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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2009-01-11 01:42:47 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2009-01-11 01:42:47 +0000
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parent309577f1b14a61f0bb2426acea6fa07c41227a95 (diff)
rm geomsty, license nocommercial
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-% $Header: /usr/home/levy/texts/geomsty/RCS/manual.tex,v 1.12 95/07/03 15:57:22 levy Exp Locker: levy $
-
-\documentstyle[11pt,geom]{article}
-
-\def\leftfoot{\RCSstring$Revision: 1.12 $}
-\def\rightfoot{\RCSstring$Date: 95/07/03 15:57:22 $}
-\def\RCSstring$#1 ${#1}
-
-\addtolength{\textwidth}{.5in}
-\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-.25in}
-\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-.25in}
-\def\AmS{{\the\textfont2 A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{M}\kern-.125emS}}
-\def\amstex/{\AmS-\TeX}
-\def\amslatex/{\AmS-\LaTeX{}}
-\def\latex/{\LaTeX{}}
-
-\makeatletter
-\def\@verbatim{\par\small\trivlist \item[]\if@minipage\else\vskip\parskip\fi
-\leftskip\@totalleftmargin\advance\leftskip 1em \rightskip\z@
-\parindent\z@\parfillskip\@flushglue\parskip\z@
-\@tempswafalse \def\par{\if@tempswa\hbox{}\fi\@tempswatrue\@@par}
-\obeylines \tt \catcode``=13 \@noligs \let\do\@makeother \dospecials}
-\makeatother
-
-\newenvironment{wizard}{\medbreak\begin{small}
- \leavevmode\llap{\hbox to \parindent{$*$\hfil}}}{\par\end{small}\medbreak}
-\def\preref#1{{\normalshape#1}}
-\newtheorem[{\par\large}{\it}]{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
-\equationwith{theorem}
-\newtheorem[{\par\large}{}]{warning}{Warning}
-\def\thewarning{\unskip}
-\def\picpath{}
-
-\makeatletter
-\ifx\fmtname\format@e
-\DeclareSymbolFont{AMSa}{U}{msa}{m}{n}
-\DeclareMathSymbol\square {\mathord}{AMSa}{"03}
-\fi
-\makeatother
-
-\makeindex
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\title{The {\tt geom} style for \latex/}
-\author{Silvio Levy\\Geometry Center\\
-University of Minnesota}
-\date{Revised for \latex/2$_\epsilon$, July 1995}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\tableofcontents
-%\listoffigures
-
-\vfil
-
-\copyright 1992 Silvio Levy. The software described in this document
-is available free of charge through the Geometry Center at the
-University of Minnesota. It is distributed without any warranty,
-express or implied.
-
-Bug reports and comments about the software and documentation
-can be sent to {\tt levy@geom.umn.edu}. I will take them into
-consideration in future releases, but there is no
-guarantee that particular bugs will be fixed.
-
-\vfil\eject
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-This document describes a \latex/ style called \ix{{\tt geom}},
-which is loosely based on Lamport's \verb+book+
-and \verb+article+ styles \cite{Lamport},
-but provides a number of additional features, such as:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
-inclusion of \ix{PostScript} figures in the document,
-and of \TeX\ text within figures;
-\item
-automatic creation of index entries and cross-reference
-labels where appropriate;
-\item
-no restriction on the use of macros and special characters in
-titles, cross-references, captions, etc.;
-\item
-greater versatility in defining theorem-like environments;
-\item
-upright digits in an italics environment (optionally); and
-\item
-proofing aids such as version numbers and a running index.
-\end{itemize}
-There are also purely esthetic differences,
-many of which can be controlled by the user.
-
-This style had its inception in a set of \latex/ macros
-\ixinv{historical notes}%
-\ixinv{acknowledgements}%
-written for the formatting of \ix{Bill Thurston}'s \ix{{\it
-Three-Dimensional Geometry and Topology}}, first by \ix{Yair Minsky}
-and subsequently by me. After three years of gestation, the macros
-started being used intensively by some other people---notably Thurston,
-\ix{David Epstein} and a number of students at \ix{Warwick
-University}---and more modifications, including a complete rewrite,
-were made. The first book published using the \verb+geom+ style
-\cite{Epstein:WordProcessing} came out in February 1992.
-
-The Appendix to this document describes \verb+mathfig+, a system for
-typesetting \TeX\ labels in Mathematica figures. (Mathematica is
-described in \cite{wolfram}). This system can also be used
-independently of \verb+geom+.
-
-This release owes much to the patience of these first users and the
-feedback they provided, for which I am very grateful. Naturally, my
-debt to the people on whose work I've built---\ix{Don Knuth},
-\ix{Leslie Lamport}, \ix{Rainer Sch\"opf}, \ix{Frank Mittelbach},
-\ix{Trevor Darrell} and others---is impossible to quantify. I wish to
-take this opportunity to thank them, and also John Rawnsley, who
-provided the port to \latex/2$_\epsilon$. I also thank Al Marden, the
-Founding Director of the Geometry Center, for creating the conditions
-needed for this work to happen.
-
-\section{Overall Organization}
-
-In order to use this style, you need to be running a version of
-\latex/ that supports the so-called \ix{new font selection
-scheme} (NFSS), due to Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Sch\"opf.
-If your version of \latex/ is \latex/2$_\epsilon$, you are
-automatically using NFSS. If your version is \latex/2.09, you must
-check whether it supports NFSS. Start \latex/ and type
-\verb+\show\selectfont+. If the response includes
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-> \selectfont=undefined.
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-this is the wrong \latex/. Don't despair yet;
-the right \latex/ may be available at your
-site, but under a different name---try \verb+amslatex+,
-or ask your local guru. (Strictly speaking, \amslatex/
-\cite{amslatex} is a set of \latex/ style files that emulate \amstex/.
-Since their use requires NFSS and the
-necessary modifications used to be supplied with the \amslatex/ style files,
-the name is sometimes used for \latex/+NFSS.) If you can't find
-\latex/+NFSS at all, see further instructions in \Fullref{Installation}.
-
-Unlike most other \latex/ styles, \verb+geom+ comes in several
-files, devoted to different capabilities such as cross-referencing,
-figures, indexing and so on.
-The files currently in the distribution are:
-$$\hbox to \hsize{\small
-\valign{&\hbox{\strut #}\cr
-{\tt dvips.chg}&
-{\tt geom.sty}&
-{\tt geomar10.sty}&
-{\tt geomar11.sty}&
-{\tt geomar12.sty}&
-{\tt geomart.sty}&
-{\tt geombk10.sty}&
-{\tt geombk11.sty}&
-{\tt geombk12.sty}\cr
-\noalign{\hfil}
-%
-driver dependencies&
-master file&
-changes to \verb+art10.sty+&
-changes to \verb+art11.sty+&
-changes to \verb+art12.sty+&
-changes to \verb+article.sty+&
-changes to \verb+book10.sty+&
-changes to \verb+book11.sty+&
-changes to \verb+book12.sty+\cr
-\noalign{\hfil}
-%
-{\tt geombook.sty}&
-{\tt geomenv.sty}&
-{\tt geomeqns.sty}&
-{\tt geomfig.sty}&
-{\tt geomfnt.sty}&
-{\tt geomindx.sty}&
-{\tt geompsfi.sty}&
-{\tt multicol.doc}&
-{\tt multicol.sty}\cr
-\noalign{\hfil}
-%
-changes to \verb+book.sty+&
-environments&
-option file&
-high-level figure support&
-fonts and special symbols&
-index and glossary&
-PostScript figure support&
-source for \verb+multicol.sty+&
-two-column formatting\cr
-}}$$
-
-The file \verb+geom.sty+ is the master, and it is read in when
-\verb+geom+ is called as an option to a main document style, which can
-be either \verb+book+ or \verb+article+.
-That is, to use the stuff described in this document,
-\ixinv{calling {\tt geom}}%
-your text file should start with a line such as
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentstyle[12pt,geom,...]{book}
-\end{verbatim}
-When \verb+geom.sty+ is loaded in, it guesses what your main style is,
-and reads in some changes to that style, contained in the files
-\verb+geombook.sty+, \verb+geombk12.sty+, and so on.
-
-%Each of the following sections is devoted to one major feature of
-%\verb+geom+. Where appropriate, I discuss the file(s) where the feature
-%is implemented, to allow you to make your own modifications.
-
-The file \verb+multicol.sty+ is part of the package files developed by
-Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Sch\"opf at the University of Mainz.
-It is accompanied by \verb+multicol.doc+, which is a ``source'' file
-with documentation. To obtain more of the excellent software written
-by Mittelbach and Sch\"opf, check the CTAN archives (see the
-Installation section below).
-
-The rest of this document describes the installation of \verb+geom+
-(skip if it's already installed), its major features,
-and how you can take advantage of them and (sometimes) modify them.
-Some material that is either very technical or unlikely to be needed
-except under unusual circumstances is printer in smaller type and
-introduced by an asterisk $*$.
-
-\section{Installation}
-
-You only need to read this section if you are in charge of installing
-\verb+geom+ at your site. Installation is very simple if your \latex/
-supports NFSS and your \TeX-to-PostScript driver is Tom Rokicki's
-\verb+dvips+ \cite{Rokicki}.
-
-To check whether you have \latex/+NFSS, see the
-beginning of \Fullref{Overall Organization}. If you don't,
-it's time to switch over to \latex/2$_\epsilon$.
-Get it by ftp from one of the worldwide CTAN archives
-(currently \verb+pip.shsu.edu+,
-\verb+ftp.uni-stuttgart.de+, and \verb+tex.ac.uk+).
-
-If your driver is not
-\verb+dvips+, you have two choices: either install \verb+dvips+, which
-is almost certainly a good idea (get it by ftp from a CTAN archive); or make a
-copy of the file \verb+dvips.chg+ in this distribution, and modify it
-so it writes the \verb+\special+ commands required by your driver. If
-you adapt \verb+dvips.chg+ for your driver, give the new file a
-different name, and replace with this name all occurrences of
-\verb+dvips.chg+ in the rest of this section. Also, please send me a
-copy of the file, so I can include it in future distributions.
-
-As I was saying before I got sidetracked, installation is simple.
-If you're on a UNIX system, edit the \verb+Makefile+ to make sure the
-pathnames are correct for your site, and run \verb+make install+. If you're
-not on a UNIX system, here are the step-by-step instructions:
-
-Place the files listed in the previous section (all the distribution
-files that end in \verb+.sty+, \verb+.chg+ or \verb+.doc+) in the
-system-wide directory for \TeX\ input files. Create a symbolic link
-\verb+driver.chg+ in this directory, pointing to \verb+dvips.chg+.
-(If your system does not support symbolic links, copy \verb+dvips.chg+
-to \verb+driver.chg+.)
-
-Copy the file \verb+mathlabels.orig+ to \verb+mathlabels+ and edit its
-first line to be the correct pathname of the perl executable on your
-system. (If you don't have \verb|perl| at all, you don't know what
-you're missing---get it as soon as possible.) Decide on a directory
-where you want to install the auxiliary scripts \verb+mathlabels+ and
-\verb+geomfix+ (which are used by \verb+mathfig+), and put copies of
-them there. Copy the file \verb+mathfig.orig+ to \verb+mathfig+ and
-edit the lines at the top to specify the location of the
-\verb+mathlabels+ and \verb+geomfix+ scripts, then copy
-\verb+mathlabels+ to a system-wide directory for executables.
-%On a
-%UNIX system, copy \verb+mathfig.1.orig+ to
-%\verb+mathfig.1+ and edit it to correctly mention the loations of the
-%\verb+mathlabels+ and \verb+geomfix+ scripts, then
-%install the manual page \verb+mathfig.1+ in the appropriate place.
-
-Finally, copy \verb+math.pro+ and \verb+illustrator.pro+ into the
-directory where your \TeX-to-PostScript driver looks for prolog files.
-(This assumes your driver supports the inclusion of prolog files;
-switch to \verb+dvips+ if it doesn't.)
-
-\section{No More Fragile Commands}
-
-In standard \latex/, commands such as \verb+\section+ have {\it moving
-arguments}, that is, arguments that migrate to an auxiliary file {\it
-jobname}\verb+.aux+ to be used later in typesetting the table of
-contents and so on \cite[33--34]{Lamport}.
-In this process, macros in the body of the argument
-are expanded, so that when you type, say,
-\begin{verbatim}
-\section{Annoying \TeX nicalities}
-\end{verbatim}
-what goes into the auxiliary file is something like
-\begin{verbatim}
-\@writefile{toc}{\string\contentsline\space {chapter}{\string\numberline\space
-{1}Annoying T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emXnicalities}{1}}
-\end{verbatim}
-where the second line contains the expansion of the macro \verb+\TeX+.
-
-There are several problems with this. First, the expansion, and
-consequently the line where it occurs in the auxiliary file, can be
-very long, which in some implementations means that \TeX\ cannot
-read the line back in. Secondly, the expansion might not
-make sense, or might do the wrong thing, at the time when it is read in again.
-Even worse, the expansion
-of \verb+\section{\small foo}+, for example, actually
-causes an infinite loop.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-Experienced users of \TeX\ who
-want to know why this happens can try typing the following lines to
-plain \TeX:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\foo{\let\bar\foo}
-\foo %Nothing much happens
-\immediate\write0{\foo} %Disaster strikes
-\end{verbatim}
-The problem is that at the time of the \verb+\write+ no assignment is
-taking place, so the \verb+\foo+ at the end of the expansion is not
-handled as a literal.
-\end{wizard}
-
-Standard \latex/'s solution to these problems is for the user to
-precede ``fragile'' macros with the \verb+\protect+ command
-\cite[33--34]{Lamport}. By contrast, in the \verb+geom+ style,
-you don't have to worry about ``fragile'' commands
-in the following situations:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
-in the arguments of the sectioning commands
-\verb+\chapter+, \verb+\section+, and so on;
-\item
-in the optional argument to the \verb+theorem+
-environment and its relatives (\Fullref{Theorems and Their Friends});
-\item
-in the arguments to \verb+\caption+, \verb+\fig+ and its relatives
-(\Fullref{PostScript Figures});
-\item
-in the arguments to \verb+\markright+ and \verb+\markboth+;
-\item
-in the argument to \verb+\cite+.
-\end{itemize}
-This covers almost all important situations where fragile
-commands need to be \verb+\protect+ed \cite[151]{Lamport}. In future
-versions I hope to extend this permissiveness to the remaining
-situations.
-
-Notice, however, that the \verb+\verb|...|+ construction continues to
-be forbidden inside arguments to most commands. This is due to
-reasons deeply embedded in \TeX\ itself, and is unlikely ever to
-change.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-In some circumstances you might want the old \latex/ behavior of
-macro expansion inside the argument of \verb+\chapter+, say.
-For instance, you might have a locally defined macro whose definition
-will be unknown at the time the table of contents is read.
-In this case you can use the following construction:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\edef\mystring{...} % where ... stands for the argument to be expanded
-\expandafter\chapter\expandafter{\mystring}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wizard}
-
-\section{Labels and Cross-References}
-
-In standard \latex/, the argument to the \verb+\label+ command cannot
-contain anything but characters (after expansion). In the \verb+geom+
-style, this restriction is lifted, so labels contain just about
-anything. For example, \verb+\label{\TeX}+ and
-\verb+\label{Isometries of $\bold R^2$}+ are acceptable. Macros are
-no longer expanded.
-
-One advantage of this flexibility is that subdivisions can be
-automatically labeled by their titles. In the \verb+geom+ format, by
-default, every sectioning command such as \verb+\section+ generates a
-label with its title. If this feature causes you to run out of
-memory, you can turn it off by saying \verb+\autolabelfalse+ in your
-document's preamble.
-
-To refer to the place where a label occurs, you can still use the
-\verb+\ref+ command, as in standard \latex/. This gives a bald
-number---for example, \verb+\ref{+{\tt Isometries of }\verb+$\bold R^2$}+ will
-print ``8.3'' if Section~8.3 starts with
-\verb+\section{+{\tt Isometries of }\verb+$\bold R^2$}+
-while automatic labeling is in effect.
-
-A new feature is that you can
-replace \verb+\ref+ by \verb+\fullref+ or \verb+\Fullref+, to get
-``section 8.3'' or ``Section 8.3'', respectively.
-The way \verb+\fullref+ works is by storing in a certain register the
-type of environment in which a label was created. Thus, when
-a new section starts, this register gets the value ``section''. When
-a \verb+\begin+ command introducing
-one of the environments described in \Fullref{Theorems and Their Friends} is encountered
-inside this section, the register gets updated to the type of that
-environment, say ``theorem''. It reverts to ``section'' when
-the matching \verb+\end+ command is read.
-
-Even if you have nested
-environments, labels placed in each of them are assigned the correct
-type. Consider the input
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newtheorem[{\par\large}{\it}]{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
-\equationwith{theorem} % These two lines are explained
-... % in later sections
-\begin{theorem}[Erd\"os]
-A theorem both deep and profound / Is that a circle is round:
-\begin{equation}
-\mathrm{curvature}\,S^1=\mathrm {const}.
-\label{circle}
-\end{equation}
-In a paper by Erd\"os / Written in Kurdish / A counterexample is found.
-\label{Kurdish}
-\end{theorem}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-which gives
-%
-\begin{theorem}[Erd\"os]
-A theorem both deep and profound / Is that a circle is round:
-\begin{equation}
-\mathrm{curvature}\,S^1=\mathrm {const}.
-\label{circle}
-\end{equation}
-In a paper by Erd\"os / Written in Kurdish / A counterexample is found.
-\label{Kurdish}
-\end{theorem}
-Now \verb+\Fullref{Erd\"os}+ gives ``\Fullref{Erd\"os}'',
-\verb+\Fullref{circle}+ gives ``\Fullref{circle}'', and
-\verb+\Fullref{Kurdish}+ gives ``\Fullref{Kurdish}''. Furthermore,
-\verb+\ref*{Erd\"os}+ gives ``\ref*{Erd\"os}'', that is, it prints the
-(optional) tag associated with theorems and the like. Of course you
-can also use \verb+\fullref*+ and \verb+\Fullref*+.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-If you disagree with \latex/'s idea of what the label type should be
-at a particular point, you can override is using \verb+\setlabeltype+.
-For example, if we had \verb+\setlabeltype{formula}+ right before the
-\verb+\label+ command in the previous example, the result of
-\verb+\Fullref{circle}+ would be ``Formula~\ref{circle}'' instead of
-``\Fullref{circle}''.
-\end{wizard}
-
-Before \verb+\ref+ actually prints the number of a cross-reference, it
-applies the macro \verb+\preref+ to it. By default, this macro does
-nothing; but you can redefine it to do whatever you want with the
-number. If you want the number to appear upright even if the
-surrounding text is in italics, you can say
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\preref#1{{\normalshape#1}}
-\end{verbatim}
-The output of \verb+\pageref+ and of \verb+\cite+ is also passed to
-\verb+\pageref+ before being printed.
-
-\section{Theorems and Their Friends}
-
-Standard \latex/ provides the \verb+\newtheorem+ command to create
-environments for statements like theorems, lemmas, and so on.
-The basic idea can be adapted for other types of text that should
-stand out, such an exercises, conventions, and so on.
-Not all of these should be treated typographically the same: for
-example, you might want exercises in smaller type.
-
-The \verb+geom+ style extends \latex/'s \verb+\newtheorem+ command
-to allow you to do this easily. Recall from \cite[58]{Lamport} that
-\verb+\newtheorem+ has two required arguments: the name of the new
-environment (say ``theorem''), and the text used to introduce it (say
-``Theorem''). In standard \latex/ it also takes an optional argument,
-whose meaning depends on whether it comes before or after the second
-required argument.
-
-In the \verb+geom+ style, you can use yet another optional argument,
-right after \verb+\newtheorem+, to tell \latex/ how this environment
-differs from a vanilla theorem-like environment. This optional
-argument should consist of two sequences of commands, each surrounded
-by braces, like this:
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newtheorem[{\par\large}{\it}]{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-(This is the same definition used for the
-example in \Fullref{Labels and Cross-References}.)
-
-The first sequence of commands in braces, \verb+\par\large+, will be
-executed as soon as \latex/ sees a \verb+\begin{theorem}+. This means
-the theorem will come out in larger type (see the output in
-\Fullref{Labels and Cross-References}). \latex/ implicitly starts a
-new level of braces when it encounters a \verb+\begin+
-command---changes inside the environment are local, so the
-\verb+\large+ will cease to have effect at the end of the environment.
-
-The second sequence of commands is inserted right after the
-introductory text {\bf{\def\preref#1{#1} \Fullref{Erd\"os}} (Erd\"os)}. It affects
-everything from that point till the end of the environment. Here
-we've used \verb+\it+, so the statement of the theorem is printed in
-italics. Note that, unlike the standard \verb+article+ and
-\verb+book+ styles, \verb+geom+ does not italicize theorems by
-default. If we didn't have the \verb+\it+ in the \verb+\newtheorem+
-command, the text of the theorem would be upright.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-You can also control the appearance of the introductory text itself
-by changing the definition of \verb+\theoremintro+, which by default is
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\theoremintro#1{\normalshape\bf#1}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-The argument \verb+#1+ stands for the introductory text.
-\end{wizard}
-
-You need two pairs of braces in the new optional argument to
-\verb+\newtheorem+, even if one is empty. If both are empty,
-the behavior is the same as if the optional argument weren't there.
-
-Another enhancement to \verb+\newtheorem+ in
-the \verb+geom+ style is automatic labeling. Suppose you say
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
-\end{verbatim}
-\newtheorem[{\setlabeltype{def.}}{}]{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
-%
-(recall from \cite[59]{Lamport} that the use of \verb+[theorem]+ causes
-definitions to be numbered in the same sequence as theorems,
-assuming the \verb+theorem+ environment has been previously defined).
-%
-Now saying
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{definition}[universe]
-The universe is a Hubble bubble.
-\end{definition}
-\end{verbatim}
-prints
-\begin{definition}[universe]
-The universe is a Hubble bubble.
-\end{definition}
-%
-and implicitly calls \verb+\label{universe}+. (As
-mentioned in \Fullref{Labels and Cross-References}, you can turn this
-feature off by saying \verb+\autolabelfalse+.) The environment knows
-its type at the time the label is made, so saying
-\verb+\Fullref{universe}+ will print ``Definition~\ref{universe}''.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-The type is usually just the environment name, but it can be
-overridden by including \verb+\setlabeltype+ (\Fullref{Labels and
-Cross-References}) in the first optional argument to
-\verb+\newtheorem+. Thus if the \verb+definition+ environment had
-been created with
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newtheorem[{\setlabeltype{def.}}{}]{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
-\end{verbatim}
-\verb+\Fullref{universe}+ would appear as ``\Fullref{universe}''.
-\end{wizard}
-
-The preferred style of some publishing houses calls for digits and
-punctuation to be typeset upright in theorems and such, amidst
-surrounding text in italics. The control sequence
-\verb+\specialdigits+ achieves this. It causes each digit in text, as
-well as parentheses, commas, colon, semicolons and periods, to
-effectively be preceded by \verb+\normalshape+. You can use
-\verb+\specialdigits+ after \verb+\it+ in the definition of a new
-environment with \verb+\newtheorem+.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-The way \verb+\specialdigits+ works is by making digits and
-punctuation into active characters (changing their \verb+\catcode+s to
-13). This has two consequences. First, characters that arise from
-macro expansion don't get the special treatment, because their
-\verb+\catcode+s are frozen beforehand; this is true, in particular,
-of the expansion of \verb+\ref+ commands (but see the end of
-\Fullref{Labels and Cross-References}).
-
-The second consequence is that the digits and decimal point no longer
-work in specifying dimensions: if you write \verb+\vskip 1in+ while
-\verb+\specialdigits+ is in effect, you get an error message
-complaining that a number was expected. To get around this, you can
-temporarily cancel the specialness with \verb+\regulardigits+. If you
-run into this problem more than once or twice, it's best to create a
-macro, outside the scope of \verb+\specialdigits+, that expands to the
-desired command (\verb+\def\inch{\vskip 1in}+).
-\end{wizard}
-
-\section{The Proof Environment}
-
-Theorems and proofs go hand in hand.
-The \verb+proof+ environment in \verb+geom+, in its most basic form,
-prints {\it Proof.} at the beginning of the proof, and an end-of-proof
-symbol $\square$ at the end. With an optional argument it behaves
-like this:
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{proof}[Poincar\'e conjecture]
-Notice first that ...
-... as we wished to show.
-\end{proof}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-\begin{proof}[Poincar\'e conjecture]
-Notice first that \dots\ as we wished to show.
-\end{proof}
-
-\begin{wizard}
-The formatting of the proof's introductory text is controlled by
-the macro \verb+\proofintro+, whose single argument is the optional
-argument to \verb+\begin{proof}+---in this case, ``Poincar\'e
-conjecture''. If the optional argument is not used,
-\verb+\proofintro+ is passed an empty argument.
-The default setting of \verb+\proofintro+ is
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\proofintro#1{\def\@tempa{#1}%
- {\it Proof\ifx\@tempa\empty\else\ of #1\fi. }\ignorespaces}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-You can probably figure out how it decides whether to write
-{\it Proof} or {\it Proof of\dots}. You can change its definition to
-obtain other effects.
-
-Likewise, the formatting of the box at the end of the proof is
-controlled by the macro \verb+\provedboxcontents+, which is entirely
-analogous. Its standard setting is
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\provedboxcontents#1{\def\@tempa{#1}%
- \ifx\@tempa\empty$\square$\else\fbox{\small#1}\fi}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wizard}
-
-To identify your proofs with the number of their corresponding
-theorems, lemmas, corollaries, etc., use \verb+\setprooftag+ in the
-definition of these environments. For instance, after you say
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newtheorem[{\setprooftag}{\it}]{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
-\newtheorem[{\setprooftag}{\it}]{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-\verb+\begin{proof}+ will behave as if you were passing it as
-its optional argument the number of the most recent theorem or corollary.
-Nested proofs keep track of their arguments correctly, so the box at
-the end of each gets the same tag as the {\it Proof of\dots} at the
-beginning.
-
-However, certain situations are too confusing for \verb+\setprooftag+.
-For example, if you state a corollary between a theorem and its proof,
-the proof will incorrectly get the corollary's number, which is more
-recent. In this situation you have to use the optional argument. Of
-course, it's best to use \verb+\ref{...}+ as the argument, rather than
-an explicit number, which might change later.
-
-If a proof
-ends with a displayed formula, it is recommented that the proved box
-be placed next to the formula (as if it were a tag). This is done
-by inserting \verb+\proved+ before the closing \verb+$$+.
-Likewise, if the last line of the proof is part of an \verb+\item+,
-you can use \verb+\proved+ before the closing \verb+\end{enumerate}+
-(or whatever) so the proved box won't be set on a line by itself.
-In even more difficult
-cases---for instance, a formula that already has a tag, or is part of a
-multi-line display---plop \verb+\box\provedbox+ where you want the box to be.
-
-\section{Equations}
-
-The \verb+geom+ style reinstates the plain \TeX\ macro
-\verb+\eqalign+, which is not part of standard \latex/ but is
-nonetheless very useful. Unlike the \verb+eqnarray+ environment,
-\verb+\eqalign+ creates math alignments that are not treated as whole
-lines, and so can be combined with other elements.
-
-The example in \Fullref{Labels and Cross-References} has
-\verb+\equationwith{theorem}+ after the \verb+theorem+
-environment is created.
-This causes equations made with the \verb+equation+ and
-the \verb+eqnarray+ environments to be numbered in the same sequence
-as theorems. You can replace \verb+theorem+ with any environment that
-was defined with \verb+\newtheorem+ and that has a counter with its name
-(the environment has a counter with its name if
-there was no optional argument between
-the first and second required arguments to \verb+\newtheorem+).
-
-If you load the optional style \verb+geomeqns+---that is,
-if your document starts with
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentstyle[geom,geomeqns,...
-\end{verbatim}
-the tags in the \verb+equation+ and the \verb+eqnarray+ environments
-are printed on the left, in boldface. This makes them visually
-similar to the tags that introduce theorems, so it is generally
-appropriate to use this style if you're numbering equations and
-theorems in the same sequence.
-
-\section{The {\mediumseries \tt Figure} and {\mediumseries \tt Table} environments}
-
-The \verb+geom+ style supports the \verb+figure+ and \verb+table+
-environments of standard \latex/, and, as mentioned above, if you use
-the \verb+\caption+ command you don't have to worry about fragile
-macros inside its argument. However, I recommend that you use
-instead the new \verb+Figure+ and \verb+Table+ environments, which
-provide some bells and whistles.
-
-These environments take three arguments: a cross-reference label, a title and
-a legend (or explanatory caption). The command
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{Figure}{torus}{The square torus}
-{A torus can be obtained, topologically,
-by gluing together parallel sides of a square.}
-$$
-\begin{picture}(1,1)
-... % lots of \put commands
-\end{picture}
-$$
-\end{Figure}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-prints
-%
-\begin{Figure}{torus}{The square torus}
-{A torus can be obtained, topologically,
-by gluing together parallel sides of a square.}
-$$
-\unitlength=1in
-\begin{picture}(1,1)
-\put(0,0){\vector(1,0){1}}
-\put(0,0){\vector(0,1){1}}
-\put(1,0){\vector(0,1){1}}
-\put(0,1){\vector(1,0){1}}
-\end{picture}
-$$
-\end{Figure}
-%
-
-\noindent
-and in addition it creates a cross-reference label \verb+torus+ and an
-entry in the table of contents with the text ``The square torus''.
-As you can see,
-the figure number and the title appear in
-boldface, the legend in a lighter face. In proofing mode
-(\Fullref{Proofing Aids}), the file
-name also appears under the figure, in tiny letters. If you don't
-want a legend, just write \verb+{}+ after the first two arguments.
-(In other words, the legend is {\it not} an optional argument---it is
-simply an argument that sometimes happens to be empty.)
-There is an optional argument to the \verb+\Figure+ environment, consisting
-of a subset of the letters \verb+htbp+ and indicating a location
-where the figure may be placed \cite[176]{Lamport}; it should come
-before all other arguments.
-All of this applies to the \verb+Table+ environment as well.
-
-\section{PostScript Figures}
-
-Most often your picture won't be made with \latex/ commands; it will
-exist in a separate PostScript file. Inclusion of PostScript figures
-is still a bit of a bugaboo for many \TeX\ users, in spite of the
-existence for many years now of Trevor Darrell's excellent macro
-package \ix{Psfig/\TeX} \cite{psfig} and others.
-
-The \verb+geom+ style automatically loads the file
-\verb+geompsfi.sty+, a modified version of \ix{Psfig/\TeX}
-(incorporating some improvements by \ix{Stephan Bechtols\-heim} and
-others of my own). It allows you to include PostScript figures very
-simply:
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\fig{PStorus}{The square torus}{A torus can be obtained, topologically,
-by gluing together parallel sides of a square.}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-\fig{PStorus}{The square torus}{A torus can be obtained, topologically,
-by gluing together parallel sides of a square.}
-
-The \verb+\fig+ macro takes the same three arguments (plus an optional
-one) as the \verb+Figure+ environment. But the first argument, in
-addition to being used to make a label, is also the name of the file
-where the PostScript figure is stored (minus the \verb+.ps+ suffix).
-Thus \Fullref{PStorus} is stored in the file \verb+PStorus.ps+.
-
-To get two or three figures side by side, sharing the same caption,
-use \verb+\doublefig+ or \verb+\triplefig+. The PostScript file names
-for \verb+\doublefig{foo}...+ would be in this case would be
-\verb+foo-1.ps+ and \verb+foo-2.ps+, and likewise for
-\verb+\triplefig+. There is no similar mechanism for more than three
-figures.
-
-The directory where the figures are to be found is governed by the
-macro \verb+\picpath+. For example, if the directory is
-called \verb+/u/levy/pictures+, you should say
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\picpath{/u/levy/pictures/}
-\end{verbatim}
-at the beginning of your document. (You need the \verb+/+ at the end.)
-
-\begin{wizard}
-You can also use a relative pathname, such as \verb+pictures/+, or even
-the empty string (or \verb+./+) for the current directory.
-However, the program that sends
-your \verb+.dvi+ file to the printer may not find the pictures since
-it is likely to be invoked from a different directory.
-
-If a pathname includes characters that are special to \TeX, you need
-to make then unspecial in order to define \verb+\picpath+. Here is an
-example:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begingroup % start a group so the change in _ is local
-\catcode`\_=12 % make _ behave like an ordinary character
-\gdef\picpath{/home/tampa_a/fac/wpt/pictures/} % this def is global
-\endgroup % now _ reverts to its usual meaning
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wizard}
-
-If you have a long document with lots of pictures, it is better to
-organize them into sections and chapters. In that case you should
-leave \verb+\picpath+ unset, and set the macro \verb+\masterpicpath+
-to the master picture directory. If I were using this scheme in this
-document, I might say
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\masterpicpath{/home/levy/pictures/}
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-and put \Fullref{torus} in file
-\verb+/home/levy/pictures/+{\tt\ref{PostScript Figures}}\verb+/PStorus.ps+.
-(With the \verb+book+ style, which has chapters, I would need
-\verb+chap3/+{\tt\ref{PostScript Figures}}
-instead of just {\tt\ref{PostScript Figures}}.)
-
-The way \verb+\fig+ works is by calling
-the command \verb+\psfig+ \cite{psfig}, which creates a \TeX\ \verb+\vbox+
-of the right size and containing instructions for the figure to be
-included at the time of printing. You normally won't use
-\verb+\psfig+ directly, since \verb+\fig+ calls it automaticaly.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-However, occasionally you many want to use \verb|\psfig| directly to
-take advantage of this macro's many options, such as resizing. See
-the Psfig/\TeX\ manual \cite{psfig} for details; but some of the newer
-options to Psfig/\TeX\ are not supported here.
-\end{wizard}
-
-In order for the \verb+\psfig+ command to know what size box to make,
-it needs to find your PostScript figure file, and
-the file must have near the top a line like this:
-\begin{verbatim}
-%%BoundingBox: 0 30 98 128
-\end{verbatim}
-The first two numbers represent the low $x$- and $y$-coordinates of
-the figure's bounding box, in points, and the last two represent
-the high $x$- and $y$-coordinates. In the example just given, which
-corresponds to \Fullref{PStorus}, the bounding box goes from $0$ to
-$98$~pt in the $x$-direction and from $30$ to $128$~pt in the
-$y$-direction, so its height and width are both $98$~pt, or
-approximately 1.35~inches. The corners of the bounding box appear on
-the page in proof mode (\Fullref{Proofing Aids}).
-
-Note that \verb+\psfig+ only cares about the height and the width of
-the bounding box, not about the actual values of the high and low
-coordinates. The latter are relevant only in reference to the
-coordinates of the objects inside the picture, about which
-\verb+\psfig+ knows nothing. (Thus the bottom left corner of the
-square in \Fullref{PStorus} has coordinates $(4,34)$, which is a
-little bit above and to the right of the bounding box's bottom left
-corner $(0,30)$.) If one added the same number to the $x$-coordinates
-of the bounding box and of every object in the picture, the result
-would be exactly the same.
-
-Normally, the \verb+%%BoundingBox+ line should have been placed in the
-PostScript file automatically, by whatever program you used to create
-the figure. If the program did not write a line like that, you have
-to do it by hand, and you should consider switching to another program.
-
-Notice that the labels $a$ and $b$ in \Fullref{PStorus} appear in
-the same font as they would in the text. In fact the labels were
-typeset by \TeX\ itself, and do not come from the PostScript file,
-where it would be hard to specify them satisfactorily---especially
-details such as the placement of the primes and other subscripts and
-superscripts. The information for these labels is contained in a file
-with the suffix \verb+.lab+, which normally is generated by the same
-program that creates the PostScript file, or by a postprocessor.
-If you want to include {\it Mathematica} graphics, for example, you
-should use the \verb+mathfig+ utility, described in the Appendix.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-The average user has no need to know what the \verb~.lab~ file looks
-like, but if you want to write a new postprocessor in order to
-implement this labeling scheme in conjunction with your favorite
-drawing program, here are the details. Each line of the file
-yields one label, and contains the \verb+\setlabel+ command
-followed by five arguments: the text of the label, to be typeset in
-math mode; the $x$- and $y$-coordinates of the label's {\it reference
-point}, in points; and the {\it relative} $x$- and $y$-coordinates of
-the reference point. A value of 1 for the last two arguments means
-the reference point of the label it at the top or right of the label's
-bounding box; a value of $-1$ means bottom or left, a value of $0$
-means middle, and so on.
-
-For example, here is the file \verb+PStorus.lab+ corresponding to
-\Fullref{PStorus}:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setlabel{a}{48.600000}{34.162104}{0}{1}
-\setlabel{b}{4.162104}{78.600000}{1}{0}
-\setlabel{a'}{48.600000}{123.037896}{0}{-1}
-\setlabel{b'}{93.037896}{78.600000}{-1}{0}
-\end{verbatim}
-For the label $a$, the reference point is at the top middle of the
-label's bounding box, so the label itself will be centered under the
-point with coordinates $(48.6,34.1)$.
-
-If you want to typeset a label outside math mode, use \latex/'s
-\verb+\mbox+ command (or \TeX's \verb+\hbox+). The font used by
-default in this case is the same as for captions. Thus, to get the
-label {\sf foo} you'll probably want to type the string
-\verb+\hbox{foo}+ into your figure-making program.
-
-Sometimes the fact that the source \verb+\hbox{foo}+ has many more
-characters than the output causes problems---for example, the
-figure-making program might leave too much space for the label. The
-macro \verb+\hyperactivelabels+ provides a way around this. This
-macro is called every time a label is about to be typeset, and you can
-define it at will, to allow abbreviations, say. Thus, after the
-commands
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\hyperactivelabels{\mathcode`:="8000}
-\def\activecolon#1:{\hbox{#1}}
-{\catcode`\:=\active\global\let:=\activecolon}
-\end{verbatim}
-the construction \verb+:foo:+ has exactly the same effect as
-\verb+\hbox{foo}+---but only inside labels. (The command
-\verb+\mathcode`:="8000+ causes the colon to be treated as an active
-character in math mode; the next two lines say, in a roundabout way,
-what this active character should do.)
-\end{wizard}
-
-Utilities (programs) that generate PostScript graphics files generally
-start the file with a ``signature'' (a comment line stating the
-utility's name and version) and a chunk of PostScript code---call it a
-header---establishing abbreviations, subroutines, fonts and the like.
-The header is always the same, so if you have dozens of figures
-generated by the same utility it's good to factor out this
-commonality, if possible. With certain utilities, you can save your
-files without the header. Then they won't print on their own; but
-when \verb+\psfig+ looks into them, if it can recognize the utility's
-signature, it puts into the dvi file a command that causes the
-inclusion of the header at printing time. This way the header is
-included only once for all figures, saving memory and time. The
-utilities that \verb+\psfig+ currently knows about are Mathematica
-\cite{wolfram} and Adobe Illustrator \cite{illustrator}. With
-Illustrator, saving without the header is accomplished by clicking on
-the appropriate entry in the ``Save As'' dialog box. For Mathematica,
-see the Appendix.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-For the signature to be seen by \verb+\psfig+, it must appear near the
-top of the file; the actual number of lines that \verb+\psfig+ scans
-is controlled by the counter \verb+\maxheaderlines+. The
-\verb+%%BoundingBox+ line must also lie in that same initial stretch.
-The default value of \verb+\maxheaderlines+ is 100, which is almost
-always adequate.
-\end{wizard}
-
-\section{Fonts}
-As mentioned in \Fullref{Overall Organization}, the \verb+geom+ style
-requires NFSS,
-a rational font management system that makes the use of new
-fonts easier than under old \latex/.
-
-Under this scheme, unlike the old, if you say \verb+\bf... \small...+,
-the \verb+\small+ has no effect on the boldness of the current
-font---size, boldness, style and so on are independent attributes.
-This is generally good, but it does create backward incompatibilities.
-For example, if you have an old \latex/ document where you've relied
-on \verb+\small+ to reset the weight of the font, you're in for a
-surprise. Also, \verb+\rm+ should generally be replaced by
-\verb+\normalshape+. For a list of all such differences, see
-\cite{amslatex}.
-
-Another case of conflicting ideas on what font-change commands should
-do is inside math mode. Under NFSS,
-\verb+\bf+ has no effect inside math mode---you need to say
-\verb+$\mathbf{xyz}$+, for example. The \verb+geom+ style will
-print a warning on your terminal if it sees \verb|\bf| in math mode.
-
-In addition to the math-mode commands \verb+\mathbf+, \verb+\mathrm+ and
-\verb+\mathit+, the \verb+geom+ style defines \verb+\mathss+ and
-\verb+\mathtt+ as the math mode counterparts of \verb+\sf+ (sans-serif)
-and \verb+\tt+ (typewriter type).
-
-Support for Fraktur (``gothic'') and blackboard-bold fonts is
-provided, as well as for the fonts \verb+msam+ and \verb+msbm+, which
-contain a plethora of mathematical symbols. This is all thanks to the
-AMS, and you should turn to the \amslatex/ distribution
-\cite{amslatex} if your site lacks the fonts themselves or the
-prerequisite auxiliary files \verb+amsfonts.sty+ and
-\verb+amssymb.sty+.
-
-\section{The Index, the Table of Contents and the Glossary}
-
-The basic command for putting something into the index is
-\verb+\index+, as in standard \latex/. But \verb+\index+ does not
-print its argument. To index a word that actually appears in the text
-say \verb+\ix{...}+. To index mathematical notation say
-\verb+\ixn$...$+ or \verb+\ixninv$...$+, depending on whether the
-contents should appear or not. And, just for symmetry, you can also
-use \verb+\ixinv+, which equals \verb+\index+:
-$$
-\vbox{\halign to .7\hsize{\tabskip=0pt plus 1fil
-#\hfil &&{\tt \char`\\ #}\hfil\cr
-&\omit Text&\omit Notation\cr
-\noalign{\medskip}
-Visible&ix&ixn\cr
-Invisible&ixinv&ixninv\cr}}
-$$
-
-An index entry is made automatically for any \verb+\label+ or
-\verb+\ref+ command. In the second case the entry goes into the index
-file preceded by a \verb+%+.
-
-Remember that, unless you have issued the
-command \verb|\autolabelfalse|, there are lots of situations in which
-a label, and consequently an index entry, is generated automatically:
-in particular, this happens for each sectioning command
-(\Fullref{Labels and Cross-References}) and for each tagged
-theorem, lemma, and so on (\Fullref{Theorems and Their Friends}).
-This provides a
-wealth of index entries, which later you can winnow out
-semi-automatically, if necessary, since entries of this sort appear in
-quotation marks, preceded by their type. You can see all the entries
-that a given page contributes to the index by looking at the small
-print on the top left of the page when proofing mode is on
-(\Fullref{Proofing Aids}).
-
-\begin{wizard}
-The \verb+geom+ style modifies the \verb+\theindex+ format of standard
-\latex/ so that the index is printed in smaller type. Moreover, it
-achieves a double-column format not by using standard \latex/'s
-\verb+\twocolumn+ command, which starts a new page, but rather
-\ix{Frank Mittelbach}'s \verb+multicols+ environment \cite{Mittelbach},
-which is implemented in the file \verb+multicol.sty+. Using this
-environment you can have single-column and double-column text on the
-same page. If you want to add an explanation before the index, for
-example, you might say something like this:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{theindex}
-\null % this avoids what seems to be a bug in multicol.sty
-\end{multicols} % end double column format started by \begin{theindex}
-
-Numbers in parentheses refer to pages where the entry should be
-discussed but isn't, due to laziness on the author's part.
-
-\begin{multicols}2 % restart double column format
-\item aardvark...
-\end{theindex}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wizard}
-
-Support for a glossary is somewhat more extensive than in standard
-\latex/. You can mark a word as a glossary entry by saying
-\verb+\glo{...}+; this causes a \glo{dagger} to be placed before the
-word, and an index entry for the word to be generated in the file {\it
-jobname}\verb+.idx+, preceded by \verb+\dag+.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-Note that the
-\verb+geom+ style does not use a separate {\it jobname}\verb+.glo+
-file; although standard \latex/'s \verb+\glossary+ command is still
-available if you insist in writing entries to that file, this command
-has not been made robust in the way that \verb+\index+ and \verb+\label+
-have. (See \Fullref{No More Fragile Commands}.)
-\end{wizard}
-
-The glossary itself is
-delimited by \verb+\begin{theglossary}+ and \verb+\end{theglossary}+.
-Glossary entries start like this:
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-\entry{doohickey} ...
-\entry[\cite{...}]{thingamajig} ...
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-The entry name is printed in boldface, followed by a period.
-The contents of the optional argument are printed immediately after
-the entry name, before the period. The comments made above about
-double-column formatting apply to the glossary as well.
-
-The table of contents is treated in much the same way as in standard
-\latex/, but there is one important difference: starred sectioning
-commands, like \verb+\section*+, do show up in the table of contents,
-unless you've said \verb+\starredcontentsfalse+.
-Since one generally doesn't want the table of contents
-to include an entry for the table of contents itself,
-the definition of \verb+\tableofcontents+ in
-\verb+geomart.sty+ starts like this:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\tableofcontents{{\starredcontentsfalse\section*{Contents}...}}
-\end{verbatim}
-The extra pair of braces limits the action of
-\verb+\starredcontentsfalse+ to this entry only.
-
-\section{Proofing Aids}
-
-The \verb+geom+ style provides a number of proofing aids that you can
-turn on and off by saying \verb+\proofingtrue+ and
-\verb+\proofingfalse+. The default is for proofing to be on. These
-facilities are independent of standard \latex/'s \verb+draft+ option
-to the \verb+book+ and \verb+article+ style, whose only effect is to
-make overfull box markers visible.
-
-If you use \latex/'s \verb+\includeonly+ mechanism \cite[76]{Lamport},
-you can print your final version by passing the macro
-\verb+\noproofing+ as the argument to \verb+\includeonly+. This not
-only turns off all proofing aids, but also prevents \latex/ from
-starting a new page for each input file. (Naturally, the page breaks
-will likely be different because of that, so you'll need to run the
-job twice to get cross-references right.)
-
-\begin{wizard}
-Normally you have two lines like this in the main file for your
-document:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\typein[\sectionstoinclude]{Enter the sections that should be processed: }
-\includeonly{\sectionstoinclude}
-\end{verbatim}
-so you can type in the sections to be included from the terminal,
-without having to modify the source file. The macro
-\verb+\noproofing+ works in this mode, too.
-\end{wizard}
-
-By the way, if you are using the \verb+book+ style, the construction
-\verb+\chap1{345}+ expands to
-\begin{verbatim}
-chap1/1.3,chap1/1.4,chap1/1.5
-\end{verbatim}
-This has nothing to do with proofing, but it provides a useful shorthand
-for use with \verb+\includeonly+.
-Braces should be used around a section or chapter number having more
-than one digit.
-
-In proofing mode you get, to the left of the main text, a column in
-tiny print with all the index entries contributed by that page. This
-includes automatic entries with their respective prefixes (see
-\Fullref{The Index, the Table of Contents and the Glossary}).
-
-If you are in proof mode and the macros \verb+\leftfoot+ and
-\verb+\rightfoot+ are defined, they will be typeset flush left and
-flush right on the footline. These macros are often defined to
-contain information about draft version, date of last modification,
-etc., which can be updated automatically.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-Near the top of the
-source file for this document, I wrote the lines
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\leftfoot{\RCSstring$Revision: 1.12 $}
-\def\rightfoot{\RCSstring$Date: 95/07/03 15:57:22 $}
-\def\RCSstring$#1 ${#1}
-\end{verbatim}
-The first two lines are automatically updated by the UNIX utility
-\ix{RCS} (Revision Control System) whenever I check the file in or
-out. RCS requires that the keywords \verb+Revision+, \verb+Date+ and
-so on be found within dollar signs, and it tacks on a blank before the
-closing \verb+$+ for good measure. The \verb+\RCSstring+ macro
-eliminates this extraneous stuff.
-\end{wizard}
-
-\section*{Appendix: {\mediumseries \tt mathfig}---A System for Doing Typesetting in
-Mathematica}
-
-\begin{warning}
-The software described in this Appendix depends on Mathematica
-\cite{wolfram}. I make no representation whatsoever concerning its
-performance. Although I have used \verb+mathfig+ under Mathematica
-versions 1.2, 2.0 and 2.1, I emphasize that \verb+mathfig+ may fail to
-work as described here and that I take no responsibility for such
-failure.
-\end{warning}
-
-The \verb+mathfig+ program, for use on UNIX systems, takes a
-Mathematica source file \verb+foo.m+ and calls Mathematica to create
-a PostScript file \verb+foo.ps+.
-Then \verb+mathfig+ postprocesses \verb+foo.ps+ to
-take out the PostScript labels putting the same information in a file
-\verb+foo.lab+ that can be read later by \latex/, as explained in
-\Fullref{PostScript Figures}. The usage of this program is the following:
-$$
-\hbox to \hsize{\small\hskip 1em
-{\tt mathfig} [ {\tt -d} {\it directory} ] [ {\tt -i} {\it initfile} ]
-{\it files}\hfil}
-$$
-The \verb+-d+ option makes all file names relative to the specified
-directory. The \verb+-i+ option tells Mathematica to read an
-initialization file. Any number of files can be passed as subsequent
-argument; \verb+\mathfig+ processes one at a time, starting a new
-Mathematica session each time.
-
-The steps performed by \verb+mathfig+ when processing the file
-\verb+foo.m+ are the following. It calls \verb+math+ and gives it the
-commands \verb+Get["+{\it initfile}\verb+"]+ (if an initialization
-file was specified) and \verb+Get["foo.m"]+. The result of
-\verb+Get["foo.m"]+ should be an expression with head \verb+Graphics+
-or \verb+Graphics3D+. This expression is passed to \verb+Display+,
-with output sent to the filter \verb+geomfix+; this filter is
-analogous to the \verb+psfix+ program supplied with Mathematica. The
-output of \verb+geomfix+ is further processed to create the files
-\verb+foo.ps+ and \verb+foo.lab+. This last step is performed by
-\verb+mathlabels+, a \verb+perl+ program. (\verb+perl+ is a widely
-used UNIX utility, and it should be available at your site. If
-\verb+mathfig+ claims that \verb+mathlabels+ cannot be found, it may
-be because \verb+perl+ is not where \verb+mathfig+ expects to find it;
-see the end of \Fullref{Installation}.)
-
-By default, \verb+\mathfig+ creates a figure two inches high and five
-inches wide. A different height can be specified by including the
-assignment \verb+$height=+{\it height} in the Mathematica source file,
-where {\it height} is a number specifying the height in inches. You
-can also say \verb+$width=+{\it width}. The reason to put these numbers
-in the source file, rather than choosing them at run time, is
-archival: in this way the output is entirely determined by the
-contents of the source file.
-
-\begin{wizard}
-Furthermore, if you assign values to the variables \verb+$xlo+,
-\verb+$xhi+, \verb+$ylo+ and \verb+$yhi+, the figure produced by
-Mathematica will be clipped to a window with the given boundaries, and
-rescaled so as to fit in a box of the given height and width. For
-example, setting \verb+$xlo=$ylo=.1+ and \verb+$xhi=$yhi=.9+ will trim
-10\% off the size of the box around each edge, and the remaining
-graphics will be rescaled by a factor of $1/(.9-.1)=1.25$. Under
-Mathematica 1.2, this is the only way I know to make a 3D-graphics
-object occupy the whole bounding box. Unfortunately the values of
-\verb+$xlo+ and so on have to be determined by trial and error.
-
-The symbols \verb+$height+, \verb+$width+, \verb+$xlo+, \verb=$ylo=,
-\verb+$xhi+, \verb=$yhi= and \verb=$Def= should not be used in your
-Mathematica source file except with the meanings described above.
-(\verb=$Def= is used internally.)
-
-When Mathematica generates a picture with labels, the scaling
-computations are implicit in the resulting PostScript code, and they
-take into account the dimensions of the labels present in the code.
-Thus the graph generated by
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-Plot[x,{x,0,1}]
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-looks a bit smaller on the screen than the one generated by
-%
-\begin{verbatim}
-Plot[x,{x,0,1},Ticks->False]
-\end{verbatim}
-%
-because the first has to accomodate labels along the axes, in the same
-size window. However, when you run \verb+mathfig+, the labels are
-taken out of the PostScript file, and therefore don't have any effect
-on the scaling of the picture. The \verb+mathfig+ output for the two
-commands above would be scaled by exactly the same amount, and the
-\TeX\ labels generated for the first command would stick out of the
-bounding box a little bit, just as they do in \Fullref{PStorus}.
-\end{wizard}
-
-\bibliography{manual}
-\bibliographystyle{alpha}
-\vfil\eject
-
-\begin{theindex}
-\end{theindex}
-
-\end{document}
-
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-%Revision 1.1 1992/03/19 18:08:13 levy
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