omit the letter by using an empty first argument, as in
+\TeXexample
+\appendix{}{Leading logarithm approximation}
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+in which case the result is the same as setting
+\CS{showchaptIDfalse} or \CS{showsectIDfalse}.
+
+\bigskip
+
+       A skip called \CS{sectionskip} is used before the title of any
+section-like division (i.e., a |\section| or an |\appendix)|; a skip
+called \CS{subsectionskip} is used for any lower-level division, that is, a
+\CS{subsection}, \CS{subsubsection}, or a \CS{nosechead}. Of course these
+are all removed by \TeX\  if the section starts on a new page.
+Furthermore, any of these divisions will start on a new page if less
+than a minimum length given by \CS{sectionminspace} remains on the
+current page. 
+The defaults for these parameters are
+\TeXexample
+\sectionskip=2cm plus 8pt minus 8pt     % skip before \section
+\subsectionskip=1cm plus 4pt minus 4pt  % skip before \subsection
+\sectionminspace=0.25\vsize             % new page if less left
+|endTeXexample
+but they can be changed to any legal \TeX\  skip or dimension either
+throughout the document or in a local group. For example, you could
+use
+\TeXexample
+\begingroup
+\subsectionskip=\sectionskip
+\fourteenpoint
+\nosechead{Acknowledgments}
+\endgroup
+|endTeXexample
+to make a \CS{nosechead} which looks like a |\section|.
+
+\bigskip
+
+        Ordinarily the order of appearance of the sections of a document
+are not changed, so there is no automatic mechanism for labeling the
+sections.  Any of the divisions described above can be labeled by
+inserting \cs{label}\arg{label} into the title text.  The \meta{label}
+should have the form \meta{type.name}, where \meta{type} is |chap|,
+|sect|, etc., to avoid possible conflicts with other kinds of labels.
+The corresponding numbers can then be referred to with
+|\use{|\meta{type.name}|}|, as described in \Sect{labels}.
+
+        If the title of a chapter or section is too long, a break in
+the line can be inserted with the \cs{n} command.  This will also
+break the line in the title when it appears in the table of contents.
+If running headlines are being used (see \Sect{headline}) then only the
+first part of the title, up to the \cs{n}, will be used for the running
+headline.  
+You can always reset the headline by hand with |\setHeadline|
+(see  \Sect{headline}).
+
+        You can customize the behavior of the section-making macros by
+adding your own definitions for the macros
+\index{customization!chapters and sections}%
+\example
+\CS{everychapter}, \CS{everysection}, \CS{everysubsection},
+\CS{everysubsubsection},
+\endexample
+which are called immediately before making the corresponding
+division of the document, or for the macros
+\example
+\CS{afterchapter}, \CS{aftersection}, \CS{aftersubsection},
+\CS{aftersubsubsection},
+\endexample
+which are called immediately afterwards.  By default all of these macros
+do nothing.  As an example, if you wanted every section to begin on a
+new page, and you wanted numbered footnotes created by \cs{NFootnote} to
+start over counting from one at the begining of each section,  you
+could define: 
+\TeXexample
+\def\everysection{\vfill\supereject \footnum=0}
+|endTeXexample
+
+The full text of the title of the current chapter, section, and
+subsection is saved in \CS{ChapterTitle}, \CS{SectionTitle}, and
+\CS{SubsectionTitle}, so that you may do whatever you want with these
+later in the chapter or section.  An example of how these might be
+used with \CS{aftersubsection} to change the running headlines is
+given in \Sect{headline}.
+
+
+Another way you can control the results produced by \CS{chapter} and
+\CS{section} is to change the way the chapter or section number is
+printed, by changing the definitions of the macros \CS{ChapterStyle},
+\CS{SectionStyle}, or \CS{SubsectionStyle}.  These macros take
+one argument, the chapter or section number, and by default they simply
+return that argument.    By substituting your own definition you can do
+almost anything you like to the section number.  For example, it is
+often desired that the section number printed as a Roman numeral
+rather than as an Arabic numeral.  The following definition will convert
+the section number to an upper-case Roman numeral:
+\TeXexample
+\def\SectionStyle#1{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral #1}}
+|endTeXexample
+
+Even more customized behavior of the section-making macros is possible.
+For example, \cs{Tbf} and \cs{tbf} can also be defined as macros which
+take a single argument, which is arranged to be the title of the
+section or chapter. 
+To see how this works it may be best to look at the definitions of
+\CS{chapter} and \CS{section} and the like in the  source file
+|TXSsects.tex|. For very specialized applications you could even copy
+the definitions in this file to the TXSmods.tex file or your own
+personal style file and then alter them however you like.
+
+
+%==================================================*
+
+\subsection{The Master File}                          
+                                                     
+   An useful concept for typesetting a long document is that of
+the\index{master file} {\em Master File}.
+The idea is to create one small file which initializes \TeXsis\  with
+\cs{texsis}, makes any special definitions or sets parameters, and
+then reads in the actual text of the document in sections using the
+|\input| command.
+As a simple example consider a manuscript called MUONS.
+The master file is called |MUONS.tex|, and contains the following:
+\TeXexample 
+|smalltt\texsis                % initialize TeXsis
+\input MyMacros        % special macros for this paper
+\input MUONSr          % references for the paper
+\input MUONS0          % title page for the paper
+\input MUONS1          % first section of manuscript
+\input MUONS2          % second section of manuscript
+\ListReferences        % print the reference list
+\end
+|endTeXexample
+The file |MyMacros.tex| contains any special macro definitions used
+in this paper.  (If there are none, leave this line out.)  The
+file |MUONSr.tex| contains the references used in this paper,
+beginning with |\referencelist| and ending with
+|\endreferencelist|, as described in \Sect{refs}.  The
+file |MUONS0.tex| contains the commands for producing the title
+page of the paper, as described in \Sect{fmts}.  The
+actual text of the manuscript is divided into two parts, which
+are kept in the files |MUONS1.tex| and |MUONS2.tex|.  To process the
+entire document one simply runs \TeXsis\  on the master file with
+the command
+\TeXexample
+texsis MUONS
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+If you are familiar with computer programming you may think of
+the master file as the main program and the other files as
+subroutines called by the main program.
+
+   One of the great advantages of using a master file, aside from
+keeping the manuscript organized, is that it lets you work on a single
+section of the paper at a time.  For example, suppose you want to
+run off a draft of just the first section of the paper called MUONS
+above.  You don't need to process the references, the title page,
+or the second section of the paper.  Recall that the percent sign
+(|%|) is the comment character in \TeX\  --- anything appearing on
+a line after a |%| is ignored by \TeX.  Thus we simply edit the
+master file and put a |%| in front of certain lines, like this:
+\TeXexample 
+|smalltt\texsis                    % initialize TeXsis
+\draft                     % optional draft mode
+\input MyMacros            % special macros for this paper
+% \input MUONSr            % references for the paper
+% \input MUONS0            % title page for the paper
+\input MUONS1              % first section of manuscript
+% \input MUONS2            % section section of manuscript
+% \ListReferences          % print the references
+\end        
+|endTeXexample
+Now when you run \TeXsis\  on this file only the first section of
+the paper will be processed, but it will use the macros defined
+in |MyMacros.tex|, as well as any other definitions that you might
+add to the master file. Once the first section is error free you
+can repeat the process on the second section of the paper,
+without rerunning the first section. After both sections are
+correct you can reinstate all lines in the master file and
+process the whole document.
+
+%==================================================*
+
+\subsection{Table of Contents \label{sect.conts}}
+
+The section-making macros just described automatically make an entry in
+a \idx{table of contents} for the document being prepared.  The title of
+the chapter or section and the page number are stored in a table of
+contents file (which ends with the extension ``|.toc|'') until needed,
+then the table of contents is created simply
+by saying \CS{Contents}.  
+If your document is divided into chapters,
+like a book, the table of contents should appear on a page with a Roman
+numeral page number (which is obtained by setting \cs{pageno} to a
+negative value).  For example:
+\TeXexample
+\book                     % document format for a book
+\input Chapt1             % input chapters...
+...
+\vfill\supereject         % eject last page, including figures
+\pageno=-3                % print on pages iii, iv, ...
+\nosechead{Contents}      % label TOC without section #
+\Contents                 % generate table of contents
+|endTeXexample
+
+The table of contents is usually printed at the {\sl end\/} of the
+document so that all the page numbers are correct.  You then
+simply move these pages to the front of the document by hand.
+Alternately, you can say \CS{Contents} at the beginning of your document
+to read in the table of contents file produced by a previous run of
+\TeXsis, although then you must process the document twice to be sure
+that the page numbers are correct. 
+
+It is important to note that nothing is written to the table of contents
+file unless \CS{Contentstrue} is set.  The default for most documents
+is \CS{Contentsfalse}, since one usually does not want a table of
+contents for a short paper or a memo or a letter.  The exceptions are
+\cs{book} and \cs{thesis}, which automatically set
+\CS{Contentstrue}.  In any case, if you want a table of contents
+you can explicitly state \CS{Contentstrue}.
+ 
+        While an entry in the table of contents is created by
+\cs{chapter} or \cs{section}, no entry is made for \cs{nosechead}.  In
+this case, or in any case, you can insert an entry into the table of
+contents ``by hand'' by saying
+\example
+\CS{addTOC}\arg{level}\arg{title}\arg{page}
+\endexample
+where \meta{level} is the level of division for the entry being made,
+with 0 for chapters, 1 for sections and 2 for subsections.  This
+controls how much vertical space is put around the table of contents
+entry and how much the entry is indented in the list.
+%
+The \meta{title} is the text of the title as it should appear in the
+table of contents.  Text which is too long for one line will be split
+over several lines, but you can force a line break where you want one
+with \cs{n}. The \meta{page} is the page number for the entry you are
+making.  Generally you'll use \cs{folio} here to just use the current
+page number, whatever that may be.  Thus to make a section level entry
+in the table of contents having the title ``Acknowledgments'' you would
+simply say
+\TeXexample
+\addTOC{1}{Acknowledgments}{\folio}
+|endTeXexample
+
+Entries made in the table of contents by \cs{chapter}, \cs{section},
+etc. will optionally begin with the chapter or section number, depending
+upon whether \cs{showchaptIDtrue} and \cs{showsectIDtrue} are selected.
+The decision whether or not to show the chapter or section number is
+made when the table of contents is printed by \CS{Contents}, not when
+the \cs{chapter} or \cs{section} is begun.  Thus it is possible to have
+the section numbers showing at the beginning of the section, but to then
+have no section numbers in the table of contents by saying
+\cs{showsectIDfalse} immediately before saying \CS{Contents}.
+
+\bigbreak
+
+It is possible to write commands or other text to the table of contents
+file while it is being created, using the command
+\CS{TOCwrite}\arg{stuff}.
+For example, the heading separating the appendices from the rest of
+the entries in the table of contents of this Manual was created by
+saying
+\TeXexample
+\TOCwrite{\bigskip\noexpand\nosechead{Appendices:}}
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+before the appendices were created.  The \cs{noexpand} prevents the
+|\nosechead| from being expanded until later, after the table of contents
+file is read back in by \CS{Contents}
+
+
+\bigbreak
+
+        What if you want the table of contents to appear in the table
+of contents itself!? Naturally it should appear first (even though it
+may be printed at the end of the document).  You can use the tagging
+mechanism described in \Sect{labels} to make a ``forward reference''
+to the page number.  At the beginning of the document you can create
+the table of contents entry by saying
+\TeXexample
+\addTOC{0}{Table of Contents}{\noexpand\use{page.TOC}}
+|endTeXexample 
+\noindent
+The \cs{noexpand} prevents the \cs{use} from being expanded until later,
+after the table of contents file is read back in.  Later, when you actually
+print the table of contents you would first tag the page number, then
+invoke \CS{Contents}, like so:
+\TeXexample
+\nosechead{Table of Contents}
+\tag{page.TOC}{\folio}
+\Contents
+|endTeXexample 
+
+\Ignore         % NO, WE DON'T DO IT
+\noindent
+As a demonstration of this we have done this for the table of contents
+for this manual.  For more information about \cs{tag} and \cs{use} see
+\Sect{labels}.\relax 
+\endIgnore
+
+%======================================================================*
+
+\subsection{Running Headlines and Footlines     \label{sect.headline}}
+
+        In Plain \TeX,  whenever a page is output an optional headline
+and footline are added at the top and bottom of the page.  In \TeXsis\
+the footline is normally blank, while the headline contains the page
+number in the upper right corner. The \cs{book} and \cs{thesis} formats
+also display a running headline, centered in 10~pt.\  italic type,
+containing the chapter or section title.  
+Running headlines and page numbers are {\bf not} printed on any
+page containing a \cs{title} or a new \cs{chapter}.  
+For an example of running headlines look at the top of
+any page in this Manual.
+
+        \CS{nopagenumbers} turns off the running headlines and
+footlines, just as it does in Plain \TeX. In \TeXsis\  saying
+\CS{pagenumbers} restores the standard headlines and footlines.
+Saying \CS{bookpagenumbers} puts odd page numbers in the upper right
+corner and  even page numbers in the upper left corner, the normal
+convention for books.  This is the default for \cs{book}.
+
+        \CS{RunningHeadstrue}, the default for \cs{book} (and 
+\cs{thesis}), displays the running headline text \cs{HeadText}, as well
+as the page number.  |\RunningHeadsfalse| turns off the running
+headlines but leaves the page numbers. \cs{HeadText} is defined by
+\cs{chapter} to be the chapter title in 10~pt.\  italic type; if no
+chapters are used, then it is defined by \cs{section} to be the section
+title. You can change the running headline yourself with the command
+\CS{setHeadline}\arg{text}.  For example, the headline at the top of
+this page could have been created by saying
+\example\tt
+\CS{setHeadline}|{|\HeadText|}|
+\endexample
+The headline text appears in typestyle \CS{HeadFont}, which 
+you can change to suit your tastes.  The default is
+|\tenit|,
+but for this manual we used |\def\HeadFont{\tensl}|.
+
+
+Running headlines are not normally affected by \cs{subsection}, but it
+is easy to have each subsection change the runing headlines by
+defining \cs{aftersubsection} to include a \CS{setHeadline} command.
+As a useful example, suppose that each subsection is to have a running
+headline composed of both the title of the section and the title of
+the subsection.  You could have this done automatically by defining
+something like:
+\TeXexample
+\def\aftersubsection{\setHeadline{\SectionTitle: \SubsectionTitle}}
+|endTeXexample
+The rest of this section will have such running headlines as an
+example. 
+\def\aftersubsection{\setHeadline{\SectionTitle: \SubsectionTitle}}
+\bigskip  %<-- needed to force page break before next section!
+
+
+%======================================================================*
+
+\subsection{How to Make an Index        \label{sect.index}}
+
+The traditional way to make an index for a book was to write key~words
+on 3$\times$5 ``index'' cards, and to then write on these card the
+numbers of the pages on which the key words occurred.
+The cards were then sorted by hand and then their contents also sorted
+and typed in order to make the index.
+This was a tedious and time consuming task.
+Fortunately this whole process has been modernized so that an index
+can be made almost automatically.
+Still, it takes a certain amount of care to create a useful, well
+constructed index.
+An important part of designing a good index is deciding which
+key~words will be useful in the index and which key~words will not.
+A computer cannot make these decisions for you.
+
+Making an index with \TeX\  still involves collecting the index entries,
+sorting them (and removing duplicate references), and then producing the
+final index.  The first and last steps are accomplished with a set of
+plain \TeX\  macros known as |index.tex|, while the sorting and collating
+of the index entries is done by a separate computer program called
+|makeindex|.\index{makeindex}\  This is how we made the index for this
+Manual, which starts on page~\use{pg.index}.
+ 
+To create an entry in the index you can say \CS{index}\arg{key}, where
+\meta{key} is the key~word to be entered into the index, or more simply
+you can say \CS{idx}\arg{word}, which both includes the word in the
+text and makes an index entry for it; saying ``\CS{idx}|{Frisbee}|''
+is the same as saying ``|Frisbee|\CS{index}|{Frisbee}|''.
+Either of these indexing commands writes the index entry to a file
+with the name extension ``|.idx|''.
+Once your document has been processed by \TeX\  this file will contain
+all of the ``raw'' index entries.
+
+The entries in the raw index file are not sorted, and there may be many
+duplications.  The |makeindex|\index{makeindex} program will sort the
+index entries and reformat them in a form appropriate for printing the
+index.  The output from the |makeindex| program is a file with the
+extension ``|.ind|''.  So if your 
+manuscript file is called |myfile.tex| and you have run it through
+\TeXsis\  you should find a file called |myfile.idx| containing the raw
+index entries.  You would run the |makeindex| program like so,
+\example
+|makeindex myfile.idx|
+\endexample
+to produce the processed index file |myfile.ind|.
+(You can leave off the |.idx| extension for the raw file and |makeindex|
+will assume it.)  
+
+To print the index you can either include it in another pass of the full
+document, by saying
+\TeXexample
+\input \jobname.ind
+|endTeXexample
+\noindent
+in the manuscript file, or you can print it separately by adding
+``|\input index|'' to the begining of the |myfile.ind| file and running
+it through \TeX\  or \TeXsis.
+
+If you set \CS{markindextrue} then indexed words selected with \CS{idx}
+will appear in the printed output inside a ruled box 
+like so:
+\begingroup
+\markindextrue \idx{Frisbee}. 
+\endgroup
+The box does not interfere with or change the word or line spacing. 
+These ``proof marks'' are useful for draft copies when you are putting
+together the index, but obviously you do not want them to appear in the
+final copy, so the default is |\markindexfalse|.
+
+The |index.tex| macros are distributed with \TeXsis, but |makeindex|
+is not.
+If you do not have the |makeindex| program you can get the C source
+code for it from the \TeXsis\  anonymous ftp site,
+|ftp.texsis.org|.
+It is a well-known program, and is also available from CTAN in the
+directory {\tt indexing/makeindex}.
+Note that the |index.tex| macros work with plain \TeX\  as well as
+\TeXsis, and they work with |makeindex| in its default mode, even
+though that default mode was originally intended for \LaTeX\  code.
+
+For more information about how to make full use of |makeindex| see the
+file |index.tex|, the Unix man page for makeindex(1), and the original
+paper by Chen and Harrison\reference{makeindex} Pehong Chen and
+Michael A. Harrison, ``Index Preparation and Processing'', in {\sl
+Software: Practice and Experience}, \vol{19}, 897-915 (1988)
+\endreference
+describing how they designed the |makeindex| program.
+
+\def\aftersubsection{\relax}
+
+%>>> EOF TXSsects.doc <<<