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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2014-11-13 23:53:39 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2014-11-13 23:53:39 +0000 |
commit | e0056016e425d97e79d80fdee01acf4cd84c1d8d (patch) | |
tree | c6024370d669e546e6c66fca1784ec0a980e8694 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/impatient-cn/usebook.tex | |
parent | c3397e2195329b400975b069f1f6e3b2092f84a8 (diff) |
impatient-cn (13nov14)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@35576 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/impatient-cn/usebook.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/impatient-cn/usebook.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..146044c0ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/plain/impatient-cn/usebook.tex @@ -0,0 +1,413 @@ +% -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +% This is part of the book TeX for the Impatient. +% Copyright (C) 2003 Paul W. Abrahams, Kathryn A. Hargreaves, Karl Berry. +% See file fdl.tex for copying conditions. + +\input macros +%\chapter{Using this book} +\chapter{使用本书} + +\chapterdef{usebook} + +%This book is a do-it-yourself guide and handbook for \TeX. +%Here in this section we tell you how to use the book to maximum advantage. + +本书是一本介绍 \TeX{} 的自学手册。 +在本章中, 我们将指导你如何更好地使用本书。 + +% We recommend that you first either read or skim in sequence Sections +% \chapternum{usebook} through \chapternum{examples}, +% which tell you what you need to know in order to get started using \TeX. +% If you've already had experience using \TeX, it will still be helpful +% to know what kinds of information are in these sections of the book. +% Sections~\chapternum{concepts}--\chapternum{tips}, which +% occupy most of +% the rest of the book, are designed to be accessed randomly. +% Nevertheless, if you're the kind of person who likes to read reference manuals, +% you'll find that it \emph{is} possible to proceed sequentially if you're +% willing to take a lot of detours at first. + +我们建议你先阅读或浏览 \chapternum{usebook} 到 \chapternum{examples}章, +这些地方会告诉你如何上手 \TeX。 +如果你已经使用过 \TeX, 这些地方仍会值得一看, +至少你可以知道这些章节介绍了些什么内容。 +%本书的重头戏是\chapternum{concepts}--\chapternum{tips}章, +%这些章节可以任意选择地进行阅读. +其余部分,主要是\chapternum{concepts}--\chapternum{tips}章, +可以有选择地翻阅。 +当然, 如果你是一个很喜爱阅读参考手册的人, +你会发现从头到尾地把这本书阅读一遍\emph{是}完全可行的, +当然你会为此在开头学习时绕些弯路。 + +% In \chapterref{usingtex}, ``Using \TeX'', +% we explain how to produce a \TeX\ document from a +% \TeX{} input file. +% We also describe the conventions for preparing that input file, +% explain a little about how \TeX{} works, and tell you about additional +% resources that are available. +% Reading this section will help you understand +% the examples in the next section. + +在\chapterref{usingtex},``使用 \TeX'', +我们解释如何把一个 \TeX{} 输入文件转为一个 \TeX{} 文档。 +%我们还讲述了准备这个输入文件的惯例, +我们还讲述了准备输入文件的一些习惯, +简要地解释了 \TeX{} 是如何工作的, 告诉你可以获取的其它资源信息。 +阅读了这个章节, 会有助于你理解下一个章节的例子。 + +% \chapterref{examples}, ``Examples'', +% contains a sequence of +% examples that illustrate the use of \TeX. +% Each example consists of a page of output +% together with the input that we used to create it. +% These examples will orient you and help you +% locate the more detailed material that you'll need as you go. +% By seeing which commands are used in the input, you'll know +% where to look for more detailed information on how to achieve +% the effects shown in the output. +% The +% examples can also serve as models for simple documents, although we must +% caution you that +% because we've tried to pack a variety of \TeX\ commands into a small +% number of pages, +% the examples are not necessarily illustrations of good or complete +% document~design. + +\chapterref{examples}, ``例子'', +包括了一系列的例子来描述 \TeX{} 的功用. +每个例子包括了一页的输出内容, 也包括了输出该页内容所输入的源代码. +这些例子会指导你且帮助你找到你所需要的更详细的资料. +通过观察输入使用了什么命令, +你会知道在哪里能够找到输出效果所使用方法的更详细的信息. +这些例子也可以作为简单的文档的模版, 当然我们必需提醒你, +因为我们尝试把很多的 \TeX{} 命令放在这几页纸中, +这些例子不可能描述好的或者完整的文档设计. + +% As you read the explanation of a command, you may encounter +% some unfamiliar technical terms. +% In \chapterref{concepts}, ``Concepts'', +% we define and explain these terms. +% We also discuss other topics that aren't covered +% elsewhere in the book. +% The inside back cover of the book contains a list of all the +% concepts and the pages where they are described. +% We suggest that you make a copy of this list and keep it nearby +% so that you'll be able to identify and look up an unfamiliar +% concept immediately. + +当你看这些命令的解释时, 你会遇到很多不熟悉的技术术语. +在 \chapterref{concepts}, ``概念''中, 我们定义并解释了这些术语. +我们同时还讨论了本书其它地方没有涉及到的话题. +本书书背内页列出了所有的概念名称以及它们所出现的位置. +我们建议你把书背内页复印下来, 放在旁边, +这样你就能在遇到不熟悉的概念时马上查找到它们. + +% \TeX's commands are its primary vocabulary, +% and the largest part of this book is +% devoted to explaining them. In Sections~\chapternum{paras} +% through~\chapternum{general} we describe the commands. +% You'll find general information about the command descriptions +% on \xrefpg{cmddesc}. +% The command descriptions are arranged +% functionally, rather like a thesaurus, so if you know what you want to +% do but you don't know which command does it for you, you can use the +% table of contents to guide you to the right group of commands. +% Commands that we think are both particularly useful and easy to understand +% are indicated with a pointing~hand~(\hand). + +\TeX{} 的命令是它的主要词汇, 本书最主要的部分就是用来解释这些命令. +从第~\chapternum{paras}~章到第~\chapternum{general}~章, 我们解释了这些命令. +你可以在\xrefpg{cmddesc}找到命令描述的描述惯例. +这些命令根据功能分门别类, 而不是按字典顺序, +所以如果你知道你想做什么, 但不知那该用什么命令, +你可以使用目录来引导你找到正确的命令组. +我们给我们认为常用且容易理解的命令标上了一个手形符号~(\hand). + +%\chapterref{capsule}, ``Capsule summary of commands'', is a +%specialized index that complements the more complete descriptions +%in Sections~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general}. +%It lists \TeX's commands +%alphabetically, with a brief explanation of each command +%and a reference to the page +%where it is described more completely. The capsule summary +%will help you when you just want a quick reminder of what a command +%does. +\chapterref{capsule}为``命令速查表'',这个专门的索引与% +第~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general}~章的更完整描述相辅相成。 +在这一章中按字母顺序列出了各个 \TeX\ 命令及其简要解释, +并给出该命令的详细描述所在的页码。 +此速查表可以让你快速知道某个命令的作用。 + +%\TeX{} is a complex program that occasionally works its will in +%mysterious ways. +%In \chapterref{tips}, ``Tips and techniques'', +%we provide advice on solving a variety of specific +%problems that you may encounter from time to time. +%And if you're stumped by +%\TeX's error messages, you'll find succor in \chapterref{errors}, +%``Making sense of error messages''. +\TeX{} 是个复杂的程序,偶尔地会以诡异的方式工作。 +在\chapterref{tips},``建议和技巧''中, +对一系列你时不时会遇到的特定的问题,我们提供了一些建议。 +而若你被 \TeX\ 的错误信息难住了, +\chapterref{errors},``理解错误信息''将给你提供帮助。 + +%The gray tabs on the side of the book will help you locate parts of the +%book quickly. They divide the book into the following major parts: +%\olist +%\li general explanations and examples +%\li concepts +%\li descriptions of commands (five shorter tabs) +%\li advice, error messages, and the |eplain.tex| macros +%\li capsule summary of commands +%\li index +%\endolist +页边的灰色标签可以帮你快速定位到本书各个部分。 +它们将本书划分为下面几个主要部分: +\olist +\li 总体的说明和例子 +\li 概念 +\li 命令描述(五个短标签) +\li 建议,错误信息和 |eplain.tex| 宏集 +\li 命令速查表 +\li 索引 +\endolist + +%In many places we have provided page references to +%^{\texbook} (see \xrefpg{resources} for a citation). +%These references apply to the seventeenth edition of \texbook. +%For other editions, some references may be off by a page or two. +在很多地方我们都给出了到^{\texbook} 的页码索引 +(要引用该书可以见\xrefpg{resources})。 +这些索引适用于\texbook\ 第十七次印刷版。 +对于其它版本,有的索引可能相差一两页。 + + +%\section Syntactic conventions +\section 语法约定 + +%In any book about preparing input for a computer, +%it's necessary to indicate clearly the literal characters that should be typed +%and to distinguish those characters from the explanatory text. +%We use the Computer Modern typewriter font for {\tt literal input +%like this}, and also for the names of \TeX{} commands. +%When there's any possibility of confusion, we enclose \TeX{} +%input in single quotation marks, `{\tt like this}'. +%However, we occasionally use parentheses when we're indicating single +%characters such as (|`|) (you can see why). +在任何涉及到为计算机准备输入的书籍中, +都得明确区分哪些字符是需要逐字输入的,而哪些字符属于解释性文本。 +我们用计算机现代打字机字体显示文字输入,比如{\tt literal input}, +以及\TeX\ 命令名。在可能导致混淆的地方, +我们将 \TeX\ 命令用单引号围起来,比如`{\tt like this}'。 +然而,在表示单个字符时,我们偶尔也会用括号将它围起来, +比如(|`|)(其原因你容易明白)。 + +%For the sake of your eyes we usually just put spaces +%where you should put spaces. In some places where +%we need to emphasize the space, however, +%we use a `\visiblespace' character +%{\catcode `\ =\other\pix^^| |}% +%to indicate it. +%Naturally enough, this character is called a \emph{visible space}. +%\pix^^{spaces//visible} +通常我们按照你输入空格的方式显示空格,以免让你看花眼。 +但为了强调某些空格,我们用`\visiblespace'字符表示它。 +\ifoldeplain{\catcode `\ =\other\pix^^| |}\fi% +这个字符很自然地被称为\emph{可见空格}. +\pix^^{空格//可见空格} + + +%\section Descriptions of the commands +\section 命令描述 + +\xrdef{cmddesc} +%Sections~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general} contain +%a description of what nearly every \TeX{} command does. ^^{commands} +%Both the primitive commands ^^{primitive//command} +%and those of ^{\plainTeX} are covered. +%The primitive commands are those built into the \TeX{} computer program, while +%the \plainTeX{} commands are defined in a standard file of +%auxiliary definitions (see \xref\plainTeX). +%The only commands we've omitted are those that are used purely locally +%in the definition of \plainTeX\ (\knuth{Appendix~B}). +%The commands are organized as follows: +第~\chapternum{paras}--\chapternum{general}~章描述了几乎每个\TeX\ 命令, +^^{命令}包括原始命令^^{原始的//原始命令}和 ^{\plainTeX} 命令。 +原始命令是那些内建于 \TeX\ 程序中的命令, +而 \plainTeX{} 命令是那些在标准辅助定义文件中定义的命令(见\xref\plainTeX )。 +我们仅仅忽略那些只在\plainTeX\ (\knuth{附录~B})定义中用到的局部命令。 +这些命令分为如下几部分: +%\ulist\compact +%\li ``Commands for composing paragraphs'', \chapterref{paras}, +%deal with characters, words, lines, and entire paragraphs. +%\li ``Commands for composing pages'', \chapterref{pages}, +%deal with pages, their components, and the output routine. +%\li ``Commands for horizontal and vertical modes'', \chapterref{hvmodes}, +%have corresponding or identical +%forms for both horizontal modes (paragraphs and hboxes) and vertical +%modes (pages and vboxes). +%These commands provide boxes, spaces, rules, leaders, +%and alignments. +%\li ``Commands for composing math formulas'', \chapterref{math}, +%provide capabilities for constructing math formulas. +%\li ``Commands for general operations'', \chapterref{general}, +%provide +%\TeX's programming features and +%everything else that doesn't fit into any of the other sections. +%\endulist +\ulist\compact +\li \chapterref{paras},``组段命令'',介绍字符、单词、文本行和整个段落。 +\li \chapterref{pages},``组页命令'',介绍页面及其组成部分,以及输出例行程序。 +\li \chapterref{hvmodes},``水平和竖直模式命令'', +介绍水平模式(段落和水平盒子)和竖直模式(页面和竖直盒子)中对应或等同的命令。 +这些命令提供了盒子、间隔、标线、指引线和对齐。 +\li \chapterref{math},``数学公式命令'',介绍构造数学公式的命令。 +\li \chapterref{general},``一般操作命令'', +介绍 \TeX\ 的编程功能以及不适合放在其他部分的命令。 +\endulist +%You should think of these categories as being suggestive rather than +%rigorous, because the commands don't really fit neatly into these +%(or any other) categories. +你应该将这些分类视为提示性的而不是严格的, +因为把命令都归入这些(或者其他)类别并不完全合适。 + +%Within each section, the descriptions of the commands are organized +%by function. When several commands are closely related, they are described as +%a group; otherwise, each command has its own explanation. +%The description of each command +%includes one or more examples and the output +%produced by each example when examples are appropriate (for +%some commands they aren't). +%When you are looking at a subsection containing functionally related +%commands, be sure to check the end of a subsection for a ``see also'' +%item that refers you to related commands that are described elsewhere. +各章的命令描述按照其功能组织。 +当几个命令密切相关时,它们合起来介绍;否则,每个命令分别解释。 +命令的描述中包含一个或多个例子,可能还有例子的输出% +(对有些例子这并不可行)。 +若某节内容涉及到功能上相关的其他命令时, +务必看看该节末尾的``参见''项, +那里给出了其它地方介绍到的相关命令所在的页码。 + +%Some commands are closely related to certain concepts. +%For instance, the |\halign| and |\valign| commands are related to +%``alignment'', the |\def| +%command is related to ``macro'', +%and the |\hbox| and |\vbox| commands are related to ``box''. +%In these cases we've usually given a bare-bones des\-crip\-tion of the +%commands themselves and explained the underlying ideas +%in the concept. +有些命令与特定的概念密切相关。 +例如,|\halign| 和 |\valign| 命令与``对齐''的概念相关, +|\def| 命令与``宏''相关, +而 |\hbox| 和 |\vbox| 命令与``盒子''相关。 +对此种情形,在命令这里我们通常只给出粗略介绍, +而将对基本原理的解释放在相关概念中。 + +%The examples associated with the commands have been typeset with +%^|\parindent|, the paragraph indentation, set to zero so that +%paragraphs are normally unindented. +%This convention makes the examples easier to read. +%In those examples where the paragraph indentation is essential, +%we've set it explicitly to a nonzero value. +命令相关的例子在排版时设定了段落缩进 ^|\parindent| 为零, +因而其中段落一般是不缩进的;这使得例子更加容易阅读。 +对有些例子段落缩进是必不可少的,我们显式设置缩进为非零值。 + +%The pointing hand in front of a command or a group of commands indicates +%that we judged this command or group of commands to be particularly useful +%and easy to understand. +在一个或一组命令前面的手形符号, +表示我们认为这个或这组命令是常用且容易理解的。 + +%Many commands expect ^{arguments} of one kind or another +%(\xref{arg1}). The arguments of +%a command give \TeX{} additional information that it needs in order to +%carry out the command. Each argument is indicated by an italicized +%term in angle brackets that indicates what kind of argument it~is: +某些命令需要特定类型的参量(\xref{arg1})。 +命令的参量提供 \TeX{} 执行该命令时所需的额外信息。 +每个参量都放在尖括号中,并用意大利体标明它的类型: + +%\display{% +%\halign{\<#>\quad&#\hfil\cr +%argument&a single token or some text enclosed in braces\cr +%charcode&a character code, i.e., an integer between $0$ and $255$\cr +%dimen&a dimension, i.e., a length\cr +%glue&glue (with optional stretch and shrink)\cr +%number&an optionally signed integer (whole number)\cr +%register&a register number between $0$ and $255$\cr +%}} +%^^{\<dimen>} +%^^{\<argument>} +%^^{\<charcode>} +%^^{\<glue>} +%^^{\<number>} +%^^{\<register>} +\display{% +\halign{\<#>\quad&#\hfil\cr +argument&单个记号或者放在花括号中的一些文本\cr +charcode&字符码,即在$0$到$255$之间的整数\cr +dimen&尺寸,即长度\cr +glue&粘连(有可选的伸展值和收缩值)\cr +number&可带符号的整型值(整数)\cr +register&寄存器编号,在$0$到$255$之间\cr +}} +^^{\<dimen>} +^^{\<argument>} +^^{\<charcode>} +^^{\<glue>} +^^{\<number>} +^^{\<register>} + +% \noindent +% All of these terms are explained in more detail in \chapterref{concepts}. +% In addition, we sometimes use terms such as \<token list> that are either +% self-explanatory or explained in the description of the command. +% Some commands have special formats that require either braces or +% particular words. +% These are set in the same bold font that we use +% for the command headings. + +\noindent +所有这些术语会在\chapterref{concepts}中进行详述. +除了这些以外, 我们会使用一些不言自明的或者在后文进行讲述的术语, 比如 \<token list>. +有些命令有自己独特的格式, 比如需要括孤或者特定的字词. +它们会使用和命令标题相同的黑体标出. + +% Some commands are parameters (\xref{introparms}) or table entries. +% ^^{parameters//as commands} +% This is indicated in the command's listing. +% You can either use a parameter as an argument or assign a value to it. +% The same holds for table entries. +% We use the term ``parameter'' to refer to entities such as |\pageno| +% that are actually registers but behave just like parameters. +% ^^{registers//parameters as} + +有些命令是参数 (\xref{introparms}) 或表格项. +^^{参数//作为命令} +这会在命令的列表中指示出来. +你可以将这个参数作为一个命令的参量,也可以给它赋值。 +表格项也是如此。 +我们使用``参数''这个术语来指代这些条目, 比如本是寄存器但可当参数使用的 |\pageno|. +^^{寄存器//作为参数} + + +\section 翻译说明 + +本书由 CTeX 论坛上多人翻译而成,包括 luoyi,yulewang,zoho 和 zpxing。 +中文翻译的最新源码可以在这里看到: +\csdisplay +https://bitbucket.org/zohooo/impatient +| +考虑到此书需要和 \texbook\ 一起阅读, +书中概念的翻译尽量保持和 \texbook\ 的翻译一致或接近。 + +\ifoldeplain\else\ifcompletebook\else +\vskip4em{\sectionfonts\leftline{本章索引}} +\readindexfile{i} +\fi\fi + +\endchapter +\byebye |