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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2007-08-01 01:01:34 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2007-08-01 01:01:34 +0000
commit1464b16c814d145ab46ea1d25254a8643d183e71 (patch)
treeca2c39ee5bb9ee3487d53a26a7386111a1914397 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex
parent8a715edd558559ecccfe3eb8f732d8a854e78fe9 (diff)
apl update (28jul07)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@4689 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/00readme.tex32
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/apldef.tex96
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplstyle.tex29
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplverb.tex45
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/ninesize.tex34
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/problems.tex316
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/sample.tex124
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/solutions.tex198
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat.tex530
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat2.tex534
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/versatim.tex66
11 files changed, 0 insertions, 2004 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/00readme.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/00readme.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index d729a540b6a..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/00readme.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-% langs/apl
-\par\begin{footnotesize}\begin{alltt}
-Contents of README files:\par
-Thank you for your letter of 27 February. The original purpose
-of our APL font and macros was to solve the immediate problem
-of writing documents with APL code. Therefore, they are free for
-anyone who finds them useful. Some people have requested the font
-and we have sent them the files appended below (with CMAPL10 and
-two conversion programs for downloading pixel files, not given here).
-Further, we have nothing against giving our net address to the
-users because it would be useful to hear about extensions made
-to the system.
-
-The files APLDEF.TEX and TUGBOAT.TEX are identical with the second
-versions sent to you (via BITNET) except for minimal changes (there
-are some corrections and extensions in APLDEF.TEX, and in
-TUGBOAT.TEX one APL line was corrected.) We think the files are
-in a "final" form (at least we are not planning any changes).
-
-Our original purpose was to publish the second version, but the only
-difference was really the removal of the tilde space character (this
-resulted in more complex 1-character macros, but the user cannot
-see any difference; moreover, TeX runs only about 14% slower). Thus,
-we feel that there is no reason to publish a list of errata in
-TUGboat, because any user would inevitably have to use the new
-version (the old one has not been released).
-
-We are adding a file containing sample examples on the use of the
-APL mnemonics.
-
-Aarno Hohti
-\end{alltt}\end{footnotesize}\par
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/apldef.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/apldef.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index e47ab57301f..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/apldef.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-% apldef.tex
-%
-%===============================================================
-% This file contains the definitions of the 2-letter control
-% sequences for using cmapl10.
-%===============================================================
-%
-\def\RO{{\apl\char'014}} % rho
-\def\IO{{\apl\char'015}} % iota
-\def\BX{\lower.1ex\hbox{\apl\char'001}} % quad box (window etc.)
-\def\CE{{\apl\char'035}} % ceiling
-\def\FL{{\apl\char'034}} % floor
-\def\DE{{\apl\char'031}} % decode
-\def\EN{{\apl\char'030}} % encode
-\def\DL{{\apl\char'002}} % del
-\def\LD{{\apl\char'003}} % delta
-\def\NT{{\apl\char'026}} % not
-\def\LO{{\apl\char'017}} % circle
-\def\GO{{\apl\char'036}} % arrow right
-\def\OR{{\apl\char'010}} % logical or
-\def\DM{{\apl\char'011}} % diamond
-\def\LE{{\apl\char'012}} % less than or equal
-\def\GE{{\apl\char'013}} % greater than or equal
-\def\AB{{\apl\char'174}} % stile
-\def\LB{{\apl\char'173}} % left brace
-\def\RB{{\apl\char'175}} % right brace
-\def\DA{{\apl\char'037}} % arrow down
-\def\UA{{\apl\char'136}} % arrow up
-\def\EP{{\apl\char'006}} % epsilon
-\def\NE{{\apl\char'027}} % not equal
-\def\BL{{\apl\char'134}} % backslash
-\def\RU{{\apl\char'022}} % right U
-\def\LU{{\apl\char'023}} % left U
-\def\DU{{\apl\char'021}} % down U
-\def\UU{{\apl\char'020}} % up U
-\def\LK{{\apl\char'033}} % left tack
-\def\RK{{\apl\char'032}} % right tack
-\def\US{{\apl\char'024}} % underscore
-\def\NG{{\apl\char'025}} % high minus
-\def\DD{{\apl\char'007}} % dieresis
-\def\AM{{\apl\char'004}} % alpha
-\def\OM{{\apl\char'005}} % omega
-\def\SO{\raise.3ex\hbox{{\apl\char'016}}} % small circle
-%
-% This macro is used for overstriking two characters
-\newskip\charwidth
-\def\overstrike#1#2{\setbox1=\hbox{#1}\charwidth=\wd1
- #1\hskip-\charwidth#2}
-%
-\def\TR{\overstrike{\LO}{\BL}} % transpose
-\def\RV{\overstrike{\LO}{\AB}} % reverse
-\def\CR{\overstrike{\LO}{-}} % column reverse
-\def\GD{\overstrike{\LD}{\AB}} % grade down
-\def\GU{\overstrike{\DL}{\AB}} % grade up
-\def\FM{\overstrike{\raise.1ex\hbox{{\apl\char'016}}}{\EN}} % format
-\def\XQ{\overstrike{\raise.1ex\hbox{{\apl\char'016}}}{\DE}} % execute
-\def\SS{\overstrike{\RU}{\US}} % subset
-\def\CO{\overstrike{\LU}{\US}} % contains
-\def\CB{\overstrike{\BL}{-}} % column backslash
-\def\CS{\overstrike{/}{-}} % column slash
-\def\IB{\overstrike{\EN}{\DE}} % I-beam
-\def\DQ{\overstrike{{\apl\char'045}}{\BX}} % divide quad
-\def\QQ{\overstrike{{\apl '}}{\BX}} % quote quad
-\def\PD{\overstrike{\DL}{\NT}} % protected del
-\def\NR{\overstrike{\OR}{\NT}} % nor
-\def\NN{\overstrike{{\apl\char'046}}{\NT}} % nand
-\def\LG{\overstrike{{\apl *}}{\LO}} % logarithm
-% underscored letters
-\def\ZA{\overstrike{{\apl A}}{\US}}
-\def\ZB{\overstrike{{\apl B}}{\US}}
-\def\ZC{\overstrike{{\apl C}}{\US}}
-\def\ZD{\overstrike{{\apl D}}{\US}}
-\def\ZE{\overstrike{{\apl E}}{\US}}
-\def\ZF{\overstrike{{\apl F}}{\US}}
-\def\ZG{\overstrike{{\apl G}}{\US}}
-\def\ZH{\overstrike{{\apl H}}{\US}}
-\def\ZI{\overstrike{{\apl I}}{\US}}
-\def\ZJ{\overstrike{{\apl J}}{\US}}
-\def\ZK{\overstrike{{\apl K}}{\US}}
-\def\ZL{\overstrike{{\apl L}}{\US}}
-\def\ZM{\overstrike{{\apl M}}{\US}}
-\def\ZN{\overstrike{{\apl N}}{\US}}
-\def\ZO{\overstrike{{\apl O}}{\US}}
-\def\ZP{\overstrike{{\apl P}}{\US}}
-\def\ZQ{\overstrike{{\apl Q}}{\US}}
-\def\ZR{\overstrike{{\apl R}}{\US}}
-\def\ZS{\overstrike{{\apl S}}{\US}}
-\def\ZT{\overstrike{{\apl T}}{\US}}
-\def\ZU{\overstrike{{\apl U}}{\US}}
-\def\ZV{\overstrike{{\apl V}}{\US}}
-\def\ZX{\overstrike{{\apl X}}{\US}}
-\def\ZY{\overstrike{{\apl Y}}{\US}}
-\def\ZW{\overstrike{{\apl W}}{\US}}
-\def\ZZ{\overstrike{{\apl Z}}{\US}}
-
-\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplstyle.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplstyle.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index b732bded0c4..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplstyle.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-% aplstyle.tex
-%
-%===============================================================
-% A P L S T Y L E
-%===============================================================
-% A.Hohti/O.Kanerva University of Helsinki April 6 1987
-%
-% APL symbols are represented by the Digital (VAX) APL replacement
-% symbols. The standard escape sequence is changed to "@" (at sign)
-% in accordance with the usage in Digital APL.
-%
-\font\apl=cmapl10 % The APL font of typewriter type
-%
-%
-% The following macro switches the typewriter-like font
-% used within verbatim
-\def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax}
-\outer\def\choosett#1{\ifundefined{#1}
- \message{Undefined font(?), replaced with cmtt10}
- \let\tt=\tentt
- \else
- \def\tt{\expandafter\csname#1\endcsname}\fi}
-%
-\choosett{tentt} % default value
-%
-\input aplverb % definitions for verbatim
-\input apldef % control sequences for the APL symbols
-
-\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplverb.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplverb.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index cac8e3acdbf..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/aplverb.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-% aplverb.tex = verbatim.tex
-%
-%
-% F|ljande macron anv{nds d} man vill f} ut \TeX-kommandon
-% i klartext. @text@ ger text i fonten \tt med alla kontroll-
-% tecken och dylika bevarade (\TeX\ f|rst}r sig endast p} kommandot
-% @ i denna mode). Man kan ocks} utnyttja \begintt ... \endtt f|r
-% att beskriva kommandon, d} {r ocks} \obeylines och \obeyspaces
-% aktiva. Om man vill anv{nda vissa \TeX-kommandon men vill
-% ocks} displaya n}got i en-kolumn-tabell-form kan man anv{nda
-% \begindisplay ...\cr ...\cr \enddisplay
-% Om du vill anv{nda \begintt...\endtt f|r text som inte
-% ryms p} en sida, kan du ocks} anv{nda \beginlines...\endlines.
-% Varje rad m}ste d} b|rjas och avslutas med kommandot @.
-\newskip\verbatimindent \verbatimindent=0cm
-\newskip\ttglue{\tt \global\ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em}
-\def\@{\char'100 }
-%
-\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
-{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
- {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup&\hskip\verbatimindent##\hfil\cr}}
-\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
-%
-\chardef\other=12
-\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
- \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
- \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other
- \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other\catcode`\*=\other\catcode`\==\other
- \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
-{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }}
-%
-\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf \ttverbatim \parskip=0pt
- \catcode`\@=0 \parindent=\verbatimindent \rightskip=-5pc \ttfinish}
-{\catcode`\@=0 @catcode`@\=\other % @ is temporary escape character
- @obeylines % end of line is active
- @gdef@ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1@vbox{#2}@endgroup$$}}
-%
-\catcode`\@=\active
-{\obeylines\gdef@{\ttverbatim\spaceskip=\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let@=\endgroup}}
-
-\def\beginlines{\par\begingroup\nobreak\medskip\parindent=0pt
- \kern1pt\nobreak \obeylines \everypar{\strut}}
-\def\endlines{\kern1pt\endgroup\medbreak\noindent}
-
-\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/ninesize.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/ninesize.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index a0260f07997..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/ninesize.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-
-%=============================================================================
-% N I N E S I Z E . T E X (for convenience only)
-%=============================================================================
-%===============================================================
-% This is a TeX macro for switching to nine point fonts. Taken
-% from the TeXbook, pages 413 - 415. (For special cases only)
-%===============================================================
-%
-\font\ninerm=amr9
-\font\ninei=ammi9
-\font\ninesy=amsy9
-\font\ninebf=ambx9
-\font\ninett=amtt9
-\font\nineit=amti9
-\font\ninesl=amsl9
-%
-\skewchar\ninei='177
-\skewchar\ninesy='60
-\skewchar\ninett=-1
-%
-\newskip\tglue
-\def\ninepoint{\def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}
- \textfont0=\ninerm
- \textfont1=\ninei
- \textfont2=\ninesy
- \textfont\itfam=\nineit \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}%
- \textfont\slfam=\ninesl \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}%
- \textfont\ttfam=\ninett \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett}%
- \textfont\bffam=\ninebf \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}%
- \tt\tglue=.5em plus.25em minus .15em
- \normalbaselineskip=11pt
- \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt}%
- \let\sc=\sevenrm \let\big=\ninebig \normalbaselines\rm}%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/problems.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/problems.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f47553ea37..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/problems.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,316 +0,0 @@
-
-%===================================================================
-% Sample problems; solutions give examples on using APL style in TeX
-% Taken from the course ``Mathematics on the Computer'', Fall 87
-%===================================================================
-
-\magnification = \magstep1
-
-\advance\vsize by 3truecm
-
-\input mssymb % for some math symbols only! This is the new
- % symbol font for some standard and non-standard
- % mathematical symbols. It is only used here for
- % blackboard bold letters. If you dont have it,
- % just define \def\Bbb{} etc.
-
-\input aplstyle
-
-\choosett{apl}
-
-\font\sans = amss10
-\font\sltt = amsltt10
-
-\def\header{{\sans Sample problems 9.\ 10.\ 1987}}
-% some of them come from Sims' ``Abstract Algebra, A Computational Approach''
-\def\APL{{\sltt APL}}
-
-\nopagenumbers
-\tolerance = 300
-\noindent
-\header
-
-\vskip 2cm
-
-\item{1.} Let $N>1$ be an integer. Show that each of the following
- matrices represents a binary operation on
- $S(N)$ (we set locally \BX@IO_0@.) Which of them are
- associative, which commutative?
- \medskip
-
- \itemitem{a)} @(@\IO@N)@\SO@.@\CE\IO@N@
-
- \itemitem{b)} \AB@(@\IO@N)@\SO@.-@\IO@N@
-
- \itemitem{c)} @N@\AB@(@\IO@N)@\SO@.+@\IO@N@
-
- \itemitem{d)} @N@\AB@(@\IO@N)@\SO@.#@\IO@N@
-
- \medskip
-\item{} Here @x@\CE@y@ is $\max(x,y)$, @x@\AB@y@ is
- $y\bmod x$ and \AB@x@ is the absolute value of $x$.
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{2.} Write an \APL\ function @GPOWER@ that computes for a group
- @G@ (global variable) the $n$-th power of a given element $x$.
- (If $S(M)$ is a representation vector of @G@, then
- @GPOWER@ is a map $S(M)\times \Bbb Z\to S(M)$. Simply
- use iteration.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{3.} (Continuing problem 2.) A faster algorithm is obtained by
- decomposing $x^n$ into its 2--base form
- $x^n = x^{i_0}\times x^{2i_1}\times
- x^{4i_2}\times ... \times x^{{2^k}i_k}$, where $i_j\in\{0,1\}$. Show
- that the complexity of this algorithm is $O(\log_2(n))$.
- (Show that the number of necessary multiplications does
- not exceed $2\log_2(n)$). How would you write the corresponding
- function in \APL? (Note that the binary representation of $n$
- can be obtained by applying iteratively the procedure $n\bmod 2$.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{4.} Write an \APL\ function @GTSGP@ that computes for a given group @G@
- (global variable) the subgroup generated by a given subset $A$. The
- function @GTSGP@ has one argument (the vector @A@) and returns
- a subset of the set $S(N)$ (as a vector). (Extend the set @A@
- by the group operation until @A@ becomes closed with respect
- to the operation.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{5.} Write an \APL\ function @INV@ that returns for a group @G@
- the vector of inverse elements as a vector $S(N)\to S(N)$ so
- that the index of the inverse of $x_i$ is @(INV G)[I]@.
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{6.} Let $(G,\theta)$ be a group and let $A$ be a subset of $G$. Program
- the following algorithm in \APL\ to find the subgroup @H@
- generated by @A@. Compare the perfomance of this algorithm
- with the algorithm in Problem 4.
- \medskip
-
- \itemitem{a)} put $H$ and $Y$ equal to $\{e\}$.
-
- \itemitem{b)} let $Y$ be $YA\smallsetminus H$.
-
- \itemitem{c)} if $Y=\emptyset$, stop.
-
- \itemitem{d)} put $H$ equal to $H\cup Y$ and
- go to (b).
-
- \medskip
-\item{} ($e$ is the neutral element and $YA\smallsetminus H$
- is the set--theoretical difference of $YA$ and $H$.
- The product $YA$ is the set $\{y\theta a: y\in Y, a\in A\}$.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{7.} Write an \APL\ function @PROD@ that returns for given groups
- $(G_1,\theta_1)$ ja $(G_2,\theta_2)$ the {\sl direct product}
- $(G_1\times G_2,\theta_1\times\theta_2)$ as a group table.
- (The binary operation in the product is $(x,y)\theta_1\times\theta_2
- (z,w) = (x\theta_1 z,y\theta_2 w)$).
-
-\bigskip
-
-\vfill\eject
-
-%==========================================================================
-% Solutions to above sample exercises
-%==========================================================================
-
-%\advance\vsize by 3truecm
-
-\choosett{apl}
-
-\noindent
-\header%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\vskip 1cm
-
-\noindent
-As the index of the neutral element we use the index origin \BX@IO@ which
-usually has the value @0@. Then $S(N)=
-\{0,\dots,N-1\}$, given by the vector \IO@N@.
-An example on groups are the cyclic groups $({\bf Z}_n,+)$
-the group tables of which are generated by the \APL\ function @ZNPLUS@:
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_ZNPLUS N;@BXIO
-[1] @BXIO_0
-[2] Z_N@AB(@ION)@SO.+@ION
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{1.} The matrices represent binary operations of $S(N)$,
- since they are $N\times N$-matrices with elements from
- $S(N)$. They are all associative and also commutative except for
- the case (b). This can be seen by the function @TEST@:
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_TEST B
-[1] " B IS A BINARY OPERATION. THE FUNCTION RETURNS A BOOLEAN 2-VECTOR
-[2] " (B ASSOCIATIVE, B COMMUTATIVE)
-[3] Z_(&/&/&/B[B;]=B[;B]),&/&/B=@TRB
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{2.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL P_X GPOWER N;I
-[1] " G GLOBAL
-[2] P_@BXIO @DM I_0
-[3] TEST:@GO(N<I_I+1)/0
-[4] P_G[P;X]
-[5] @GOTEST
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{3.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL P_X BGPOWER N;IJ
-[1] " G GLOBAL
-[2] P_@BXIO
-[3] NEXTJ:@GO(0=N,IJ_2@ABN)/0,SQX
-[4] P_G[P;X]
-[5] SQX:X_G[X;X]
-[6] N_(N-IJ)%2
-[7] @GONEXTJ
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-\item{} A comment: if $i_j=0$, then the power is not increased,
- but the square $x^{2^{j+1}}=(x^{2^j})^2$ is computed.
- The number of iterations is $k$; $n = i_0+i_12+\cdots+i_k2^k \ge 2^k$,
- when $i_k \not= 0$, and hence $k \le \log_2(n)$.
- Thus, the complexity is $O(\log_2(n))$.
-\smallskip
-
-\vfill\eject
-\item{4.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_A GTSGP G
-[1] " RETURNS THE SUBGROUP OF G GENERATED BY A
-[2] Z_,A
-[3] TEST:@GO(&/&/G[Z;Z]@EPZ)/FOUND
-[4] Z_Z UNION G[Z;Z]
-[5] @GOTEST
-[6] FOUND:Z_Z[@GUZ]
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_A UNION B;V;@BXIO
-[1] V_(,A),,B
-[2] @BXIO_1
-[3] Z_,CLEAN((@ROV),1)@ROV
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-The auxiliary function @CLEAN@ was given earlier.
-\bigskip
-
-\item{5.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_INV G
-[1] " RETURNS THE VECTOR OF INVERSE ELEMENTS OF G
-[2] (@BXIO=,G)/,(@ROG)@ROG[@BXIO;]
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{6.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL H_A BGTSGP G;Y
-[1] " RETURNS THE SUBGROUP OF G GENERATED BY A
-[2] H_Y_@BXIO
-[3] B:@GO(0=@ROY_(,G[Y;A])MINUS H)/0
-[4] H_H UNION Y
-[5] @GOB
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_A MINUS B
-[1] Z_(@NTA@EPB)/A
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{7.} If the elements of $G_i$ have been indexed by the interval
- $[0,n_i-1]$, the elements of $G_1\times G_2$ become indexed
- in a natural way by the elements of the Cartesian product
- $[0,n_1-1]\times[0,n_2-1]$. With the bijection
- $(i,j) \mapsto in_2+j:[0,n_1-1]\times[0,n_2-1]
- \longrightarrow[0,n_1n_2-1]$
- (the inverse $k\mapsto((k-(k \bmod n_2))/n_2,k \bmod n_2)$
- selects the quotient and remainder in the division by $n_2$)
- we get $[0,n_1n_2-1]$ as the index set.
-
-\vfill\eject
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL G_G1 PROD G2;@BXIO;I;J;IREM;JREM;N1;N2;N
-[1] N_(N1_(@ROG1)[1])#N2_(@ROG2)[1] @DM I_@BXIO_0
-[2] G_(N,N)@RO0
-[3] JLOOP:J_0
-[4] CORE:G[I;J]_(G1[(I-IREM)%N2;(J-JREM)%N2]#N2)+G2[IREM_N2@ABI;JREM_N2@ABJ]
-[5] @GO(N>J_J+1)/CORE
-[6] @GO(N>I_I+1)/JLOOP
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-Example:
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- (ZNPLUS 2) PROD ZNPLUS 10
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10
- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11
- 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12
- 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13
- 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14
- 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15
- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
- 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
- 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
-10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
-13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
-14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
-15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
-16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
-17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-\endtt
-}
-
-\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/sample.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/sample.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 85481d7c943..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/sample.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-
-%============================================================================
-% S A M P L E . T E X
-%============================================================================
-
-%===================================================================
-% Sample problems; solutions give examples on using APL style in TeX
-% Taken from the course ``Mathematics on the Computer'', Fall 87
-%===================================================================
-
-\magnification = \magstep1
-
-\advance\vsize by 3truecm
-
-\input mssymb % for some math symbols only! This is the new
- % symbol font for some standard and non-standard
- % mathematical symbols. It is only used here for
- % blackboard bold letters. If you dont have it,
- % just define \def\Bbb{} etc.
-
-\input aplstyle
-
-\choosett{apl}
-
-\font\sans = amss10
-\font\sltt = amsltt10
-
-\def\header{{\sans Sample problems 9.\ 10.\ 1987}}
-% some of them come from Sims' ``Abstract Algebra, A Computational Approach''
-\def\APL{{\sltt APL}}
-
-\nopagenumbers
-\tolerance = 300
-\noindent
-\header
-
-\vskip 2cm
-
-\item{1.} Let $N>1$ be an integer. Show that each of the following
- matrices represents a binary operation on
- $S(N)$ (we set locally \BX@IO_0@.) Which of them are
- associative, which commutative?
- \medskip
-
- \itemitem{a)} @(@\IO@N)@\SO@.@\CE\IO@N@
-
- \itemitem{b)} \AB@(@\IO@N)@\SO@.-@\IO@N@
-
- \itemitem{c)} @N@\AB@(@\IO@N)@\SO@.+@\IO@N@
-
- \itemitem{d)} @N@\AB@(@\IO@N)@\SO@.#@\IO@N@
-
- \medskip
-\item{} Here @x@\CE@y@ is $\max(x,y)$, @x@\AB@y@ is
- $y\bmod x$ and \AB@x@ is the absolute value of $x$.
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{2.} Write an \APL\ function @GPOWER@ that computes for a group
- @G@ (global variable) the $n$-th power of a given element $x$.
- (If $S(M)$ is a representation vector of @G@, then
- @GPOWER@ is a map $S(M)\times \Bbb Z\to S(M)$. Simply
- use iteration.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{3.} (Continuing problem 2.) A faster algorithm is obtained by
- decomposing $x^n$ into its 2--base form
- $x^n = x^{i_0}\times x^{2i_1}\times
- x^{4i_2}\times ... \times x^{{2^k}i_k}$, where $i_j\in\{0,1\}$. Show
- that the complexity of this algorithm is $O(\log_2(n))$.
- (Show that the number of necessary multiplications does
- not exceed $2\log_2(n)$). How would you write the corresponding
- function in \APL? (Note that the binary representation of $n$
- can be obtained by applying iteratively the procedure $n\bmod 2$.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{4.} Write an \APL\ function @GTSGP@ that computes for a given group @G@
- (global variable) the subgroup generated by a given subset $A$. The
- function @GTSGP@ has one argument (the vector @A@) and returns
- a subset of the set $S(N)$ (as a vector). (Extend the set @A@
- by the group operation until @A@ becomes closed with respect
- to the operation.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{5.} Write an \APL\ function @INV@ that returns for a group @G@
- the vector of inverse elements as a vector $S(N)\to S(N)$ so
- that the index of the inverse of $x_i$ is @(INV G)[I]@.
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{6.} Let $(G,\theta)$ be a group and let $A$ be a subset of $G$. Program
- the following algorithm in \APL\ to find the subgroup @H@
- generated by @A@. Compare the perfomance of this algorithm
- with the algorithm in Problem 4.
- \medskip
-
- \itemitem{a)} put $H$ and $Y$ equal to $\{e\}$.
-
- \itemitem{b)} let $Y$ be $YA\smallsetminus H$.
-
- \itemitem{c)} if $Y=\emptyset$, stop.
-
- \itemitem{d)} put $H$ equal to $H\cup Y$ and
- go to (b).
-
- \medskip
-\item{} ($e$ is the neutral element and $YA\smallsetminus H$
- is the set--theoretical difference of $YA$ and $H$.
- The product $YA$ is the set $\{y\theta a: y\in Y, a\in A\}$.)
-
-\bigskip
-
-\item{7.} Write an \APL\ function @PROD@ that returns for given groups
- $(G_1,\theta_1)$ ja $(G_2,\theta_2)$ the {\sl direct product}
- $(G_1\times G_2,\theta_1\times\theta_2)$ as a group table.
- (The binary operation in the product is $(x,y)\theta_1\times\theta_2
- (z,w) = (x\theta_1 z,y\theta_2 w)$).
-
-\bigskip
-
-\vfill\eject
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/solutions.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/solutions.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 85e37305451..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/solutions.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-
-%==========================================================================
-% Solutions to above sample exercises
-%==========================================================================
-
-%\advance\vsize by 3truecm
-
-\choosett{apl}
-
-\noindent
-\header%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\vskip 1cm
-
-\noindent
-As the index of the neutral element we use the index origin \BX@IO@ which
-usually has the value @0@. Then $S(N)=
-\{0,\dots,N-1\}$, given by the vector \IO@N@.
-An example on groups are the cyclic groups $({\bf Z}_n,+)$
-the group tables of which are generated by the \APL\ function @ZNPLUS@:
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_ZNPLUS N;@BXIO
-[1] @BXIO_0
-[2] Z_N@AB(@ION)@SO.+@ION
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{1.} The matrices represent binary operations of $S(N)$,
- since they are $N\times N$-matrices with elements from
- $S(N)$. They are all associative and also commutative except for
- the case (b). This can be seen by the function @TEST@:
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_TEST B
-[1] " B IS A BINARY OPERATION. THE FUNCTION RETURNS A BOOLEAN 2-VECTOR
-[2] " (B ASSOCIATIVE, B COMMUTATIVE)
-[3] Z_(&/&/&/B[B;]=B[;B]),&/&/B=@TRB
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{2.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL P_X GPOWER N;I
-[1] " G GLOBAL
-[2] P_@BXIO @DM I_0
-[3] TEST:@GO(N<I_I+1)/0
-[4] P_G[P;X]
-[5] @GOTEST
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{3.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL P_X BGPOWER N;IJ
-[1] " G GLOBAL
-[2] P_@BXIO
-[3] NEXTJ:@GO(0=N,IJ_2@ABN)/0,SQX
-[4] P_G[P;X]
-[5] SQX:X_G[X;X]
-[6] N_(N-IJ)%2
-[7] @GONEXTJ
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-\item{} A comment: if $i_j=0$, then the power is not increased,
- but the square $x^{2^{j+1}}=(x^{2^j})^2$ is computed.
- The number of iterations is $k$; $n = i_0+i_12+\cdots+i_k2^k \ge 2^k$,
- when $i_k \not= 0$, and hence $k \le \log_2(n)$.
- Thus, the complexity is $O(\log_2(n))$.
-\smallskip
-
-\vfill\eject
-\item{4.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_A GTSGP G
-[1] " RETURNS THE SUBGROUP OF G GENERATED BY A
-[2] Z_,A
-[3] TEST:@GO(&/&/G[Z;Z]@EPZ)/FOUND
-[4] Z_Z UNION G[Z;Z]
-[5] @GOTEST
-[6] FOUND:Z_Z[@GUZ]
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_A UNION B;V;@BXIO
-[1] V_(,A),,B
-[2] @BXIO_1
-[3] Z_,CLEAN((@ROV),1)@ROV
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-The auxiliary function @CLEAN@ was given earlier.
-\bigskip
-
-\item{5.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_INV G
-[1] " RETURNS THE VECTOR OF INVERSE ELEMENTS OF G
-[2] (@BXIO=,G)/,(@ROG)@ROG[@BXIO;]
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{6.}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL H_A BGTSGP G;Y
-[1] " RETURNS THE SUBGROUP OF G GENERATED BY A
-[2] H_Y_@BXIO
-[3] B:@GO(0=@ROY_(,G[Y;A])MINUS H)/0
-[4] H_H UNION Y
-[5] @GOB
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL Z_A MINUS B
-[1] Z_(@NTA@EPB)/A
- @DL
-\endtt
-}\smallskip
-
-\item{7.} If the elements of $G_i$ have been indexed by the interval
- $[0,n_i-1]$, the elements of $G_1\times G_2$ become indexed
- in a natural way by the elements of the Cartesian product
- $[0,n_1-1]\times[0,n_2-1]$. With the bijection
- $(i,j) \mapsto in_2+j:[0,n_1-1]\times[0,n_2-1]
- \longrightarrow[0,n_1n_2-1]$
- (the inverse $k\mapsto((k-(k \bmod n_2))/n_2,k \bmod n_2)$
- selects the quotient and remainder in the division by $n_2$)
- we get $[0,n_1n_2-1]$ as the index set.
-
-\vfill\eject
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- @DL G_G1 PROD G2;@BXIO;I;J;IREM;JREM;N1;N2;N
-[1] N_(N1_(@ROG1)[1])#N2_(@ROG2)[1] @DM I_@BXIO_0
-[2] G_(N,N)@RO0
-[3] JLOOP:J_0
-[4] CORE:G[I;J]_(G1[(I-IREM)%N2;(J-JREM)%N2]#N2)+G2[IREM_N2@ABI;JREM_N2@ABJ]
-[5] @GO(N>J_J+1)/CORE
-[6] @GO(N>I_I+1)/JLOOP
- @DL
-\endtt
-}
-
-Example:
-
-\hskip\parskip\vbox{\hsize=15truecm
-\begintt
- (ZNPLUS 2) PROD ZNPLUS 10
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10
- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11
- 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12
- 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13
- 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14
- 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15
- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
- 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
- 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
-10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
-13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
-14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
-15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
-16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
-17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-\endtt
-}
-
-\end
-
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 87b1461a1cc..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,530 +0,0 @@
-
-%=============================================================================
-% T U G B O A T . T E X
-%=============================================================================
-%========================================================================
-% A TeX file for the paper on APL-TeX (new version, not published)
-%
-% A.Hohti/O.Kanerva (University of Helsinki) April 1987
-%========================================================================
-%
-%
-% Version of August 26, 1987 at 15:00
-%
-%
-%========================================================================
-\input aplstyle % the file containing the APL definitions
-%========================================================================
-%
-%
-\magnification=\magstep1 % for weak eyes!
-%
-%
-%========================================================================
-\font\bigbf=ambx10 % for titles
-\font\sltt=amsltt10 % for file contents inside text
-\font\manual=manfnt at 10pt % for major METAFONT logo
-\font\minual=manfnt at 9pt % for minor METAFONT logo
-\input ninesize % abstract, references
-%========================================================================
-%
-\def\METAFONT{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}
-\def\metafont{{\minual META}\-{\minual FONT}}
-%
-%========================================================================
-% stylistic definitions
-\def\section#1{\vskip0pt plus .1\vsize
- \penalty-250\vskip0pt plus-.1\vsize\bigskip
- \noindent{\bf #1.\ }\nobreak\message{#1}}
-\def\abstract#1{\bigskip\centerline{\hbox{
- \vbox{\hsize=4.75truein{\ninepoint \noindent ABSTRACT.\enspace#1}}}}}
-\def\APL{{\sl APL}}
-% this definition is from the TeXbook, Ex. 21.3 :
-\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule \hbox{\vrule \kern2pt
- \vbox{\kern2pt#1\kern2pt}\kern2pt\vrule}\hrule}}
-% A macro for making references and blocks.
-%
-\newdimen\refindent\newdimen\plusindent
-\newdimen\refskip\newdimen\tempindent
-\newdimen\extraindent
-\newcount\refcount
-%
-% \refskip has to be set by the user! Otherwise \parindent is
-% used, in accordance with \item.
-%
-\refcount=0
-\def\ref#1:#2.-#3\par{\ninepoint % switch to nine point fonts
-\advance\refcount by 1
-\setbox0=\hbox{[\number\refcount]}\refindent=\wd0
-\plusindent=\refskip\extraindent=\refskip
-\advance\plusindent by -\refindent\tempindent=\parindent %
-\parindent=0pt\par\hangindent\extraindent %
- [\number\refcount]\hskip\plusindent #1:{\sl#2},#3
-\parindent=\tempindent}
-%
-\refskip=\parindent
-%
-%========================================================================
- % HEADER
-\null
-\vskip2truecm
-%
- \centerline{\bigbf GENERATING AN \APL\ FONT}
-%
-\vskip.75truecm
-%
- \centerline{\sl Aarno Hohti and Okko Kanerva}
-%
-\vskip.5truecm
-%
- \centerline{\sl University of Helsinki}
-\vskip.5truecm
-\abstract{The \APL\ language is well known for its peculiar
- symbols which have inhibited the use of this language
- in many programming environments. Making \APL\
- documents of good quality has been difficult and
- expensive. We describe here a simple way how to
- use \metafont\ to generate an \APL\ font for \TeX\
- by using existing font definitions as far as possible.}
-\vskip.5truecm
-%========================================================================
-%
-\section{Introduction}
-This note describes an interesting exercise in using
-\METAFONT\ to produce new typefaces by combining letters
-from standard fonts. As we know, the \APL\ language [6] of
-Kenneth Iverson has never gained the popularity it deserves
-which is largely due to its strange symbol set. Indeed,
-true \APL\ users require a special keyboard to support
-the nonstandard but powerful operator symbols. Moreover,
-putting \APL\ into print has always been a problem, and
-modern low cost computerized typesetting programs do
-not usually support \APL\ style. \TeX\ can be used to
-produce high quality printouts for technical text,
-and it would be desirable to have a possibility to
-mix in \APL\ code. The companion program of
-\TeX ---\METAFONT ---provides a full means for a simple generation
-of an \APL\ font for \TeX, and the purpose of this
-note is to inform other people about the result we
-have obtained at the University of Helsinki. Let us note
-that there are at least three other \APL\ fonts available
-for small computer environments. Indeed, the newsletter
-\APL\ {\it Quote Quad\/}\footnote{*}{{\ninepoint Newsletter of SIGAPL,
-the Special Interest Group for \APL. {\it Quote Quad\/} has the same
-status in the world of \APL\ as TUGboat in \TeX{nical} world.}}
-is produced by using TROFF, and there
-exists a Postscript \APL\ font for the Apple Laserwriter [5] and
-another font for the TEXT typesetting system [2].
-
-Consider the following usual kind of function definition in \APL:
-\choosett{apl}
-\begintt
- @DLS_SUMSQ N;I
- [1] S_I_0
- [2] @GO(N<I_I+1)/0
- [3] S_S+I*2
- [4] @GO2
- [5] @DL
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}% %@@@@
-How to write in this code, providing that we have a suitable
-font? The \APL\ font should represent the screen
-output style of \APL\ code and obey the same laws of spacing.
-Hence, it should be a typewriter-like typeface with fixed
-spacing; the same approach for representing \TeX\ input was
-adopted by Knuth in the {\TeX}book.
-The {\it verbatim\/} macros have often been used for importing
-screen or paper outputs into \TeX\ documents; some people
-misuse them for an easy construction of tables etc. In
-{\sltt verbatim}, the typewriter mode is entered by the control
-sequence @\begintt@---that mode is ended by
-@\endtt@. In the same vein, we could enter
-the \APL\ mode by the control sequence @\beginapl@,
-and to end it by @\endapl@. However, it is more convenient to
-augment {\sltt verbatim\/} with {\sltt aplstyle\/} so that
-it can be used with several different typewriter-like fonts.
-(The {\it verbatim\/} macros can be found in the {\TeX}book,
-p.\ 421.) Since {\sltt\char'100\/}
-(the {\it at sign}) is used as the escape character inside {\it verbatim\/}
-mode, our \TeX\ code might (and in fact does) look as follows:
-\def\endsym{\char'134{endtt}} % just for using \endtt after \begintt
- % without actually ending anything
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- \choosett{apl}
- \begintt
- @@DLS_SUMSQ N;I
- [1] S_I_0
- [2] @@GO(N<I_I+1)/0
- [3] S_S+I*2
- [4] @@GO2
- [5] @@DL
- @endsym
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}% %@@@@
-The control sequences @\DL@ and @\GO@ are not chosen arbitrarily
-but follow the conventions used in Digital's VAX \APL\ interpreter [1].
-As terminals usually do not support the \APL\ character set, an
-alternative representation by two-letter mnemonics is provided by the
-interpreter. For the most part we have adopted these mnemonics also for our
-\APL\ font. Hence, as an additional bonus the user should find it
-easy to combine his or her \APL\ code with normal \TeX\ code. Thus,
-it is not necessary for a VAX \APL\ user to retype the definitions
-of \APL\ functions in order to be able to use them in documents.
-He or she only has to replace every {\it period\/} used as an
-escape character in Digital's interpreter, by {\sltt\char'100}.
-(There is another syntactical difference between Digital's interpreter
-and \TeX's {\it verbatim\/} mode: for the interpreter
-the third ordinary character after an escape character
-does no longer belong to the escape sequence while \TeX\ admits
-arbitrarily long control sequences. We take care of this
-by changing certain {\it catcodes\/} temporarily.)
-%
-%
-\choosett{apl}%
-%
-\section{The \APL\ font table}
-\APL\ symbols are divided into two classes: the primitive symbols
-and those obtained by overstriking two primitive ones. The overstrikes
-are traditionally obtained by typing the first symbol, by using
-backspace to go back one space and then typing the second symbol
-{\sl over\/} the first one. However, in modern \APL\ keyboards these
-double symbols are assigned to non-alphanumeric keys (for example,
-to keys under the {\sltt ALT\/} key). We decided to include only the
-primitive \APL\ symbols in the font table; this enabled us to include
-also the lower-case letters, following modern conventions. (The original
-\APL\ letters were restricted to capitals.) The comment symbol
-@"@ is the only exception since it is keyed in as a double quote.
-Our font is a fixed size typeface with strongly slanted letters.
-Moreover, we have followed the style of best books in \APL:
-all symbols should be drawn with a thin pen to get a touch of
-a typewriter. (This point is clearly witnessed, for example, in [5].)
-The places of some symbols are determined by the \TeX\ font tables.
-For example, the hash sign {\sltt\char'043\/} is used for the
-multiplication sign in VAX \APL, and hence the corresponding symbol
-has the the same octal code (043) as the hash sign in \TeX.
-The font table has the following form: %@@@@
-
-%========================================================================
-% table begins
-%========================================================================
-% This macro comes from TUGboat (I (AH) do not remember which number),
-% unsuitable parts are commented out.
-%
-{\baselineskip=0pt \lineskip=0pt
-\newdimen\vu
-%
-%\output={\shipout\vbox{\unvbox255\vskip0.4in}\advancepageno}
-%
-\setbox9=\hbox{\sl 0}
-\def\spike{\hbox to 0pt{\vbox to \ht9{}}}
-\def\cell#1{\hbox to 1\vu{\hfill\char'#1\hfill}\vrule}
-\def\label#1{\vbox to \ht8{\vfill\hbox to 35pt{\hfill\sl '#10\hskip1em%
- }\vfill}\vrule}
-%
-\def\seprow{\def\m{\hskip 1\vu{}\vrule height 2pt}\hbox{\m\m\m\m\m\m\m\m}}
-\def\cellrow#1{\setbox8=\vbox{\seprow\hbox{\spike%
- \cell{#10}\cell{#11}\cell{#12}\cell{#13}%
- \cell{#14}\cell{#15}\cell{#16}\cell{#17}\hfill%
- }\seprow\hrule}\hbox{\label{#1}\box8}}
-%
-\def\lcol#1{\hbox to 1\vu{\hfill{\sl #1}\hfill}\hskip .4pt}
-\def\chw#1{\hbox{\char'#1}}
-%
-\def\colw#1{\vbox{\chw{#10}
- \chw{#11}
- \chw{#12}
- \chw{#13}
- \chw{#14}
- \chw{#15}
- \chw{#16}
- \chw{#17}}}
-%
-\def\setw#1{\vbox{\colw{#10}
- \colw{#11}
- \colw{#12}
- \colw{#13}
- \colw{#14}
- \colw{#15}
- \colw{#16}
- \colw{#17}}}
-%
-\def\getw{\setbox0=\vbox{\setw0\setw1\hbox to \wd9{}\hbox to 1em{}}%
- \vu=1.625\wd0}
-%
- \apl\getw\bigskip % changed from \null\vfill to \bigskip
-%
- \centerline{\vbox{%\hbox{\hskip35pt{\sl cmapl10}\hfill}
-% \vskip20pt
- \hbox{\hskip35pt\lcol0\lcol1\lcol2\lcol3\lcol4\lcol5\lcol6\lcol7}
- \vskip 4pt
- \hbox{\hskip35pt\vbox{\hrule width 8\vu}\vbox{\hrule width 3.6pt}}
- \cellrow{00}\cellrow{01}\cellrow{02}\cellrow{03}
- \cellrow{04}\cellrow{05}\cellrow{06}\cellrow{07}
- \cellrow{10}\cellrow{11}\cellrow{12}\cellrow{13}
- \cellrow{14}\cellrow{15}\cellrow{16}\cellrow{17}}}} % removed \vfill
-% % from the end
-%
-%========================================================================
-% table ends
-%========================================================================
-%
-\section{The necessary \METAFONT\ files}
-The whole process started when the first author had a paper
-containing \APL\ symbols and was disappointed with the
-quality of the symbols available on the typewriter. Moreover,
-the secretary who had typed the text had forgot a couple
-of lines in the middle of the paper, and the correction of
-such mistakes seemed to be very clumsy in comparison with
-modern typesetting. Then he decided (together with the second
-author) to remedy the situation by creating an \APL\ font for
-\TeX\ he was using for other kinds of document. Many of the
-\APL\ symbols needed were contained in standard fonts; for example,
-{\it diamond\/} can be found in {\it cmsy10}. For alphanumeric
-characters one could use {\it cmsltt10}. The simplest try for
-a solution of the problem would be to write a list of definitions
-that pick symbols from appropriate fonts. However, this brute force
-method does not really work since these symbols come from
-very different typefaces and, moreover, do not provide a fixed
-typeface. Hence, we decided to find an easy way of producing
-an \APL\ font by using \METAFONT.
-
-As the starting point, we took the font {\it cmtex10}. This is a
-fixed typeface for an extended typewriter-like font including
-some Greek characters and mathematical symbols. The \METAFONT\ file
-for this font, {\sltt cmtex10.mf\/} contains (as usual) a preamble
-that assigns values to several global variables, and the command
-{\sltt generate textset;\/}. Now the {\sl driver\/} file {\sltt textset.mf\/} %@@@@
-contains the commands {\sltt mode\_setup;font\_setup;\/} %@@@@
-(establishing the values of the variables for this font) and several
-input files from which the \METAFONT\ descriptions of the characters are to
-be found. Since some of these files treat the characters by name and
-since some of the definitions have to be changed (and some dropped),
-we considered it advisable to discard the driver file and to collect
-the separate \METAFONT\ files, together with the preamble, to form a
-large single file {\sltt cmapl10.mf}. The {\sltt .mf\/} character files
-needed for {\sltt cmapl10.mf\/} are the following:
-%
-%
-$$\vbox{\halign{{\sltt#}\hfil && \quad #\hfil\cr
-%
- greekl & ({\it rho, omega, alpha}) \cr
- italms & ({\it iota}) \cr
- romand & (roman digits) \cr
- punct & (punctuation symbols) \cr
- romanp & \cr
- symbol & (math symbols) \cr
- sym & \cr
- romanu & (uppercase letters) \cr
- romanl & (lowercase letters) \cr
-%
-}}$$
-%
-%
-\section{Definitions}
-\choosett{tentt}%
-The first thing to do is to put {\sltt font\_identifier:="CMAPL";\/} %@@@@
-and to set {\sltt slant:=0;\/} in the preamble. Many definitions can %@@@@
-be copied verbatim from the {\sltt .mf\/} files, but some of them
-need changes. The Greek {\it iota}, as given in {\sltt greekl.mf},
-is strange to \APL\ style; we use instead the {\it dotless i\/}
-from {\sltt italms.mf}. Moreover, we used the symbol {\it elt\/}
-(element) from {\sltt sym.mf\/} instead of the Greek {\it epsilon}.
-The symbols {\it del\/} and {\it delta\/} are
-taken from {\sltt symbol.mf\/} (where their names are {\it large triangle\/}
-and {\it large inverted triangle}). However, they are too sturdy
-and too short to be placed in a proper \APL\ font. Further, {\it del\/}
-must be lifted up so that it is vertically aligned with other
-symbols. The modifications are very easy to do, and the modified %@@@@ , by ,and
-definition is shown below.
-%
-%
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- % sqrt48 was changed to 6.25 since the del symbol in APL has
- % a narrower top than the original reversed triangle symbol
- % rule.nib has been changed to light_rule.nib
- % bot y3=-d-o has been changed to bot y3=0
- % top y1=h-d has been changed to top y1=h+2o
- @null
- cmchar "Del";
- beginchar(oct"002",16u#,asc_height#,0);
- adjust_fit(0,0); pickup light_rule.nib;
- top y1=h+2o; y2=y1; bot y3=0;
- .5[x1,x2]=x3=good.x .5w; w:=r:=2x3; lft x1=hround(.5w-u*6.25);
- draw z1--z2--z3--cycle; % stroke
- labels(1,2,3); endchar;
-\endtt
-As can be seen from this example, pen strokes were made thinner.
-Actually only one symbol was directly missing---this is the {\it quad
-box}. However, it can be obtained from the above by adding one control point:
-\begintt
- cmchar "Quad";
- beginchar(oct"001",16u#,body_height#,0);
- adjust_fit(0,0); pickup light_rule.nib;
- bot y1=0; y2=y1; top y3=h+2o; y4=y3;
- .5[x1,x2]=x5=good.x .5w; w:=r:=2x5;
- % The quad box is slightly wider than Del
- lft x1=hround(.5w-u*7);
- x3=x1; x4=x2;
- draw z1--z2--z4--z3--cycle; % box
- labels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
-\endtt
-After taking care of special symbols, the letters can be treated
-by finding a suitable value for {\it tilt ratio\/} (slant). Indeed,
-\APL\ letters are {\sl very\/} slanted. We suggest the value
-1/5 for this font (the font {\it cmsl10\/} uses 1/6). One should
-remember to give the command {\sltt font\_setup;\/} after setting {\sltt slant\/} %@@@@
-to 1/5.
-\choosett{sltt}% %@@@@
-Finally, one has to make the {\it verbatim\/} macros
-suitable for \APL\ style. Since {\it verbatim\/} might be
-used for several different fonts in one document, we decided
-to include a control sequence @\choosett@.
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- \def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax}
- \newif\ifapl \def\aplname{apl}
- \outer\def\choosett#1{\ifundefined{#1}%
- \message{Undefined font(?), replaced with cmtt10}%
- \let\tt=\tentt
- \else
- \def\tt{\expandafter\csname#1\endcsname}%
- \def\ttname{#1}%
- \ifx\ttname\aplname\apltrue\else\aplfalse\fi\fi}
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}%
-(The control sequence @\ifundefined@ comes from the \TeX{book}, p.\ 308.)
-With the help of @\choosett@, the standard @verbatim@ macros can be used
-with the single change that @\ifapl@, then the @\catcode@ of @A@,\dots,@Z@
-is @\other@ (12) instead of 11 for {\it letter}. Under \APL\ mode \TeX\
-will then recognize our single-letter control sequences defined, e.g., by
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- \def\A#1{\if#1B{\apl\char'174}\else % stile
- \if#1M{\apl\char'004}\fi\fi} % alpha .
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}%
-Unfortunately, we have redefined the standard @\L@, @\O@, @\P@ and @\S@.
-
-The \APL\ symbols not in the font table are obtained---as usual---by
-overstriking two table symbols.
-\choosett{tentt}%
-\begintt
- \newbox\firstchar\newskip\charwidth
- \def\overstrike#1#2{\setbox\firstchar=\hbox{#1}\charwidth=\wd\firstchar
- #1\hskip-\charwidth#2}
-\endtt
-\choosett{apl}%
-For example, the {\it grade up\/} and {\it grade down\/} symbols
-\G U\ and \G D\ are obtained by striking the {\it stile\/} symbol
-@|@ over \L D\ and \D L, respectively.
-\choosett{tentt}%
-\begintt
- \def\G#1{\if#1U{\overstrike{\LD}{\AB}}\else % grade up
- \if#1D{\overstrike{\DL}{\AB}}\fi\fi} % grade down
-\endtt
-Now let us take another example on \APL. The input
-\begintt
- \choosett{apl} % in case some other choice is in force
- \setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=5.7truein
- \begintt
- [0] Z_A1 PROD A2;A;I;V
- [1] "RETURNS THE PRODUCT OF THE POLYNOMIALS A1 AND A2
- [2] "THE ARGUMENTS ARE GIVEN AS COEFFICIENT ARRAYS
- [3] I_@@ROA1
- [4] Z_A1@@SO.#A2
- [5] LOOP:V_@@ROZ @@DM V[(@@ROI)+1]_V[1]
- [6] V_@@ROZ_Z,[(@@ROI)+1]V@@RO0
- [7] A_(1+-@@IOV[1])@@SO.#((@@NT(@@IO@@ROV)@@EP(1,(@@ROI)+1))/V)@@RO1
- [8] Z_+/[1]A@@RV[(@@ROI)+1]Z
- [9] ((@@RO@@ROZ)>@@ROI)/LOOP
- @endsym
- }
- $$\boxit{\boxit{\box0}}$$
- \centerline{\sevenrm An APL function for polynomial multiplication}
-\endtt
-%
-gives the output
-%
-\choosett{apl}
-\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=5.7truein
-\begintt
- [0] Z_A1 PROD A2;A;I;V
- [1] "RETURNS THE PRODUCT OF THE POLYNOMIALS A1 AND A2
- [2] "THE ARGUMENTS ARE GIVEN AS COEFFICIENT ARRAYS
- [3] I_@ROA1
- [4] Z_A1@SO.#A2
- [5] LOOP:V_@ROZ @DM V[(@ROI)+1]_V[1]
- [6] V_@ROZ_Z,[(@ROI)+1]V@RO0
- [7] A_(1+-@IOV[1])@SO.#((@NT(@IO@ROV)@EP(1,(@ROI)+1))/V)@RO1
- [8] Z_+/[1]A@RV[(@ROI)+1]Z
- [9] ((@RO@ROZ)>@ROI)/LOOP
-\endtt
- }
-$$\boxit{\boxit{\box0}}$$
-\centerline{\sevenrm An APL function for polynomial multiplication}
-%
-\section{User extension}
-A modern user of a computerized typesetting facility will probably
-ask if it is possible to extend or modify fonts coming with the
-system. As with [5], where the font has an {\it analytic\/} and a
-{\it bitmapped\/} variant, we can distinguish between the need of modifying
-{\it cmapl10\/} via \METAFONT\ and modification of the pixel files.
-\APL\ symbols of various ``blackness'' or ``thickness'' may be desirable.
-Indeed, in [3] the user input is written with boldface \APL\ symbols
-and the answers from the interpreter with thin ones. Furthermore,
-certain screen previewers use specific small size pixel files, and
-do not support the \APL\ font.
-
-The modification of the font by changing the values of some global
-variables in the preamble of the \METAFONT\ file is easy and can be
-done by following how it is done in standard fonts such as
-{\it cmbx10\/} etc. This is the recommended way, too. However, if
-\METAFONT\ is not available, then one must attack the pixel files.
-For direct hand editing, we use a program that converts a pixel
-file into a (bitmapped) text file acceptable to any standard screen
-editor, and another program reading the edited file back into
-a \TeX\ pixel file. Scaling fonts down to a desired size can be
-done in a similar (but automatic) manner; this facility is needed
-by a previewer (written by the first author) not using runtime
-scaling.
-
-
-\section{References}
-\bigskip
-{
-\ref Digital Equipment Corporation: VAX-11 \APL\ Reference Manual.-
- 1983.
-
-\ref Feldberg, Ian: TEXT: Publication-Quality Characters Come
- to \APL\ Graphics.- Proceedings of the 1986 \APL\ Conference,
- SIGAPL, pp.\ 306--313.
-
-\ref Gilman, Leonard, and Allen J.\ Rose: \APL, An Interactive
- Approach.- John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., 1984.
-
-\ref Grenander, Ulf: Mathematical Experiments on the Computer.-
- Academic Press, 1982.
-
-\ref Howland, John E.: Typesetting \APL\ Using a Macintosh.-
- Proceedings of the 1986 \APL\ Conference, SIGAPL, pp.\ 301--305.
-
-\ref Iverson, Kenneth: A Programming Language.- Wiley, New York, 1962.
-
-
- }
-
-\bigskip
-\section{The address}
-\bigskip
-{\ninepoint\obeylines
-\hskip\refskip University of Helsinki
-\hskip\refskip Department of Mathematics
-\hskip\refskip Hallituskatu 15
-\hskip\refskip SF--00100 HELSINKI
-\hskip\refskip FINLAND
-}
-
-\end
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat2.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 05a6398b724..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/tugboat2.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,534 +0,0 @@
-
-%=============================================================================
-% T U G B O A T . T E X
-%=============================================================================
-%========================================================================
-% A TeX file for the paper on APL-TeX (new version, not published)
-%
-% A.Hohti/O.Kanerva (University of Helsinki) April 1987
-%========================================================================
-%
-%
-% Version of August 26, 1987 at 15:00
-%
-%
-%========================================================================
-\input aplstyle % the file containing the APL definitions
-%========================================================================
-%
-%
-\magnification=\magstep1 % for weak eyes!
-%
-%
-%========================================================================
-\font\bigbf=ambx10 % for titles
-\font\sltt=amsltt10 % for file contents inside text
-\font\manual=manfnt at 10pt % for major METAFONT logo
-\font\minual=manfnt at 9pt % for minor METAFONT logo
-\input ninesize % abstract, references
-%========================================================================
-%
-\def\METAFONT{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}
-\def\metafont{{\minual META}\-{\minual FONT}}
-%
-%========================================================================
-% stylistic definitions
-\def\section#1{\vskip0pt plus .1\vsize
- \penalty-250\vskip0pt plus-.1\vsize\bigskip
- \noindent{\bf #1.\ }\nobreak\message{#1}}
-\def\abstract#1{\bigskip\centerline{\hbox{
- \vbox{\hsize=4.75truein{\ninepoint \noindent ABSTRACT.\enspace#1}}}}}
-\def\APL{{\sl APL}}
-% this definition is from the TeXbook, Ex. 21.3 :
-\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule \hbox{\vrule \kern2pt
- \vbox{\kern2pt#1\kern2pt}\kern2pt\vrule}\hrule}}
-% A macro for making references and blocks.
-%
-\newdimen\refindent\newdimen\plusindent
-\newdimen\refskip\newdimen\tempindent
-\newdimen\extraindent
-\newcount\refcount
-%
-% \refskip has to be set by the user! Otherwise \parindent is
-% used, in accordance with \item.
-%
-\refcount=0
-\def\ref#1:#2.-#3\par{\ninepoint % switch to nine point fonts
-\advance\refcount by 1
-\setbox0=\hbox{[\number\refcount]}\refindent=\wd0
-\plusindent=\refskip\extraindent=\refskip
-\advance\plusindent by -\refindent\tempindent=\parindent %
-\parindent=0pt\par\hangindent\extraindent %
- [\number\refcount]\hskip\plusindent #1:{\sl#2},#3
-\parindent=\tempindent}
-%
-\refskip=\parindent
-%
-%========================================================================
- % HEADER
-\null
-\vskip2truecm
-%
- \centerline{\bigbf GENERATING AN \APL\ FONT}
-%
-\vskip.75truecm
-%
- \centerline{\sl Aarno Hohti and Okko Kanerva}
-%
-\vskip.5truecm
-%
- \centerline{\sl University of Helsinki}
-\vskip.5truecm
-\abstract{The \APL\ language is well known for its peculiar
- symbols which have inhibited the use of this language
- in many programming environments. Making \APL\
- documents of good quality has been difficult and
- expensive. We describe here a simple way how to
- use \metafont\ to generate an \APL\ font for \TeX\
- by using existing font definitions as far as possible.}
-\vskip.5truecm
-%========================================================================
-%
-\section{Introduction}
-This note describes an interesting exercise in using
-\METAFONT\ to produce new typefaces by combining letters
-from standard fonts. As we know, the \APL\ language [6] of
-Kenneth Iverson has never gained the popularity it deserves
-which is largely due to its strange symbol set. Indeed,
-true \APL\ users require a special keyboard to support
-the nonstandard but powerful operator symbols. Moreover,
-putting \APL\ into print has always been a problem, and
-modern low cost computerized typesetting programs do
-not usually support \APL\ style. \TeX\ can be used to
-produce high quality printouts for technical text,
-and it would be desirable to have a possibility to
-mix in \APL\ code. The companion program of
-\TeX ---\METAFONT ---provides a full means for a simple generation
-of an \APL\ font for \TeX, and the purpose of this
-note is to inform other people about the result we
-have obtained at the University of Helsinki. Let us note
-that there are at least three other \APL\ fonts available
-for small computer environments. Indeed, the newsletter
-\APL\ {\it Quote Quad\/}\footnote{*}{{\ninepoint Newsletter of SIGAPL,
-the Special Interest Group for \APL. {\it Quote Quad\/} has the same
-status in the world of \APL\ as TUGboat in \TeX{nical} world.}}
-is produced by using TROFF, and there
-exists a Postscript \APL\ font for the Apple Laserwriter [5] and
-another font for the TEXT typesetting system [2].
-
-Consider the following usual kind of function definition in \APL:
-\choosett{apl}
-\begintt
- @DLS_SUMSQ N;I
- [1] S_I_0
- [2] @GO(N<I_I+1)/0
- [3] S_S+I*2
- [4] @GO2
- [5] @DL
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}% %@@@@
-How to write in this code, providing that we have a suitable
-font? The \APL\ font should represent the screen
-output style of \APL\ code and obey the same laws of spacing.
-Hence, it should be a typewriter-like typeface with fixed
-spacing; the same approach for representing \TeX\ input was
-adopted by Knuth in the {\TeX}book.
-The {\it verbatim\/} macros have often been used for importing
-screen or paper outputs into \TeX\ documents; some people
-misuse them for an easy construction of tables etc. In
-{\sltt verbatim}, the typewriter mode is entered by the control
-sequence @\begintt@---that mode is ended by
-@\endtt@. In the same vein, we could enter
-the \APL\ mode by the control sequence @\beginapl@,
-and to end it by @\endapl@. However, it is more convenient to
-augment {\sltt verbatim\/} with {\sltt aplstyle\/} so that
-it can be used with several different typewriter-like fonts.
-(The {\it verbatim\/} macros can be found in the {\TeX}book,
-p.\ 421.) Since {\sltt\char'100\/}
-(the {\it at sign}) is used as the escape character inside {\it verbatim\/}
-mode, our \TeX\ code might (and in fact does) look as follows:
-\def\endsym{\char'134{endtt}} % just for using \endtt after \begintt
- % without actually ending anything
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- \choosett{apl}
- \begintt
- @@DLS_SUMSQ N;I
- [1] S_I_0
- [2] @@GO(N<I_I+1)/0
- [3] S_S+I*2
- [4] @@GO2
- [5] @@DL
- @endsym
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}% %@@@@
-The control sequences @\DL@ and @\GO@ are not chosen arbitrarily
-but follow the conventions used in Digital's VAX \APL\ interpreter [1].
-As terminals usually do not support the \APL\ character set, an
-alternative representation by two-letter mnemonics is provided by the
-interpreter. For the most part we have adopted these mnemonics also for our
-\APL\ font. Hence, as an additional bonus the user should find it
-easy to combine his or her \APL\ code with normal \TeX\ code. Thus,
-it is not necessary for a VAX \APL\ user to retype the definitions
-of \APL\ functions in order to be able to use them in documents.
-He or she only has to replace every {\it period\/} used as an
-escape character in Digital's interpreter, by {\sltt\char'100}.
-(There is another syntactical difference between Digital's interpreter
-and \TeX's {\it verbatim\/} mode: for the interpreter
-the third ordinary character after an escape character
-does no longer belong to the escape sequence while \TeX\ admits
-arbitrarily long control sequences. We take care of this
-by changing certain {\it catcodes\/} temporarily.)
-%
-%
-\choosett{apl}%
-%
-\section{The \APL\ font table}
-\APL\ symbols are divided into two classes: the primitive symbols
-and those obtained by overstriking two primitive ones. The overstrikes
-are traditionally obtained by typing the first symbol, by using
-backspace to go back one space and then typing the second symbol
-{\sl over\/} the first one. However, in modern \APL\ keyboards these
-double symbols are assigned to non-alphanumeric keys (for example,
-to keys under the {\sltt ALT\/} key). We decided to include only the
-primitive \APL\ symbols in the font table; this enabled us to include
-also the lower-case letters, following modern conventions. (The original
-\APL\ letters were restricted to capitals.) The comment symbol
-@"@ is the only exception since it is keyed in as a double quote.
-Our font is a fixed size typeface with strongly slanted letters.
-Moreover, we have followed the style of best books in \APL:
-all symbols should be drawn with a thin pen to get a touch of
-a typewriter. (This point is clearly witnessed, for example, in [5].)
-The places of some symbols are determined by the \TeX\ font tables.
-For example, the hash sign {\sltt\char'043\/} is used for the
-multiplication sign in VAX \APL, and hence the corresponding symbol
-has the the same octal code (043) as the hash sign in \TeX.
-The font table has the following form: %@@@@
-
-%========================================================================
-% table begins
-%========================================================================
-% This macro comes from TUGboat (I (AH) do not remember which number),
-% unsuitable parts are commented out.
-%
-{\baselineskip=0pt \lineskip=0pt
-\newdimen\vu
-%
-%\output={\shipout\vbox{\unvbox255\vskip0.4in}\advancepageno}
-%
-\setbox9=\hbox{\sl 0}
-\def\spike{\hbox to 0pt{\vbox to \ht9{}}}
-\def\cell#1{\hbox to 1\vu{\hfill\char'#1\hfill}\vrule}
-\def\label#1{\vbox to \ht8{\vfill\hbox to 35pt{\hfill\sl '#10\hskip1em%
- }\vfill}\vrule}
-%
-\def\seprow{\def\m{\hskip 1\vu{}\vrule height 2pt}\hbox{\m\m\m\m\m\m\m\m}}
-\def\cellrow#1{\setbox8=\vbox{\seprow\hbox{\spike%
- \cell{#10}\cell{#11}\cell{#12}\cell{#13}%
- \cell{#14}\cell{#15}\cell{#16}\cell{#17}\hfill%
- }\seprow\hrule}\hbox{\label{#1}\box8}}
-%
-\def\lcol#1{\hbox to 1\vu{\hfill{\sl #1}\hfill}\hskip .4pt}
-\def\chw#1{\hbox{\char'#1}}
-%
-\def\colw#1{\vbox{\chw{#10}
- \chw{#11}
- \chw{#12}
- \chw{#13}
- \chw{#14}
- \chw{#15}
- \chw{#16}
- \chw{#17}}}
-%
-\def\setw#1{\vbox{\colw{#10}
- \colw{#11}
- \colw{#12}
- \colw{#13}
- \colw{#14}
- \colw{#15}
- \colw{#16}
- \colw{#17}}}
-%
-\def\getw{\setbox0=\vbox{\setw0\setw1\hbox to \wd9{}\hbox to 1em{}}%
- \vu=1.625\wd0}
-%
- \apl\getw\bigskip % changed from \null\vfill to \bigskip
-%
- \centerline{\vbox{%\hbox{\hskip35pt{\sl cmapl10}\hfill}
-% \vskip20pt
- \hbox{\hskip35pt\lcol0\lcol1\lcol2\lcol3\lcol4\lcol5\lcol6\lcol7}
- \vskip 4pt
- \hbox{\hskip35pt\vbox{\hrule width 8\vu}\vbox{\hrule width 3.6pt}}
- \cellrow{00}\cellrow{01}\cellrow{02}\cellrow{03}
- \cellrow{04}\cellrow{05}\cellrow{06}\cellrow{07}
- \cellrow{10}\cellrow{11}\cellrow{12}\cellrow{13}
- \cellrow{14}\cellrow{15}\cellrow{16}\cellrow{17}}}} % removed \vfill
-% % from the end
-%
-%========================================================================
-% table ends
-%========================================================================
-%
-\section{The necessary \METAFONT\ files}
-The whole process started when the first author had a paper
-containing \APL\ symbols and was disappointed with the
-quality of the symbols available on the typewriter. Moreover,
-the secretary who had typed the text had forgot a couple
-of lines in the middle of the paper, and the correction of
-such mistakes seemed to be very clumsy in comparison with
-modern typesetting. Then he decided (together with the second
-author) to remedy the situation by creating an \APL\ font for
-\TeX\ he was using for other kinds of document. Many of the
-\APL\ symbols needed were contained in standard fonts; for example,
-{\it diamond\/} can be found in {\it cmsy10}. For alphanumeric
-characters one could use {\it cmsltt10}. The simplest try for
-a solution of the problem would be to write a list of definitions
-that pick symbols from appropriate fonts. However, this brute force
-method does not really work since these symbols come from
-very different typefaces and, moreover, do not provide a fixed
-typeface. Hence, we decided to find an easy way of producing
-an \APL\ font by using \METAFONT.
-
-As the starting point, we took the font {\it cmtex10}. This is a
-fixed typeface for an extended typewriter-like font including
-some Greek characters and mathematical symbols. The \METAFONT\ file
-for this font, {\sltt cmtex10.mf\/} contains (as usual) a preamble
-that assigns values to several global variables, and the command
-{\sltt generate textset;\/}. Now the {\sl driver\/} file {\sltt textset.mf\/} %@@@@
-contains the commands {\sltt mode\_setup;font\_setup;\/} %@@@@
-(establishing the values of the variables for this font) and several
-input files from which the \METAFONT\ descriptions of the characters are to
-be found. Since some of these files treat the characters by name and
-since some of the definitions have to be changed (and some dropped),
-we considered it advisable to discard the driver file and to collect
-the separate \METAFONT\ files, together with the preamble, to form a
-large single file {\sltt cmapl10.mf}. The {\sltt .mf\/} character files
-needed for {\sltt cmapl10.mf\/} are the following:
-%
-%
-$$\vbox{\halign{{\sltt#}\hfil && \quad #\hfil\cr
-%
- greekl & ({\it rho, omega, alpha}) \cr
- italms & ({\it iota}) \cr
- romand & (roman digits) \cr
- punct & (punctuation symbols) \cr
- romanp & \cr
- symbol & (math symbols) \cr
- sym & \cr
- romanu & (uppercase letters) \cr
- romanl & (lowercase letters) \cr
-%
-}}$$
-%
-%
-\section{Definitions}
-\choosett{tentt}%
-The first thing to do is to put {\sltt font\_identifier:="CMAPL";\/} %@@@@
-and to set {\sltt slant:=0;\/} in the preamble. Many definitions can %@@@@
-be copied verbatim from the {\sltt .mf\/} files, but some of them
-need changes. The Greek {\it iota}, as given in {\sltt greekl.mf},
-is strange to \APL\ style; we use instead the {\it dotless i\/}
-from {\sltt italms.mf}. Moreover, we used the symbol {\it elt\/}
-(element) from {\sltt sym.mf\/} instead of the Greek {\it epsilon}.
-The symbols {\it del\/} and {\it delta\/} are
-taken from {\sltt symbol.mf\/} (where their names are {\it large triangle\/}
-and {\it large inverted triangle}). However, they are too sturdy
-and too short to be placed in a proper \APL\ font. Further, {\it del\/}
-must be lifted up so that it is vertically aligned with other
-symbols. The modifications are very easy to do, and the modified %@@@@ , by ,and
-definition is shown below.
-%
-%
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- % sqrt48 was changed to 6.25 since the del symbol in APL has
- % a narrower top than the original reversed triangle symbol
- % rule.nib has been changed to light_rule.nib
- % bot y3=-d-o has been changed to bot y3=0
- % top y1=h-d has been changed to top y1=h+2o
- @null
- cmchar "Del";
- beginchar(oct"002",16u#,asc_height#,0);
- adjust_fit(0,0); pickup light_rule.nib;
- top y1=h+2o; y2=y1; bot y3=0;
- .5[x1,x2]=x3=good.x .5w; w:=r:=2x3; lft x1=hround(.5w-u*6.25);
- draw z1--z2--z3--cycle; % stroke
- labels(1,2,3); endchar;
-\endtt
-As can be seen from this example, pen strokes were made thinner.
-Actually only one symbol was directly missing---this is the {\it quad
-box}. However, it can be obtained from the above by adding one control point:
-\begintt
- cmchar "Quad";
- beginchar(oct"001",16u#,body_height#,0);
- adjust_fit(0,0); pickup light_rule.nib;
- bot y1=0; y2=y1; top y3=h+2o; y4=y3;
- .5[x1,x2]=x5=good.x .5w; w:=r:=2x5;
- % The quad box is slightly wider than Del
- lft x1=hround(.5w-u*7);
- x3=x1; x4=x2;
- draw z1--z2--z4--z3--cycle; % box
- labels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
-\endtt
-After taking care of special symbols, the letters can be treated
-by finding a suitable value for {\it tilt ratio\/} (slant). Indeed,
-\APL\ letters are {\sl very\/} slanted. We suggest the value
-1/5 for this font (the font {\it cmsl10\/} uses 1/6). One should
-remember to give the command {\sltt font\_setup;\/} after setting {\sltt slant\/} %@@@@
-to 1/5.
-\choosett{sltt}% %@@@@
-Finally, one has to make the {\it verbatim\/} macros
-suitable for \APL\ style. Since {\it verbatim\/} might be
-used for several different fonts in one document, we decided
-to include a control sequence @\choosett@.
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- \def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax}
- \newif\ifapl \def\aplname{apl}
- \outer\def\choosett#1{\ifundefined{#1}%
- \message{Undefined font(?), replaced with cmtt10}%
- \let\tt=\tentt
- \else
- \def\tt{\expandafter\csname#1\endcsname}%
- \def\ttname{#1}%
- \ifx\ttname\aplname\apltrue\else\aplfalse\fi\fi}
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}%
-(The control sequence @\ifundefined@ comes from the \TeX{book}, p.\ 308.)
-With the help of @\choosett@, the standard @verbatim@ macros can be used
-with the single change that @\ifapl@, then the @\catcode@ of @A@,\dots,@Z@
-is @\other@ (12) instead of 11 for {\it letter}. Under \APL\ mode \TeX\
-will then recognize our single-letter control sequences defined, e.g., by
-\choosett{tentt}
-\begintt
- \def\A#1{\if#1B{\apl\char'174}\else % stile
- \if#1M{\apl\char'004}\fi\fi} % alpha .
-\endtt
-\choosett{sltt}%
-Unfortunately, we have redefined the standard @\L@, @\O@, @\P@ and @\S@.
-
-The \APL\ symbols not in the font table are obtained---as usual---by
-overstriking two table symbols.
-\choosett{tentt}%
-\begintt
- \newbox\firstchar\newskip\charwidth
- \def\overstrike#1#2{\setbox\firstchar=\hbox{#1}\charwidth=\wd\firstchar
- #1\hskip-\charwidth#2}
-\endtt
-\choosett{apl}%
-For example, the {\it grade up\/} and {\it grade down\/} symbols
-\G U\ and \G D\ are obtained by striking the {\it stile\/} symbol
-@|@ over \L D\ and \D L, respectively.
-\choosett{tentt}%
-\begintt
- \def\G#1{\if#1U{\overstrike{\LD}{\AB}}\else % grade up
- \if#1D{\overstrike{\DL}{\AB}}\fi\fi} % grade down
-\endtt
-Now let us take another example on \APL. The input
-\begintt
- \choosett{apl} % in case some other choice is in force
- \setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=5.7truein
- \begintt
- [0] Z_A1 PROD A2;A;I;V
- [1] "RETURNS THE PRODUCT OF THE POLYNOMIALS A1 AND A2
- [2] "THE ARGUMENTS ARE GIVEN AS COEFFICIENT ARRAYS
- [3] I_@@ROA1
- [4] Z_A1@@SO.#A2
- [5] LOOP:V_@@ROZ @@DM V[(@@ROI)+1]-1
- [6] V_@@ROZ_Z,[(@@ROI)+1]V@@RO0
- [7] A_(1+-@@IOV[1])@@SO.#((@@NT(@@IO@@ROV)@@EP(1,(@@ROI)+1))/V)@@RO1
- [8] Z_+/[1]A@@RV[(@@ROI)+1]Z
- [9] ((@@RO@@ROZ)>@@ROI)/LOOP
- @endsym
- }
- $$\boxit{\boxit{\box0}}$$
- \centerline{\sevenrm An APL function for polynomial multiplication}
-\endtt
-%
-gives the output
-%
-\choosett{apl}
-\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=5.7truein
-\begintt
- [0] Z_A1 PROD A2;A;I;V
- [1] "RETURNS THE PRODUCT OF THE POLYNOMIALS A1 AND A2
- [2] "THE ARGUMENTS ARE GIVEN AS COEFFICIENT ARRAYS
- [3] I_@ROA1
- [4] Z_A1@SO.#A2
- [5] LOOP:V_@ROZ @DM V[(@ROI)+1]-1
- [6] V_@ROZ_Z,[(@ROI)+1]V@RO0
- [7] A_(1+-@IOV[1])@SO.#((@NT(@IO@ROV)@EP(1,(@ROI)+1))/V)@RO1
- [8] Z_+/[1]A@RV[(@ROI)+1]Z
- [9] ((@RO@ROZ)>@ROI)/LOOP
-\endtt
- }
-$$\boxit{\boxit{\box0}}$$
-\centerline{\sevenrm An APL function for polynomial multiplication}
-%
-\section{User extension}
-A modern user of a computerized typesetting facility will probably
-ask if it is possible to extend or modify fonts coming with the
-system. As with [5], where the font has an {\it analytic\/} and a
-{\it bitmapped\/} variant, we can distinguish between the need of modifying
-{\it cmapl10\/} via \METAFONT\ and modification of the pixel files.
-\APL\ symbols of various ``blackness'' or ``thickness'' may be desirable.
-Indeed, in [3] the user input is written with boldface \APL\ symbols
-and the answers from the interpreter with thin ones. Furthermore,
-certain screen previewers use specific small size pixel files, and
-do not support the \APL\ font.
-
-The modification of the font by changing the values of some global
-variables in the preamble of the \METAFONT\ file is easy and can be
-done by following how it is done in standard fonts such as
-{\it cmbx10\/} etc. This is the recommended way, too. However, if
-\METAFONT\ is not available, then one must attack the pixel files.
-For direct hand editing, we use a program that converts a pixel
-file into a (bitmapped) text file acceptable to any standard screen
-editor, and another program reading the edited file back into
-a \TeX\ pixel file. Scaling fonts down to a desired size can be
-done in a similar (but automatic) manner; this facility is needed
-by a previewer (written by the first author) not using runtime
-scaling.
-
-
-\section{References}
-\bigskip
-{
-\ref Digital Equipment Corporation: VAX-11 \APL\ Reference Manual.-
- 1983.
-
-\ref Feldberg, Ian: TEXT: Publication-Quality Characters Come
- to \APL\ Graphics.- Proceedings of the 1986 \APL\ Conference,
- SIGAPL, pp.\ 306--313.
-
-\ref Gilman, Leonard, and Allen J.\ Rose: \APL, An Interactive
- Approach.- John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., 1984.
-
-\ref Grenander, Ulf: Mathematical Experiments on the Computer.-
- Academic Press, 1982.
-
-\ref Howland, John E.: Typesetting \APL\ Using a Macintosh.-
- Proceedings of the 1986 \APL\ Conference, SIGAPL, pp.\ 301--305.
-
-\ref Iverson, Kenneth: A Programming Language.- Wiley, New York, 1962.
-
-
- }
-
-\bigskip
-\section{The address}
-\bigskip
-{\ninepoint\obeylines
-\hskip\refskip University of Helsinki
-\hskip\refskip Department of Mathematics
-\hskip\refskip Hallituskatu 15
-\hskip\refskip SF--00100 HELSINKI
-\hskip\refskip FINLAND
-}
-
-\end
-
-
-%============================================================================
-%
-%============================================================================
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/versatim.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/versatim.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index c2ff320a7e5..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apl/versatim.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-
-%=============================================================================
-% V E R S A T I M . T E X
-%=============================================================================
-%
-%
-\newskip\verbatimindent \verbatimindent=0cm
-\newskip\ttglue{\tt \global\ttglue=.5em plus.25em minus.15em}
-\def\@{\char'100 }
-%
-\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
-{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
- {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup&\hskip\verbatimindent##\hfil\cr}}
-\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
-%
-\chardef\other=12
-\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
- \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
- \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other
- \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other\catcode`\*=\other\catcode`\==\other
-%
-\ifapl
-\catcode`\A=12
-\catcode`\B=12
-\catcode`\C=12
-\catcode`\D=12
-\catcode`\E=12
-\catcode`\F=12
-\catcode`\G=12
-\catcode`\H=12
-\catcode`\I=12
-\catcode`\J=12
-\catcode`\K=12
-\catcode`\L=12
-\catcode`\M=12
-\catcode`\N=12
-\catcode`\O=12
-\catcode`\P=12
-\catcode`\Q=12
-\catcode`\R=12
-\catcode`\S=12
-\catcode`\T=12
-\catcode`\U=12
-\catcode`\V=12
-\catcode`\W=12
-\catcode`\X=12
-\catcode`\Y=12
-\catcode`\Z=12
-\fi
-%
- \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
-{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }}
-%
-\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf \ttverbatim \parskip=0pt
- \catcode`\@=0 \parindent=\verbatimindent \rightskip=-5pc \ttfinish}
-{\catcode`\@=0 @catcode`@\=\other % @ is temporary escape character
- @obeylines % end of line is active
- @gdef@ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1@vbox{#2}@endgroup$$}}
-%
-\catcode`\@=\active
-{\obeylines\gdef@{\ttverbatim\spaceskip=\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let@=\endgroup}}
-
-
-\def\beginlines{\par\begingroup\nobreak\medskip\parindent=0pt
- \kern1pt\nobreak \obeylines \everypar{\strut}}
-\def\endlines{\kern1pt\endgroup\medbreak\noindent}