move gentle-fr out of texmf-doc

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@13230 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

2 files changed, 7675 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/gentle-gr/gentl-gr.ps.gz b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/gentle-gr/gentl-gr.ps.gz
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe9e4ff3b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/gentle-gr/gentl-gr.ps.gz
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/gentle-gr/gentl-gr.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/gentle-gr/gentl-gr.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..080390536ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/gentle-gr/gentl-gr.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7675 @@
+%% File: gentl-gr.tex
+%%
+%% M. Doob's "Gentle Introduction to TeX" (Updated 01/04/90)
+%% translated into Modern Greek by Dimitrios Filippou (including
+%% an extra chapter on typesetting Greek texts by TeX).
+%%
+%% Version: 1.000 (11 jan 2001)
+%%
+%% A NOTE TO THE CODE READER
+%%
+%% Thanks for your interest in the Modern Greek translation of Michael
+%% Doob's "A Gentle Introduction to TeX".  Any comments on this manual
+%% would be appreciated. These may be typesetting, Greek, English or TeX
+%% criticisms.
+%% 
+%% This file is a complete TeX input file, but, in order to run it
+%% smoothly, you will need to have the KD* Greek fonts (that is
+%% Dryllerakis' GreeKTeX fonts version 3.1, or, better, version 4.0a)
+%% installed on your system.  If you don't have these fonts, you may get
+%% them by ftp from any CTAN site or from "laotzu.doc.ic.ac.uk".  In
+%% case you have KD* fonts on your system, just run this file through TeX
+%% and print out the resulting "DVI" file.  Note that you don't need
+%% to load any special Greek TeX format (*.fmt) file.
+%%  
+%% If you are familiar with TeX, the macros at the top of the file have
+%% a few switches which you may want to set.  If you have problems or 
+%% can't run TeX at all, you may try to print the PostScript(TM) file that
+%% comes with it.  In the worst case, you may write to Michael Doob and
+%% he'll send you a hard copy of his original English text (sorry, the
+%% translator cannot offer such a service!).  You can also get a bound copy
+%% of the English original from the TeX Users Group (e-mail: tug@tug.org).
+%% 
+%% Please, note that this translation is copyrighted by the translator. The
+%% complete copyright statement says:  
+%% 
+%%    "The present document is distributed by the author and the translator
+%%    in the hope that it will be useful to the reader.  However, the author
+%%    and the translator are not prepared to provide further information at
+%%    this time, and do not accept any liability for the use of this 
+%%    document for any purpose.  No part of the present document may be 
+%%    reproduced in any form for commercial or any other profit-driven
+%%    use.  Limited reproduction and distribution is permitted only for
+%%    purely educational purposes.  Also, the TeX Users Group (TUG) or any 
+%%    TeX Local User Group (LUG) can distribute these files in a commercial 
+%%    fashion, provided that profits go to TUG or to the respective LUGs."
+%% 
+%% The above statement should not be violated!
+%% 
+%% Author:         Michael Doob 
+%%                 Department of Mathematics 
+%%                 The University of Manitoba 
+%%                 Winnipeg, Manitoba  R3T 2N2 
+%%                 Canada 
+%%                 mdoob@uofmcc                    (bitnet) 
+%%                 mdoob@ccu.umanitoba.ca          (internet) 
+%% 
+%% Translator:     Dimitrios Filippou
+%%                 Kato Gatzea
+%%                 GR-385 00 Volos
+%%                 Greece
+%%                 dfilipp@danaos.ntua.gr          (internet)
+%% 
+%%
+%% CHARACTER LISTING
+%% 
+%% Here is a character listing to check to be sure that no 
+%% unwanted translations took place within the bowels of the net.
+%%
+%% Upper case letters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 
+%% Lower case letters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 
+%% round parentheses, square brackets, curly braces: ()  []  {} 
+%% Exclaim, at, sharp, dollar, percent: ! @ # $ % 
+%% Caret, ampersand, star, underscore, hyphen: ^ & * _ - 
+%% vertical bar, backslash, tilde, backprime, plus: | \ ~ ` + 
+%% plus, equal, prime, quote, colon: + = ' " :
+%% less than, greater than, slash, question, comma: < > / ? , 
+%% period, semicolon: . ; 
+%%
+%% HISTORY
+%%
+%% Translation started: Jan. 1994
+%% First draft completed:  Mar. 1997 (ver. 0.9)
+%% First public release (Internet): May 8, 1997 (ver. 0.992)
+%%
+%% Revisions:
+%%
+%% May 8, 1997 (ver. 0.993, not released): A few typos only.
+%% June 1, 1997 (ver. 0.994, released): Lots of typos corrected.
+%%                           Corrected the doubleside output macros.
+%% July 29, 1997 (ver. 0.995, not released): A few more typos.
+%% Feb 04, 1998 (ver. 0.996, released): Lots of typos corrected.
+%%                           Added a note on Greek stigma numeral.
+%% Feb. 05, 1998 (ver. 0.997, released): A few typos.
+%% July 27, 1998 (ver. 0.998, released): A few typos.
+%% Jan. 27, 1999 (ver. 0.999, released): Added info. about
+%%                            Syropoulos' Greek book on LaTeX.
+%% Mar. 20, 2001 (ver. 1.000, released): Final version. The next
+%%                            version is a printed book!
+
+%% Now here comes the code with the macros used in the manual.  If you are 
+%% already familiar with TeX, you may want to fiddle with them.  In
+%% particular, the hooks are left to generate a new control word index and
+%% table of contents if you change section 1.2, or section 10.
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Version/Edition no. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\version{1,000}
+\def\grversiondate{20`h Mart'iou 2001}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%% Here are the fonts other than the sixteen defined in %%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%% plain.tex that are used.  Note that only "cmr" fonts %%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%% are used for latin-alphabet texts (DF)               %%%%%%%%
+
+\font\brm=cmr10 scaled \magstep1
+\font\halfrm=cmr10 scaled \magstephalf
+\font\eightrm=cmr8
+\font\eightit=cmti8
+\font\bbrm=cmr10 scaled \magstep2
+\font\bbbrm=cmr10 scaled \magstep3
+\font\bbbbrm=cmr10 scaled \magstep4
+\font\bbbbbrm=cmr10 scaled \magstep5
+\font\sf=cmss10
+\font\lchapfont=cmbx10 scaled \magstep2      % lchapfont = latin "chapter" font
+\font\lsecfont=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1       % lsecfont = latin "section" font
+\font\sc=cmcsc10
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%% Here are the Greek fonts added by DF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\font\tengr=kdgr10 scaled \magstep0          % 10 pt regular greek
+\font\ninegr=kdgr9 scaled \magstep0          % 9 pt ....
+\font\eightgr=kdgr8 scaled \magstep0         % 8 pt ....
+\font\tengb=kdbf10 scaled \magstep0          % 10 pt reg. greek bold
+\font\ninegb=kdbf9 scaled \magstep0          % 9 pt ....
+\font\eightgb=kdbf8 scaled \magstep0         % 8 pt ....
+\font\chapfont=kdbf10 scaled \magstep2       % 14.4 pt .... ("chapfont")
+\font\secfont=kdbf10 scaled \magstep1        % 12 pt .... ("secfont")
+\font\tengs=kdsl10 scaled \magstep0          % 10 pt reg. greek slanted
+\font\tengi=kdti10 scaled \magstep0          % 10 pt greek "pseudo-italics"
+\font\tengt=kdtt10 scaled \magstep0          % 10 pt greek typewritter
+
+%%% and here are some oblivious characters
+
+\def\digamma{\char'020}    %%%%% digamma (or former 6) %%%%
+\def\stigma{\char'143}     %%%%% stigma (or latter 6) %%%%%
+\def\Koppa{\char'022}      %%%%% capital Qoppa (or 90) %%%%
+\def\koppa{\char'023}      %%%%% small qoppa (or 90) %%%%%%
+\def\varkoppa{\char'021}   %%%%% a small qoppa variant %%%%
+%%%                              which has been mistakenly
+%%%                              identified by KD as \stigma
+\def\sampi{\char'024}      %%%%% sampi (or 900) %%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\numbertick{\char'003} %%%%% upper tick for ordinal Greek numbers
+\def\pretick{\char'004}    %%%%% lower tick for Greek thousands
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  document dimensions, etc. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%%% \vbadness=10000 %%%%%% I don't want to hear about underfull vboxes
+\raggedbottom        %%%%%% delete this line for aligned page bottoms
+    \hsize=5.5 in
+    \vsize=7.0 in
+    \voffset=.75 in
+    \hoffset=.5 in
+\parskip=\baselineskip
+\widowpenalty=1000 \clubpenalty=1000  %%% I hate widows and orphans! %%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Shall we print double-side or single-side? %%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newif \ifdoubleside
+\doublesidefalse  % use this line if you want to print single-side
+%\doublesidetrue  % use this line if you want to print double-side
+                  % (you may have to do some fiddling with your printer
+                  % driver so as to align both sides).
+
+\newdimen\paperwidth      % true paperwidth (set below)
+\newdimen\oddleftmargin   % true left margin of an odd page (set below)
+\newdimen\oddrightmargin  % true right margin of an odd page (set below)
+\newdimen\evensideshift   % even-numbered pages shift to the left (set below)
+
+\newif\iflettersize
+\lettersizetrue        %%% to print on A4 paper, comment out this line 
+%%% \lettersizefalse   %%% and uncomment this.
+\iflettersize\paperwidth=8,5 true in  % set paperwidth
+\else\paperwidth=210 true mm\fi
+\oddleftmargin=1 true in              % set oddleftmargin
+\advance\oddleftmargin by \hoffset
+\oddrightmargin=\paperwidth           % set oddrightmargin
+\advance\oddrightmargin by -\hsize
+\advance\oddrightmargin by -\oddleftmargin
+\evensideshift=\oddrightmargin        % set evensideshift
+\advance\evensideshift by -\oddleftmargin
+
+\def\newplainoutput{%
+  \ifodd\pageno%
+    \shipout\vbox{%
+    \makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}%
+    \advancepageno
+    \ifnum\outputpenalty>-2000 
+    \else\dosupereject
+    \fi%
+  \else
+    \shipout\hbox{\hglue\evensideshift\vbox{%
+    \makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}}%
+    \advancepageno
+    \ifnum\outputpenalty>-2000 
+    \else\dosupereject
+    \fi%
+  \fi
+}
+
+\ifdoubleside\output{\newplainoutput}
+\else\output{\plainoutput}
+\fi
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%% choosing between Canadian (British) and American spellings %%%%%
+
+\newif \ifcanspell
+\canspelltrue      %%%% Canadian spelling
+% \canspellfalse   %%%% use this line for American spelling
+\def\centimetre{\ifcanspell centimetre\else centimeter\fi}
+    \let\centimeter=\centimetre
+\def\centre{\ifcanspell centre\else center\fi}
+    \let\center=\centre
+\def\centred{\ifcanspell centred\else centered\fi}
+    \let\centered=\centred
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% headline routines  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% changed by DF to Greek ones %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\gentleheadline{%
+    \vbox {\hrule%
+        \line {\strut \vrule \quad \tengr E>isagwg`h st`o {\tenrm \TeX }
+              (<ellhnik`h mtf.)\null
+              \hfil
+              \ifnum \secnum > 0 Kef.\ \the\secnum: \fi \sectiontitle \quad
+              \vrule}%
+        \hrule}%
+}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% we don't want any headlines on title pages %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newif \iftitlepage \titlepagetrue
+\headline=
+  {\iftitlepage \hfil \global\titlepagefalse \else \gentleheadline \fi}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% define contents and index files %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%% Normally the contents and index are hard coded into the input file. %%%
+%% To generate new ones, use \writingcontentstrue and \writingindextrue. %%
+
+\newif \ifwritingcontents
+\newif \ifwritingindex
+\newwrite\contents \newwrite\index
+
+\writingcontentsfalse 
+\writingindexfalse
+%%%\writingcontentstrue  %%% use this line to make the contents
+%%%\writingindextrue     %%% use this line to make the index
+
+\ifwritingcontents \openout\contents=contents.tex  \fi
+\ifwritingindex \openout\index=index.tex
+          \def\toindex#1{\immediate\write\index{#1 \the\pageno}}
+          \else \def\toindex#1{} \fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% determine whether answers are printed %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newif \ifwritinganswers
+%%%\writinganswersfalse     %%% use this line to suppress answer section
+\writinganswerstrue         %%% use this line to include answer section
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%      footnote macro with counter      %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newcount\footnotenum \footnotenum=0
+\def\fnote#1{\advance \footnotenum by 1%
+\footnote{$^{\the\footnotenum}$}{#1}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% exercise, section, and subsection macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newcount\exno                   %%%%%% counter for exercises %%%%%%%%
+\newcount\secnum \secnum=0       %%%% counter for section numbers %%%%
+\newcount\subsecnum
+
+\def\section#1{
+            \vfill\eject %%%%% new section starts on a new page
+            %%%\ifodd\pageno \else\ \vfill\eject \fi %start on an odd page
+            \advance\secnum by 1 \subsecnum=0 \exno=0
+            \ifnum \secnum = 1 \pageno=1 \fi
+            \ifnum \secnum > 0
+                 \leftline{\chapfont Kef'alaio \the\secnum}
+                 \vskip 3pt \fi
+            \leftline{\chapfont #1}
+            \def\sectiontitle{#1}
+            \vskip\baselineskip
+            \hrule
+            \vskip 1cm
+            \ifwritingcontents \write\contents{\string\line\string{#1
+                   \string\dotfill{}
+                   \ifnum \pageno < 0 \romannumeral-\pageno
+                   \else \the\pageno \fi
+                   \string}}\fi
+            \titlepagetrue}
+
+\def\subsection#1{\advance\subsecnum by 1
+               \vskip 30pt
+               \leftline{\secfont \the\secnum .\the\subsecnum\ #1}
+               \nobreak
+               \ifwritingcontents
+                     \write\contents{\string\line\string{\string\qquad{}#1
+                     \string\dotfill{} \the\pageno\string}}\fi
+                 }
+
+\def\exercise{\global\advance \exno by 1
+         \vskip\baselineskip
+         \noindent $\triangleright$ {\tengb 
+                     >'Askhsh \the\secnum.\the\exno}\quad
+         }
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%% Definitions of control sequences for characters in the typewriter font %%
+%%%% for short phrases this is easier than using a literal construction. %%%
+
+\def\\{\char92{}}          %%%%% backslash %%%%%
+\def\_{\char'137{}}        %%%%% underscore %%%%%
+\def\lb{\char'173{}}       %%%%% left brace %%%%%
+\def\rb{\char'175{}}       %%%%% right brace %%%%%
+\def\sp{\char32{}}         %%%%% special space symbol %%%%%
+\def\underscore{\leavevmode \kern .06em \vbox {\hrule width.3em}}
+
+\def\beginliteral{
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\begingroup
+\tt
+\obeylines
+%{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\catcode`\@=0
+\parskip=0pt\parindent=0pt
+\catcode`\$=12\catcode`\&=12\catcode`\^=12\catcode`\#=12
+\catcode`\_=12\catcode`\~=12
+\def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}
+\catcode`\{=12\catcode`\}=12\catcode`\%=12\catcode`\\=12
+}
+
+\def\endliteral{\endgroup}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%% inhibit hyphenation of typewriter text %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\hyphenchar\tentt=-1
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% grouping to make input listing in typewriter type %%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\beginuser{\vskip\parskip
+               \everypar={\nobreak}
+               \begingroup
+               \tt \obeylines \parskip=0pt \parindent=0pt}
+
+\def\enduser{\endgroup}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%% macro to construct tables (easily) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% parameters: title goes between brackets, rest of the %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%             paragraph is the table                   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\maketable[#1]#2\par{
+\setbox1=\vbox{#2}
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\centerline{
+     \vbox{
+        \hbox to \wd1{\secfont \hss #1 \hss}
+        \vskip 12pt
+        \box1
+      }
+}\par
+}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%  end of macro to construct tables  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%% macro to put a box around the text %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\makebox#1#2#3% vsize, hsize, inserted text
+{\hbox{\vrule
+       \vbox to  #1{\hrule \vss
+                   \hbox to #2{\hss#3\hss}\vss
+                   \hrule}\vrule}}
+
+\def\displaytext#1{$$\hbox{#1}$$}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% LaTeX etc. logos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em
+   T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+
+\def\AMSTeX{{$\cal A$}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
+ {$\cal M$}\kern-.125em{$\cal S$}-\TeX}
+
+\def\greektex{{\sc GreeK}{\rm \TeX}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% macro to put TeX references in right margin %%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%% (doesn't work very well with double-side printing) %%%%%%%%%
+
+\newdimen\theight
+\def\TeXref#1{%
+ \vadjust{%
+    \setbox0=\vbox{\setbox1=\hbox{\sevenrm\qquad\TeX book:\qquad}%
+                   \setbox2=\hbox to \wd1{%
+                            \sevenrm\null\hfil #1\hfil\null}%
+                   \box1\vskip -.5ex\box2}%
+    \theight=\ht0
+    \advance\theight by \dp0    \advance\theight by \lineskip
+    \kern -\theight \vbox to \theight{\rightline{\rlap{\box0}}%
+                         \vss}}%
+}%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% macro to write the date out the date and time %%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%          TeXbook   p. 406 for date            %%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%          Changed to Greek date (DF)          %%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\grtoday{\number\day%
+\ifnum\day=20 `h\else\ifnum\day=30 `h\else h\fi\fi %%% 20th, 30th take
+                                                   %%% an accent
+\space \ifcase\month\or >Ianouar'iou\or Febrouar'iou\or Mart'iou\or
+>April'iou\or Ma"'iou\or >Ioun'iou\or >Ioul'iou\or A>ugo'ustou\or
+Septembr'iou\or >Oktwbr'iou\or Noembr'iou\or Dekembr'iou\fi
+\space \number\year}
+
+\newcount\hour \newcount\minute
+\hour=\time  \divide \hour by 60
+\minute=\time
+\loop  \ifnum \minute > 59 \advance \minute by -60 \repeat
+\def\writetime{\ifnum \hour<13 \number\hour:%  % supresses leading 0's
+                      \ifnum \minute<10 0\fi%  % so add it it
+                      \number\minute
+                      \ifnum \hour < 12 \ p.m. \else \ m.m. \fi  % Greek time (DF)
+      \else \advance \hour by -12 \number\hour:%  % supresses leading 0's
+                      \ifnum \minute<10 0\fi%     % add it in
+                      \number\minute \ m.m. \fi} % Greek time (DF)
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%      Macro which puts a date stamp on the last page    %%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%      according to the Greek typography traditions (DF) %%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\datestamp{%
+   \vfill\eject                  % Put datestamp on a new page.
+   \null\titlepagetrue\nopagenumbers
+        \ifodd\pageno            % If page is odd leave it blank.
+        \else 
+            \vfill\eject
+        \fi
+   \titlepagetrue\nopagenumbers  % No page numbers and no headline.
+   \hbadness = 10000             % Don't complain for horizontal underfull.
+   \null\vfill                   % Put datestamp in the page centre.
+   \centerline{\vbox{%           % Create a square vbox of 2.0 in width.
+      \noindent\parfillskip 0pt \hsize 2.0 in 
+         {\eightgr T O B I B L I O
+            ((M I A E U K O L H E I S A G W G H S T O {\eightrm \TeX})) 
+            (E L L H N I K H M E T A F R A S H, E K D O S H \version)
+             E T O I M A S J H K E A P O T O N M E T A F R A S T H M E E
+             P I M E L E I A T O U I D I O U T H N \grversiondate\ K A I
+             S T O I Q E I O J E T H J H K E M E T O {\eightrm \TeX} T H
+             N \grtoday, <'wra \writetime%
+}% end eightgr
+}% end vbox
+}% end centerline
+$$ \clubsuit $$ % we add a bit of decoration
+\vfill\null
+} % end Greek datestamp
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Here we do some fiddling to get around with the %%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%% circumflex accent in Greek text! %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\catcode`\~=12            % we de-activate the ~
+\def\NB{\penalty10000\ }  % and we use \NB as an unbreakable tie
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  NOW WE START WITH THE TEXT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%% Cover pages %%%%%%%
+
+{\nopagenumbers
+
+%%% The front cover %%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\coverpage{%
+\titlepagetrue
+\topinsert \vskip 6 cm \endinsert
+\centerline{\chapfont M'ia e>'ukolh e>isagwg`h st`o {\lchapfont \TeX}}
+\vskip 15 pt
+\centerline{\secfont >egqeir'idio a>utodidaskal'iac}
+\vskip 2cm
+\leftline{\rm Michael Doob}
+\leftline{\rm Department of Mathematics}
+\leftline{\rm The University of Manitoba}
+\leftline{\rm Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2}
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\leftline{{\tt MDOOB@UOFMCC.BITNET}}
+\leftline{{\tt mdoob@ccu.umanitoba.ca}}
+\vskip 1cm
+\leftline{\tengs Met'afrash ka`i prosarmog`h st`hn neoellhnik`h 
+gl'wssa:}
+\vskip .5\baselineskip
+\leftline{\tengr Dhm'htrioc >A. Fil'ippou}
+\leftline{\tengr K'atw Gatz'ea}
+\leftline{\rm GR-385 00 \tengr B'oloc}
+\vfill\eject
+} % end definition of coverpage
+
+\coverpage  % Now we put the coverpage
+
+%%% Back front cover (or blank page) %%%%%%%
+
+\titlepagetrue
+\null\vfill\eject
+
+%%% Small title page %%%%%%%
+
+\titlepagetrue
+\null\vfil
+\centerline{\secfont MIA EUKOLH EISAGWGH STO {\lsecfont \TeX}}
+\vfil\vfil
+\null\eject
+
+%%% Edition and copyright page %%%%%%
+
+\titlepagetrue
+
+\newdimen\squaredimen
+\def\square#1{\setbox0=\hbox{\rm #1}%
+   \dp0=.4ex \squaredimen=\ht0 
+   \ifdim \wd0 > \ht0 \squaredimen=\wd0\fi
+   \advance \squaredimen by \dp0
+   \ht0=\squaredimen \advance \squaredimen by \dp0
+   \leavevmode
+   \lower .4ex \vbox{%
+      \hsize=\squaredimen 
+      \hrule
+      \hbox to \squaredimen{\vrule\hfil\box0\hfil\vrule}%
+      \hrule height .4pt depth 0pt}}
+
+\noindent
+\tengr T`o prwt'otupo >agglik`o >egqeir'idio kuklof'orhse
+st`o {\rm Internet} t`o 1990 ka`i >apot'elese  t`hn b'ash to~u
+bibl'iou:\ {\rm Michael Doob}, {\sl \TeX: Starting from \square1}
+(1993), po`u ku\-klo\-fore~i >ap`o t`on >ekdotik`o o>~iko {\rm
+Springer--Verlag (ISBN 3-540-56441-1} >`h 0-387-56441-1). <H <ellhnik`h
+met'afrash to~u bi\-bl'iou, m`e t'itlo {\tengs T`o pr~wto b~hma st`o} {\sl
+\TeX}, kuklof'orhse t`o 2000 >ap`o t`ic >Ekd'oseic Para\-th\-rh\-t`hc t~hc
+Jessalon'ikhc ({\rm ISBN 960-374-081-0}). 
+
+\vfill
+\item{{\rm\copyright}} Gi`a t`o prwt'otupo ke'imeno: {\rm
+Michael Doob}, 1990.
+{\parskip=0pt\item{} Gi`a t`hn <ellhnik`h met'afrash: Dhm'htrioc
+>A. Fil'ippou, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001.
+}
+
+{\rm\item{\copyright} For the original text in English:
+Michael Doob, 1990.
+\parskip=0pt\item{} For the translation in Modern Greek: 
+Dimitrios Filippou, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001.
+}
+
+\noindent {\tengs T`o par`on >'entupo diat'ijetai >ap`o t`on suggraf'ea
+ka`i t`on metafrast'h tou m`e t`hn >elp'ida <'oti j`a fane~i qr'hsimo
+st`on >anagn'wsth.  <Wst'oso, t'oso <o suggraf'eac <'oso ka`i <o
+metafrast`hc d`en br'iskontai s`e j'esh n`a prosf'eroun periss'oterec
+sqetik`ec plhrofor'iec, o>'ute >apod'eqontai e>uj'unec gi`a <'opoiec
+sun'epeiec mpore~i n`a >'eqei <h qr'hsh to~u >ent'upou. <H >anaparagwg`h
+to~u pa\-r'ontoc >ent'upou, >`h m'erouc a>uto~u, s`e <opoi\-ad'h\-pote
+mor\-f`h gi`a >emporik`h >`h >'allh kerdoskopik`h qr'h\-sh
+>apagore'uetai. >Epitr'epetai <h periorism'enh >anaparagwg`h ka`i
+dianom'h tou m'onon gi`a kajar`a >ekpaideutiko`uc skopo'uc. >Ep'ishc, <h
+<om'ada {\sl\TeX{} Users Group (TUG)} ka`i <opoiad'hpote topik`h m`h
+kerdoskopik`h <om'ada {\sl\TeX{} (Local User Group, LUG)} >'eqoun t`o
+dika'iwma n`a >anapar'agoun <eto~uto ke'imeno ka`i t`a sqetik`a >arqe~ia
+gi`a >emporik`o skop'o, >ef'' <'oson m'eroc to~u k'erdouc diat'ijetai
+gi`a to`uc skopo`uc to~u {\sl TUG} >`h t~wn >antisto'iqwn {\sl LUG}.  } 
+
+\noindent {\sl The present document is distributed by the author and the
+translator in the hope that it will be useful to the reader. However,
+the author and the translator are not prepared to provide further
+information at this time, and do not accept any liability for the use of
+this document for any purpose. No part of the present document may be
+reproduced in any form for commercial or any other profit-driven use. 
+Limited reproduction and distribution is permitted for purely
+educational purposes. Also, the \TeX{} Users Group (TUG) or any
+non-profit \TeX{} Local User Group (LUG) can distribute this document
+and the related files in a commercial fashion, provided that profits go
+to TUG or to the respective LUGs.} \eject
+
+%%% Titles again %%%%%%%%
+
+\coverpage
+
+%%% Back big titles page (or blank page) %%%%%%%
+
+\titlepagetrue
+\null\vfill\eject
+
+%%% End of coverpages %%%%%%%
+} % end of nopagenumbers
+
+\secnum=-3 \pageno=-1
+
+\section{E>isagwg`h}
+
+\tengr
+
+>`Ac po~ume pr~wta t`a >'asqhma n'ea: t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai <'ena
+meg'alo ka`i polus'unjeto pr'ogram\-ma po`u proqwre~i ((pol`u p'eran
+to~u kanoniko~u)) st`hn prosp'ajei'a tou n`a par'agei >'omorfa
+stoiqeio\-je\-thm'ena >'entupa.  A>ut`h <h po\-lu\-plo\-k'o\-th\-ta to~u
+{\rm \TeX} mpore~i kat`a kai\-ro`uc n`a prokal'esei >an'elpista
+>apotel'esmata.  Ka`i t'wra t`a kal`a n'ea:  <apl`a ke'imena e>~inai
+pol`u e>'ukolo n`a stoi\-qei\-o\-jethjo~un m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.
+>'Etsi, mpore~i n`a xekin'hsei kane`ic t`hn qr'hsh to~u {\rm \TeX} st`hn
+stoi\-qei\-ojes'ia sqetik`a <apl~wn >ent'upwn ka`i kat'opin, m`e t`hn
+>ap'okthsh pe'irac, n`a proqwr'hsei st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia pi`o
+polupl'okwn >ent'upwn.
+
+Skop`oc a>uto~u to~u >egqeirid'iou e>~inai n`a e>isag'agei t`on         
+>arq'ario >`h ka`i t`on >entel~wc >an'ideo to~u {\rm \TeX} st`hn qr'hsh 
+a>uto~u to~u progr'ammatoc pern'wntac >ap`o t`ic pi`o <apl`ec
+katast'aseic st`ic pl'eon pol'uplokec.  Proqwr'wntac diadoqik`a >ap`o
+t`o <'ena kef'alaio st`o >'allo, >ese~ic, o<i >ana\-gn~wstec to~u
+>egqeirid'iou j`a de~ite t`ic <ikan'otht'ec sac st`o {\rm \TeX} suneq~wc
+n`a belti'wnontai ka`i j`a mpore~ite n`a <etoim'azete <'olo kai pi`o
+poik'ila ka`i pol'uploka >'entupa.
+
+<Or'iste merik`ec >ak'oma sumboul'ec: S`e k'aje kef'alaio <up'arqoun
+>ask'hseic;  m'hn >amele~ite n`a t`ic k'anete!  <O m'onoc tr'opoc gi`a 
+n`a m'ajete t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai n`a t`o qrhsimopoie~ite.  Ka`i >ak'oma
+kal'utera, peiramatisje~ite m'onoi sac m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}; prospaj~hste
+n`a epil'usete k'apoiec parallag`ec t~wn >ask'hsewn.  M'hn fob'aste,
+d`en <up'arqei kam'ia per'iptwsh n`a prokal'esete zhmi`a st`o >'idio
+t`o {\rm \TeX} m`e t`a peir'amat'a sac.   Mpore~ite n`a bre~ite t`hn
+pl'hrh l'ush t~wn perissot'erwn >ask'hsewn r'iqnontac m'ia              
+mati`a st`o >arqe~io {\tt gentle.tex}, dhl.\ st`on k'wdika po`u
+sunt'aqjhke gi`a t`hn paragwg`h to~u >aggliko~u prwt'otupou <eto'utou
+to~u >egqeirid'iou.  >Ep'ishc, j`a parathr'hsete p`wc st`o dex`i
+perij'wrio to~u >egqeirid'iou <up'arqoun >anafor`ec s`e sel'idec t~hc
+((B'iblou to~u {\rm \TeX})), {\sl The \TeX book}\fnote{{\rm Addison
+Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1984, ISBN 0-201-13448-9.}}. >E`an
+qrei'azetai n`a >embaj'unete s`e ak'omh periss'oterec leptom'ereiec, d`en
+>'eqete par`a n`a >anatr'exete st`ic sugkekrim'enec a>ut`ec sel'idec
+to~u {\sl \TeX book}\null.
+
+Parepipt'ontoc, s`e <eto~uto t`o >egqeir'idio, po~u ka`i po~u           
+>eskemm'ena j`a l'eme ka`i >ap`o kan'ena yemat'aki;  t`o k'anoume m`e   
+kal`h pr'ojesh ka`i m`e m'ono skop`o n`a >apokr'uyoume pi`o pol'uplokec 
+katast'aseic (>`ac po~ume <'oti t`o k'anoume ((poihtik~h|               
+>ade'ia|)){}).  <'Oso <h empeir'ia sac st`o {\rm \TeX} j`a megal'wnei,  
+t'oso ka`i j`a g'ineste pi`o <ikano`i st`o n`a br'iskete a>ut`a t`a     
+>aj~wa yemat'akia mac.
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai pr'ogramma po`u qarakthr'izetai <wc {\rm public  
+domain}, dhl.\ diat'ijetai dwre'an. Dhmiourg'oc tou e>~inai <o
+kajhght`hc plhroforik~hc st`o Panepist'hmio {\rm Stanford} t~wn H.P.A,  
+{\rm Donald Knuth} (Nt'onalnt Kano'uj).  >E`an t`o pr'ogramma a>ut`o
+>'ebgaine st`hn >agor`a <wc >emporik`o pro"i'on, s'igoura <h >ax'ia tou
+j`a >'eftane s`e qili'adec dol\-l'aria --- gi`a n`a m`hn mil'hsoume ka`i
+s`e draqm'ec!   <O m`h kerdo\-skopik`oc >organism`oc {\rm \TeX\ Users
+Group (TUG)} e>~inai a>ut`oc po`u dia\-j'etei >ant'igrafa ka`i n'eec
+belti'wseic to~u progr'ammatoc {\rm \TeX}\null. >Ep'ishc, <o
+>organism`oc  {\rm TUG} >ekd'idei t`a periodik`a {\sl TUGboat\/} ka`i
+{\sl \TeX{} and TUG News\/} <'opou dhmosie'uontai plhrofor'iec
+sqetik`ec m`e n'eec >exel'ixeic t'oso s`e j'emata logismiko~u
+(progr'ammata, k.lp.)\ <'oso ka`i s`e j'emata <uliko~u (<upologist'ec,
+k.lp.)\ po`u >'eqoun >'amesh sq'esh m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  T`o n`a
+g'inei k'apoioc m'eloc to~u {\rm TUG} d`en kost'izei par`a >el'aqista;
+>e`an >endiaf'ereste, >arke~i n`a gr'ayete <'ena gr'amma st`hn
+die'ujunsh:
+{\rm
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\centerline{\TeX{} Users Group}
+\centerline{P.O. Box 869}
+\centerline{Santa Barbara, CA 93102}
+\centerline{U.S.A.}
+\centerline{e-mail: {\tt tug@tug.org}}
+\centerline{http://{\tt www.tug.org}}
+} % end roman
+
+A>ut`o t`o >egqeir'idio d`en j`a mporo~use n`a de~i t`o f~wc t~hc
+<hm'erac qwr`ic t`hn bo'hjeia k'apoiwn >'allwn >at'omwn.  >Exairetik`a
+meg'alhc >ax'iac <up~hrxe <h prosektik`h >an'a\-gnwsh ka`i o<i
+<upode'ixeic t~wn parak'atw >at'omwn:
+ \begingroup \catcode`\~=13 \rm
+ \frenchspacing
+Waleed A.~Al-Salam (University of Alberta),
+Debbie L.~Alspaugh (University of California),
+Nelson H.~F.~Beebe (University of Utah),
+Barbara Beeton (American Mathematical Society),
+Bart Childs (Texas A.~\&~M.~University),
+Mary Coventry (University of Washington),
+Dimitrios Diamantaras (Temple University),
+Roberto Dominimanni (Naval Underwater Systems Center),
+Victor Eijkhout (University of Nijmegen),
+Moshe Feder (St.~Lawrence University),
+Josep~M.~Font (Uviversidad Barcelona),
+Jonas de Miranda Gomes (Instituto de Matematica Pura e Aplicada, Brazil),
+Rob Gross (Boston College),
+Klaus Hahn (University of Marburg),
+Anita Hoover (University of Delaware),
+J\"urgen Koslowski (Macalester College),
+Kees van der Laan (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen),
+John Lee (Northrop Corporation),
+Silvio Levy (Princeton University),
+Robert Messer (Albion College),
+Emily H.~Moore (Grinnell College),
+Young Park (University of Maryland),
+Craig Platt (University of Manitoba),
+David Roberts (Colorado),
+Kauko Saarinen (University of Jyv\"askyl\"a),
+Jim Wright (Iowa State University)
+{\tengr ka`i}
+Dominik Wujastyk (Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine).
+ \endgroup
+
+>Epipl'eon, poll`a >'alla >'atoma mo~u >'esteilan merik`a >`h ka`i
+pl'hrh dik'a touc ((topik`a >egqeir'i\-dia)) to~u {\rm \TeX}\null.        
+Pi`o sugkekrim'ena, o<i parak'atw >'eqoun gr'ayei shmei'wseic >ep'anw   
+st`o {\rm \TeX} o<i <opo~iec <up~hrxan shmantik`h bo'hjeia gi`a t`hn      
+proetoimas'ia <eto'utou to~u >egqeirid'iou:
+ \begingroup \catcode`\~=13 \rm
+ \frenchspacing
+Elizabeth Barnhart (TV Guide),
+Stephan v.~Bechtolsheim (Purdue University),
+Nelson H.~F.~Beebe (University of Utah)
+     {\tengr ka`i} Leslie Lamport (Digital Equipment Corporation),
+Marie McPart\-land-Conn {\tengr ka`i} Laurie Mann (Stratus Computer),
+Robert Messer (Albion College),
+Noel Peterson (Library of Congress),
+Craig Platt (University of Manitoba),
+Alan Spragens (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 
+     {\tengr t'wra m`e t`hn} Apple Computers),
+Christina Thiele (Carleton University)
+{\tengr ka`i} Daniel M.~Zirin (California Institute of Technology).
+ \endgroup
+\vfill\eject
+
+\section{E>isagwg`h st`hn <ellhnik`h met'afrash}
+
+<'Opwc gr'afei ka`i <o suggraf'eac st`hn dik'h tou e>isagwg'h, t`o {\rm
+\TeX} e>~inai <'ena pr'ogramma stoiqeiojes'iac keim'enou (ka`i >'oqi
+>epexergas'iac) polus'unjeto ka`i >'oqi >idiait'erwc filik`o st`on
+qr'hsth.  A>ut`oc e>~inai <'enac l'ogoc gi`a t`on <opo~io <h
+dhmotik'othta to~u {\rm \TeX} d`en >'eqei katorj'wsei n`a fj'asei a>ut`h
+t~wn programm'atwn >epexergas'iac keim'enou <'opwc t`o {\rm Word}, t`o
+{\rm WordPerfect}, k.lp.  
+
+<'Enac de'uteroc l'ogoc gi`a t`on <opo~io t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en e>~inai
+t'oso gnwst`o <'oso t`a progr'ammata >epexergas'iac keim'enou e>~inai
+kajar`a j'ema {\rm marketing}.  T`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai dhmio'urghma
+<en`oc >an\-jr'w\-pou, to~u {\rm Donald Knuth}, <o <opo~ioc d`en >'ebale
+skop`o t~hc zw~hc tou t`o n`a gem'isei t`o portof'oli tou ka`i gi''\NB
+a>ut`o >apof'asise n`a t`o diaj'esei dwre`an st`o koin'o (m'esw| to~u
+dikt'uou {\rm Internet}, k.lp.).  St`o >'idio pne~uma prosfor~ac,
+pollo`i >'alloi sun'ebalan st`hn pro'wjhsh ka`i >ex'elixh to~u {\rm
+\TeX}\null.  >'Etsi s'hmera mil~ame gi`a ((pak'eta)) <'opwc t`o {\rm
+\LaTeX}, ((<ellhnik`o {\rm \TeX})), ((rwsik`o {\rm \TeX})), k.>'a., po`u
+m~ac diat'ijontai dwre`an m'esw| to~u {\rm Internet} >`h >ant`i mi~ac
+sumbolik~hc tim~hc >ap`o t`on >organism`o {\rm \TeX\ Users Group}. 
+
+T`o par`on >egqeir'idio >apotele~i >ep'ishc m'eroc a>ut~hc t~hc
+prosfor~ac pr`oc t`o koin`o >ap`o t`on {\rm Michael Doob}, <o <opo~ioc
+e>~iqe >ep'ishc t`hn kalws'unh n`a >epitr'eyei t`hn met'afrash to~u
+>egqeirid'iou st`hn neoellhnik`h gl'wssa.  T`o xek'inhma t~hc
+met'afrashc st`hn neoellhnik`h gl'wssa >'egine pr`oc t`o t'eloc to~u
+1993.  <O kakomo'irhc <o metafrast`hc >'elpize t'ote p`wc m'esa s`e
+<'ena >'etoc j`a t`hn e>~iqe <'etoimh --- <am''\NB d'e!  Mesol'abhsan <o
+Strat'oc, t`o y'aximo gi`a doulei'a, >all`a ka`i >'allec trikum'iec
+proswpik'ec, m`e >apot'elesma <h met'afrash n`a <oloklhrwje~i kat`a t`hn
+>'anoixh to~u 1997.
+
+O<i >anagn~wstec to~u >egqeirid'iou j`a diapist'wsoun --- ka`i >'iswc
+n`a >apogohteujo~un >ep'ishc --- <'oti t`o periss'otero m'eroc t~hc
+met'afrashc >asqole~itai m`e t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia >agglik~wn >ent'upwn,
+>`h genik'wtera >ent'upwn po`u sthr'izontai st`o latinik`o >alf'abhto
+(p.q., gallik'a, >ispanik'a, k.lp.).  T`o {\rm \TeX} <up~hrxe
+dhmio'urghma <en`oc >aggl'ofwnou ka`i sunep~wc, <'enac >arq'arioc st`o
+{\rm \TeX} j`a bre~i pi`o e>'ukolo n`a k'anei t`ic pr~wtec tou dokim`ec
+m`e t`o pr'ogramma stoiqeiojet'wntac >ag\-gli\-k`a ke'imena.  <Wst'oso,
+st`o t'eloc t~hc met'afrashc >'eqei prosteje~i >ap`o t`on metafrast`h
+<'ena kef'alaio gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <ellhnik~wn keim'enwn m`e t`o
+{\rm \TeX}\null.  <'Osoi nom'izoun <'oti kat'eqoun kal`a t`ic basik`ec
+>arq`ec to~u {\rm \TeX} ka`i >endiaf'erontai m'onon gi`a t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia <ellhniko~u keim'enou, d`en >'eqoun par`a n`a diab'asoun
+t`o kef'alaio\NB 10.
+
+T'eloc, <o metafrast`hc j`a >'hjele n`a proeidopoi'hsei t`on >anagn'wsth
+<'oti o>'ute kat'eqei kan'ena ptuq'io plhroforik~hc o>'ute e>~inai
+>epaggelmat'iac tupogr'afoc.  <H sq'esh tou m`e to`uc <upologist`ec
+perior'izetai m'allon st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia dik~wn tou >ent'upwn m`e t`o
+{\rm \TeX}\null.  E>~inai pol`u pijan`o k'apoio <'oroi n`a m`hn >'eqoun
+metafrasje~i >apol'utwc s'umfwna m`e t`o go~usto to~u >anagn'wsth.  Gi`a
+par'adeigma, >ant`i t~hc l'exhc ((>entol'h)), st`hn paro'usa met'afrash
+>'eqoun qrhsimo\-poihje~i o<i <'oroi ((l'exh >el'egqou)) ka`i
+((s'umbolo >el'eg\-qou)).  T`o giat'i qrhsimopoi'hjhkan a>uto`i o<i
+<'oroi --- >all`a ka`i >'alloi par'omoioi --- <o >anagn'wsthc
+pijan'otata j`a t`o katal'abei kaj`wc o<i gn'wseic tou g'urw >ap`o t`o
+{\rm \TeX} j`a plhja'inoun.  >Ak'oma <o >anagn'wsthc >'iswc >anarwthje~i
+giat'i >'eqei g'inei <h met'afrash st`o pali`o polutonik`o s'usthma.  <H
+>ap'anthsh e>~inai a>ut`h po`u j`a >'edine <opoiosd'hpote pali`oc
+tupogr'afoc po`u >exakolouje~i n`a stoiqeiojete~i s`e monotupik`ec
+mhqan'ec: {\tengs T`o polutonik`o st`hn tupograf'ia >'eqei m'ia
+>omorfi`a >axep'erasth!}  <'Osoi loip`on param'enete >erast`ec to~u
+palio~u polutoniko~u sust'hmatoc, >agal\-li'a\-sa\-te!  <'Osoi t`o
+>apeqj'aneste, d`en >'eqete par`a st`a dik'a sac >'entupa n`a b'azete
+<'enan ka`i m'onon <'enan t'ono.
+
+St`hn paro~usa met'afrash bo'hjhsan >'amesa >`h >'emmesa tre~ic f'iloi
+po`u <o metafrast`hc j`a >'hje\-le n`a katanom'a\-sei.  Pr'okeitai gi`a
+t`on Kwst`h I.\NB Druller'akh, po`u >'eqei fti'axei t`o pak'eto
+\greektex, t`on Gi'annh Qaral'ampouc, t`on dhmiourg`o poll~wn
+<ellhnik~wn ka`i >'allwn grammatoseir~wn to~u {\rm \TeX}, ka`i t`on
+>Ap'ostolo Sur'opoulo, <idrut`h to~u Sull'ogou <Ell'hnwn F'ilwn to~u
+{\rm \TeX}\null.  <O S'ullogoc a>ut'oc, po`u dhmiourg'hjhke m'olic t`o
+1997, prosf'erei pol'utimh bo'hjeia s`e <'osouc j'eloun n`a >asqolhjo~un
+m`e t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <ellhnik~wn >ent'upwn m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null. 
+<H die'ujuns'h tou e>~inai:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\centerline{S'ullogoc <Ell'hnwn F'ilwn to~u {\rm \TeX}}
+\centerline{(<Up'' <'oyh >A. Sur'opoulou)}
+\centerline{28hc >Oktwbr'iou 366}
+\centerline{671 00 X'anjh}
+\centerline{\rm e-mail: {\tt eft@platon.ee.duth.gr}}
+\centerline{\rm http://{\tt obelix.ee.duth.gr/eft}}
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\rightline{--- D.F.}
+\rightline{M'aioc 1997}   
+
+\section{Perieq'omena}
+
+\line{E>isagwg`h \dotfill{} {\rm i}}
+\line{E>isagwg`h st`hn <ellhnik`h met'afrash \dotfill{} {\rm iii}}
+\line{Perieq'omena \dotfill{} {\rm v}}
+\line{1.\ T`o xek'inhma \dotfill{} 1}
+\line{\qquad{}1.1 T'i e>~inai t`o {\rm\TeX} ka`i t'i d`en e>~inai \dotfill{} 1}
+\line{\qquad{}1.2 >Ap`o t`o >arqe~io {\rm\TeX} st`o >'entupo, <h meg'alh <etoimas'ia \dotfill{} 2}
+\line{\qquad{}1.3 Ka'i\dots\ f'ugame! \dotfill{} 4}
+\line{\qquad{}1.4 T`o {\rm\TeX} >el'egqei t`a p'anta \dotfill{} 7}
+\line{\qquad{}1.5 T'i d`en k'anei t`o {\rm\TeX} \dotfill{} 9}
+\line{2.\ <'Oloi o<i qarakt~hrec, meg'aloi ka`i mikro`i \dotfill{} 10}
+\line{\qquad{}2.1 Meriko`i qarakt~hrec e>~inai pi`o ((sp'esial)) \dotfill{} 10}
+\line{\qquad{}2.2 Stoiqeiojes'ia tonik~wn shme'iwn \dotfill{} 11}
+\line{\qquad{}2.3 Tele~iec, pa~ulec, e>isagwgik'a\dots\ \dotfill{} 14}
+\line{\qquad{}2.4 T'upoi stoiqe'iwn \dotfill{} 16}
+\line{3.\ <H di'ataxh t~wn pragm'atwn \dotfill{} 21}
+\line{\qquad{}3.1 Mon'adec, mon'adec, mon'adec \dotfill{} 21}
+\line{\qquad{}3.2 <H di'ataxh t~hc sel'idac \dotfill{} 22}
+\line{\qquad{}3.3 <H di'ataxh t~hc paragr'afou \dotfill{} 24}
+\line{\qquad{}3.4 <H di'ataxh t~hc >ar'adac \dotfill{} 29}
+\line{\qquad{}3.5 <Uposhmei'wseic \dotfill{} 31}
+\line{\qquad{}3.6 <H kefal`h ka`i t`o p'odi t~hc sel'idac \dotfill{} 33}
+\line{\qquad{}3.7 X'eqeila ka`i >'adeia pla'isia \dotfill{} 32}
+\line{4.\ $\Bigl\{$S'unola, $\bigl\{$<upos'unola
+        $\{$ka`i <upo"upos'unola$\}\bigr\}\Bigr\}$ \dotfill{} 36}
+\line{5.\ Majhmatik`a qwr`ic >'agqoc! \dotfill{} 39}
+\line{\qquad{}5.1 Poll`a n'ea s'umbola \dotfill{} 39}
+\line{\qquad{}5.2 Kl'asmata \dotfill{} 45}
+\line{\qquad{}5.3 De~iktec ka`i >ekj'etec \dotfill{} 46}
+\line{\qquad{}5.4 R'izec, tetragwnik`ec ka`i >'allec \dotfill{} 47}
+\line{\qquad{}5.5 Gramm'ec, p'anw ka`i k'atw \dotfill{} 47}
+\line{\qquad{}5.6 <Oroj'etec, mikro`i ka`i meg'aloi \dotfill{} 48}
+\line{\qquad{}5.7 K'apoiec e>idik`ec sunart'hseic \dotfill{} 49}
+\line{\qquad{}5.8 >Ako'usate, >ako'usate! \dotfill{} 50}
+\line{\qquad{}5.9 Majhmatik`ec parat'axeic \dotfill{} 51}
+\line{\qquad{}5.10 Diakrit`ec kentrwm'enec >exis'wseic \dotfill{} 54}
+\line{6.\ Stoiqhje~ite! \dotfill{} 56}
+\line{\qquad{}6.1 Qrhsimopoi~hste t`o TAB \dotfill{} 56}
+\line{\qquad{}6.2 <Oriz'ontia sto'iqish m`e pi`o pol'uplokec mej'odouc \dotfill{} 60}
+\line{7.\ K'an'' to m'onoc sou \dotfill{} 64}
+\line{\qquad{}7.1 T`o makr`u ka`i t`o kont`o \dotfill{} 64}
+\line{\qquad{}7.2 Par'ametroi st`ic makroentol`ec \dotfill{} 67}
+\line{\qquad{}7.3 M`e <'ena >'allo >'onoma \dotfill{} 70}
+\line{8.\ T`a l'ajh e>~inai >anjr'wpina \dotfill{} 71}
+\line{\qquad{}8.1 T`o xeqasm'eno >ant'io \dotfill{} 71}
+\line{\qquad{}8.2 <H lanjasm'enh >`h >'agnwsth l'exh >el'egqou \dotfill{} 71}
+\line{\qquad{}8.3 <H lanjasm'enh grammatoseir`a \dotfill{} 73}
+\line{\qquad{}8.4 Majhmatik`a qwr`ic ta'iri \dotfill{} 74}
+\line{\qquad{}8.5 >Agk'ulec qwr`ic ta'iri \dotfill{} 75}
+\line{9.\ Sk'abontac l'igo baj'utera \dotfill{} 78}
+\line{\qquad{}9.1 Meg'ala ka`i mikr`a >arqe~ia \dotfill{} 78}
+\line{\qquad{}9.2 Megal'utera pak'eta {\rm macro} \dotfill{} 79}
+\line{\qquad{}9.3 <Oriz'ontiec ka`i katak'orufec gramm`ec \dotfill{} 81}
+\line{\qquad{}9.4 Pla'isia >ent`oc plais'iwn \dotfill{} 83}
+\line{10.\ P'ec mou to <ellhnik'a! \dotfill{} 89}
+\line{\qquad{}10.1 <H pi`o <apl`h l'ush \dotfill{} 90}
+\line{\qquad{}10.2 Gi`a k'ati kal'utero \dotfill{} 93}
+\line{\qquad{}10.3 K'apoioi sp'anioi <ellhniko`i qarakt~hrec \dotfill{} 96}
+\line{\qquad{}10.4 <H leptom'ereia po`u k'anei t`hn diafor`a \dotfill{} 97}
+\line{\qquad{}10.5 <Ellhnik`a majhmatik`a \dotfill{} 100}
+\line{\qquad{}10.6 Mikr`oc >ep'ilogoc gi`a >ep'idoxouc stoiqeioj'etec \dotfill{} 101}
+\line{11.\ Kat'alogoc >akolouji~wn >el'egqou \dotfill{} 103}
+\ifwritinganswers
+      \line{12.\ D~ws'' mou t`o q'eri sou \dotfill{} 106}
+\fi
+
+\section{T`o xek'inhma}
+
+\subsection{T'i e>~inai t`o {\lsecfont \TeX} ka`i t'i d`en e>~inai}
+
+>Arqik'a, >`ac do~ume poi'a e>~inai t`a >apara'ithta b'hmata gi`a  
+t`hn paragwg`h <en`oc >ent'upou m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  T`o pr~wto    
+b~hma e>~inai n`a <etoim'asoume <'ena >arqe~io t`o <opo~io j`a diab'asei
+t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  A>ut`o sun'hjwc >apokale~itai {\tengs >arqe~io
+{\sl \TeX}} >`h ka`i {\tengs >arqe~io to~u k'wdika\/} ({\rm source
+code}), ka`i mporo~ume n`a t`o <etoim'asoume m`e <'ena <opoiod'hpote
+<apl`o pr'ogramma s'untaxhc keim'enou {\rm ASCII} ({\rm text editor},
+<'opwc p.q., t`o {\rm EMACS}, k.>'a.)  M'alista, >e`an d`en
+qrhsi\-mopoio~ume k'apoio pr'ogramma s'untaxhc keim'enou, >all`a k'apoio
+pr'ogramma >epexargas'iac keim'enou (p.q., t`o {\rm WordPerfect},
+k.>'a.), t'ote >`ac pros'exoume t`o >arqe~io {\rm \TeX} n`a t`o s'wsoume
+<wc >arqe~io {\rm ASCII} ka`i m'onon, <'wste n`a m`hn peri'eqei
+k'apoiouc per'iergouc qarakt~hrec, qam'ogela, k.lp., to`uc <opo'iouc
+d`en katalaba'inei t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  Kat'opin, pr'epei n`a tr'exoume
+t`o pr'ogramma {\rm \TeX}, t`o <opo~io  diab'azei t`on k'wdika ka`i
+par'agei t`o ((>arqe~io {\rm DVI})) (<h >onomas'ia {\rm DVI} pro'erqetai
+>ap`o t`on <'oro {\rm DeVice Independent}, po`u st`hn >Ag\-gli\-k`h
+shma'i\-nei ((anex'arthto mhqan'hmatoc)){}).  T`o >arqe~io {\rm DVI}
+e>~inai >ad'unato n`a t`o diab'asei >'an\-jrwpoc; t`o >arqe~io {\rm DVI}
+diab'azetai m'ono >ap`o <'ena >'allo pr'ogramma, t`o >apokalo'umeno
+{\tengs <odhg`oc mhqan'hmatoc\/} ({\rm device driver}), po`u
+par'agei ka`i t`o telik`o >'entupo t`o <opo~io mporo~ume n`a 
+diab'asoume\TeXref{23}. Giat'i n`a <up'arqei a>ut`o t`o >arqe~io {\rm
+DVI}\null?  Giat`i t`o >'idio {\rm DVI} mporo~ume n`a t`o
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume gi`a n`a do~ume t`o dhmio'urghm'a mac st`hn >oj'onh
+to~u termatiko~u >`h to~u proswpiko~u mac <upologist~h, >`h gi`a n`a t`o
+>ektup'wsoume s`e m'ia mhqan`h fwtos'unjeshc. >E`an t`o >apo\-t'e\-lesma
+st`hn >oj'onh <ikanopoie~i t`o go~usto mac, mporo~ume n`a e>'imaste
+b'e\-baioi p`wc t`o >apo\-t'elesma t~hc ekt'upwshc st`hn mhqan`h
+fwtos'unjeshc, s`e <'enan >ektupwt`h {\rm laser} >`h s`e
+<opoio\-d'h\-pote >'allo >ektupwtik`o mhq'anhma j`a e>~inai <ol'oidio.  
+<'Otan >'eqoume >'hdh fti'axei t`o >arqe~io {\rm DVI} d`en qrei'azetai
+n`a xanatr'exoume t`o pr'ogramma {\rm \TeX}.
+
+Sqhmatik'a, <h <'olh diadikas'ia, >ap`o t`hn s'untaxh to~u k'wdika      
+>'ewc t`hn >ekt'upwsh, >'eqei <wc >ex~hc:
+$$
+{{\hbox{s'untaxh\quad} \atop \hbox{k'wdika\quad}} \atop \longrightarrow}
+\lower .6cm \makebox{1.5cm}{1.5cm}%
+{\vbox{\hbox to 1.5cm{\hfil >arqe~io\hfil}
+       \hbox to 1.5cm{\hfil k'wdika\hfil}
+       \hbox to 1.5cm{\hfil {\rm \TeX}\hfil}}
+}%    
+{\hbox{\quad pr'ogramma {\rm \TeX}\quad} \atop \longrightarrow}
+\lower .6cm \makebox{1.5cm}{1.5cm}%
+{\vbox{\hbox to 1.5cm{\hfil >arqe~io\hfil}
+       \hbox to 1.5cm{\hfil {\rm DVI}\hfil}}
+}%
+{{\hbox{<odhg`oc} \atop \hbox{\quad mhqan'hmatoc\quad}} \atop \longrightarrow}
+\lower .6cm \makebox{1.5cm}{1.5cm}%
+{\vbox{\hbox to 1.5cm{\hfil >'entupo\hfil}}
+       %
+}%
+$$
+
+A>ut`o shma'inei <'oti d`en mporo~ume n`a do~ume t`o >'entupo st`hn     
+telik'h tou morf`h kaj`wc sunt'assoume t`on k'wdika {\rm \TeX} st`o     
+termatik`o >`h st`on proswpik'o mac <upologist'h.  >All`a <h <upomon'h  
+mac st`o t'eloc >antamo'ibetai:  poll`a >ap`o t`a s'umbola po`u d`en
+<up'arqoun sto`uc koino`uc >epexergast`ec keim'enou, <up'arqoun st`o    
+{\rm \TeX}\null.  >Ekt`oc >ap`o a>ut'o, <h stoiqeiojes'ia to~u >ent'upou
+mac g'inetai m`e >exairetik`h >akr'ibeia ka`i t`a >arqe~ia t~wn kwd'ikwn
+mac mporo~ume n`a t`a ste'iloume >ap`o t`hn m'ia >'akrh t~hc g~hc st`hn
+>'allh e>'ite m'esw| <en`oc mikro~u magnhtiko~u d'iskou  (m'iac koin~hc
+disk'etac) e>'ite (pol`u pi`o gr'hgora) m'esw| >hlektroniko~u
+taqudrome'iou.
+
+S`e <eto~uto t`o >egqeir'idio, j`a >epikentr'wsoume t`hn prosoq'h mac    
+st`hn dhmiourg'ia to~u >arqe'iou (to~u k'wdika) {\rm \TeX} ka`i st`o    
+tr'eximo to~u >'idiou to~u progr'ammatoc {\rm \TeX} gi`a t`hn paragwg`h 
+sugke\-krim'enwn >apotele\-sm'atwn s`e <'ena f'ul\-lo qartio~u.     
+<Up'arqoun d'uo tr'opoi m`e to`uc <opo'iouc mpore~i n`a tr'exei kane`ic 
+t`o {\rm \TeX}: <wc >adi'aleipto ({\rm batch}) >`h <wc                 
+>al\-lhlo\-epidr'on ({\rm interactive}) pr'ogramma.  >E`an j'eloume t`o 
+ {\rm \TeX} n`a tr'exei m'ono tou <wc >adi'aleipto, t'ote d'inoume st`on
+<upologist`h t`o >arqe~io m`e t`on k'wdika {\rm \TeX}; kat'opin t`o
+pr'ogramma {\rm \TeX} >epexerg'azetai t`o sugkekrim'eno >arqe~io ka`i
+sta\-ma\-t'a\-ei m'onon <'o\-tan >'eqei te\-lei'w\-sei t`hn
+>epexergas'ia ka`i >'eqei <etoim'asei t`o kat'al\-lh\-lo >ar\-qe~io {\rm
+DVI}\null.  <'Otan t`o pr'ogramma tr'eqei <wc >al\-lhlo\-epidr`on m`e
+t`on qr'hsth, <o teleuta~ioc mpore~i <opoia\-d'hpote stigm`h n`a
+diak'oyei t`o {\rm \TeX} ka`i n`a k'anei metabol`ec st`on k'wdika po`u
+t`o {\rm \TeX} >epexer\-g'azetai, dhl.\ <o qr'hsthc mpore~i st`hn
+per'iptwsh a>ut`h n`a >allhloepidr~a m`e t`o  pr'ogramma.  T`o n`a
+qrhsimopoio~ume t`o {\rm \TeX} <wc >allhloepidr'on, m~ac >epitr'epei
+t`hn stigmia'ia di'orjwsh to~u keim'enou; st`hn per'iptwsh po`u t`o {\rm
+\TeX} doule'uei <wc >adi'aleipto, t'ote k'anei <'opoiec diorj'wseic
+jewre~i >apara'ithtec >ap`o m'ono tou ka`i <'oso pi`o kal'utera mpore~i.
+<'Olec o<i >ekd'oseic to~u {\rm \TeX} po`u kukloforo~un gi`a          
+proswpiko`uc <upologist'ec, kaj`wc ka`i >ark'etec po`u kukloforo~un gi`a
+meg'ala <upo\-lo\-gistik`a d'iktua, dou\-le'u\-oun <wc >allhlo\-epidr'onta
+progr'am\-mata.  <Wst'oso, s`e <orism'ena d'iktua po`u qrhsimopoio~un   
+leitourgik`a sust'hmata <'opwc t`o {\rm MVS}, <o m'onoc tr'opoc
+po`u mporo~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai <wc
+>adi'aleipto pr'ogramma.
+
+\subsection{>Ap`o t`o >arqe~io {\lsecfont \TeX} st`o >'entupo,
+<h meg'alh <etoimas'ia}
+
+\vskip\baselineskip                           
+
+{\parskip = 0pt \noindent
+[Shme'iwsh to~u suggraf'ea ka`i to~u metafrast~h:
+{\tengs A>ut`h e>~inai <h m'onh par'agrafoc to~u <'olou >egqeirid'iou   
+<'opou g'inetai >anafor`a s`e m'ia sugkekrim'enh >'ekdosh (<'ena
+pak'eto) {\sl \TeX} <h <opo'ia e>~inai kat'al\-lhlh m'ono gi`a
+upologist`ec m`e <'ena <orism'eno leitourgik`o s'usthma.  >E`an <o
+<upologist`hc po`u qrhsimopoie~ite doule'uei m`e diaforetik`o
+leitourgik`o s'usthma >`h <h dik'h sac >'ekdosh to~u {\sl \TeX} e>~inai
+diaforetik'h, t'ote <h par'agrafoc <eto'uth mpore~i n`a >antikatastaje~i
+>ap`o t`on dik'o sac ((topik`o <odhg`o qr'hshc)) ({\sl local guide}). 
+Jumhje~ite p`wc <'enac swst`oc topik`oc odhg`oc pr'epei n`a peri'eqei
+t`ic parak'atw plhrofor'iec:
+
+\item{$\bullet$} Poi'a e>~inai t`a >arqik`a proparaskeuastik`a b'hmata
+  po`u pr'epei n`a >akolouj'hsei <o qr'hsthc <'wste n`a tr'exei kat'opin
+  m`e >epituq'ia t`o {\sl \TeX} ka`i to`uc kat'al\-lhlouc <odhgo`uc
+  mhqa\-nhm'atwn gi`a t`hn pr'obleyh >`h t`hn >ekt'upwsh to~u
+  >ent'upou tou.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} P~wc mpore~i n`a tr'exei k'apoioc t`o {\sl \TeX}.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} P~wc diab'azetai t`o >arqe~io {\tt .log}, <'opou
+  katagr'afontai leptom'ereiec <'opwc sf'almata st`on k'wdika, k.>'a.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} P~wc mpore~i n`a de~i <o qr'hsthc t`o >'entup'o tou
+  st`hn >oj'onh tou, ka`i p~wc mporei n`a t`o tup'wsei st`on >ektupwt'h.
+
+T`o parak'atw ke'imeno >anaf'eretai st`hn qr'hsh <en`oc pol`u           
+dhmofilo~uc pak'etou {\sl \TeX}, to~u {\sl em\TeX} po`u proor'izetai
+gi`a proswpiko`uc <upologist`ec po`u leitourgo~un m`e t`o {\sl MS-DOS}
+>`h t`o {\sl OS/2}.%
+}% end slanted
+]
+}% end parskip = 0
+
+S`e <eto'uth t`hn par'agrafo, j`a do~ume p~wc mpore~i n`a tr'exei       
+kane`ic t`o {\rm \TeX} s`e <'enan proswpik`o <upologist`h m`e           
+leitourgik`o s'usthma {\rm MS-DOS} >`h {\rm OS/2}.  <Upot'ijetai        
+<'oti >'eqoume k'anei pr~wta swst`a t`hn >egkat'astash to~u
+pak'etou {\rm em\TeX} st`on <upologist'h mac (m`e t`ic >apara'ithtec
+>allag`ec st`a >arqe~ia {\tt autoexec.bat} ka`i {\tt config.sys}), p`wc 
+>'eqoume st`hn di'ajes'h mac <'ena kat'al\-lhlo pr'ogramma s'untaxhc
+keim'enou {\rm ASCII} (p.q., t`o {\tt edit} tou {\rm MS-DOS}, k'apoia
+parallag`h to~u {\rm EMACS} gi`a t`o {\rm MS-DOS}, k.>'a.), ka`i <'oti  
+gnwr'izoume p~wc n`a qeirisjo~ume a>ut`o t`o teleuta~io pr'ogramma.   
+
+>Ef'' <'oson <'ola t`a parap'anw >alhje'uoun, <or'iste poi'a e>~inai t`a
+b'hmata po`u pr'epei n`a >ako\-lou\-jo~ume {\tengb k'aje for`a} po`u
+j'eloume n`a <etoim'asoume <'ena >'entupo m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}
+(plh\-ktro\-lo\-go~ume st`on <upologist`h m'onon <'o,ti st`o parak'atw
+ke'imeno >emfan'izetai m`e stoiqe~ia gra\-fo\-mhqa\-n~hc):
+
+\item{(1)} Dhmiourgo~ume m`e t`o pr'ogramma s'untaxhc keim'enou ({\rm
+  text editor}) t`o >arqe~io m`e t`on k'wdika {\rm \TeX}.
+
+\item{(2)} >Apojhke'uoume t`o >arqe~io m`e <'ena <opoiod'hpote <'onoma
+  ka`i pro'ektama {\tt .tex} (p.q., {\tt src.tex}) ka`i >egkatale'ipoume
+  t`o pr'ogramma s'untaxhc.
+
+\item{(3)} D'inoume t`o >arqe~io a>ut`o st`o pr'ogramma {\rm \TeX} gi`a
+>epexergas'ia m`e t`hn >entol'h:
+    \itemitem{} $>$ {\tt tex src}
+
+M`e t`hn teleuta'ia >entol'h, xekin~a n`a tr'eqei t`o {\rm \TeX} ka`i   
+di'afora mhn'umata >emfan'izontai suneq~wc st`hn >oj'onh mac. St`o
+t'eloc, >e`an <'ola p~ane kal'a, >e`an dhl.\ t`o >arqe~io to~u k'wdika  
+d`en peri'eqei sf'almata po`u d`en mpore~i n`a t`a diorj'wsei m'ono tou
+t`o {\rm \TeX}, j`a l'aboume <'ena m'hnuma s`an t`o parak'atw:
+
+\beginuser
+Output written on src.dvi (3 pages, 1230 bytes)
+Transcript written on scr.log.
+\enduser
+
+<'Otan l'aboume a>ut`o t`o m'hnuma st`hn >oj'onh mac, t'ote mporo~ume
+n`a diab'asoume m`e t`o pr'ogramma s'untaxhc keim'enou {\rm ASCII} t`o
+>arqe~io {\tt src.log}.  St`o {\tt src.log} >'eqoun katagrafe~i pijan`a
+sf'almata t`a <opo~ia br~hke t`o {\rm \TeX} st`o >arqe~io to~u k'wdika,
+<'opwc >ep'ishc o<i diorj'wseic po`u >'eginan, o<i <'opoiec dik'ec mac
+paramb'aseic, k.lp.  M`e l'iga l'ogia, t`o >arqe~io {\tt src.log}
+e>~inai t`o {\tengs >arqe~io >anafor~ac\/} >`h t`o ((<hmerol'ogio
+katastr'wmatoc)) to~u {\rm \TeX}. 
+
+\item{(4)}  Telik'a, >e`an t`o >arqe~io to~u k'wdik'a mac d`en peri'eqei
+kan'ena sobar`o sf'alma, t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a <etoim'asei ka`i <'ena
+>ak'oma >arqe~io m`e t`o >'onoma: {\tt src.dvi}.  A>ut`o t`o >arqe~io
+mporo~ume n`a t`o do~ume st`hn >oj'onh mac.  >Arke~i n`a d'wsoume t`hn
+>entol'h:
+\itemitem{} $>$ {\tt dviscr @lj.cnf src}
+
+Mporo~ume >ak'oma ka`i n`a t`o tup'wsoume m`e t`hn >entol'h:
+\itemitem{} $>$ {\tt dvihplj @lj.cnf src}
+
+Prosoq'h: o<i d'uo parap'anw >entol`ec e>~inai kat'allhlec m'onon     
+st`hn per'iptwsh po`u >'eqoume >ektupwt`h {\rm Hewlett Packard          
+Laser\-Jet} >`h >'allon sumbat`o m`e a>ut`o t`o mont'elo.  >E`an d`en   
+>'eqoume a>uto~u to~u e>'idouc >ektupwt~h, t'ote kal`o j`a >~htan n`a   
+sumbouleujo~ume t`o >arqe~io {\tt dvidrv.doc} po`u br'isketai st`on    
+kat'alogo {\tt \\emtex\\doc\\english}.  >Eke~i, j`a bro~ume plhrofor'iec
+gi`a t`o p~wc n`a tup'wsoume t`o >'entup'o mac s`e >'allou e>'idouc
+>ektupwt'h.
+
+\def\bdots{$\textfont0=\tenbf \ldots$} %%% boldface version of \ldots
+%
+\subsection{Ka'i\bdots\ f'ugame!}
+
+Skop`oc loip`on to~u paiqnidio~u mac e>~inai <h dhmiourg'ia (s'untaxh)  
+katall'hlwn >arqe'iwn (kwd'ikwn) {\rm \TeX} t`a <opo~ia j`a m~ac d'wsoun
+telik`a <'ena >'entupo st`hn morf`h po`u >eme~ic >epiju\-mo~ume. <'Omwc
+m`e t'i moi'azei <o k'wdikac {\rm \TeX}\null?  <'Ena >arqe~io k'wdika
+{\rm \TeX} peri\-'eqei m'ono lati\-niko`uc qara\-kt~h\-rec po`u
+mporo~ume n`a daktulo\-graf'h\-soume s`e <'ena <opoio\-d'hpote
+plhktrol'ogio: mikr`a gr'ammata ka`i kefala~ia, >arijmo'uc, shme~ia
+st'ixhc ka`i tonik`a shme~ia, m`e l'iga l'ogia <'olouc to`uc
+sunhjism'enouc qarakt~hrec {\rm ASCII}\null.  <'Ena <apl`o >agglik`o
+ke'imeno daktulografe~itai <'opwc ka`i s`e m'ia gra\-fo\-mh\-qa\-n'h.   
+E>idik`ec >entol`ec d'inontai st`o pr'ogramma {\rm \TeX} m`e meriko`uc  
+{\tengs e>idiko`uc qara\-kt~hrec\/} <'opwc t`o ((karr`e)) {\tt \#} ka`i
+t`o ((ka`i)) {\tt \&} (<'olouc to`uc e>idiko`uc qara\-kt~hrec j`a to`uc
+>exet'asoume >analutik'wtera st`a <ep'omena kef'alaia).  <Or'iste <'ena
+par'adeigma <en`oc >arqe'iou {\rm \TeX}:
+\beginuser
+Here is my first \\TeX\\ sentence.
+\\bye
+\enduser       
+\toindex{TeX{} } \toindex{ }
+                    
+>Arqik`a bl'epoume <'oti <'oloi o<i qarakt~hrec to~u parade'igmatoc  
+moi'azoun s`an n`a >'eqoun grafe~i m`e t`hn gra\-fo\-mh\-qan'h.  (S`e
+<'ola t`a parade'igmata po`u >akoloujo~un s`e <eto~uto t`o
+>eg\-qei\-r'i\-dio, <'o,ti >emfan'izetai m`e stoiqe~ia
+gra\-fo\-mh\-qa\-n~hc <upot'ijetai p`wc t`o plh\-ktro\-log\-o~ume st`o
+termatik`o >`h st`on proswpik'o mac  <upologist'h.)  Kat`a de'utero
+l'ogo, >`ac pros'exoume p`wc <o qarakt'hrac t~hc >antipl'agiac gramm~hc
+{\tt \\} (st`hn >Agglik'h, >all`a ka`i st`hn >argk`o t~hc plhroforik~hc,
+<o qarakt'hrac a>ut`oc >onom'azetai {\rm backslash}) >emfan'izetai
+tre~ic for`ec st`o par'adeigma.  S'untoma pr'okeitai n`a do~ume <'oti <h
+>antipl'agia e>~inai <'enac >ap`o to`uc e>idiko`uc qarakt~hrec po`u
+pro\-ana\-f'erame.  Loip'on, >`ac fti'axoume <'ena >arqe~io {\rm ASCII}
+po`u n`a peri'eqei t`o parap'anw par'adeigma. >`Ac t`o tr'exoume
+kat'opin m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} gi`a n`a fti'axoume t`o >arqe~io {\rm
+DVI}\null.  T'eloc, m`e t`on kat'allhlo <odhg'o, >`ac t`o tup'wsoume.
+>E`an <'ola p~ane kal'a, j`a l'aboume st`a q'eria mac m'ia tupwm'enh
+sel'ida m`e t`hn >ex~hc fr'ash:
+
+{\rm Here is my first \TeX\ sentence.}
+
+St`o k'atw m'eroc to~u f'ullou, j`a pr'epei >ep'ishc n`a <up'arqei ka`i 
+<o >arijm`oc t~hc sel'idac.  >E`an t`a kataf'erame, m~ac >ax'izoun
+sug\-qarht'hria!  >Ap`o t`hn stigm`h po`u mpor'esame n`a <etoim'asoume
+<'ena t'etoio <apl`o >'entupo m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}, e>~inai j'ema l'igou
+qr'onou m'eqri n`a ft'asoume st`o shme~io n`a stoiqeiojeto~ume t`a
+pl'eon pol'uploka >'entupa. T'wra <'omwc >`ac sugkr'inoume t'i d'wsame
+>eme~ic st`o {\rm \TeX} ka`i t'i m~ac >ep'estreye a>ut'o.  T`ic <apl`ec
+>agglik`ec l'exeic t`ic plh\-ktro\-log'h\-same st`on k'wdik'a mac <wc
+>'eqoun, dhl.\ qwr`ic t'ipota t`o >idia'itero, ka`i t`o {\rm \TeX} m~ac
+t`ic stoiqeioj'ethse m`e <aplo`uc >'orjiouc qarakt~hrec (<'opwc j`a
+do~ume parak'atw pr'okeitai gi`a qarakt~hrec t'upou {\rm roman}). 
+>All`a <'omwc, t`hn l'exh (({\rm \TeX})), t`hn <opo'ia d`en mporo~ume
+n`a t`hn plhktrolog'hsoume st`o termatik`o mi~ac ka`i o<i qarakt~hrec
+thc, {\rm T}, {\rm E} ka`i {\rm X}, d`en br'iskontai st`hn >'idia
+<oriz'ontia e>uje'ia gramm'h, t`hn gr'ayame <wc m'ia l'exh po`u xekin~a
+m`e t`on e>idik`o qarakt'hra t~hc >antipl'agiac.  >Ex a>it'iac a>ut~hc
+t~hc antipl'agiac, t`o {\rm \TeX} kat'alabe <'oti <h l'exh {\tt \\TeX}
+e>~inai k'ati t`o e>idik`o ka`i >'epraxe kat'allhla.  T`a periss'otera
+s'umbola t`a <opo~ia d`en e>~inai koin`a gr'ammata, >arijmo`i >`h
+shme~ia st'ixhc t`a gr'afoume st`on k'wdika (>arqe~io {\rm \TeX}) <wc
+l'exeic po`u t`o pr~wto touc gr'amma e>~inai <h >antipl'agia gramm'h. 
+>E`an pros'exoume l'igo >ak'oma periss'otero, j`a do~ume p`wc ka`i <h
+l'exh (({\rm first})) >'eqei >all'axei:\TeXref{4} t`a d'uo pr~wta
+gr'ammat'a thc >'eqoun <enwje~i ma\-z`i ka`i d`en <up'arqei <h diakrit`h
+tele'ia >ep'anw >ap`o t`o gr'amma (({\rm i})). A>ut`h e>~inai m'ia
+koin`h praktik`h t~wn tupogr'afwn; <orism'enoi sunduasmo`i gramm'atwn
+ka`i >'allwn tupografik~wn stoiqe'iwn >anti\-kaji\-st~w\-ntai >ap`o
+<'ena stoiqe~io t`o <opo~io >apokale~itai st`hn >Agglik`h {\rm ligature}
+ka`i st`hn <Ellhnik`h {\tengs s'unjeto\/} >`h {\tengs pol\-la\-pl`o
+stoiqe~io}. <O l'ogoc <'uparxhc t~wn s'unjetwn stoiqe'iwn e>~inai
+kajar`a a>isjhtik'oc; >arke~i n`a sugkr'inoume t`a d'uo pr~wta gr'ammata
+t~hc l'exhc (({\rm first})) m`e t`a >ant'istoiqa t~hc l'exhc (({\rm
+f{}irst})), gi`a n`a do~ume t`hn diafor'a.  T'eloc, s''\NB a>ut`o t`o
+mikr`o par'adeigma, <up'arqei <h l'exh {\tt \\bye}\toindex{bye} <h
+<opo'ia d`en m~ac d'inei t'ipota st`o f'ullo to~u qartio~u po`u      
+>'eqoume st`a q'eria mac.  A>ut`h <h >entol'h --- giat`i per`i >entol~hc
+pr'okeitai --- <apl`a l'eei st`o {\rm \TeX} <'oti st`o shme~io a>ut`o
+telei'wnei t`o ke'imeno po`u e>~inai pr`oc stoi\-qeio\-j'e\-thsh.  J`a
+m'ajoume pol`u periss'oterec t'etoiec >entol`ec kaj`wc j`a proqwro~ume
+<'olo ka`i baj'utera st`a mustik`a to~u {\rm \TeX}.
+
+>`Ac r'ixoume <'omwc m'ia mati`a ka`i st`o >arqe~io {\tt .log} po`u m~ac
+dhmio'urghse t`o {\rm\TeX}\null.  T`o >ar\-qe~io a>ut`o mpore~i n`a      
+diaf'erei >ap`o >'ekdosh s`e >'ekdosh to~u {\rm \TeX} gi`a
+diaforetiko`uc <upologist`ec ka`i diaforetik`a leitourgik`a sust'hmata.  
+<'Omwc genik'a, j`a pr'epei n`a de'iqnei k'apwc >'etsi:
+\beginuser
+1.\ This is TeX, Vers.\ 3.14159 (preloaded format=plain 92.6.8) 97.1.18 12:10
+2.\ **src
+3.\ (src.tex [1] )
+4.\ Output written on src.dvi (1 page, 256 bytes).
+\enduser
+
+<'Opwc >'hdh >anaf'erame, a>ut`o e>~inai t`o >arqe~io po`u j`a          
+peri'eqei <'ola t`a mhn'umata gi`a sf'al\-mata st`on k'wdik'a mac. St`hn
+>ar'ada 3, t`o {\tt (src.tex\ } de'iqnei <'oti t`o {\rm \TeX} >'arqise
+n`a diab'azei a>ut`o t`o >arqe~io.  <H parous'ia to~u {\tt [1]} de'iqnei
+<'oti <h selida\NB 1 >'eqei >'hdh stoiqeiojethje~i. >E`an <up~hrqan
+l'ajh st`hn sel'ida\NB 1, j`a e>'iqan katagrafe~i s''\NB a>ut`o >akrib~wc
+t`o shme~io.
+
+\exercise Prosj'este m'ia >ak'oma pr'otash st`o >arqik`o par'adeigma,
+>'etsi <'wste t`o >arqe~io {\rm \TeX} n`a de'iqnei <wc >ex~hc:
+\beginuser
+Here is my first \\TeX\\ sentence.
+I was the one who typeset it!
+\\bye
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+Tr'exte t`o {\rm \TeX} ka`i de~ite t`o >apot'elesma.  E>~inai <h
+de'uterh pr'otash stoiqeiojethm'enh s`e m'ia n'ea >ar'ada?
+
+\exercise T'wra prosj'este t`hn parak'atw >entol`h st`o >arqe~io:
+\beginuser
+\\nopagenumbers
+\enduser
+
+\noindent 
+Mant'eyte t'i j`a sumbe~i <'otan j`a tr'exete t`o n'eo >arqe~io to~u
+k'wdika m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  T'wra, doki\-m'aste st`hn pr'axh n`a
+de~ite t'i >akrib~wc sumba'inei.
+\toindex{nopagenumbers}
+
+\exercise Prosj'este tre~ic >`h t'esseric >ak'oma prot'aseic st`on     
+k'wdika (dhl.\ st`o >arqe~io).  Qrhsimopoi~hste latinik`a gr'ammata,
+>arijmo'uc, tele~iec, k'ommata, >erwthmatik`a ka`i jau\-ma\-sti\-k'a,
+>all`a >'oqi >'allou e>'idouc s'umbola (>idia'itera >apof'ugete n`a
+b'al\-lete <ellhnik`a gr'am\-ma\-ta --- gi''\NB a>ut`a j`a mil'hsoume
+sto kef'alaio\NB 10!).
+
+\exercise >Af~hste m'ia ken`h >ar'ada ka`i prosj'este kat'opin merik`ec 
+>ak'oma prot'aseic.  >'Etsi j`a de~ite p~wc mpore~ite n`a l'abete st`o
+>'entup'o sac n'eec paragr'afouc.                
+\medskip
+
+>'Eqoume de~i m'eqric >ed~w t`hn basik`h >arq`h gi`a t`hn <etoimas'ia   
+to~u k'wdika (>`h >arqe'iou) {\rm\TeX}:  <h morf`h tou keim'enou st`on
+k'wdika {\rm \TeX} d`en e>~inai <h >'idia m`e a>ut`h to~u teliko~u
+>ent'upou. D`en mporo~ume, gi`a par'adeigma, n`a prosj'esoume
+megal'utero ken`o di'asthma metax`u d'uo l'exewn s`e m'ia >ar'ada to~u
+>ent'upou m`e t`o n`a b'aloume merik`a epipl'eon ken`a diast'hmata st`on
+k'wdika. <'Ena >`h ka`i peris\-s'otera ken`a diast'hmata st`on k'wdika
+j`a m~ac d'wsoun t`o >'idio ken`o di'asthma st`hn >ar'ada to~u >ent'upou.
+>Epipl'eon, <'opwc >'iswc j`a t`o perim'ename, m'ia l'exh st`o t'eloc
+m'iac gramm~hc to~u k'wdika d`en j`a <enwje~i m`e t`hn <ep'omenh l'exh
+st`o telik`o >'entupo.  M'alista, meri\-k`ec for`ec <'otan doule'uoume
+<'ena ke'imeno st`o <opo~io e>~inai pol`u pijan`o n`a g'inoun poll`ec
+ka`i sh\-manti\-k`ec >allag'ec, >'iswc e>~inai protim'wtero n`a gr'afoume
+k'aje pr'otash <wc m'ia xeqwrist`h >ar'ada.  <Wst'oso, ken`a
+diast'hmata st`hn >arq`h m'iac gramm~hc k'wdika, p'antote parabl'epontai
+>ap`o t`o {\rm\TeX}.
+
+\exercise Prosj'este t`hn parak'atw pr'otash <wc m'ia n'ea par'agrafo  
+st`on k'wdik'a sac ka`i kat'opin tr'exte t`o {\rm \TeX} gi`a n`a t`hn
+stoiqeiojet'hsei:
+\beginuser
+Congratulations! You received a grade of 100\% on your latest
+examination.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+T`o s'umbolo ((>ep`i to~ic <ekat`o)) {\tt\%} qrhsimopoie~itai gi`a
+sq'olia >ent`oc to~u >arqe'iou {\rm\TeX}\null.  <Oti\-d'h\-pote
+>akolouje~i met`a >ap`o a>ut`o t`o s'umbolo st`hn >'idia gramm`h to~u
+k'wdika parabl'epetai >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX}\null. >`Ac pros'exoume
+>ak'oma <'oti ka`i t`o ken`o di'asthma po`u kanonik`a qwr'izei t`hn
+teleuta'ia l'exh t~hc pr'wthc gramm~hc {\tt 100} >ap`o t`hn pr'wth
+l'exh t~hc de'uterhc gramm~hc {\tt examination} >'eqei qaje~i.  T'wra,
+>`ac b'aloume m'ia >antipl'agia >empr`oc >ap`o t`o s'umbolo {\tt\%} gi`a
+n`a diorjwje~i <h pr'otash.
+\toindex{\%}
+
+\exercise Prosj'este t`hn <ep'omenh pr'otash <wc m'ia n'ea par'agrafo:
+\beginuser
+You owe me \$10.00 and it's about time you sent it to me!
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+<H fr'ash t~hc teleuta'iac >'askhshc j`a m~ac d'wsei <'ena m'hnuma
+l'ajouc st`o >arqe~io  {\tt .log}. >E`an tr'eqoume t`o {\rm \TeX} <wc
+>allhloepidr'on, t'ote t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a m~ac d'wsei <'ena m'hnuma
+st`hn >oj'onh ka`i j`a diak'oyei t`hn leitour\-g'ia tou; st`hn
+per'iptwsh a>ut`h pr'epei n`a pi'esoume t`o pl~h\-ktro {\rm Enter} >`h 
+{\rm Return} gi`a n`a suneq'isei t`o {\rm \TeX} t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia to~u
+k'wdika.  <'Omwc, t`o >apot'elesma st`o qart`i d`en j`a e>~inai a>ut`o
+po`u perim'enoume.  >E`an >ano'ixoume ka`i diab'asoume t`o >arqe~io {\tt
+.log}, j`a p'aroume m'ia ge'ush p~wc katagr'afei t`a l'ajh mac t`o {\rm
+\TeX}\null. >All`a gi`a t`hn <'wra >`ac m`hn d'wsoume kam'ia shmas'ia
+st`o peri'e\-qomeno t~wn mhnum'atwn a>ut~wn, mi~ac ka`i j`a po~ume pol`u
+periss'otera pr'agmata gi`a l'ajh parak'atw (ka`i gi`a t`o sugkekrim'eno
+po`u m'olic e>'idame). Kal'utera, >`ac diorj'wsoume t`on k'wdik'a mac
+b'azontac m'ia >anti\-pl'a\-gia >empr`oc >ap`o t`o s'umbolo {\tt \$}
+ka`i >`ac xanatr'exoume t`o {\rm \TeX}\null. (<Up'arqoun l'igoi
+qara\-kt~hrec, <'opwc t`o ((>ep`i to~ic <ekat`o)) >`h t`o s'umbolo to~u
+dolar'iou, to`uc <opo'iouc qrhsi\-mopoie~i t`o {\rm \TeX} gi`a
+<orism'enouc e>idiko`uc skopo'uc.  S'untoma, j`a do~ume <'enan
+p'inaka m`e <'olouc a>uto`uc to`uc qarakt~hrec.)
+\toindex{\$}
+
+\subsection{T`o {\lsecfont \TeX} >el'egqei t`a p'anta}
+
+E>'idame parap'anw <'oti <h >antipl'agia >'eqei <'enan e>idik`o r'olo.  
+<Opoia\-d'hpote >akolouj'ia qa\-ra\-kt'hrwn xekin~a m`e t`hn
+>antipl'agia j`a diermhneuje~i kat`a tr'opo e>idik`o >ap`o t`o {\rm
+\TeX} <'otan t`o pr'ogramma a>ut`o diab'azei t`on k'wdik'a mac.  M'ia
+t'etoia seir`a qarakt'hrwn >apokale~itai {\tengs >ako\-louj'ia
+>el'egqou\/} ({\rm control sequence}) >`h {\tengs >entol'h\/} ({\rm
+command}).  M'alista, <up'arqoun d'uo t'upoi >ako\-louji~wn >el'egqou:
+m'ia {\tengs l'exh >el'egqou\/} ({\rm control word}) >apotele~itai >ap`o
+m'ia >anti\-pl'a\-gia >ako\-lou\-jo'u\-menh >am'eswc >ap`o m'ia seir`a
+latinik~wn gramm'atwn  (p.q., {\tt \\TeX}); <'ena {\tengs s'umbolo
+>el'egqou\/} ({\rm control symbol}) >apotele~itai >ap`o m'ia
+>anti\-pl'agia >ako\-lou\-jo'u\-menh >ap`o <'enan  ka`i monadik`o
+qarakt'hra po`u <'omwc d`en e>~inai gr'amma to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou
+(p.q., {\tt \\\$})\null.  Mi~ac ka`i t`o ken`o di'a\-sthma d`en e>~inai
+gr'amma to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou, m'ia >antipl'agia
+>ako\-lou\-jo'u\-menh >ap`o <'ena ken`o di'asthma >apotele~i gi`a t`o
+{\rm \TeX} <'ena kanonik`o s'umbolo >el'egqou.
+\TeXref{7--8}
+St`hn sun'eqeia <eto'utou to~u >egqeirid'iou, <'otan j`a j'e\-loume     
+n`a ton'isoume <'oti pr'ag\-mati <up'ar\-qei s`e k'apoio shme~io ken`o  
+di'asthma, j`a qrhsimopoio~ume t`o e>idik`o s'um\-bolo\NB {\tt\sp}\null.
+<O >'idioc sumbolism`oc <up'arqei ka`i st`o {\sl \TeX book}.
+
+<'Otan  t`o {\rm \TeX} diab'azei t`on k'wdik'a mac ka`i sunant~a m'ia
+>antipl'agia t~hc <opo'iac <'epetai <'ena latinik`o gr'amma, t'ote t`o  
+pr'ogramma >antilamb'anetai <'oti pr'okeitai gi`a m'ia l'exh >el'egqou. 
+T`o {\rm \TeX} suneq'izei n`a diab'azei t`a gr'ammata a>ut~hc t~hc      
+l'exhc <'ena-pr`oc-<'ena, >'ewc <'otou sunant'hsei k'apoion qarakt'hra
+po`u n`a m`hn >apotele~i gr'amma to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou.  Gi`a     
+par'adeigma, >e`an <o k'wdik'ac mac peri'eqei t`hn pr'otash
+
+\displaytext{\tt I like \\TeX!}
+
+\noindent
+<h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\TeX} termat'izetai >ap`o t`o jaumastik'o, t`o 
+<opo~io d`en >apo\-tele~i gr'amma to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou. <Wst'oso,
+a>ut`o m~ac dhmiourge~i <'ena pr'oblhma >e`an j'eloume n`a <up'arqei     
+<'ena ken`o di'asthma met`a >ap`o m'ia l'exh >el'egqou.  >'Estw, p.q.,
+<'oti >'eqoume t`hn pr'otash
+
+\displaytext{\tt I like \\TeX and use it all the time.}
+
+\noindent St`on k'wdika a>ut'o, <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\TeX}
+termat'izetai >ap`o <'ena ken`o di'asthma (t`o <opo~io, pro\-fa\-n~wc,
+d`en e>~inai gr'amma to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou).  Sunep~wc st`o
+>'entup'o mac, o<i l'exeic (({\rm\TeX})) ka`i (({\rm and})) j`a
+koll'hsoun metax'u touc.  T`o n`a prosj'esoume periss'otera ken`a
+diast'hmata metax`u t~wn d'uo l'exewn st`on k'wdika d`en >wfele~i s`e
+t'ipota, >epeid'h, <'opwc proanaf'erame, t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en k'anei
+di'akrish metax`u <en`oc >`h poll~wn ken~wn diasthm'atwn to~u k'wdika. 
+<'Omwc, m`e t`o n`a prosj'esoume m'ia >antipl'agia ka`i <'ena ken`o
+di'asthma (dhl.\ t`o s'umbolo >el'egqou {\tt\\\sp}) >am'eswc met`a t`hn
+l'exh >el'egqou, j`a d'wsoume st`o {\rm \TeX} n`a katal'abei <'oti <h
+l'exh >el'egqou tele'iwse ka`i j`a t`o >anagk'asoume n`a b'alei >eke~i
+<'ena ken`o di'asthma.  E>~inai pr'agmati pol`u e>'ukolo n`a xeqn~a
+kane`ic n`a b'azei k'ati <'opwc {\tt\\\sp} met`a >ap`o l'exeic >el'egqou
+--- st`a s'igoura <'oloi k'anoun a>ut`o t`o l'ajoc toul'aqiston m'ia
+for`a kaj`wc maja'inoun t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste <'enan k'wdika (>arqe~io) {\rm \TeX} po`u n`a s~ac
+d'wsei t`hn <ep'omenh par'agrafo:
+
+{\rm
+I like \TeX! Once you get the hang of it, \TeX{} is really easy to use.
+You just have to master the \TeX nical aspects.
+}
+
+O<i periss'oterec l'exeic >el'egqou >apotelo~un >agglik`a >akr'wnuma 
+po`u d'inoun k'apoia >'endeixh gi`a t`o t'i skop`o
+>exu\-phreto~un.  Gi`a par'a\-deigma, mpo\-ro~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume
+t`hn l'exh {\tt \\par} gi`a n`a dhl'wsoume <'oti xekino~ume m'ia n'ea
+par'agrafo, >ant`i n`a k'anoume a>ut`o >af'h\-nontac m'ia ken`h
+gramm`h st`on k'wdika.  Profan~wc, <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\par} >'eqei
+>onomasje~i >ap`o t`hn l'exh {\rm paragraph} (<h <opo'ia d`en e>~inai
+m'al\-lon >apokleistik`a >ag\-glik'h).
+\toindex{par}
+
+\subsection{T'i d`en k'anei t`o {\lsecfont \TeX}}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai >'aristo st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia >ent'upwn, >all`a  
+<up'arqoun <orism'ena pr'agmata st`a <opo~ia d`en e>~inai ka`i t'oso
+kal'o.  <'Ena >ap`o a>ut`a t`a pr'agmata e>~inai t`a sq'hmata. Mporo~ume
+n`a >af'hnoume meg'alouc keno`uc q'wrouc gi`a t`hn met'epeita >'enjesh
+sqhm'atwn, >all`a t`o >'idio t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en e>~inai pr'ogramma gi`a
+t`hn paragwg`h s'unjetwn grafik~wn parast'asewn.  <Wst'oso t`o {\rm
+\TeX} >epitr'epei t`hn a>ut'o\-math >'enjesh sqhm'atwn po`u peri'eqontai
+s`e >arqe~ia e>ik'onwn (p.q., >arqe~ia {\rm bitmap}) m`e t`hn l'exh
+>el'egqou {\tt \\special}\TeXref{228--229}, >all`a gi'' a>ut`o pr'epei
+n`a <up'arqei ka`i <o ka\-t'al\-lhloc <odhg`oc po`u n`a mpore~i n`a
+diab'azei t'etoiou e>'idouc >arqe~ia.
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} <etoim'azei p'anta >'entupa t~wn <opo'iwn o<i >ar'adec   
+e>~inai <oriz'ontiec ka`i pot`e pl'agiec.  M`e t`o {\rm \TeX}, e>~inai  
+genik`a >ad'unato n`a pro\-stejo~un s`e <'ena >'entupo katak'orufec
+>ar'adec, dhl.\ s`e t'etoia morf`h <'wste o<i gramm`ec b'ashc t~wn
+>ar'adwn n`a e>~inai par'allhlec m`e t`hn me\-ga\-l'u\-te\-rh pleu\-r`a
+to~u qartio~u.  M'ono <orism'enoi <odhgo`i mporo~un n`a kataf'eroun
+t'etoia >apotel'esmata  (p.q., <o <odhg`oc {\tt dvips} gi`a >ektu\-pwt`h
+{\rm Post\-Script}); t`o {\rm \TeX} >ap`o m'ono tou d`en mpore~i. 
+>Ep'ishc, t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en t`a kataf'ernei pol`u kal`a ka`i m`e t`ic
+megej'unseic t~wn stoiqe'iwn, t`hn qr'hsh stoiqe'iwn diaforetiko~u
+e>'idouc, dhl.\ diaforetik~wn {\tengs grammatoseir~wn}, ka`i t`ic
+parallag`ec t~wn grammatoseir~wn po`u >onom'azontai {\tengs t'upoi\/}
+(p.q., >'orjia, pl'agia, >'entona, k.>'a.). 
+
+E>'idame m'eqric >ed~w <'oti gi`a k'aje >'entupo po`u >'eqoume n`a 
+<etoim'asoume, <up'arqei <'enac k'ukloc >ergasi~wn po`u pr'epei n`a     
+>ektel'esoume: {\tengs s'untaxh k'wdika $\to$ tr'eximo to~u {\sl\TeX}
+$\to$ <od'hghsh s`e pr'o\-ble\-yh >`h >ekt'upwsh}. A>ut`o >isq'uei gi`a
+<'olec t`ic >ekd'oseic to~u {\rm\TeX}, ak'omh ka`i gi''\NB a>ut`ec po`u
+<up'arqoun gi`a meg'ala <upologistik`a d'iktua.  Dhl., d`en e>~inai
+dunat`o n`a gr'afoume t`on k'wdik'a mac ka`i t`hn >'idia stigm`h n`a
+bl'epoume st`hn >oj'onh t`o dhmio'ur\-ghm'a mac; pr'epei p'anta n`a
+>epa\-na\-lam\-b'anoume t`on >'idio k'uklo >ergasi~wn.  <Wst'oso
+<orism'enec parallag`ec to~u {\rm \TeX} >epitr'epoun t`o sqed`on
+taut'oqrono gr'ayimo to~u k'wdika ka`i parous'iash to~u
+stoiqeiojethm'enou >ent'upou (>'iswc m`e l'iga deute\-r'olepta
+kaju\-st'erhsh).  Kaj`wc o<i <upologist`ec ka`i o<i
+mikro\-epexer\-gast`ec g'inontai <'olo ka`i pi`o gr'hgoroi, mpore~i
+s'untoma n`a do~ume belti'wseic st`o j'ema a>ut'o.
+
+\section{<'Oloi o<i qarakt~hrec, meg'aloi ka`i mikro`i}
+
+\subsection{Meriko`i qarakt~hrec e>~inai pi`o ((sp'esial))}
+
+E>'idame st`o prohgo'umeno kef'alaio <'oti <o k'wdikac {\rm \TeX}
+gr'afetai st`o megal'utero m'eroc tou <wc <apl`o ke'imeno
+daktulo\-grafh\-m'eno st`hn grafo\-mhqa\-n'h.  >All`a e>'idame >ep'ishc
+<'oti <h >antipl'agia mpore~i n`a qrhsime'usei gi`a d'uo toul'aqiston
+skopo'uc. Mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i gi`a n`a m~ac d'wsei s'umbola >`h
+sunduasmo`uc sumb'olwn po`u d`en <up'ar\-qoun st`o plhktrol'ogi'o mac:
+gr'afontac st`on k'wdik'a mac {\tt \\TeX}, lamb'anoume t`o s'umbolo
+(log'otupo, gi`a t`hn >akr'ibeia) {\rm \TeX}\null.  <H >anti\-pl'agia
+mpore~i >ak'oma n`a qrhsimopoihje~i gi`a n`a d'wsoume st`o pr'ogramma
+{\rm \TeX} <orism'enec <odhg'iec: t`o {\tt \\bye} diat'azei t`o {\rm
+\TeX} n`a stamat'hsei n`a diab'azei t`o >arqe~io m`e t`on k'wdika. 
+Genik'a, m'ia l'exh st`on k'wdika po`u xekin~a m`e t`hn >antipl'agia
+<ermhne'uetai >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} <wc k'ati po`u >apaite~i
+>idia'i\-terh prosoq'h.  <Up'arqoun merik`ec <ekaton\-t'adec t'etoiwn
+>akolouji~wn (l'exewn >`h sumb'olwn) >el'egqou po`u t`o {\rm \TeX}
+gnwr'izei >ek t~wn prot'erwn. >Epi\-pl'eon, <'opwc ja do~ume >arg'otera,
+mporo~ume n`a <or'isoume ka`i >eme~ic t`ic dik'ec mac par'omoiec l'exeic
+>el'egqou.  Sunep~wc <h >anti\-pl'agia >eqei meg'alh shmas'ia. 
+Parak'atw, j`a xod'e\-youme k'amposo qr'ono prospaj'wntac n`a m'ajoume
+t`hn qr'hsh merik~wn l'exewn  >el'egqou; e>utuq~wc, st`hn kajhmerin`h
+pr'axh, m~ac >arke~i m'onon <'enac mikr`oc >arij\-m`oc t'etoiwn l'exewn.
+
+<Up'arqoun d'eka qarakt~hrec o<i <opo~ioi, <'opwc ka`i <h >antipl'agia, 
+qrhsi\-mopoio~u\-ntai >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} gi`a e>idiko`uc skopo`uc,    
+ka`i j`a pr'epei t'wra n`a do~ume poio'i e>~inai a>uto'i.\TeXref{37--38}
+P~wc <'omwc j`a mporo'u\-same n`a gr'ayoume  m'ia pr'otash po`u n`a     
+peri'eqei <'enan >ap`o a>uto`uc to`uc qarakt~hrec? >'Eqontac a>ut`o     
+st`on no~u mac, j`a rwt'hsoume:
+
+\item{---} Poio'i e>~inai o<i di'aforoi e>idiko`i qarakt~hrec?
+
+\item{---} P~wc mporo~ume n`a l'aboume <'enan e>idik`o qarakt'hra st`o
+>'entup'o mac >e`an k'ati t'etoio e>~inai >apara'ithto?
+
+<Or'iste <'enac p'inakac m`e <'olouc to`uc e>idiko`uc qarakt~hrec ka`i  
+t`o p~wc gr'afetai <o kaj'enac (dhl.\ o<i >apara'ithtec >entol`ec po`u
+pr'epei n`a grafo~un st`o >arqe~io {\rm \TeX}) prokeim'enou n`a to`uc
+l'aboume st`o >'entup'o mac:                
+
+\maketable [Qarakt~hrec po`u >apaito~un prosoq`h]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil\rm #\hfil & \quad # \hfil & \quad\hfil\tt #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb Qarakt'hrac      & \tengb Skop'oc & \tengb K'wdikac gi`a t`hn \cr
+                           &                & \tengb >emf'anish \cr
+   \noalign{\smallskip} \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   $\backslash$ & >Akolouj'iec >el'egqou (>entol'ec)  & \$\\backslash\$  \cr
+   $\{$ & >'Anoigma sun'olou                          & \$\\\lb\$    \cr
+   $\}$ & Kle'isimo sun'olou                          & \$\\\rb\$    \cr
+   \%   & Sq'olia                                     & \\\%         \cr
+   \&{} & E>ujugr'ammish keim'enou ka`i pin'akwn      & \\\&         \cr
+   \~{} & >Adi'akopto di'asthma >ar'adac (s'undesmoc) & \\\~{}\lb\rb \cr
+   \${} & >Arq`h >`h t'eloc majhmatiko~u keim'enou    & \\\$         \cr
+   \^{} & Majhmatiko`i >ekj'etec                      & \\\^{}\lb\rb \cr
+   {\rm\underscore} & Majhmatiko`i de~iktec           & \\\_{}\lb\rb \cr
+   \#{} & Sumb'olo >antikat'astashc s`e n'eo <orism'o & \\\#         \cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{\lb}
+\toindex{\rb}
+\toindex{\%}
+\toindex{\&}
+\toindex{\~{}}
+\toindex{\$}
+\toindex{\^{}}
+\toindex{\_{}}
+\toindex{\#}
+
+
+\subsection{Stoiqeiojes'ia tonik~wn shme'iwn}
+
+Ka`i t'wra j`a do~ume merik`a >ap`o t`a kal`a to~u {\rm    \TeX}\null! 
+M'eqri stig\-m~hc >'eqoume qrhsimo\-poi'hsei t`o {\rm \TeX} m'ono gi`a
+n`a m~ac stoiqeiojet'hsei k'apoiec >agglik`ec fr'aseic.  <'Omwc t'wra
+j`a >arq'isoume n`a k'anoume pr'agmata po`u e>~inai >ap`o pol`u d'uskolo
+>'ewc >ad'unato n`a g'inoun m`e m'ia grafo\-mhqan'h.  E>idik'wtera, j`a
+do~ume p~wc e>~inai dunat`o n`a gr'afoume lati\-niko`uc qara\-kt~hrec
+po`u >'eqoun ka`i t'onouc!  P~wc j`a gr'afame <'enan t'ono s`e <'ena
+plh\-ktro\-l'ogio po`u d`en >'eqei t'onouc?  <'Opwc ka`i st`hn
+per'iptwsh to~u log'otupou {\rm \TeX}, >'etsi ka`i >ed~w e>~inai
+>apara'i\-thto n`a gr'ayoume st`on k'wdik'a mac l'exeic po`u xekino~un
+m`e t`hn >anti\-pl'agia.  Gi`a t`hn gallik`h  l'exh {\rm premi\`{e}re}
+(<h <opo'ia >'eqei per'asei ka`i st`hn gl'wssa mac <wc ((premi'era)){}),
+qrei'azetai n`a gr'ayoume st`on k'wdik'a mac    {\tt premi\\`ere}
+(>'iswc n`a qreiasje~i n`a y'axoume lig'aki gi`a n`a bro~ume t`o
+s'umbolo t~hc dase'iac {\tt `} st`o plhktrol'ogi'o mac, >all`a k'apou
+>eke~i br'isketai\fnote{>E`an t`o s'umbolo a>ut`o d`en <up'arqei st`o
+plhktro\-l'ogi'o mac, mpo\-ro~ume n`a gr'a\-you\-me st`on k'wdika {\tt
+\\lq\lb\rb}.  Kat`a par'o\-moio  tr'opo, gr'afontac st`on k'wdika {\tt
+\\rq\lb\rb} j`a l'aboume t`o s'um\-bolo\NB{\tt '}.  Mporo~ume n`a
+jum'omaste a>ut`ec t`ic >entol`ec <wc suntomo\-graf'iec t~wn
+>agglik~wn <'orwn {\rm left quote} ka`i {\rm right quote}. >Ak'oma,
+gr'afontac {\tt \\lq\\lq\lb\rb} ka`i {\tt \\rq\\rq\lb\rb} lamb'anoume
+t`a sunh\-jism'ena e>isagwgik`a t~wn >agglik~wn: {\rm ``} ka`i\NB{\rm
+''}. (Prosoq'h: t`a e>isagwgik`a t~wn <ellhnik~wn d`en e>~inai <'omoia
+m`e a>ut`a t~wn >agglik~wn >`h germanik~wn k.>'a.\ >ent'upwn!  T`a
+<ellhnik`a e>isagwgik`a ((\NB ka`i\NB )) j`a t`a >exet'asoume st`o
+kef'alaio\NB 10.) <'Omwc m`e >ento\-l`ec <'opwc {\tt \\lq\lb\rb}, d`en
+j`a kataf'e\-roume n`a l'aboume to`uc t'onouc po`u j'eloume, gi''\NB
+a>ut`o kal'utera >`ac bro~ume <'ena swst`o plh\-ktro\-l'ogio.}).  Genik'a,
+gi`a n`a l'aboume <'ena toni\-sm'e\-no gr'amma, pr'epei n`a gr'ayoume m'ia
+mikr`h >ako\-lou\-j'ia >el'egqou, <'ena s'umbolo >el'egqou, >empr`oc
+>ap`o t`o gr'amma po`u j'eloume n`a ton'isoume.
+
+<Or'iste merik`a parade'igmata:
+$$\vbox{
+
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil\tt # & \quad\rm # \hfil\cr
+\tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX} & \tengb >Apot'elesma \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\\`a la mode          & \`a la mode \cr
+r\\'esum\\'e          & r\'esum\'e  \cr
+soup\\c{\sp}con       & soup\c con  \cr
+No\\"el               & No\"el      \cr
+na\\"\\i{\sp}ve       & na\"\i ve   \cr
+}
+}$$
+
+St`a parap'anw parade'igmata bl'epoume <'oti o<i periss'oteroi t'onoi   
+lamb'anontai qrhsimopoi'wntac s'umbola >el'egqou par'omoiac morf~hc. 
+Merik`a >ap`o t`a tonik`a shme~ia par'agontai m`e l'exeic >el'egqou o<i 
+<opo~iec peri'eqoun <'ena m'ono gr'amma.  St`ic peript'wseic a>ut`ec
+>apaite~itai l'igh prosoq'h; <'ena ken`o di'asthma pr'epei n`a
+>akolouje~i met`a t`hn l'exh >el'egqou.  >E`an gr'a\-you\-me st`on
+k'wdik'a mac {\tt soup\\ccon}, t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a prospaj'hsei n`a bre~i
+t'i shma'inei <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\ccon}\fnote{J`a do~ume pi`o k'atw
+p`wc <up'arqei m'ia >ak'oma m'ejodoc gi`a t`hn >apofug`h t'etoiwn
+sfalm'atwn.  E>~inai <h m'ejodoc t~hc dhmiourg'iac sun'olwn, t`ic
+>arq`ec t~hc <opo'iac j`a t`ic suzh\-t'h\-sou\-me st`o kef'a\-laio\NB
+4.}.\TeXref{52--53}
+
+>Ax'izei >ep'ishc n`a pros'exoume <'oti, s`e <'ena >ap`o t`a parap'anw
+parade'igmata, <up'arqei <h l'exh >el'eg\-qou\NB{\tt \\i}.  A>ut`h <h
+mono\-gr'am\-math >entol`h m~ac d'inei t`o lati\-nik`o gr'amma (({\rm
+i})) qwr`ic t`hn tele'ia; <h >afa'iresh t~hc tele'iac >ap`o t`o (({\rm
+i})) >epitr'epei t`hn swst`h topo\-j'ethsh to~u t'onou >ep'anw >ap`o t`o
+kat'wtero m'eroc {\rm \i} to~u gr'am\-matoc.  <Up'arqei m'ia >ak'oma
+>an'alogh l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\j} po`u m~ac d'i\-nei t`o gr'amma (({\rm
+j})) qwr`ic tele'ia gi`a peript'wseic tonismo~u.
+
+\maketable [Tonik`a shme~ia >akoloujo'umena >am'eswc >ap`o gr'amma]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil #\hfil & \quad \hfil \tt #\hfil & \hfil \quad\rm #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb >'Onoma & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX} & \tengb >Apot'elesma \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   >oxe'ia ({\rm acute})                         & \\'o    & \'o \cr
+   bare'ia ({\rm grave})                         & \\`o    & \`o \cr
+   gallik`h perispwm'enh ({\rm circumflex})      & \\\^{}o & \^o \cr
+   dialutik'a ({\rm umlaut/dieresis/tr\'emat})   & \\"{}o  & \"o \cr
+   <ellhnik`h perispwm'enh ({\rm tilde})         & \\\~{}o & \~o \cr
+   makr'o ({\rm macron})                         & \\={}o  & \=o \cr
+   tele'ia ({\rm dot})                           & \\\char'056{}o    & \.o \cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{`}
+\toindex{'}
+\toindex{\^{}}
+\toindex{"}
+\toindex{i}
+\toindex{j}
+\toindex{=}
+\toindex{.}
+
+\maketable [Tonik`a shme~ia po`u >apaito~un >endi'ameso ken`o di'asthma]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil\rm #\hfil & \quad \hfil\tt #\hfil & \hfil\rm\quad #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb >'Onoma & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX} & \tengb >Apot'elesma \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   cedilla                    & \\c o   & \c{o} \cr
+   underdot                   & \\d o   & \d{o} \cr
+   underbar                   & \\b o   & \b{o} \cr
+   h\'a\v{c}ek                & \\v o   & \v{o} \cr
+   breve                      & \\u o   & \u{o} \cr
+   tie                        & \\t oo  & \t oo \cr
+   {\tengr o>uggrik`o} umlaut & \\H o   & \H{o} \cr
+      }
+
+\toindex{c}
+\toindex{d}
+\toindex{b}
+\toindex{v}
+\toindex{u}
+\toindex{t}
+\toindex{H}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} >ep'ishc >epitr'epei t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia merik~wn        
+qarakt'hrwn po`u d`en sumpe\-ri\-lam\-b'anontai st`o >alf'abhto t~hc
+>agglik~hc gl'wssac.
+
+\maketable [Gr'ammata m`h >agglik~wn glwss~wn]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil\rm #\hfil & \quad\hfil\tt #\hfil & \hfil\quad\rm #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb Par'adeigma & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX} & \tengb >Apot'elesma \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   \AE gean, \ae sthetics     & \\AE, \\ae    & \AE, \ae \cr
+   \OE uvres, hors d'\oe uvre & \\OE \\oe     & \OE, \oe \cr
+   \AA ngstrom                & \\AA, \\aa    & \AA, \aa \cr
+   \O re, K\o benhavn         & \\O, \\o      & \O, \o   \cr
+   \L odz, \l\'odka           & \\L, \\l      & \L, \l   \cr
+   Nu\ss                      & \\ss          & \ss      \cr
+   ?`Si?                      & {?}{`}        & ?`       \cr
+   !`Si!                      & {!}{`}        & !`       \cr
+   Se\~nor                    & \\\~{}        & \~{}     \cr
+   My {\it\$} of flesh        & \lb\\it\\\$\rb & {\it\$} \cr
+      }
+
+\toindex{AE}
+\toindex{ae}
+\toindex{OE}
+\toindex{oe}
+\toindex{AA}
+\toindex{aa}
+\toindex{O}
+\toindex{o}
+\toindex{L}
+\toindex{l}
+\toindex{ss}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm Does \AE schylus understand \OE dipus? }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm The smallest internal unit of \TeX{} is about 53.63 \AA. } 
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm They took some honey and plenty of money wrapped up in a {\it \$}5 note.}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm \'El\`eves, refusez vos le\c cons! Jetez vos cha\^\i nes! }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm Za\v sto tako polako pijete \v caj? }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:
+{\rm Mein Tee ist hei\ss. }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:
+{\rm Peut-\^etre qu'il pr\'ef\`ere le caf\'e glac\'e. }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm ?`Por qu\'e no bebes vino blanco? !`Porque est\'a avinagrado! } 
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm M\'\i\'\j n idee\"en worden niet be\"\i nvloed. }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: 
+{\rm Can you take a ferry from \"Oland to \AA land? }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:
+{\rm T\"urk\c ce konu\c san ye\u genler nasillar? }
+
+
+\subsection{Tele~iec, pa~ulec, e>isagwgik'a\bdots}
+
+<H daktulogr'afhsh >~htan p'anta <'enac sumbibasm'oc. <O mikr`oc   
+>arijm`oc t~wn pl'h\-ktrwn t~hc grafo\-mhqan~hc >`h to~u termatiko~u 
+(s`e s'ugkrish m`e t`on >arijm`o t~wn sumb'olwn po`u qrhsimopoio~un
+di'aforoi suggrafe~ic), e>~iqe >anagk'asei t`on daktulogr'afo s`e fjhn`a
+k'olpa ka`i l'useic t~hc stigm~hc, po`u poll`ec for`ec >~htan ka`i
+>anti\-aisjh\-tik'ec.  <'Otan <'omwc stoiqeiojeto~ume m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}
+d`en <up'arqoun peri\-orismo'i. S`e <eto'uth t`hn par'agrafo j`a do~ume
+merik`ec diafor`ec metax`u t~hc daktu\-logr'a\-fhshc st`hn grafomhqan`h
+ka`i t~hc stoiqeiojes'iac m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}.
+
+P'osoi >ap`o ''m~ac gnwr'izoun <'oti <up'arqoun tess'arwn e>id~wn
+pa~ulec? (<H grafo\-mhqa\-n`h >'eqei sun'hjwc m'ia ka`i m'ono.) 
+<Up'arqei <h mikr`h pa~ula, t`o {\tengs <enwtik'o\/} ({\rm hyphen}) po`u
+qrhsimopoie~itai gi`a t`on sullabism`o ka`i t`hn kop`h l'exewn st`o
+t'eloc t~wn >ar'adwn, >`h gi`a t`hn <'enwsh d'uo >`h peris\-sot'erwn
+l'exewn po`u prof'erontai <wc m'ia, p.q., ((kura-M'arw)),
+((<Ai-Dhm'htrhc)), {\rm mother-in-law}, k.lp.\TeXref{3--5} <H {\tengs
+<apl`h pa~u\-la\/} ({\rm en-dash}) qrhsimopoie~itai gi`a n`a dhl'wsei
+<'ena e>~uroc >arijm~wn: tim~wn, sel'idwn, qr'onou, k.lp. <H {\tengs
+meg'alh pa~ula\/} ({\rm em-dash}), t`hn <opo'ia t`a bibl'ia t~hc
+<ellhnik~hc grammatik~hc t`hn >apokalo~un ((dipl`h pa~ula)), e>~inai
+shme~io st'ixhc po`u mpa'inei st`hn j'esh t~hc par'enjeshc ka`i
+spani'wtera st`hn j'esh t~hc >'anw tele'iac. T'eloc, m'ia >ak'oma pa~ula
+e>~inai ka`i t`o ma\-jh\-matik`o s'umbolo {\tengs me~ion}.  St`on
+<ep'omeno p'inaka fa'inetai p~wc m~ac d'inei t`o {\rm \TeX} <'olec
+a>ut`ec t`ic pa~ulec ka`i t`o p~wc t`ic qrhsimopoio~ume s`e >agglik`a
+ke'imena --- prosoq'h: o<i pa~ulec ka`i <'ola t`a shme~ia st'ixhc d`en
+e>~inai t`a >idia >ap`o gl'wssa s`e gl'wssa; periss'oterec leptom'ereiec
+gi''\NB a>ut`o t`o j'ema j`a po~ume st`o kef'alaio\NB 10.
+
+\maketable [O<i di'aforec pa~ulec t~hc >agglik~hc tupograf'iac]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil #\hfil & \quad\hfil\tt #\hfil & \hfil\quad\rm #\hfil
+                        & \hfil\rm #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb >'Onoma & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX}
+                            & \tengb >Apot'elesma & \tengb Par'adeigma \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   <enwtik'o ({\rm hyphen})      & -         & -
+                            & The space is 3-dimensional. \cr
+   <apl`h pa~ula ({\rm en-dash}) & {-}{-}    & --
+                            & Read pages 3--4. \cr
+   dipl`h pa~ula ({\rm em-dash})  & {-}{-}{-} & ---
+                            & I saw them---three men alive! \cr
+   me~ion ({\rm minus sign})     & \$-\$     & $-$
+                            & Two minus five equals $-$3. \cr
+      }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm I entered the room and---horrors---I
+saw both my father-in-law and my mother-in-law. }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm The winter of 1484--1485 was one of
+discontent. }
+\bigskip
+
+M'ia >ak'oma meg'alh diafor`a metax`u t~hc koin~hc daktulogr'afhshc ka`i
+t~hc stoiqeiojes'iac m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai <h qr'hsh t~wn
+e>isa\-gw\-gik~wn.  Sun'hjwc t`a e>isagwgik`a <'olwn t~wn
+grafo\-mh\-qa\-n~wn --- e>'ite pr'okeitai gi`a <ellhnik`ec e>'ite
+pr'okeitai gi`a >agglik'ec --- e>~inai <'ena pl~hktro m`e t`o
+s'umbolo\NB{\tt "}\null.  <'Otan j'eloume n`a b'aloume e>isagwgik`a m`e
+t`o {\rm \TeX} s`e <'ena >agglik`o ke'imeno, qrhsimopoio~ume t`a
+pl~h\-ktra\NB{\tt '}  ka`i\NB{\tt `}\null.
+\TeXref{3}
+T`o pr~wto dipl`o e>isagwgik`o lamb'anetai gr'afontac st`on k'wdik'a mac
+{\tt ``} ka`i t`o de'utero gr'afontac {\tt ''}\null. Kat`a par'omoio   
+tr'opo t`a <apl`a e>isagwgik'a (p.q., e>isagwgik`a >ent`oc
+e>isa\-gw\-gi\-k~wn) lamb'anontai gr'a\-fontac\NB{\tt `} ka`i\NB{\tt
+'}\null.  (T`a <ellhnik`a e>isa\-gwgi\-k`a ((\NB ka`i\NB)) e>~inai m'ia
+>'allh <istor'ia po`u j`a t`hn suzht'hsoume st`o kef'alaio\NB 10.)
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm His ``thoughtfulness'' was impressive. }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm Frank wondered, ``Is this a girl that
+can't say `No!'?'' }
+\bigskip
+
+K'apoiec for`ec qrhsimopoio~ume t`a >aposiwphtik'a, tre~ic tele~iec     
+dhlad'h, gi`a n`a dhl'wsoume siwp`h >`h ke'imeno po`u   >'eqei
+paralhfje~i. >E`an gr'ayoume st`on k'wdik'a mac tre~ic tele~iec, t`o
+>apot'elesma j`a e>~inai tre~ic tele~iec kollhm'enec <h m'ia >ep'anw
+st`hn >'allh.  T`a >aposiwphtik`a st`hn swst'h touc morf`h lamb'anontai
+gr'afontac st`on k'wdika t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\dots}.%
+\TeXref{173}
+\toindex{dots}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm He thought, ``\dots and this goes on
+forever, perhaps to the last recorded syllable.'' }
+
+<'Ena pr'oblhma m`e t`hn tele'ia e>~inai <'oti <'otan qrhsimopoie~itai  
+gi`a n`a dhl'wsei t`o t'eloc m'iac pr'otashc, par'agetai <'ena sqetik`a 
+meg'alo (per'ipou dipl'o) ken`o di'asthma >an'amesa st`o t'eloc t~hc
+pr'otashc (t~hc tele'iac) ka`i st`hn >arq'h (t`o pr~wto kefala~io  
+gr'amma) t~hc <ep'omenhc pr'otashc.  A>ut`o d`en e>~inai o>usia\-stik`a 
+pr'o\-blhma; >antij'etwc t`o dipl`o di'asthma metax`u prot'a\-se\-wn     
+e>~inai m'ia sun'hjhc praktik`h t~wn tupogr'afwn.  <'Omwc t`o dipl`o    
+di'asthma met`a t`hn tele'ia e>~inai >anepij'umhto <'otan pr'o\-keitai  
+gi`a suntomo\-graf'ia <'opwc ((k.)), ((kk.)), {\rm Mr.}, k.lp.
+<Up'arqoun d'uo tr'opoi gi`a n`a >apof'ugoume a>ut`o t`o pr'oblhma:
+gr'afoume >am'eswc met`a t`hn tele'ia st`on k'wdika e>'ite {\tt\\\sp}
+e>'ite m'ia perispwm'enh {\tt\~{}} gi`a n`a >all'axoume t`o m'egejoc to~u
+keno~u diast'hmatoc.%
+\TeXref{91--92}
+<H de'uterh >epilog`h j`a m~ac d'wsei <'ena {\tengs >adi\-'ako\-pto
+di'asthma\/} >`h >alli~wc {\tengs s'un\-desmo\/}; dhl.\ >e`an b'aloume
+m'ia peri\-spw\-m'enh metax`u d'uo l'exewn, t'ote a>ut`ec o<i l'exeic
+j`a >emfa\-nisto~un st`o >'entupo st`hn >'idia >ar'ada.  Gr'afontac    
+st`on k'wdika {\tt Prof.\~{}Knuth}, j`a l'aboume ka`i t`ic d'uo         
+a>ut`ec l'exeic {\rm Prof.}\ ka`i {\rm Knuth} st`hn >'idia
+>ar'ada. A>ut`o e>~inai genik`a qr'h\-simo gi`a t`hn stoiqei\-ojes'ia
+>onom'atwn <'opwc {\rm Vancouver, B.\NB C.} ka`i {\rm Mr.\NB Jones}
+>'etsi <'wste o<i l'exeic {\rm Mr.}\ ka`i {\rm Jones} n`a m`hn
+bga'inoun s`e d'uo qwrist`ec >ar'adec.  >`Ac pro\-s'e\-xoume >ep'ishc
+<'oti d`en qrei'azetai >antipl'agia >empr`oc >ap`o t`hn peri\-spw\-m'enh
+to~u sund'esmou.  (Periss'otera gi`a t`hn perispwm'enh t~wn <ellhnik~wn,
+>all`a ka`i gi`a >'alla <ellhnik`a tonik`a shme~ia, j`a po~ume st`o
+kef'alaio\NB 10.)
+
+M'ia >'allh >idiorujm'ia to~u {\rm \TeX} e>~inai n`a m`hn b'azei dipl`o
+ken`o di'asthma met`a >ap`o tele'ia >e`an >empr`oc >ap`o a>ut`hn
+<up'arqei kefala~io gr'amma.  >Aut`o e>~inai swst`o <'otan
+qrhsimopoio~ume kefala~ia gi`a suntomograf'iec. P.q., d`en j'eloume t`o
+di'asthma metax`u t~wn {\rm U}, {\rm S} ka`i {\rm A} n`a e>~inai
+dipl'asio to~u kanoniko~u; >arke~i n`a sugkr'inoume t`o {\rm U\null.
+S\null. A.} m`e t`o {\rm U. S. A.}, gi`a n`a katal'aboume t`hn diafor'a.
+ T'i g'inetai <'omwc st`hn per'iptwsh po`u m'ia pr'otash tele'iwnei m`e
+kefala~io ka'i, sunep~wc, pr'epei n`a mpe~i dipl`o di'asthma met`a t`hn
+tele'ia?  <H l'ush e>~inai n`a gr'ayoume {\tt\\null} pr`in t`hn tele'ia
+<'opwc: {\tt I was born in U. S. A\\null.\ I was raised in Canada.} <O
+k'wdikac a>ut`oc d'inei: {\rm I was born in U. S. A\null. \ I was raised in
+Canada.}
+\toindex{null}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm Have you seen Ms.\NB Jones? }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm Prof.\NB Smith and Dr.\NB Gold flew from
+Halifax N.\NB S. to Montr\'eal, Qc.\ via Moncton, N.\NB B. }
+
+
+\subsection{T'upoi stoiqe'iwn}
+
+<H pl'eon faner`h diafor`a metax`u daktulografhm'enwn >ent'upwn ka`i
+>ent'upwn stoiqeio\-je\-thm'enwn m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai --- qwr`ic
+kam'ia >amfibol'ia --- o<i diaforetiko`i {\tengs t'upoi stoiqe'iwn\/}
+gramm'atwn ka`i sumb'olwn >`h {\tengs grammatoseir`ec\/} po`u
+qrhsimopoio~untai. <'Otan t`o {\rm \TeX} xekin~a, >'eqei sthn di'ajes'h
+tou deka'exi diaforetik`ec grammatoseir'ec.  Merik`ec >ap`o a>ut`ec t`ic
+gram\-ma\-to\-seir`ec qrhsimopoio~untai m'ono s`e >episthmonik`a >`h
+teqnik`a >'entupa.  <'Enac pl'hrhc kat'alogoc <'olwn t~wn deka'exi
+grammatoseir~wn to~u {\rm \TeX} d'inetai st`o {\sl \TeX{}book}.%
+\TeXref{427--432}
+O<i periss'oteroi t'upoi qrhsimopoio~untai a>ut'omata; <'enac
+majhmatik`oc de'ikthc, p.q., bga'inei >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} s`e
+mikr'otero m'egejoc qwr`ic n`a qreiasje~i n`a d'wsei k'apoia >idia'iterh
+>entol`h <o qr'hsthc.
+
+Gi`a n`a >all'axoume >ap`o t`on sunhjism'eno t'upo latinik~wn           
+gramm'atwn, t`a {\rm roman} (rwma"ik'a), s`e pl'agia--kalligrafik'a, t`a 
+{\rm italic} (>italik'a), qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\it}. Gi`a n`a xana\-epi\-str'e\-youme st`a {\rm roman}, gr'afoume
+st`on k'wdika {\tt \\rm}.  Gi`a par'adeigma, e>~inai dunat`o n`a
+>'eqoume t`hn >ak'oloujh >agglik`h pr'otash st`on k'wdik'a mac: {\tt I
+started with roman type, \\it switched to italic type, \\rm and returned
+to roman type}.  T`o >apot'elesma j`a e>~inai: {\rm I started with roman
+type, \it switched to italic type,\fnote{Notice that the comma and this
+footnote are in italic type, and this looks a little funny. We'll see
+that there is another method for changing fonts when we talk about
+grouping in Section 4. ({\tengs >`Ac parathr'hsoume <'oti t`o k'omma ka`i
+t`o >agglik`o ke'imeno <eto'uthc t~hc <upo\-sh\-me'i\-wshc >'eqoun
+stoiqeiojethje~i s`e pl'agia--kalligrafik'a.  St`o kef'alaio\NB 4, j`a
+do~ume p~wc e>~inai dunat`o n`a >al\-l'a\-zoume t'upouc stoiqe'iwn m`e
+t`hn dhmiourg'ia sun'olwn}.)} \rm and returned to roman
+type}.
+
+>Ekt`oc t~wn {\rm italic} <up'arqoun ka`i >'alla e>'idh grammatoseir~wn.
+St`on <ep'omeno p'inaka d'i\-no\-ntai o<i pl'eon suqn`a
+qrhsimopoio'umenoi t'upoi.  A>uto`i o<i t'upoi diat'ijentai a>ut'omata
+>ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} st`on qr'h\-sth.  L'igo pi`o k'atw j`a do~ume
+>ak'oma p~wc mporo~ume n`a qrh\-simo\-poi'h\-soume ka`i >'allec
+grammatoseir`ec po`u d`en m~ac t`ic prosf'erei a>ut'omata t`o {\rm
+\TeX}. 
+
+\global\advance\footnotenum by 2
+\maketable [De'igmata t'upwn (grammatoseir~wn)]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil\rm # \hfil & \quad \hfil \tt # \hfil
+                                 & \hfil \quad \rm # \hfil\cr
+   \tengb >'Onoma t'upou & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX}
+                                 & \tengb De~igma t'upou \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   Roman ({\tengr rwma"ik'a})              & \\rm
+                                 & \rm Roman type. \cr
+   Boldface ({\tengr >'entona})            & \\bf
+                                 & \bf Boldface type. \cr
+   Italic ({\tengr >italik'a}) & \\it
+                                 & \it Italic type. \cr
+   Slanted ({\tengr pl'agia})              & \\sl
+                                 & \sl Slanted type. \cr
+   Typewriter ({\tengr grafomhqan~hc})     & \\tt
+                                 & \tt Typewriter type. \cr
+   Math symbol ({\tengr s'umbola majhmatik~wn})${}^\the\footnotenum$
+                                 & \\cal
+                                 & $\cal SCRIPT\hbox{\ }LETTERS$\rm. \cr
+      }
+
+\footnote{}{\llap{$^\the\footnotenum$} A>ut`o t`o par'adeigma >apat~a,
+mi~ac ka`i pr'epei n`a gnwr'izoume merik`a pr'agmata peris\-s'o\-te\-ra
+gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn <'wste n`a mporo~ume n`a
+stoiqeiojeto~ume s`e t'etoiou e>'idouc stoiqe~ia (kef'alaio\NB 5). }
+\nobreak
+\toindex{it}
+\toindex{rm}
+\toindex{bf}
+\toindex{sl}
+\toindex{tt}
+
+T`a {\rm slanted} (pl'agia) ka`i t`a {\rm italic} (>italik'a) fa'inontai
+<'omoia >ek pr'wthc >'oyewc.  E>~inai e>'ukolo <'omwc n`a do~ume t`hn
+diafor`a >e`an pros'exoume t`o gr'amma (({\rm a})) st`on <'ena ka`i
+st`on >'allo t'upo. <'Otan >all'azoume >ap`o <'enan pl'agio t'upo ({\rm
+slanted} >`h {\rm italic}) s`e >'enan >'orjio ({\rm upright} >`h {\rm
+roman}), t`o teleuta~io gr'amma t~wn plag'iwn g'ernei ka`i fa'inetai n`a
+plhsi'azei t`o pr~wto gr'amma t~wn >orj'iwn.  Gi`a n`a >apof'ugoume
+t'etoiou e>'idouc a>isjhtik`a probl'hmata, prosj'etoume l'igo parap'anw
+di'asthma m`e t`hn leg'omenh {\tengs di'orjwsh >italik~wn\/} ({\rm
+italic correction}). A>ut`o g'inetai m`e t`o s'umbolo >el'egqou {\tt
+\\/}.%
+\toindex{/}
+St`hn parak'atw >agglik`h pr'otash d`en b'alame di'orjwsh >italik~wn
+st`hn pr'wth per'iptwsh <'opou e>'iqame {\rm italic}, >en~w b'alame     
+st`hn de'uterh --- >`ac pros'exoume t`hn diafor'a: {\rm {\it If} the
+italic correction is not used the letters are too close together, but
+{\it if\/} the correction is used, the spacing is better.}  D`en       
+qrei'azetai di'orjwsh >italik~wn st`hn per'iptwsh <'opou >am'e\-swc
+met`a t`a pl'agia >akolouje~i k'omma >`h tele'ia.  <Wst'oso, t`o      
+>'entupo j`a de'iqnei pi`o <wra~io, >e`an qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn di'orjwsh
+>italik~wn pr`in >ap`o e>isagwgik`a >`h parenj'eseic.
+
+E>~inai dunat`o n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume ka`i >'allec grammatoseir`ec
+>ekt`oc >ap`o a>ut`ec po`u m~ac prosf'erei >arqik`a t`o {\rm \TeX}
+(>ef'' <'oson t`a >arqe~ia m`e t`ic >epipl'eon grammatoseir`ec
+<up'arqoun st`on <upologist'h mac). Di'afora meg'ejh t'upwn mporo~un n`a
+qrhsimopoihjo~un m`e t`hn bo'hjeia t~hc l'exhc >el'egqou {\tt
+\\magstep}.  Gi`a n`a <or'isoume m'ia n'ea grammatoseir`a >`h <'enan
+n'eo t'upo stoiqe'iwn, j`a pr'epei n`a gnwr'izoume p~wc >onom'azetai t`o
+sqetik`o >arqe~io st`on <upologist'h mac. Gi`a par'adeigma, <o t'upoc
+{\rm roman} >onom'azetai {\tt cmr10} st`ic pi`o poll`ec >ekd'oseic to~u
+{\rm \TeX}\null.  >E`an gr'ayoume st`on k'wdik'a mac {\tt \\font\\bigrm
+= cmr10 scaled \\magstep\NB{}1}, t'o\-te mporo~ume n`a
+qrh\-simo\-poi'h\-soume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\bigrm} <'opwc
+qrhsimopoio~ume ka`i t`ic l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt\\it} >`h {\tt\\rm}.%
+\TeXref{13--17}
+\toindex{magstep}
+\toindex{font}
+\toindex{scaled}
+
+>All'azontac t'upo m'esw| t~hc >entol~hc {\tt\\bigrm}, j`a l'aboume
+stoiqe~ia {\rm roman} po`u j`a e>~inai kat`a 20\NB \% megal'utera t~wn
+kanonik~wn.  M`e t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\font\\bigbigrm = cmr10 scaled
+\\magstep\NB{}2} <or'izoume <'enan n'eo t'upo {\rm roman} <o <opo~ioc   
+e>~inai kat`a 44\NB \% megal'uteroc to~u ka\-no\-ni\-ko~u.  Sunolik`a
+t`o {\rm \TeX} >epitr'epei <'exi megej'unseic t'upwn, >ap`o {\tt
+\\magstep\NB 0} >'ewc {\tt \\magstep\NB 5}. S`e poll`ec >ekd'oseic to~u
+{\rm \TeX}, <up'arqei ka`i m'ia <'ebdomh meg'ejunsh {\tt \\magstephalf}
+--- pr'okeitai gi`a meg'enjush kat`a 9,5\NB \% per'ipou. <Or'iste
+merik`a de'igmata <en`oc t'upou s`e di'afora meg'ejh:
+
+\maketable [Megej'unseic t'upwn]
+\halign{
+   \strut \tt # \hfil & \quad # \hfil \cr
+   \tengb Meg'ejunsh & \tengb De~igma \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   \\magstep 0     & \rm  Sample text at magstep 0. \cr
+   \\magstephalf   & \halfrm  Sample text at magstephalf. \cr
+   \\magstep 1     & \brm  Sample text at magstep 1. \cr
+   \\magstep 2     & \bbrm  Sample text at magstep 2. \cr
+   \\magstep 3     & \bbbrm  Sample text at magstep 3. \cr
+   \\magstep 4     & \bbbbrm  Sample text at magstep 4. \cr
+   \\magstep 5     & \bbbbbrm  Sample text at magstep 5. \cr
+      }
+\bigskip
+
+E>~inai >ep'ishc dunat`o n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume tele'iwc n'eec           
+grammatoseir'ec (p.q., <ellhnik'ec). Beba'iwc, p'anta a>ut`o >exart~atai
+>ap`o t`o t'i <up'arqei diaj'esimo st`on <upologist`h po`u
+qrhsi\-mo\-poi\-o~ume ka`i >'iswc >ap`o t`ic dunat'othtec t~hc ts'ephc
+mac (poll`ec grammatoseir`ec kuklo\-fo\-ro~un <wc >emporik`a
+pro"i'onta).  S`e pollo`uc <upologist`ec <up'arqei <'ena >arqe~io m`e
+t`o <'onoma {\tt cmss10}; pr'okeitai gi`a m'ia grammatoseir`a stoiqe'iwn
+{\rm sans serif} (qwr`ic >apol'hxeic >'h, >alli~wc, qwr`ic pato~urec).
+B'azontac t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\font\\sf = cmss10} s`e k'apoio shme~io
+to~u k'wdik'a mac, mporo~ume kat'opin n`a qrh\-simo\-poi'h\-soume t`on
+t'upo {\rm sans serif} m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\sf}, <'opwc j`a
+gr'afoume, p.q., {\tt\\bf} gi`a >'entona stoiqe~ia.  >'Eqo\-ntac loip`on
+<or'isei t`on t'upo {\rm sans serif}, <o k'wdikac: {\tt\\sf a sample of
+our new Sans Serif font}, d'inei: {\sf a sample of our new Sans Serif
+font.}
+
+\exercise T'i pr'oblhma j`a dhmiourgo~use <h qr'hsh m'iac l'exhc
+>el'egqou {\tt \\ss} >ant`i t~hc {\tt \\sf} gi`a n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume
+s`e {\rm sans serif}? <Up'odeixh: >E`an <h >ap'anthsh d`en s~ac
+fa'inetai ka`i t'oso <apl'h, skefje~ite t`o germanik`o >alf'abhto pr~wta
+ka`i t'ote j`a t`hn bre~ite.                 
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste m'ia par'agrafo s`e megejunm'eno t'upo {\rm
+sans serif}.
+
+O<i >epipl'eon grammatoseir`ec ka`i t'upoi po`u mpore~i n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsei kane`ic m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} dia\-f'eroun >ap`o
+<upologist`h s`e <upologist'h.  O<i t'upoi po`u >anaf'erontai st`on
+parak'atw p'inaka e>~inai a>uto`i po`u <up'arqoun sto`uc periss'oterouc
+<upologist'ec. 
+
+\maketable [O<i pi`o koino`i t'upoi to~u {\lsecfont\TeX}]
+\halign{
+\strut \tt # \hfil & \quad \tt # \hfil & \quad \tt # \hfil
+                   & \quad \tt # \hfil & \quad \tt # \hfil
+                   & \quad \tt # \hfil  \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+cmbsy10   &cmbxsl10  &cmbxti10  &cmbx10    &cmbx12    &cmbx5      \cr
+cmbx6     &cmbx7     &cmbx8     &cmbx9     &cmb10     &cmcsc10    \cr
+cmdunh10  &cmex10    &cmff10    &cmfib8    &cmfi10    &cmitt10    \cr
+cmmib10   &cmmi10    &cmmi12    &cmmi5     &cmmi6     &cmmi7      \cr
+cmmi8     &cmmi9     &cmr10     &cmr12     &cmr17     &cmr5       \cr
+cmr6      &cmr7      &cmr8      &cmr9      &cmsltt10  &cmsl10     \cr
+cmsl12    &cmsl8     &cmsl9     &cmssbx10  &cmssdc10  &cmssi10    \cr
+cmssi12   &cmssi17   &cmssi8    &cmssi9    &cmssqi8   &cmssq8     \cr
+cmss10    &cmss12    &cmss17    &cmss8     &cmss9     &cmsy10     \cr
+cmsy5     &cmsy6     &cmsy7     &cmsy8     &cmsy9     &cmtcsc10   \cr
+cmtex10   &cmtex8    &cmtex9    &cmti10    &cmti12    &cmti7      \cr
+cmti8     &cmti9     &cmtt10    &cmtt12    &cmtt8     &cmtt9      \cr
+cmu10     &cmvtt10                                                \cr
+}
+\bigskip
+
+O<i t'upoi a>uto`i >'eqoun >onomasje~i (({\rm Computer Modern})) >ap`o
+t`on sqediast'h touc, po`u d`en e>~inai >'alloc >ap`o t`on >'idio t`on
+dhmiourg`o to~u {\rm \TeX}, t`on {\rm Donald Knuth}.  >'Etsi t`a d'uo
+pr~wta gr'ammata to~u >on'omatoc a>ut~wn t~wn t'upwn {\tt cm} shma'inoun
+{\rm Computer Modern}.  <O >arijm`oc st`o t'eloc t~wn >onom'atwn touc
+dhl'wnei t`o m'egej'oc touc: t'upoc 10 stigm~wn ({\rm points}) e>~inai
+kanoniko~u meg'ejouc, t'upoi 7 stigm~wn qrh\-si\-me'uoun sun'hjwc <wc
+majhmatiko`i de~iktec ka`i t'upoi 5 stigm~wn <wc >ekj'etec; t'upoi 12
+stigm~wn e>~inai kat`a 20\NB \% megal'uteroi a>ut~wn t~wn 10 stigm~wn,
+k.o.k. >E`an st`a gr'ammata d'uo pr~wta gr'am\-mata to~u >on'omatoc,
+{\tt cm}, akolouje~i t`o gr'amma {\tt b}, <o t'upoc e>~inai {\bf bold}
+(>'entona stoiqe~ia).  Par'omoia, t`o {\tt r} shma'inei {\rm roman}, t`o
+{\tt I} {\it italic}, t`o {\tt csc} {\sc Small Caps}
+(mikro\-kefa\-la~ia, t`a gnwst`a sto`uc <'ellhnec tupogr'afouc <wc
+((kapital'akia)){}), t`o {\tt sl} {\sl slanted}, t`o {\tt sy} {$\cal
+SYMBOL$} (s'umbola) ka`i t`o {\tt tt} {\tt typewriter} (t'upoc
+grafomhqan~hc).
+
+\exercise Bre~ite <'olouc to`uc t'upouc po`u diaj'etei t`o s'usthm'a sac
+ka`i tup~wste <'ola t`a gr'ammata ka`i to`uc >arijmo`uc s`e meriko`uc
+>ap`o a>uto`uc to`uc t'upouc.
+
+\exercise T`a stoiqe~ia to~u t'upou {\tt cmr12} e>~inai kat`a 20\NB{}\%
+megal'utera s`e m'egejoc >ap`o a>ut`a to~u t'upou {\tt cmr10}. 
+>Ep'ishc, <h >entol`h {\tt \\magstep\NB 1} megej'unei t`a stoiqe~ia
+kat`a 20\NB \%. Tup~wste <'ena ke'imeno qrhsimopoi'wntac t`on t'upo {\tt
+cmr12} ka`i kat'opin tup~wste t`o >'idio ke'imeno m`e t`on t'upo {\tt
+cmr10} megejunm'eno kat`a 20\NB{}\%.  T`a >apotel'esmata j`a e>~inai
+diaforetik'a!
+
+
+\section{<H di'ataxh t~wn pragm'atwn}
+
+St`o kef'alaio a>ut'o, j`a >exet'asoume p~wc n`a stoiqeiojeto~ume <'ena
+ke'imeno s`e di'a\-forec diat'axeic (morf'ec) ka`i meg'ejh.
+<Opwc\-d'hpote, mporo~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`o {\rm \TeX} m`e t`ic
+dik'ec tou (t`ic {\tengs >ex <orismo~u\/} >`h {\rm default}) diat'axeic
+ka`i meg'ejh, <'opwc >'eqoume >'eqoume k'anei m'eqri a>ut`o t`o shme~io.
+<'Omwc >ap`o >ed~w ka`i st`o >ex~hc, j`a e>'imaste k'apwc pi`o
+dhmiourgiko'i.  Gi`a n`a katal'aboume <'omwc t'i shma'inoun di'afora
+meg'ejh, kal`a j`a >~htan n`a xekino'usame di\-eu\-kri\-n'izontac
+<orism'enec >'ennoiec mon'adwn.
+
+\subsection{Mon'adec, mon'adec, mon'adec}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} mpore~i n`a metr'hsei m'hkh s`e poll`ec diaforetik`ec
+mon'adec.  O<i pi`o koin`ec e>~inai <h >'intsa, t`o <ekatost'o, <h
+tupografik`h stigm'h ({\rm point}) ka`i t`o tupo\-gra\-fik`o
+te\-tr'a\-gwno >`h p'ika ({\rm pica}). O<i sunto\-mo\-graf'iec a>ut~wn
+t~wn mon'adwn e>~inai >ant'istoiqa: {\tt in}, {\tt cm}, {\tt pt} ka`i
+{\tt pc}.  <H stigm`h <or'izetai >ap`o t`hn >ex'iswsh: $1\,\rm in =
+72{,}27\,\rm pt$, ka`i t`o te\-tr'a\-gwno >ap`o t`hn >ex'iswsh: $1\,\rm
+pc = 12\,\rm pt$\null.  Sunep~wc, <h stigm`h e>~inai m'ia pol`u mikr`h
+mon'ada m'etrhshc m'hkouc --- per'ipou t`o m'egejoc m'iac tele'iac
+a>uto~u to~u >egqei\-rid'iou.   <'Ena te\-tr'a\-gwno e>~inai per'ipou <h
+>ap'ostash >ap`o t`hn b'ash m'iac >ar'adac <eto'utou to~u keim'enou
+>'ewc t`hn b'ash t~hc <ep'omenhc >ar'adac.  <Or'iste m'ia sug\-kritik`h
+e>ik'ona merik~wn diast'asewn m'hkouc: \def\pip{\vrule height 4 true
+pt}%
+\TeXref{57}
+
+\maketable [\null]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil # & \quad # \hfil \cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+        1 >'intsa:    &  $\hbox to 1 true in{\pip\hrulefill\pip}$ \cr
+        1 <ekatost'o: &  $\hbox to 1 true cm{\pip\hrulefill\pip}$ \cr
+        20 stigm'ec:  &  $\hbox to 20 true pt{\pip\hrulefill\pip}$ \cr
+        1 tetr'agwno: &  $\hbox to 1 true pc{\pip\hrulefill\pip}$ \cr
+}
+\bigskip
+
+O<i stigm`ec qrhsimopoio~untai gi`a >allag`ec pol`u mikr~wn
+diast'asewn. M'alista t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai pol`u >akrib`ec st`hn
+m'etrhsh diast'asewn; <h mikr'oterh mon'ada m'etrhshc m'hkouc po`u
+qrhsimopoie~i t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai mikr'oterh >ap`o <'ena
+<ekatommuriost`o t~hc >'intsac. >'Etsi, <h le\-pto\-m'e\-reia to~u
+>ent'u\-pou >exar\-t~a\-tai o>u\-sia\-sti\-k`a >ap`o t`hn e>ukr'ineia
+({\rm resolution}) to~u >ektupwt~h.
+
+<Up'arqoun d'uo >ak'oma mon'adec o<i <opo~iec d`en e>~inai tele'iwc
+stajer'ec, >all`a metab'alontai >an'aloga m`e t`o m'egejoc t~wn t'upwn
+po`u qrhsimopoio~ume.\TeXref{60}  <H mon'ada {\tt ex} e>~inai per'ipou
+<'oso t`o <'uyoc <en`oc mikro~u latiniko~u {\rm x}, ka`i <h mon'ada {\tt
+em}  e>~inai per'ipou >'ish m`e t`o pl'atoc <en`oc kefala'iou {\rm M}
+(gi`a t`hn >akr'ibeia, <h mon'ada {\tt em} e>~inai dipl'asia to~u
+pl'atouc <en`oc <opoioud'hpote >ap`o t`a yhf'ia $0,\ldots,9$).
+
+T`hn di'ataxh (diast'aseic, k.lp.)\ to~u >ent'upou t`hn >el'egqoume
+>ep'ishc m`e l'exeic >el'egqou.  T`o {\rm \TeX} m~ac d'inei poll`ec
+t'etoiec l'exeic >el'egqou po`u >epitr'epoun t`on pol`u >akrib`h
+>'elegqo to~u >apotel'esmatoc. <'Omwc, st`hn pleioyof'ia t~wn
+peript'wsewn merik`ec m'ono >ap`o >aut`ec >arko~un.
+
+\subsection{<H di'ataxh t~hc sel'idac}
+
+T`o ke'imeno m'iac sel'idac >apotele~itai >ap`o tr'ia basik`a m'erh. T`o
+megal'utero m'eroc t~hc sel'idac t`o katalamb'anei t`o {\tengs s~wma\/}
+({\rm body}): t`o {\tengs k'urio ke'imeno\/} m`e t`ic  {\tengs
+<uposhmei'wseic}. >Ep'anw >ap`o t`o s~wma, <up'arqei <h {\tengs
+kefal'h\/} ({\rm headline}). <H kefal`h sun'hjwc peri'eqei t`on t'itlo
+to~u >ent'upou, t`on t'itlo to~u kefala'iou >`h ka`i t`on >arijm`o t~hc
+sel'idac; >ep'ishc <h kefal`h mpore~i n`a diaf'erei >ap`o mon`h s`e
+zug`h sel'ida.  K'atw >ap`o t`ic  <uposhmei'wseic <up'arqei t`o {\tengs
+p'odi} ({\rm footline}) t~hc sel'idac, m'ia >ar'ada po`u sun'hjwc
+peri'eqei t`on >arijm`o t~hc sel'idac ka`i m'onon.
+
+St`a parade'igmata po`u e>'idame >'ewc >ed~w, <h kefal`h >~htan ken'h.  
+T`o p'odi t~hc sel'idac perie~iqe e>'ite t`on >arijm`o t~hc sel'idac
+st`o m'eso tou, e>'ite >~htan tele'iwc ken`o <'otan qrhsimopoi'hsame
+t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\nopagenumbers}.  Periss'otera gi`a t`hn kefal`h
+ka`i t`o p'odi t~wn sel'idwn j`a >anaf'eroume pi`o k'atw.  Pr`oc
+stigm'hn, >`ac >epikentr'wsoume t`hn prosoq'h mac st`o s~wma.
+
+Gi`a n`a kle'isoume m'ia sel'ida ka`i n`a xekin'hsoume m'ia n'ea,
+mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume st`on k'wdik'a mac: {\tt \\vfill \\eject}.  <H
+l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\eject} >anagk'azei t`o {\rm \TeX} n`a
+<oloklh\-r'w\-sei t`hn paro'usa sel'ida po`u >epexerg'azetai, >en~w <h
+l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\vfill} to~u l'eei n`a gem'i\-sei t`o k'atw m'eroc
+to~u s'wmatoc m`e ken'o. (>E`an j'elete, m`hn gr'afete st`on
+k'wdik'a sac {\tt \\vfill} gi`a n`a de~ite p`wc j`a tentwje~i t`o
+ke'imeno gi`a n`a gem'isei <h sel'ida.)
+\toindex{vfill}
+\toindex{eject}
+
+{\hsize=4in
+T`o pl'atoc to~u keim'enou <or'izetai m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt     
+\\hsize}.  Mpore~i n`a >allaqje~i s`e <opoiod'hpote shme~io to~u
+keim'enou mac, p.q., s`e t'esseric >'intsec, m`e t`hn >entol'h: {\tt
+\\hsize = 4\NB in} ka`i m`e mej'odouc po`u j`a perigr'ayoume pi`o k'atw.
+<H tim`h to~u {\tt \\hsize} st`o t'e\-loc m'iac pa\-ra\-gr'a\-fou
+kajor'izei ka`i t`o pl'atoc t~hc para\-gr'a\-fou.  <'Opwc mporo~ume n`a
+parathr'hsoume s`e <eto'uth t`hn par'agrafo, t`o pl'atoc to~u
+kei\-m'e\-nou mpore~i n`a >allaqje~i gi`a m'ia ka`i monadik`h par'agrafo
+(>ed~w >'egine 4\NB >'intsec).  >Ep'ishc, mi~ac ka`i <h l'exh >el'egqou
+{\tt \\hsize} e>~inai m'ia metablht'h (t`o pl'atoc to~u keim'enou), m`e
+>ekfr'aseic <'opwc {\tt \\hsize =  0,75\\hsize} mporo~ume n`a t`hn
+>all'axoume s`e sq'esh m`e t`hn pali`a tim'h thc (<'osoi >'eqoun k'anei
+p'ente stoiqei'wdh maj'hmata programmatismo~u j`a katal'aboun kal'utera
+t`hn shmas'ia a>uto~u to~u k'wdika).
+\par }
+\toindex{hsize}
+
+<H >ant'istoiqh l'exh >el'egqou gi`a t`o <'uyoc to~u keim'enou e>~inai
+<h {\tt \\vsize}. <H tim`h to~u {\tt \\vsize} >all'azetai <'opwc ka`i <h
+tim`h to~u {\tt \\hsize}.  >'Etsi gr'afontac {\tt \\vsize = 8 in}
+<or'izoume t`o <'uyoc to~u s'wmatoc s`e >okt`w >'intsec. >`Ac
+pros'exoume <'oti <h tim`h {\tt \\vsize} e>~inai t`o <'uyoc to~u
+s'wmatoc m'onon qwr`ic n`a sumperi\-lam\-b'ano\-ntai <h kefal`h ka`i t`o
+p'odi.
+\toindex{vsize}
+
+<H <'olh sel'ida mpore~i n`a metakinhje~i >ep'anw st`o qart`i <'opou
+t`hn tup'wnoume.  <H >ep'anw >arister`h gwn'ia t~hc sel'idac, dhl.\ <h
+>ep'anw >arister`h gwn'ia t~hc kefal~hc thc, e>~inai s`e >ap'o\-sta\-sh
+m'iac >'intsac >ap`o t`hn >ep'anw >'akrh to~u qartio~u kai s`e
+>ap'o\-sta\-sh m'iac >'in\-tsac >ap`o t`hn >arister`h >'akrh to~u
+f'ullou to~u qartio~u. O<i l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt\\hoffset} ka`i {\tt
+\\voffset} qrh\-simo\-poio~u\-ntai gi`a n`a >all'axoun >aut`ec o<i
+>apost'aseic.  P.q., m`e {\tt\\hoffset = ,75 in} ka`i {\tt \\voffset =
+-,5 in} <h sel'ida j`a metakinhje~i kat`a 0,75 >'intsec pr`oc t`a dexi`a
+to~u qartio~u ka`i kat`a 0,5 >'intsec pr`oc t`a >ep'anw. T`ic
+periss'oterec for`ec d`en j`a qreiasje~i n`a <or'isoume t`ic tim`ec t~wn
+{\tt \\hoffset}, {\tt \\voffset} ka`i {\tt \\vsize} par`a m'ono m'ia
+for`a st`hn >arq`h to~u k'wdik'a mac.   
+\TeXref{251}
+\toindex{hoffset}
+\toindex{voffset}
+
+\global\advance\footnotenum by 1
+\maketable [L'exeic >el'egqou gi`a t`ic diast'aseic t~hc sel'idac]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil #\hfil & \quad\hfil\tt #\hfil & \hfil\quad #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb >'Onoma & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX} & \tengb >Arqik`h tim`h
+                            to~u {\bf \TeX\ (in)} \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   <oriz'ontio pl'atoc  & \\hsize   & 6,5 \cr
+   katak'orufo <'uyoc   & \\vsize   & 8,9 \cr
+   <oriz'ontia metat'opish${}^\the\footnotenum$  & \\hoffset & 0 \cr
+   katak'orufh metat'opish${}^\the\footnotenum$   & \\voffset & 0 \cr
+      }
+
+\footnote{}{\llap{$^\the\footnotenum$}>Ex <orismo~u, t`o {\rm \TeX}
+xekin~a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia t~hc sel'idac s`e >ap'ostash $1\,\rm in$
+>ap`o t`hn koruf`h to~u qartio~u, ka`i s`e >ap'ostash $1\,\rm in$ >ap`o
+t`hn >arister`h >'akrh to~u qartio~u.} \nobreak
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste m'ia par'agrafo keim'enou po`u n`a >'eqei merik`ec
+>ar'adec. >Anti\-gr'ay\-te a>ut`h t`hn par'agrafo merik`ec for`ec ka`i
+b'alte pr`in >ap`o t`hn pr'wth {\tt \\hsize = 5\NB in} ka`i {\tt \\hsize
+= 10\NB cm} >empr`oc >ap`o t`hn de'uterh.  Dokim'aste merik`ec >ak'oma
+tim`ec st`o {\tt \\hsize}.
+ 
+\exercise B'alte {\tt \\hoffset = ,5 in\ } ka`i {\tt \\voffset = 1      
+in} >empr`oc >ap`o t`hn pr'wth par'agrafo t~hc prohgo'umenhc >'askhshc.
+
+\exercise  B'alte {\tt \\vsize = 2 in} >empr`oc >ap`o t`hn pr'wth
+par'agrafo t~hc prohgo'umenhc >'askhshc.
+
+St`hn prohgo'umenh par'agrafo e>'idame <'oti mporo~ume n`a 
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume diaforetik`a meg'ejh t'upwn qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn
+l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\magstep}.  E>~inai >ep'ishc dunat`h <h
+meg'e\-jun\-sh <'olou to~u >ent'upou mac monomi~ac.  >E`an j'esoume {\tt
+\\magnification = \\magstep\NB 1} st`hn >arq`h to~u k'wdika, t`o
+>apot'elesma j`a e>~inai t`o >'entup'o mac n`a  megejunje~i <'olo kat`a
+20\NB \%\null. <H meg'ejunsh mpore~i n`a g'inei ka`i m`e >'allec tim`ec
+{\tt \\magstep}. <Wst'oso {\tengb <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\magnification} mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i m'onon st`hn >arq`h to~u
+k'wdika, pr`in t`o {\bf \TeX} sunant'hsei >'estw ka`i <'enan qarakt'hra
+gi`a stoiqeioj'ethsh.}  A>ut`h <h meg'ejunsh mpore~i n`a dhmiourg'hsei
+k'apoia probl'hmata. >E`an <'olo t`o ke'imeno e>~inai
+n`a megejunje~i kat`a 20\NB \% ka`i >'eqoume <or'isei {\tt \\hsize = 5
+in} st`on k'wdik'a mac, t`o telik`o >'entupo j`a >'eqei pl'atoc 5
+>'intsec, >`h j`a megejunje~i kat`a 20\NB{}\% s`e 6 >'intsec?  >E`an
+d`en l'aboume t`a kat'al\-lhla m'etra, m`e t`hn >entol`h {\tt
+\\magnification} <'olec o<i diast'aseic j`a megejunjo~un kat`a
+20\NB{}\%, dhl.\ t`o {\tt \\hsize} j`a g'inei 6 >'intsec.  S`e merik`ec
+peript'wseic a>ut`o mpore~i n`a e>~inai >epijumht'o, <'omwc sun'hjwc <h
+<omoi'omorfh >allag`h <'olwn t~wn diast'asewn e>~inai >anepij'umhth. 
+Gi`a par'adeigma, mpore~i n`a j'eloume n`a >af'hsoume 3 >'intsec
+>akrib~wc keno~u q'wrou gi`a n`a >enj'esoume kat'opin <'ena sq~hma. 
+St`hn per'iptwsh a>ut'h, k'aje di'astash po`u d`en j'eloume n`a
+>all'axei pr'epei n`a t`hn <or'isoume <wc {\tt \\true}, p.q., gr'afontac
+{\tt \\hsize = 5\NB{}true\NB{}in} t`o m~hkoc t~wn >ar'adwn (dhl.\ t`o
+pl'atoc to~u keim'enou) j`a parame'inei 5 >'intsec >anex'arthta >ap`o
+t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\magnification}.\TeXref{59--60}
+\toindex{magnification}
+
+\exercise B'alte {\tt \\magnification = \\magstep 1} st`hn pr'wth
+gram\-m`h t~wn >arqe'iwn sac ka`i de~ite t`o >apot'elesma.
+
+\subsection{<H di'ataxh t~hc paragr'afou}
+
+<'Otan t`o {\rm \TeX} diab'azei t`on k'wdik'a mac, diab'azei m'ia
+par'agrafo k'aje for`a ka`i met`a t`hn stoiqeiojete~i.  A>ut`o shma'inei
+<'oti mporo~ume n`a >'eqoume pl'hrh >'elegqo t~hc di'ataxhc (t~hc
+morf~hc) t~hc paragr'afou; <'omwc <up'arqoun merik`ec leptom'ereiec o<i
+<opo~iec >apaito~un >idia'iterh prosoq'h. E>'idame >'hdh p~wc m`e t`o
+{\tt \\hsize} mporo~ume n`a >el'egqoume t`o pl'atoc t~hc paragr'afou. 
+>All'a, >`ac <upoj'esoume <'oti st`on k'wdika e>'iqame gr'ayei:
+\beginuser
+\\hsize = 5 in
+Four score and seven years
+$\vdots$
+from this earth.
+\\hsize = 6,5 in
+\enduser
+
+Poi'o e>~inai t`o pl'atoc t~hc paragr'afou?  <H tim`h to~u {\tt \\hsize}
+<or'isjhke m'ia for`a st`hn >arq`h t~hc paragr'afou, ka`i kat'opin
+>epanor'isjhke st`o t'eloc thc.  >Ef'' <'oson <h par'agrafoc d`en e>~iqe
+<oloklhrwje~i m'eqri t`on de'utero <orism`o t~hc tim~hc to~u {\tt
+\\hsize} (m`e t`hn parembol`h m'iac ken~hc gramm~hc >`h to~u {\tt \\par}
+st`on k'wdika), j`a stoiqeiojethje~i s'umfwna m`e t`hn teleuta'ia tim`h
+pl'atouc, dhl.\ m`e pl'atoc 6,5 >'intsec.  <'Opwc, >e`an <up~hrqe m'ia
+ken`h gramm`h st`on k'wdika, t`o pl'atoc thc j`a >~htan 5 >'intsec. 
+Bl'epoume loip'on, <'oti k'aje par'agrafoc stoiqeiojete~itai m`e t`ic
+tim`ec t~wn  param'etrwn po`u e>~inai o<i pi`o pr'osfatec po`u >'eqei
+diab'asei t`o   {\rm \TeX}.
+
+<Or'iste <'enac p'inakac m`e merik`ec param'etrouc po`u kajor'izoun t`hn
+di'ataxh (morf'h) m'iac para\-gr'a\-fou:
+
+\maketable [Par'ametroi di'ataxhc paragr'afou]
+\halign{
+   \hfil #\hfil & \quad\hfil\tt #\hfil & \hfil\quad #\hfil\cr
+   \tengb Leitourg'ia & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf \TeX} & \tengb >Arqik`h
+		tim`h to~u {\bf \TeX} \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   pl'atoc & \\hsize & 6,5 >'intsec \cr
+   >od'ontwsh pr'wthc >ar'adac
+                         & \\parindent & 20 stigm'ec\cr
+   >ap'ostash metax`u >ar'adwn (di'astiqo) & \\baselineskip & 12 stigm'ec\cr
+   >ap'ostash metax`u paragr'afwn & \\parskip & 0 stigm'ec\cr
+      }
+\par
+\toindex{parindent}
+\toindex{parskip}
+\toindex{baselineskip}
+
+<H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\noindent} mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i st`hn
+>arq`h m'iac paragr'afou gi`a t`hn >apofug`h t~hc {\tengs >od'ontwshc}
+(t~hc >eswterik~hc metat'opishc, >`h st`hn >Agglik`h {\rm indentation})
+t~hc pr'wthc >ar'adac.  A>ut`h <h >entol`h j`a >ephre'asei m'ono t`hn
+morf`h t~hc paragr'afou st`hn <opo'ia qrhsimopoie~itai.  >Antij'etwc,
+j'etontac {\tt \\parindent = 0\NB{}pt} <'olec o<i par'agrafoi to~u
+>ent'upou d`en j`a >'eqoun >od'ontwsh. \toindex{noindent}
+
+{\narrower
+<'Enac pi`o e>'ukoloc tr'opoc gi`a n`a >el'egxoume t`o pl'atoc m'iac
+paragr'afou e>~inai n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`ic l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt
+\\rightskip} ka`i {\tt \\leftskip}.  >'Etsi, j'etontac {\tt \\leftskip =
+20 pt}, t`o >arister`o perij'wrio t~hc paragr'afou megal'wnei kat`a
+e>'ikosi stigm'ec.  >E`an j'eloume t`o >arister`o perij'wrio n`a 
+mikr'unei ka`i <h par'agrafoc n`a >epe\-ktaje~i >ekt`oc to~u >aristero~u
+<'or'iou t~hc sel'idac, d`en >'eqoume par`a n`a <or'isoume m'ia
+>arnhtik`h tim`h gi`a t`hn di'astash {\tt \\leftskip}.  Paromo'iwc,
+>all'azontac t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\rightskip}, kajor'izoume t`o dexi`o
+<'orio t~hc paragr'afou.  <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\narrower} d'inei t`o
+>'idio >apot'elesma <'opwc >e`an e>'iqame <or'isei t`ic tim`ec t~wn {\tt
+\\leftskip} ka`i {\tt \\rightskip} >'isec m`e t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt
+\\parindent}.  A>ut`o e>~inai suqn`a qr'hsimo gi`a t`hn par'ajesh  
+makr~wn dane'iwn qwr'iwn --- <eto'uth <h par'agrafoc e>~inai <'ena
+par'adeigma.  <'Opwc sumba'inei ka`i m`e t`o {\tt \\hsize}, <'otan
+<h par'agrafoc <oloklhr'wnetai t`o {\rm\TeX} lamb'anei <up'' >'oyh tou
+t`ic pi`o pr'osfatec tim`ec t~wn {\tt\\leftskip} ka`i {\tt\\rightskip}
+gi`a n`a t`hn stoiqeiojet'hsei. \TeXref{100} \par
+}
+\toindex{leftskip}
+\toindex{rightskip}
+\toindex{narrower}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste d'uo paragr'afouc m`e t`ic >ex~hc
+diast'aseic: t`o >arister`o perij'wrio ka`i t~wn d'uo paragr'afwn
+e>~inai megal'utero kat`a 1,5 >'intsec >ap`o t`o perij'wrio to~u <'olou
+>ent'upou; t`o dexi`o perij'wrio t~hc pr'wthc paragr'afou e>~inai kat`a 
+0,75 t~hc >'intsac megal'utero >ap`o a>ut`o to~u >ent'upou; ka`i t`o
+dexi`o perij'wrio t~hc de'uterhc paragr'afou e>~inai megal'utero s`e
+s'ugkrish m`e a>ut`o to~u >ent'upou kat`a 1,75 >'intsec.
+\bigskip
+
+\def\hangparagraph{%
+O<i >ar'adec (>`h >alli~wc {\tengs st'iqoi\/}) m'iac paragr'afou
+mporo~un n`a stoiqeiojethjo~un s`e diaforetik`a m'hkh qrhsimopoi'wntac  
+t`ic l'e\-xeic >el'eg\-qou {\tt \\hangindent} ka`i {\tt \\hangafter}. 
+T`o m'egejoc ka`i <h j'esh t~hc >o\-d'o\-ntw\-shc t~wn >ar'adwn
+>exart~wntai >ap`o t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\hangindent}. >E`an t`o {\tt
+\\hangindent} e>~inai jetik'o, <h >od'o\-ntw\-sh g'inetai >a\-p`o t`a
+>arister'a; >e`an e>~inai >ar\-nh\-ti\-k'o,  <h >od'ontwsh g'inetai
+>a\-p`o t`a dexi'a.  T`o poi'ec >ar'adec metatop'izontai kat`a t`hn
+>od'ontwsh >exart~atai >ap`o t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\hangafter}.  >E`an
+t`o {\tt \\hangafter} e>~inai jetik'o, t'ote <h tim`h tou kajor'izei t`o
+p'osec >ar'adec >ap`o t`hn >arq`h t~hc paragr'afou j`a >'eqoun pl~hrec
+pl'atoc (<'opwc a>ut`o kajor'izetai >ap`o t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt
+\\hsize}).  >'Etsi, >e`an >'eqoume {\tt \\hangindent = 1,75\NB in} ka`i
+{\tt \\hangafter =\NB{}6}, t'ote o<i <'exi pr~wtec >ar'adec j`a >'eqoun
+pl~hrec pl'atoc, >en`w gi`a t`ic <up'oloipec t`o >arister`o
+pe\-ri\-j'wrio j`a e>~inai kat`a 1,75 >'intsec megal'utero. >Ap`o t`hn
+>'al\-lh me\-ri'a, >e`an >'eqoume {\tt \\hangindent =
+\hbox{-1,75}\NB{}in} ka`i {\tt \\hangafter = -6}, t'ote o<i <'exi
+pr~wtec >ar'adec j`a >'eqoun >arister`o perij'wrio megal'utero kat`a
+1,75 >'intsec >ap`o t`ic <up'oloipec po`u j`a >'eqoun pl~hrec pl'atoc. 
+T`o {\rm \TeX} >epano\-r'izei {\tt \\hangindent = 0\NB{}pt} ka`i {\tt
+\\hangafter = 1} met`a t`o t'eloc k'a\-je para\-gr'a\-fou.  A>ut`ec o<i
+l'exeic >el'egqou e>~inai >idia'itera qr'hsimec gi`a paragr'afouc m`e
+>od'ontwsh, kaj`wc ka`i gi`a paragr'afouc o<i <opo~iec mpa'inoun g'urw
+>ap`o sq'hmata >`h e>ik'onec.
+\TeXref{355}%
+J'etontac t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\hang} st`hn >ar\-q`h t~hc
+paragr'afou, <h pr'w\-th >ar'ada j`a bge~i st`o pl~hrec pl'atoc thc,
+>en~w o<i <up'oloipec j`a >'eqoun >arister`o perij'wrio megal'utero
+kat`a t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\parindent}.\TeXref{102} <W\-st'o\-so, j`a
+pr'epei n`a qrhsi\-mopoi'h\-sou\-me ka`i t`hn >e\-nto\-l`h {\tt \\noindent}
+>e`an j'eloume <h pr'wth >ar'ada n`a m`hn >'eqei >od'ontwsh.
+\par}
+
+\hangafter=6 \hangindent=1.75in
+\hangparagraph
+\toindex{hangindent}
+\toindex{hangafter}
+\toindex{hang}
+
+<Or'iste xan`a <h parap'anw par'agrafoc m`e {\tt \\hangafter = -6} ka`i
+{\tt \\hangindent = -1,75 in}.
+
+\hangafter=-6 \hangindent=-1.75in \hangparagraph
+
+M`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\parshape} mporo~ume n`a
+<etoim'asoume paragr'afouc s`e megal'uterh poikil'ia diat'axewn.
+\TeXref{101}
+\toindex{parshape}
+
+M'ia >ak'oma l'exh >el'egqou pol`u qr'hsimh gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia    
+paragr'afwn e>~inai ka`i <h {\tt \\item}. Mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i   
+gi`a t`hn <etoimas'ia katal'ogwn <'opou kajet`i katagr'afetai          
+qwrist'a. Gr'afontac st`on k'wdik'a mac {\tt \\item\lb$\ldots$\rb},     
+dhmiourgo~ume m'ia par'agrafo m`e >arister`h >od'ontwsh (megal'utero
+>arister`o perij'wrio) <'osh ka`i <h tim`h to~u {\tt \\parindent}; 
+>epipl'eon <h pr'wth >ar'ada t~hc paragr'afou shmei'wnetai m`e <'o,ti   
+>'eqoume gr'ayei >ent`oc t~wn >agkul~wn.  Sun'hjwc <h l'exh >el'egqou   
+{\tt \\item} qrhsimopoie~itai m`e {\tt \\parskip = 0 pt}, >epeid`h
+a>ut`h <h teleuta'ia l'exh >el'egqou kajor'izei t`hn katak'orufh        
+>ap'ostash metax`u diaforetik~wn >antikeim'enwn >en`oc kata\-l'o\-gou. <H   
+l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\itemitem} m~ac d'inei t`o >'idio >apot'elesma
+<'opwc ka`i <h {\tt \\item}, m`e t`hn diafor`a <oti <h >od'ontwsh
+e>~inai dipl'asia, dhl.\ d'uo for`ec megal'uterh >ap`o t`hn tim`h to~u 
+{\tt\\parindent}.\TeXref{102} <Or'iste <'ena par'adeigma:
+\toindex{item}
+\toindex{itemitem}
+
+\beginliteral
+\parskip = 0pt \parindent = 30 pt
+\noindent
+Answer all the following questions:
+\item{(1)} What is question 1?
+\item{(2)} What is question 2?
+\item{(3)} What is question 3?
+\itemitem{(3a)} What is question 3a?
+\itemitem{(3b)} What is question 3b?
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+T`o >apot'elesma to~u parade'igmatoc e>~inai:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+\vbox{{\parskip = 0pt \parindent = 30 pt \rm
+\noindent
+Answer all the following questions:
+\item{(1)} What is question 1?
+\item{(2)} What is question 2?
+\item{(3)} What is question 3?
+\itemitem{(3a)} What is question 3a?
+\itemitem{(3b)} What is question 3b?
+}}
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste m'ia par'agrafo >arket~wn >ar'adwn ka`i           
+qrhsimopoi~hste t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\item} gi`a n`a de~ite t'i
+shma'inei >od'ontwsh. Kat'opin stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn >'idia
+par'a\-gra\-fo m`e diaforetik`ec tim`ec {\tt \\parindent} ka`i {\tt
+\\hsize}.
+\bigskip
+
+Ka`i t'wra >`ac do~ume p~wc <or'izoume t`o ken`o di'asthma metax`u t~wn 
+paragr'afwn.  <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\parskip} qrhsi\-mo\-poie~itai 
+gi`a t`on kajorism`o to~u keno~u diast'hmatoc metax`u t~wn paragr'afwn.
+>'Etsi loip'on, >e`an gr'ayoume {\tt \\parskip = 12\NB pt} st`hn >arq`h
+to~u >arqe'iou {\rm\TeX}, <h >ap'ostash metax`u t~hc b'ashc m'iac
+paragr'afou ka`i t~hc koruf~hc t~hc <ep'omenhc j`a e>~inai 12 stigm`ec
+s`e <'olo t`o >'entupo (>ekt`oc >e`an >epanor'isoume s`e k'apoio
+<ep'omeno shme~io to~u k'wdika t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\parskip}). 
+>Ep'ishc m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\vskip} mporo~ume n`a j'esoume
+pr'osjeto ken`o di'asthma metax`u d'uo paragr'afwn.  P.q., m`e {\tt
+\\vskip 1\NB{}in} prosj'etoume ken`o di'asthma m'iac >'intsac metax'u
+d'uo paragr'afwn, >en~w me {\tt \\vskip 20\NB{}pt} prosj'etoume ken`o
+di'asthma e>'ikosi stigm~wn.
+
+<Up'arqoun kanadu`o paraxeni`ec m`e t`o {\tt \\vskip}.  >E`an j'esoume
+{\tt \\vskip 3 in} ka`i t`o >epi\-pl'e\-on ken`o di'asthma xekin~a  d'uo
+>'intsec >ap`o t`o t'eloc t~hc sel'idac, t'ote {\tengs d`en\/} j`a
+prosteje~i m'ia >'intsa keno~u diast'hmatoc st`hn >arq`h t~hc <ep'omenhc
+sel'idac.  M`e >'alla l'ogia, {\tengb <h l'exh >el'eg\-qou} {\tt
+\\vskip} {\tengb d`en prosj'etei katak'akorufo ken`o di'asthma metax`u
+d'uo suneq'omenwn se\-l'i\-dwn}.  M'alista, <h >entol`h {\tt
+\\vskip\NB{}1\NB{}in} d`en j`a >'eqei kan'ena >apot'elesma >e`an
+>emfanisje~i st`hn koruf`h m'iac sel'idac!  St`ic periss'oterec
+peript'wseic, a>ut`o e>~inai pol`u swst'o. Gi`a par'adeigma, pr`in >ap`o
+k'aje t'itlo paragr'afou, sun'hjwc j'etoume l'igo parap'anw katak'orufo
+ken`o di'asthma, <'omwc a>ut`o t`o di'asthma d`en pr'epei n`a <up'arqei
+>e`an <o t'itloc t~hc paragr'afou xekin~a >ap`o t`hn koruf`h t~hc
+sel'idac.
+
+<'Ena par'omoio fain'omeno sumba'inei ka`i st`hn >arq`h to~u keim'enou.
+>E`an j'eloume, p.q., <o t'itloc to~u >ent'upou mac n`a br'isketai st`o
+m'eso t~hc sel'idac, d`en mporo~ume n`a prosj'esoume katak'orufo         
+ken`o di'asthma qrhsimopoi'wntac {\tt \\vskip}.
+
+<'Omwc p~wc j`a kataf'ername k'ati t'etoio?  J`a mporo'usame n`a
+xekin'hsoume t`hn sel'ida m`e <'ena {\tt\\\sp} >all`a a>ut`o j`a m~ac
+dhmiourg'hsei m'ia ken`h par'agrafo.  Ka`i >'etsi, par''\NB{}<'oti
+a>ut`h <h par'agrafoc d`en peri'eqei t'ipota, j`a mpe~i >epipl'eon ken`o
+di'asthma >ex ait'iac t~wn {\tt \\baselineskip} ka`i {\tt \\parskip}.
+M'ia e>ukol'wterh l'ush e>~inai n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`hn l'exh
+>el'egqou {\tt \\vglue} >ant`i t~hc {\tt \\vskip}.  >'Etsi j'etontac    
+{\tt \\vglue 1\NB{}in} j`a l'aboume katak'orufo ken`o di'asthma m'iac
+>'intsac st`hn koruf`h t~hc sel'idac.%
+\TeXref{352}
+\toindex{vglue}
+
+Ka`i mi~ac ka`i t`o >'efere <h koub'enta --- <up'arqei ka`i m'ia >ak'oma
+pi`o genik`h m'ejodoc gi`a n`a prosj'esoume k'ati (ken`o di'asthma,
+ke'imeno, k.lp.)\ st`hn koruf`h t~hc sel'idac m`e t`ic l'exeic >el'egqou
+{\tt \\topinsert} ka`i {\tt \\endinsert}.  >E`an gr'a\-you\-me {\tt
+\\topinsert $\ldots$ \\endinsert} s`e m'ia sel'ida to~u k'wdika, t`o
+<ulik`o metax`u t~wn {\tt \\topinsert} ka`i {\tt \\endinsert} j`a
+>emfanisje~i st`o >ep'anw m'eroc t~hc sel'idac --- >e`an beba'iwc t`o
+{\rm\TeX} bre~i <'oti <up'arqei q~wroc gi`a k'ati t'etoio. T`o
+<ep'omeno par'adeigma e>~inai pol`u qr'hsimo gi`a t`hn >'enjesh
+sqhm'atwn:%
+\TeXref{115}
+\toindex{topinsert}
+\toindex{endinsert}
+
+\vbox{
+   \beginuser
+   \\topinsert
+   \\vskip 1 in
+   \\centerline\lb Figure 1\rb
+   \\endinsert
+   \enduser
+}
+
+T'eloc, <up'arqoun ka`i merik`ec e>idik`ec l'exeic >el'egqou gi`a mikr`a
+katak'orufa ken`a dia\-st'h\-mata.  A>ut`ec e>~inai: {\tt \\smallskip},
+{\tt \\medskip} ka`i {\tt \\bigskip}. <Or'iste t`o m'egejoc kajen`oc
+>ap`o a>ut`a t`a ken'a:
+\smallskip
+\def\hrl{\hrule width .5 in}
+\centerline{{\tt \\smallskip}: \vbox{\hrl \smallskip \hrl} \quad
+            {\tt \\medskip}: \vbox{\hrl \medskip \hrl} \quad
+            {\tt \\bigskip}: \vbox{\hrl \bigskip \hrl}
+            }
+\toindex{smallskip}
+\toindex{medskip}
+\toindex{bigskip}
+
+\subsection{<H di'ataxh t~hc >ar'adac}
+
+St`a periss'otera ke'imena, t`o {\rm\TeX} t`a kataf'ernei >arket`a
+kal`a m`e t`hn kop`h t~wn >ar'adwn s`e paragr'afouc.  <'Omwc,
+merik`ec for`ec e>~inai >anagka~io n`a to~u d'wsoume k'apoiec para\-p'anw
+<odhg'iec.  >'Etsi e>~inai dunat`o n`a prokal'esoume t`hn >ap'otomh
+kop`h m'iac >ar'adac ka`i t`hn sun'eqish to~u keim'enou st`hn <ep'omenh
+>ar'ada, j'etontac st`on k'wdika: {\tt \\hfill \\break}.  E>~inai
+>ep'ishc dunat`o n`a dhmiourg'hsoume m'ia >ar'ada po`u n`a >ekte'inetai
+>ap`o t`o <'ena >'akro t~hc sel'idac >'ewc t`o >'allo m`e t`hn l'exh
+>el'egqou {\tt \\line\lb $\ldots$\rb}; >'etsi t`o ke'imeno po`u >'eqei
+grafe~i >ent`oc t~wn >agkul~wn j`a tentwje~i <'wste n`a katal'abei
+m'ia >ar'ada (par''\NB{}<'oti t`o >apot'elesma mpore~i n`a e>~inai
+a>isjhtik`a >apar'adekto).  O<i l'exeic >el'egqou  {\tt \\leftline\lb
+$\ldots$\rb}, {\tt \\rightline\lb $\ldots$\rb} ka`i {\tt \\centerline\lb
+$\ldots$\rb} qrhsimopoio~untai gi`a n`a dhmiourghje~i m`e t`o ke'imeno
+>ent`oc >agkul~wn m'ia  >ar'ada po`u j`a e>~inai >ant'istoiqa kollhm'enh
+st`o >arister`o >'akro t~hc sel'idac (>arister`h sto'iqish), kollhm'enh
+st`o dexi`o >'akro t~hc sel'idac (dexi`a sto'iqish), >`h
+topo\-jeth\-m'enh st`o k'entro t~hc sel'idac (k'entrwsh). 
+Kat''\NB{}a>ut`on t`on tr`opo, <o <ep'omenoc k'wdikac {\rm \TeX}
+\toindex{hfill}
+\toindex{break}
+\toindex{centerline}
+\toindex{leftline}
+\toindex{rightline}
+\toindex{line}
+
+\beginliteral
+\leftline{I'm over on the left.}
+\centerline{I'm in the @centre.}
+\rightline{I'm on the right.}
+\line{I just seem to be spread out all over the place.}
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+dhmiourge~i t`ic >ex~hc t'esseric >ar'adec:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+%%%%%% supress underfulls reported
+\hbadness = 10000 {\rm
+\leftline{I'm over on the left.}
+\centerline{I'm in the \center.}
+\rightline{I'm on the right.}
+\line{I just seem to be spread out all over the place.}
+}
+
+>'Allou e>'idouc ken`a diast'hmata >ent`oc >ar'adwn mporo~ume n`a
+l'aboume m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\hfil}.  A>ut`h <h l'exh
+>el'egqou prokale~i t`hn sugk'etrwsh <'olou to~u keno~u diast'hmatoc    
+m'iac >ar'adac st`o shme~io <'opou br'isketai. >E`an >all'axoume t`on
+k'wdika to~u teleuta'iou parade'igmatoc s'e: {\tt \\line\lb I just seem
+to be spread out \\hfil all over the place.\rb}, t`o >apot'e\-le\-sma
+j`a e>~inai: \hfil\break
+\medskip
+{\rm
+\line{I just seem to be spread out \hfil all over the place.}
+}
+\medskip
+
+>E`an gr'ayoume periss'oterec >ap`o m'ia for`a t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\hfil}, t`o ken`o di'asthma t~hc >ar'adac moi\-r'a\-ze\-tai s`e >'isa
+m`erh metax`u t~wn {\tt \\hfil}.  >'Etsi, <o parak'atw k'wdikac {\rm
+\TeX} {\tt \\line\lb left text \\hfil \centre{} text\\hfil right
+text.\rb} d'inei
+\medskip
+{\rm
+\line{left text \hfil \centre{} text \hfil right text.}
+}
+\toindex{hfil}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn <ep'omenh >ar'ada:\hfil\break
+{\rm
+\line{left end \hfil left tackle \hfil left guard \hfil \centre{} \hfil
+right guard \hfil right tackle \hfil right end}
+}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn <ep'omenh >ar'ada >'etsi <'wste t`o
+ken`o di'asthma metax`u t~wn l'exewn (({\rm left})) ka`i (({\rm
+right-\centre{}})) n`a e>~inai dipl'asio >ap`o a>ut`o metax`u t~wn      
+l'exewn (({\rm right-\centre{}})) ka`i (({\rm right})):\hfil\break
+{\rm
+\line{left \hfil \hfil right-\centre{} \hfil right}
+}
+
+>Ak'oma, e>~inai dunat`o n`a prosj'esoume <oriz'ontio ken`o di'asthma
+>ent`oc m'iac >ar'adac qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\hskip} kat`a tr'opo >an'alogo m`e t`hn per'iptwsh to~u {\tt \\vskip}. 
+\toindex{hskip}
+
+\exercise T'i sumba'inei m`e t`on parak'atw k'wdika?\hfil\break {\tt
+\\line\lb\\hskip 1 in ONE \\hfil TWO \\hfil THREE\rb}
+\bigskip
+
+\hbadness = 1000
+%%%%%%% restore original \hbadness
+
+>E`an j'eloume k'apoiec sel'idec >`h ka`i <'olo t`o >'entup'o   
+mac n`a m`hn e>~inai stoiqism'eno (>alli~wc, {\tengs n`a m`hn >'eqei
+perasi'a\/}) >ap`o t`hn dexi`a pleur'a, d`en >'eqoume par`a n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\raggedright}.
+\toindex{raggedright}
+
+T'eloc, m'ia >ak'oma pol`u qr'hsimh l'exh >el'egqou gi`a t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia poihm'atwn >`h k'wdika programm'atwn e>~inai <h
+{\tt\\obeylines}. <H {\tt\\obeylines} >isoduname~i m`e t`hn <'uparxh
+m'iac l'exhc >el'egqou {\tt\\par} st`o t'eloc k'aje gramm~hc; >'etsi t`o
+{\rm\TeX} >anagk'azetai n`a k'obei k'aje >ar'ada >akrib~wc st`o shme~io
+<'opou k'obetai <h >ant'istoiqh gramm`h to~u k'wdik'a mac.  J`a pr'epei
+<'omwc n`a e>'imasje prosektiko`i ka`i n`a perikle'ioume t`o po'ihm'a
+mac m`e >agk'ulec, giat`i diaforetik`a <'oloc <o k'wdik'ac mac j`a m~ac
+stoiqeiojethje~i <wc <'ena po'ihma. >Ep'ishc, j`a pr'epei n`a <or'izoume
+swst`a t`o m'egejoc {\tt\\parskip} <'wste n`a m`hn e>~inai <uperbolik`a
+meg'alo t`o di'astiqo. <Or'iste <'ena sqetik`o par'adeigma:\TeXref{92}
+\toindex{obeylines}
+
+\beginliteral@obeyspaces
+{\obeylines\parskip=0pt\narrower
+Nous n'avons pas les yeux \`a l'\'epreuve des belles,
+\qquad\qquad Ni les mains \`a celle de l'or :
+\qquad\qquad Peu de gens gardent un tr\'esor
+\qquad\qquad Avec des soins assez fid\`eles.
+\medskip
+\rightline{Jean de La Fontaine, {\it Fables}, Livre VIII, vii} 
+}
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+<O parap'anw k'wdikac m~ac d'inei:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+{\rm\obeylines\parskip=0pt\narrower
+Nous n'avons pas les yeux \`a l'\'epreuve des belles,
+\qquad\qquad Ni les mains \`a celle de l'or :
+\qquad\qquad Peu de gens gardent un tr\'esor
+\qquad\qquad Avec des soins assez fid\`eles.
+\medskip
+\rightline{Jean de La Fontaine, {\it Fables}, Livre VIII, vii} 
+}
+
+\subsection{<Uposhmei'wseic}
+
+<O genik`oc tr'opoc gi`a n`a dhmiourg'hsoume m'ia <uposhme'iwsh m`e t`o
+{\rm \TeX} e>~inai n`a gr'ayoume st`on k'wdika: {\tt
+\\footnote\lb$\ldots$\rb\lb$\ldots$\rb}\null.
+
+T`o s'umbolo t~hc <uposhme'iwshc mpa'inei m'esa st`ic d'uo pr~wtec
+>agk'ulec: merik`a >ap`o t`a pl'eon kat'allhla s'umbola po`u diaj'etei
+t`o {\rm \TeX} gi`a <uposhmei'wseic e>~inai t'a: {\tt \\dag (\dag)},
+{\tt \\ddag (\ddag)}, {\tt \\S (\S)} ka`i {\tt \\P (\P)}\null.  T`o
+ke'imeno t~hc <uposhme'iwshc mpa'inei >an'amesa st`ic d'uo de'uterec    
+>agk'ulec.  <H stoiqeiojes'ia >arijmhm'enwn <uposhmei'wsewn e>~inai
+l'igaki pi`o pol'uplokh. Gi`a par'adeigma, <h <uposhme'iwsh%            
+\footnote{${}^{21}$}{\rm This is the footnote at the bottom of the
+page.}
+st`o k'atw m'eroc <eto'uthc t~hc sel'idac dhmiourg'hjhke gr'afontac     
+>am'eswc met`a t`hn l'exh ((<uposhme'iwsh)) t`on k'wdika: {\tt
+\\footnote\lb\$\lb \rb\^{}\lb{21}\rb\$\rb\lb\\rm This is the footnote at
+the bottom of the page.\rb} A>ut`oc <o k'wdikac >'iswc m~ac fa'inetai
+k'apwc pol'uplokoc, >all`a j`a t`on katal'aboume kal'utera m'olic
+>anaferjo~ume st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn keim'enwn. Pr`oc
+stigm'hn, >`ac t`on deqjo~ume <wc >'eqei, mi~ac ka`i k'anei t`hn doulei'a
+tou. >Ak'oma, >e`an j'eloume n`a e>'imaste s'igouroi <'oti <h
+<uposhme'iwsh j`a stoiqeiojethje~i st`on t'upo po`u >eme~ic j'eloume,
+mporo~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume m'ia >entol`h >allag~hc t'upou, p.q.,
+{\tt \\rm} gi`a latinik`a stoiqe~ia t'upou {\rm roman}, st`hn >arq`h
+to~u keim'enou t~hc <uposhme'iwshc. T'eloc, kal`o j`a >~htan n`a m`hn
+>af'hnoume ken`o di'asthma metax`u t~hc l'exhc >el'egqou {\tt
+\\footnote} ka`i t~hc prohgo'umenhc l'exhc to~u k'uriou keim'enou ---
+diaforetik'a, t`o shme~io t~hc <uposhme'iwshc j`a e>~inai
+((xekr'emasto)).%
+\TeXref{117}
+\toindex{footnote}
+\toindex{dag}
+\toindex{ddag}
+\toindex{S}
+\toindex{P}
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste m'ia sel'ida m`e m'ia meg'alh <uposhme'iwsh
+>arket~wn >ar'adwn.
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste m'ia sel'ida m`e d'uo diaforetik`ec
+<uposhmei'wseic.
+
+
+\subsection{<H kefal`h ka`i t`o p'odi t~hc sel'idac}
+
+O<i >ar'adec t~wn t'itlwn ka`i t~wn >arijm~wn t~wn sel'idwn po`u
+mpa'inoun st`o >ep'anw >`h t`o k'atw m'eroc  to~u s'wmatoc (dhl.\ st`hn
+kefal`h >`h t`o p'odi), dhmiourgo~untai <or'izontac st`on k'wdika: {\tt
+\\headline=\lb$\dots$\rb} ka`i {\tt \\footline=\lb$\dots$\rb}\
+>ant'istoiqa.%
+\TeXref{252--253}
+           
+<H >arq`h t~hc stoiqeiojes'iac kefal~hc >`h podio~u st`hn sel'ida mac
+e>~inai <h >'idia m''\NB a>ut`hn t~hc stoiqeiojes'iac >ar'adwn m`e t`hn
+l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\line\lb $\dots$\rb}\null. M'ia pol`u qr'hsimh
+l'exh >el'egqou gi`a t`hn per'iptwsh <eto'uth e>~inai ka`i <h {\tt
+\\pageno}, <h <opo'ia e>~inai <'enac metrht`hc po`u katagr'afei t`on
+>arijm`o t~hc sel'idac.  >'Etsi <o k'wdikac {\tt \\headline=\lb\\hfil
+\\rm Page \\the\\pageno\rb} j`a m~ac d'wsei m'ia kefal`h <h <opo'ia
+j`a peri'eqei t`hn l'exh (({\rm Page})) ka`i t`on >arijm`o t~hc sel'idac
+st`o dex'i thc >'akro (t'wra koit'axte st`hn >ep'anw dexi`a gwn'ia t~hc
+sel'idac).  
+%
+\headline={\hfil \rm Page \the\pageno} %example for this page
+%
+E>~inai pi`o >asfal`ec n`a <or'isoume >akri\-b~wc s`e poi'on t'upo
+j'eloume n`a stoiqeiojethje~i <h kefal`h >`h t`o p'odi t~hc sel'idac,
+giat`i >alli~wc mpore~i n`a brejo~ume pr`o >ekpl'hxewn! (St`hn
+per'iptwsh to~u parade'igmatoc, gr'ayame {\tt \\rm} gi`a n`a bge~i <h
+kefal`h s`e latinik`a stoiqe~ia t'upou {\rm roman}.) <H l'exh >el'egqou
+{\tt \\the} pa'irnei t`hn tim`h <en`oc metrht~h, <'opwc to~u {\tt
+\\pageno}, ka`i t`hn tup'wnei <wc kanonik`o ke'imeno. Mporo~ume >ep'ishc
+n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\folio}, >ant`i to~u
+k'wdika {\tt \\the \\pageno}. <H diafor`a t~wn d'uo tr'opwn gi`a t`hn
+>ekt'upwsh to~u >arijmo~u t~hc sel'idac e>~inai <'oti t`o {\tt \\folio}
+j`a d'wsei latiniko`uc >arijmo`uc (p.q., {\rm iii}, {\rm xiv}, k.lp.)\
+<'otan <h tim`h to~u {\tt \\pageno} e>~inai >arnhtik'h.
+\toindex{headline}
+\toindex{footline}
+\toindex{pageno}
+\toindex{the}
+\toindex{folio}
+
+>E`an j'eloume o<i sel'idec sac n`a mhn >'eqoun t`hn sunhjism'enh
+>ar'ijmhsh, t'ote mporo~ume n`a <or'isoume t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt
+\\pageno}. T`o {\rm \TeX} j`a tup'wsei to`uc >arijmo`uc t~wn sel'idwn   
+<wc latiniko`uc >e`an d'wsoume >arnhtik`ec tim`ec st`on metrht`h t~wn
+sel'idwn.  P.q., j'etontac {\tt \\pageno=-1} st`hn >arq`h to~u k'wdika,
+o<i >arijmo`i <'olwn t~wn sel'idwn to~u >ent'upou j`a bgo~un <wc
+latiniko'i.\TeXref{252} Diaforetik`ec kefal`ec mporo~un n`a
+<orisjo~un gi`a mon`ec >`h zug`ec sel'idec, s'umfwna m`e t`on >ak'oloujo
+tr'opo:  
+
+{\tt
+\\headline=\lb\\ifodd \\pageno \lb\dots\rb \\else \lb\dots\rb\\fi\rb}
+
+\noindent
+<'opou t`o ke'imeno po`u br'isketai >ent`oc t~wn d'uo pr'wtwn >agkul~wn 
+qrhsimopoie~itai <wc kefal`h dexi~wn sel'idwn, ka`i t`o ke'imeno >ent`oc
+t~wn de'uterwn >agkul~wn <wc kefal`h >arister~wn sel'idwn.
+
+\exercise >All'axte t`o p'odi <en`oc >ent'upou sac >'etsi <'wste n`a
+peri'eqei st`o k'entro t`on >arijm`o t~hc sel'idac >an'amesa s`e d'uo
+<apl`ec pa~ulec ({\rm en-dash}).
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%% restore original headline
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\headline={\iftitlepage \hfil \global\titlepagefalse
+                                      \else \gentleheadline \fi}
+
+\subsection{X'eqeila ka`i >'adeia pla'isia}
+
+\nobreak
+
+M'ia >ap`o t`ic pl'eon >ekneuristik`ec >empeir'iec po`u >'eqoun <'oloi
+o<i n'eoi qr~hstec to~u {\rm \TeX} e>~inai <h >emf'anish x'eqeilwn ({\rm
+overfull}) ka`i >'adeiwn ({\rm underfull}) {\tengs kouti~wn\/} >`h
+{\tengs plais'iwn}.  Gi`a t`o {\rm \TeX}, <'ena pla'isio e>~inai <'ena
+noht`o parallhl'ogramo qwr`ic <orat`h per'imetro po`u peri'eqei <'ena pl~hjoc
+stoiqe'iwn s`e sugkekrim'enec j'eseic. T`o {\rm \TeX} katagr'afei <'ola
+t`a problhmatik`a pla'isia <'ena-pr`oc-<'ena st`o >arqe~io {\tt .log},
+kaj`wc >ep'ishc m~ac t`a de'iqnei ka`i st`hn >oj'onh >ef'' <'oson t`o
+pr'ogramma tr'eqei <wc >al\-lhlo\-epi\-dr'on. T`o xeqe'ilisma to~u
+keim'enou p'era >ap`o t`o dexi`o <'orio t~hc sel'idac shmei'wnetai ka`i
+st`o >'entup'o mac m`e mikr`o ma~uro parallhl'ogrammo (s`an
+a>ut'o:\NB{}\vrule width \overfullrule $\,$) st`o dex`i perij'wrio.  T`o
+shm'adi a>ut`o mpa'inei >'estw ka`i >`an d`en <up'arqei kan'ena l'ajoc
+st`on k'wdika.  T'i e>~inai loip`on a>ut`o t`o shm'adi ka`i p~wc
+mporo~ume n`a t`o >apof'ugoume?
+
+<'Enac kal`oc tr'opoc gi`a n`a katal'aboume p~wc t`o {\rm \TeX}
+fti'aqnei m'ia sel'ida e>~inai n`a jewr'hsoume <'oti t`o kajet`i po`u
+tup'wnetai st`hn sel'ida e>~inai <'ena >orjog'wnio parallhl'ogrammo
+pla'isio ({\rm box}).  <Up'arqoun d'uo e>id~wn noht`a pla'isia gi`a t`o
+{\rm \TeX}, t`a >apokalo'umena {\sl hbox\/} ka`i {\sl vbox}.  T`ic
+periss'oterec for'ec, t`a pr~wta >antistoiqo~un st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
+keim'enou s`e <oriz'ontiec >ar'adec, >en~w t`a de'utera s`e paragr'afouc
+po`u topojeto~untai katak'orufa <h m'ia >ep'anw st`hn >'allh.  Sunep~wc,
+t`o <uperbolik`a meg'alo pl'atoc <en`oc {\rm hbox} po`u >antistoiqe~i
+s`e m'ia >ar'ada to~u >ent'upou e>~inai >aut`o po`u prokale~i t`hn
+>emf'anish to~u\NB{}\vrule width \overfullrule$\,$.
+
+>`Ac jumhjo~ume <'oti t`o {\rm \TeX} diab'azei pr~wta m'ia <ol'oklhrh
+par'agrafo ka`i kat'opin t`hn k'obei s`e >ar'adec.  A>ut`h <h
+>epexergas'ia ka`i stoiqeiojes'ia <olokl'hrwn paragr'afwn >'eqei k'apoio
+sugkekrim'eno skop'o; >e`an t`o {\rm \TeX} di'abaze ka`i
+stoiqeiojeto~use m'ia >ar'ada t`hn for'a, t'ote m'ia mikr`h belt'iwsh
+t~hc paro'usac >ar'adac mpore~i n`a kat'elhge s`e kak`h stoiqeioj'ethsh
+m'iac >'allhc >ar'adac l'igo pi`o k'atw st`hn >'idia par'agrafo. <'Otan
+loip`on t`o {\rm \TeX} topojete~i t`ic l'exeic m'iac >ar'adac t`hn m'ia
+d'ipla st`hn >'allh, b'azei metax'u touc k'apoio ken`o di'asthma >'etsi
+<'wste n`a g'inei swst`h sto'iqish to~u keim'enou st`o dex`i perij'wrio.
+Profan~wc, d`en e>~inai >epijumht`o t`o di'asthma metax`u t~wn l'exewn  
+n`a e>~inai pol`u meg'alo; t`o p'oso >'asqhmh e>~inai <h >emf'anish t~hc   
+>ar'adac (st`hn gl'wssa to~u {\rm \TeX}: {\rm badness}), >exart~atai
+>ap`o t`o ken`o di'asthma metax`u t~wn l'exewn.  <'Ena >'adeio ({\rm
+underfull}) {\rm hbox}, shma'inei <'oti <up'arqei pol`u ken`o di'asthma
+metax`u t~wn l'exewn.  T`o {\rm \TeX} baj\-mo\-lo\-ge~i t`o k'aje
+pla'isio m`e <'enan bajm`o {\rm badness}: >e`an <o bajm`oc a>ut`oc gi`a
+m'ia >ar'ada e>~inai 0, <h >ar'ada a>ut`h e>~inai t'eleia; >e`an e>~inai
+10000, <h >ar'ada e>~inai >apa'isia.  <Up'arqei m'ia par'ametroc po`u
+<onom'azetai {\tt \\hbadness} ka`i po`u <h >arqik'h thc tim`h e>~inai
+1000\null. <Opoiad'hpote >ar'ada m`e bajm`o {\rm badness} megal'utero
+>ap`o t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\hbadness} j`a >anaferje~i <wc {\rm
+underfull hbox}. >E`an <or'isoume m'ia megal'uterh tim`h gi`a t`hn {\tt
+\\hbadness}, t'ote <o >arijm`oc t~wn {\rm underfull hbox} po`u j`a m~ac
+>anaf'erei t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a >elattwje~i.  M'alista, >e`an j'esoume {\tt
+\\hbadness = 10000}, t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en j`a m~ac >anaf'erei kan'ena
+{\rm undefull hbox}.  Kat`a tr'opo par'omoio, >e`an o<i l'exeic m'iac
+>ar'adac pr'epei n`a strimwqjo~un ka`i <h >ar'ada >ekte'inetai >ent`oc
+to~u dexio~u perijwr'iou, dhmiourge~itai <'ena x'eqeilo ({\rm overfull})
+{\rm hbox}.
+\toindex{hbadness}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} >epitr'epei merik`ec for`ec o<i >ar'adec n`a
+>ekte'inontai kat`a t`i >ent`oc to~u dexio~u perijwr'iou, dhl.\ n`a     
+>'eqoun pl'atoc megal'utero >ap`o t`hn tim`h {\tt \\hsize}, prokeim'enou
+<h par'agrafoc n`a e>~inai pi`o <omoi'omorfh (ka`i >'omorfh).  <H l'exh
+>el'egqou {\tt \\tolerance} kajor'izei t`o p'ote sumba'inei a>ut'o.     
+>E`an <o bajm`oc {\rm badness} m'iac >ar'adac e>~inai megal'uteroc >ap`o
+t`hn tim`h {\tt \\tolerance}, t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a k'anei t`hn >ar'ada
+megal'uterh prosj'etontac m'ia n'ea l'exh st`o t'eloc t~hc >ar'adac,
+>'estw ka`i >`an a>ut`o k'anei t`o pl'atoc t~hc >ar'adac megal'utero
+>ap`o t`o {\tt \\hsize}.  M'ia >ar'ada po`u t`o pl'atoc thc m'olic
+xepern~a t`o {\tt \\hsize} d`en j`a >anaferje~i >ap`o t`o {\rm
+\TeX}\null. <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\hfuzz} e>~inai a>ut`h po`u
+kajor'izei p'oso >epitr'epetai t`o pl'atoc m'iac >ar'adac n`a xepern~a
+t`o {\tt\\hsize}.  <H >arqik`h tim'h thc e>~inai: {\tt \\hfuzz         
+=\NB{}0,1\NB{}pt}.  M'ia >ar'ada po`u e>is'erqetai periss'otero >ap`o
+{\tt \\hfuzz} st`o dexi`o perij'wrio dhmiourge~i pr'oblhma; t`o
+{\rm\TeX} m~ac t`o de'iqnei b'azontac t`o 
+shm'adi\NB{}\vrule width\overfullrule$\,$.  E>~inai dunat`o n`a
+>apof'ugoume t`hn parous'ia t~wn x'eqeilwn {\rm hbox}, megal'wnontac
+t`hn tim`h to~u {\tt \\tolerance}.  M`e {\tt \\tolerance = 10000}, d`en
+j`a do~ume pot`e t`o {\rm \TeX} n`a  paraponi'etai gi`a {\rm overfull
+box}.  <H >arqik`h tim`h to~u {\tt \\tolerance} e>~inai 200.%
+\TeXref{29}
+\toindex{hfuzz}
+\toindex{tolerance}
+
+T`o pl'atoc to~u shmadio~u \vrule width \overfullrule\ kajor'izetai m`e
+t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\overfullrule}.  <Or'i\-zon\-tac st`o
+k'wdik'a mac {\tt \\overfullrule = 0 pt}, >apofe'ugoume t`hn >emf'anish
+a>ut~wn t~wn >enoqlhtik~wn shmadi~wn.  T`a x'eqeila pla'isia j`a
+parame'inoun; m'ono po`u j`a e>~inai pi`o d'uskolo n`a t`a
+>ento\-p'i\-soume.
+\toindex{overfullrule}
+
+E>'idame loip`on gi`a poi'o l'ogo >emfan'izontai x'eqeila >`h >'adeia
+pla'isia.  E>'idame >ep'ishc <'oti mporo~ume n`a k'anoume t`o {\rm \TeX}
+n`a stamat'hsei t`a par'apona >all'azontac t`ic tim`ec t~wn {\tt
+\\badness}, {\tt \\hfuzz} ka`i {\tt \\tolerance}. >Epipl'eon, m'ia
+mikr`h tim`h to~u {\tt \\hsize}, profan~wc, k'anei pi`o d'uskolh t`hn
+t`hn kop`h t~wn >ar'adwn ka`i prokale~i periss'otera probl'hmata m`e
+x'eqeila ka`i >'adeia pla'isia.  S`e <'olec t`ic peript'wseic m`e
+problhmatik`a pla'isia t`o {\rm \TeX} m~ac d'inei k'apoiec
+proeidopoi'hseic po`u mporo~ume ka`i n`a t`ic >agno'hsoume, <'omwc  t`o
+kr'ima j`a e>~inai <'olo dik'o mac!
+
+Bohj'wntac l'igo st`on sullabism`o t~wn l'exewn, mporo~ume n`a
+>apof'ugoume <orism'ena pro\-bl'h\-ma\-ta m`e x'eqeila ka`i >'adeia
+pla'isia. T`o {\rm \TeX} gnwr'izei pol`u kal`a p~wc n`a sullab'izei
+>agglik`ec l'exeic (ka`i >'iswc k'apoiec m`h >agglik'ec). <'Omwc e>~inai
+dunat`o >eme~ic n`a <or'isoume n'ea shme~ia sullabismo~u <'opou j`a
+>epitr'epetai <h kop`h m'iac l'exhc ka`i kat`a sun'epeia ka`i <h kop`h
+m'iac <ol'oklhrhc >ar'adac. Gi`a par'adeigma, <o a>ut'omatoc
+mhqanism`oc sullabismo~u to~u {\rm \TeX} pot`e d`en j`a k'oyei t`hn
+l'exh {\rm database}.  >E`an <'omwc gr'ayoume t`hn l'exh a>ut`h st`on
+k'wdik'a mac <wc {\tt data\\-base}, t'o\-te t`o {\rm \TeX} katalaba'inei
+<'oti mpore~i n`a k'oyei a>ut`h t`hn l'exh met`a t`o de'utero (({\rm
+a})).  Genik'wtera, >e`an gr'ayoume st`hn >arq`h to~u k'wdika {\tt
+\\hyphenation\lb data-base\rb}, t'ote s`e <'olec t`ic <ep'omenec
+>emfan'iseic t~hc l'exhc {\rm database} t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a gnwr'izei
+p~wc n`a k'anei t`on swst`o sullabism'o thc.\TeXref{28} T`o >arqe~io
+{\tt .log} de'iqnei <'ola t`a pijan`a shme~ia sullabismo~u t~hc >ar'adac
+>eke'inhc <'opou >em\-fa\-n'i\-sjhke <'ena pr'oblhma {\rm overfull} >`h
+{\rm underfull}. Merik`ec for'ec, ka`i k'apoiec mikroallag`ec st`o
+ke'imeno bohjo~un st`hn >apofug`h t'etoiwn problhm'atwn.
+\toindex{hyphenation}
+
+<H suz'hths'h mac m'eqric >ed~w, peristr'afhke g'urw >ap`o t`o j'ema    
+t~hc stoiqeiojes'iac >ar'adwn s`e paragr'afouc. Par'omoia m`e t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia >ar'adwn, g'inetai ka`i <h katak'orufh topo\-j'e\-thsh
+t~hc m'iac paragr'afou >ep'anw st`hn >'allh gi`a t`hn dhmiourg'ia t~hc
+sel'idac.  Kat`a sun'epeia, t`o {\rm \TeX} mpore~i n`a paraponeje~i gi`a
+x'eqeila >`h >'adeia katak'orufa pla'isia ({\rm vbox}), <'opwc j`a
+parapono~utan gi`a x'eqeila >`h >'adeia <oriz'ontia pla'isia ({\rm
+hbox}).  P.q., <'enac meg'aloc p'inakac <o <opo~ioc d`en mpore~i n`a
+kope~i st`hn m'esh j`a >anaferje~i st`o >arqe~io {\tt .log} <wc (({\rm
+overfull vbox})).  <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\vbadness} e>~inai t`o
+>an'alogo t~hc l'exhc >el'egqou {\tt \\hbadness} gi`a t`hn katak'orufh
+topoj'ethsh paragr'afwn, k.lp.
+\toindex{vbadness}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste merik`ec paragr'afouc m`e di'aforec (mikr`ec
+>`h meg'alec) tim`ec {\tt \\hsize}, gi`a n`a de~ite t'i e>~idouc
+x'eqeila {\rm hbox} j`a s~ac parousiasto~un. >Epa\-na\-l'a\-be\-te t`hn
+>'askhsh m`e di'aforec tim`ec t~wn {\tt \\hbadness}, {\tt \\hfuzz} ka`i
+{\tt \\tolerance}.
+
+\section{$\Bigl\{$S'unola, $\bigl\{$<upos'unola
+        $\{$ka`i <upo"upos'unola$\}\bigr\}\Bigr\}$}
+
+<H sugk'entrwsh keim'enou s`e {\tengs s'unola\/} >`h
+{\tengs <om'adec\/} >`h {\tengs topik`a ped'ia dr'ashc\/} po`u
+diakr'inontai >ap`o k'apoio >idia'itero koin`o qarakthristik`o (p.q.,
+t'upoc stoiqe'iwn) e>~inai k'ati po`u <aplouste'uei shmanti\-k'wtata
+t`hn <'olh >ergas'ia t~hc stoiqeiojes'iac.  <'Omwc t'i e>~inai >akrib~wc
+<'ena s'unolo gi`a t`o {\rm \TeX}?  >`Ac xekin'hsoume l'egontac
+<'oti <'ena n'eo s'unolo st`on k'wdik'a mac >arq'izei m`e t`on
+qarakt'hra {\tt\lb} (t`o >arister`o >'agkistro) ka`i telei'wnei m`e t`on
+qarakt'hra {\tt\rb} (t`o dexi`o >'agkistro).  <'Opoiec >all'agec
+ka`i n`a k'anoume >ent`oc <en`oc sun'olou, d`en >'eqoun ka\-m'ia >ep'idrash
+m'olic t`o s'unolo kle'isei. P.q., >e`an st`o >arqe~io {\rm \TeX}
+gr'ayoume {\tt \lb \\bf three boldface words\rb}, t`o pr~wto >'agkistro
+<or'izei t`hn >arq`h to~u sun'olou, <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\bf}
+diat'azei t`o {\rm \TeX} n`a >arq'isei n`a stoiqeiojete~i s`e >'entonouc
+t'upouc ({\rm boldface}), ka`i t`o de'utero >'agkistro kle'inei t`o
+s'unolo.  M`e t`o kle'isimo to~u sun'olou, t`o {\rm \TeX} stamat~a t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia s`e >'entonouc t'upouc ka`i suneq'izei st`on >'idio t'upo
+po`u qrhsimopoio~use pr`in t`hn >arq`h to~u sun'olou.  A>ut`oc e>~inai
+<o e>ukol'wteroc tr'opoc gi`a n`a k'anoume parembol`ec st`o ke'imen'o
+mac m`e diaforetik`o t'upo (pl'agia, >'entona, k.lp.)\null.  E>~inai
+>ep'ishc dunat`on n`a >'eqoume <'ena s'unolo <wc m'eroc --- dhl.\ <wc
+<upos'unolo --- <en`oc megal'uterou sun'olou (st`hn gl'wssa t~wn
+pro\-gram\-mati\-st~wn mil~ame gi`a {\rm nested local scope groups}).
+
+\def\sectiontitle{$\Bigl\{$S'unola, $\bigl\{$<upos'unola 
+$\dots \bigr\}\Bigr\}$}
+
+<Wc <'ena >ak'oma par'adeigma, >`ac do~ume p~wc g'inontai k'apoiec
+proswrin`ec >allag`ec s`e diast'aseic to~u >ent'upou.  Gr'a\-fo\-ntac
+loip`on t`a >ak'olouja st`on k'wdik'a mac
+\beginuser
+\lb
+\\hsize = 4 in
+\\parindent = 0 pt
+\\leftskip = 1 in
+\\TeX\\ will produce a paragraph that is four
+$\vdots$
+(this is an easy mistake to make).
+\\par
+\rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent 
+j`a l'aboume m'ia par'agrafo pl'atouc 4 >ints~wn m`e >od'ontwsh m'iac
+>'intsac s`e <'olo t`o <'uyoc thc (ka\-ja\-r`o pl'atoc >ar'adac 3
+>'intsec).  <H parak'atw par'agrafoc, po`u e>~inai o>usiastik`a <eto~uto
+t`o ke'imeno metafrasm'eno st`hn >agglik`h gl'wssa, >apotele~i <'ena
+par'adeigma. M`e t'eloc to~u sun'olou, t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a suneq'isei n`a
+stoiqeiojete~i t`ic paragr'afouc po`u >akoloujo~un st`ic dia\-st'a\-seic
+po`u >'hxere pr`in sunant'hsei t`o s'unolo. <'Omwc prosoq'h: gi`a n`a
+l'aboume t`o swst`o >apot'elesma, pr'epei n`a gr'a\-you\-me {\tt \\par}
+>`h n`a >af'hsoume m'ia ken`h gramm`h st`on k'wdik'a mac pr`in t`o
+>'agkistro {\tt\rb} po`u kle'inei t`o s'unolo.  Dia\-fore\-tik`a t`o
+{\rm \TeX} j`a stoiqeiojet'hsei ka`i t`hn par'agrafo >ent`oc to~u
+sun'olou st`ic prohgo'umenec diast'aseic po`u >'hxere pr`in diab'asei
+t`o s'unolo (e>~inai e>'ukolo n`a m~ac xef'ugei <'ena t'etoio l'ajoc).
+
+{\hsize = 4 in
+\parindent = 0 pt
+\leftskip = 1 in \rm
+\TeX\ will produce a paragraph that is four inches wide with the text
+offset into the paragraph by one inch regardless of the settings in
+effect before the start of the group.  This paragraph is set with those
+values. After the end of the group, the old settings are in effect
+again. Note that it is necessary to include {\tt \\par} or to use a
+blank line before the closing brace to end the paragraph, since
+otherwise the group will end and \TeX{} will go back to the old
+parameters before the paragraph is actually typeset (this is an easy
+mistake to make). \par}
+
+<'Otan m'ia l'exh el'egqou (<'opwc {\tt \\centerline}) prohge~itai
+<en`oc keim'enou po`u perikle'ietai m`e >'agkistra, t'ote t`o ke'imeno
+a>ut`o >apotele~i <'ena s'unolo.  >'Etsi, gr'afontac {\tt
+\\centerline\lb\\bf A bold title\rb} dhmiourgo~ume m'ia kentrarism'enh
+>ar'ada s`e >'entonouc t'u\-pouc, >en~w t`o ke'imeno po`u >akolouje~i
+met`a >ap`o a>ut`h t`hn >ar'ada j`a bge~i st`on t'upo po`u
+qrhsi\-mo\-poio'usame pr`in t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\centerline}.
+
+T`o ken`o s'unolo {\tt\lb\rb} e>~inai >ep'ishc pol`u qr'hsimo. 
+Mporo~ume n`a t`o qrhsimopoi'hsoume gi`a n`a tup'wsoume tonik`a shme~ia
+qwr`ic t`hn parous'ia k'apoiou gr'ammatoc.  Gi`a par'adeigma, <h
+>entol`h {\tt \\\~{}\lb\rb} m~ac d'inei m'ia perispwm'enh qwr`ic k'apoio
+gr'amma k'atw >ap'' a>ut'hn.  >Ak'oma, t`o ken`o s'unolo mpore~i n`a
+stamat'hsei t`o {\rm \TeX} >ap`o t`o n`a ((tr'wei)) suneq'omena ken`a
+diast'hmata.  Gr'a\-fo\-ntac loip'on, {\tt I use \\TeX\lb\rb{} all the  
+time}, lamb'anoume <'ena ken`o di'asthma met`a t`o log'otupo
+{\rm\TeX}\null. A>ut`oc e>~inai <'enac >enallaktik`oc tr'opoc gi`a n`a
+j'etoume ken`a diast'hmata (<o >'alloc tr'opoc e>~inai n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`o s'umbolo >el'egqou {\tt \\\sp} <'opwc k'aname st`o
+kef'alaio\NB{}1.)%
+\TeXref{19--21}
+
+<H <omadopo'ihsh qarakt'hrwn s`e <'ena >`h ka`i periss'otera s'unola
+mpore~i n`a g'inei >ak'oma ka`i st`hn m'esh m'iac l'exhc, p.q., <'otan
+<h l'exh a>ut`h peri'eqei tonism'enouc qarakt~hrec.  Sunep~wc,
+gr'afontac st`on k'wdika e>'ite {\tt soup\\c\sp con} e>'ite {\tt
+soup\\c\lb c\rb on}, st`o >'entupo lamb'anoume t`hn l'exh {\rm
+soup\c{c}on}.
+
+\exercise >All'axte t`ic diast'aseic m'iac paragr'afou qrhsimopoi'wntac
+t`hn >id'ea to~u sun'olou.
+
+\exercise O<i majhmatiko`i merik`ec for`ec gr'afoun (({\rm i{f}f})) <wc 
+suntomograf'ia t~hc fr'ashc ((>e`an ka`i m'onon >e'an)) ({\rm if and
+only if}).  St`hn per'iptwsh a>ut`h e>~inai protim'wtero t`o pr~wto ka`i
+t`o de'utero (({\rm f})) n`a m`hn <enwjo~un <wc <'ena s'unjeto
+stoiqe~io.  P~wc j`a pet'uqete k'ati t'etoio? (<Up'arqoun poll`ec
+l'useic!)
+
+\bigskip
+
+<'Otan fti'aqnoume <'ena s'unolo, e>~inai pol`u e>'ukolo n`a xeq'asoume
+<'ena >ap`o t`a d'uo >'agkistra, sun'hjwc t`o dex'i.  T`o >apot'elesma
+mpore~i n`a e>~inai katastrofik'o; >e`an do~ume <'olo t`o >'entupo n`a
+bga'inei s`e pl'agiouc t'upouc, >ant`i p.q.\ {\rm roman}, t'ote k'apou
+>'iswc n`a >'eqoume >af'hsei <'ena >'agkistro qwr`ic ta'iri.  >E`an
+<up'arqei <'ena {\tt\lb} qwr`ic t`o >ant'istoiqo {\tt\rb}, t`o {\rm
+\TeX} j`a paraponeje~i: 
+
+{\tt (\\end occurred inside a group at level 1)}. 
+
+>Ant'ijeta, <'ena {\tt\rb} qwr`ic ta'iri j`a k'anei t`o {\rm \TeX}
+n`a dia\-mar\-turh\-je~i <wc >ex~hc: 
+
+{\tt! Too many \rb's.}
+
+<Or'iste p~wc mporo~ume n`a >apof'ugoume t`o mp'erdema m`e t`a
+>'agkistra s`e pol'uploka s'unola: St`on k'wdik'a mac gr'afoume t`o
+>arister`o >'agkistro s`e m'ia xeqwrist`h gramm`h m'ono tou ka`i
+>ep'ishc gr'afoume t`o dex`i >'agkistro m'ono tou s`e m'ia gramm'h. 
+<'Otan dhmiourgo~ume n'ea <upo\-s'u\-nola >ent`oc to~u >arqiko~u
+sun'olou, gr'afoume >ep'ishc t`a >'agkistra k'aje <uposun'olou >ep'ishc
+s`e xeqwrist`ec gramm'ec, >all`a >'oqi st`hn pr'wth j'esh t~hc gramm~hc;
+mporo~ume n`a dhmiourg'hsoume m'ia >od'ontwsh (p.q., m`e t`o pl~hktro
+{\rm TAB})\null.  >Epipl'eon, mporo~ume n`a metakin'hsoume t`o ke'imeno
+po`u perikle'ioun a>ut`a t`a >'agkistra l'igo pr`oc t`o >eswterik`o t~hc
+gramm~hc <'opwc st`o parak'atw par'adeigma:
+\beginuser \obeyspaces 
+\lb
+\    This text belongs to the first group. 
+\    $\vdots$
+\    \lb
+\         This text belongs to the first subgroup.
+\         $\vdots$
+\    \rb
+\rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent  
+>'Etsi t`a >'agkistra to~u k'wdik'a mac g'inontai pi`o e>udi'akrita.
+M'alista, >e`an t`o pr'ogramma s'untaxhc po`u qrhsimopoio~ume e>~inai
+l'igo pi`o >'exupno, >'iswc n`a mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume pr~wta t`o
+ze~ugoc t~wn >agk'istrwn ka`i met'a, metax`u t~wn >agk'istrwn, t`o
+ke'imeno m`e a>ut'omath >od'ontwsh.
+
+\exercise St`o kef'alaio 2, >all'axame t'upo m`e t`hn >ak'oloujh
+m'ejodo: {\tt I started with roman type, \\it switched to italic type,
+\\rm and returned to roman type}.  N`a k'a\-ne\-te t`o >'idio,
+qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn >id'ea to~u sun'olou.
+
+
+\section{Majhmatik`a qwr`ic >'agqoc!}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai t`o >idanik`o >ergale~io gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
+>ent'upwn po`u peri'eqoun majhmatiko`uc t'upouc >`h >ekfr'aseic.  O<i
+majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic mpore~i n`a e>~inai poll~wn e>id~wn ka`i
+>arket`a pol'uplokec, >all`a t`o {\rm \TeX} t`ic >epexerg'azetai
+>aristoteqnik`a k'anontac dunat`h t`hn paragwg`h majhmatik~wn >ent'upwn
+>exairetik~hc poi'othtac. >E`an pr'okeitai n`a <etoim'asoume k'a\-poiec
+dhmosie'u\-seic po`u peri'eqoun majhmatik`a s'umbola, st`o kef'alaio
+a>ut`o j`a do~ume <'olec t`ic basik`ec >entol`ec po`u j`a qreiasjo~ume
+s`e <opoiad'hpote per'iptwsh. T`o {\rm \TeX} beba'iwc mporo~ume n`a t`o
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume ka`i gi`a >'entupa m`e l'igouc >`h kaj'olou
+majhmatiko`uc sumbolismo'uc;  t'ote o<i d'uo par'agrafoi po`u
+>akoloujo~un e>~inai m'allon >arket`ec gi`a t`ic >an'agkec mac.
+
+\subsection{Poll`a n'ea s'umbola}
+
+O<i majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic e>is'agontai >ent`oc to~u kanoniko~u
+keim'enou kat`a d'uo tr'opouc: mpore~i na mpo~un {\tengs >ent`oc
+st'iqou}, <wc m'eroc kanonik~wn >ar'adwn keim'enou l'ogou, >`h <wc {\tengs
+diakrit'ec}, dhl.\ >ent`oc <en`oc nohto~u kentrwm'enou plais'iou s`e
+<'enan ken`o q~wro metax`u >ar'adwn kanoniko~u keim'enou.  T`o
+>apot'elesma st`hn topoj'ethsh ka`i t`a diast'hmata metax`u t~wn
+sumb'olwn j`a e>~inai s`e k'aje per'iptwsh diaforetik'o.  <H >ent`oc
+st'iqou >ex'iswsh  $\sum_{k=1} ^{\infty} {1\over k^2} = {\pi^2\over6}$
+d`en de'iqnei t`o >'idio <'otan mpa'inei <wc diakrit'h:
+
+$$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} {1\over k^2} = {\pi^2\over6}.$$
+
+>Ef'' <'oson t`a diast'hmata ka`i o<i t'upoi stoiqe'iwn po`u
+qrhsimopoio~untai s`e majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic diaf'eroun >arket`a >ap`o
+a>ut`a po`u qrhsimopoio~untai gi`a ke'imeno l'ogou, pr'epei n`a d'wsoume
+st`o {\rm \TeX} n`a katal'abei p'ote >'eqei n`a stoiqeiojet'hsei m'ia
+majhmatik`h >'ekfrash >ant`i keim'enou l'ogou.  A>ut`o g'inetai
+qrhsimopoi'wntac st`on k'wdika t`o s'umbolo to~u dolar'iou {\tt\$}.
+E>idik'wtera, m'ia majhmatik`h >'ekfrash po`u stoiqeiojete~itai >ent`oc
+st'iqou, t`hn gr'afoume st`on k'wdika perikle'iontac thn m`e mon`a
+dol'aria: {\tt\$$\ldots$\$}\null.  >E`an t`hn perikle'isoume metax`u
+dipl~wn dolar'iwn: {\tt\$\$$\ldots$\$\$}, j`a stoiqeiojethje~i <wc
+diakrit`h kentrwm'enh.  >'Etsi <o k'wdikac {\tt \$x = y+1\$} m~ac d'inei
+$x=y+1$ >ent`oc st'iqou, >en~w <o k'wdikac {\tt \$\$x = y+1.\$\$}
+d'inei: $$x=y+1.$$
+
+T`a diast'hmata gi`a majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic t'oso >ent`oc st'iqou
+<'oso ka`i kentrwm'enec >el'egqontai >ap'oluta >ap`o t`o {\rm
+\TeX}\null.  T`o n`a prosj'esoume ken`a diast'hmata st`on k'wdika d`en
+j`a >'eqei kan'ena >apo\-t'e\-lesma.  Ka`i >e`an j'eloume n`a b'aloume
+k'apoio ken`o di'asthma >`h k'apoio ke'imeno l'ogou st`hn m'esh m'iac
+majhmatik~hc >'ekfrashc?  Mporo~ume n`a b'aloume k'apoio ke'imeno l'ogou
+>ent`oc m'iac majhmatik~hc >'ekfrashc j'etont'ac to s`e <'ena {\rm
+hbox}: {\tt \\hbox\lb$\ldots$\rb}\null.  A>ut`o e>~inai pol`u qr'hsimo
+gi`a kentrwm'enec majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic.  Kat`a t`on tr'opo a>ut'o,
+<h >'ekfrash (($x=y+1 \hbox{ \rm whenever } y=x-1$)) stoiqeiojete~itai
+m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt \$x=y+1 \\hbox\lb\ whenever \rb y=x-1\$}. >`Ac
+pros'exoume t`a diast'hmata <ekat'erwjen t~hc l'exhc >ent`oc t~wn
+>agk'istrwn.  Sun'hjwc d`en qrei'azetai n`a b'azoume ken`a diast'hmata
+>ent`oc majhmatik~wn sumbolism~wn, >all`a st`hn pe\-r'i\-ptw\-sh po`u
+a>ut`o e>~inai >apara'ithto o<i parak'atw >akolouj'iec >el'egqou j`a
+m~ac k'anoun t`hn doulei'a.% 
+\TeXref{167}
+
+\maketable [Prosj'hkh diasthm'atwn s`e majhmatiko`uc t'upouc]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil # \hfil & \quad \hfil\tt# \hfil \quad
+   & \hbox to 2cm{\hrulefill\vrule height 8pt#\vrule height 8pt\hrulefill} \cr
+   >Onomas'ia & \tengr >Akolouj'ia el'egqou & $\gets$M~hkoc$\to$\cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   dipl`o tetr'agwno            & \\qquad &\qquad \cr
+   <apl`o tetr'agwno            & \\quad  &\quad \cr
+   di'asthma                    & \\\sp\  &\ \cr
+   meg'alo di'asthma            & \\;     &$\;$\cr
+   mesa~io di'asthma            & \\>     &$\>$\cr
+   mikr`o di'asthma             & \\,     &$\,$\cr
+   >arnhtik`o mikr`o di'asthma  & \ \\!\  &$\!$\cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{quad}
+\toindex{qquad}
+\toindex{\sp}
+\toindex{;}
+\toindex{>}
+\toindex{,}
+\toindex{!}
+
+>E`an parathr'hsoume prosektik`a t`o mikr`o >arnhtik`o di'asthma, j`a
+do~ume <'oti s`e >ant'ijesh m`e t`a >'alla diast'hmata, t`a d'uo <'oria
+to~u diast'hmatoc >allhlo\-epikal'u\-ptontai.  A>ut`o sumba'inei giat`i
+t`o >arnhtik`o di'asthma e>~inai >ant'ijethc kate'ujunshc, dhl.\ >en~w
+<'olec o<i >'allec >akolouj'iec >el'egqou a>ux'anoun t`o ken`o di'asthma
+metax`u d'uo sumb'olwn, t`o mikr`o >arnhtik`o di'asthma t`o >elatt'wnei
+>'estw ka`i >`an prokale~itai >allhlo\-epi\-k'aluyh t~wn sumb'olwn.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $C(n,r) = n!/(r!\,(n-r)!)$\null.
+Pros'exte t`a diast'h\-ma\-ta st`on paronomast'h.    
+\bigskip
+
+St`on k'wdika, metax`u t~wn sumb'olwn {\tt \$} po`u perikle'ioun k'apoio
+majhmatik`h >'ekfrash d`en pr'epei n`a <up'arqoun ken`ec gramm'ec.  T`o
+{\rm\TeX} <upoj'etei <'oti <'olh <h majhmatik`h  >'ekfrash >apotele~i
+m'ia par'agrafo ka`i <'oti m'ia ken`h gramm`h shma'inei n'ea par'agrafo.
+ Sunep~wc, j`a m~ac d'wsei m'h\-nu\-ma sf'almatoc.  A>ut`h <h
+>idiotrop'ia to~u {\rm \TeX} e>~inai >arket`a qr'hsimh, giat`i <'ena
+>ap`o t`a pi`o suqn`a sf'almata st`on k'wdika e>~inai n`a parale'ipetai
+t`o de'utero s'umbolo {\tt \$} (>`h {\tt \$\$}) po`u kle'i\-nei t`hn
+majhmatik`h >'ekfrash (s'igoura j`a k'anoume toul'aqiston m'ia for`a
+a>ut`o t`o l'ajoc kaj`wc maja'i\-noume t`o {\rm\TeX})\null.  >E`an t`o
+{\rm\TeX} >ep'etrepe periss'oterec >ap`o m'ia paragr'afouc metax`u t~wn
+sumb'olwn {\tt \$}, t'ote xeqn'wntac <'ena de'utero {\tt\$}, j`a
+prokalo'usame t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <'olou to~u <upolo'ipou keim'enou
+st`hn morf`h m'iac  majhmatik~hc >'ekfrashc.
+
+O<i periss'oterec majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic e>is'agontai kat`a t`on
+>'idio tr'opo e>'ite >ent`oc st'iqou e>'ite <wc diakrit`ec
+kentrwm'enec. T`ic >exair'eseic po`u >aforo~un m'onon t`ic diakrit`ec
+>ekfr'aseic, <'opwc t`hn katak'orufh sto'iqish pollapl~wn t'upwn ka`i
+t`hn >ar'ijmhsh >exis'wsewn st`o dexi`o >`h t`o >arister`o perij'wrio,
+j`a t`ic suzht'hsoume st`o t'eloc to~u kefala'iou.
+
+Kat`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn t'upwn >emfan'izontai poll`a n'ea
+s'umbola.  T`a peris\-s'otera >ap`o t`a s'umbola to~u plhktrolog'iou
+mporo~un n`a qrhsimopoihjo~un <'opwc >'eqoun.  T`a s'umbola {\tt + - / *
+= ' | < > (} ka`i {\tt)} e>is'agontai <'ola <'opwc >'eqoun.  <Or'iste
+t'i m~ac d'inoun:  $+ \>  - \> / \> * \> = \> ' \> | < \> > \> ( \> )$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn >ex'iswsh $a+b=c-d=xy=w/z$ >ent`oc
+st'iqou ka`i <wc diakrit'h.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn >ex'iswsh $(fg)' = f'g + fg'$ >ent`oc
+st'iqou ka`i <wc diakrit'h.                 
+\bigskip
+
+Poll`a >'alla s'umbola d'inontai <wc prokajorism'enec >akolouj'iec
+>el'egqou.  P.q., t`o {\rm \TeX} m~ac d'inei <'olouc to`uc <ellhniko`uc
+qarakt~hrec gi`a majhmatik`a s'umbola <wc l'exeic >el'egqou. 
+Para\-k'a\-tw d'inetai <'enac p'inakac m`e t`a <ellhnik`a majhmatik`a
+s'umbola; <'omwc prosoq'h: t`a s'umbola a>ut'a, <'opwc j`a do~ume st`o
+kef'alaio\NB{}10, e>~inai kat'allhla m'ono gi`a majhmatik`a ka`i >'oqi
+gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <aplo~u <ellhniko~u keim'enou l'ogou.% 
+\TeXref{434}
+
+\maketable [<Ellhnik`a s'umbola majhmatik~wn t'upwn]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\alpha & \\alpha &\beta & \\beta &\gamma & \\gamma &\delta & \\delta \cr
+\epsilon & \\epsilon & \varepsilon & \\varepsilon & \zeta & \\zeta &
+\eta & \\eta \cr
+\theta & \\theta & \vartheta & \\vartheta & \iota & \\iota & \kappa &
+\\kappa \cr
+\lambda & \\lambda & \mu & \\mu & \nu & \\nu & \xi & \\xi \cr
+o & o & \pi & \\pi & \varpi & \\varpi & \rho & \\rho \cr
+\varrho & \\varrho & \sigma & \\sigma & \varsigma & \\varsigma & \tau & \\tau \cr
+\upsilon & \\upsilon & \phi & \\phi & \varphi & \\varphi & \chi & \\chi \cr
+\psi & \\psi & \omega & \\omega & \Gamma & \\Gamma & \Delta & \\Delta \cr
+\Theta & \\Theta & \Lambda & \\Lambda & \Xi & \\Xi & \Pi & \\Pi \cr 
+\Sigma & \\Sigma & \Upsilon & \\Upsilon & \Phi & \\Phi & \Psi & \\Psi \cr
+\Omega & \\Omega \cr
+\noalign{\smallskip} \noalign{\hrule}
+       }
+
+\toindex{alpha}
+\toindex{beta}
+\toindex{gamma}
+\toindex{delta}
+\toindex{epsilon}
+\toindex{varepsilon}
+\toindex{zeta}
+\toindex{eta}
+\toindex{theta}
+\toindex{vartheta}
+\toindex{iota}
+\toindex{kappa}
+\toindex{lambda}
+\toindex{mu}
+\toindex{nu}
+\toindex{xi}
+\toindex{pi}
+\toindex{varpi}
+\toindex{rho}
+\toindex{varrho}
+\toindex{sigma}
+\toindex{varsigma}
+\toindex{tau}
+\toindex{upsilon}
+\toindex{phi}
+\toindex{varphi}
+\toindex{chi}
+\toindex{psi}
+\toindex{omega}
+\toindex{Gamma}
+\toindex{Delta}
+\toindex{Theta}
+\toindex{Lambda}
+\toindex{Xi}
+\toindex{Pi}
+\toindex{Sigma}
+\toindex{Upsilon}
+\toindex{Phi}
+\toindex{Psi}
+\toindex{Omega}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn >ex'iswsh $\alpha\beta=\gamma+\delta$
+>ent`oc st'iqou ka`i <wc diakrit'h.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste $\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!$ >ent`oc st'iqou ka`i
+<wc diakrit`h >ex'iswsh.
+
+Merik`ec for`ec >ep'anw >ap`o t`a s'umbola >`h ka`i k'atw >ap`o a>ut`a
+topojeto~untai k'apoia diakritik`a shme~ia >`h t'onoi.  O<i l'exeic
+>el'egqou gi`a t`hn >'enjesh a>ut~wn t~wn shme'iwn e>~inai diaforetik`ec
+>ap`o t`ic >ant'istoiqec gi`a t`on tonism`o qarakt'hrwn kanoniko~u
+keim'enou.  O<i >akolouj'iec el'egqou gi`a tonism`o kanoniko~u keim'enou
+d`en qrhsimopoio~untai st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn t'upwn ka`i
+>antistr'ofwc.%
+\TeXref{135--136}
+
+\maketable [Tonik`a shme~ia majhmatik~wn t'upwn]
+\halign{
+   \strut \hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ &
+      \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad  \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   \hat o   & \\hat o   & \check o & \\check o  & \tilde o & \\tilde o \cr
+   \acute o & \\acute o & \grave o & \\grave o  & \dot o & \\dot o \cr
+   \ddot o  & \\ddot o  &\breve o  & \\breve o  & \bar o & \\bar o \cr
+   \vec o   & \\vec o   & \widehat {abc} & \\widehat \lb abc\rb
+                    & \widetilde {abc} & \\widetilde \lb abc\rb\cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{hat}
+\toindex{check}
+\toindex{tilde}
+\toindex{acute}
+\toindex{grave}
+\toindex{dot}
+\toindex{ddot}
+\toindex{breve}
+\toindex{bar}
+\toindex{vec}
+\toindex{widehat}
+\toindex{widetilde}
+
+St`hn <orolog'ia t~wn majhmatik~wn, o<i duadiko`i telest`ec <en'wnoun
+d'uo >antike'imena gi`a n`a d'wsoun <'ena tr'ito >antike'imeno.  <H
+pr'osjesh ka`i <o pollaplasiasm'oc, gi`a par'adeigma, <en'wnoun d'uo
+>arijmo`uc ka`i d'inoun <'enan tr'ito >arijm'o, >'ara pr'okeitai gi`a
+duadiko`uc telest'ec. <'Otan t`o {\rm \TeX} stoiqeiojete~i <'enan
+duadik`o telest'h, prosj'etei l'igo parap'anw ken`o di'asthma >arister`a
+ka`i dexi'a tou.  <Or'iste <'enac p'inakac m`e meriko`uc >ap`o to`uc
+diaj'esimouc duadiko`uc telest'ec:%
+\TeXref{436}
+
+\maketable [Duadiko`i telest`ec]   
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\cdot & \\cdot &\times & \\times &\ast & \\ast &\star & \\star \cr
+\circ & \\circ & \bullet & \\bullet & \div & \\div & \diamond & \\diamond \cr
+\cap & \\cap & \cup & \\cup & \vee & \\vee & \wedge & \\wedge \cr
+\oplus & \\oplus &\ominus & \\ominus & \otimes &\\otimes &\odot &\\odot \cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{cdot}
+\toindex{times}
+\toindex{ast}
+\toindex{star}
+\toindex{circ}
+\toindex{bullet}
+\toindex{div}
+\toindex{diamond}
+\toindex{cap}
+\toindex{cup}
+\toindex{vee}
+\toindex{wedge}
+\toindex{oplus}
+\toindex{ominus}
+\toindex{otimes}
+\toindex{odot}
+
+Suqn`a maz`i m`e to`uc duadiko`uc telest'ec, qrhsimopoie~itai ka`i <h
+>'elleiyh, dhl.\ >aposiwphtik`a po`u <upodhl'wnoun <'oti k'ati par'omoio
+parale'ipetai st`on majhmatik'o mac t'upo. <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\cdots} prokale~i m'ia katak'orufh metat'opish t~hc >'elleiyhc <'wste
+o<i tre~ic tele~iec thc n`a brejo~un st`on >'idio <oriz'ontio >'axona
+summetr'iac m`e to`uc <up'opoloipouc telest'ec. >'Etsi loip'on, m`e t`on
+kwdik`o {\tt \$a + \\cdots + z\$}, lamb'anoume $a + \cdots + z$.  <H
+>akolouj'ia >el'egqou {\tt \\ldots} d`en >anuy'wnei t`hn >'elleiyh
+>all`a t`hn j'etei >ep'anw st`hn gramm`h b'ashc to~u majhmatiko~u
+t'upou; >'etsi <o kwdik`oc {\tt \$1\\ldots n\$} d'inei $1\ldots n$.
+\toindex{cdots}
+\toindex{ldots}
+
+\exercise  Stoiqeiojet~hste: $x\wedge (y\vee z) = (x\wedge y) \vee
+(x\wedge z)$.
+               
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $2+4+6+\cdots +2n = n(n+1)$.
+\bigskip
+
+M'ia sq'esh de'iqnei m'ia >idi'othta d'uo majhmatik~wn >antikeim'enwn. 
+Gnwr'izoume >'hdh p~wc n`a de'ixoume <'oti d'uo >antike'imena e>~inai
+>'isa, >`h p~wc n`a de'ixoume <'oti <'enac >arijm`oc e>~inai
+megal'uteroc >`h mikr'oteroc <en`oc >'allou >arijmo~u (>ef'' <'oson t`a
+>apara'ithta s'umbola <up'arqoun st`a plhktol'ogia <'olwn sqed`on t~wn
+<upologist~wn).  Gi`a n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume m'ia >arnhtik`h sq'esh,
+gr'afoume st`on k'wdika t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\not} >empr`oc >ap`o
+t`hn sq'esh.  <Or'iste merik`ec t'etoiec majhmatik`ec sq'eseic:%
+\TeXref{436}
+\toindex{not}
+
+\maketable [Majhmatik`ec sq'eseic]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\leq  & \\leq  &\not\leq & \\not \\leq
+       & \geq & \\geq & \not\geq & \\not \\geq \cr
+\equiv & \\equiv & \not\equiv & \\not \\equiv
+       & \sim & \\sim & \not\sim & \\not \\sim \cr
+\simeq & \\simeq & \not\simeq & \\not \\simeq
+       & \approx & \\approx & \not\approx & \\not \\approx \cr
+\subset & \\subset & \subseteq & \\subseteq
+        & \supset & \\supset & \supseteq & \\supseteq \cr
+\in & \\in & \ni & \\ni & \parallel & \\parallel & \perp & \\perp \cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{leq}
+\toindex{geq}
+\toindex{equiv}
+\toindex{sim}
+\toindex{simeq}
+\toindex{approx}
+\toindex{subset}
+\toindex{subseteq}
+\toindex{supset}
+\toindex{supseteq}
+\toindex{in}
+\toindex{ni}
+\toindex{parallel}
+\toindex{perp}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm $\vec x\cdot \vec y  = 0$ if and only
+if $\vec x \perp \vec y$. }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm $\vec x\cdot \vec y \not= 0$ if and
+only if $\vec x \not\perp \vec y$. }
+
+<Or'iste ka`i merik`a >ak'oma diaj'esima majhmatik`a s'umbola:%
+\TeXref{435--438}
+
+\maketable [Di'afora majhmatik`a s'umbola]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \qquad &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\aleph & \\aleph & \ell & \\ell & \Re & \\Re & \Im & \\Im \cr
+\partial & \\partial & \infty & \\infty & \| & \\| & \angle & \\angle \cr
+\nabla & \\nabla & \backslash &\\backslash & \forall & \\forall
+              & \exists & \\exists \cr
+\neg & \\neg & \flat & \\flat & \sharp & \\sharp & \natural & \\natural \cr
+        }
+
+\toindex{aleph}
+\toindex{ell}
+\toindex{Re}
+\toindex{Im}
+\toindex{partial}
+\toindex{infty}
+\toindex{|}
+\toindex{angle}
+\toindex{nabla}
+\toindex{backslash}
+\toindex{forall}
+\toindex{exists}
+\toindex{neg}
+\toindex{flat}
+\toindex{sharp}
+\toindex{natural}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $(\forall x\in \Re)(\exists y\in\Re)$ $y>x$.
+
+S`e <'ola t`a prohgo'umena parade'igmata, mporo~ume n`a parathr'hsoume
+<'oti t`a stoiqe~ia po`u qrhsimopoio~untai a>utom'atwc >ap`o t`o
+{\rm\TeX} gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn sumb'olwn e>~inai
+pl'agia--kalligrafik'a ({\rm italic}).  A>ut`o g'inetai gi`a n`a
+xeqwr'izei t`o <apl`o ke'imeno >ap`o t`a ma\-jh\-ma\-ti\-k`a s'umbola
+ka`i to`uc sunduasmo'uc touc.  P.q., m`e t`on k'wdika: {\tt \$I\$ is the
+product \$i s\$, where \$i\$ is the current density and \$s\$ the
+cross-cut area}, lam\-b'a\-nou\-me: {\rm $I$ is the product $is$, where
+$i$ is the current density and $s$ the cross-cut area}.  >Arke~i n`a
+do~ume t`hn >'idia fr'ash m`e t`a s'umbola $I$, $i$ ka`i $s$
+stoiqeiojethm'ena >'oqi m`e pl'agia--kalligrafik'a, >all`a m`e >'orjia
+stoiqe~ia {\rm roman}, gi`a n`a katal'aboume t`hn diafor'a: {\rm I is
+the product $\rm i s$, where i is the current density and s the
+cross-cut area}.
+
+<Wst'oso, merik`ec for`ec qrhsimopoio~untai ka`i >'allwn e>id~wn
+stoiqe~ia gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn sumb'olwn.  Gi`a
+par'adeigma, t`a qhmik`a s'umbola ka`i o<i di'aforec stajer`ec
+sumbol'izontai m`e >'orjiouc qarakt~hrec.  >Ep'ishc, o<i mon'adec po`u
+sunode'uoun t'upouc t~hc fusik~hc ka`i t~hc qhme'iac, p'anta
+stoiqeiojeto~untai m`e >'orjiouc qarakt~hrec.  >'Allote p'ali, o<i
+majhmatiko`i p'inakec sumbol'izontai gi`a suntom'ia m`e >'entona
+kefala~ia. T`o {\rm\TeX} m~ac >epitr'epei n`a >all'azoume grammatoseir`a
+>ak'oma ka`i st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn t'upwn.  >'Etsi m`e t`on
+k'wdika: {\tt\$\\rm R = 8.2054\\, J\\, mol\^{}\lb-1\rb\\, K\^{}\lb-1\rb
+\$}, lamb'anoume t`hn pagk'osmia sta\-je\-r`a t~wn >aer'iwn: $\rm R =
+8.2054\, J\, mol^{-1}\,K^{-1}$\null.  Paromo'iwc, <o k'wdikac:
+{\tt\$\lb\\bf x\rb =  \lb\\bf A\rb \\times \lb\\bf B\rb\^{}\lb-1\rb\$},
+m~ac d'inei:  ${\bf x} = {\bf A} \times {\bf B}^{-1}$.\TeXref{164--165}
+
+Gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn t`o {\rm\TeX} m~ac d'inei m'ia
+>ak'oma grammatoseir`a m`e kalligrafik`a kefala~ia <'opwc ${\cal A},
+\ldots, {\cal Z}$\null. T`hn grammatoseir`a t~wn kalligrafik~wn
+kefala'iwn mporo~ume n`a t`hn qrhsimopoi'hsoume {\tengs m'onon\/} gi`a
+t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn (dhl.\ >ent`oc {\tt\$$\ldots$\$}
+>`h >ent`oc {\tt\$\$$\ldots$\$\$}) ka`i t`hn kalo~ume m`e t`hn l'exh
+>el'egqou {\tt\\cal}.  >'Etsi m`e {\tt\$\lb\\cal N\rb = 0\rb\$},
+lamb'anoume: ${\cal N} = 0$.
+\toindex{cal}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $\rm Si + C \to SiC$\null. (<Up'odeixh:
+qrhsimopoi~hste t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\to} gi`a n`a l'abete t`o
+b'eloc pr`oc t`a dexi'a.)
+\toindex{to}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm The number sets are: $\bf N
+\in Q \in R \in C$.}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm The Laplace transform of a constant $c$
+is ${\cal L} (c) = c / s$.}
+
+
+\subsection{Kl'asmata}
+
+<Up'arqoun d'uo tr'opoi gi`a n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume <'ena kl'asma:
+e>'ite <wc $1/2$ e>'ite <wc ${1\over2}$\null.  St`hn pr'wth per'iptwsh
+d`en qrei'azontai e>idik`ec >akolouj'iec >el'egqou; >arke~i n`a
+gr'ayoume {\tt \$1/2\$}\null.  St`hn de'uterh per'iptwsh <'omwc
+qrhsimopoie~itai <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\over}: {\tt\lb $<${\tengs
+>arijmht`hc\/}$>$ \\over $<${\tengs paronomast'hc\/}$>$\rb}\null.
+Gr'afontac loip`on {\tt \$\$\lb a+b \\over c+d\rb.\$\$} lamb'anoume:%
+\TeXref{139--140}
+\toindex{over}
+$${a+b\over c+d}.$$
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`o >ak'oloujo: ${a+b\over c}\quad {a\over
+b+c} \quad {1\over a+b+c} \not= {1\over a}+{1\over b}+{1\over c}$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm What are the points where ${\partial
+\over \partial x} f(x,y) = {\partial \over \partial y} f(x,y) = 0$?}
+      
+\subsection{De~iktec ka`i >ekj'etec}
+
+O<i de~iktec ka`i o<i >ekj'etec e>~inai e>'ukolo n`a stoiqeiojethjo~un
+m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  O<i qarakt~hrec {\tt \_{}} (<upogr'ammish)
+ka`i {\tt \^{}} (gallik`h perispwm'enh) qrhsimopoio~untai gi`a n`a
+dhl'wsoun <'oti <o <ep'omenoc qarakt'hrac e>~inai de'ikthc >`h >ekj'ethc
+>ant'istoiqa. >'Etsi <o k'wdikac {\tt \$x\^{}2\$} d'inei $x^2$, ka`i <o
+k'wdikac {\tt \$x\_{}2\$}, $x_2$\null.   Gi`a n`a l'aboume
+periss'oterouc >ap`o <'enan qarakt'hra m`e t`hn morf`h de'ikth >`h
+>ekj'eth, >arke~i n`a to`uc kle'isoume m`e >'agkistra s`e <'ena s'unolo.
+P.q., m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt \$x\^{}\lb 21\rb\$} lamb'anoume $x^{21}$
+ka`i m`e {\tt \$x\_{}\lb 21\rb\$}, $x_{21}$\null. >`Ac pros'exoume <'oti
+o<i de~iktec ka`i o<i >ekj'etec stoiqeiojeto~untai a>ut'omata s`e
+t'upouc mikr'oterou meg'ejouc.  <H kat'astash g'inetai el'aqista pi`o
+pol'uplokh <'otan pr'okeitai gi`a de'ikth to~u de'ikth >`h >ekj'eth to~u
+>ekj'eth, k.lp.  D`en mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume {\tt \$x\_{}2\_{}3\$}
+>epeid`h k'ati t'etoio mpore~i n`a >'eqei dipl`h shmas'ia, dhl.\ {\tt
+\$x\_{}\lb 2\_{}3\rb\$} >`h  {\tt \$\lb x\_{}2\rb\_{}3\$}, m`e d'uo     
+diaforetik`a >apotel'esmata: $x_{2_3}$ ka`i ${x_2}_3$, >ek t~wn <opo'iwn
+t`o pr~wto e>~inai <o pi`o koin`oc majhmatik`oc sumbolism'oc. Gi`a t`on
+l'ogo a>ut'o, e>~inai sk'opimo n`a qrhsimopoio~ume >'agkistra gi`a n`a
+perigr'ayoume pollapl'a (<'osa j'eloume) >ep'ipeda deikt~wn ka`i
+>ekjet~wn.%
+\TeXref{128--130}
+
+Gi`a n`a j'esoume de~iktec ka`i >ekj'etec st`o >'idio s'umbolo,
+qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn {\tt \_{}} ka`i t`hn {\tt \^{}} m`e <opoiad'hpote
+seir'a.  >'Etsi e>'ite m`e {\tt \$x\_{}2\^{}1\$} e>'ite m`e
+{\tt\$x\^{}1\_{}2\$}, lamb'anoume $x_2^1$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`a <ep'omena: $e^x \quad e^{-x} \quad  
+e^{i\pi}+1=0 \quad x_0 \quad x_0^2 \quad {x_0}^2 \quad 2^{x^x}$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:  $\nabla^2 f(x,y) = {\partial^2 f
+\over\partial x^2} + {\partial^2 f \over\partial y^2}$.
+\bigskip
+
+Par'omoia stoiqeiojeto~untai o<i seir'ec (>ajro'ismata) ka`i t`a
+<oloklhr'wmata.  <O k'wdikac {\tt \$\\sum\_{}\lb k=1\rb\^{}n k\^{}2\$}
+j`a d'wsei $\sum_{k=1}^n k^2$, ka`i <o k'wdikac {\tt \$\\int\_{}0\^{}x
+f(t) dt\$}, $\int_0^x f(t) dt$.%
+\TeXref{144--145}
+\toindex{sum}
+\toindex{int}
+
+M'ia >ak'oma par'omoia >efarmog`h e>~inai ka`i <h stoiqeiojes'ia
+majhmatik~wn >ekfr'asewn m`e <'oria.  Mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume t`on
+k'wdika {\tt \$\\lim\_\lb n\\to \\infty\rb (\lb n+1 \\over n\rb)\^{}n =
+e\$}, gi`a n`a l'aboume $\lim_{n\to \infty} ({n+1\over n})^n = e$.
+\toindex{lim}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`hn >ak'oloujh >ex'iswsh: $\lim_{x\to 0}
+(1+x)^{1\over x}=e$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: {\rm The cardinality of $(-\infty, \infty)$
+is $\aleph_1$.   }
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $\lim_{x\to {0^+}} x^x = 1$.
+\bigskip
+
+<Or'iste ka`i m'ia mikr`h sumboul`h gi`a pi`o >'omorfa <oloklhr'wmata: 
+>`ac pros'exoume t`hn diafor`a metax`u to~u  $\int_0^x f(t) dt$ ka`i
+to~u $\int_0^x f(t)\, dt$\null.  St`hn de'uterh per'iptwsh <up'arqei
+<'ena mikr`o ken`o di'asthma met`a t`o $f(t)$, ka`i >'etsi fa'inetai
+kal'utero. <H prosj'hkh to~u diast'hmatoc >'egine gr'afontac {\tt\\,}
+met`a t`o {\tt f(t)} st`on k'wdika.                    
+\toindex{,}
+                    
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`o >ak'oloujo <olokl'hrwma: $\int_0^1
+3x^2\,dx = 1$.
+
+\subsection{R'izec, tetragwnik`ec ka`i >'allec}
+                   
+<H stoiqeiojes'ia tetragwnik~wn riz~wn g'inetai m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou
+{\tt \\sqrt\lb$\ldots$\rb}\null. >'Etsi m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt
+\$\\sqrt\lb x\^{}2+y\^{}2\rb\$} j`a l'aboume $\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$\null. 
+>`Ac pros'exoume <'oti t`o {\rm \TeX} front'izei t`o p~wc j`a mpo~un t`a
+s'umbola, poi'o j`a e>~inai t`o <'uyoc ka`i poi'o t`o m~hkoc to~u
+riziko~u.  Gi`a kubik`ec >`h >'allou bajmo~u r'izec qrhsimopoio~ume t`ic
+l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt \\root} ka`i {\tt \\of}.  Gi`a n`a l'aboume
+$\root n \of {1+x^n}$, pr'epei n`a gr'ayoume t`on k'wdika {\tt \$\\root
+n \\of \lb1+x\^{}n\rb\$}.%
+\TeXref{130--131}
+\toindex{root}
+\toindex{sqrt}                 
+
+M'ia >enallaktik`h l'ush gi`a e>idik`ec peript'wseic e>~inai ka`i <h
+l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\surd}; gr'afo\-ntac {\tt \$\\surd 2\$} j`a
+l'aboume $\surd 2$.
+\toindex{surd}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`a >ak'olouja: $\sqrt2 \quad \sqrt {x+y\over
+x-y} \quad \root 3 \of {10}$ \quad $e^{\sqrt x}$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $\|x\| = \sqrt{x\cdot x}$.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $\phi(t) = {1 \over \sqrt{2\pi}} \int_0^t
+e^{-x^2/2}\,dx$.
+
+\subsection{Gramm'ec, p'anw ka`i k'atw}
+                 
+Gi`a n`a j'esoume <oriz'ontiec gramm`ec >ep'anw >`h k'atw >ap`o 
+majhmatik`a s'umbola, gr'afoume t`on k'wdika {\tt
+\\overline\lb$\ldots$\rb} >`h {\tt \\underline\lb$\ldots$\rb}
+>ant'istoiqa. Kat`a t`on tr'opo a>ut'o, m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt
+\$\\overline\lb x+y\rb=\\overline x + \\overline y\$} lamb'anoume
+$\overline{x+y}=\overline x + \overline y$\null. >All`a >`ac
+parathr'hsoume <'oti o<i gramm`ec >ep'anw >ap`o t`a s'umbola e>~inai s`e
+diaforetik`a <'uyh, gi''\NB{}a>ut`o qrei'azetai l'igh prosoq'h. 
+Gr'afontac {\tt \\overline\lb\\strut x\rb} <h <oriz'ontia gramm`h
+>ep'anw >ap`o t`o $x$ j`a metakinhje~i >ak'oma l'igo pi`o
+p'anw.\TeXref{130--131}\toindex{overline}\toindex{underline} <O
+>ant'istoiqoc k'w\-di\-kac gi`a <upogr'ammish m`h majh\-mati\-ko~u
+keim'enou e>~inai: {\tt \\underbar\lb$\dots$\rb}.
+\toindex{underbar}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`a >ak'olouja: $\underline x \quad \overline
+y \quad \underline{\overline{x+y}}$.
+
+\subsection{<Oroj'etec, mikro`i ka`i meg'aloi}
+
+O<i pi`o koino`i <oroj'etec po`u qrhsimopoio~untai st`a majhmatik`a
+e>~inai o<i parenj'eseic, o<i >agk'ulec ka`i t`a >'agkistra.  <'Opwc
+>'eqei >'hdh >anaferje~i, gr'afontac st`on k'wdika {\tt [ ] \\\lb\
+\\\rb\ ( )} lamb'anoume to`uc <oroj'etec: $[\>]\>\{\>\}\>(\>)\>$.  
+Merik`ec for'ec, m`e <oroj'etec megal'uterou meg'ejouc belti'wnetai <h
+>anagnwsim'othta t~wn majhmatik~wn, <'opwc p.q.
+$$\bigl(a\times(b+c)\bigr) \bigl((a\times b)+c\bigr).$$
+
+Gi`a megal'uterouc >aristero`uc <oroj'etec pr'epei n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume
+t`ic l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt \\bigl}, {\tt \\Bigl}, {\tt \\biggl} ka`i
+{\tt  \\Biggl} >empr`oc >ap`o a>uto`uc. Par'omoia, m`e t`ic l'exeic
+>el'egqou {\tt \\bigr}, {\tt \\Bigr}, {\tt \\biggr} ka`i {\tt \\Biggr}
+lamb'anoume meg'alouc dexio`uc <oroj'etec. >'Etsi m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt
+\$\\Bigl[ \\ldots \\Bigr]\$} pa'irnoume $\Bigl[ \ldots
+\Bigr]$\null.\TeXref{145--147} <Or'iste ka`i <'enac p'inakac m`e t`a
+di'afora meg'ejh <orojet~wn.
+\toindex{bigl}
+\toindex{Bigl}
+\toindex{biggl}
+\toindex{Biggl}
+\toindex{bigr}
+\toindex{Bigr}
+\toindex{biggr}
+\toindex{Biggr}
+
+%% \everycr can add 4 points between lines in the following table %%
+\everycr={\noalign{\vskip 4 pt}}
+\maketable [<Oroj'etec diaf'orwn megej~wn]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \quad\qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \quad\qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \quad\qquad
+      &\hfil$#$ & \quad \tt# \hfil \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\{ & \\\lb & \} & \\\rb & ( & ( & ) & )\cr
+\bigl\{ & \\bigl\\\lb & \bigr\} & \\bigr\\\rb & \bigl( & \\bigl( & \bigr) &
+\\bigr)\cr
+\Bigl\{ & \\Bigl\\\lb & \Bigr\} & \\Bigr\\\rb & \Bigl( & \\Bigl( & \Bigr) &
+\\Bigr)\cr
+\biggl\{ & \\biggl\\\lb & \biggr\} & \\biggr\\\rb & \biggl(
+         & \\biggl( & \biggr) & \\biggr) \cr
+\Biggl\{ & \\Biggl\\\lb & \Biggr\} & \\Biggr\\\rb & \Biggl(
+         & \\Biggl( & \Biggr) & \\Biggr)\cr
+       }
+
+\everycr={} %%% leave a blank line always above this command! (DF)
+
+Mporo~ume >ak'oma n`a >af'hsoume t`o {\rm \TeX} n`a >apofas'isei m'ono
+tou t`o m'egejoc t~wn <orojet~wn gr'afontac{\tt \\left} ka`i {\tt
+\\right} >empr`oc >ap`o a>uto'uc.\TeXref{148} >'Etsi <o k'wdikac {\tt
+\\left[$\ldots$\\right]} >'eqei <wc >apot'elesma o<i perieq'omenoi
+t'upoi n`a perikle'iontai >ap`o >agk'ulec kat'allhlou meg'ejouc. 
+{\tengb Prosoq'h:} gi`a k'aje {\tt \\left} pr'epei n`a <up'arqei ka`i
+t`o >ant'istoiqo {\tt \\right} (>'estw ki >`an <o >ari\-ste\-r`oc
+<oroj'ethc d`en e>~inai <'omoioc m`e t`on dexi'o).  Gi`a par'adeigma, <o
+k'wdikac  {\tt \$\$\\left|\lb a+b \\over c+d\rb\\right|.\$\$} d'inei 
+$$\left|{a+b \over c+d}\right|.$$
+
+\maketable [Majhmatiko`i <oroj'etec]
+\halign{
+\strut \hfill$#$ & \quad \tt # \qquad\qquad &
+       \hfill$#$ & \quad \tt # \qquad\qquad &
+       \hfill$#$ & \quad \tt #  \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+(       & (        & )          & )           & [        & [         \cr
+]       & ]        &\{          & \\\lb       & \}       & \\\rb     \cr
+\lfloor & \\lfloor &\rfloor     &\\rfloor     & \lceil   & \\lceil   \cr
+\rceil  & \\rceil  &\langle     & \\langle    & \rangle  & \\rangle  \cr
+/       & /        & \backslash & \\backslash &|         & |         \cr
+\|      & \\|      &\uparrow    & \\uparrow   & \Uparrow & \\Uparrow \cr
+\downarrow & \\downarrow & \Downarrow & \\Downarrow
+                        & \updownarrow & \\updownarrow \cr
+\Updownarrow & \\Updownarrow \cr
+       }   
+
+\toindex{lfloor}
+\toindex{rfloor}
+\toindex{lceil}
+\toindex{rceil}
+\toindex{langle}
+\toindex{rangle}
+\toindex{|}
+\toindex{uparrow}
+\toindex{Uparrow}
+\toindex{downarrow}
+\toindex{Downarrow}
+\toindex{updownarrow}
+\toindex{Updownarrow}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste $\bigl \lceil \lfloor x \rfloor \bigr \rceil
+\leq \bigl \lfloor \lceil x \rceil \bigr \rfloor$.
+
+\subsection{K'apoiec e>idik`ec sunart'hseic}
+
+<Up'arqoun k'apoiec e>idik`ec sunart'hseic po`u parousi'azontai suqn`a
+st`a majhmatik'a.  S`e m'ia >ex'iswsh <'opwc (($\sin^2x + \cos^2x = 
+1$)) o<i  trigwnometrik`ec sunart'hseic {\rm sin} (<hm'itono) ka`i {\rm
+cos} (sunhm'itono) >'eqoun stoiqeiojethje~i <wc ke'imeno l'ogou, dhl.\
+>'oqi s`e pl'agia stoiqe~ia.  A>ut`oc e>~inai <o sun'hjhc tr'opoc gi`a
+n`a dhlwje~i >ent`oc <en`oc majhmatiko~u t'upou <'oti <up'arqei m'ia
+e>idik`h sun'arthsh (p.q., {\rm cos}) ka`i >'oqi t`o gin'omeno tri~wn
+metablht~wn (p.q., $ c o s$)\null. O<i l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt \\sin}
+ka`i {\tt \\cos} j'etoun a>ut'omata to`uc swsto`uc qarakt~hrec st`on
+majhmatik`h >'ekfrash.\TeXref{162}
+<Or'iste <'enac p'inakac a>ut~wn ka`i merik~wn >'al\-lwn e>idik~wn
+sunart'hsewn:
+
+\maketable [E>idik`ec majhmatik`ec sunart'hseic]
+\halign{
+   \strut \tt {\\}#\hfil && \quad \tt {\\}#\hfil \cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   sin    & cos    & tan  & cot  & sec  & csc & arcsin & arccos \cr
+   arctan & sinh   & cosh & tanh & coth & lim & sup    & inf    \cr
+   limsup & liminf & log  & ln   & lg   & exp & det    & deg    \cr
+   dim    & hom    & ker  & max  & min  & arg & gcd    & Pr     \cr
+       }
+
+\toindex{sin}
+\toindex{cos}
+\toindex{tan}
+\toindex{cot}
+\toindex{sec}
+\toindex{csc}
+\toindex{arcsin}
+\toindex{arccos}
+\toindex{arctan}
+\toindex{sinh}
+\toindex{cosh}
+\toindex{tanh}
+\toindex{coth}
+\toindex{lim}
+\toindex{sup}
+\toindex{inf}
+\toindex{limsup}
+\toindex{liminf}
+\toindex{log}
+\toindex{ln}
+\toindex{lg}
+\toindex{exp}
+\toindex{det}
+\toindex{deg}
+\toindex{dim}
+\toindex{hom}
+\toindex{ker}
+\toindex{max}
+\toindex{min}
+\toindex{arg}
+\toindex{gcd}
+\toindex{Pr}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin\theta\cos\theta \quad
+\cos(2\theta) = 2\cos^2\theta - 1  $.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $$\int \csc^2x\, dx = -\cot x+ C \qquad
+\lim_{\alpha\to 0} {\sin\alpha \over \alpha} = 1 \qquad \lim_{\alpha\to
+\infty} {\sin\alpha \over \alpha} = 0.$$
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: $$\tan(2\theta) = {2\tan\theta \over 
+1-\tan^2\theta}.$$          
+
+\subsection{>Ako'usate, >ako'usate!}
+
+<Up'arqei m'ia e>idik`h {\tengs makroentol'h\/} (>`h {\sl macro\/}) <h
+<opo~ia e>~inai qr'hsimh gi`a k'aje majhmatik`h dhmos'ieush.  Pr'okeitai
+gi`a t`hn makroentol`h {\tt\\proclaim}.  Qrhsimopoie~itai gi`a
+jew\-r'h\-mata, sumper'asmata, prot'aseic, k.lp.  <H par'agrafoc met`a 
+t`o {\tt \\proclaim} qwr'izetai s`e d'uo m'erh: t`o pr~wto m'eroc
+fj'anei ka`i sumperilamb'anei t`hn pr'wth tele'ia st`hn <opo'ia
+>akolouje~i ken`o di'asthma; t`o de'utero m'eroc e>~inai t`o <up'oloipo
+t~hc paragr'afou.\TeXref{202--203}\ <H >id'ea p'isw >ap`o a>ut`o t`o
+t'eqnasma e>~inai <'oti t`o pr~wto m'eroc pr'epei n`a e>~inai k'ati
+<'opwc (({\rm Theorem 1.}))\ >`h (({\rm Corollary\NB{}B.}))\null.  T`o
+de'utero m'eroc e>~inai t`o perieq'omeno to~u jewr'hmatoc >`h to~u
+sumper'asmatoc.  Gi`a par'adeigma, m`e t`on k'wdika: \toindex{proclaim}
+
+\beginliteral
+\proclaim Theorem 1 (H.~G.~Wells). In the country of the blind,
+the one-eyed man is king.
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent lamb'anoume
+
+\proclaim Theorem 1 (H.\NB G.\NB Wells). In the country of the blind,
+the one-eyed man is king.
+
+Fusik'a, t`o perieq'omeno to~u jewr'hmatoc mpore~i n`a peri'eqei ka`i
+majhmatik`a s'umbola.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:
+\nobreak
+\proclaim Theorem (Euclid). There exist an infinite number of
+primes.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:
+\nobreak
+\proclaim Proposition 1.
+$\root n \of {\prod_{i=1}^n X_i} \leq {1 \over n} \sum_{i=1}^n X_i$
+with equality if and only if $X_1=\cdots=X_n$.
+
+\subsection{Majhmatik`ec parat'axeic}
+          
+<H stoiqeiojes'ia majhmatik~wn parat'axewn (pin'akwn, <orizous~wn,
+k.lp.)\ g'inetai qrhsimopoi'wntac sunduasmo`uc to~u qa\-ra\-kt'h\-ra
+sto'iqishc {\tt \&} ka`i t~hc l'exhc >el'egqou {\tt \\cr}\null.  Gi`a
+n`a >arq'isoume loip`on t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <en`oc majhmatiko~u p'inaka,
+gr'a\-foume st`on k'w\-di\-k'a mac: {\tt\$\$\\pmatrix\lb$\dots$\rb\$\$}.
+Metax`u t~wn >agk'istrwn mpa'inoun o<i gramm`ec to~u p'inaka, <h
+kajem'ia >ek t~wn <opo'iwn telei'wnei m`e {\tt\\cr}.  T`o
+perieq'o\-me\-no k'aje st'hlhc qwr'izetai >ap`o t`o perieq'o\-me\-no
+t~wn geito\-ni\-k~wn thc sthl~wn (st`hn >'idia gramm'h) m`e t`on
+qarakt'hra sto'iqishc {\tt \&}\null. Gi`a n`a g'inoume pi`o katanohto'i,
+<or'iste <'ena par'adeigma:%
+\TeXref{176--178}
+
+\beginliteral
+$$\pmatrix{
+a & b & c & d \cr
+b & a & c+d & c-d \cr
+0 & 0 & a+b & a-b \cr
+0 & 0 & ab  & cd \cr
+}.$$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+<O k'wdikac a>ut`oc d'inei
+$$\pmatrix{
+a & b & c & d \cr
+b & a & c+d & c-d \cr
+0 & 0 & a+b & a-b \cr
+0 & 0 & ab  & cd \cr
+}.$$
+\toindex{pmatrix}%
+>`Ac pros'exoume <'oti k'aje st'hlh to~u parap'anw p'inaka e>~inai
+kentrwm'enh m`e l'igo di'asthma dexi`a ka`i >arister'a. E>~inai dunat`h
+<h dexi`a >`h <h >arister`h sto'iqish t~wn sthl~wn qrhsimopoi'wntac
+kat'allhla t`o {\tt \\hfill}\null, <'opwc, p.q., st`o <ep'omeno
+par'adeigma (prosoq`h st`hn diafor`a m`e t`o prohgo'umeno):
+
+\beginliteral
+$$\pmatrix{
+a & b & c \hfill  & \hfill d  \cr
+b & a & c+d      & c-d      \cr
+0 & 0 & a+b      & a-b      \cr
+0 & 0 & ab \hfill & \hfill cd \cr
+}.$$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent <O parap'anw k'wdikac d'inei
+
+$$\pmatrix{
+a & b & c \hfill & \hfill d   \cr
+b & a & c+d     & c-d       \cr
+0 & 0 & a+b     & a-b       \cr
+0 & 0 & ab \hfill & \hfill cd \cr
+}.$$
+
+\vbox{
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste
+$$ I_4 = \pmatrix{ 1 &0 &0 &0 \cr
+                   0 &1 &0 &0 \cr
+                   0 &0 &1 &0 \cr
+                   0 &0 &0 &1 \cr}$$
+}
+
+E>~inai dunat`o n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume majhmatik`ec parat'axeic m`e
+diaforetiko`uc <oroj'etec.  Qrhsimo\-poi\-'wntac {\tt \\matrix} >ant`i
+to~u {\tt \\pmatrix}, >afairo~untai o<i parenj'eseic to~u p'inaka, ka`i
+>'etsi mporo~ume n`a j'esoume <'opoion <oroj'eth j'eloume m`e  t`o {\tt
+\\left} ka`i t`o {\tt \\right}.  <Or'iste p~wc mporo~ume n`a l'aboume
+t`hn <or'izousa to~u p'inaka to~u pr'wtou parade'igmatoc.
+\toindex{matrix}
+\toindex{left}
+\toindex{right}
+
+\beginliteral
+$$ \left |
+\matrix{
+a & b & c & d \cr
+b & a & c+d & c-d \cr
+0 & 0 & a+b & a-b \cr
+0 & 0 & ab  & cd \cr
+}
+\right | $$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent A>ut`oc <o k'wdikac d'inei
+
+$$ \left |
+\matrix{
+a & b & c & d \cr
+b & a & c+d & c-d \cr
+0 & 0 & a+b & a-b \cr
+0 & 0 & ab  & cd \cr
+}
+\right | $$
+
+Mporo~ume >ak'oma  n`a gr'ayoume {\tt \\left.}\ >`h/ka`i {\tt \\right.}\
+gi`a n`a dhl'wsoume <'oti <o >ari\-ste\-r`oc >`h/ka`i <o dexi`oc
+<oroj'ethc parale'ipetai (prosoq`h st`hn tele'ia po`u pr'epei n`a
+qrh\-si\-mo\-poi'hsoume).
+
+\exercise Qrhsimopoi~hste t`ic >entol`ec stoiqeiojes'iac pin'akwn to~u
+{\rm \TeX} gi`a t`hn parak'atw >ex'iswsh
+$$ |x| = \left\{ \matrix{ x & x \ge 0 \cr
+                         -x & x \le 0 \cr} \right.$$
+
+\noindent <H >ex'iswsh t~hc parap'anw >'askhshc, >all`a ka`i >'alloi
+par'omoioi t'upoi mporo~un n`a stoiqeiojethjo~un >ep'ishc m`e t`hn
+makroentol`h {\tt \\cases}.\TeXref{175} P.q., <o k'wdikac
+
+\beginliteral@obeyspaces
+$$ \delta (x) = \cases{ \infty, & if $ x = 0 $; \cr
+@                             0, & otherwise. \cr }$$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+d'inei:
+$$ \delta (x) = \cases{ \infty, & {\rm if $ x = 0 $;} \cr
+                             0, & {\rm otherwise.} \cr }$$
+
+Merik`ec for`ec sto`uc p'inakec b'azoume merik`ec suneq'omenec tele~iec
+<wc >'endeixh para\-lei\-po\-m'enwn sumb'olwn.  O<i >akolouj'iec
+>el'egqou {\tt\\cdots}, {\tt\\vdots} ka`i {\tt\\ddots}
+qrhsi\-mo\-poio~u\-ntai gi`a >'enjesh <orizont'iwn, kaj'etwn ka`i
+diagwn'iwn telei~wn >ant'istoiqa.  >'Etsi mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume
+
+\beginliteral
+$$ \left [
+\matrix{
+aa     & \cdots & az     \cr
+\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \cr
+za     & \cdots & zz     \cr }
+\right ] $$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent gi`a n`a l'aboume
+$$ \left [
+\matrix{
+aa     & \cdots & az     \cr
+\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \cr
+za     & \cdots & zz     \cr }
+\right ] $$
+
+Mporo~ume n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume p'inakec ka`i >ent`oc st'iqou, >all`a
+t`o >apot'elesma j`a e>~inai m'allon >'asqhmo.
+
+\subsection{Diakrit`ec kentrwm'enec >exis'wseic}
+\nobreak
+
+M'eqri t'wra, <'ola <'osa >anaf'erjhkan sqetik`a m`e t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
+majhmatik~wn >efar\-m'o\-zo\-ntai t'oso gi`a >ekfr'aseic >ent`oc st'iqou <'oso
+ka`i gi`a >ekfr'aseic diakrit`ec kentrwm'enec.  >Ed~w j`a m'ajoume
+merik`a pr'agmata po`u >efarm'ozontai m'onon s`e diakrit`ec >exis'wseic.
+
+T`o pr~wto pr'agma e>~inai <h sto'iqish diakrit~wn majhmatik~wn
+>ekfr'asewn (p.q., >exis'wsewn) po`u katalamb'anoun poll`ec >ar'adec. 
+A>ut`o g'inetai m`e t`on qarakt'hra sto'iqishc {\tt \&} ka`i t`ic
+>akolouj'iec >el'egqou {\tt \\cr} ka`i {\tt \\eqalign}.  Xeki\-n'w\-ntac
+m`e {\tt \$\$\\eqalign\lb$\dots$\rb\$\$}, gr'afoume t`ic >exis'wseic
+po`u pr'okeitai n`a stoiqhjo~un <olo\-klh\-r'wno\-ntac t`hn k'aje m'ia
+m`e {\tt \\cr}.  S`e k'aje m'ia >ex'iswsh pr'epei n`a mpa'inei ka`i
+<'ena {\tt \&} gi`a n`a dhl'wnetai <h sto'iqish.  Sun'hjwc <h sto'iqish
+g'inetai s`e s'umbola >is'othtac, par'' <'oti a>ut`o d`en e>~inai p'anta
+<o kan'onac.  Gi`a par'adeigma, gr'afontac%
+\TeXref{190--192}
+\toindex{eqalign}
+
+\beginliteral
+$$\eqalign{
+a+b &= c+d \cr
+x &= w + y + z \cr
+m + n + o + p &= q \cr
+}$$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent lamb'anoume
+$$\eqalign{
+a+b &= c+d \cr
+x &= w + y + z \cr
+m + n + o + p &= q \cr
+}$$
+
+T`ic diakrit`ec >exis'wseic mporo~ume n`a t`ic >arijm'hsoume st`o
+dexi`o >`h st`o >arister`o perij'wri'o touc.  >E`an gr'ayoume
+{\tt\\eqno} s`e m'ia >ex'iswsh >ent`oc plais'iou st`on k'wdik'a mac,
+t'ote <'o,ti br'isketai met`a >ap`o a>ut`h t`hn l'exh >el'egqou
+metatop'izetai pr`oc t`o dexi`o perij'wrio. >'Etsi m`e {\tt \$\$ x+y=z.\
+\\eqno (1)\$\$}, t`o >apot'elesma e>~inai
+$$ x+y=z. \eqno (1)$$
+Gi`a n`a >arijm'hsoume m'ia >ex'iswsh st`o >arister`o perij'wrio
+gr'afoume {\tt \\leqno} >ant`i to~u {\tt \\eqno}.
+\toindex{eqno}
+\toindex{leqno}
+
+E>~inai >ep'ishc dunat`o n`a >arijm'hsoume stoiqism'enec >exis'wseic
+qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn l'e\-xh >el'egqou {\tt \\eqalignno}.  <O qarakt'hrac
+>el'egqou {\tt \&} qrhsimopoie~itai gi`a n`a xeqwr'isei <o >arij\-m`oc
+t~hc >ex'iswshc >ap`o t`hn >'idia t`hn >ex'iswsh. P.q.\ m`e
+
+\beginliteral
+$$\eqalignno{
+a+b &= c+d & (1) \cr
+x &= w + y + z \cr
+m + n + o + p &= q & * \cr
+}$$
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent lamb'anoume
+$$\eqalignno{
+a+b &= c+d & (1) \cr
+x &= w + y + z \cr
+m + n + o + p &= q & * \cr
+}$$
+
+>Ant'istoiqa, qrhsimopoio~ume {\tt \\leqalignno} gi`a n`a j'esoume
+>arijmo`uc >exis'wsewn st`o >arister`o peri\-j'wrio stoiqism'enwn
+>exis'wsewn.%
+\TeXref{192--193}
+\toindex{eqalignno}
+\toindex{leqalignno}
+
+T'eloc, >`ac <upoj'esoume <'oti j'eloume n`a e>is'agoume m'eroc mikro~u
+keim'enou st`o >endi'ameso m'iac diakrit~hc >ex'iswshc.  A>ut`o
+mporo~ume n`a t`o pet'uqoume j'etontac t`o ke'imeno s`e <'ena {\rm
+hbox}. >Ak'oma mporo~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`o {\rm hbox} <'wste n`a
+j'esoume ka`i ken`a dia\-st'h\-mata metax`u l'exewn >`h/ka`i majhmatik~wn
+sumb'olwn (>`ac jumhjo~ume <'oti <'ola t`a diast'hmata >agno\-o~untai
+st`hn stoiqei\-ojes'ia majhma\-tik~wn t'upwn). Gr'a\-fo\-ntac loip`on
+t`on k'wdika {\tt \$\$X=Y \\hbox\lb{} if and only if \rb x=y.\$\$} j`a
+l'aboume
+$$X=Y \hbox{ \rm if and only if } x=y.$$
+>Ax'izei n`a pros'exoume t`a ken`a diast'hmata st`o {\rm hbox}.
+
+\exercise Prospaj~hste n`a k'anete merik`a >ap`o t`a d'uskola
+probl'hmata t~wn sel'idwn 180--181 to~u {\sl \TeX book}.
+
+
+\section{Stoiqhje~ite!}        
+
+>Arket`ec for`ec j`a qreiasje~i n`a fti'axoume <'enan m`h majhmatik`o
+p'inaka st`o >'entup'o mac.  E>utuq~wc t`o {\rm \TeX} mpore~i n`a
+stoiqeiojet'hsei m`h majhmatiko`uc p'inakec pol`u e>'ukola ka`i m'alista
+kat`a d'uo tr'opouc.  <O pr~wtoc tr'opoc e>~inai m`e t`o {\tengs
+perib'allon} {\rm tabbing} (pinakopo'ihsh).  Gi`a <'osouc gnwr'izoun
+>ap`o grafomhqan'h, t`o {\rm tabbing}  e>~inai k'ati <'omoio m`e t`hn
+r'ujmish t~wn meg'alwn diasthm'atwn t~hc grafomhqan~hc, t~wn {\rm
+TAB}\null.  K'aje gramm`h >epexerg'azetai xeqwrist'a (kat`a tr'opo pol`u
+kal'utero >ap`o a>ut`on t~hc grafomhqan~hc), >an'aloga m`e t`ic j'eseic
+sto'iqishc t~wn sthl~wn <'opwc a>ut`ec >'eqoun kajorisje~i m`e t`o {\rm
+tab}.  <O de'uteroc tr'opoc  e>~inai m`e t`o {\tengs perib'allon} {\rm
+alignment} (e>ujugr'ammish) m`e t`o <opo~io <'oloc <o p'inakac
+stoiqeiojete~itai <wc m'ia <en'othta kat`a m'ia prokajorism'enh morf'h.
+
+\subsection{Qrhsimopoi~hste  t`o {\lsecfont TAB}}         
+        
+Gi`a n`a <etoim'asoume <'enan p'inaka m`e t`o perib'allon {\rm tabbing},
+j`a pr'epei pr~wta n`a <or'isoume t`a shme~ia sto'iqishc, dhl.\ t`hn
+j'esh k'aje st'hlhc, m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\settabs}.         
+>Ef'' <'oson k'anoume a>ut'o, gr'afoume st`on k'wdik'a mac k'aje gramm`h
+to~u p'inak'a mac xekin'wntac m`e t`o s'umbolo >el'egqou {\tt \\+} ka`i
+telei'wnontac m`e {\tt \\cr}.  <'Opwc >'eqoume de~i >epaneilhm\-m'ena,
+t`a ke\-n`a diast'hmata st`on k'wdika d`en >epidro~un st`hn telik`h
+morf`h to~u >ent'upou.
+\toindex{settabs}
+
+<H <aplo'usterh qr'hsh to~u {\tt \\settabs} e>~inai gi`a n`a fti'axoume
+<'enan p'inaka m`e st~hlec >'idiou pl'atouc.\TeXref{231} M`e {\tt
+\\settabs 5 \\columns} j`a l'aboume <'enan p'inaka p'ente sthl~wn
+>'idiou pl'atouc.  <H metap'hdhsh >ap`o m'ia st'hlh st`hn >'allh
+g'inetai m`e t`on qarakt'hra sto'iqishc {\tt\&}\null.  >'Etsi, gi`a
+par'adeigma, <o k'wdikac \toindex{columns}
+
+%%% EU countries, 1997
+\beginliteral
+\settabs 5 \columns
+\+ Austria & Finland & Greece & Luxemburg & Spain \cr
+\+ Belgium & France & Ireland & The Netherlands & Sweden \cr
+\+ Denmark & Germany & Italy & Portugal & United Kingdom \cr
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+m~ac d'inei
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+{\rm % begin roman
+\settabs 5 \columns
+\+ Austria & Finland & Greece & Luxemburg & Spain \cr
+\+ Belgium & France & Ireland & The Netherlands & Sweden \cr
+\+ Denmark & Germany & Italy & Portugal & United Kingdom \cr
+} % end roman
+
+D`en e>~inai >apara'ithto n`a <up'arqei k'ati metax`u k'aje sumb'olou
+sto'i\-qi\-shc; k'apoiec st~hlec mporo~ume n`a t`ic >af'hsoume ken'ec. 
+Gi`a n`a fti'axoume t`on >'idio p'inaka m`e <'exi st~hlec, d`en
+qrei'azetai par`a n`a gr'ayoume {\tt \\settabs 6 \\columns}; kat`a
+a>ut`on t`on  tr'opo t`o prohgo'umeno par'adeigma g'inetai:        
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+{\rm % begin roman
+\settabs 6 \columns
+\+ Austria & Finland & Greece & Luxemburg & Spain \cr
+\+ Belgium & France & Ireland & The Netherlands & Sweden \cr
+\+ Denmark & Germany & Italy & Portugal & United Kingdom \cr
+} % end roman
+
+St`o teleuta~io par'adeigma o<i st~hlec >'eqoun mikr'otero pl'atoc.
+>Ep'ishc <up'arqoun ka`i d'uo ped'ia to~u p'inaka\fnote{<O <'oroc
+{\tengs ped'io to~u p'inaka\/} shma'inei <otid'hpote st`on k'wdika
+perilamb'anetai metax`u d'uo diadoqik~wn {\tt \& $\ldots$ \&}, metax`u
+{\tt \\+ $\ldots$ \&} >`h metax`u {\tt \& $\ldots$ \\cr}.} po`u
+>al\-lh\-loepi\-kal'u\-ptontai st`hn teleuta'ia gramm'h tou. A>ut`o
+sum\-ba'inei giat`i t`o {\rm \TeX}, s`e >ant'ijesh m`e m'ia koin`h
+grafomhqan'h, metakine~i k'aje stoiqe~io to~u p'inaka st`hn <ep'omenh
+gramm`h sto'iqishc, >'estw ki >`an a>ut`o shma'inei k'inhsh pr`oc t`a
+p'isw ka`i >allhloepik'aluyh k'apoiwn stoiqe'iwn.
+
+<Up'arqei m'ia >endiaf'erousa sq'esh metax`u t~hc >'ennoiac to~u
+sun'olou ka`i to~u perib'al\-lon\-toc {\rm tabbing}. P.q., o<i tim`ec
+{\tt\\settabs} >'eqoun >isq`u m'onon >ent`oc to~u sun'olou <'opou
+<or'izontai.  Kat`a sun'epeia, e>~inai dunat`o n`a >all'axoume
+proswrin`a t`ic j'eseic sto'iqishc (dhl., t`o {\tt\\settabs})
+dhmiourg'wntac <'ena s'unolo m`e t`hn qr'hsh >agk'istrwn. >Epipl'eon,
+k'aje ped'io to~u p'inaka >apo\-te\-le~i <'ena a>utotel`ec s'unolo.
+Mporo~ume loip`on n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume <'ena ped'io to~u p'inaka
+m`e >'entonouc t'upouc qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\bf} qwr`ic
+>'agkistra.  Ka`i k'aje st'hlh >ekt`oc t~hc teleuta'iac mporo~ume n`a
+t`hn stoiq'isoume st`o k'entro, >arister`a >`h dexi'a, >`h >ak'oma n`a
+t`hn gem'isoume m`e m'ia gramm`h >`h m`e tele~iec (<wc        
+>aposiwphtik'a).  >Ex <orismo~u, t`o {\rm\TeX} j'etei st`o t'eloc k'aje
+ped'iou to~u p'inaka <'ena {\tt \\hfil}, >'etsi <'wste <ola t`a
+ped'ia n`a stoiq'izontai >arister'a, <'opwc sumba'inei ka`i m`e t`hn
+>entol`h {\tt \\line}.  Prosj'etontac <'ena {\tt \\hfil} pr`in >ap`o
+<'ena stoiqe~io to~u p'inaka, t`o >apot'elesma j`a e>~inai t`o stoiqe~io
+a>ut`o n`a metakinhje~i st`o k'entro t~hc st'hlhc.  Prosj'etontac <'omwc
+<'ena {\tt \\hfill} >ant`i to~u {\tt \\hfil}, t`o >apot'elesma j`a
+e>~inai t`o stoiqe~io n`a metakinhje~i st`hn dexi`a >'akrh t~hc st'hlhc.
+(T`o {\tt \\hfill} >'eqei t`hn >'idia leitourg'ia m`e t`o {\tt \\hfil},
+dhl.\ ka`i t`a d'uo d'inoun >epipl'eon ken`o di'asthma; m'ono po`u
+<'otan >emfan'izontai ka`i t`a d'uo maz'i, t`o {\tt \\hfill} >'eqei
+proterai'othta.)
+\toindex{hfill}
+
+%%% EU countries which meet (more-or-less) the Maastricht criteria
+%%% for monetary union (excluded: Belgium, Italy, Greece).
+%%% Luxemburg has been set in bold, 'cause it's the only one that
+%%% really meets these criteria (data 1997).
+\beginliteral @obeyspaces
+\settabs 5 \columns
+\+ \hfil Austria \hfil & \hfill Finland \quad & \dotfill
+@                                  & \bf Luxemburg   & Spain \cr
+\+ \hfil --- \hfil     & \hfill France  \quad & Ireland
+@                                  & The Netherlands & Sweden \cr
+\+ \hfil Denmark \hfil & \hfill Germany \quad & \hrulefill & Portugal 
+@                                  & Portugal        & United Kingdom \cr
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+T`o parap'anw par'adeigma j`a d'wsei <'enan p'inaka m`e t`hn pr'wth     
+st'hlh kentrwm'enh, t`hn de'uterh stoiqism'enh dexi'a (m`e        
+k'apoio ken`o di'asthma >ap`o t`o {\tt\\quad}), ka`i <'ena ped'io
+({\rm Luxemburg}) s`e >'entonouc t'upouc.  O<i l'exeic >el'egqou
+{\tt\\dotfill} kai {\tt\\hrulefill} d'inoun >ep'ishc k'apoia
+>enal\-la\-ktik`a ped'ia st`on p'inak'a mac.
+\toindex{dotfill}
+\toindex{hrulefill}
+\vskip\baselineskip        
+        
+{\rm % begin roman
+\settabs 5 \columns
+\+ \hfil Austria \hfil & \hfill Finland \quad & \dotfill 
+                                   & \bf Luxemburg   & Spain \cr
+\+ \hfil --- \hfil     & \hfill France  \quad & Ireland 
+                                   & The Netherlands & Sweden \cr
+\+ \hfil Denmark \hfil & \hfill Germany \quad & \hrulefill
+                                   & Portugal        & United Kingdom \cr
+}% end roman
+
+\exercise J'este t`a ped'ia to~u parap'anw p'inaka st`o k'entro k'aje
+st'hlhc.
+
+T`ic st~hlec to~u p'inaka mporo~ume n`a t`ic k'anoume n`a >'eqoun ka`i
+diaforetik`o pl'atoc <h m'ia >ap`o t`hn >'allh.  A>ut`o g'inetai 
+qrhsimopoi'wntac m'ia {\tengs gramm`h--de~igma} st`on k'wdik'a mac
+<'opwc: {\tt \\settabs \\+ $\ldots$ \& $\ldots$ \& $\ldots$ \\cr}.  T`o
+di'asthma metax`u t~wn qarakt'hrwn sto'iqishc {\tt \&} kajor'izei ka`i
+to pl'atoc t~wn sthl~wn.  Gi`a par'adeigma, m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt
+\\settabs \\+ \\hskip 1 in \& \\hskip 2 in \& \\hskip 1,5 in \& \\cr}
+j`a l'aboume t`hn >arq`h t~hc pr'wthc st'hlhc s`e >ap'ostash m'iac
+>'intsac >ap`o t`o >arister`o perij'wrio, t`hn >arq`h t~hc <ep'omenhc
+st'hlhc d'uo >'intsec dexi'wtera t~hc pr'wthc ka`i t`hn tr'ith 1,5
+>'intsec >ak'oma pi`o dexi'a. E>~inai >ep'ishc dunat`o n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume k'apoio {\tengs ke'imeno--de~igma} gi`a n`a
+kajor'isoume t`o pl'atoc k'aje st'hlhc. >'Etsi, p.q., m'ia
+pijan`h gramm`h--de~igma j`a >~htan <h >ak'oloujh: {\tt \\settabs \\+
+\\quad Country \\quad \& \\quad Population \\quad \& \\quad Area \\quad
+\& \\cr}.  Kat'' a>ut'on t`on tr'opo <h k'aje st'hlh j`a >'eqei pl'atoc
+>'iso m`e t`o pl'atoc to~u t'itlou thc (dhl.\ {\rm Country}, k.lp.)\
+ka`i <'ena ken`o di'a\-sth\-ma pl'atouc <en`oc tetrag'wnou <ekat'erwjen to~u
+t'itlou.  <Or'iste <'ena pi`o pl~hrec par'a\-deigma:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+\\settabs \\+ \\quad Year \\quad \& \\quad Price \\quad
+\                                            \& \\quad Dividend \& \\cr
+\\+ \\hfill Year \\quad \& \\quad Price  \\quad \& \\quad Dividend \\cr
+\\+ \\hfill 1971 \\quad \& \\quad 41--54 \\quad \& \\qquad \\\$2.60   \\cr
+\\+ \\hfill 2    \\quad \& \\quad 41--54 \\quad \& \\qquad \\\$2.70 \\cr
+\\+ \\hfill 3    \\quad \& \\quad 46--55 \\quad \& \\qquad \\\$2.87 \\cr
+\\+ \\hfill 4    \\quad \& \\quad 40--53 \\quad \& \\qquad \\\$3.24 \\cr
+\\+ \\hfill 5    \\quad \& \\quad 45--52 \\quad \& \\qquad \\\$3.40 \\cr
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+<O parap'anw k'wdikac d'inei:\TeXref{247}
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+{\rm
+\settabs \+ \quad Year \quad & \quad Price \quad & \quad
+Dividend \quad & \cr
+\+ \hfill Year \quad & \quad Price  \quad & \quad Dividend \cr 
+\+ \hfill 1971 \quad & \quad 41--54 \quad & \qquad \$2.60  \cr
+\+ \hfill 2    \quad & \quad 41--54 \quad & \qquad \$2.70 \cr
+\+ \hfill 3    \quad & \quad 46--55 \quad & \qquad \$2.87 \cr
+\+ \hfill 4    \quad & \quad 40--53 \quad & \qquad \$3.24 \cr
+\+ \hfill 5    \quad & \quad 45--52 \quad & \qquad \$3.40 \cr
+} % end roman
+
+\exercise Metakin~hste t`on parap'anw p'inaka pi`o kont`a st`o k'entro
+t~hc sel'idac.
+
+\exercise <'Enac tr'opoc gi`a n`a f'eroume st`o k'entro t~hc sel'idac
+ke'imeno t`o <opo~io katalamb'anei >arket`ec >ar'adec, e>~inai n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume: {\tt \$\$\\vbox\lb$\ldots$\rb\$\$}.  M`e t`on tr'opo
+a>ut`o metakin~hste pr`oc t`o k'entro t`on parap'anw p'inaka.  Pr'epei
+<h >entol`h {\tt \\settabs} n`a peri\-lam\-b'a\-netai st`o {\tt\\vbox}?
+
+\exercise Belti~wste t`on teleuta~io p'inaka j'etontac m'ia ken`h
+gramm`h met`a to`uc t'itlouc.  <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\hrule} j'etei
+m'ia <oriz'ontia e>uje'ia metax`u d'uo gramm~wn to~u p'inaka. 
+>Epanal'abete t`hn >'askhsh j'etontac t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\strut}
+met`a t`o {\tt \\+} st`hn gramm`h po`u peri'eqei to`uc t'itlouc t~wn
+sthl~wn.  (T`o {\tt \\strut} o>usiastik`a fti'aqnei t`o di'asthma
+metax`u t~wn gramm~wn to~u p'inaka k'apwc megal'utero. >'Etsi >all'azei
+t`o di'astiqo t~wn gramm~wn to~u p'inaka.)\TeXref{82} Pros'exte loip`on
+t`o parap'anw di'asthma po`u prost'ijetai metax`u t~wn gramm~wn.
+\toindex{strut}
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`on >ak'oloujo p'inaka m`e sto'iqish st`o
+dekadik`o shme~io, dhl.\ >'etsi <'wste t`a dekadik`a yhf'ia, d'ekata    
+ka`i <ekatost'a, n`a br'iskontai stoiqism'ena st`hn >'idia j'esh.
+(<Up'odeixh: jewr~hste t`o >ak'eraio m'eroc t~wn >arijm~wn stoiqism'eno
+dexi`a t~hc tele'iac ka`i t`o dekadik`o m'eroc stoiqism'eno >arister`a
+t~hc tele'iac.)
+{\rm
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\settabs \+ \hskip 2 in & \hskip .75in & \hskip 1cm & \cr
+\+ & Plums          & \hfill \$1&.22 \cr
+\+ & Coffee         & \hfill   1&.78 \cr
+\+ & Granola        & \hfill   1&.98 \cr
+\+ & Mushrooms      &           &.63 \cr
+\+ & {Kiwi fruit}   &           &.39 \cr
+\+ & {Orange juice} & \hfill   1&.09 \cr
+\+ & Tuna           & \hfill   1&.29 \cr
+\+ & Zucchini       &           &.64 \cr
+\+ & Grapes         & \hfill   1&.69 \cr
+\+ & {Smoked beef}  &           &.75 \cr
+\+ & Broccoli       & \hfill\underbar{\ \ 1}&\underbar{.09} \cr
+\+ & Total          & \hfill \$12&.55 \cr
+     } % end roman
+        
+\exercise Skefje~ite p~wc j`a qrhsimopoi'hsete t`o {\tt\\settabs} gi`a
+n`a fti'axete <'enan pr'oqeiro p'inaka perieqom'enwn <'opwc:
+\medskip
+\leftline{\tt Getting Started \\dotfill \& \\hfill 1}
+\leftline{\tt All Characters Great and Small \\dotfill \& \\hfill 9.}
+
+\subsection{<Oriz'ontia sto'iqish m`e pi`o pol'uplokec mej'odouc}
+
+T`o perib'allon {\tt \\settabs} e>~inai e>'ukolo st`hn qr'hsh tou, ka`i
+<'otan kajor'isoume m'ia for`a t`o sq~hma to~u p'inaka, mporo~ume n`a
+t`o qrhsimopoi'hsoume gi`a n`a par'agoume <'omoiouc p'inakec s`e
+di'afora m'erh to~u keim'enou po`u >akolouje~i. <Wst'oso, t`o
+perib'allon a>ut`o mpore~i n`a m`hn e>~inai t`o pl'eon e>'uqrhsto.  Gi`a
+par'adeigma, t`o pl'atoc k'aje st'hlhc pr'epei n`a dhlwje~i pr`in t`o
+gr'ayimo to~u perieqom'enou t~wn sthl~wn.  >Ep'ishc, st`hn per'iptwsh
+po`u j'eloume m'ia st'hlh n`a stoiqeiojethje~i <'olh m`e >'entona
+stoiqe~ia pr'epei n`a t`o dhl'wnoume a>ut`o s`e k'aje gramm'h. A>ut`a
+t`a probl'hmata mporo~ume n`a t`a xeper'asoume m`e t`o perib'allon
+{\tt\\halign}.\TeXref{235--238}
+\toindex{halign}        
+<H genik`h morf`h to~u perib'allontoc {\tt \\halign} >'eqei <wc >ex~hc:
+\beginuser
+\\halign\lb{} $<${\tengs gramm`h--de~igma\/}$>$ \\cr
+$<${\tengs pr'wth gramm`h to~u p'inaka\/}$>$ \\cr
+$<${\tengs de'uterh gramm`h to~u p'inaka\/}$>$ \\cr
+$\vdots$
+$<${\tengs teleuta'ia gramm`h to~u p'inaka\/}$>$ \\cr
+\rb
+\enduser
+
+<H gramm`h--de~igma, <h <opo'ia d`en j`a tupwje~i st`o t'eloc, kaj`wc
+ka`i oi <up'oloipec >emfan'isimec gramm`ec to~u p'inaka ({\rm display lines})
+qwr'izontai s`e katak'orufec st~hlec m`e t`o s'umbolo
+sto'i\-qi\-shc\NB{}{\tt\&}\null.  S`e k'aje st'hlh t~hc
+gramm~hc--de'igmatoc qrhsimopoio~untai l'exeic >el'egqou <'opwc
+sumba'inei ka`i m`e t`hn >entol`h  {\tt \\line\lb\rb}\null. Gi`a
+par'adeigma, <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\hfil} mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i
+gi`a sto'iqish m'iac st'hlhc dexi'a, >arister`a >`h st`o k'entro.
+>Ep'ishc, mporo~ume n`a >all'axoume grammatoseir`a m`e t`ic
+>ant'istoiqec >entol`ec {\tt \\bf}, {\tt \\it}, k.lp.  S`e k'aje st'hlh
+t~hc gramm~hc--de'igmatoc, mporo~ume >ak'oma n`a <or'isoume ka`i k'apoio
+{\tengs stajer`o ke'imeno} po`u j`a peri'eqetai s`e <'ola ta ped'ia
+t~hc st'hlhc.  <'Omwc prosoq'h!  S`e k'aje st'hlh t~hc
+gramm~hc--de'igmatoc j`a pr'epei <opwsd'hpote n`a peri'eqetai t`o
+e>idik`o {\tengs s'umbolo >antikat'astashc} {\tt \#} m'ia ka`i m'ono
+m'ia for'a. T`o {\rm \TeX}, <'otan stoiqeiojete~i m'ia gramm`h <en`oc
+p'inaka, j'etei t`o k'aje ped'io t~hc gramm~hc m`e t`hn seir`a
+<'opwc br'iskei t`ic >ant'istoiqec j'eseic t~wn sumb'olwn {\tt \#}\null.
+T`o <ep'omeno par'adeigma m~ac bohj~a n`a katal'aboume kal'utera t`hn
+qr'hsh to~u {\tt \\halign}:
+
+\beginuser
+\\halign\lb\\hskip 2 in \$\#\$\& \\hfil \\quad \# \\hfil \& \\qquad \$\#\$ 
+\hfill 3 in \& \\hfil \\quad \# \\hfil \\cr
+\\alpha   \& alpha   \& \\beta  \& beta  \\cr
+\\gamma   \& gamma   \& \\delta \& delta \\cr
+\\epsilon \& epsilon \& \\zeta  \& zeta  \\cr
+\rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+<H gramm`h--de~igma de'iqnei <'oti <h pr'wth st'hlh j`a peri'eqei
+majhmatik`a s'umbola po`u j`a br'i\-sko\-ntai s`e >ap'ostash d'uo
+>ints~wn >ap`o t`o >arister`o perij'wrio.  <H de'uterh st'hlh j`a
+e>~inai kentrwm'enh m`e ken`o di'asthma <en`oc tetrag'wnou >arister'a. 
+<H tr'ith st'hlh ka`i t'etarth j`a e>~inai par'omoiec m`e t`ic d'uo
+pr~wtec.  <Or'iste ka`i t`o >apot'elesma:
+\medskip       
+{\rm
+\halign{\hskip 2in $#$& \hfil\quad # \hfil & \qquad $#$ %
+                       & \hfil\quad # \hfil\cr
+\alpha   & alpha   & \beta  & beta \cr
+\gamma   & gamma   & \delta & delta \cr
+\epsilon & epsilon & \zeta  & zeta \cr
+}
+} % end roman
+
+St`hn per'iptwsh to~u parap'anw p'inaka, <h pr'wth gramm`h sqhmat'izetai
+m`e >antikat'a\-sta\-sh to~u pr'wtou {\tt \#} t~hc gramm~hc--de'igmatoc
+>ap`o t`o {\tt \\alpha}, to~u de'uterou {\tt\#} >ap`o t`o {\tt alpha},
+to~u tr'itou {\tt \#} >ap`o t`o {\tt\\beta} ka`i to~u t'etartou {\tt \#}
+>ap`o t`o {\tt beta}.  <H >al'hjeia e>~inai <'oti t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en
+proqwre~i >am'eswc st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia a>ut~hc t~hc gramm`h to~u
+p'inaka, >all`a t`hn ful'assei st`hn mn'hmh tou.  T`o >'idio
+>epanalamb'anetai ka`i m`e t`ic <up'oloipec gramm`ec to~u p'inaka. 
+<'Otan t`o {\rm \TeX} diab'asei kai t`hn teleuta'ia gramm`h to~u
+p'inaka, t'ote proqwre~i st`o <oristik`o fti'aximo to~u p'inaka
+d'inontac s`e k'aje st'hlh >arket`o pl'atoc <'wste n`a <up'arqei q~wroc
+gi`a <'ola thc t`a ped'ia.  (>`Ac >'eqoume <up'' >'oyh mac <'oti <h
+stoiqeiojes'ia pin'akwn kat'' aut`on t`on tr`opo e>~inai m'ia {\tengs
+diadikas'ia swreutik`h} gi`a t`hn mn'hmh to~u <upologist~h ka`i a>ut`o
+mpore~i n`a prokal'esei probl'hmata mn'hmhc st`o {\rm \TeX}\null, p.q.,
+mpore~i n`a stamat'hsei n`a tr'eqei d'inont'ac mac t`o m'hnuma:   
+(({\rm out of memory})).  Gi`a t`on l'ogo a>ut'o, e>~inai protim'wtero
+n`a >apofe'ugoume to`uc p'inakec po`u xeperno~un t`hn m'ia sel'ida.) 
+M`e l'iga l'ogia, <h gramm`h--de~igma kajor'izei t`hn morf`h ka`i t`o
+sq~hma t~wn gramm~wn to~u p'inaka, >en`w o<i <up'oloipec gramm`ec
+d'inoun t`a stoiqe~ia po`u j`a peri'eqei telik`a <o p'inakac.
+
+Merik`ec for`ec j`a qreiasje~i n`a kajor'isoume t`a <'oria m'iac
+gramm~hc >`h m'iac st'hlhc to~u p'inaka m`e <oriz'ontiec >`h ka`i
+katak'orufec e>uje~iec.  Gi`a n`a j'esoume <oriz'ontiec e>uje~iec,
+qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn >entol`h {\tt\\hrule}, <'opwc ka`i st`hn       
+per'iptwsh to~u perib'allontoc  {\tt \\settabs}. <'Omwc >epeid`h d`en
+j'eloume <h <oriz'ontia e>uje'ia n`a e>~inai stoiqism'enh s'umfwna m`e
+t`hn gramm`h--de~igma, gi'' a>ut`o ka`i qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn l'exh      
+>el'egqou {\tt \\noalign}. Sunep~wc, gi`a n`a j'esoume m'ia <oriz'ontia
+e>uje'ia st`on p'inaka, gr'afoume: {\tt \\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb}. <'Oso
+gi`a t`ic katak'orufec e>uje~iec, a>ut`ec j'etontai gr'afontac {\tt
+\\vrule} e>'ite st`hn gramm`h--de~igma e>'ite s`e k'apoia >ap`o t`ic
+<up'oloipec gramm`ec to~u p'inaka.  <Wst'oso, t`a pr'agmata d`en e>~inai
+t'oso <apl'a.  >`Ac p'aroume t`o teleuta~io par'adeigma ka`i >`ac
+>all'axoume t`hn gramm`h--de~igma gi`a n`a j'esoume katak'orufec
+e>uje~iec, >all`a >`ac prosj'esoume ka`i merik`ec <oriz'ontiec:
+\toindex{noalign}
+ 
+\beginuser 
+\\halign\lb\\hskip 2in\\vrule\\quad \$\#\$\\quad \& \\vrule \\hfil\\quad % 
+\# \\hfil 
+\hskip 2 in \& \\quad \\vrule \\quad \$\#\$\\quad 
+\hskip 2 in \& \\vrule\\hfil \\quad \# \\quad \\hfil \\vrule \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\\alpha   \& alpha   \& \\beta  \& beta \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\\gamma   \& gamma   \& \\delta \& delta \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\\epsilon \& epsilon \& \\zeta  \& zeta \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\rb 
+\enduser 
+
+\noindent 
+<O parap'anw k'wdikac {\rm \TeX} d`en d'inei <'o,ti >akrib~wc j`a
+j'elame, >all`a
+\vskip\baselineskip
+{\rm
+\halign{\hskip 2in\vrule\quad $#$\quad & \vrule \hfil\quad # \hfil 
+& \quad \vrule \quad $#$\quad & \vrule \hfil\quad # \quad \hfil 
+\vrule \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+\alpha   & alpha   & \beta  & beta \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+\gamma   & gamma   & \delta & delta \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+\epsilon & epsilon & \zeta  & zeta \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+} % end halign
+} % end roman
+
+St`on p'inaka a>ut'o, <up'arqoun poll`a probl'hmata;  t`o pi`o faner`o
+e>~inai o<i <uperbolik`a me\-g'a\-lec <oriz'ontiec e>uje~iec, >all`a
+ka`i t`o ke'imeno po`u fa'inetai strimwgm'eno m'esa st`a pla'isia to~u
+p'inaka. >Epipl'eon, t`a ped'ia k'aje st'hlhc fa'inetai n`a >'eqoun
+l'igo periss'otero ken`o di'asthma st`hn dexi`a pleur'a touc >ant`i n`a
+e>~inai t'eleia kentrwm'ena.  <'Opwc ka`i st`hn per'i\-ptw\-sh to~u
+{\tt \\settabs}, >'etsi ka`i >ed~w o<i gramm`ec to~u p'inaka mporo~un
+n`a g'inoun pi`o >arai`ec qrhsi\-mo\-poi\-'wntac t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\strut} st`hn gramm`h--de~igma.\TeXref{82} <'Omwc, <'ena >ak'oma
+pr'oblhma mpore~i n`a >emfanisje~i kaj`wc t`o {\rm\TeX} dhmiourge~i t`hn
+sel'ida; >'iswc t`o {\rm\TeX} n`a >arai'wsei >elafr`a t`ic gramm`ec to~u
+p'inaka <'wste n`a beltiwje~i <h e>ik'ona t~hc <'olhc sel'idac.  A>ut`o
+mpore~i n`a >'eqei <wc >apot'elesma t`hn >emf'anish mikr~wn ken~wn st`ic
+katak'orufec e>uje~iec to~u p'inaka.  Gi`a n`a >apof'ugoume k'ati
+t'etoio, qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\offinterlineskip}
+m'esa st`o perib'allon {\tt \\halign}. Mporo~ume >ak'oma n`a
+>apof'ugoume t`o pr'oblhma t~wn e>ujei~wn po`u >ex'eqoun st`hn
+>ari\-ste\-r`h pleur`a to~u p'inaka, >afair'wntac t`hn >entol`h {\tt
+\\hskip 2 in} >ap`o t`hn gramm`h--de~igma.  Gi`a n`a metakin'hsoume 
+t`on p'inaka st`hn >arqik'h tou j'esh, qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn >entol`h 
+{\tt\\moveright}.  T'eloc, mporo~ume n`a katal'aboume p~wc n`a
+kentr'wsoume kal`a t`a ped'ia to~u p'inaka, para\-th\-r'wntac <'oti
+t`o >epipl'eon ken`o di'asthma >ap`o t`a >arister`a >emfan'izetai st`hn 
+gramm`h--de~igma met`a t`o s'umbolo {\tt\#}, <'opou dhl.\ g'inetai <h
+>antikat'astash to~u keim'enou t~wn <upolo'ipwn >ar'adwn. Sunolik`a <o
+parap'anw p'inakac mpore~i n`a beltiwje~i <wc >ex~hc:
+\toindex{offinterlineskip}
+\toindex{moveright}
+ 
+\beginuser 
+\\moveright 2 in 
+\\vbox\lb\\offinterlineskip 
+ 
+\\halign\lb\\strut \\vrule \\quad \$\#\$\\quad \&\\vrule \\hfil \\quad % 
+\#\\quad \\hfil 
+\&\\vrule \\quad \$\#\$\\quad \&\\vrule \\hfil \\quad \#\\quad \\hfil % 
+\\vrule \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\\alpha   \& alpha   \& \\beta  \& beta \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\\gamma   \& gamma   \& \\delta \& delta \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\\epsilon \& epsilon \& \\zeta  \& zeta \\cr 
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb 
+\rb\rb 
+\enduser 
+
+\noindent
+<O k'wdikac a>ut`oc d'inei:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+{\rm
+\moveright 2 in 
+\vbox{\offinterlineskip 
+\halign{\strut \vrule \quad $#$\quad &\vrule \hfil \quad #\quad \hfil 
+&\vrule \quad $#$\quad &\vrule \hfil \quad #\quad \hfil 
+\vrule \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+\alpha   & alpha   & \beta  & beta \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+\gamma   & gamma   & \delta & delta \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+\epsilon & epsilon & \zeta  & zeta \cr 
+\noalign{\hrule} 
+} % end halign
+} % end vbox
+} % end roman
+
+Genik'wtera, >e`an j'eloume n`a fti'axoume <'enan p'inaka po`u n`a
+e>~inai kentrwm'enoc st`hn sel'ida, mporo~ume n`a j'esoume t`o {\tt
+\\vbox} m'esa s`e m'ia >entol`h {\tt\\centerline\lb\rb}\null.  <'Omwc
+<or'iste ka`i m'ia pi`o >'exupnh l'ush: >E`an b'aloume t`o {\tt\\vbox}
+metax`u dipl~wn dolar'iwn {\tt \$\$ $\ldots$ \$\$}, <h stoiqeiojes'ia
+tou j`a e>~inai <'omoia m`e a>ut`h diakrit~wn majhmatik~wn >ekfr'asewn,
+dhl.\ kentrwm'enh.  Profan~wc, t`o >apot'elesma d`en j`a e>~inai m'ia
+majhmatik`h >ex'iswsh, >all`a >akrib~wc >epeid`h t`o {\rm\TeX} j`a
+nom'isei <'oti >'eqei n`a k'anei m`e m'ia majhmatik`h >ex'iswsh, j`a
+b'alei l'igo parap'anw ken`o di'asthma >ap`o t`o >ep'anw ka`i k'atw
+m'eroc to~u p'inaka d'inont'ac mac <'ena a>isjhtik`a >arti'wtero
+>apot'elesma. Sunoy'izontac t`a parap'anw, mporo~ume n`a po~ume p`wc
+mporo~ume n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume <'enan >'omorfo kentrwmm'eno p'inaka
+>akolouj'wntac t`a >ex~hc t'essera b'hmata: (1)\NB{}j'e\-tou\-me <'ena
+{\tt \\vbox} metax`u dipl~wn dolar'iwn; (2)\NB{}gr'afoume {\tt
+\\offinterlineskip} ka`i {\tt\\halign} m'esa st`o {\tt \\vbox};
+(3)\NB{}>ent`oc to~u perib'allontoc {\tt \\halign} <etoim'azoume m'ia
+gramm`h--de~igma m`e <'ena {\tt \\strut} st`hn >arq`h ka`i {\tt\\vrule}
+metax`u k'aje de'igmatoc st'hlhc; ka`i (4)\NB{}>an'amesa s`e k'aje
+gramm`h to~u p'inaka gr'afoume {\tt \\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb}. <Or'iste
+p~wc <o parap'anw kan'onac fa'inetai <wc k'wdikac to~u {\rm\TeX}:
+
+\beginuser
+\$\$\\vbox\lb
+\\offinterlineskip
+\\halign\lb
+\\strut \\vrule \# \& \\vrule \# \& \dots \& \\vrule \# \\vrule \\cr
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb
+$<${\tengs stoiqe~io 1hc st'hlhc\/}$>$ \& \dots \& %
+$<${\tengs stoiqe~io teleuta'iac st'hlhc\/}$>$ \\cr
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb
+\dots
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb
+$<${\tengs stoiqe~io 1hc st'hlhc\/}$>$ \& \dots \& %
+$<${\tengs stoiqe~io teleuta'iac st'hlhc\/}$>$ \\cr
+\\noalign\lb\\hrule\rb
+\rb
+\rb\$\$
+\enduser
+
+
+\section{K'an'' to m'onoc sou}
+      
+S'' a>ut`o t`o kef'alaio j`a do~ume p~wc e>~inai dunat`o n`a <or'isoume
+t`ic dik'ec mac l'exeic >el'egqou.  <H dhmiourg'ia a>ut~wn t~wn n'ewn
+{\tengs <orism~wn\/}, po`u st`hn <orolog'ia t~hc Plhroforik~hc
+>apokalo~untai ka`i {\tengs makroentol`ec\/} >`h {\sl macro}, e>~inai
+m'ia >ap`o t`ic pi`o >isqur`ec teqnik`ec po`u m~ac prosf'erei t`o
+{\rm\TeX}\null. <Wc pr'wth >efarmog`h t~hc dhmiourg'iac n'ewn <orism~wn,
+j`a do~ume p~wc mpore~i kane`ic n`a kerd'isei pol`u qr'ono
+daktulogr'afhshc >antikajist'wntac meg'ala m'erh >epanalamban'omenou
+keim'enou m`e <'enan mikr`o <orism'o.
+
+\subsection{T`o makr`u ka`i t`o kont`o}
+
+<H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\def} qrhsimopoie~itai gi`a t`on <orism`o n'ewn
+>akolouji~wn (l'exewn >`h sumb'olwn) >el'egqou.  <O <aplo'u\-ste\-roc
+tr'opoc dhmiourg'iac m'iac n'eac >akolouj'iac >el'egqou e>~inai: {\tt
+\\def\\newname\lb$\ldots$\rb}. Met`a t`on <orism'o, <'opote m'esa st`on
+k'wdik'a mac >emfan'izetai {\tt \\newname}, a>ut`h <h l'exh >el'egqou
+j`a >anti\-kaj'i\-statai >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} m`e t`o {\tengs
+<'orism'a\/} thc, dhl.\ m`e <'o,ti peri'eqoun o<i >agk'ulec to~u
+<orismo~u thc.   E>~inai profan`ec <'oti <h n'ea >entol`h {\tt
+\\newname} pr'epei n`a <orisje~i s'umfwna m`e to`uc kan'onec to~u {\rm
+\TeX}, dhl.\ j`a pr'epei n`a e>~inai e>'ite m'ia n'ea l'exh >el'egqou
+>apotelo'umenh >ap`o qarakt~hrec to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou ka`i m'ono,
+ e>'ite  <'ena n'eo s'umbolo >el'egqou >apotelo'umeno >ap`o <'enan ka`i
+m'onon qarakt'hra >ekt`oc a>ut~wn to~u latiniko~u >alfab'htou.  >`Ac
+<upoj'esoume, p.q., <'oti >'eqoume n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume <'ena ke'imeno
+po`u peri'eqei poll`ec for`ec t`hn fr'ash (({\rm European Union})).  M`e
+t`on <orism`o {\tt \\def\\eu\lb European Union\rb} >'eqoume m'ia n'ea
+l'exh >el'egqou, t`hn {\tt \\eu}, t`hn <opo'ia mporo~ume n`a t`hn
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume <opoud'hpote m'esa st`on k'wdik'a mac met`a t`on
+<orism'o thc.  <H fr'ash {\tt I am a citizen of \\eu.}\ e>~inai swst`h
+>ef'' <'oson >'eqei prohghje~i <o <orism`oc t~hc l'exhc >el'egqou
+{\tt\\eu}.  St`hn per'i\-ptw\-sh a>ut'h, t`o {\rm\TeX} j`a
+>antikatast'hsei t`hn {\tt\\eu} m`e t`o <'orism'a thc (t`hn >'idia
+>epexergas'ia k'anei t`o {\rm\TeX} ka`i m`e t`ic dik'ec tou >eswterik`ec
+>akolouj'iec >el'egqou, gi'' a>ut`o qrei'azetai l'igh prosoq`h st`hn
+>epilog`h t~wn >onom'atwn t~wn n'ewn mac <orism~wn).  <Wst'oso, k'aje
+n'ea >akolouj'ia >el'egqou >'eqei topik`h >isq`u st`o sun'olo >ent`oc
+to~u <opo'iou <or'izetai. Gi`a par'adeigma, <o parak'atw k'wdikac
+{\rm\TeX}
+\toindex{def}
+
+\beginuser
+\\def\\eu\lb European Union\rb
+I worked as a clerk for the \\eu.
+\lb
+\\def\\eu\lb European University\rb
+Then I took a sabbatical leave to study at the \\eu.
+\rb
+Now I am working again for the \\eu.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent d'inei
+
+{\rm
+\def\eu{European Union}
+I worked as a clerk for the \eu.
+{
+\def\eu{European University}
+Then I took a sabbatical leave to study at the \eu.
+}
+Now I am working again for the \eu.
+} % end roman
+
+>`Ac jumhjo~ume <'oti <'ola t`a ken`a diast'hmata po`u >akoloujo~un m'ia
+l'exh >el'egqou >agnoo~untai >ap`o t`o {\rm\TeX} kat`a t`hn
+>epexergas'ia to~u k'wdika; a>ut`o >isq'uei ka`i gi`a t`ic n'eec l'exeic
+>el'egqou po`u >eme~ic <or'izoume.  St`o prohgo'umeno par'adeigma, k'aje
+ken`o di'asthma met`a t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\eu} j`a >agnohje~i.
+<'Omwc, t`o ken`o di'asthma met`a t`hn pr'wth per'iodo (.)\ ka`i met`a
+t`hn pr'wth >ari\-ste\-r`h >agk'ulh ({\tt\lb}) d`en >agnoo~untai >ap`o
+t`o {\rm \TeX}\null; >e`an parathr'hsoume prosektik`a t`o t'eloc t~hc
+pr'wthc pr'otashc po`u stoiqeiojet'hjhke s'umfwna m`e t`o parap'anw
+par'adeigma, j`a do~ume <'oti peri'eqei k'apoio parap'anw ken`o
+di'asthma.  A>ut`o mporo~ume n`a t`o >apof'ugoume j'etontac <'ena
+s'umbolo sqol'iou {\tt \%} met`a t`hn >ari\-ste\-r`h >agk'ulh, <'wste
+t`o <up'oloipo t~hc gramm~hc to~u k'wdika n`a >agnohje~i >ap`o t`o {\rm
+\TeX}\null.  T`o >'idio mporo~ume n`a k'anoume ka`i st`hn gramm`h to~u
+k'wdika m`e t`hn teleuta'ia dexi`a >agk'ulh ({\tt\rb})\null.  Suqn'a,
+a>ut`h <h {\tengs >apenergopo'ihsh\/} t~wn <upolo'ipwn t~wn gramm~wn
+<en`oc <orismo~u ({\rm commenting out}) e>~inai >apara'ithth gi`a t`on
+>apotelesmatik`o >'elegqo t~wn ken~wn diasthm'atwn st`o telik'o mac
+>'entupo.
+
+<'Otan m'ia n'ea makroentol`h >'eqei <orisje~i, <h >'idia mpore~i n`a
+qrhsimopoihje~i ka`i gi`a t`on <orism`o >'allwn makroentol~wn.  A>ut`oc
+e>~inai, p.q., <'enac tr'opoc n`a <etoim'asei k'apoioc >epistol`ec
+<apl~hc morf~hc.  >`Ac <or'isoume pr~wta m'ia <apl`h >epistol'h:
+
+\beginuser
+\\def\\letter\lb
+\\par \\noindent
+Dear \\name,
+\
+This is a little note to let you know that your name is \\name.
+\
+\\hskip 2 in Sincerely yours,
+\\vskip 2\\baselineskip
+\\hskip 2 in The NameNoter
+\\smallskip \\hrule
+\rb
+\enduser
+
+\def\letter{%
+{\rm
+\par \noindent
+Dear \name,
+
+This is a little note to let you know that your name is \name.
+
+\hskip 2 in Sincerely yours,
+\vskip 2\baselineskip\nobreak
+\hskip 2 in The NameNoter
+\smallskip \hrule
+} % end roman
+} % end letter
+
+St`hn >epistol`h qrhsimopoie~itai <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\name}, <h
+<opo'ia <'omwc d`en >'eqei <orisje~i >ak'oma. <'Otan qrhsimopoi'hsoume
+t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\letter}, <h {\tt \\name} j`a
+>antika\-ta\-sta\-je~i m`e t`on tr'eqonta <orism'o thc.  Sunep~wc, <o  
+k'wdikac
+
+\beginuser
+\\def\\name\lb Michael Bishop\rb
+\\letter
+\\def\\name\lb Michelle L\\'ev\\\^{}eque\rb
+\\letter
+\enduser
+
+\noindent j`a m~ac d'wsei d'uo >ant'igrafa t~hc >epistol~hc, t`o kaj'ena
+m`e t`on swst`o paral'hpth ka`i m`e m'ia <oriz'ontia e>uje'ia gramm`h
+st`o t'eloc, dhl.\
+
+\def\name{Michael Bishop}
+\letter
+\goodbreak
+\def\name{Michelle L\'ev\^eque}
+\letter
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+J`a mporo'usame n`a e>'iqame j'esei <otid'hpote (>`h sqed`on
+<otid'hpote) metax`u t~wn >agkul~wn to~u <orismo~u {\tt
+\\def\\name\lb$\ldots$\rb}; j`a mporo'usame n`a j'etame merik`ec
+paragr'afouc ka`i n`a qrhsimopoio~usame ka`i >'allec >entol'ec (par''
+<'oti st`hn per'i\-ptw\-sh m'iac <apl~hc >epistol~hc <'ola a>ut`a j`a
+>~htan m'allon <uperbolik'a).  Fusik'a, j`a mporo'usame n`a j'etame
+st`on <orism`o t~hc {\tt \\letter} ka`i {\tt \\vfill \\eject}, <'wste
+k'aje m'ia >epistol`h n`a tup'wnetai s`e xeqwrist`h sel'ida.
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste m'ia f'orma <apl~hc >epistol~hc qrhsimopoi'wntac
+t`ic >ak'oloujec l'exeic >el'eqou: {\tt \\name} (>'onoma), {\tt
+\\address} (die'ujunsh), {\tt \\postcode} (taqudromik`oc k'wdikac), {\tt
+\\city} (p'olh) ka`i {\tt \\country} (q'wra).
+
+\exercise Suqn`a s`e ke'imena qrei'azetai n`a fti'axoume m`h
+>arijmhm'enec l'istec >antikei\-m'e\-nwn, jem'atwn, k.lp.\
+qrhsimopoi'wntac {\tt \\item\lb\$\\bullet\$\rb}.  <Or'iste m'ia
+makro\-entol`h m`e t`hn >onomas'ia {\tt \\bitem} po`u k'anei a>ut`h t`hn
+doulei`a gi`a merik`ec paragr'afouc.  Kat'opin, >all'axte t`o shme~io
+({\rm bullet}) m`e m'ia pa'ula. J`a parathr'hsete <'oti m'ia m'onon
+mikr`h >allag`h st`on <orism`o t~hc makro\-entol~hc prokale~i <'olec
+t`ic >apara'ithtec >allag`ec s`e <'olec t`ic paragr'afouc.    
+    
+\exercise <Upoj'este <'oti >'eqete n`a <etoim'asete poll`ec     
+paragr'afouc s`e <'ena ke'imeno qrhsimopoi'wntac {\tt \\hangindent = 30
+pt}, {\tt \\hangafter 4} ka`i {\tt \\filbreak} (m`hn >anhsuqe~ite gi`a
+t`o t'i prokalo~un a>ut`ec o<i par'ametroi;  t`o m'ono po`u metr'aei  
+t'wra e>~inai <'oti, >ef'' <'oson <orisjo~un, param'enoun s`e >isq`u
+m'onon gi`a m'ia par'agrafo).  <Or'iste m'ia l'exh >el'egqou  {\tt
+\\setpar} <h <opo'ia n`a mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i >empr`oc >ap`o
+k'aje par'agrafo po`u pr'epei morfopoihje~i s'umfwna m`e t`ic parap'anw
+param'etrouc.     
+    
+\subsection{Par'ametroi st`ic makroentol`ec}    
+    
+O<i n'eec makroentol`ec mporo~un n`a g'inoun pol`u pi`o genik`ec <'otan
+peri'eqoun param'e\-trouc.  <H >id'ea t~wn param'etrwn e>~inai par'omoia
+a>ut~hc t~hc gramm~hc--de'igmatoc to~u peri\-b'al\-lontoc {\tt
+\\halign}\null. Pr~wta, >`ac do~ume t`hn per'i\-ptw\-sh m'iac n'eac
+l'exhc >el'egqou m`e m'ia par'ametro. St`hn per'i\-ptw\-sh a>ut'h, <h
+n'ea l'exh >el'egqou <or'izetai <wc {\tt \\def\\newword\#1\lb
+$\ldots$\rb}\null.  T`o s'umbolo {\tt \#1} mpore~i n`a <up'arqei
+periss'oterec >ap`o m'ia for`a metax`u t~wn >agkul~wn to~u <orismo~u
+t~hc {\tt \\newword}. <'O,ti >'eqei grafe~i metax`u t~wn >agkul~wn to~u
+<orismo~u dr~a <'opwc ka`i <h gramm`h--de~igma to~u peri\-b'al\-lontoc
+{\tt \\halign}\null.  >'Etsi, <'opou m'esa st`on k'wdika >emfan'izetai
+<h {\tt \\newword\lb$\ldots$\rb}, a>ut`h j`a >antikaj'istatai >ap`o t`o
+<'orism'a thc ka`i st`hn j'esh to~u {\tt \#1} j`a mpa'inei t`o <ulik`o
+>ent`oc t~wn >agkul~wn. {\tengb <H parous'ia ken~wn diasthm'atwn st`on
+<orism`o t~hc makroentol~hc >'eqei meg'alh shmas'ia; d`en pr'epei n`a
+<up'ar\-qoun ken`a diast'hmata pr`in t`hn pr'wth >arister`h >agk'ulh
+({\tt\lb}) to~u <orismo~u.}  
+
+<Wc par'adeigma, j`a mporo~usame n`a tropopoi'hsoume t`hn di'ataxh t~hc
+>epistol~hc t~hc prohgo'umenhc paragr'afou kat`a t`on >ak'oloujo tr'opo:
+
+\beginuser
+\\def\\letter\#1\lb
+\\par \\noindent
+Dear \#1,
+\
+This is a little note to let you know that your name is \#1.
+\
+\\hskip 2 in Sincerely yours,
+\\vskip 2\\baselineskip
+\\hskip 2 in The NameNoter
+\\smallskip \\hrule
+\rb
+\enduser
+
+\def\letter#1{%
+{\rm
+\par \noindent
+Dear #1,
+
+This is a little note to let you know that your name is #1.
+
+\hskip 2 in Sincerely yours,
+\vskip 2\baselineskip
+\hskip 2 in The NameNoter
+\smallskip \hrule
+}
+}
+
+\noindent T'wra mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume
+
+\beginuser
+\\letter\lb Michael Bishop\rb
+\\letter\lb Michelle L\\'ev\\\^{}eque\rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent gi`a n`a l'aboume \medskip
+
+\letter{Michael Bishop}
+\goodbreak
+\letter{Michelle L\'ev\^eque}
+
+T'wra >`ac <or'isoume m'ia n'ea  makroentol`h <wc {\tt
+\\def\\displaytext\#1\lb \$\$\\vbox\lb\\hsize = 12 cm \#1\rb\$\$\rb}
+gi`a n`a parousi'azoume k'apoio m'eroc to~u keim'enou mac kentrarism'eno
+xeqwrist`a >ap`o t`o <up'oloipo ke'imeno (p.q., gi`a d'aneio ke'imeno). 
+T'ote, <h >entol`h {\tt \\displaytext\lb$\ldots$\rb} j`a    d'wsei t`o
+ke'imeno >ent`oc t~wn >agkul~wn s`e m'ia kentrarism'enh    par'agrafo
+pl'atouc $12\,\rm cm$ m`e l'igo >epipl'eon ken`o di'asthma st`o >ep'anw
+ka`i k'atw m'eroc thc, >'etsi <'wste n`a xeqwr'izei >ap`o t`o <up'oloipo
+ke'imeno.  >`Ac do~ume <'ena t'etoio par'adeigma m`e t`o ke'imeno
+<eto'uthc t~hc paragr'afou st`hn >agglik`h gl'wssa:
+\def\displaytext#1{$$\vbox{\hsize=12cm #1}$$}
+\displaytext{\rm
+Now let's define
+{\tt\\def\\displaytext\#1\lb \$\$\\vbox\lb\\hsize = 12 cm \#1\rb\$\$\rb}
+as a new macro to display text.
+Then {\tt \\displaytext\lb$\ldots$\rb} will cause the material
+between the braces to be put in a paragraph with width 12 \centimetre
+s and then \centred{} with some space added above and
+below as is appropriate for a display.  This paragraph was set
+using this {\tt \\displaytext} macro.}
+
+K'aje par'ametroc m'iac makroentol~hc d`en mpore~i n`a xepern~a s`e m~hkoc   
+t`hn m'ia par'agrafo.  >E`an m'ia de'uterh par'agrafoc e>isaqje~i <wc   
+m'eroc m'iac param'etrou, t'ote t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a stamat'hsei   
+d'inont'ac mac <'ena m'hnuma l'ajouc.  A>ut`h e>~inai m'ia dikl'ida   
+>asfale'iac to~u {\rm \TeX}\null; diaforetik'a, m'ia tuqa'ia par'aleiyh   
+m'iac dexi~ac >agk'ulhc j`a >an'agkaze t`o {\rm \TeX} n`a jewr'hsei <'olo   
+t`o <up'oloipo >arqe~io <wc m'ia par'ametro k'apoiac makroentol~hc.   
+  
+\exercise <Or'iste m'ia n'ea makroentol`h m`e t`o >'onoma {\tt
+\\yourgrade} (<o bajm'oc sou) >'etsi <'wste <o k'wdikac {\tt
+\\yourgrade\lb89\rb} n`a d'inei stoiqeiojethm'enh t`hn >ak'oloujh
+fr'ash: {\rm The grade you received is 89\%}\null. Fusik'a, j`a
+pr'epei n`a mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i gi`a <opoiond'hpote bajm'o
+(p.q., 45\%\null, 73\%\null, k.lp.).
+\medbreak
+
+<H qr'hsh perissot'erwn param'etrwn d`en e>~inai >idia'itera d'uskolh.  
+ Gi`a n`a <or'isoume m'ia n'ea l'exh >el'egqou d'uo param'etrwn, >arke~i
+n`a    gr'ayoume {\tt \\def\\newword\#1\#2\lb$\ldots$\rb}. T`o <'orisma
+mpore~i n`a peri'eqei >an'amesa st`ic >agk'ulec t`ic param'etrouc {\tt  
+ \#1} ka`i {\tt \#2} ka`i m'alista periss'oterec >ap`o m'ia for`a t`hn
+k'aje m'ia.  <'Otan kat'opin t`o {\rm \TeX} bre~i st`on k'wdik'a mac
+t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\newword\lb$\ldots$\rb\lb$\ldots$\rb}, <'o,ti
+diab'asei metax`u t~wn d'uo pr'wtwn >agkul~wn t`o >antikajist~a st`hn
+j'esh {\tt \#1} to~u <or'ismatoc; ka`i <'o,ti diab'asei metax`u t~wn
+de'uterou ze'ugouc >agkul~wn t`o >anti\-ka\-ji\-st~a st`hn j'esh {\tt
+\#2}\null. <Or'iste <'ena sqetik`o par'adeigma:
+
+\beginuser
+\\def\\talks\#1\#2\lb \#1 talks to \#2.\rb
+\\talks\lb John\rb\lb Jane\rb
+\\talks\lb Jane\rb\lb John\rb
+\\talks\lb John\rb\lb me\rb
+\\talks\lb She\rb\lb Jane\rb
+\enduser
+
+\def\talks#1#2{{\rm #1 talks to #2.}}
+\talks{John}{Jane}
+\talks{Jane}{John}
+\talks{John}{me}
+\talks{She}{Jane}
+  
+\exercise Kat`a tr'opo par'omoio m`e t`hn prohgo'umenh >'askhsh,
+<or'iste m'ia n'ea >entol`h m`e t`o >'onoma {\tt\\yourgrade}, >'etsi
+<'wste <o k'wdikac {\tt \\yourgrade\lb89\rb\lb85\rb} n`a d'inei
+stoiqeiojethm'enh t`hn >ak'oloujh fr'ash: {\rm You received a grade of
+89\% on your first exam and a grade of 85\% on your second exam}. 
+
+\exercise <Or'iste m'ia n'ea l'exh >el'egqou m`e t`hn >onomas'ia {\tt
+\\frac}, >'etsi <'wste <o k'wdikac {\tt \\frac\lb a\rb\lb b\rb} n`a
+d'inei stoiqeiojethm'eno t`o kl'asma ${a\over b}$.
+\bigskip 
+
+E>~inai shmantik`o n`a m`hn <up'arqoun ken`a diast'hmata st`on <orism`o
+pr`in t`hn pr'wth >arister`h >agk'ulh tou. >E`an <up'arqoun ken`a
+diast'hmata, t`o {\rm\TeX} j`a katal'abei t`on <orism`o diaforetik`a
+>ap'' <'o,ti perigr'ayame pi`o p'anw.  Gi`a periss'oterec >ap`o d'uo
+param'etrouc, <o tr'opoc <orismo~u n'ewn >akolouji~wn >el'egqou e>~inai
+par'omoioc.  Gi`a n`a <or'isoume m'ia n'ea l'exh >el'egqou m`e tre~ic
+param'etrouc, xekin~ame gr'afontac {\tt
+\\def\\newword\#1\#2\#3\lb$\ldots$\rb}.  Kat'opin, gr'afoume >ent`oc
+t~wn >agkul~wn to~u <orismo~u t`a {\tt \#1}, {\tt \#2} ka`i {\tt \#3}
+<'opwc >eme~ic >epijumo~ume.  Met`a t`on <orism'o, <'opou t`o {\rm \TeX}
+sunant~a {\tt \\newword\lb$\ldots$\rb\lb$\ldots$\rb\lb$\ldots$\rb},
+>antikajist~a t`o <ulik`o po`u <up'arqei metax`u k'aje ze'ugouc
+>agkul~wn st`ic >ant'istoiqec j'eseic {\tt \#1}, {\tt \#2} ka`i {\tt
+\#3} to~u <orismo~u.  Sunolik'a, <o >arijm`oc t~wn param'etrwn <en`oc
+<orismo~u mpore~i n`a fj'anei t`ic >enni'a ({\tt\#9}).
+
+\subsection{M`e <'ena >'allo >'onoma}  
+  
+Merik`ec for`ec e>~inai bolik`o n`a d'inoume s`e m'ia l'exh >el'egqou
+<'ena diaforetik`o >'onoma.  P.q., >e`an >'eqoume sunhj'isei st`hn
+bretanik`h >orjograf'ia t~wn >agglik~wn >ant`i t~hc >amerikanik~hc,
+>'iswc n`a protimo~ume n`a gr'afoume {\tt \\centreline} >ant`i gi`a {\tt
+\\centerline}.  A>ut`h <h >allag`h >onomas'iac mpore~i n`a g'inei
+e>'u\-kola m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\let}.  Gr'afontac loip`on
+{\tt \\let \\centreline = \\centerline}, <or'izoume m'ia n'ea l'exh
+>el'egqou <h <opo'ia mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoihje~i st`hn j'esh t~hc
+pali~ac (a>ut`o d`en shma'inei <'oti <h pali`a d`en mpore~i n`a
+qrhsimopoihje~i).  A>ut`h <h metonomas'ia l'exewn >el'egqou mpore~i n`a g'inei
+ka`i m`e majhmatik`a s'umbola, <'opwc p.q.\ <h metonomas'ia {\tt \\let
+\\tensor = \\otimes} m~ac >epitr'epei n`a gr'afoume:%
+\TeXref{206--207}
+\toindex{let}  
+\toindex{centreline}
+\toindex{tensor}
+
+\let\tensor=\otimes
+\beginuser
+\$\$ (A \\tensor B) (C \\tensor D) = AC \\tensor BD. \$\$
+\enduser
+
+\noindent gi`a n`a l'aboume
+
+$$ (A \tensor B) (C \tensor D) = AC \tensor BD. $$
+
+\exercise <Or'iste t`ic makroentol`ec {\tt \\ll}, {\tt \\cl} ka`i {\tt
+\\rl}, o<i <opo~iec n`a >isodunamo~un m`e t`ic {\tt \\leftline}, {\tt
+\\centerline} ka`i {\tt \\rightline}.
+
+M`e l'iga l'ogia, <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\let} >epitr'epei st`on
+qr'hsth to~u {\rm \TeX} n`a >onom'azei t`ic basik`ec >akolouj'iec
+>el'egqou <'opwc to~u >ar'esei ka`i to~u e>~inai bolik'o.  >'Etsi, <o
+qr'hsthc >'eqei t`ic dik'ec tou makroentol`ec po`u mpore~i n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsei st`hn j'esh a>ut~wn po`u prosf'erei t`o {\rm \TeX}.  
+
+
+\section{T`a l'ajh e>~inai >anjr'wpina}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai <'ena p'ara pol`u >'exupno pr'ogramma, >all`a
+>'oqi ka`i je"ik'o!  >'Etsi >e`an sunant'hsei k'apoio
+m'eroc to~u k'wdika gramm'eno kat`a tr'opo lanjasm'eno, j`a >apant'hsei
+m`e <'ena {\tengs m'hnuma sf'al\-matoc} st`hn >oj'onh to~u <upologist~h
+(>ef'' <'oson t`o {\rm \TeX} tr'eqei <wc >allhloepidr`on ka`i m~ac
+>epitr'epei n`a sunomilo~ume maz'i tou). T`o >'idio m'hnuma j`a
+kataqwrhje~i >ep'ishc ka`i st`o >ant'istoiqo >arqe~io {\tt .log}. 
+>Epeid`h t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai >arket`a pol'uploko pr'ogramma, t`o
+m'hnuma sf'almatoc po`u j`a d'wsei mpore~i n`a m`hn e>~inai e>'ukola
+katan'ohto gi`a t`on >arq'ario.  M'alista t`o {\rm \TeX} mpore~i n`a
+prospaj'hsei n`a diorj'wsei t`o sf'alma m'ono tou, d'inontac <'omwc
+pl'hrh >anafor`a gi`a t`o t'i >akrib~wc diorj'wseic >'ekane.  <Wst'oso
+ka`i t`a mhn'umata t~wn diorj'wsewn mpore~i n`a m`hn e>~i\-nai >idia'itera
+<apl'a. >Eke~ino po`u >'eqei shmas'ia gi`a n`a katano'hsoume <'ena
+m'hnuma sf'almatoc to~u {\rm\TeX}, e>~inai n`a katal'aboume poi'o
+m'eroc to~u mhn'umatoc e>~inai shmantik`o ka`i poi'o m'eroc to~u
+mhn'umatoc mporo~ume n`a >agno'hsoume qwr`ic kam'ia sun'epeia.  >`Ac
+do~ume merik`a tupik`a sf'al\-ma\-ta st`on k'wdika ka`i t`a >ant'istoiqa
+mhn'umata po`u m~ac d'inei t`o {\rm\TeX}.
+
+\subsection{T`o xeqasm'eno >ant'io}
+
+%%% poor man's carriage return symbol:
+\def\CarRet{$\gets$\hglue -1.25pt\raise 2.5pt\hbox{\vrule\vbox to 4.5pt{}}}
+
+T`o pr~wto sf'alma po`u j`a >exet'asoume e>~inai >eke~ino po`u <'oloi
+k'apoia stigm`h t`o k'anoun, dhlad`h t`hn par'aleiyh n`a  b'aloume t`o
+>apara'ithto {\tt\\bye} st`o t'eloc to~u k'wdik'a mac. >E`an
+tr'e\-qou\-me t`o {\rm \TeX} <wc >allhloepidr'on, st`hn >oj'on'h mac j`a
+>emfanisje~i <'enac >aster'iskoc\hfil\break
+\leftline{\tt *}
+ka`i met`a t'ipota periss'otero.  T`o {\rm \TeX} perim'enei n`a to~u
+d'wsoume ka`i >'allon k'wdika n`a >epe\-xer\-gasje~i >ap`o t`o
+plh\-ktro\-l'ogio.  <Otid'hpote plhktrolog'hsoume st`hn sun'eqeia j`a
+prosteje~i st`on >arqik`o k'wdika po`u pro'erqetai >ap`o t`a sqetik`a
+>arqe~ia mac.  Sun'hjwc a>ut`o po`u plh\-ktro\-lo\-go~u\-me e>~inai
+{\tt\\bye<CR>}\fnote{{\tt <CR>} e>~inai t`o pl~hktro po`u m~ac d'inei
+m'ia n'ea gramm`h st`on k'wdika.  >Apokale~itai {\rm Carriage Return},
+{\rm Enter} >`h {\rm Return}, >`h sumbol'izetai m`e <'ena meg'alo
+>arister`o >an'a\-stro\-fo b'eloc (s`an \CarRet$\,$).} >'etsi <'wste 
+t`o {\rm\TeX} n`a <oloklhr'wsei t`hn >epexergas'ia to~u k'wdika.
+  
+
+\subsection{<H lanjasm'enh >`h >'agnwsth l'exh >el'egqou}
+
+<'Ena >ak'oma suqn`o sf'alma e>~inai <h qr'hsh mi~ac lanjasm'ena   
+gramm'enhc >`h >'agnwsthc gi`a t`o {\rm \TeX} l'exhc >el'egqou.    
+>E`an t`o {\rm\TeX} tr'eqei <wc >adi'aleipto, <'otan
+sunant'hsei m'ia lanjasm'enh >`h >'agnwsth l'exh >el'egqou, j`a m~ac
+d'wsei <'ena m'hnuma sf'almatoc, j`a >agno'hsei t`hn sugkekrim'enh l'exh
+>el'egqou ka`i j`a suneq'isei st`hn >epexergas'ia to~u <up'oloipou
+k'wdika.  <'Otan <'omwc t`o {\rm \TeX} tr'eqei <wc >allhloepidr'on, m~ac
+d'inei t`hn dunat'othta n`a diorj'wsoume t'etoiou e>'idouc sf'almata
+kaj`wc tr'eqei (<'omwc prosoq'h: a>ut`ec o<i diorj'wseic po`u k'anoume
+<'otan t`o {\rm \TeX} tr'eqei d`en katagr'afontai ka`i st`o >arqe~io m`e
+t`on >arqik'o mac k'wdika; t`ic diorj'wseic st`o >arqe~io pr'epei n`a
+t`ic k'anoume kat'opin).  >`Ac <upoj'esoume <'oti >'eqoume <'ena
+>arqe~io k'wdika {\rm \TeX} po`u peri'eqei t`ic >ak'oloujec d'uo
+gramm'ec: 
+\beginuser 
+\\line\lb The left side \\hfli the right side\rb 
+\\bye
+\enduser
+
+Profan~wc >ant`i gi`a t`hn l'exh >'el'egqou {\tt \\hfli} j`a >'eprepe n`a
+e>'iqame gr'ayei {\tt \\hfil}.  <Or'iste t`o m'hnuma sf'almatoc po`u j`a
+do~ume st`hn >oj'onh:
+\beginuser
+\obeyspaces
+! Undefined control sequence.
+l.1 \\line\lb The left side \\hfli
+\                               the right side\rb
+?
+\enduser
+
+<H pr'wth gramm'h, po`u xekin~a m`e <'ena jaumastik`o ({\tt !}),
+d'inei m'ia mikr`h >ex'hghsh to~u probl'hmatoc.  Kat'opin,
+parousi'azetai <o >arijm`oc t~hc gramm~hc to~u >arqe'iou m`e t`on
+k'wdika <'opou br'isketai t`o sf'alma kaj`wc ka`i t`o m'eroc >eke~ino
+t~hc gramm~hc po`u t`o {\rm \TeX} mp'orese n`a >epexergasje~i.  St`hn
+<ep'omenh gramm`h to~u mhn'umatoc sf'almatoc d'inetai <h sun'eqeia t~hc
+gramm~hc to~u k'wdika met`a t`o shme~io <'opou t`o {\rm \TeX} sun'anthse
+t`o sf'alma.  St`o t'eloc to~u mhn'umatoc, t`o {\rm \TeX} m~ac
+parousi'azei <'ena >erwthmatik`o gi`a n`a m~ac pe~i <'oti perim'enei
+k'apoia >ap'okrish >ap`o m'erouc mac.
+
+O<i >epitrept`ec >apokr'iseic po`u mporo~ume n`a d'wsoume
+s''\NB{}a>ut`hn t`hn per'iptwsh (>all`a ka`i s`e k'aje per'iptwsh po`u
+t`o {\rm \TeX} stamat~a >exait'iac k'apoiou sf'almatoc) e>~inai
+o<i >ak'oloujec:
+
+\maketable [Dunat`ec >apokr'iseic s`e mhn'umata sf'almatoc to~u 
+{\lsecfont \TeX}]
+\halign{
+\strut # \hfil & \hfil \tt # \hfil & # \hfil\cr
+   \tengb Skop`oc & \tengb >Ap'okrish
+					& \tengb \hfil >Apot'elesma\cr
+   \noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+   bo'hjeia ({\rm help})
+                & h<CR>& >Exhge~itai leptomer~wc <o l'ogoc t~hc diakop~hc. \cr
+   parembol'h ({\rm insert}) 
+                & i<CR>& <H <ep'omenh gramm`h paremb'alletai st`on k'wdika.\cr 
+   >'exodoc ({\rm exit})
+                & x<CR>& >'Exodoc ka`i kle'isimo to~u >arqe'iou {\rm DVI}. \cr 
+   metak'ulish ({\rm scroll}) 
+                & s<CR>& T`o {\rm\TeX} st`o >ex~hc j`a d'inei mhn'umata sf'almatoc, \cr  
+                &      & qwr`ic n`a diak'optei s`e >as'hmanta sf'almata. \cr 
+   tr'eximo ({\rm run})
+                & r<CR>& T`o {\rm \TeX} st`o >ex~hc j`a d'inei mhn'umata sf'almatoc, \cr  
+                &      & qwr`ic <'omwc n`a diak'optei pot'e. \cr
+   siwp'h ({\rm quiet})      
+                & q<CR>& T`o {\rm \TeX} suneq'izei qwr`ic n`a d'inei kan'ena \cr 
+                &      & m'hnuma sf'almatoc. \cr
+   sun'eqeia ({\rm carry on})  
+                & <CR>  & T`o {\rm \TeX} suneq'izei <'oso kal'utera mpore~i. \cr
+      }
+
+St`o teleuta'io par'adeigma, m'ia logik`h >ap'okrish e>~inai {\tt
+h<CR>}, <'wste n`a l'aboume m'ia pi`o leptomer`h >ex'hghsh to~u
+sf'almatoc. Kat'opin plhktrologo~ume {\tt i<CR>} gi`a n`a >enj'esoume
+k'apoio ke'imeno, <op'ote t`o {\rm \TeX} >antapokr'inetai m`e t`hn
+pr'otash {\tt insert>}$\,$. T'eloc, gr'afoume t`hn swst`h l'exh >el'egqou
+{\tt \\hfil}. <Or'iste p~wc j`a bl'epame a>ut`o st`hn >oj'onh mac:
+
+\beginuser
+? h <CR>
+The control sequence at the end of the top line
+of your error message was never \\def'ed. If you have
+misspelled it (e.g., `\\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
+spelling (e.g., `I\\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
+and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
+
+? i <CR>
+insert>\\hfil
+[1]
+\enduser
+
+T`o {\tt [1]} po`u m~ac gr'afei t`o {\rm \TeX} shma'inei <'oti <h pr'wth
+(ka`i monadik'h) sel'ida >'eqei <olo\-klhrwje~i ka`i t`o >apot'elesma
+>'eqei katagrafe~i st`o >arqe~io {\rm DVI}\null.  Fusik'a, kat'opin
+pr'epei n`a diorj'wsoume t`o >arqik`o >arqe~io m`e t`on k'wdik'a mac,
+<'wste n`a m`hn m~ac parousiasje~i xan`a t`o >'idio sf'alma.
+
+\subsection{<H lanjasm'enh grammatoseir`a}
+
+T`o n`a gr'ayoume l'ajoc st`on k'wdik'a mac t`o >'onoma mi~ac
+grammatoseir~ac prokale~i pro\-bl'h\-ma\-ta <'omoia m`e >eke~ina po`u
+e>'idame parap'anw m`e t`ic lanjasm'enec l'exeic >el'egqou.  <'Omwc, t`o
+m'h\-nu\-ma sf'al\-matoc e>~inai diaforetik`o ka`i k'apwc pol'uploko gi`a
+<'enan >arq'ario.  >`Ac <upoj'esoume, p.q., <'oti st`on k'wdik'a mac
+peri'eqetai <h >ak'oloujh gramm'h:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+\leftline{\tt \\font\\sf = cmss01}
+
+\noindent
+T`o l'ajoc mac e>~inai st`o <'oti, >ant`i gi`a {\tt cmss01}, j`a
+>'eprepe n`a e>'iqame gr'ayei {\tt cmss10}.  <Or'iste t`o m'hnuma
+sf'almatoc ka`i <h bo'hjeia po`u m~ac d'inei t`o {\rm \TeX}:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+! Font \\sf=cmss01 not loadable: Metric (TFM) file not found.
+<to be read again>
+\                   \\par
+\\bye ->\\par
+\            \\vfill \\supereject \\end
+l.2 \\bye
+
+? h <CR>
+I wasn't able to read the size data for this font,
+so I will ignore the font specification.
+[Wizards can fix TFM files using TFtoPL/PLtoTF.]
+You might try inserting a different font spec;
+e.g., type `I\\font<same font id>=<substitute font name>'.
+\enduser
+
+T`o >arqe~io {\rm TFM} (<h >onomas'ia tou pro'erqetai >ap`o t`a >arqik`a
+t~wn l'exewn {\rm \TeX{} font metric}), e>~inai <'ena bohjhtik`o
+>arqe~io po`u qrhsimopoie~i t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  Kat`a sun'epeia, t`o
+per'iergo m'hnuma sf'almatoc po`u m~ac d'inei t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en
+shma'inei t'ipota >'allo >ap`o t`o <'oti <h grammatoseir`a {\tt cmss01}
+d`en <up'arqei st`o s'usthma to~u <upologist~h mac.
+
+\subsection{Majhmatik`a qwr`ic ta'iri}
+
+<'Ena >ak'oma pol`u koin`o sf'alma e>~inai t`o n`a qrhsimopoio~ume {\tt
+\$} >`h {\tt \$\$} gi`a n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume m'ia majhmatik`h
+>'ekfrash ka`i kat'opin n`a xeqno~ume n`a kle'isoume t`hn >'ekfrash
+a>ut`h m`e t`o >ant'istoiqo de'utero {\tt \$} >`h {\tt \$\$}.  T`o
+>apot'elesma a>uto~u to~u sf'almatoc e>~inai <'o,ti >akolouje~i t`a
+majhmatik`a n`a stoiqeiojete~itai >ep'ishc <wc m'ia majhmatik`h >'ekfrash;
+ka`i t`o qeir'otero e>~inai <'oti <'otan t`o {\rm \TeX} sunant'hsei t`hn
+>arq`h mi~ac n'eac majhmatik~hc >'ekfrashc, t'ote >ant`i n`a suneq'isei
+n`a m~ac d'inei majhmatik`a s'umbola, j`a >arq'isei n`a m~ac
+stoiqeiojete~i kanonik`o ke'imeno.  Beba'iwc, d`en qrei'azetai n`a
+>anaferjo~ume st`o pl~hjoc t~wn mhnum'atwn sf'almatoc po~u genn~a <'ena
+t'etoio sf'alma.  <'Opwc ka`i n`a >'eqei <h kat'astash to~u k'wdik'a mac,
+t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a prospaj'hsei n`a >epa\-nor\-j'w\-sei t`o l'ajoc
+paremb'allontac <'ena n'eo {\tt \$} >`h {\tt \$\$}.  >Epipl'eon, t`o
+pr'oblhma j`a stamat'hsei m`e t`o t'e\-loc t~hc paragr'afou; t`o {\rm
+\TeX} xekin~a a>utom'atwc t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia kanoniko~u keim'enou ---
+ka`i >'oqi majhmatik~wn >ekfr'asewn --- <'otan sunat'hsei n'ea par'agrafo.
+
+>`Ac koit'axoume t`on >ak'oloujo swst`o k'wdika ka`i t`o >apot'elesm'a
+tou:  
+\beginuser
+Since \$f(x) > 0\$, \$a<b\$,  and \$f(x)\$ is continuous, we know that
+\$\\int\_{}a\^{}b f(x)\\,dx >0\$.
+\enduser
+
+{\rm
+Since $f(x) > 0$, $a<b$,  and $f(x)$ is continuous, we know that
+$\int_a^b f(x)\,dx >0$.
+} % end \rm 
+
+>E`an parale'iyoume t`o de'utero s'umbolo to~u dolar'iou st`o {\tt
+\$f(x)\$}, t'ote t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a m~ac d'wsei t`a >ak'olouja mhn'umata
+sf'almatoc ka`i bo'hjeiac:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+! Missing \$ inserted.
+<inserted text>
+\               \$
+<to be read again>
+\                  \\intop
+\\int ->\\intop
+\             \\nolimits
+l.2 \$\\int
+\          \_{}a\^{}b f(x)\\,dx >0\$.
+? h <CR>
+I've inserted a begin-math/end-math symbol since I think
+you left one out. Proceed, with fingers crossed.
+
+?
+\enduser
+
+<H gramm`h po`u xekin~a m`e t`o jaumastik`o ({\tt !}\null) m~ac >exhge~i
+t'i >'eqei sumbe~i.  <H gramm`h po`u xekin~a m`e t`o {\tt l.2} m~ac
+de'iqnei t`hn gramm`h to~u k'wdik'a mac <'opou sk'ontaye t`o
+{\rm\TeX}\null.  <'Opwc ka`i st`ic >'allec peript'wseic sf'almatoc,
+>'etsi ka`i >ed~w t`o m'eroc t~hc gramm~hc to~u k'wdika po`u t`o {\rm
+\TeX} di'abase qwr`ic kan'ena pr'oblhma parousi'azetai st`hn >oj'onh s`e
+m'ia gramm`h (>'ewc t`o {\tt \\int}), ka`i st`hn <ep'omenh gramm`h
+>akolouje~i t`o <up'oloipo m'eroc t~hc gramm~hc met`a t`o problhmatik`o
+shme~io.  <'O,ti <'epetai kat'opin fa'inetai m'allon d'uskolo n`a
+>exhghje~i.  A>ut`a t`a >endi'amesa mhn'umata de'iqnoun t'i sun'epeiec
+e>~iqe t`o l'ajoc mac st`a >end'wtera to~u {\rm \TeX} (t`o {\rm \TeX}
+e>~inai k'apwc pol'uploko!). <O n'eoc qr'hsthc to~u {\rm \TeX} mpore~i
+n`a >agno'hsei t`a >endi'amesa mhn'umata sf'almatoc. 
+
+>E`an >epitr'eyoume st`o {\rm \TeX} n`a diorj'wsei m'ono tou t`o
+sf'alma mac, <or'iste t`o >apot'elesma:
+
+{ \rm
+Since $f(x) > 0$, $a<b$,  and $f(x) is continuous, we know that
+\int_a^b f(x)\,dx >0$.
+} % end \rm
+
+T`o ke'imen'o mac tent'wnetai ka`i stoiqeiojete~itai m`e pl'agiouc
+qarakt~hrec majhmatik~wn sumb'olwn qwr`ic >endi'amesa ken`a diast'hmata.
+A>ut`o sumba'inei <'otan kanonik`o ke'imeno stoiqeiojete~itai <wc m'ia
+majhmatik`h >'ekfrash. >E`an parathr'hsoume k'ati t'etoio st`o
+stoiqeiojethm'eno mac >'entupo, s'igoura k'apou xeq'asame k'apoio mon`o
+{\tt \$} >`h k'apoio dipl`o {\tt \$\$}.
+
+\subsection{>Agk'ulec qwr`ic ta'iri}
+
+E>~inai pol`u e>'ukolo  n`a xeq'asei kane`ic >`h n`a prosj'esei kat`a
+l'ajoc parap'anw >agk'ulec <'otan fti'aqnei s'unola.  T`o >apot'elesma
+mpore~i n`a e>~inai tele'iwc >an'wduno >'ewc katastrofik'o.  >`Ac
+<upoj'esoume, gi`a par'adeigma, <'oti j'eloume n`a >'eqoume <'enan
+t'itlo m`e >'entonouc t'upouc ka`i <'oti gr'afoume {\tt \lb\\bf A bold
+title} xeqn'wntac t`hn >apara'ithth dexi`a >agk'ulh.  T`o >apot'elesma
+j`a e>~inai <'olo t`o ke'imeno po`u >akolouje~i n`a stoiqeiojethje~i m`e
+>'entonouc t'upouc, >en~w st`o t'eloc t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a paraponeje~i
+<wc >ex~hc:
+
+{\tt (\\end occurred inside a group at level 1)}
+
+>E`an e>'iqame k'anei t`o >'idio sf'alma d'uo for'ec, dhl.\ >e`an
+e>iqame d'uo >arister`ec >agk'ulec qwr`ic t`ic >ant'istoiqec dexi'ec,
+t'ote t`o par'apono to~u {\rm \TeX} j`a >~htan t`o >ex~hc:
+
+{\tt (\\end occurred inside a group at level 2)}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} d`en mpore~i n`a katal'abei <'oti parale'ipontai m'ia >`h
+periss'oterec dexi`ec >agk'ulec pa\-r`a m'onon <'otan fj'asei st`o
+t'eloc to~u k'wdika qwr`ic n`a t`ic >'eqei sunant'hsei.  Sunep~wc, t`o
+m'hnuma sf'al\-matoc d`en m~ac l'eei po~u k'aname t`o l'ajoc.  >E`an <h
+j'esh <'opou j`a >'eprepe n`a e>'iqame j'esei t`hn dexi`a >agk'ulh d`en
+e>~inai ka`i t'oso faner'h, t'ote m'ia l'ush st`on >entopism`o to~u
+problhmatiko~u shme'iou e>~inai n`a gr'ayoume {\tt \\bye} st`hn m'esh
+to~u k'wdika.  >E`an tr'eqontac xan`a t`o {\rm\TeX} sunant'hsoume t`o
+>'idio sf'alma, t'ote t`o sf'alma mac br'isketai st`o pr~wto mis`o to~u
+k'wdika (>ef'' <'oson t`hn de'uterh for`a t`o {\rm\TeX} >epexerg'asjhke
+m'onon t`o pr~wto mis`o to~u k'wdika >'ewc t`o {\tt\\bye}). 
+Metakin'wntac t`o {\tt\\bye} s`e diaforetik`ec j'eseic to~u k'wdika,
+mporo~ume n`a >ento\-p'i\-sou\-me telik`a t`o >akrib`ec shme~io to~u
+sf'almatoc.  >Ep'ishc, m'ia mati`a st`o stoiqeiojethm'eno ke'imeno
+p'anta bohj~a st`on >entopism`o t'etoiwn sfalm'atwn ka`i poll~wn >'allwn
+paroram'atwn.
+
+O<i paraleip'omenec >arister`ec >agk'ulec e>~inai pi`o e>'ukolec st`on
+>entopism'o touc.  <Or'iste <'enac k'wdikac d'uo gramm~wn ka`i t`a
+sqetik`a mhn'umata sf'almatoc ka`i bo'hjeiac po`u d'inei t`o {\rm \TeX}: 
+
+\beginuser
+\\bf Here is the start\rb, but there is the finish.
+\\bye
+\enduser
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+! Too many \rb's.
+l.1 \\bf Here is the start\rb
+\                          , but there is the finish.
+
+? h <CR>
+You've closed more groups than you opened.
+Such booboos are generally harmless, so keep going.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+Beba'iwc, e>~inai pol`u pijan`o <h gramm`h to~u k'wdika <'opou j`a
+>'eprepe n`a e>'iqame j'esei t`hn >arister`h >agk'ulh n`a m`hn
+sump'iptei m`e t`hn gramm`h <'opou t`o {\rm \TeX} br~hke t`o sf'alma.
+
+<H par'aleiyh mi~ac >agk'ulhc st`on <orism`o mi~ac n'eac l'exhc
+>el'egqou mpore~i n`a dhmiourg'hsei sobar'wtata probl'hmata.  >Ef''
+<'oson <'enac t'etoioc <orism`oc mpore~i n`a perilamb'anei
+peris\-s'o\-te\-rec >ap`o m'ia paragr'afouc, e>~inai pijan`o t`o {\rm
+\TeX} n`a m`hn katal'abei t`o sf'alma ka`i n`a suneq'isei n`a
+susswre'uei <ulik`o >ap`o t`on k'wdik'a mac s`e <'enan <orism`o d'iqwc
+t'eloc.  A>ut`o mpore~i n`a pro\-ka\-l'esei >ak'oma ka`i <uperf'ortwsh
+t~hc mn'hmhc to~u <upologist~h.  A>ut`o st`hn >argk`o to~u {\rm \TeX}
+l'egetai {\tengs >aperi'oristoc <orism'oc} ({\rm runaway definion}).%
+\TeXref{206}
+<Or'iste <'ena par'adeigma <en`oc k'wdika pou peri'eqei <'enan t'etoio
+problhmatik`o <orism'o:
+
+\vbox{
+\beginuser
+\\def\\newword\lb the def
+\\newword
+\\bye
+\enduser
+}
+
+\noindent
+<Or'iste ka`i t`a sqetik`a mhn'umata sf'almatoc ka`i bo'hjeiac:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+Runaway definition?
+->the def
+! Forbidden control sequence found while scanning definition of \\newword.
+<inserted text>
+\                \rb
+<to be read again>
+\                   \\bye
+l.3 \\bye
+
+? h <CR>
+I suspect you have forgotten a `\rb', causing me
+to read past where you wanted me to stop.
+I'll try to recover; but if the error is serious,
+you'd better type `E' or `X' now and fix your file.
+
+? <CR>
+No pages of output.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+Profan~wc t`o sf'alma mac st`hn per'iptwsh a>ut`h e>~inai sobar'o.  >E`an
+sumbe~i st`hn >arq`h to~u k'wdika (<'opwc st`o parap'anw par'adeigma),
+t'ote t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en j`a m~ac d'wsei o>'ute m'ia sel'ida
+stoiqeiojethm'enou keim'enou!
+
+>E`an parale'iyoume m'ia dexi`a >agk'ulh kat`a t`hn qr'hsh m'iac
+makroentol~hc, t'ote <h problhmatik`h makroentol`h j`a stamat'hsei m`e t`o
+t'eloc t~hc paragr'afou.  Gi`a par'adeigma, >e`an >'eqou\-me <or'isei {\tt
+\\def\\newword\#1\lb$\ldots$\rb} ka`i kat'opin gr'ayoume st`on k'wdika 
+{\tt \\newword\lb$\dots$ } pa\-ra\-le'i\-pontac t`hn dexi`a >agk'ulh, t'ote
+st`hn qeir'oterh per'iptwsh j`a katastr'eyoume m'ia par'a\-grafo.%
+\TeXref{205}
+
+M`e l'iga l'ogia, <'otan >emfanisje~i <'ena sf'alma, kal`o e>~inai n`a
+shmei'wsoume t`on >arijm`o t~hc gramm~hc <'opou t`o {\rm \TeX}
+>ent'opise (>e`an >ent'opise) t`o sf'alma.  >Ep'ishc kal`o e>~inai n`a
+shmei'wsoume ka`i t`hn gramm`h po`u xekin~a m`e t`o jaumastik`o ka`i
+m~ac d'inei m'ia  s'untomh di'agnwsh to~u sf'almatoc.  >E`an t`o t'i
+>'eqei sumbe~i d`en m~ac e>~inai xek'ajaro, mporo~ume >ep'ishc n`a
+zht'hsoume >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} periss'oterec leptom'ereiec
+plhktrolog'wntac {\tt h<CR>}.  St`ic peript'wseic mikr~wn sfalm'atwn,
+t`o {\rm \TeX} mpore~i n`a bre~i k'apoia l'ush, <'otan >eme~ic
+>apokrijo~ume m'onon m`e {\tt <CR>}.
+
+                  
+\section{Sk'abontac l'igo baj'utera}
+
+St`o kef'alaio a>ut`o j`a >exet'asoume merik`a j'emata po`u m~ac
+>epitr'epoun n`a qrhsimopoio~ume t`o {\rm \TeX} m`e megal'uterh
+e>ukol'ia ka`i >apotelesmatik'othta.  Kaj`wc t`a >'entupa po`u j`a
+stoiqeiojeto~ume j`a g'inontai <'olo ka`i megal'utera ka`i
+poluplok'wtera, k'apoiec >'allec teqnik`ec j`a m~ac fano~un >exairetik`a
+qr'hsimec. 
+
+\subsection{Meg'ala ka`i mikr`a >arqe~ia}
+
+T`o {\rm \TeX} >'eqei t`hn dunat'othta n`a diab'azei >all`a ka`i n`a
+gr'afei >arqe~ia kaj`wc tr'eqei.  A>ut`h <h dunat'othta to~u {\rm \TeX}
+m~ac >epitr'epei n`a qrhsimopoio~ume mikr`a >arqe~ia t`a <opo~ia e>~inai
+pi`o e>'ukola st`hn qr'hsh touc. >'Etsi dhmiourgo~ume <'ena {\tengs
+k'urio >arqe~io\/} >`h {\tengs >arqe~io--korm`o\/} m'esw| to~u <opo'iou
+kalo~ume poll`a mikr'wtera >arqe~ia m`e t`hn seir`a po`u >eme~ic
+<or'izoume.  A>ut`o t`o ke'imeno, p.q., >apotele~itai >ap`o
+\ifwritinganswers
+   \def\next{d'wdeka}%
+\else
+   \def\next{<'endeka}%
+\fi
+\next\
+kef'alaia ka`i d'uo e>isagwg'ec.  >Epipl'eon, <up'arqoun ka`i k'apoioi
+<orismo`i ({\rm macro}) po`u qrhsimopoio~untai s`e <'ola t`a kef'alaia. 
+To`uc <orismo`uc mporo~ume n`a to`uc b'aloume s`e <'ena >arqe~io m`e
+t`hn >onomas'ia, p.q., {\tt macros.tex}; t`ic e>isagwg`ec mporo~ume n`a
+t`ic >'eqoume s`e d'uo >'alla kef'alaia, p.q., {\tt intro1.tex} ka`i
+{\tt intro2.tex}; ka`i t`o k'aje kef'alaio mporo~ume n`a  t`o >'eqoume
+s`e <'ena xeqwrist`o >arqe~io.  Gi`a n`a po~ume st`o {\rm \TeX} n`a
+diab'asei <'ena >arqe~io, qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt
+\\input}.  Genik'a, gr'afontac st`on k'wdik'a mac {\tt \\input
+filename}, d'inoume st`o {\rm \TeX} t`hn >entol`h n`a diab'asei ka`i n`a
+>epexergasje~i >am'eswc t`o >arqe~io m`e t`o >'onoma {\tt filename.tex}.
+T`o telik`o >apot'elesma j`a e>~inai <'ena <enia~io >'entupo, <'opwc j`a
+e>'iqame st`hn per'iptwsh po`u <o k'wdikac po`u peri'eqetai st`o
+>arqe~io {\tt filename.tex} >apotelo~use m'eroc to~u >arqe'iou po`u
+peri'eqei t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\input filename}.  T`o >arqe~io m`e t`hn
+>entol`h {\tt \\input...} mpore~i n`a kale~i ka`i >'alla >arqe~ia
+>ekt`oc to~u {\tt filename.tex}; ka`i >ak'oma t`o {\tt filename.tex}
+mpore~i ka`i a>ut`o m`e t`hn seir'a tou n`a kale~i >'alla >arqe~ia. 
+St`hn pi`o sunhjism'enh per'iptwsh <'omwc, fti'aqnoume <'ena ka`i m'ono
+>arqe~io--korm`o t`o <opo~io kale~i t`a di'afora >'alla >arqe~ia po`u
+peri'eqoun tm'hmata to~u keim'enou, <'opwc dhl.\ sumba'inei st`o
+parak'atw par'adeigma: \toindex{input}
+
+\beginuser
+\\input macros
+\\input intro1
+\\input intro2
+\\input sec1
+\\input sec2
+\\input sec3
+\\input sec4
+\\input sec5
+\\input sec6
+\\input sec7
+\\input sec8
+\\input sec9
+\\input sec10
+\\input sec11
+\ifwritinganswers
+   \def\next{\\input sec12}%
+\else
+   \def\next{\relax}%
+\fi
+\next
+\enduser
+
+<'Otan <h s'untaxh to~u keim'enou mac (t`o gr'ayimo to~u k'wdika
+dhlad'h) d`en e>~inai >ak'oma pl'hrhc, mporo~ume n`a >epexergasjo~ume
+m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} m'ono <'osa mikr`a >arqe~ia >'eqoume <oloklhr'wsei
+j'etontac t`o s'umbolo to~u sqol'iou >empr`oc >ap`o k'aje gramm`h to~u
+k'wdika po`u kale~i <'ena m`h <oloklhrwm'eno >arqe~io ({\rm commenting
+out}).
+
+<H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\input} m~ac >epitr'epei >ak'oma n`a
+qrhsimopoio~ume >arqe~ia po`u peri'eqoun prosqediasm'enouc <orismo'uc
+({\rm macro}).  Gi`a par'adeigma, mporo~ume n`a >'eqoume <'ena >arqe~io
+m`e t`hn >onomas'ia {\tt memo.tex} po`u n`a peri'eqei m'onon <orismo`uc
+gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <upomnhm'atwn ({\rm memorandum}).  A>uto`i o<i
+<orismo`i mpore~i n`a e>~inai o<i kajorismo`i t~wn diast'asewn {\tt
+\\hsize}, {\tt \\vsize} ka`i >'allwn paromo'iwn param'etrwn, >`h mpore~i
+n`a j'etoun a>ut'omata t`hn <'wra ka`i t`hn <hmeromhn'ia st`hn
+>epikefal'ida to~u <upomn'hmatoc.  >Ap`o t`hn stigm`h po`u >'eqoume
+<etoim'asei t`o >arqe~io {\tt memo.tex}, d`en qrei'azetai n`a
+>epanalamb'anoume to`uc <orismo`uc k'aje for`a po`u <etoim'azoume <'ena
+<up'omnhma; >arke~i ka`i m'ono n`a b'azoume t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\input
+memo} st`hn pr'wth gramm`h k'aje n'eou <upomn'hmatoc.
+
+<'Omwc prosoq'h: t`o k'aje >arqe~io po`u kalo~ume m`e {\tt\\input...}
+d`en j`a pr'epei n`a peri'eqei t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\bye}, giat`i
+t`o {\rm \TeX} j`a stamat'hsei t`hn >epexergas'ia tou s''\NB{}a>ut`o
+>akrib~wc t`o shme~io!
+
+\exercise Dhmiourg~hste <'ena >arqe~io {\rm \TeX} po`u n`a kale~i <'ena
+de'utero >arqe~io.  Dokim'aste n`a kal'este d'uo for`ec t`o de'utero
+>arqe~io, gr'afontac t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\input...} d'uo for`ec >ent`oc
+to~u pr'wtou.
+
+
+\subsection{Megal'utera pak'eta {\lsecfont macro}}
+
+Profan~wc, <h <etoimas'ia <orism~wn ({\rm macro}) po`u mporo~un n`a
+qrhsimopoihjo~un gi`a poll`ec morf`ec >ent'upwn e>~inai >exairetik`a
+qr'hsimh.  Gi`a par'adeigma, poll`a panepist'hmia >apaito~un o<i
+diatrib`ec t~wn spoudast~wn n`a >'eqoun m'ia sugkekrim'enh (ka`i suqn`a
+pol'uplokh) morf'h. <H s'untaxh m'iac {\tengs sullog~hc <orism~wn}, >`h
+>alli~wc <'enoc {\tengs pak'etou} {\sl macro}, po`u n`a <ikanopoie~i
+<'olouc to`uc kano\-ni\-smo`uc stoiqeiojes'iac <en`oc >ent'upou, e>~inai
+doulei`a >ep'iponh ka`i t`o >arqe~io (>`h t`a >arqe~ia) po`u j`a
+prok'uyoun mpore~i n`a >'eqei <uperbolik`a meg'alec diast'aseic. 
+Beba'iwc, <o kaj'enac mpore~i n`a qrhsimopoi'hsei <'ena t'etoio pak'eto
+m`e t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\input...}, <'opwc perigr'ayame pi`o p'anw. 
+<Wst'oso, t`o {\rm \TeX} >'eqei k'ati kal'utero gi`a meg'ala pak'eta
+{\rm macro}. 
+
+<'Ena pak'eto {\rm macro} mpore~i n`a sumpuknwje~i s`e m'ia e>idik`h
+morf`h po`u diab'azetai pol`u gr'hgora >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX\null}.  T`o
+sumpuknwm'eno >arqe~io >onom'azetai {\tengs >arqe~io morf~hc} (st`hn
+gl'wssa to~u {\rm \TeX}, {\rm format file}). (T`o p~wc >akrib~wc e>~inai
+a>ut`o t`o >arqe~io, >'eqei m'allon m'onon teqnik`o >endiaf'eron ka`i
+gi'' a>ut`o d`en j`a m~ac >apasqol'hsei periss'otero.) T`o
+>arqe~io morf~hc m~ac >epitr'epei n`a tr'eqoume t`o {\rm \TeX} >'eqontac
+prokajor'isei poll`ec n'eec >akolouj'iec >el'egqou.  D`en j`a pr'epei
+<wst'oso n`a xeqno~ume <'oti <orism'enec >akolouj'iec >el'egqou
+>apotelo~un m'eroc t~hc kardi~ac to~u {\rm \TeX} ka`i gi`a t`on l'ogo
+a>ut`o >apokalo~untai {\tengs prwt'ogonec} ({\rm primitive}).
+
+<'O,ti perigr'ayame s`e <eto~uto t`o >egqeir'idio suqn`a >apokale~itai
+{\rm plain \TeX} (<apl`o {\rm \TeX}), ka`i perilamb'anei prwt'ogonec
+>entol`ec kaj`wc ka`i <'ena pak'eto {\rm macro} s`e <'ena >arqe~io
+morf~hc po`u <onom'azetai {\tt plain.fmt}.  Sun'hjwc, t`o >arqe~io {\tt
+plain.fmt} kale~itai a>ut'omata >ap`o t`o {\rm \TeX} k'aje for`a po`u
+t`o tr'eqoume.  
+
+Gi`a to`uc per'iergouc, <up'arqei <h l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\show} po`u
+d'inei t`o p~wc >akrib~wc <or'izetai m'ia >akolouj'ia >el'egqou.  P.q.,
+<h >entol`h {\tt \\show\\centerline} j`a m~ac d'wsei st`hn >oj'onh ka`i
+j`a katagr'ayei st`o sqetik`o >arqe~io {\tt .log} t`a >ak'olouja:
+
+\beginliteral
+> \centerline=macro:
+#1->\line {\hss #1\hss }.
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent 
+Mporo~ume >ak'oma n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`hn >entol`h {\tt \\show...}
+gi`a n`a >exet'asoume ka`i diko'uc mac <orismo'uc.  >Epipl'eon, <'otan
+qrhsimopoio~ume poll`a pak'eta {\rm macro}, mporo~ume m`e t`hn >entol`h
+{\tt \\show...} n`a >el'eg\-xoume >e`an k'apoio sugkekrim'eno {\rm
+macro} >'eqei <orisje~i >`h >'oqi.
+
+Sun'hjwc maz`i m`e k'aje >egkat'astash to~u {\rm\TeX} d'inetai ka`i t`o
+pak'eto {\rm macro \LaTeX\null}.  A>ut`o t`o pak'eto m~ac >epitr'epei
+n`a dhmiourgo~ume m`e e>ukol'ia (sqed`on a>ut'omata) e<uret'hria,
+p'inakec perieqom'enwn ka`i bibliografiko`uc katal'ogouc.  M~ac par'eqei
+>ep'ishc t`hn dunat'othta n`a paremb'aloume st`o >'entup'o mac <apl`ec
+grafik`ec parast'aseic <'opwc k'uklouc, >elle'iyeic, e>uje~iec ka`i
+b'elh.  T`o {\rm\LaTeX} >ak'oma qrhsimopoie~i e>idik`a prokajorism'ena
+{\tengs >arqe~ia t'axhc\/} ({\rm class files}) ka`i {\tengs >arqe~ia
+<'ufouc\/} ({\rm style files}) gi`a n`a d'wsei sugkekrim'enh <'ufoc
+(morf'h) st`ic sel'idec to~u >ent'upou >an'alogac m`e t`hn qr'hsh tou
+(p.q., bibl'io, >episthmonik`o >'arjro, >'ekjesh, k.>'a.)  >Arqe~ia
+t'axhc ka`i <'ufouc <up'arqoun p'ara poll'a.  >Epipl'eon, poll`a
+>episthmonik`a periodik`a d'eqontai >'arjra pr`oc dhmos'ieush <'opwc t`a
+>'eqei <etoim'asei <o suggraf'eac touc s`e m'ia disk'eta, >ef'' <'oson
+e>~inai gramm'ena s'umfwna m`e t`o {\rm\LaTeX} ka`i s`e sunduasm`o m`e
+k'apoio sugkekrim'eno >arqe~io <'ufouc.  Mi~ac ka`i >'eqoume >'hdh
+m'ajei >arket`a gi`a t`o {\rm\TeX}, t`o n`a per'asoume st`hn qr'hsh to~u
+{\rm\LaTeX} d`en e>~inai kaj'olou d'uskolo.  Gi`a to`uc
+>endiafer'omenouc <up'arqei <o <odhg`oc to~u {\rm \LaTeX} gramm'enoc
+>ap`o t`on {\rm Leslie Lamport}, t`on sqediast`h a>uto~u to~u pak'etou:
+{\sl \LaTeX: A document preparation system} ({\rm 2nd
+edition})\fnote{\rm Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1994, ISBN
+0-201-52983-1.}.  >Ep'ishc, <o >Ap'ostoloc Sur'opouloc to~u
+Dhmokr'iteiou Panepisthm'iou Jr'akhc >'eqei gr'ayei t`o pr~wto
+<ellhnik`o >egqeir'idio gi`a t`o {\rm\LaTeX}\fnote{(({\sl\LaTeX})),
+>Ekd'oseic Parathrht'hc, Jessalon'ikh 1998, {\rm ISBN} 960-260-990-7.}.
+
+<H >Amerikanik`h Majhmatik`h <Etaire'ia ({\rm American Mathematical
+Society}) qrhsimopoie~i t`o pak'eto {\rm macro \AMSTeX}  gi`a t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia t~wn periodik~wn po`u >ekd'idei.  T`o >egqeir'idio
+a>uto~u to~u pak'etou, gramm'eno >ap`o t`on {\rm Michael Spivak} m`e
+t'itlo: {\sl The Joy of \TeX}\fnote{\rm American Mathematical
+Society, 1986, ISBN 0-8218-2999-8.}, diat'ijetai >ap`o t`hn
+>Amerikanik`h Majhmatik`h <Etaire'ia. 
+
+>Ekt`oc >ap`o t`a parap'anw pak'eta {\rm macro}, <up'arqoun ka`i poll`a
+>'alla.  Sun'hjwc diat'ijentai >ap`o to`uc sqediast'ec touc dwre`an >`h
+s`e pol`u qamhl`h tim'h, ka`i s`e poll`ec peript'wseic
+>apodei\-kn'u\-ontai >exairetik`a qr'hsima (p.q., gi`a n`a
+stoiqeiojet'hsoume n'otec s`e pent'agrammo, n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume s`e
+gl~wssec p'era >ap`o t`hn >Agglik'h, k.lp.).  <O >organism`oc {\rm \TeX{}
+Users Group} >anakoin'wnei suqn`a st`a periodik`a po`u >ekd'idei t`hn
+parous'ia n'ewn pak'etwn {\rm macro}.
+
+\subsection{<Oriz'ontiec ka`i katak'orufec gramm`ec}
+
+T`o n`a j'esoume <oriz'ontiec ka`i katak'orufec e>uje~iec gramm`ec st`o
+>'entupo po`u stoiqeiojeto~ume e>~inai >exairetik`a e>'ukolo m`e t`o
+{\rm \TeX\null}. <'Otan, k'ajwc gr'afoume st`on k'wdik'a mac <apl`o
+ke'imeno, paremb'aloume t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\hrule}, t`o
+>apot'elesma j`a e>~inai t`o {\rm\TeX} n`a diak'oyei t`hn par'agrafo s`e
+>eke~ino >akrib~wc t`o shme~io, n`a j'esei m'ia <oriz'ontia e>uje'ia
+gramm`h m'hkouc >'isou m`e t`hn tr'eqousa tim`h to~u {\tt \\hsize}, ka`i
+kat'opin n`a suneq'isei st`hn stoiqeiojese'ia m'iac n'eac >ar'adac. 
+E>~inai dunat`o >eme~ic n`a kajor'isoume t`o m~hkoc t~hc <oriz'ontiac
+e>uje'iac, p.q., st`a $5\,\rm cm$, gr'afontac {\tt \\hrule width 5 cm}.
+>Ep'ishc m`e t`ic >entol`ec {\tt \\vskip} >`h {\tt \\bigskip}, mporo~ume
+n`a j'esoume k'apoio ken`o di'asthma >ep'anw >`h k'atw >ap`o t`hn
+<oriz'ontia e>uje'ia.  <Or'iste <'ena par'adeigma: 
+
+\beginuser
+\\parindent = 0 pt \\parskip = 12 pt
+Here is the text before the hrule.
+\\bigskip
+\\hrule width 3 in
+And here is some text after the hrule.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent po`u m~ac d'inei
+
+{\rm
+\parindent = 0 pt
+Here is the text before the hrule.
+\bigskip
+\hrule width 3 in 
+And here is some text after the hrule.
+}
+
+St`hn pragmatik'othta a>ut`h <h <oriz'ontia e>uje'ia >'oqi m'onon >'eqei
+m~hkoc tre~ic >'intsec, >all`a >ex <orismo~u >'eqei <'uyoc 0,4
+stigm`ec (t'oso >ekte'inetai >ep'anw >ap`o t`hn basik`h gramm`h <'opou
+stoiqeiojete~itai) ka`i b'ajoc 0 stigm'ec (t'oso >ekte'inetai k'atw
+>ap`o t`hn basik'h gramm`h <'opou stoiqeiojete~itai).  Mporo~ume n`a
+metab'aloume <opoiad'hpote >ap`o t`ic param'etrouc m~hkoc, <'uyoc >`h
+b'ajoc.  >'Etsi mporo~ume n`a metab'aloume t`o prohgo'umeno par'adeigma
+<wc >ex~hc:
+
+{\tt \\hrule width 3 in height 2 pt depth 3 pt }
+
+\noindent gi`a n`a l'aboume
+
+{\rm
+\parindent = 0 pt
+Here is the text before the hrule.
+\bigskip
+\hrule width 3 in height 2 pt depth 3 pt
+And here is some text after the hrule.
+}
+
+\noindent
+T`ic tre~ic param'etrouc {\tt width}, {\tt height} ka`i {\tt depth}
+mporo~ume n`a t`ic <or'isoume m`e <opoia\-d'h\-pote seir'a.%
+\toindex{hrule}
+\TeXref{221--222}
+
+>Anal'ogwc, mporo~ume n`a >enj'esoume m'ia katak'orufh e>uje'ia gramm`h
+kajor'izontac --- >e`an kr'inoume >apara'ithto --- t`a >ant'istoiqa {\tt
+width}, {\tt height} ka`i {\tt depth}.%
+\TeXref{221--222}
+<'Omwc, s`e >ant'ijesh m`e t`ic <oriz'ontiec e>uje~iec, m'ia katak'orufh
+e>uje'ia d`en sunep'agetai t`hn >'enarxh n'eac >ar'adac.  >Ex <orismo~u
+t`o pl'atoc thc j`a e>~inai 0,4 stigm`ec ka`i t`o <'uyoc thc <'oso t`o
+<'uyoc t~hc >ar'adac <'opou paremb'alletai.  Sunep~wc <o k'wdikac
+\toindex{vrule}
+
+\beginuser
+Here is some text before the vrule
+\\vrule\\
+and this follows the vrule.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent j`a m~ac d'wsei
+
+{\rm 
+Here is some text before the vrule
+\vrule\
+and this follows the vrule.
+} % end \rm
+
+\exercise Sqedi'aste m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} tre~ic <oriz'ontiec e>uje~iec
+gramm`ec po`u n`a >ap'eqoun 15 stigm`ec <h m'ia >ap`o t`hn >'allh, n`a
+>'eqoun m~hkoc 3 >'intsec ka`i n`a br'iskontai m'ia >'intsa pi`o m'esa
+(pi`o dexi'a) >ap`o t`o >arister`o perij'wrio.
+                     
+O<i <oriz'ontiec ka`i katak'orufec e>uje~iec mpore~i n`a >'eqoun pol`u
+periss'oterec qr'hseic >ap`o <'osec martur~a <h >onomas'ia touc.
+Gi`a par'adeigma, <o k'wdikac
+
+\beginuser
+\\noindent
+Name:\ \\vrule height 0 pt depth 0.4 pt width 3 in
+\enduser
+
+\noindent j`a m~ac d'wsei
+
+\noindent
+{\rm
+Name: \vrule height 0 pt depth 0.4 pt width 3 in
+} % end \rm
+
+\exercise Sqedi'aste m`e t`o {\rm \TeX} t`o >ak'oloujo tetr'agwno (k'aje
+br'ogqoc to~u tetra\-g'w\-nou >'eqei >embad`o $1\,\rm cm^2$):
+\medskip
+\settabs \+ \hskip 1cm&\hskip 1 cm&\hskip 1 cm& \cr
+\moveright 2 in
+\vbox{
+\hrule width 3 cm
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr
+\hrule width 3 cm
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr
+\hrule width 3 cm
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr
+\hrule width 3 cm
+}
+
+\subsection{Pla'isia >ent`oc plais'iwn}
+
+E>'idame >'hdh st`hn suz'hths'h mac gi`a t`hn di'ataxh t~wn >ar'adwn
+(kef'alaio\NB{}3) <'oti t`a pla'isia {\rm vbox} ka`i {\rm hbox} mpore~i
+n`a m~ac parousi'asoun probl'hmata {\rm underfull} kai {\rm overfull},
+dhl.\ e>'ite n`a e>~inai miso'adeia m`e <uperbolik`a meg'ala ken`a
+diast'hmata e>'ite n`a xeqeil'izoun p'era >ap`o t`a <'ori'a touc.
+S`e <eto'uth t`hn par'agrafo j`a >exet'asoume a>ut`a t`a <oriz'ontia
+>`h katak'orufa pla'isia pi`o le\-pto\-mer~wc.  Genik'a, >`ac po~ume
+<'oti m`e t`a pla'isia {\rm vbox} ka`i {\rm hbox} e>~inai dunat`o n`a
+stoiqeiojethje~i m'ia sel'ida m`e ke'imeno s`e di'aforouc sunduasmo`uc
+sq'hmatoc ka`i j'eshc.
+
+<'Ena <oriz'ontio pla'isio dhmiourge~itai m`e t`hn >entol'h: {\tt
+\\hbox\lb $\ldots$\rb}\null.  T`o <ulik'o (ke'imeno) po`u peri'eqetai
+metax`u t~wn >agkul~wn to~u {\rm hbox} jewre~itai <wc m'ia mon'ada ka`i
+d`en mpore~i n`a dia\-spa\-sje~i.  A>ut`o shma'inei p`wc <'otan j'eloume
+k'ati n`a mpe~i s`e m'ia xeqwrist`h >ar'ada, mporo~ume n`a t`o j'esoume
+>ent`oc <en`oc {\rm hbox} ka`i j`a parame'inei <enia~io.  E>~inai
+dunat`o n`a kajor'isoume t`o m'egejoc <en`oc <orizont'iou
+plais'iou.\TeXref{64--66}  >'Etsi m`e t`on k'wdika {\tt \\hbox to 5
+cm\lb contents of the box\rb}, j`a l'aboume stoiqeiojethm'enh t`hn
+fr'ash (({\rm contents of the box})) >ent`oc <en`oc  plais'iou <oliko~u
+m'hkouc $5\,\rm cm$.  <'Omwc, m`e t`on tr'opo a>ut'o, e>~inai pol`u
+pijan`o t`o {\rm \TeX} n`a paraponeje~i gi`a {\rm underfull} >`h {\rm
+overfull}.  M'ia <apl`h l'ush gi`a n`a xeper'asoume <'ena pr'oblhma {\rm
+underfull} e>~inai n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume {\tt\\hfil} po`u j`a
+>aporrof'hsei t`o pleon'azon ken`o di'asthma.  <'Otan d`en kajor'izoume
+t`ic diast'aseic to~u {\rm hbox}, t'ote t`o {\rm\TeX} fti'aqnei <'ena
+<oriz'ontio pla'isio t'etoiou m'hkouc po`u n`a qwr'aei m'olic t`o
+ke'imeno po`u <up'arqei >ent`oc to~u plais'iou. \toindex{hbox}   
+
+Par'omoia, mporo~ume n`a fti'axoume katak'orufa pla'isia ({\rm vbox})
+qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn >entol'h: {\tt \\vbox\lb $\ldots$\rb}.  T`o
+>endiaf'eron <'omwc t~wn katakor'ufwn plais'iwn br'isketai st`o <'oti
+<'otan <'ena {\rm vbox} peri'eqei periss'otera >ap`o <'ena {\rm hbox},
+t'ote t`a {\rm hbox} topojeto~untai <'ena >ep'anw st`o >'allo. 
+>Anal'ogwc, <'otan <'ena {\rm hbox} peri'eqei periss'otera >ap`o <'ena
+{\rm vbox}, t'ote t`a {\rm vbox} topojeto~untai t`o <'ena pl'ai st`o
+>'allo.  >`Ac <upoj'esoume <'oti >'eqoume j'esei tr'ia {\rm hbox} >ent`oc
+<en`oc {\rm vbox}
+\toindex{vbox}
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+\\vbox\lb
+\      \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 1\rb
+\      \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 2\rb
+\      \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 3\rb
+\      \rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent T`o >apot'elesma e>~inai
+\vskip \baselineskip
+\vbox{ \rm
+      \hbox{Contents of box 1}
+      \hbox{Contents of box 2}
+      \hbox{Contents of box 3}
+      }
+
+Kat'opin >`ac <upoj'esoume <'oti >'eqoume <'ena >'allo {\rm vbox}:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+\\vbox\lb
+\      \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 4\rb
+\      \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 5\rb
+\      \rb
+\enduser
+
+A>ut`a t`a d'uo {\rm vbox} mporo~un n`a topojethjo~un s`e <'ena {\rm
+hbox}.  T`o >apot'elesma j`a e>~inai t`a d'uo {\rm vbox} n`a mpo~un t`o
+<'ena d'ipla st`o >'allo.  Dhlad`h <o k'wdikac
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+\\hbox\lb
+\     \\vbox\lb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 1\rb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 2\rb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 3\rb
+\           \rb
+\     \\vbox\lb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 4\rb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 5\rb
+\           \rb
+\     \rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+d'inei
+\vskip \baselineskip
+\hbox{
+     \vbox{\rm 
+           \hbox{Contents of box 1}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 2}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 3}
+           }
+     \vbox{\rm 
+           \hbox{Contents of box 4}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 5}
+          }
+     }
+
+>Ax'izei n`a parathr'hsoume <'oti t`a d'uo {\rm vbox} topojeto~untai
+>'etsi <'wste t`o k'atw m'eroc touc n`a br'isketai st`hn >'idia
+e>uje'ia.  >Epipl'eon, st`hn >arq`h k'aje >ar'adac, <'opwc >ep'ishc ka`i
+metax`u t~wn {\rm vbox}, <up'arqei <'ena mikr`o ken`o di'asthma.  <H
+a>it'ia po`u prokale~i t`hn >emf'anish a>ut~wn t~wn ken~wn d`en e>~inai
+profan'hc. T`o ken`o di'asthma metax`u t~wn d'uo {\rm
+vbox} pro'erqetai >ap`o t`o ken`o di'asthma >`h t`on qarakt'hra {\tt
+<CR>} (po`u <up'arqoun >all`a d`en fa'inontai) met`a t`hn dexi`a
+>agk'ulh ({\tt \rb}) po`u kle'inei t`o pr~wto {\tt \\vbox} st`on
+k'wdika.  Paromo'iwc, t`o mikr`o ken`o di'asthma st`hn >arq`h k'aje
+>ar'adac to~u pr'wtou {\rm vbox}, pro'erqetai >ap`o k'apoio ken`o
+di'asthma >`h {\tt <CR>} >am'eswc met`a t`hn pr'wth >arister`h >agk'ulh
+to~u {\tt \\hbox} po`u peri'eqei t`a d'uo {\tt \\vbox}.  <H parous'ia
+a>ut~wn t~wn ken~wn mpore~i >'allote n`a m~ac e>~inai qr'hsimh --- p.q.,
+>e`an j'eloume n`a m`hn koll'aei t`o <'ena {\rm vbox} >ep'anw st`o
+>'allo --- ka`i >'allote >epiz'hmia --- p.q., n`a m~ac prokale~i
+<uperbolik`h >ara'iwsh t~wn {\rm vbox}.  >E`an j'eloume n`a m`hn
+<up'arqoun t'etoiou e>'idouc ken`a diast'hmata, j`a pr'epei >am'eswc
+met`a >ap`o k'aje >agk'ulh po`u >emfan'izetai m'onh thc st`o dexi`o
+>'akro mi~ac gramm~hc to~u k'wdika, n`a gr'afoume t`on qarakt'hra to~u
+sqol'iou {\tt \%} ({\rm commenting out}).  Mporo~ume loip`on n`a
+>all'axoume t`on parap'anw k'wdika j'etontac {\tt \%} met`a t`hn pr'wth
+>arister`h >agk'ulh to~u {\tt \\hbox} ka`i met`a t`hn dexi`a >agk'ulh
+po`u kle'inei t`o pr~wto {\tt \\vbox}:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+\\hbox\lb\%
+\     \\vbox\lb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 1\rb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 2\rb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 3\rb
+\           \rb\%
+\     \\vbox\lb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 4\rb
+\           \\hbox\lb{}Contents of box 5\rb
+\           \rb
+\     \rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+T`o >apot'elesma j`a e>~inai n`a m`hn <up'arqoun ken`a diast'hmata st`hn
+>arq`h k'aje >ar'adac to~u pr'wtou {\rm vbox}, ka`i t`a d'uo {\rm vbox}
+n`a koll'hsoun t`o <'ena pl'ai st`o >'allo:
+\vskip \baselineskip
+\hbox{\rm%
+     \vbox{
+           \hbox{Contents of box 1}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 2}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 3}
+           }%
+     \vbox{
+           \hbox{Contents of box 4}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 5}
+          }
+     }
+
+Mporo~ume n`a j'esoume parap'anw ken`o di'asthma, p.q., $1\,\rm cm$,
+metax`u t~wn {\rm vbox} gr'afontac {\tt \\hskip 1 cm} >an'amesa st`a
+{\tt \\vbox\lb...\rb} to~u k'wdika.  >Ak'oma, mporo~ume n`a
+e>ujugramm'isoume t`a {\rm vbox} <wc pr`oc t`hn koruf'h touc
+qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt \\vtop} >ant`i t~hc {\tt
+\\vbox}.  <Or'iste t`o >apot'elesma a>ut~wn t~wn >allag~wn:
+
+\toindex{vtop}
+\vskip \baselineskip
+\hbox{
+\rm  \vtop{
+           \hbox{Contents of box 1}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 2}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 3}
+           }
+     \hskip 1 cm
+     \vtop{
+           \hbox{Contents of box 4}
+           \hbox{Contents of box 5}
+          }
+     }
+
+M`e kat'allhlo sunduasm`o {\rm vbox}, {\rm hbox}, katak'orufwn ka`i
+<orizont'iwn e>ujei~wn, mporo~ume n`a perikle'isoume <'ena m'eroc to~u
+keim'enou mac m`e <orat`o pla'isio.  P~wc mporo~ume n`a pet'uqoume
+a>ut`o >akrib~wc?  <'Enac tr'opoc e>~inai n`a j'esoume t`o ke'imeno
+>ent`oc <en`oc {\rm hbox} t`o <opo~io >'eqei st`hn >arq`h ka`i st`o
+t'eloc tou (dhl.\ st`a >arister`a ka`i st`a dexi'a tou) m'ia mikr`h
+katak'orufh e>uje'ia ({\tt \\vrule}).  Kat'opin, j'etoume t`o {\rm hbox}
+>ent`oc <en`oc {\rm vbox} po`u kal'uptetai >ap`o >ep'anw ka`i k'atw m`e
+d'uo <oriz'ontiec e>uje~iec ({\tt \\hrule}).  <Or'iste <o sqetik`oc
+k'wdikac:
+
+\beginuser \obeyspaces
+\\vbox\lb
+\      \\hrule
+\      \\hbox\lb\\vrule{} The text to be boxed \\vrule\rb
+\      \\hrule
+\     \rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent ka`i t`o >apot'elesma:
+\vskip \baselineskip
+\vbox{
+      \hrule
+      \hbox{\vrule\rm The text to be boxed \vrule}
+      \hrule
+     }
+
+>'Etsi pr'agmati lamb'anoume ke'imeno perigegramm'eno >ap`o <'ena
+parallhl'ogrammo, >all`a t`o a>isjhtik`o >apot'elesma d`en e>~inai ka`i
+>idia'itera <ikanopoihtik'o; t`o ke'imen'o mac fa'inetai <uperbolik`a
+strimwgm'eno!  (<'Omwc, d`en fta'iei t`o {\rm \TeX}; m~ac >'edwse
+>akrib~wc <'o,ti to~u zht'hsame!)  Mporo~ume n`a belti'wsoume t`o
+parap'anw par'adeigma j'etontac <'ena {\tt \\strut} st`hn >arq`h to~u
+{\rm hbox}, >'etsi <'wste t`o {\rm hbox} n`a g'inei l'igo yhl'otero ka`i
+makr'utero.  Dhlad'h:
+\vskip \baselineskip
+\vbox{
+      \hrule
+      \hbox{\strut \vrule{} \rm The text to be boxed \vrule}
+      \hrule
+     }
+
+\def\boxtext#1{%
+\vbox{%
+      \hrule
+      \hbox{\strut \vrule{} \rm #1 \vrule}%
+      \hrule
+     }%
+}
+
+\exercise Giat'i pr'epei n`a b'aloume >epipl'eon ken`o di'asthma p'anw
+ka`i k'atw >ap`o t`o ke'imeno ka`i >'oqi dexi`a ka`i >arister'a tou?
+
+\exercise Qrhsimopoi~hste t`hn parap'anw m'ejodo gi`a n`a j'esete m'ia
+kentrarism'enh >ar'ada >ent`oc <en`oc parallhlogr'ammou m`e per'imetro
+po`u j`a >ekte'inetai >ap`o t`o >arister`o >'ewc t`o dexi`o perij'wrio.
+
+\exercise J'etontac >enn'ea mikr`a parallhl'ogramma t`o <'ena >ep'anw
+st`o >'allo, >`h t`o <'ena d'ipla st`o >'allo, kataskeu'aste t`o
+<ep'omeno magik`o tetr'agwno:
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+\moveright 2 in \vbox{\offinterlineskip
+\hbox{\boxtext 6\boxtext 1\boxtext 8}
+\hbox{\boxtext 7\boxtext 5\boxtext 3}
+\hbox{\boxtext 2\boxtext 9\boxtext 4}
+}
+
+\exercise Parathr~hste <'oti o<i >eswterik`ec e>uje~iec to~u parap'anw
+magiko~u tetrag'wnou >'eqoun dipl'asio p'aqoc >ap`o t`ic >exwterik'ec.
+>'Iswc >ep'ishc n`a <up'arqei ka`i <'ena mikr`o ken`o di'a\-sthma >eke~i
+po`u dia\-stau\-r'wnontai o<i >eswterik`ec e>uje~iec.  Diorj~wste a>ut`a
+t`a probl'hmata to~u magiko~u te\-tra\-g'wnou.
+
+\def\boxtext#1 {%
+\vbox{%
+      \hrule
+      \hbox{\strut \vrule #1\vrule}%
+      \hrule
+     }
+}
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste <'ena {\rm macro} m`e t`o >'onoma { \tt
+\\boxtext\#1\lb$\ldots$\rb}, t`o <opo~io j`a j'etei a>utom'a\-twc t`o
+ke'imeno po`u perikle'ietai >ap`o t`ic >agk'ulec >ent`oc <en`oc
+paral\-lhlogr'am\-mou.  Do\-ki\-m'a\-ste t`hn >efarmog`h a>uto~u to~u
+{\rm macro} m`e m'ia pr'otas'h sac st`hn <opo~ia k'aje de'uterh l'exh
+j`a e>~inai >ent`oc <en`oc mikro~u <orato~u plais'iou.  Beba'iwc
+\boxtext d`en 
+e>~imai 
+\boxtext ka`i 
+t'oso 
+\boxtext s'igouroc 
+<'oti 
+\boxtext t`o
+a>isjhtik`o 
+\boxtext >apot'elesma 
+j`a 
+\boxtext s~ac 
+>enjousi'asei.
+Parathr~hste p~wc e>ujugramm'izontai <orizont'iwc a>ut`a t`a pla'isia
+>ep'anw st`hn gramm`h b'ashc t~hc >ar'adac.
+
+\def\boxtext#1 {%
+\lower 3.5pt \hbox{%
+    \vbox{%
+         \hrule
+         \hbox{\strut \vrule #1\vrule}%
+         \hrule   
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+<H metak'inhsh plais'iwn {\rm hbox} >`h {\rm vbox} pr`oc t`a p'anw,
+k'atw, >arister`a >`h dexi`a >ep`i t~hc sel'idac to~u >ent'upou, mpore~i
+n`a g'inei pol`u e>'ukola.  Gi`a par'adeigma, >e`an j'eloume n`a
+meta\-kin'h\-soume <'ena {\rm vbox} m'ia >'intsa pr`oc t`a dexi'a,
+>arke~i n`a gr'ayoume st`on k'wdika {\tt \\moveright 1 in
+\\vbox\lb\dots\rb}.  Gi`a n`a t`o metakin'hsoume pr`oc t`a >arister'a,
+gr'afoume {\tt \\moveleft}.  Paro\-mo'iwc, mporo~ume n`a
+meta\-kin'h\-soume <'ena {\rm hbox} pr`oc t`a p'anw >`h pr`oc t`a k'atw
+qrhsimopoi'wntac t`ic >ant'istoiqec l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt \\raise} >`h
+{\tt \\lower}.
+\toindex{moveright}
+\toindex{moveleft}
+\toindex{raise}
+\toindex{lower}
+
+\exercise Diorj~wste t`o {\rm macro} {\tt \\boxtext} t~hc prohgo'umenhc
+>'askhshc >'etsi <'wste <'olec o<i l'exeic m'iac >ar'adac (>ent`oc ka`i
+>ekt`oc plais'iou) n`a br'iskontai >ep`i t~hc >'idiac <oriz'ontiac
+e>uje'iac. (<Up'odeixh: >ex <orismo~u t`o b'ajoc <en`oc {\tt \\strut}
+e>~inai 3,5 stigm'ec.)  M`e t`o diorjwm'eno {\rm macro} j`a pr'epei
+na mpore~ite n`a gr'afete m'ia pr'otash s`an ka`i t`hn >ak'oloujh: 
+{\rm I'm \boxtext not quite \boxtext sure why \boxtext 
+someone would \boxtext do this \boxtext since the \boxtext result 
+is \boxtext pretty strange} (>`h 
+\boxtext <ellhnik'a:
+beba'iwc 
+\boxtext d`en 
+e>~imai 
+\boxtext ka`i 
+t'oso 
+\boxtext s'igouroc 
+<'oti 
+\boxtext t`o
+a>isjhtik`o 
+\boxtext >apot'elesma 
+j`a 
+\boxtext s~ac 
+>enjousi'asei).
+
+>E`an e>~inai >apara'ithto mporo~ume n`a gem'isoume <'ena {\rm hbox} m`e
+m`e m'ia <oriz'ontia e>uje'ia >`h suneq'omenec tele~iec.  A>ut`o
+mporo~ume n`a t`o pet'uqoume qrhsimopoi'wntac t`ic l'exeic >el'egqou
+{\tt \\hrulefill} >`h {\tt \\dotfill} >ent`oc to~u {\tt
+\\hbox\lb\dots\rb}, <'opwc st`o <ep'omeno par'adeigma:
+
+\beginuser
+\\hbox to 5 in\lb Getting Started\\hrulefill 1\rb
+\\hbox to 5 in\lb All Characters Great and Small\\hrulefill 9\rb
+\\hbox to 5 in\lb The Shape of Things to come\\hrulefill 17\rb
+\\hbox to 5 in\lb No Math Anxiety Here!\\hrulefill 30\rb
+\enduser
+
+\noindent <O k'wdikac a>ut`oc m~ac d'inei:
+\vskip \baselineskip
+
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm Getting Started\hrulefill 1}
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm All Characters Great and Small\hrulefill 9}
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm The Shape of Things to come\hrulefill 17}
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm No Math Anxiety Here!\hrulefill 30}
+
+>E`an st`hn j'esh to~u {\tt \\hrulefill} gr'ayoume {\tt \\dotfill}, t`o
+>apot'elesma j`a e>~inai:
+\vskip \baselineskip
+
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm Getting Started\dotfill 1}
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm All Characters Great and Small\dotfill 9}
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm The Shape of Things to come\dotfill 17}
+\hbox to 5 in{\rm No Math Anxiety Here!\dotfill 30}
+
+\exercise <Etoim'aste t`hn kefal`h m'iac sel'idac >ent`oc <en`oc
+paral\-lh\-logr'am\-mou plai\-s'i\-ou po`u n`a moi'azei m''\NB{}a>ut`hn
+t~wn sel'idwn <eto'utou to~u >egqeirid'iou.
+
+
+\section{P'ec mou to <ellhnik'a!}
+
+\noindent  
+[Shme'iwsh to~u metafrast~h, po`u e>~inai ka`i <o suggraf'eac a>uto~u
+to~u kefala'iou: {\tengs <Eto~uto t`o kef'alaio >'eqei grafe~i gi`a
+<'ena sugkekrim'eno pak'eto <ellhniko~u {\sl \TeX}\null.  <'Osoi
+qrhsimopoio~un >'alla pak'eta <ellhniko~u {\sl \TeX}, mporo~un n`a
+>all'axoun t`o ke'imeno ka`i t`a parade'igmata s'umfwna m`e t`ic dik'ec
+touc >an'agkec.  <'Omwc d`en j`a pr'epei n`a >all'axoun t`hn dom`h to~u
+kefala'iou.}]
+
+S`e <'ola t`a prohgo'umena kef'alaia >exet'asame t`ic basik`ec >arq`ec
+to~u {\rm \TeX} >anafer'omenoi <'omwc p'anta s`e parade'igmata
+stoiqeiojes'iac keim'enwn po`u sthr'izontai st`o latinik`o >alf'a\-bhto. 
+E>~inai pol`u pijan`o k'apoioi >anagn~wstec n`a bar'ejhkan <'olec
+a>ut`ec t`ic >exhg'hseic per`i to~u {\rm \TeX} m`e >agglik`a
+parade'igmata.  <'Omwc, <'opwc xananaf'erame, t`o {\rm \TeX}
+prwtosqedi'asjhke gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia >agglik~wn >ent'upwn.  >All`a
+p~wc t`a kataf'ernei m`e t`a <ellhnik'a?
+
+T`o {\rm\TeX} mpore~i n`a stoiqeiojet'hsei s`e <opoiad'hpote gl'wssa
+--- >ak'oma ka`i kin'ezika --- >arke~i n`a >'eqei t`ic kat'allhlec
+grammatoseir'ec (ka`i >'iswc ka`i merik`ec <odhg'iec sullabismo~u).  O<i
+pr~wtec grammatoseir`ec <ellhnik~wn stoiqe'iwn gi`a stoiqeiojes'ia
+kanoniko~u keim'enou (ka`i >'oqi majhmatik~wn sumb'olwn) m`e t`o {\rm
+\TeX}, sqedi'asjhkan >ap`o t`on {\rm Sylvio Levy} st`o Panepist'hmio
+{\rm Princeton} t~wn H.P.A\null.  <O {\rm Levy} gi`a t`on sqediasm`o
+t~wn grammatoseir~wn tou bas'isjhke sto`uc palio`uc qarakt~hrec {\rm
+Didot}, po`u e>~inai gnwsto`i sto`uc <'ellhnec tupogr'afouc <wc
+((<apl'a)).  T`ic grammatoseir`ec to~u {\rm Levy} belt'iwse l'igo
+>arg'otera <o Gi'annhc Qaral'ampouc st`o Panepist'hmio t~hc {\rm Lille}
+t~hc Gall'iac, >en`w kat'opin <o Kwst`hc Druller'akhc st`o {\rm Imperial
+College} to~u Lond'inou t`ic sugk'entrwse maz`i m`e k'apoia {\rm macro}
+s`e <'ena pak'eto m`e t`o >'onoma \greektex.  
+
+>Ekt`oc t~wn grammatoseir~wn t~wn {\rm Levy}--Qaral'ampouc, teleuta~ia
+parousi'asjhkan ka`i meriko`i >'alloi <ellhniko`i t'upoi.  >Ep'ishc,
+>ekt`oc to~u \greektex\ <up'arqoun ka`i >'alla <ellhnik`a pak'eta {\rm
+\TeX} po`u diaf'eroun s`e k'apoia shme~ia t`o <'ena >ap`o t`o
+>'allo\fnote{<'Osoi >anagn~wstec >'eqoun pr'osbash st`o {\rm Internet}
+ka`i x'eroun p~wc n`a qeirisjo~un <'ena >arqe~io \LaTeX, mporo~un n`a
+>anazht'hsoun periss'oterec plhrofor'iec gi`a <el\-lh\-nik`ec
+grammatoseir`ec ka`i pak'eta {\rm \TeX} st`o >arqe~io {\tt
+greekinf2.ltx} t`o <opo~io peri'eqei t`o >'arjro: {\rm I. Dimakos,
+``It's all Greek\TeX\ to me: An updated summary of all available \TeX\
+and \LaTeX\ tools'', (1996)}. T`o >arqe~io a>ut`o mpore~i n`a t`o l'abei
+kane`ic m`e {\tt ftp} >ap`o t`on kat'alogo {\tt tex-archive/help/greek}
+t~wn k'ombwn {\tt ftp.tex.ac.uk} ka`i {\tt ftp.dante.de}.}.  <Wst'oso
+st`ic <ep'omenec sel'idec j`a >exet'asoume t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
+<ellhnik~wn keim'enwn m'onon m`e t`o \greektex, t`o <opo~io mporo~ume
+n`a t`o qrhsimopoi'hsoume s`e <opoiod'hpote <upologist`h m`e
+<opoiod'hpote leitourgik`o s'usthma (>ak'oma ka`i st`hn per'iptwsh po`u
+d`en <up'arqoun o<i <ellhniko`i qarakt~hrec t~hc >oj'onhc).  
+
+\subsection{<H pi`o <apl`h l'ush}
+
+<H pi`o <apl`h l'ush (>all`a >'oqi ka`i <h pi`o komy'h) gi`a t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia <ellhnik~wn keim'enwn e>~inai n`a fort'wsoume ka`i n`a
+qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`ic <ellhnik`ec grammatoseir`ec po`u pijan`o n`a
+<up'arqoun st`on <upologist'h mac, <'opwc j`a k'aname ka`i gi`a
+<opoiesd'hpote latinik`ec gramma\-to\-seir'ec (kef'alaio\NB{}2). >E`an
+d`en <up'arqoun <ellhnik`ec grammatoseir'ec, kal`o j`a >~htan n`a t`ic
+>ana\-zh\-t'h\-soume e>'ite m'esw| f'ilwn ka`i gnwst~wn e>'ite m'esw|
+to~u {\rm Internet}.
+
+>E`an st`on <upologist'h mac <up'arqoun o<i grammatoseir`ec to~u
+\greektex, t'ote j`a pr'epei n`a <up'arqoun k'apoia >arqe~ia m`e t`o
+>'onoma {\tt kdgr10.mf}, {\tt kdgr10.tfm}, k.lp.  St`hn per'iptwsh
+a>ut`h gi`a n`a fort'wsoume to`uc <aplo`uc <ellhniko`uc t'upouc s`e
+m'egejoc 10 stigm~wn <wc m'ia gram\-mato\-seir`a m`e t`o >'onoma {\tt
+\\tengr}, gr'afoume st`on k'wdik'a mac:
+
+\beginliteral
+\font\tengr=kdgr10 scaled \magstep0
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent 
+Sunolik'a, o<i diaj'esimec grammatoseir`ec (t'upoi) to~u \greektex\
+e>~inai >enn'ea <'opwc fa'inetai st`on <ep'omeno p'inaka:
+
+\maketable [<Ellhnik`ec grammatoseir`ec to~u 
+                  \lsecfont G\bf REE\lsecfont K\TeX]
+\halign{%
+\strut \tt # \hfil & \quad\hfil # \hfil \cr
+\tengb >Onoma & \tengb T'upoc \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+\ kdrg10 & <apl'a ({\rm Didot}) 10 stigm~wn \cr
+\ kdrg9 & {\ninegr <apl'a ({\rm Didot}) 9 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdrg8 & {\eightgr <apl'a ({\rm Didot}) 8 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdbf10 & {\tengb >'entona <apl`a 10 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdbf9 & {\ninegb >'entona <apl`a 9 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdbf8 & {\eightgb >'entona <apl`a 8 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdsl10 & {\tengs pl'agia <apl`a 10 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdti10 & {\tengi pl'agia--kalligrafik'a (yeudo"italik'a) 10 stigm~wn} \cr
+\ kdtt10 & {\tengt grafomhqan~hc 10 stigm~wn} \cr
+      }
+
+\noindent
+<'Olouc to`uc parap'anw t'upouc mporo~ume n`a to`uc fort'wsoume s`e
+<opoiod'hpote m'egejoc <'opwc k'aname ka`i gi`a t`on t'upo {\tt
+\\tengr}.  P.q., <h <ep'omenh gramm`h k'wdika d'inei st`o {\rm \TeX}
+t`hn >entol`h n`a fort'wsei pl'agiouc <ellhniko`uc t'upouc s`e m'egejoc
+12 stigm~wn <wc m'ia grammatoseir`a m`e t`hn >onomas'ia {\tt \\bgrsl}:
+
+\beginliteral
+\font\bgrsl=kdsl10 scaled \magstep1
+@endliteral
+
+>Ef'' <'oson >'eqoume fort'wsei to`uc <ellhniko`uc t'upouc po`u
+>epijumo~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia to~u
+keim'enou mac, t'ote mpo\-ro~u\-me n`a gr'ayoume
+
+\beginuser
+\\tengr Kalhm'era, k'osme!
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+gi`a n`a l'aboume
+
+Kalhm'era, k'osme!
+
+St`o parap'anw par'adeigma, bl'epoume <'oti st`on k'wdik'a mac gr'afoume
+t`o <ellhnik`o ke'imeno m`e latiniko`uc qarakt~hrec, ka`i telik`a st`o
+>'entup'o mac lamb'anoume <ellhniko'uc.  T`o par'adoxo a>ut`o
+>ofe'iletai st`on tr'opo m`e t`on <opo~io >'eqoun kwdikopoihje~i o<i
+<ellhnik`ec grammatoseir`ec to~u {\rm \TeX}\null.  O<i sqediast`ec t~wn
+<ellhnik~wn grammatoseir~wn ka`i t~wn <ellhnik~wn pak'etwn {\rm \TeX},
+je'wrhsan kaj~hkon touc n`a sebasjo~un t`hn basik`h >arq`h to~u {\rm
+\TeX} s'umfwna m`e t`hn <opo'ia k'aje >arqe~io {\tt .tex} (dhl.\
+>arqe~io po`u peri'eqei k'wdika {\rm \TeX}) j`a pr'epei n`a mpore~i n`a
+metaferje~i >ap`o <upologist`h s`e <upologist`h (p.q., m'esw| {\rm
+e-mail}) qwr`ic kan'ena pr'oblhma.  Prokeim'enou loip`on n`a mpore~i
+k'apoioc >ap`o t`hn <Ell'ada n`a ste'ilei <'ena >arqe~io {\tt .tex}
+po`u gr'afei, p.q., s`e <'enan {\rm Macintosh}, s`e <'enan <upologist`h
+st`ic H.P.A., po`u tr'eqei m`e {\rm UNIX} ka`i po`u d`en >'eqei
+to`uc <ellhniko`uc qarakt~hrec gi`a t`hn >oj'onh, j`a pr'epei t`o
+>arqe~io a>ut`o n`a peri'eqei latiniko`uc ka`i m'onon qarak~hrec. (Gi`a
+<'osouc kat'eqoun k'ati periss'otero >ap`o <upologist'ec, a>ut`o
+shma'inei <'oti t`o >arqe~io {\tt .tex} d`en j`a pr'epei n`a peri'eqei
+qarakt~hrec m`e kwdik`o {\rm ASCII} megal'utero to~u 127.)  Sunep~wc,
+<'otan qrhsimopoio~ume to`uc t'upouc to~u \greektex\ gi`a t`hn
+stoiqeiojes'ia <ellhniko~u keim'enou m`e t`o {\rm\TeX}, j`a pr'epei n`a
+gr'afoume st`on k'wdika t`o <ellhnik`o ke'imeno m`e latiniko`uc
+qarakt~hrec s'umfwna m`e t`hn >ak'oloujh >antistoiq'ia:
+\medskip
+\centerline{\vbox{%
+\halign{%
+# & # & # & # & # & # & # & # & # & # & % 10
+# & # & # & # & # & # & # & # & # & # & % 20 
+# & # & # & # & #\cr% 25 
+\tt a & \tt b & \tt g & \tt d & \tt e & 
+\tt z & \tt h & \tt j & \tt i & \tt k & % 10
+\tt l & \tt m & \tt n & \tt x & \tt o & 
+\tt p & \tt r & \tt s & \tt t & \tt u & % 20
+\tt f & \tt q & \tt y & \tt w & \tt c\cr% 25 
+a & b & g & d & e & z & h & j & i & k & % 10
+l & m & n & x & o & p & r & s & t & u & % 20 
+f & q & y & w & c\cr% 25 
+}%
+}%
+}
+
+O<i t'onoi ka`i t`a pne'umata stoi\-qei\-o\-jeto~untai gr'afontac st`on
+k'wdika t`a kat'allhla dia\-kritik`a shme~ia >empr`oc >ap`o t`a
+fwn'henta.  P.q., m`e {\tt >'a}, lamb'anoume:\NB{}>'a, dhl.\ t`o >'alfa
+m`e yi\-l`h ka`i >oxe'ia.  Genik'wtera, gi`a n`a l'aboume <'ena fwn~hen
+m`e t'ono ka`i pne~uma >`h dialutik'a, st`on k'wdika gr'afoume pr~wta
+t`o pne~uma >`h t`a dialutik'a, met`a t`on t'ono ka`i met`a t`o
+fwn~hen.
+
+<H perispwm'enh st`hn per'iptwsh to~u \greektex\ parousi'azei m'ia
+>idiaiter'othta, >epeid`h lamb'anetai m`e t`on qarakt'hra {\tt
+\~{}}\null.  St`o kef'alaio\NB{}2 e>'idame <'oti <o qarakt'hrac a>ut`oc
+gi`a t`o {\rm \TeX} e>~inai e>idik`oc ka`i shma'inei s'undesmo, dhl.\
+>adi'akopto ken`o di'asthma.  Gi`a n`a >apof'ugoume t`a mplex'imata,
+>e`an qrhsimopoio~ume t`ic <ellhnik`ec grammatoseir`ec to~u \greektex,
+j`a pr'epei <'opou <up'arqei <ellhnik`o polutonik`o ke'imeno n`a
+>apo\-ener\-gopoio~ume pr~wta t`on s'undesmo {\tt \~{}} qrhsimopoi'wntac
+t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\catcode}.\TeXref{43--49} <H l'exh >el'egqou
+{\tt\\catcode} m~ac >epitr'epei n`a >al\-l'a\-zou\-me t`hn shmas'ia to~u
+k'aje qarakt'hra to~u k'wdik'a mac.  St`o <ep'omeno par'adeigma,
+gr'afontac {\tt\\catcode`\\\~{}=12}, d'inoume st`o {\rm\TeX} n`a
+katal'abei <'oti <o qarakt'hrac {\tt\~{}} d`en e>~inai pl'eon e>idik'oc;
+l'igo pi`o k'atw, gr'afontac {\tt\\catcode`\\\~{}=13
+\\def\~{}\lb\\penalty10000\\\NB{}\rb}, >epanor'izoume t`on
+qara\-kt'hra {\tt\~{}} <wc e>idik`o po`u <ermhne'uetai >ap`o t`o {\rm\TeX}
+<wc >adi'akopto ken`o di'asthma: \toindex{catcode}
+
+\beginliteral @obeyspaces
+\tengr                     % We want to typeset greek text
+@                           % using GreeKTeX fonts.
+\catcode`\~=12             % So we de-activate the tie ~
+\def\NB{\penalty10000\ }   % and we define \NB as non-breakable space.
+Kal~wc ton!  
+S''\NB{}t`o ''pa!
+\rm                        % Now we want to switch back to roman.
+\catcode`\~=13             % We re-activate the tie ~
+\def~{\penalty10000\ }     % and we define it again as non-breakable space.
+Hello Mr.~Jones!
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+<O parap'anw k'wdikac d'inei:
+
+Kal~wc ton! S''\NB{}t`o ''pa! {\rm Hello Mr.\NB{}Jones!}
+
+Beba'iwc, t`o monadik`o s'umfwno po~u pa'irnei tonik`o shme~io e>~inai
+t`o r`o t~wn >Arqa'iwn <El\-lh\-ni\-k~wn po`u mpore~i n`a e>~inai das`u
+>`h yil'o, p.q., (({\tengs T`a p'anta <re~i\/})).  <'Oso gi`a t`hn
+<upogegramm'enh po`u mpa'inei merik`ec for`ec k'atw >ap`o t`o {\tengs
+a}, t`o {\tengs h\/} ka`i t`o {\tengs w}, >arke~i n`a gr'ayoume m'ia
+katak'orufh gramm`h {\tt |} {\tengs met`a} t`o fwn~hen.  <O parak'atw
+p'inakac d'inei t`a <'ola t`a tonik`a shme~ia po`u mporo~ume n`a
+l'aboume m`e to`uc t'upouc to~u \greektex:
+
+\maketable[Tonik`a shme~ia <ellhniko~u keim'enou]
+\halign{%
+\strut \ # \hfil & \quad \tt # \hfil & \quad # \hfil \cr
+\tengb Shme~io & \tengb K'wdikac {\bf\TeX} & \tengb >Apot'elesma \cr
+\noalign{\hrule} \noalign{\smallskip}
+>oxe'ia         & M'h!             & M'h! \cr
+bare'ia         & T`a yhl`a boun`a & T`a yhl`a boun`a \cr
+perispwm'enh    & P~wc t`a p~ac?   & P~wc t`a p~ac? \cr
+yil`h           & >'Afhs'e me, >'afhs'e me! & >'Afhs'e me, >'afhs'e me! \cr
+dase'ia         &  D`en >'eqw >'allh <upomon'h! 
+                                   & D`en >'eqw >'allh <upomon'h! \cr
+<upogegramm'enh & T~w| kair~w| >eke'inw| 
+                                   & T~w| kair~w| >eke'inw| \cr
+dialutik`a      & T`o pro"i`on to~u Ma"'iou 
+                                   & T`o pro"i`on to~u Ma"'iou \cr
+     } % end halign
+
+T`a shme~ia st'ixhc t~wn <ellhnik~wn keim'enwn e>~inai par'omoia m`e
+a>ut`a t~wn >agglik~wn, m`e <orism'enec >exai\-r'e\-seic. <H
+>antistoiq'ia k'wdika <ellhnik~wn shme'iwn st'ixhc ka`i >apotel'esmatoc
+e>~inai a>ut`h po`u d'inetai st`on <ep'omeno p'inaka (prosoq`h st`hn
+diafor`a >'anw tele'iac ka`i >erwthmatiko~u):
+
+\maketable[Shme~ia st'ixhc <ellhniko~u keim'enou]
+\halign{%
+\strut
+# \hfil & \quad \tt # & \quad # 
+&\quad # \hfil &\quad \tt # & \quad # \cr
+\noalign{\hrule}\noalign{\smallskip}
+tele'ia                  & . & . &
+k'omma                   & , & , \cr
+>'anw tele'ia            & ; & ; &
+>'anw ka`i k'atw tele'ia & : & : \cr
+jaumastik`o              & ! & ! &
+>erwthmatik`o            & ? & ? \cr
+>arister`h >ap'ostrofoc  & `{}` & `` &
+dexi`a >ap'ostrofoc      & '{}' & '' \cr
+>arister`a e>isagwgik`a  & (( & (( &
+dexi`a e>isagwgik`a      & )) & )) \cr 
+      } % end halign
+
+\noindent
+St`hn per'iptwsh po`u qreiaste~i n`a b'aloume dipl`a >agglik`a
+e>isagwgik`a s`e <ellhnik`o ke'imeno, j`a pr'epei n`a >all'axoume
+proswrin`a s`e latiniko`uc t'upouc.  P.q., m`e t`on k'wdika 
+
+\beginuser
+((T'i \lb\\rm  ``\rb bl~hma\lb\\rm ''\rb\ po`u e>~isai!)), to~u f'wnaxe.
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+lamb'anoume: 
+
+((T'i {\rm ``}bl~hma{\rm ''} po`u e>~i\-sai!)), to~u f'wnaxe.
+
+\subsection{Gi`a k'ati kal'utero}
+
+<O Qaral'ampouc, >ekt`oc t~wn grammatoseir~wn, >'eqei <etoim'asei ka`i
+m'ia seir`a >ap`o <orismo`uc ({\rm macro}) ka`i kan'onec sullabismo~u
+gi`a stoiqeiojes'ia <ellhnik~wn keim'enwn.  T`a {\rm macro} to~u
+Qaral'ampouc >'eqoun >elafr`a beltiwje~i ka`i sugkentrwje~i st`o
+\greektex\ s`e <'ena >arqe~io m`e t`o <'onoma {\tt greektex.tex}.  T`o
+>arqe~io {\tt greektex.tex} mporo~ume n`a t`o qrhsimopoi'hsoume gi`a n`a
+>apof'ugoume t`a fjhn`a k'olpa gi`a t`hn perispwm'enh po`u m'olic
+perigr'ayame. >Arke~i ka`i m'ono n`a po~ume st`o {\rm\TeX} n`a diab'asei
+a>ut`o t`o >arqe~io pr`in >arq'isei n`a stoiqeiojete~i <ellhnik'a.
+Gr'afoume loip'on {\tt \\input greektex} st`hn pr'wth gramm`h to~u
+k'wdik'a mac.  Kat'opin <'opote j'eloume n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume
+<ellhnik`o ke'imeno, qrhsimopoio~ume t`o peri\-b'al\-lon {\rm greek},
+xekin'wntac m`e {\tt\\begingreek} ka`i telei'wnontac m`e
+{\tt\\endgreek}.  P.q., <o parak'atw k'wdikac \toindex{begingreek}
+\toindex{endgreek}
+
+\beginuser
+\\input greektex
+We start typesetting an English text, melang\\'e avec un peu de
+Fran\\c\lb c\rb ais, etc.\\ etc...
+but at some point we switch to Greek: 
+\\begingreek
+Kalhm'era, k'osme!
+\\endgreek
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+m~ac d'inei:
+
+{\rm We start typesetting an English text, melang\'e avec un peu de
+Fran\c{c}ais, etc.\ etc\dots\ but at some point we switch to Greek: 
+} % end roman
+Kalhm'era, k'osme!
+
+>Ent`oc to~u perib'allontoc {\rm greek}, mporo~ume n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume
+t`ic l'exeic >el'egqou {\tt \\gr}, {\tt \\sl}, {\tt \\bf}, {\tt \\tt}
+>`h {\tt \\it}, gi`a n`a l'aboume <aplo`uc, pl'agiouc, >'entonouc, t~hc
+grafomhqan~hc >`h pl'agiouc--kalligrafiko`uc <ellhniko`uc t'upouc
+>ant'istoiqa.  M'esa st`o perib'allon {\rm greek} mpo\-ro~u\-me >ak'oma n`a
+stoiqeiojet'hsoume ka`i k'ati st`o latinik`o >alf'abhto; o<i l'exeic
+>el'egqou {\tt \\rm}, {\tt \\lsl}, {\tt \\lbf}, {\tt \\ltt} >`h {\tt
+\\lit} m~ac d'inoun latiniko`uc qarakt~hrec {\rm roman}, pl'agiouc {\rm
+roman}, grafomhqan~hc ka`i {\rm italic} >ant'istoiqa.  <'Otan e>'imaste
+>ekt`oc to~u perib'allontoc {\rm greek}, o<i l'exeic >el'egqou gi`a t`hn
+>allag`h t'upou, <'opwc {\tt \\sl}, k.lp., d'inoun m'onon to`uc
+>ant'istoiqouc pl'agiouc k.lp.\ latiniko`uc t'upouc.  <Or'iste <'ena
+par'adeigma
+\toindex{gr}
+
+\beginuser
+This text is mixed \lb\\sl English\rb{} and Greek.
+\\begingreek
+A>ut`o t`o ke'imeno e>~inai >an'amikto \lb\\sl <ellhnik`o\rb{} ka`i
+\lb\\lsl English\rb.
+A>ut`o t`o ke'imeno e>~inai >an'amikto \lb\\sl <ellhnik`o\rb{} ka`i
+\lb\\lsl English\rb.
+\\endgreek
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+<O k'wdikac a>ut`oc d'inei
+
+{\rm This text is mixed {\sl English} and Greek.} A>ut`o t`o ke'imeno
+e>~inai >an'amikto {\tengs <ellhnik`o} ka`i {\sl English}.
+{\rm This text is mixed {\sl English} and Greek.} A>ut`o t`o ke'imeno
+e>~inai >an'amikto {\tengs <ellhnik`o} ka`i {\sl English}.
+
+<H suqn`h >epan'alhyh t~wn l'exewn >el'egqou {\tt \\begingreek} ka`i
+{\tt \\endgreek} mpore~i n`a e>~inai >idia'itera kourastik'h.  Gi`a
+e>ukol'ia, t`o \greektex\ m~ac d'inei t`hn dunat'othta n`a t`ic
+>anti\-kata\-st'h\-soume m`e t`o s'umbolo to~u dolar'iou ({\tt \$}) >`h
+m`e t`o s'umbolo t~hc katak'orufhc gram\-m~hc ({\tt |})\null.   <H
+>anti\-kat'a\-stash a>ut`h g'inetai gr'afontac st`on k'wdika {\tt
+\\greekdelims\lb dollar\rb} >`h  {\tt \\greekdelims\lb bar\rb}
+>ant'i\-stoiqa.  <'Omwc ka`i o<i d'uo peript'wseic >apaito~un prosoq'h. 
+
+St`hn per'iptwsh po`u qrhsimopoio~ume t`o {\tt \$} <wc >'endeixh >arq~hc
+ka`i t'elouc <ellhniko~u keim'enou, <'otan j'eloume n`a gr'ayoume
+majhmatiko`uc t'upouc j`a pr'epei n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume t`ic l'exeic
+>el'egqou {\tt \\math}, {\tt \\display} ka`i {\tt \\enddisplay}. Gi`a
+par'adeigma, m`e {\tt \\math a = b \\math}, lam\-b'a\-noume >ent`oc
+st'iqou: $a = b$, >en`w m`e {\tt \\display a = b .\ \\enddisplay},
+lam\-b'a\-noume >ent`oc plais'iou:
+$$ a = b .$$ 
+>E`an qrhsimopoio~ume t`hn katak'orufh gramm'h ({\tt |}) <wc >'endeixh
+>arq~hc ka`i t'elouc <ellhniko~u keim'enou, j`a >'eqoume duskol'ia n`a
+gr'ayoume k'apoio >arqa~io ke'imeno >`h ke'imeno t~hc kajare'uousac m`e
+<upogegramm'enec.  Gi'' aut'o, st`hn per'iptwsh polutoniko~u keim'enou,
+e>~inai protim'wtero n`a <or'izoume {\tt \\greekdelims\lb dollar\rb}. 
+<Or'iste <'ena k'apwc >anorj'ografo par'adeigma: 
+\toindex{greekdelims}
+\toindex{math}
+\toindex{display}
+\toindex{enddisplay}
+
+\beginliteral
+\input greektex
+\greekdelims{dollar}
+@null
+This is a latin text: \math a \neq b \math.
+Mr.~Jones Mr.~Jones @dots Mr.~Jones Mr.~Jones.
+$  <Ell~hnik`oc >ano<rj~wgrafw|c: \math a = b \math\ >`h 
+\display a = b. \enddisplay $ 
+Now we continue in english!
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent 
+<O k'wdikac a>ut`oc d'inei
+
+{\rm
+This is a latin text $ a \neq b $.
+Mr.\NB Jones Mr.\NB Jones Mr.\NB Jones Mr.\NB Jones Mr.\NB Jones
+Mr.\NB{}Jones Mr.\NB{}Jones Mr.\NB Jones Mr.\NB{}Jones \dotfill\ 
+Mr.\NB{}Jones.
+{\tengr <Ell~hnik`oc >ano<rj~wgrafw|c $ a = b $ >`h }
+$$ a = b. $$
+{\rm  Now we continue in english!}
+} % end and roman
+
+T'eloc, t`o \greektex\ >ekt`oc >ap`o t`hn l'ush m`e t`o {\tt
+greektex.tex}, m~ac prosf'erei ka`i k'ati >ak'oma kal'utero: <'ena
+sumpuknwm'eno >arqe~io morf~hc m`e t`o >'onoma {\tt greek.fmt}. 
+Mporo~ume loip`on n`a po~ume st`o {\rm \TeX} n`a >epexergasje~i <'ena
+>arqe~io mac, p.q., t`o {\tt mygrtext.tex}, <wc >ex~hc:
+
+\itemitem{} $>$ {\tt tex \&greek mygrtext}
+
+\noindent
+St`hn per'iptwsh a>ut`h d`en qrei'azetai n`a <up'arqei st`o >arqe~io
+{\tt mygrtext.tex} <h >entol'h: {\tt \\input greektex}.  T`a {\rm macro}
+to~u {\tt greektex.tex} d'inontai ka`i >ap`o t`o >arqe~io morf~hc {\tt
+greek.fmt}.  >Epi\-pl'eon, t`o {\tt greek.fmt} peri'eqei ka`i <odhg'iec
+sullabismo~u <ellhniko~u keim'enou, k'ati po`u d`en m~ac prosf'erei
+<h l'ush m`e t`o {\tt greektex.tex}.  Gi`a t`on l'ogo a>ut`o e>~inai
+protim'wterh <h l'ush m`e t`o >arqe~io morf~hc {\tt greek.fmt},
+>idiait'erwc <'otan pr'okeitai n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume meg'ala <ellhnik`a
+ke'imena.
+
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`o >ak'oloujo <ellhnik`o ke'imeno, >afo~u
+pr~wta fort'wsete kat'allhla t`ic <ellhnik`ec grammatoseir'ec. 
+
+{\narrower\noindent
+>Epip'onwc d`e h<ur'isketo, di'oti o<i par'ontec to~ic >'ergoic
+<ek'astoic o>u ta>ut`a per`i a>ut~wn >'elegon, >all'' <wc <ekat'erwn tic
+e>uno'iac >`h mn'hmhc >'eqei. (Joukud'idhc, bibl'io\NB{}I, {\rm
+xxii},\NB{}3) 
+
+} % end narrower
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`o >ak'oloujo <ellhnik`o ke'imeno:
+
+{\narrower\noindent K'amfjht'i moi pr`oc to`uc stenagmo`uc t~hc
+kard'iac, <o kl'inac to`uc O>urano`uc t~h| >af'atw| Sou ken'wsei.
+({\tengs T`o Trop'arion t~hc Kassian~hc\/})
+
+} % end narrower
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`o >ak'oloujo <ellhnik`o ke'imeno:
+
+{\narrower\noindent Fobhj'hkame n'' >agapo~ume --- m`h gel'asoume to`uc
+>'allouc, m`h m~ac gel'asoun\dots\ (Dh\-m'h\-trhc Qatz~hc, {\tengs T`o
+dipl`o bibl'io}, 2h >'ekdosh, >Ekd.\ ((Ke'imena)), >Aj'hna 1977,
+sel.\NB112)
+
+}
+
+\subsection{K'apoioi sp'anioi <ellhniko`i qarakt~hrec}
+
+O<i grammatoseir`ec to~u \greektex\ peri'eqoun ka`i tre~ic qarakt~hrec
+po`u qrh\-si\-mo\-poi\-o~untai sp'ania. Pr'okeitai gi`a t`o d'igamma
+(\digamma),  t`o k'oppa (\Koppa, \koppa, \varkoppa) ka`i t`o samp'i
+(\sampi).  O<i d'uo teleuta'ioi qrhsime'uoun gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
+>arijm~wn s'umfwna m`e t`o s'usthma t~wn >alexandrin~wn majhmatik~wn. 
+S'umfwna m`e a>ut`o t`o s'usthma, t`o st'igma >antistoiqe~i st`o <'exi,
+t`o k'oppa st`o >enen'hnta ka`i t`o samp`i st`o >enniak'osia.  T`o
+d'igamma qrhsimopoie~itai sp'ania st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia >arqa'iac
+<ellhnik~hc lurik~hc po'ihshc.
+
+Gi`a n`a l'aboume a>uto`uc to`uc qarakt~hrec, j`a pr'epei n`a to`uc
+<or'isoume qrhsimopoi'wntac t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\char}.%
+\TeXref{43--49}
+\toindex{char}
+
+\beginliteral@obeyspaces
+\def\digamma{\char'020}    % digamma (or former 6)
+\def\Koppa{\char'022}      % capital qoppa (or 90)
+\def\koppa{\char'023}      % small qoppa (or 90)
+\def\varkoppa{\char'021}   % small qoppa variance (or 90)
+\def\sampi{\char'024}      % sampi (or 900)
+\def\numbertick{\char'003} % upper tick for ordinal Greek numbers
+\def\pretick{\char'004}    % lower tick for Greek thousands
+@endliteral
+
+\noindent
+Dustuq~wc, t`o st'igma le'ipei >ap`o t`ic grammatoseir`ec to~u
+\greektex\null.  >Epeid`h <'omwc moi'azei m`e t`o telik`o s'igma,
+m'ia k'apwc pr'oqeirh l'ush e>~inai n`a <or'isoume a>ut`on t`on
+qarakt'hra <wc >ex~hc:
+
+\beginliteral@obeyspaces
+\def\stigma{\char'143}     % stigma (or latter 6)
+@endliteral
+
+Sto`uc parap'anw <orismo`uc sumperil'abame ka`i d'uo t'onouc, <'enan
+>an'wtero ({\tt\\numbertick}) ka`i <'enan kat'wtero ({\tt\\pretick})
+po`u mpa'inoun p'isw >ap`o taktik`a >arijmhtik`a ka`i >empr`oc >ap`o
+qili'adec >ant'istoiqa.  Kat'opin mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume:
+{\tt\lb\\tengr \\pretick a\\sampi\\stigma \\numbertick\rb = 1906}, gi`a
+n`a l'aboume: {\tengr\pretick a\sampi\stigma\numbertick} = 1906.  >`H
+>ak'oma mporo~ume n`a gr'ayoume: {\tt\lb\\tengr ((t`on
+\\digamma\lb\rb`on pa~ida kale~i)) (Sapf'w)\rb}, gi`a n`a l'aboume:
+((t`on \digamma{}`on pa~ida kale~i)) (Sapf'w).
+\toindex{digamma}
+\toindex{stigma}
+\toindex{koppa}
+\toindex{varkoppa}
+\toindex{Koppa}
+\toindex{sampi}
+
+<'Otan qrhsimopoio~ume t`o >arqe~io {\tt greektex.tex} >`h t`o >arqe~io
+morf~hc {\tt greek.fmt}, o<i parap'anw <orismo`i d`en qrei'azetai n`a
+<up'arqoun st`on k'wdik'a mac.  O<i >'idiec l'exeic >el'egqou
+<or'izontai >'hdh st`o {\tt greektex.tex} ka`i st`o {\tt greek.fmt}, m`e
+m'ia <'omwc shmantik`h diafor'a:  <Wc st'igma <or'izetai lanjasm'ena <h
+parallag`h to~u mikro~u k'oppa \varkoppa, >en~w <h >entol`h
+{\tt\\varkoppa} d`en <up'arqei.  St`hn per'iptwsh a>ut`h e>~inai
+protim'wtero n`a >epanor'isoume t`o {\tt\\stigma} ka`i t`o
+{\tt\\varkoppa} <'opwc k'aname parap'anw.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste: >Egr'afh >en >'etei
+\pretick{}a\sampi\varkoppa\stigma\numbertick
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste to`uc >ak'oloujouc d'uo st'iqouc to~u >Alka'iou
+(7oc a>'i.\ p.Q.)\ po`u dias'wjhkan >'ewc t`ic <hm'erec mac:
+
+{\leftskip=2in\obeylines
+\qquad n'oon d`e \digamma a'utw
+\parskip=0pt p'ampan >a'errei
+
+}
+
+\subsection{<H leptom'ereia po`u k'anei t`hn diafor`a}
+
+T`o {\rm\TeX} m~ac >epitr'epei n`a stoiqeiojeto~ume ke'imena m`e m'ia
+meg'alh poikil'ia qarakt~hrwn ka`i diat'axewn.  >'Arage a>ut`o shma'inei
+<'oti g'iname >epaggelmat'iec tupogr'afoi ka`i <'oti mporo~ume n`a
+pet~ame dexi`a ka`i >arister`a st`o qart`i pl'agia, kalligrafik`a ka`i
+>'entona?  <H >ap'anthsh e>~inai: ((>'Oqi!))  O<i dunat'othtec po`u m~ac
+prosf'erei t`o {\rm\TeX} d`en e>~inai gi`a n`a fti'aqnoume full'adec m`e
+t'itlouc {\tengs D'agkws'e me}, {\tengs <H >Arpaqt'h}, k.lp.  T`o
+{\rm\TeX} e>~inai m'allon gi`a sobar'wtera >'entupa. M'alista, j`a
+diapist'wsoume <'oti kaj`wc maja'inoume t`o {\rm\TeX}, maja'inoume ka`i
+>eme~ic n`a seb'omasje t`o >'entupo. >Epeid`h d`e p'anta <h leptom'ereia
+k'anei t`hn diafor'a, parak'atw j`a >exet'asoume <orism'ena j'emata po`u
+j`a m~ac k'anoun prosektik'wterouc, >'ara kal'uterouc {\rm\TeX}n'itec.
+
+Pr~wta-pr~wta, p'anta pr`in xekin'hsoume t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia <en`oc
+>ent'upou j`a pr'epei n`a >afie\-r'w\-sou\-me l'igo qr'ono n`a
+skefjo~ume t`hn morf'h tou.  Sun'hjwc, magem'enoi >ap`o t`hn d'unamh
+to~u {\rm\TeX}, xekin~ame t`o gr'ayimo to~u k'wdika qwr`ic n`a
+>exet'asoume t'i >epijumo~ume n`a l'aboume st`o qart'i.  <'Omwc d`en j`a
+pr'epei n`a biaz'omasje.  >Epipl'eon, >e`an skop'oc mac e>~inai n`a
+<etoim'asoume <'ena bibl'io, kal`o e>~inai pr`in xekin'hsoume t`hn
+s'untaxh to~u k'wdika n`a sumbouleujo~ume <'enan >epaggelmat'ia
+sqediast`h bibl'iwn.  A>ut`oc j`a m~ac d'wsei t`ic kat'allhlec <odhg'iec
+gi`a t`hn <etoimas'ia t~wn t'itlwn, t`hn >epilog`h to~u e>'idouc, to~u
+t'upou ka`i to~u meg'ejouc t~wn grammatoseir~wn, k.lp.
+
+<H >epilog`h t~wn grammatoseir~wn, t~wn t'upwn (>'orjia, pl'agia >`h
+>'entona) ka`i to~u meg'ejouc touc ($10\,\rm pt$, $12\,\rm pt$, k.lp.)\
+>antikatoptr'izei t`o <'ufoc to~u keim'enou mac. Kat`a kan'ona, t`o
+ke'imeno gr'afetai m`e >'orjiouc <aplo`uc qarakt~hrec, >en~w t`a
+pl'agia, k.lp.\ qrhsime'uoun gi`a e>idiko`uc skopo'uc.  O<i t'itloi,
+gi`a par'adeigma, sun'hjwc stoiqeiojeto~untai s`e meg'alouc >'entonouc
+t'upouc >`h m`e kefala~ia.  Meg'aloi qarakt~hrec qwr`ic >apol'hxeic
+t'upou {\sf sans serif} qrhsimopoio~untai ka`i gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
+paidik~wn bibl'iwn po`u >epib'alletai n`a e>~inai >idia'itera <apl`a
+st`hn >emf'anis'h touc. St`on parak'atw p'inaka d'inontai merik`ec
+genik`ec <odhg'iec gi`a t`hn qr'hsh t~wn diaf'orwn t'upwn stoiqe'iwn:
+
+\maketable[Qr'hseic t'upwn stoiqe'iwn]
+\halign{%
+\strut
+\hfil # \hfil & \ # \hfil & \ # \hfil \cr
+{\tengb T'upoc} & {\tengb Qr'hsh} & {\tengb Par'adeigma} \cr
+\noalign{\hrule}\noalign{\smallskip}
+>'orjia (<apl'a)  & <apl`o ke'imeno, mon'adec,
+         & <H >anjrakik`h r'iza: {\rm CO$^{2-}_3$}. \cr 
+         & >`h qhmiko`i t'upoi & \cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+>'entona & t'itloi, >'emfash 
+         & {\tengb Kef.\ 3: >Asiatik`ec q~wrec} \cr
+         & >`h <orismo`i & \cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+pl'agia  & >'emfash, <orismo`i 
+         & >Efhm.\ {\tengs <H Jessal'ia}, \cr
+         & >`h t'itloi >ent'upwn & B'oloc, 31/12/1898, sel.\ 2\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+pl'agia--kalligrafik`a & >'emfash, <orismo`i
+         & <Wc {\tengi sf'alma\/} <or'izoume: \cr
+         & >`h majhmatiko`i t'upoi 
+         & $\varepsilon = \epsilon \neq \rho = \varrho$ \cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+grafomhqan~hc & prosomo'iwsh grafomhqan~hc
+         & {\tt if (a != b) then \lb\dots\rb } \cr
+         & ka`i l'istec programm'atwn & \cr
+     } % end halign
+
+<H <upogr'ammish keim'enou l'ogou (dhl.\ m`h majhmatik~wn sumb'olwn) d`en
+sunhj'izetai st`hn tupograf'ia.  Pr'okeitai gi`a <'ena kat'aloipo t~hc
+>epoq~hc t~hc grafomhqan~hc, <'otan o<i daktulogr'afoi d`en di'ejetan
+>'allon tr'opo gi`a n`a k'anoun <'ena m'eroc to~u keim'enou n`a
+xeqwr'izei >ap`o t`o <up'oloipo.  >Ef'' <'oson t`o {\rm\TeX} m~ac
+prosf'erei >arketo`uc t'upouc stoiqe'iwn gi`a k'aje skop'o, mporo~ume
+n`a >apof'ugoume t`hn <upogr'ammish.  J`a pr'epei <wst'oso n`a
+pros'eqoume pot`e st`o >'idio >'entupo n`a m`hn qrhsimopoio~ume d'uo
+diaforetiko`uc t'upouc stoiqe'iwn gi`a t`on >'idio skop'o.  >E`an, gi`a
+par'adeigma, qrhsimopoio~ume pl'agiouc t'upouc gi`a >'emfash, t'ote d`en
+j`a pr'epei n`a qrhsimopoio~ume gi`a t`on >'idio skop`o
+pl'agia--kalligrafik`a stoiqe~ia >`h >'entona.
+
+Suqn'a, kaj`wc <etoim'azoume t`on k'wdika {\rm\TeX} <en`oc >ent'upou m`e
+<ellhnik`o ke'imeno, k'anoume l'ajh >ephreasm'enoi >ap`o t`hn par'adosh
+ka`i to`uc kan'onec t~hc x'enhc tupograf'iac, ka`i kur'iwc t~hc
+>aggloamerikanik~hc.  Gi`a par'adeigma, pollo`i qrhsimopoio~un t`a
+>agglik`a e>isagwgik`a {\rm``}\NB{}ka`i\NB{}{\rm''}, >ant`i t~wn <ellhnik~wn
+(( ka`i\NB)).  >'Alloi p'ali >af'hnoun <'ena ken`o di'asthma met`a t`o
+>arister`o e>isagwgik`o ka`i pr`in t`o dexi'o, >epeid`h >'iswc >'etsi
+to`uc >'edeixe k'apote <h kur'ia t~wn Gallik~wn.  <'Omwc  st`hn
+per'iptwsh <ellhniko~u keim'enou, t`a <uperuywm'ena e>isagwgik'a, e>'ite
+st`hn <apl`h (``\NB{}''), e>'ite st`hn dipl`h morf'h touc
+({\rm``\NB{}''}), qrhsimopoio~untai m'onon <wc e>isagwgik`a >ent`oc
+e>isa\-gwgi\-k~wn.  >Ak'oma, t`a <ellhnik`a e>isagwgik'a, par'' <'oti
+moi'azoun t~wn gallik~wn, d`en >ako\-lou\-jo~un to`uc >'idiouc kan'onec
+stoiqeioj'ethshc.  Pot`e d`en pr'epei n`a >af'hnoume ken`o di'asthma
+met`a t`o >arister`o e>isagwgik'o; paromo'iwc, d`en >af'hnoume ken`o
+di'asthma pr`in t`o dexi`o e>isagwgik'o, t`hn tele'ia, t`o k'omma, t`hn
+>'anw tele'ia, t`hn >'anw ka`i k'atw tele'ia, t`o >erwthmatik`o ka`i t`o
+jaumastik'o.  Mporo~ume <wst'oso n`a j'etoume ken`a diast'hmata
+<ekat'erwjen k'aje dipl~hc (parenjetik~hc) pa'ulac\NB{}(---), s`e
+>ant'ijesh m`e t`hn tupograf'ia >agglik~wn keim'enwn <'opou d`en
+>epitr'epontai ken`a diast'hmata <ekat'erwjen k'aje dipl~hc pa'ulac.
+
+Gi`a t`hn j'esh t~wn e>isagwgik~wn s`e sq'esh m`e >'alla shme~ia
+st'ixhc, j`a pr'epei p'anta n`a >exet'azoume >e`an t`a >'alla shme~ia
+st'ixhc >apotelo~un m'eroc to~u keim'enou >ent`oc e>isagwgik~wn. 
+Sunep~wc, >e`an t`o ke'imeno >ent`oc t~wn e>isagwgik~wn >apotele~i m'ia
+pl'hrh pr'otash, t'ote <h tele'ia prohge~itai to~u dexio~u
+e>isagwgiko~u.  <Or'iste <'ena sqetik`o par'adeigma:
+
+{\narrower\parindent=0pt
+--- E>~inai >al'hjeia, kathgoro'umene, <'oti >apek'alesec t`on mhnut`h
+((bl'aka))?
+
+\parskip=0pt
+--- >'Oqi, k.\ Pr'oedre!  >Eg`w to~u e>~ipa: ((>'Etsi po`u
+sumperif'eresai j`a s`e pern~ane gi`a bl'aka.))
+
+}
+
+\noindent
+T`o >'idio >isq'uei ka`i gi`a t`ic parenj'eseic; st`hn per'iptwsh m'iac
+pl'hrouc pr'otashc >ent`oc pa\-ren\-j'e\-sewn, <h dexi`a par'enjesh
+mpa'inei met`a t`hn tele'ia --- diaforetik'a, prohge~itai.
+
+T`a e>isagwgik`a j`a pr'epei n`a t`a qrhsimopoio~ume m`e feid'w.
+>Ep'ishc m`e t`o m'etro j`a pr'epei n`a qrhsimopoio~ume t`a kefala~ia,
+t`a poll`a jaumastik'a, k.lp.  Gi`a par'adeigma, d`en qrei'azetai n`a
+b'azoume tr'ia >`h ka`i periss'otera jaumastik`a gi`a n`a ton'isoume
+t`on jaumasm'o mac >`h t`hn >'ekplhx'h mac gi`a k'ati; <'ena ka`i m'onon
+<'ena jaumastik`o >arke~i! >Ak'oma ka`i t`a e>isagwgik`a gi`a l'exeic
+po`u qrhsimopoio~untai metaforik'a, suqn`a peritte'uoun.  <'Oso gi`a t`a
+kefala~ia, j`a pr'epei n`a pros'exoume <'oti qrhsimopoio~untai m'onon
+st`hn >arq`h prot'asewn ka`i kur'iwn >onom'atwn.  D`en qrei'azetai n`a
+mimo'umasje to`uc >Aggloamerik'anouc ka`i n`a gr'afoume <'olec t`ic
+l'exeic t~wn t'itlwn m`e kefala~ia.  >'Etsi t`o swst`o e>~inai n`a
+gr'afoume:
+
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\centerline{{\tengb Kef.\NB{}2: T`o je'wrhma to~u Jal~h ka`i sqetik`a
+por'ismata}}
+
+\noindent
+>ant`i to~u lanjasm'enou: 
+
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\centerline{{\tengb Kef.\NB{}2: T`o Je'wrhma to~u Jal~h ka`i Sqetik`a
+Por'ismata}}
+
+\noindent
+Beba'iwc, st`hn po'ihsh <h qr'hsh t~wn kefala'iwn e>~inai diaforetik'h;
+pol\-lo`i s'ugqronoi poiht`ec xekino~un k'aje st'iqo touc m`e <'ena
+kefala~io gr'amma.  >Epeid`h o<i poi\-h\-t`ec p'anta >~htan >ekt`oc
+sumbatik~wn kan'onwn, j`a pr'epei n`a sebasjo~ume t`hn >'apoy'h touc.
+
+>Ak'oma ka`i t`ic <uposhmei'wseic j`a pr'epei n`a t`ic >apofe'ugoume
+st`o m'etro to~u dunato~u.  O<i poll`ec <uposhmei'wseic >apospo~un t`hn
+prosoq`h to~u >anagn'wsth >ap`o t`o k'urio ke'imeno ka`i, >epipl'eon,
+d'inoun t`hn >ent'upwsh <'oti <o suggraf'eac d`en >'eqei sugkrothm'enh
+sk'eyh!
+
+<'Ena shme~io >ak'oma po`u >apaite~i prosoq`h st`hn <etoimas'ia to~u
+k'wdika {\rm\TeX} e>~inai <h >ap'o\-stro\-foc.  >Arqik'a, t`o
+{\rm\TeX} m~ac d'inei t`hn dunat'othta n`a xeqwr'izoume t`hn >ap'ostrofo
+>ap`o t`hn yil'h. <H >ap'ostrofoc  ('') lamb'anetai m`e t`on k'wdika
+{\tt'{}'} ka`i e>~inai k'apwc megal'uterh >ap`o t`hn yil`h (>) po`u
+lamb'anetai m`e t`on k'wdika\NB{\tt>}.  >Ep'ishc, <'opou metax`u d'uo
+l'exewn parousi'azetai >'ekjliyh (p.q., ((j''\NB>ako'usete)){}) >`h
+>afa'iresh (p.q., ((mo~u ''fere)){}), t'ote met`a >`h pr`in t`hn
+>ap'ostrofo >ant'istoiqa, paremb'aletai p'anta <'ena ken`o di'asthma,
+dhl.\ o<i d'uo l'exeic pot`e d`en kollo~un <h m'ia >ep'anw st`hn >'allh.
+ T`o >ant'ijeto >isq'uei st`hn stoiqeiojes'ia >agglik~wn ka`i gallik~wn
+keim'enwn, p.q. (({\rm$\,$C'est par l\`a qu'il s'est
+envol\'e$\,$!}$\,$))
+
+J`a kle'isoume <eto'uth t`hn suz'hthsh m`e d'uo l'ogia gi`a t`o
+polutonik`o ka`i t`o monotonik'o.  T`o n`a gr'afoume, n`a
+daktulografo~ume >`h n`a stoiqeiojeto~ume t`a dik`a mac ke'imena m`e t`o
+<'ena >`h t`o >'allo s'usthma e>~inai dik'h mac >epilog'h.  <'Omwc
+<'otan paraj'etoume st`o >'entup'o mac d'aneia qwr'ia >'allwn
+suggraf'ewn j`a pr'epei n`a seb'omasje t`hn dik'h touc >epilog'h, dhl.\
+t`hn >emf'anish to~u prwtot'upou >ap`o <'opou t`a >antigr'afoume. 
+>'Etsi ka`i t`a >arqa~ia <ellhnik`a ke'imena j`a pr'epei p'anta n`a t`a
+stoiqeiojeto~ume s'umfwna m`e t`o polutonik`o s'usthma ka`i t`hn dik`h
+touc >orjograf'ia. Gi`a par'adeigma, st`hn kajare'uousa <h l'exh {\tengs
+gl~wssa\/} pa'irnei perispwm'enh, >en~w st`o polutonik`o s'usthma t~hc
+dhmotik~hc to~u Triantafull'idh g'inetai: {\tengs gl'wssa\/}!
+
+\subsection{<Ellhnik`a majhmatik`a}
+
+St`o kef'alaio 7, e>'idame p~wc mporo~ume n`a stoiqeiojeto~ume
+majhmatik`ec >ekfr'aseic m`e t`o {\rm \TeX}\null.  E>'idame gi`a
+par'adeigma <'oti <o k'wdikac {\tt\$\\cos \^{}2 x = 1 - \\sin \^{}2 x\$}
+j`a m~ac d'wsei: $\cos^2 x = 1 - \sin^2 x$\null.  <O  s'ugqronoc
+majhmatik`oc sumbolism`oc te'inei n`a g'inei m'ia pagk'osmia gl'wssa.
+Sunep~wc ka`i t`a n'ea <ellhnik`a bibl'ia t~wn majhmatik~wn
+qrhsimopoio~un latinik`a s'umbola <'opwc $\cos$, $\log$, k.lp.  T'i
+g'inetai <'omwc st`hn per'iptwsh po`u k'apoioc >epim'enei n`a j'elei n`a
+sumbol'isei t`o <hm'itono <wc ((hm))?  A>ut`o ka`i merik`a >ak'oma
+probl'hmata po`u sunant~a kane`ic kaj`wc stoiqeiojete~i <ellhnik`a
+majhmatik`a ke'imena j`a t`a >exet'asoume s`e <eto'uth t`hn par'agrafo. 
+
+<H pi`o e>'ukolh l'ush st`o pr'oblhma to~u majhmatiko~u sumb'olou ((hm))
+e>~inai n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume <'ena {\tt\\hbox} >ent`oc t~wn
+majhmatik~wn.  >'Etsi <o k'wdikac {\tt\$\\hbox\lb\\tengr hm\rb \^{}2 x =
+1 - \\hbox\lb\\tengr sun\rb \^{}2 x\$} j`a m~ac d'wsei: $\hbox{\tengr
+hm}^2 x = 1 - \hbox{\tengr sun}^2 x$\null. <Wst'oso a>ut`h <h l'u\-sh
+d`en e>~inai <h pi`o >'omorfh, giat`i t`a diast'hmata po`u b'azei t`o
+{\rm \TeX} g'urw >ap`o t`ic l'exeic--s'umbola ((hm)) ka`i ((sun)) d`en
+e>~inai swst'a (par'' <'oti a>ut`o mpore~i n`a m`hn e>~inai ka`i t'oso
+>emfan`ec). Gi`a n`a l'aboume swst`a diast'hmata, j`a pr'epei n`a
+<or'isoume t`o ((hm)) ka`i t`o ((sun)) <wc l'exeic >el'egqou po`u
+>antiproswpe'uoun e>idik`ec majhmatik`ec sunart'hseic ka`i t`ic <opo~iec
+t`o {\rm \TeX} t`ic <ermhne'uei kat'allhla.  A>ut`o g'inetai m`e t`hn
+bo'hjeia t~hc l'exhc >el'egqou {\tt\\mathop}.\TeXref{361} P.q., m`e
+{\tt\\def\\grsin\lb\\mathop\lb\\hbox\lb\\tengr hm\rb\rb\\nolimits\rb}
+>'eqoume <or'isei m'ia n'ea sq'esh, t`hn {\tt\\grsin} po`u m~ac d'inei
+t`o ((hm)).  <H l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\nolimits} shma'inei p`wc t`o
+s'umbolo ((hm)) d`en >'eqei >'anw >`h/ka`i k'atw <'orio, s`e >ant'ijesh
+m`e >'alla (p.q., $\lim$, $\max$, k.>'a.)\ po`u mporo~un n`a
+>'eqoun.\TeXref{144} Paromo'iwc mporo~ume n`a <or'isoume ka`i m'ia
+>ant'istoiqh l'exh >el'egqou gi`a t`o ((sun)). <Or'iste <'ena pl~hrec
+par'adeigma:
+\toindex{mathop}
+\toindex{nolimits}
+
+\beginuser
+\\def\\grsin\lb\\mathop\lb\\hbox\lb\\tengr hm\rb\rb\\nolimits\rb
+\\def\\grcos\lb\\mathop\lb\\hbox\lb\\tengr sun\rb\rb\\nolimits\rb
+\$\$ \\grcos \^{}2 \\pi = \\grsin \^{}2 (\\pi / 2) = 1 \$\$
+\enduser
+
+\noindent
+<O k'wdikac a>ut`oc d'inei:
+\def\grsin{\mathop{\hbox{\tengr hm}}\nolimits}
+\def\grcos{\mathop{\hbox{\tengr sun}}\nolimits}
+$$ \grcos ^2 \pi = \grsin ^2 (\pi / 2) = 1 $$
+
+<'Ena >ak'oma pr'oblhma po`u mpore~i n`a >antimetwp'isoume kaj`wc
+stoiqeiojeto~ume <'ena <el\-lh\-ni\-k`o majhmatik`o ke'imeno e>~inai <h
+dekadik`h <upodiastol'h.  Gi`a to`uc >Aggloamerik'anouc, <h dekadik`h
+<upodiastol`h sumbol'izetai m`e t`hn tele'ia; >e`an gr'ayoume {\tt\$e =
+2.718\\ldots\$}, t`o {\rm\TeX} --- s`an gn'hsio >Amerikan'aki --- j`a
+m~ac t`o stoiqeiojet'hsei qwr`ic kan'ena pr'oblhma: $ e = 2.718\ldots$ 
+>E`an gr'ayoume <'omwc {\tt\$e = 2,718\\ldots\$}, t'ote j`a l'aboume
+<'ena mikr`o ken`o di'asthma met`a t`o k'omma: $e = 2,718\ldots$\space\
+Gi`a n`a >apof'ugoume a>ut`o t`o pr'oblhma, j`a pr'epei st`on k'wdika
+n`a b'aloume t`o k'omma metax`u d'uo >agkul~wn, dhl.\ gr'afoume {\tt\$e
+= 2\lb,\rb718\\ldots\$} gi`a n`a l'aboume $e = 2{,}718\ldots$
+
+St`o kef'alaio 7 e>'idame >ak'oma <'oti <'ola t`a s'umbola metablht~wn
+st`a majhmatik`a stoiqeiojeto~untai m`e pl'agiouc--kalligrafiko`uc
+qarakt~hrec, >'etsi <'wste, p.q., n`a m`hn g'inetai s'ugqush metax`u
+ginom'enwn ka`i kanoniko~u m`h majhmatiko~u keim'enou.  <'Omwc t`a
+kefala~ia <ellhnik`a gr'ammata d`en bga'inoun pl'agia; p.q., <o k'wdikac
+{\tt\$\\Psi\$} d'inei: $\Psi$\null.  T`a pl'agia <ellhnik`a kefala~ia
+peri'eqontai s`e m'ia grammatoseir`a to~u {\rm\TeX} (ka`i >'oqi to~u
+\greektex) po`u kale~itai m`e t`hn l'exh >el'egqou {\tt\\mit}. 
+Gr'afontac loip'on, {\tt\$\\widehat\lb AB\lb\\mit \\Gamma\rb\rb = \\pi /
+2\$}, lamb'anoume: $\widehat{AB{\mit\Gamma}} = \pi / 2$.
+\toindex{mit}
+
+Pr`in kle'isoume <eto'uth t`hn par'agrafo, >ax'izei n`a >anaferjo~ume
+s`e <'ena >ap`o t`a pi`o suqn`a l'ajh po`u k'anoun o<i <'ellhnec
+majhmatiko'i: >apokalo~un t`o s'umbolo t~hc merik~hc parag'wgou
+((j~hta))!  St`hn pragmatik'othta, t`o s'umbolo a>ut`o e>~inai m'ia
+kalligrafik`h morf`h to~u la\-ti\-ni\-ko~u {\rm d} ka`i >'oqi t`o
+kalligrafik`o j~hta.  >Arke~i n`a dokim'asoume t`on >ak'oloujo k'wdika
+{\tt\$\\partial \\neq \\vartheta\$} gi`a n`a >antilhfjo~ume t`hn
+diafor'a: $\partial \neq \vartheta$\null.  >Afo~u loip`on t`o {\rm\TeX}
+m~ac t`o >epitr'epei, >`ac gr'afoume swst`a t`hn merik`h par'agwgo.
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste:
+%%% \efptm = tan (in Greek: >efaptom'enh)
+%%% \sfptm = cot (in Greek: sunefaptom'enh)
+\def\efptm{\mathop{\hbox{\tengr ef}}\nolimits}
+\def\sfptm{\mathop{\hbox{\tengr sf}}\nolimits}
+$\efptm^2 (\pi / 6) = \sfptm^{-2} (\pi / 6) = 0{,}33333\ldots $
+
+\exercise Stoiqeiojet~hste t`o >ak'oloujo <ellhnik`o ke'imeno:
+
+{\narrower\noindent
+>'Estw k'wnou >isoskelo~uc b'asic <o $AB{\mit \Gamma}$ k'ukloc, koruf`h
+d`e t`o $\mit \Delta$, ka`i di'hqjw tic e>ic a>ut`on e>uje'ia <h $A\mit
+\Gamma$, ka`i >ap`o t~hc koruf~hc >ep`i t`a $A$, $\mit \Gamma$
+>epeze'uqjwsan a<i $A\mit \Delta$, $\mit \Delta\Gamma$; l'egw <'oti t`o
+$A\mit \Delta\Gamma$ tr'igwnon >'ellas'on >estin t~hc >epifane'iac t~hc
+kwnik~hc t~hc metax`u t~wn $A\mit \Delta\Gamma$. (>Arqim'hdhc, {\tengs
+Per`i sfa'irac ka`i kul'indrou}, bibl'io A$'$,\NB{}j)
+
+} % end narrower
+
+\subsection{Mikr`oc >ep'ilogoc gi`a >ep'idoxouc stoiqeioj'etec}
+
+<H stoiqeiojes'ia d`en e>~inai e>'ukolh >ergas'ia.  >Ak'oma ka`i m`e t`o
+{\rm \TeX} poll`ec for`ec j`a qrei\-a\-sje~i n`a paideuto~ume
+prokeim'enou n`a l'aboume <'ena a>isjhtik`a <wra~io >'entupo.  Poll`ec
+for`ec j`a qreiasje~i n`a pa'ixoume m`e <oriz'ontia ka`i katok'orufa
+diast'hmata; >'allec for`ec j`a pr'epei n`a bo\-h\-j'h\-soume t`o
+pr'ogramma st`on sullabism'o (e>idik`a <'otan t`o {\rm \TeX} d`en
+gnwr'izei p~wc n`a sullab'isei <ellhnik`o ke'imeno); >'allec for`ec j`a
+pr'epei n`a y'axoume t`ic a>it'iec po`u d`en m~ac d'inei a>ut`o po`u
+to~u zht~ame (m'hpwc xeq'asame m'ia >agk'ulh >`h <'ena {\tt
+\\par}?)\null.  Qrei'azetai <upomon`h ka`i >epimon'h.  T`a parak'atw
+l'ogia to~u poiht~h Nt'inou Qristian'opoulou >`ac d'inoun kour'agio
+s''\NB{}a>uto`uc po`u >agapo~un t`o >'entupo:
+ 
+{\narrower
+<'Otan ni'wseic p`wc >~hrje pi`a <h <'wra gi`a t`o t'upwma --- ki >afo~u
+>'eqeic pn'ixei pali'otera poll`ec par'omoiec >epijum'iec ka`i d`e
+shk'wnei >'allh >anabol'h --- kajar'ograye t`a poi'hmat'a sou s`e <'ena
+tetr'adio, dane'isou merik`a qili'arika ka`i parak'alese t`on f'ilo sou
+n`a s`e bohj'hsei st`hn >'ekdosh.  Spouda~io pr'ama n`a >'eqeic d'ipla
+sou <'enan >'anjrwpo s`e mi`a t'etoia stigm'h.  >Eg'w, <'otan
+prwtoxek'inhsa m'onoc ki >'apeiroc, p~hga s`e <'ena tupografe~io, m`e
+x'afrisan gi`a kal`a ka`i st`o t'eloc mo~u t'upwsan mi`a >ahd'ia. 
+>Arg'otera kat'alaba <'oti t`o bibl'io j'elei <ol'oklhrh
+>arqitektonik'h.  D`en e>~inai m'ono po`u pr'epei n`a dial'exeic
+tupografe~io, qart'i, sq~hma, gr'ammata, di'ataxh; e>~inai prop'antwn
+o<i diorj'wseic t~wn dokim'iwn, <o tromer`oc >ag'wnac m`e t`a
+tupografik`a l'ajh.  Pr'epei n`a e>ugnwmone~ic t`o f'ilo sou po`u s`a
+qam'alhc >an'elabe <'olec t`ic diorj'wseic ka`i n`a m`hn paraponi'esai
+p`wc to~u x'efugan du`o laj'akia.
+
+} % end narrower
+
+\medskip\leftline{\null\hskip 2.25in 
+\setbox1=\hbox{>Ekd.\ Diagwn'iou, Jessalon'ikh 1991, sel.\ 90--101.}
+\vbox{%
+\hbox to \wd1 {\hfil Nt'inoc Qristian'opouloc \hfil}
+\hbox to \wd1 {\hfil ((Sumboul`ec s'' <'ena n'eo koum'asi)), 
+{\tengs <H k'atw b'olta},\hfil}
+\box1
+}}
+
+\section{Kat'alogoc >akolouji~wn >el'egqou}
+
+Parak'atw d'inontai <'olec o<i >entol'ec (>akolouj'iec >el'egqou:
+s'umbola ka`i l'exeic >el'egqou) po`u parousi'asjhkan st`o >egqeir'idio
+a>ut'o.   Gi`a periss'oterec leptom'ereiec, sumbouleuje~ite ka`i t`on
+>ant'istoiqo jematik`o kat'alogo to~u {\sl \TeX book}.
+
+\vskip 2\baselineskip
+\centerline{{\tengb S'umbola >el'egqou}}
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+\settabs \+ \hskip 1.5 in & \hskip 1.3in & \hskip 1.65in & \cr
+{\tt
+\+  \\\sp{} 4, 41 & \\!\ 41  & \\" 12 & \\' 12    \cr
+\+  \\, 41, 47    & \\.\ 12  & \\/ 18 & \\; 41    \cr
+\+  \\= 12    & \\> 41   & \\\# 11 &  \\\$ 7, 11, 13  \cr
+\+  \\\% 7, 11    & \\\& 11  & \\\char '173{} 11 & \\\char '175{} 11 \cr
+\+  \\\underbar{ } 11 & \\` 12 & \\{\accent "7E} 11 & \\{\accent 94} 11, 12 \cr
+\+  \\| 44, 49 \cr
+}
+
+\vskip 2\baselineskip
+\centerline{{\tengb L'exeic >el'egqou}}
+\vskip\baselineskip
+
+{\tt
+\+ \\AA 13 & \\aa 13 & \\acute 43 & \\AE 13 \cr
+\+ \\ae 13 & \\aleph 44 & \\alpha 42 & \\angle 44 \cr
+\+ \\approx 44 & \\arccos 49 & \\arcsin 49 & \\arctan 49 \cr
+\+ \\arg 49 & \\ast 43 & \\b 13 & \\backslash 44 \cr
+\+ \\bar 43 & \\baselineskip 25 & \\begingreek 93 &\\beta 42 \cr 
+\+ \\bf 17  & \\Biggl 48 & \\biggl 48 & \\Biggr 48 \cr 
+\+ \\biggr 48 & \\Bigl 48 & \\bigl 48 & \\Bigr 48 \cr 
+\+ \\bigr 48 & \\bigskip 29 & \\break 29 & \\breve 43 \cr 
+\+ \\bullet 43 & \\bye 4 & \\c 12 & \\cal 17, 45 \cr
+\+ \\cap 43 & \\catcode 91 & \\cdot 43  & \\cdots 43 \cr
+\+ \\centerline 29 & \\centreline 70 & \\char 96 & \\check 43 \cr
+\+ \\chi 42 & \\circ 43 & \\columns 56 & \\cos 49 \cr
+\+ \\cosh 49 & \\cot 49 & \\coth 49 & \\csc 49 \cr
+\+ \\cup 43 & \\d 13 & \\dag 31 & \\ddag 31 \cr 
+\+ \\ddot 43 & \\def 64 & \\deg 49 & \\Delta 42 \cr
+\+ \\delta 42 & \\det 49 & \\diamond 43 & \\digamma 96 \cr
+\+ \\dim 49 & \\display 94 & \\div 43 & \\dot 43 \cr
+\+ \\dotfill 58 & \\dots 15 & \\Downarrow 49 & \\downarrow 49 \cr
+\+ \\eject 22 & \\ell 44 & \\enddisplay 94 & \\endgreek 93 \cr
+\+ \\endinsert 28 & \\epsilon 42 & \\eqalign 54 & \\eqalignno 54 \cr
+\+ \\eqno 54 & \\equiv 44 & \\eta 42 & \\exists 44 \cr
+\+ \\exp 49 & \\flat 44 & \\folio 32 & \\font 18 \cr
+\+ \\footline 32 & \\footnote 31 & \\forall 44 & \\Gamma 42 \cr
+\+ \\gamma 42 & \\gcd 49 & \\geq 44 & \\gr 93 \cr
+\+ \\grave 43 & \\greekdelims 94 & \\H 13 & \\halign 60 \cr
+\+ \\hang 26 & \\hangafter 26 & \\hangindent 26 & \\hat 43 \cr
+\+ \\hbadness 33 & \\hbox 83 & \\headline 32 & \\hfil 30 \cr
+\+ \\hfill 29, 57 & \\hfuzz 34 & \\hoffset 23 & \\hom 49 \cr
+\+ \\hrule 81 & \\hrulefill 58 & \\hsize 22 & \\hskip 30 \cr
+\+ \\hyphenation 34 & \\i 12 & \\Im 44 & \\in 44 \cr
+\+ \\inf 49 & \\infty 44 & \\input 78 & \\int 46 \cr
+\+ \\iota 42 & \\it 17 & \\item 27 & \\itemitem 27 \cr
+\+ \\j 12 & \\kappa 42 & \\ker 49 & \\Koppa 96 \cr
+\+ \\koppa 96 & \\L 13 & \\l 13 & \\Lambda 42 \cr
+\+ \\lambda 42 & \\langle 49 & \\lceil 49 & \\ldots 43 \cr
+\+ \\left 52 & \\leftline 29 & \\leftskip 25 & \\leq 44 \cr
+\+ \\leqalignno 55 & \\leqno 54 & \\let 70 & \\lfloor 49 \cr
+\+ \\lg 49 & \\lim 46, 49 & \\liminf 49 & \\limsup 49 \cr
+\+ \\line 29 & \\ln 49 & \\log 49 & \\lower 87 \cr
+\+ \\magnification 23 & \\magstep 18 & \\math 94 & \\mathop 100 \cr
+\+ \\matrix 52 & \\max 49 & \\medskip 29 & \\min 49 \cr
+\+ \\mit 101 & \\moveleft 87 & \\moveright 62, 87 & \\mu 42 \cr
+\+ \\nabla 44 & \\narrower 25 & \\natural 44 & \\neg 44 \cr
+\+ \\ni 44 & \\noalign 61 & \\noindent 25 & \\nolimits 100 \cr
+\+ \\nopagenumbers 6 & \\not 43 & \\nu 42 & \\null 16 \cr
+\+ \\O 13 &  \\o 13 & \\obeylines 30 & \\odot 43 \cr
+\+ \\OE 13 & \\oe 13 & \\offinterlineskip 62 & \\Omega 42 \cr
+\+ \\omega 42 & \\ominus 43 & \\oplus 43 & \\otimes 43 \cr 
+\+ \\over 45 & \\overfullrule 34 & \\overline 47 & \\P 31 \cr
+\+ \\pageno 32 & \\par 9 & \\parallel 44 & \\parindent 25 \cr
+\+ \\parshape 27 & \\parskip 25 & \\partial 44 & \\perp 44 \cr
+\+ \\Phi 42 & \\phi 42 & \\Pi 42 & \\pi 42 \cr 
+\+ \\pmatrix 51 & \\Pr 49 & \\proclaim 50 & \\Psi 42 \cr 
+\+ \\psi 42 & \\qquad 41 & \\quad 41 & \\raggedright 30 \cr
+\+ \\raise 87 & \\rangle 49 & \\rceil 49 & \\Re 44 \cr
+\+ \\rfloor 49 & \\rho 42 & \\right 52 & \\rightline 29 \cr 
+\+ \\rightskip 25 & \\rm 17 & \\root 47 & \\S 31 \cr
+\+ \\sampi 96 & scaled 18 & \\sec 49 & \\settabs 56 \cr
+\+ \\sharp 44 & \\Sigma 42 & \\sigma 42 & \\sim 44 \cr
+\+ \\simeq 44 & \\sin 49 & \\sinh 49 &  \\sl 17 \cr
+\+ \\smallskip 29 & \\sqrt 47 & \\ss 13 & \\star 43 \cr
+\+ \\stigma 96 & \\strut 59 & \\subset 44 & \\subseteq 44 \cr 
+\+ \\sum 46 & \\sup 49 & \\supset 44 & \\supseteq 44 \cr
+\+ \\surd 47 & \\t 13 & \\tan 49 & \\tanh 49 \cr
+\+ \\tau 42 & \\tensor 70 & \\TeX 4 & \\the 32 \cr
+\+ \\Theta 42 & \\theta 42 & \\tilde 43 & \\times 43 \cr
+\+ \\to 45 & \\tolerance 34 & \\topinsert 28 & \\tt 17 \cr
+\+ \\u 13 & \\underbar 48 & \\underline 47 & \\Uparrow 49 \cr
+\+ \\uparrow 49 & \\Updownarrow 49 & \\updownarrow 49 & \\Upsilon 42 \cr
+\+ \\upsilon 42 & \\v 13 & \\varepsilon 42 & \\varkoppa 96 \cr
+\+ \\varphi 42 & \\varrho 42 & \\varsigma 42 & \\vartheta 42 \cr
+\+ \\vbadness 35 & \\vbox 84 & \\vec 43 & \\vee 43 \cr
+\+ \\vfill 22 & \\vglue 28 & \\voffset 23 & \\vrule 82 \cr
+\+ \\vsize 23 & \\vtop 86 & \\wedge 43 & \\widehat 43 \cr
+\+ \\widetilde 43 & \\Xi 42 &  \\xi 42 & \\zeta 42 \cr
+}
+
+\ifwritinganswers
+   \let\next=\relax
+\else
+   \let\next=\endinput
+   \datestamp
+\fi
+
+\next
+
+\def\beginliteral{
+\vskip\baselineskip
+\begingroup
+\obeylines
+\tt
+\catcode`\@=0\catcode`\~=12
+\catcode`\$=12\catcode`\&=12\catcode`\^=12\catcode`\#=12
+\catcode`\_=12\catcode`\=12
+\def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}
+\catcode`\{=12\catcode`\}=12\catcode`\%=12\catcode`\\=12
+}
+\def\endliteral{\nobreak \vskip 6pt \endgroup}
+
+
+\section{D~ws'' mou t`o q'eri sou}
+
+Parak'atw d'inontai o<i l'useic <orism'enwn >ask'hsewn. Poll`ec >ap`o
+a>ut`ec t`ic >ask'hseic l'unontai m`e diaf'orouc tr'opouc.  >E`an
+protim~ate t`on dik'o sac tr'opo, t'ote m`hn dist'azete n`a t`on
+qrhsimopoi'hsete --- >arke~i t`o >apot'elesma n`a s~ac <ikanopoie~i!
+\vskip 2\baselineskip
+
+%%% Here we switch back to roman (DF)
+\rm 
+\catcode`\~=13
+\parskip=0pt 
+\parindent=0pt
+\begingroup\raggedright
+\hbadness=10000
+
+\hrule
+\beginliteral
+I like \TeX!
+Once you get the hang of it, \TeX{} is really easy to use.
+You just have to master the \TeX nical aspects.
+@endliteral
+I like \TeX! Once you get the hang of it, \TeX{} is really easy
+to use. You just have to master the \TeX nical aspects.
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+Does \AE schylus understand \OE dipus?
+@endliteral
+Does \AE schylus understand \OE dipus?
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+The smallest internal unit of \TeX{} is about 53.63 \AA.
+@endliteral
+The smallest internal unit of \TeX{} is about 53.63 \AA.
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+They took some honey and plenty of money wrapped up in a {\it \$}5 note.
+@endliteral
+They took some honey and plenty of money wrapped up in a {\it \$}5 note.
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+\'El\`eves, refusez vos le\c cons! Jetez vos cha\^\i nes!
+@endliteral
+\'El\`eves, refusez vos le\c cons! Jetez vos cha\^\i nes!
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+Za\v sto tako polako pijete \v caj?
+@endliteral
+Za\v sto tako polako pijete \v caj?
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+ 
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+Mein Tee ist hei\ss.
+@endliteral
+Mein Tee ist hei\ss.
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+ 
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+Peut-\^etre qu'il pr\'ef\`ere le caf\'e glac\'e.
+@endliteral
+Peut-\^etre qu'il pr\'ef\`ere le caf\'e glac\'e.
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+?@begingroup`@endgroup Por qu\'e no bebes vino blanco? !@begingroup`@endgroup Porque est\'a avinagrado!
+@endliteral
+?`Por qu\'e no bebes vino blanco? !`Porque est\'a avinagrado!
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+M\'\i\'\j n idee\"en wordt niet be\"\i nvloed.
+@endliteral
+M\'\i\'\j n idee\"en wordt niet be\"\i nvloed.
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule
+\beginliteral
+ Can you take a ferry from \"Oland to \AA land? 
+@endliteral 
+ Can you take a ferry from \"Oland to \AA land? 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+ T\"urk\c ce konu\c san ye\u genler nasillar? 
+@endliteral 
+ T\"urk\c ce konu\c san ye\u genler nasillar? 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+ I entered the room and---horrors---I saw both my father-in-law and my 
+mother-in-law. 
+@endliteral 
+ I entered the room and---horrors---I saw both my father-in-law and my 
+mother-in-law. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+The winter of 1484--1485 was one of discontent. 
+@endliteral 
+The winter of 1484--1485 was one of discontent. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+His ``thoughtfulness'' was impressive. 
+@endliteral 
+His ``thoughtfulness'' was impressive. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+ Frank wondered, ``Is this a girl that can't say `No!'?'' 
+@endliteral 
+ Frank wondered, ``Is this a girl that can't say `No!'?'' 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+ He thought, ``\dots and this goes on forever, perhaps to the last recorded 
+syllable.'' 
+@endliteral 
+ He thought, ``\dots and this goes on forever, perhaps to the last recorded 
+syllable.'' 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+ Have you seen Ms.~Jones? 
+@endliteral 
+ Have you seen Ms.~Jones? 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+Prof.~Smith and Dr.~Gold flew from 
+Halifax N.~S. to Montr\'eal, P.~Q. via Moncton, N.~B. 
+@endliteral 
+Prof.~Smith and Dr.~Gold flew from 
+Halifax N.~S. to Montr\'eal, P.~Q. via Moncton, N.~B. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\line{left end \hfil left tackle \hfil left guard \hfil @centre \hfil 
+right guard \hfil right tackle \hfil right end} 
+@endliteral 
+\line{left end \hfil left tackle \hfil left guard \hfil \centre{} \hfil 
+right guard \hfil right tackle \hfil right end} 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\line{left \hfil \hfil right-@centre \hfil right} 
+@endliteral 
+\line{left \hfil \hfil right-\centre{} \hfil right} 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\line{\hskip 1 in ONE \hfil TWO \hfil THREE} 
+@endliteral 
+\line{\hskip 1 in ONE \hfil TWO \hfil THREE} 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+i{f}f if{}f if{f} 
+@endliteral 
+i{f}f if{}f if{f} 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+I started with roman type {\it switched to italic type}, and 
+returned to roman type. 
+@endliteral 
+I started with roman type {\it switched to italic type}, and 
+returned to roman type. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$C(n,r) = n!/(r!\,(n-r)!)$ 
+@endliteral 
+$C(n,r) = n!/(r!\,(n-r)!)$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$a+b=c-d=xy=w/z$ 
+$$a+b=c-d=xy=w/z$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$a+b=c-d=xy=w/z$ 
+$$a+b=c-d=xy=w/z$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$(fg)' = f'g + fg'$ 
+$$(fg)' = f'g + fg'$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$(fg)' = f'g + fg'$ 
+$$(fg)' = f'g + fg'$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\alpha\beta=\gamma+\delta$ 
+$$\alpha\beta=\gamma+\delta$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$\alpha\beta=\gamma+\delta$ 
+$$\alpha\beta=\gamma+\delta$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!$ 
+$$\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!$ 
+$$\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$x\wedge (y\vee z) = (x\wedge y) \vee (x\wedge z)$ 
+@endliteral 
+$x\wedge (y\vee z) = (x\wedge y) \vee (x\wedge z)$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$2+4+6+\cdots +2n = n(n+1)$ 
+@endliteral 
+$2+4+6+\cdots +2n = n(n+1)$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\vec x\cdot \vec y  = 0$ if and only if $\vec x \perp \vec y$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\vec x\cdot \vec y  = 0$ if and only if $\vec x \perp \vec y$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\vec x\cdot \vec y \not= 0$ if and only if $\vec x \not\perp \vec y$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\vec x\cdot \vec y \not= 0$ if and only if $\vec x \not\perp \vec y$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$(\forall x\in \Re)(\exists y\in\Re)$ $y>x$. 
+@endliteral 
+$(\forall x\in \Re)(\exists y\in\Re)$ $y>x$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+${a+b\over c}\quad {a\over b+c}\quad {1\over a+b+c} \not= {1\over a}+ 
+{1\over b}+{1\over c}$. 
+@endliteral 
+${a+b\over c}\quad {a\over b+c}\quad {1\over a+b+c} \not= {1\over a}+ 
+{1\over b}+{1\over c}$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+What are the points where ${\partial \over \partial x} f(x,y) = {\partial \over 
+\partial y} f(x,y) = 0$? 
+@endliteral 
+What are the points where ${\partial \over \partial x} f(x,y) = {\partial \over 
+\partial y} f(x,y) = 0$? 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$e^x \quad e^{-x} \quad e^{i\pi}+1=0 \quad x_0 \quad x_0^2 
+\quad {x_0}^2 \quad 2^{x^x}$. 
+@endliteral 
+$e^x \quad e^{-x} \quad e^{i\pi}+1=0 \quad x_0 \quad x_0^2 
+\quad {x_0}^2 \quad 2^{x^x}$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\nabla^2 f(x,y) = {\partial^2 f \over\partial x^2}+ {\partial^2 f \over 
+\partial y^2}$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\nabla^2 f(x,y) = {\partial^2 f \over\partial x^2}+ {\partial^2 f \over 
+\partial y^2}$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\lim_{x\to 0} (1+x)^{1\over x}=e$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\lim_{x\to 0} (1+x)^{1\over x}=e$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+The cardinality of $(-\infty, \infty)$ is $\aleph_1$. 
+@endliteral 
+The cardinality of $(-\infty, \infty)$ is $\aleph_1$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\lim_{x\to {0^+}} x^x = 1$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\lim_{x\to {0^+}} x^x = 1$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\int_0^1 3x^2\,dx = 1$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\int_0^1 3x^2\,dx = 1$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\sqrt2 \quad \sqrt {x+y\over x-y} \quad \root 3 \of {10}$ \quad $e^{\sqrt x}$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\sqrt2 \quad \sqrt {x+y\over x-y} \quad \root 3 \of {10}$ \quad $e^{\sqrt x}$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\|x\| = \sqrt{x\cdot x}$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\|x\| = \sqrt{x\cdot x}$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\phi(t) = {1 \over \sqrt{2\pi}} \int_0^t e^{-x^2/2}\,dx$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\phi(t) = {1 \over \sqrt{2\pi}} \int_0^t e^{-x^2/2}\,dx$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\underline x \quad \overline y \quad \underline{\overline{x+y}}$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\underline x \quad \overline y \quad \underline{\overline{x+y}}$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\bigl \lceil \lfloor x \rfloor \bigr \rceil \leq \bigl \lfloor \lceil x \rceil 
+\bigr \rfloor$. 
+@endliteral 
+$\bigl \lceil \lfloor x \rfloor \bigr \rceil \leq \bigl \lfloor \lceil x \rceil 
+\bigr \rfloor$. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin\theta\cos\theta 
+\quad \cos(2\theta) = 2\cos^2\theta - 1  $. 
+@endliteral 
+$\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin\theta\cos\theta 
+\quad \cos(2\theta) = 2\cos^2\theta - 1  $. 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$$\int \csc^2x\, dx = -\cot x+ C 
+\qquad \lim_{\alpha\to 0} {\sin\alpha \over \alpha} = 1 
+\qquad \lim_{\alpha\to \infty} {\sin\alpha \over \alpha} = 0.$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$$\int \csc^2x\, dx = -\cot x+ C 
+\qquad \lim_{\alpha\to 0} {\sin\alpha \over \alpha} = 1 
+\qquad \lim_{\alpha\to \infty} {\sin\alpha \over \alpha} = 0.$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$$\tan(2\theta) = {2\tan\theta \over 1-\tan^2\theta}.$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$$\tan(2\theta) = {2\tan\theta \over 1-\tan^2\theta}.$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\proclaim Theorem (Euclid). There exist an infinite number of primes. 
+@endliteral 
+\proclaim Theorem (Euclid). There exist an infinite number of primes. 
+  
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\proclaim Proposition 1. 
+$\root n \of {\prod_{i=1}^n X_i} \leq 
+{1 \over n} \sum_{i=1}^n X_i$ with equality if and only if $X_1=\cdots=X_n$. 
+@endliteral 
+\proclaim Proposition 1. 
+$\root n \of {\prod_{i=1}^n X_i} \leq 
+{1 \over n} \sum_{i=1}^n X_i$ with equality if and only if $X_1=\cdots=X_n$. 
+
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$$ I_4 = \pmatrix{ 
+1 &0 &0 &0 \cr 
+0 &1 &0 &0 \cr 
+0 &0 &1 &0 \cr 
+0 &0 &0 &1 \cr}$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$$ I_4 = \pmatrix{ 
+1 &0 &0 &0 \cr 
+0 &1 &0 &0 \cr 
+0 &0 &1 &0 \cr 
+0 &0 &0 &1 \cr}$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+$$ |x| = \left\{ \matrix{ 
+x & x \ge 0 \cr 
+-x & x \le 0 \cr} \right.$$ 
+@endliteral 
+$$ |x| = \left\{ \matrix{ 
+x & x \ge 0 \cr 
+-x & x \le 0 \cr} \right.$$ 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\settabs \+ \hskip 2 in & \hskip .75in & \hskip 1cm& \cr 
+\+ &Plums &\hfill\$1&.22 \cr 
+\+ &Coffee &\hfill1&.78 \cr 
+\+ &Granola &\hfill1&.98 \cr 
+\+ &Mushrooms & &.63 \cr 
+\+ &{Kiwi fruit} & &.39 \cr 
+\+ &{Orange juice} &\hfill1&.09 \cr 
+\+ &Tuna &\hfill1&.29 \cr 
+\+ &Zucchini & &.64 \cr 
+\+ &Grapes &\hfill1&.69 \cr 
+\+ &{Smoked beef} & &.75 \cr 
+\+ &Broccoli &\hfill\underbar{\ \ 1}&\underbar{.09} \cr
+\+ &Total &\hfill \$12&.55 \cr
+@endliteral
+\settabs \+ \hskip 2 in & \hskip .75in & \hskip 1cm& \cr 
+\+ &Plums &\hfill\$1&.22 \cr 
+\+ &Coffee &\hfill1&.78 \cr 
+\+ &Granola &\hfill1&.98 \cr 
+\+ &Mushrooms & &.63 \cr 
+\+ &{Kiwi fruit} & &.39 \cr 
+\+ &{Orange juice} &\hfill1&.09 \cr 
+\+ &Tuna &\hfill1&.29 \cr 
+\+ &Zucchini & &.64 \cr 
+\+ &Grapes &\hfill1&.69 \cr 
+\+ &{Smoked beef} & &.75 \cr 
+\+ &Broccoli &\hfill\underbar{\ \ 1}&\underbar{.09} \cr 
+\+ &Total &\hfill \$12&.55 \cr 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\settabs \+ \hskip 4.5 in & \cr 
+\+Getting Started \dotfill &1 \cr 
+\+All Characters Great and Small \dotfill &9 \cr 
+@endliteral 
+\settabs \+ \hskip 4.5 in & \cr 
+\+Getting Started \dotfill &1 \cr 
+\+All Characters Great and Small \dotfill &9 \cr 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\settabs \+ \hskip 1cm&\hskip 1 cm&\hskip 1 cm& \cr 
+\moveright 2 in 
+\vbox{ 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm 
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm 
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm 
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+} 
+@endliteral 
+\settabs \+ \hskip 1cm&\hskip 1 cm&\hskip 1 cm& \cr 
+\moveright 2 in 
+\vbox{ 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm 
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm 
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+\+  \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm & \vrule height 1 cm 
+  & \vrule height 1 cm \cr 
+\hrule width 3 cm 
+} 
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule 
+  
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral 
+\def\boxtext#1{% 
+\vbox{% 
+      \hrule 
+      \hbox{\strut \vrule{} #1 \vrule}% 
+      \hrule 
+     }% 
+} 
+\moveright 2 in \vbox{\offinterlineskip 
+\hbox{\boxtext{6}\boxtext{1}\boxtext {8}} 
+\hbox{\boxtext{7}\boxtext{5}\boxtext{3}} 
+\hbox{\boxtext{2}\boxtext{9}\boxtext{4}} 
+} 
+@endliteral 
+\def\boxtext#1{% 
+\vbox{% 
+      \hrule 
+      \hbox{\strut \vrule{} #1 \vrule}% 
+      \hrule 
+     }%
+}
+\moveright 2 in \vbox{\offinterlineskip
+\hbox{\boxtext 6\boxtext 1\boxtext 8}
+\hbox{\boxtext 7\boxtext 5\boxtext 3}
+\hbox{\boxtext 2\boxtext 9\boxtext 4}
+}
+\vskip \baselineskip \hrule
+
+\goodbreak \vskip 2pt \hrule 
+\beginliteral
+{\leftskip=2in\obeylines\tengr
+\qquad n'oon d`e \digamma a'utw
+p'ampan >a'errei
+}
+@endliteral
+{\leftskip=2in\obeylines\tengr
+\qquad n'oon d`e \digamma a'utw
+p'ampan >a'errei
+}
+\endgroup % end raggedright
+
+\datestamp
+\bye