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+% file: refman.tex
+% Copyright 2002 V. Bos and S. Mauw
+% This file is part of the MSC Macro Package.
+%
+% RCS version: $Id: refman.tex,v 1.7 2002/07/01 10:38:59 vbos Exp $
+%
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{a4wide}
+
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{msc}
+
+\newlength{\rpwidth}
+\setlength{\rpwidth}{.5cm}
+\newlength{\rpheight}
+\setlength{\rpheight}{0.5\levelheight}
+\newcommand{\rpN}{%
+  \psframe(-0.5\rpwidth,-\rpheight)(0.5\rpwidth,0\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](0\rpwidth,-0.8\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{n}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpNE}{%
+  \psframe(-\rpwidth,-\rpheight)(0\rpwidth,0\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](-.5\rpwidth,-0.8\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{ne}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpE}{%
+  \psframe(-\rpwidth,-.5\rpheight)(0\rpwidth,.5\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](-.5\rpwidth,-0.3\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{e}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpSE}{%
+  \psframe(-\rpwidth,0\rpheight)(0\rpwidth,\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](-.5\rpwidth,0.2\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{se}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpS}{%
+  \psframe(-.5\rpwidth,\rpheight)(.5\rpwidth,0\rpheight)%
+  \rput[t](0\rpwidth,0.8\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{s}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpSW}{%
+  \psframe(0\rpwidth,0\rpheight)(\rpwidth,\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](.5\rpwidth,0.2\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{sw}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpW}{%
+  \psframe(0\rpwidth,-.5\rpheight)(\rpwidth,.5\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](.5\rpwidth,-0.3\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{w}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+\newcommand{\rpNW}{%
+  \psframe(0\rpwidth,-\rpheight)(\rpwidth,0\rpheight)%
+  \rput[B](.5\rpwidth,-0.8\rpheight){\footnotesize \textsc{nw}}%
+  \pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0\rpwidth,0\rpheight){.5\labeldist}%
+}
+
+
+
+% The following code is taken from the doc package. It defines a global 
+% macro \bslash that produces a bslash (if present in the current font). 
+\makeatletter
+{\catcode`\|=\z@ \catcode`\\=12 |gdef|bslash{\}}
+\makeatother
+\newcommand{\cmd}[1]{\texttt{\bslash #1}}
+
+\usepackage{url}
+\newcommand{\acro}[1]{{\scshape\lowercase{#1}}}
+
+\newcommand\MSC{\acro{MSC}}
+\newcommand\HMSC{\acro{HMSC}}
+\newcommand{\MSCdoc}{\MSC{}doc}
+\newcommand{\mscpack}{\MSC{} macro package}
+
+\newcommand{\env}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\opt}[1]{[#1]}
+\newcommand{\cmdarg}[1]{\{\emph{#1}\}}
+\newcommand{\coordarg}[1]{\emph{#1}}
+\newcommand{\coordargs}[2]{(\coordarg{#1},\coordarg{#2})}
+\newcommand{\lnsvalue}[3]{large/normal/small value #1/#2/#3}
+
+\newenvironment{defs}{%
+  \begin{list}{}%
+              {\setlength{\labelwidth}{0pt}%
+               \setlength{\labelsep}{1em}%
+               \setlength{\leftmargin}{1em}%
+               \setlength{\parsep}{1ex}%
+               \setlength{\listparindent}{0pt}%
+               \setlength{\rightmargin}{0pt}%
+               \renewcommand{\makelabel}[1]{##1}%
+               \raggedright%
+              }%
+  }{%
+  \end{list}}
+
+\title{
+  A \LaTeX\ macro package for Message Sequence Charts\\{\large Reference Manual}
+}
+
+\author{
+  \begin{tabular}{cc}
+  Victor Bos  & Sjouke Mauw\\
+  \footnotesize Turku Centre for Computer Science &
+  \footnotesize Eindhoven University of Technology \\ [-0.8ex]
+  \footnotesize Software Construction Laboratory &
+  \footnotesize Department of Mathematics and Computing Science \\ [-0.8ex]
+  \footnotesize Lemmink\"aisenkatu 14 & 
+  \footnotesize P.O.\ Box 513 \\ [-0.8ex]
+  \footnotesize FIN--20520 Turku &
+  \footnotesize NL--5600 MB Eindhoven \\ [-0.8ex] 
+  \footnotesize Finland & 
+  \footnotesize The Netherlands \\
+  \footnotesize \texttt{vbos@abo.fi} &
+  \footnotesize \texttt{sjouke@win.tue.nl}
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+
+\date{\small Version \mscversion, last update \today\\
+      Describing \mscpack{} version \mscversion}
+
+
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+The \mscpack{} was developed to draw (actually, to write)
+\emph{Message Sequence Charts} (\MSC{}s) with \LaTeX. The current
+version supports most of the \MSC{} language standardized
+in~\cite{z120}.  The manual~\cite{BM02a} describes how to use the
+\mscpack{} and is illustrated with numerous examples.  This reference manual
+briefly describes the main concepts of the package and it provides
+lists of all available environments and commands. In addition, it
+lists both the user-definable lengths and the internal lengths that
+are used by the package to compute the layout of \MSC{}s.
+\section{Concepts}
+
+The \mscpack{} offers three different kinds
+of diagrams: 
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \MSC{} diagrams (normal \MSC{}s)
+\item \HMSC{} diagrams (high level \MSC{}s)
+\item \MSCdoc{} diagrams (\MSC{} documents) 
+\end{itemize}
+For each of these diagrams, the package provides a \LaTeX{}
+environment. Figure~\ref{fig:types:of:diagrams} shows an example of
+each diagram. The source code for these diagrams is given in
+Figure~\ref{fig:sources}. Depending on the environment, different
+\mscpack{} commands can be used. Furthermore, since each environment
+is implemented as a \texttt{pspicture} (see \textsf{pstricks}
+documentation), it is possible to use \textsf{pstricks} commands
+inside the \MSC{} environments.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+\setmscvalues{small}
+\begin{tabular}{ccc}
+\begin{msc}%
+  {Example 1}%
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{a}{i}{j}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\mess{b}{j}{i}
+\nextlevel
+\end{msc}%
+%
+&
+\begin{hmsc}%
+  {Example 2}%
+  (0,0)(4,4.65)
+\hmscstartsymbol{S}(2,3.75)
+\hmscconnection{c}(2,3.25)
+\hmscreference{R1}{A}(2,2.5)
+\hmsccondition{C}{?}(2,1.5)
+\hmscendsymbol{E}(1.5,0.5)
+\arrow{S}{c}
+\arrow{c}{R1}
+\arrow{R1}{C}
+\arrow{C}
+  [(2.5,1)(3,1)(3,3.25)]
+  {c}
+\arrow{C}[(1.5,1)]{E}
+\end{hmsc}%
+&
+\begin{mscdoc}%
+  {Example 3}%
+  (0,0)(4,4.65)
+\reference{A}(1,3.0)
+\reference{B}(3,3.0 )
+\separator{2.0}
+\reference{C}(2,1.0)
+\end{mscdoc}%
+\\
+(a) \MSC{} diagram &
+(b) \HMSC{} diagram &
+(c) \MSCdoc{} diagram
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\caption{Examples of different diagrams}
+\label{fig:types:of:diagrams}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\hrulefill
+\begin{center}
+\begin{minipage}[t]{0.3\linewidth}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}%
+  {Example 1}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{a}{i}{j}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\mess{b}{j}{i}
+\nextlevel
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{minipage}
+\hfil
+\begin{minipage}[t]{0.3\linewidth}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{hmsc}%
+      {Example 2}%
+      (0,0)(4,4.65)
+\hmscstartsymbol{S}(2,3.75)
+\hmscconnection{c}(2,3.25)
+\hmscreference{R1}{A}(2,2.5)
+\hmsccondition{C}{?}(2,1.5)
+\hmscendsymbol{E}(1.5,0.5)
+\arrow{S}{c}
+\arrow{c}{R1}
+\arrow{R1}{C}
+\arrow{C}
+  [(2.5,1)(3,1)(3,3.25)]
+  {c}
+\arrow{C}[(1.5,1)]{E}
+\end{hmsc}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{minipage}
+\hfil
+\begin{minipage}[t]{0.3\linewidth}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{mscdoc}%
+  {Example 3}%
+  (0,0)(4,4.65)
+\reference{A}(1,3.0)
+\reference{B}(3,3.0 )
+\separator{2.0}
+\reference{C}(2,1.0)
+\end{mscdoc}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+\hrulefill
+\caption{Source code for diagrams of Figure~\ref{fig:types:of:diagrams}}
+\label{fig:sources}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+The \MSC{} environment provides most functionality of the package. The
+following concepts should help in understanding the user-commands of
+this environment.
+
+
+\begin{defs}
+\item[\emph{current height}] The \emph{current height} of an \MSC{} is a
+length that indicates the y-postion relative to the top of the msc
+frame. The \MSC{} drawing commands use this y-position to draw msc
+symbols, e.g., instance heads, messages, actions, and instance
+feet. The internal length \verb|\msc@currentheight| is the current
+height. This variables is changed whenever the command
+\verb|\nextlevel| is invoked.
+
+\item[\emph{current width}] The \emph{current width} of an \MSC{} is the
+distance from the left side of the \MSC{} frame to the right side of the
+\MSC{} frame. As such, it depends on the lengths \verb|\envinstdist| and
+\verb|\instdist| as well as on the number of instances. The internal
+length \verb|\msc@currentwidth| is the current width. During
+construction of an msc, that is, in between \verb|\begin{msc}| and
+\verb|\end{msc}|, \verb|\msc@currentwidth| is equal to
+$\verb|\envinstdist| + (n \times \verb|instdist|)$, provided that~$n$ is
+the number of instances defined so far (see \verb|\mscinstcnt| in the
+section \emph{Internal counters} below) and the length
+\verb|\instdist| is not changed between instances. At the end of an
+\MSC{} construction, an additional \verb|\envinstdist| is added to
+\verb|\msc@currentwidth|. The \verb|\msc@currentwidth| determines the
+x-position of new \MSC{} instances.
+
+\item[\emph{level}] A level is a horizontal layer in an \MSC{} which is
+used to construct msc's in a top-down fashion. Each level is
+\verb|\levelheight| units high and spans the complete width of the
+msc. The first level starts at $\verb|\topheaddist| +
+\verb|\instheadheight| + \verb|\firstlevelheight|$ units below the top
+of the \MSC{} frame. The \verb|\nextlevel| commands advances the \MSC{} to
+the next (lower) level.
+
+\item[\emph{\MSC{} instance}] The main building blocks of MSC diagrams
+are \emph{instances}. Instances are represented by vertical
+bars. \emph{Fat} instances are represented by two vertical
+lines. Usually, an instance has both a head symbol and a foot symbol.
+In the \mscpack, each \MSC{} instance has a \emph{nickname} by which
+the instance is identified.  In the \mscpack{} there are special
+instances:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item The left environment (nickname \verb|envleft|).
+
+\item The right environment (nickname \verb|envright|).
+
+\item The left side of an inline expression. If the nickname of the
+inline expression is \verb|nm|, the nickname of the left side is
+\verb|nmleft|.
+
+\item The right side of an inline expression. If the nickname of the
+inline expression is \verb|nm|, the nickname of the left side is
+\verb|nmright|.
+
+\item The left side of an reference expression. If the nickname of the
+reference expression is \verb|nm|, the nickname of the left side is
+\verb|nmleft|.
+
+\item The right side of an reference expression. If the nickname of the
+reference expression is \verb|nm|, the nickname of the left side is
+\verb|nmright|.
+
+\item A \emph{dummy} instance is an instance that is invisible; it
+reserves space needed to draw an instance. It is useful to create
+(see \verb|create| command) instances with create-messages.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item[\emph{nickname}] A nickname is a unique identification of an
+\emph{instance}.
+
+\item[\emph{message label reference points}] In order to place a
+message label somewhere near the message arrow, the \mscpack{}
+computes a \emph{reference point} for each message label. This is a
+location on the bounding box of the label such that the distance
+between the arrow and the reference point is minimized. Figures
+\ref{fig:refpoints} (page~\pageref{fig:refpoints})
+and~\ref{fig:refpoints:B} (page~\pageref{fig:refpoints:B}) show the
+location of reference points for all possible locations of message
+labels. Note that the boxes with the location of the reference points
+are not generated by the \LaTeX{} code given in these figures; we
+enriched the \LaTeX{} code with some extra \textsf{pstricks} code (see
+\LaTeX{} source code of this document).
+
+\end{defs}
+
+\begin{figure}[!htb]
+\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
+\setmscvalues{small}
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\begin{msc}{Label reference points}
+\declinst{m0}{I0}{}
+\declinst{m1}{I1}{}
+\declinst{m2}{I2}{}
+\nextlevel
+
+\mess{\rpS}{m0}{m1}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{\rpN}[b]{m1}{m2}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpS}{m1}{m0}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{\rpN}[b]{m2}{m1}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpE}{m0}{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{\rpW}{m2}{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{\rpW}[r]{m0}{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{\rpE}[l]{m2}{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{\rpE}{m0}{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{\rpW}{m2}{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{\rpW}[r]{m0}{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{\rpE}[l]{m2}{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpSW}{m0}{m1}[2]
+\mess{\rpNE}[b]{m1}{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{\rpSW}{m1}{m0}[-2]
+\mess{\rpNE}[b]{m2}{m1}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpSE}{m1}{m0}[2]
+\mess{\rpNW}[b]{m2}{m1}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{\rpSE}{m0}{m1}[-2]
+\mess{\rpNW}[b]{m1}{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\bigskip
+
+\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}{Label reference points}
+\declinst{m0}{I0}{}
+\declinst{m1}{I1}{}
+\declinst{m2}{I2}{}
+\nextlevel
+
+\mess{S}{m0}{m1}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{N}[b]{m1}{m2}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{S}{m1}{m0}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{N}[b]{m2}{m1}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{E}{m0}{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{W}{m2}{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{W}[r]{m0}{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{E}[l]{m2}{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{E}{m0}{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{W}{m2}{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{W}[r]{m0}{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{E}[l]{m2}{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{SW}{m0}{m1}[2]
+\mess{NE}[b]{m1}{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{SW}{m1}{m0}[-2]
+\mess{NE}[b]{m2}{m1}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{SE}{m1}{m0}[2]
+\mess{NW}[b]{m2}{m1}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{SE}{m0}{m1}[-2]
+\mess{NW}[b]{m1}{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{multicols}
+\end{minipage}
+\caption{Reference points of message labels}
+\label{fig:refpoints}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\begin{figure}[!htb]
+\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
+\setmscvalues{small}
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\begin{msc}{Label reference points (2)}
+\declinst{m0}{I0}{}
+\declinst{m1}{I1}{}
+\declinst{m2}{I2}{}
+\nextlevel
+
+\mess{\rpS}{m0}[.9]{m1}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{\rpN}[b]{m1}[.9]{m2}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpS}{m1}[.9]{m0}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{\rpN}[b]{m2}{m1}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpE}{m0}[.9]{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{\rpW}{m2}[.9]{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{\rpW}[r]{m0}[.9]{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{\rpE}[l]{m2}[.9]{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{\rpE}{m0}[.9]{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{\rpW}{m2}[.9]{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{\rpW}[r]{m0}[.9]{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{\rpE}[l]{m2}[.9]{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpSW}{m0}[.9]{m1}[2]
+\mess{\rpNE}[b]{m1}[.9]{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{\rpSW}{m1}[.9]{m0}[-2]
+\mess{\rpNE}[b]{m2}[.9]{m1}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{\rpSE}{m1}[.9]{m0}[2]
+\mess{\rpNW}[b]{m2}[.9]{m1}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{\rpSE}{m0}[.9]{m1}[-2]
+\mess{\rpNW}[b]{m1}[.9]{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\bigskip
+
+\footnotesize
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}{Label reference points (2)}
+\declinst{m0}{I0}{}
+\declinst{m1}{I1}{}
+\declinst{m2}{I2}{}
+\nextlevel
+
+\mess{S}{m0}[.9]{m1}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{N}[b]{m1}[.9]{m2}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{S}{m1}[.9]{m0}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{N}[b]{m2}{m1}
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{E}{m0}[.9]{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{W}{m2}[.9]{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{W}[r]{m0}[.9]{m0}[2]
+\mess[r]{E}[l]{m2}[.9]{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{E}{m0}[.9]{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{W}{m2}[.9]{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[4]
+\mess{W}[r]{m0}[.9]{m0}[-2]
+\mess[r]{E}[l]{m2}[.9]{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{SW}{m0}[.9]{m1}[2]
+\mess{NE}[b]{m1}[.9]{m2}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{SW}{m1}[.9]{m0}[-2]
+\mess{NE}[b]{m2}[.9]{m1}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+
+\mess{SE}{m1}[.9]{m0}[2]
+\mess{NW}[b]{m2}[.9]{m1}[2]
+\nextlevel[6]
+
+\mess{SE}{m0}[.9]{m1}[-2]
+\mess{NW}[b]{m1}[.9]{m2}[-2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{multicols}
+\end{minipage}
+\caption{Reference points of shifted message labels}
+\label{fig:refpoints:B}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Environments}
+
+\begin{defs}
+
+\item[\cmd{begin}\texttt{\{msc\}}\opt{titlepos}\{\emph{title}\}\texttt{...\cmd{end}\{msc\}}]
+The environment to draw msc's. The parameter \emph{title} defines the
+title of the msc. The optional parameter \emph{titlepos} defines the
+position of the title relative to the frame of the msc. Valid
+positions are \verb|l|~(left), \verb|c|~(center), and
+\verb|r|~(right). The default position is~\verb|l|.
+
+\item[\cmd{begin}\texttt{\{hmsc\}}\opt{titlepos}\{\emph{title}\}\texttt{...\cmd{end}\{hmsc\}}\coordargs{llx}{lly}\coordargs{urx}{ury}]
+The environment to draw \HMSC's. The parameter \emph{title} defines the
+title of the \HMSC. The optional parameter \emph{titlepos} defines the
+position of the title relative to the frame of the \HMSC. Valid
+positions are \verb|l|~(left), \verb|c|~(center), and
+\verb|r|~(right). The default position is~\verb|l|. The size of the
+\HMSC{} is determined by two pairs of coordinates. The coordinates
+\coordargs{llx}{lly} define the lower left corner of the \HMSC. The
+coordinates \coordargs{urx}{ury} define the upper right corner of the
+\HMSC.
+
+\item[\cmd{begin}\texttt{\{mscdoc\}}\opt{titlepos}\{\emph{title}\}\texttt{...\cmd{end}\{mscdoc\}}\coordargs{llx}{lly}\coordargs{urx}{ury}]
+The environment to draw \MSCdoc{} documents. The parameter
+\emph{title} defines the title of the \MSCdoc{} document. The optional
+parameter \emph{titlepos} defines the position of the title relative
+to the frame of the \MSCdoc{} document. Valid positions are \verb|l|~(left),
+\verb|c|~(center), and \verb|r|~(right). The default position
+is~\verb|l|. The size of the \MSCdoc{} is determined by two pairs of
+coordinates. The coordinates \coordargs{llx}{lly} define the lower
+left corner of the \MSCdoc. The coordinates \coordargs{urx}{ury}
+define the upper right corner of the \MSCdoc.
+
+
+\end{defs}
+
+
+\section{Commands}
+
+\begin{defs}
+
+\item[\cmd{action}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm}\}] Draws an \emph{action}
+symbol on the instance with nickname \emph{nm}. The parameter \emph{txt}
+defines the name of the action. The size of the action symbol is
+controlled by the \verb|\actionheight| and \verb|\actionwidth|
+lengths.
+
+\item[\cmd{arrow}\cmdarg{nm0}\opt{\coordargs{xpos${}_1$}{ypos${}_1$}$\ldots$\coordargs{xpos${}_n$}{ypos${}_n$}}\cmdarg{nm1}]
+Draws an arrow in an \HMSC{} diagram. The arrow starts at the symbol
+with nickname~\emph{nm0} and ends at the symbol with
+nickname~\emph{nm1}. The optional parameter
+\coordargs{xpos${}_1$}{ypos${}_1$}$\ldots$\coordargs{xpos${}_n$}{ypos${}_n$}
+is a list of intermediate points the arrow should pass through.
+
+\item[\cmd{changeinstbarwidth}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{wd}\}] Changes the
+bar width of instance \emph{nm} to \emph{wd}. The parameter \emph{wd}
+should be a valid \LaTeX{} length.
+
+\item[\cmd{comment}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm}\}] Puts a
+comment at instance \emph{nm}. The parameter \emph{txt} is the
+comment. The optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the horizontal
+position of the comment relative to instance \emph{nm}. Valid
+positions are \verb|l|~(left), \verb|r|~(right), and all valid
+lengths. If the position is \verb|l| or~\verb|r|, the comment will be
+put at \verb|\msccommentdist| units to the left or right, respectively, from
+the instance axis. If \emph{pos} is a length, the comment will be put
+\emph{pos} units from the instance axis. A negative \emph{pos} puts the
+comment to the left and a positive \emph{pos} puts it to the right of
+the instance axis.
+
+\item[\cmd{condition}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{instancelist}\}] Draws a
+\emph{condition} symbol on the instances occurring in
+\emph{instancelist}. The parameter \emph{txt} defines the text to be
+placed in the \emph{condition} symbol. The parameter
+\emph{instancelist} is a comma separated list of instance
+nicknames. Note that there should be no white space between the commas
+and the nicknames; only if a nickname contains white space is a white
+space allowed in \emph{instancelist}.
+
+\item[\cmd{coregionend}\{\emph{nm}\}] Ends the co-region on the instance
+\emph{nm}. This command is obsolete (see \verb|\regionend|).
+
+\item[\cmd{coregionstart}\{\emph{nm}\}] Starts a co-region on the instance
+\emph{nm}. This command is obsolete (see \verb|\regionstart|).
+
+\item[\cmd{create}\{\emph{msg}\}\opt{\emph{labelpos}}\{\emph{creator}\}\opt{\emph{placement}}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{na}\}\{\emph{in}\}]
+Instance with nickname \emph{creator} sends a create message with
+label \emph{msg} to instance \emph{nm}. Instance \emph{nm} should be a
+dummy (invisible) instance at the time of the create message, see
+\cmd{dummyinst}. The head symbol of \emph{nm} is drawn at
+\verb|\msc@currentheight|. The parameter \emph{an} (above name) is put
+above the head symbol. The parameter \emph{in} (inside name) is put
+inside the head symbol. \emph{nm}'s y-position is set to
+\verb|\msc@currentheight| $+$ \verb|\instheadheight|.  The optional
+parameter \emph{labelpos} defines the position of the message label. Valid
+values are \verb|t| and~\verb|b|, denoting a label position on top of
+the arrow and a label position below the arrow, respectively.  The
+optional parameter \emph{placement} defines the relative position of
+the message label along the message arrow. Valid values are real
+numbers in the closed interval $[0,1]$, where~$0$ corresponds to the
+beginning of the arrow and~$1$ corresponds to the end of the
+arrow. The default value is~$0.5$.
+
+\item[\cmd{declinst(*)}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{an}\}\{\emph{in}\}]
+Defines an instance with nickname \emph{nm}.  The starred version
+makes a \emph{fat instance}. The x-position is \verb|\instdist| to the
+right of \verb|\msc@currentwidth|. The head symbol of the instance is
+drawn at \verb|\msc@currentheight|. The parameter \emph{an} (above
+name) is put above the head symbol. The parameter \emph{in} (inside
+name) is put inside the head symbol. The
+instance y-position is set to \verb|\msc@currentheight| $+$ \verb|\instheadheight|.
+
+
+\item[\cmd{drawframe}\{\emph{str}\}] A command to turn on/off the
+drawing of the frame around msc's, hmsc's, and mscdoc's. If \emph{str}
+is `yes', the frame will be drawn, otherwise the frame will not be
+drawn.
+
+\item[\cmd{drawinstfoot}\{\emph{str}\}] A command to turn on/off
+drawing of instance foot symbols. If \emph{str} is `yes', the foot
+symbols will be drawn, otherwise they will not be drawn.
+
+\item[\cmd{drawinsthead}\{\emph{str}\}] A command to turn on/off
+drawing of instance head symbols. If \emph{str} is `yes', the head
+symbols will be drawn, otherwise they will not be drawn.
+
+\item[\cmd{dummyinst(*)}\{\emph{nm}\}] Defines a \emph{dummy instance}
+with nickname \emph{nm}. The starred version makes a \emph{fat
+instance}. The x-position is \verb|\instdist| to the right of
+\verb|\msc@currentwidth|. No head symbol is drawn. The
+instance y-position is undefined.
+
+\item[\cmd{found}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\opt{\emph{labelpos}}\{\emph{gate}\}\{\emph{nm}\}\opt{\emph{placement}}]
+Draws a \emph{found message} to instance \emph{nm}. The \emph{label}
+parameter defines the message name. The \emph{gate} parameter defines
+the gate name.  The optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the position
+of the message relative to instance \emph{nm}. Valid positions are
+\verb|l| (left) and \verb|r| (right). The default position is
+\verb|l|.  The optional parameter \emph{labelpos} defines the position
+of the message label with respect to the arrow. Valid values are
+\verb+t+ (on top) and \verb+b+ (below). The default value is \verb+t+.
+The optional parameter \emph{placement} defines the relative position
+of the message label along the message arrow. Valid values are real
+numbers in the closed interval $[0,1]$, where~$0$ corresponds to the
+beginning of the arrow and~$1$ corresponds to the end of the
+arrow. The default value is~$0.5$. The length of the arrow is
+determined by \verb+\selfmesswidth+.
+
+\item[\cmd{gate(*)}\opt{\emph{hpos}}\opt{\emph{vpos}}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm}\}]
+Draws a gate at instance \emph{nm}. The parameter \emph{txt} defines
+the name of the gate. The starred version produces a visible gate by
+drawing a black circle at instance \emph{nm}. The unstarred version
+produces an invisible gate. The position of the parameter \emph{txt}
+is controlled by the optional parameters \emph{hpos} and \emph{vpos}:
+\emph{hpos} defines the horizontal position relative to instance
+\emph{nm} and \emph{vpos} defines the vertical position relative to
+the current height (\verb|\msc@currentheight|). Valid horizontal
+positions are \verb|l|~(left) and \verb|r|~(right). The default
+horizontal position is~\verb|l|.  Valid vertical positions are
+\verb|t|~(top), \verb|c|~(center), and \verb|b|~(bottom). The default
+vertical is~\verb|t|.
+
+\item[\cmd{hmsccondition}\cmdarg{nm}\cmdarg{txt}\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}]
+Draws an \HMSC{} condition symbol with nickname \emph{nm} at position
+\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}. The \emph{txt} parameter is placed inside the
+condition symbol.
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscconnection(*)}\cmdarg{nm}\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}] Draws
+an \HMSC{} connection symbol with nickname \emph{nm} at position
+\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}. The unstarred version produces an invisible
+connection symbol. The starred version produces a visible connection
+symbol (i.e., a small circle).
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscendsymol}\cmdarg{nm}\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}] Draws an
+\HMSC{} end symbol with nickname \emph{nm} at position
+\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}.
+
+\item[\cmd{hmsckeyword}] The \HMSC{} keyword. The default value is `hmsc'.
+
+\item[\cmd{hmsckeywordstyle}\{\emph{kw}\}] A one-parameter command to
+typeset the \HMSC{} keyword. The command can expect \verb|\hmsckeyword| to
+be the value of \emph{kw}. The default `value' is \verb|\textbf|.
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscreference}\cmdarg{nm}\cmdarg{txt}\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}]
+Draws an \HMSC{} reference symbol with nickname \emph{nm} at position
+\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}. The \emph{txt} parameter is placed inside the
+condition symbol.
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscstartsymbol}\cmdarg{nm}\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}]
+\HMSC{} start symbol with nickname \emph{nm} at position
+\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}.
+
+\item[\cmd{inlineend(*)}\{\emph{nm}\}] Ends the matching inline
+expression (matching means equal nicknames). The unstarred version
+draws a solid line to close the inline expression. The starred version
+draws a dashed line to close the inline expression.
+
+\item[\cmd{inlineseparator}\{\emph{nm}\}] Draws an inline separator
+line at the inline expression with nickname \emph{nm}. The separator
+is drawn at \verb|\msc@currentheight|.
+
+\item[\cmd{inlinestart}\opt{\emph{lo}}\opt{\emph{ro}}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{fi}\}\{\emph{li}\}]
+Defines an \emph{inline expression} with nickname \emph{nm}. The
+inline expression is started at \verb|\msc@currentheight| and
+continues until the level where a matching \cmd{inlineend} command is
+found (matching means equal nicknames).  The \emph{txt} parameter
+defines the text of the inline expression.  The first instance of the
+inline expression is \emph{fi}. The last instance of the inline
+expression is \emph{li}. The optional parameter \emph{lo} defines the
+left and right overlap of the inline expression. If the second
+optional parameter, \emph{ro}, is present, \emph{lo} defines the left
+and \emph{ro} defines the right overlap.
+
+\item[\cmd{inststart}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{an}\}\{\emph{in}\}] Starts
+instance with nickname \emph{nm}. Instance \emph{nm} should be a dummy
+(invisible) instance at the time of the \cmd{inststart} command, see
+\cmd{dummyinst}.  The head symbol is drawn at
+\verb|\msc@currentheight|. The parameter \emph{an} (above name) is put
+above the head symbol. The parameter \emph{in} (inside name) is put
+inside the head symbol. The instance y-position is set to
+\verb|\msc@currentheight| $+$ \verb|\instheadheight|.
+
+\item[\cmd{inststop}\{\emph{nm}\}] Stops instance with nickname
+\emph{nm}. The foot symbol is drawn at \verb|\msc@currentheight|. The
+instance y-position is undefined after this command.
+
+\item[\cmd{lost}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\opt{\emph{labelpos}}\{\emph{gate}\}\{\emph{nm}\}\opt{\emph{placement}}]
+Draws a \emph{lost message} from instance \emph{nm}. The \emph{label}
+parameter defines the message name. The \emph{gate} parameter defines
+the gate name.  The optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the position
+of the message relative to instance \emph{nm}. Valid positions are
+\verb|l| (left) and \verb|r| (right). The default position is
+\verb|l|.  The optional parameter \emph{labelpos} defines the position
+of the message label with respect to the arrow. Valid values are
+\verb+t+ (on top) and \verb+b+ (below). The default value is \verb+t+.
+The optional parameter \emph{placement} defines the relative position
+of the message label along the message arrow. Valid values are real
+numbers in the closed interval $[0,1]$, where~$0$ corresponds to the
+beginning of the arrow and~$1$ corresponds to the end of the
+arrow. The default value is~$0.5$. The length of the arrow is
+determined by \verb+\selfmesswidth+.
+
+\item[\cmd{measure(*)}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm1}\}\{\emph{nm2}\}\opt{\emph{offset}}]
+Puts a \emph{measure} at instances \emph{nm1} and \emph{nm2}. The
+parameter \emph{txt} defines the label of the measure. The starred
+version puts the triangular measure symbols outside the measure; the
+unstarred version puts the triangular measure symbols inside the
+measure.  The optional \emph{pos} parameter defines the horizontal
+position of the measure relative to instances \emph{nm1}
+and~\emph{nm2}. Valid positions are \verb|l|~(left), \verb|r|~(right),
+and all valid lengths. If the position is \verb|l| or~\verb|r|, the
+measure will be put at \verb|\measuredist| units to the left or right,
+respectively, from the closest instance axis. If \emph{pos} is a
+length, the measure will be put \emph{pos} units from the closest
+instance axis. A negative \emph{pos} puts the measure to the left and
+a positive \emph{pos} puts it to the right of the instances. The
+optional parameter \emph{offset} defines the number of levels the
+measure should extend vertically. The default value for \emph{offset}
+is~1.
+
+
+\item[\cmd{measureend(*)}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{gate}\}]
+Puts a \emph{measure end} symbol at instance \emph{nm}.The starred
+version puts the triangular measure symbol outside the measure; the
+unstarred version puts the triangular measure symbol inside the
+measure. The \emph{txt} parameter defines the label of the
+measure. The \emph{gate} parameter defines the name of the gate of the
+measure end symbol.  The optional \emph{pos} parameter defines the
+horizontal position of the measure relative to the
+\emph{nm} instance. Valid positions are \verb|l|~(left), \verb|r|~(right), and
+all valid lengths. If the position is \verb|l| or~\verb|r|, the
+measure will be put at \verb|\measuredist| units to the left or right,
+respectively, from the instance axis. If \emph{pos} is a length, the
+measure will be put \emph{pos} units from the instance axis. A
+negative \emph{pos} puts the measure to the left and a positive
+\emph{pos} puts it to the right of the instance.
+
+\item[\cmd{measurestart(*)}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{gate}\}]
+Puts a \emph{measure start} symbol at instance \emph{nm}.The starred
+version puts the triangular measure symbol outside the measure; the
+unstarred version puts the triangular measure symbol inside the
+measure. The \emph{txt} parameter defines the label of the
+measure. The \emph{gate} parameter defines the name of the gate of the
+measure start symbol.  The optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the
+horizontal position of the measure relative to instance
+\emph{nm}. Valid positions are \verb|l|~(left), \verb|r|~(right), and
+all valid lengths. If the position is \verb|l| or~\verb|r|, the
+measure will be put at \verb|\measuredist| units to the left or right,
+respectively, from the instance axis. If \emph{pos} is a length, the
+measure will be put \emph{pos} units from the instance axis. A
+negative \emph{pos} puts the measure to the left and a positive
+\emph{pos} puts it to the right of the instance.
+
+\item[\cmd{mess(*)}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\opt{\emph{labelpos}}\{\emph{sender}\}\opt{\emph{placement}}\{\emph{receiver}\}\opt{\emph{offset}}]
+Draws a message from \emph{sender} instance to \emph{receiver}
+instance. The starred version draws a dashed line arrow, instead of a
+solid arrow. This can be used to distinguish method calls from method
+replies.  The \emph{sender} and \emph{receiver} may be the same
+instance, in which case the message is a \emph{self message}. The
+parameter \emph{label} defines the message name. The message starting
+y-position is \verb|\msc@currentheight| and the ending y-position of
+the message is defined by \verb|\msc@currentheight| $+$
+$(\textit{offset}\ \times $ \verb|\levelheight|$)$.  The optional
+parameter \emph{pos} defines the position of self messages with
+respect to the instance axis. Valid values are \verb+l+ (left) and
+\verb+r+ (right). The default value is \verb+l+.  The optional
+parameter \emph{labelpos} defines the position of the message
+label. In case of a self message, valid values are \verb|l| and
+\verb|r|, denoting a label position left from the arrow and right from
+the arrow, respectively. For self-messages the default value of
+\verb+labelpos+ is the value of \verb+pos+. In case of a non-self
+message, valid values are \verb|t| (default) and \verb|b|, denoting a
+label position on top of the message arrow and below the message
+arrow, respectively.  The optional parameter \emph{placement} defines
+the relative position of the message label along the message
+arrow. Valid values are real numbers in the closed interval $[0,1]$,
+where~$0$ corresponds to the beginning of the arrow and~$1$
+corresponds to the end of the arrow. The default value is~$0.5$.  The
+default value of the optional parameter \emph{offset} is~0 for normal
+messages and~1 for self messages.
+
+\item[\cmd{messarrowscale}\{\emph{scalefactor}\}] Sets the scale
+factor (a real number) of message arrow heads. The default value
+is~1.5
+
+\item[\cmd{mscdate}] The date of the \mscpack.
+
+
+\item[\cmd{mscdockeyword}] The \MSCdoc{} keyword. The default value is `mscdoc'.
+
+\item[\cmd{mscdockeywordstyle}\{\emph{kw}\}] A one-parameter command to
+typeset the mscdoc keyword. The command can expect \verb|\mscdockeyword| to
+be the value of \emph{kw}. The default `value' is \verb|\textbf|.
+
+
+
+\item[\cmd{msckeyword}] The \MSC{} keyword. The default value is `msc'.
+
+\item[\cmd{msckeywordstyle}\{\emph{kw}\}] A one-parameter command to
+typeset the \MSC{} keyword. The command can expect \verb|\msckeyword| to
+be the value of \emph{kw}. The default `value' is \verb|\textbf|.
+
+\item[\cmd{mscmark}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{nm}\}] Puts a
+mark at instance \emph{nm}. The parameter \emph{txt} is the name of
+the mark. The optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the horizontal and
+vertical position of the mark relative to instance \emph{nm} and the
+current height \verb|\msc@currentheight|. Valid positions are
+\verb|tl|~(top-left), \verb|tr|~(top-right), \verb|bl|~(bottom-left),
+and \verb|br|~(bottom-right). The default position is \verb|tl|. The
+horizontal distance between the mark and the instance is defined by
+\verb+\markdist+.
+
+\item[\cmd{mscunit}] A string denoting the (default) unit of all
+lengths used by the \mscpack. Valid values are \emph{cm},
+\emph{em}, \emph{ex}, \emph{in}, \emph{mm}, \emph{pt}, etc. The
+default value is~\emph{cm}.
+
+\item[\cmd{setmscunit}\{\emph{unit}\}] Changes the value of
+\cmd{mscunit} into \emph{unit}. Valid values for \emph{unit} are
+\emph{cm}, \emph{em}, \emph{ex}, \emph{in}, \emph{mm}, \emph{pt}, etc.
+
+\item[\cmd{mscversion}] The version number of the \mscpack.
+
+\item[\cmd{nextlevel}\opt{\emph{offset}}] Increases the number of
+levels by the value of the optional parameter \emph{offset}. The
+default value of \emph{offset} is~1. Increasing the level number means
+that \verb|\msc@currentheight| is increased by $\textit{offset} \times
+\verb|\levelheight|$. The first time this macro is used, the actual
+increase of \verb|\msc@currentheight| is $\verb|\firstlevelheight| +
+((\textit{offset} - 1) \times \verb|\levelheight|)$. Negative values
+of \emph{offset} back up a number of levels. There are situations
+where this is useful, see Section~\ref{sec:tricks}.
+
+\item[\cmd{nogrid}] Turns off grid drawing in \MSC, \HMSC, and
+\MSCdoc{} diagrams. This command should not be used inside an \MSC,
+\HMSC, or \MSCdoc{} evironment.
+
+\item[\cmd{order}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{sender}\}\{\emph{receiver}\}\opt{\emph{offset}}]
+Draws an \emph{order line} from the \emph{sender} instance to the
+\emph{receiver} instance. The \emph{sender} and \emph{receiver} may be
+the same instance, in which case the order is a \emph{self-order}. The
+order starting y-position is \verb|\msc@currentheight| and the ending
+y-position of the order is defined by \verb|\msc@currentheight| $+$
+$(\textit{offset}\ \times $ \verb|\levelheight|$)$. In case of a
+self-order, the optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the position of
+the order relative to the \emph{sender} instance. Valid positions are
+\verb|l| (left) and \verb|r| (right). The default position is
+\verb|l|. In case of a non-self-order, the \emph{pos} parameter is
+ignored. The default value of the optional parameter \emph{offset}
+is~0 for normal orders and~1 for self orders.
+
+\item[\cmd{reference}\cmdarg{txt}\coordargs{xpos}{ypos}] Draws an
+\MSCdoc{} reference symbol. The \emph{txt} parameter defines the text to
+be placed inside the \MSCdoc{} reference symbol. The coordinates
+\coordargs{xpos}{ypos} define the position of the reference symbol.
+
+\item[\cmd{referenceend}\{\emph{nm}\}] Ends the reference expression with
+nickname \emph{nm}.
+
+\item[\cmd{referencestart}\opt{\emph{lo}}\opt{\emph{ro}}\{\emph{nm}\}\{\emph{txt}\}\{\emph{fi}\}\{\emph{li}\}]
+Defines a \emph{reference expression} with nickname \emph{nm}. The
+reference expression is started at \verb|\msc@currentheight| and
+continues until the level where a matching \verb|\referenceend| command
+is found.  The \emph{txt} parameter defines the text of the reference
+expression.  The first instance of the reference expression is
+\emph{fi}. The last instance of the reference expression is
+\emph{li}. The optional parameter \emph{lo} defines the left and right
+overlap of the reference expression. If the second optional parameter,
+\emph{ro}, is present, \emph{lo} defines the left and \emph{ro}
+defines the right overlap.
+
+\item[\cmd{regionend}\{\emph{nm}\}] Ends the current region on
+instance \emph{nm}. The region style of the instance \emph{nm} is
+reset to \emph{normal} again. Note: this command makes
+\verb|\coregionend| obsolete.
+
+\item[\cmd{regionstart}\{\emph{rstyle}\}\{\emph{nm}\}] Starts a region
+on the instance \emph{nm}. The style of the region is defined by the
+\emph{rstyle} parameter. Valid region styles are \emph{coregion},
+\emph{suspension}, \emph{activation}, and \emph{normal}. Note: this
+command makes \verb|\coregionstart| obsolete.
+
+\item[\cmd{separator}\cmdarg{ypos}] Draws a separator in an \MSCdoc{}
+diagram. The \coordarg{ypos} parameter defines the vertical position of the
+separator in the \MSCdoc{} diagram.
+
+\item[\cmd{setfootcolor}\{\emph{color}\}] Sets the color of the foot symbols of
+\MSC{} instances. Possible values are \emph{black}, \emph{white},
+\emph{gray}, or \emph{lightgray}. For more color values, see the
+documentation of the \LaTeXe{} \textsf{color} package.
+
+\item[\cmd{sethmsckeyword}\{\emph{kw}\}] Sets the \HMSC{} keyword to
+\emph{kw}. For this command to be effective, it should be used outside
+the \HMSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{sethmsckeywordstyle}\{\emph{kwstylemacro}\}] Redefines the
+\verb|\hmsckeywordstyle| macro to the macro \emph{kwstylemacro}. This
+should be a 1-argument macro, like the standard \LaTeX{}
+\cmd{textbf} and \cmd{textit}  commands. For this command to be effective, it
+should be used outside the \HMSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{setmscdockeyword}\{\emph{kw}\}] Sets the \MSCdoc{} keyword to
+\emph{kw}. For this command to be effective, it should be used outside
+the \MSCdoc{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{setmscdockeywordstyle}\{\emph{kwstylemacro}\}] Redefines the
+\verb|\mscdockeywordstyle| macro to the macro \emph{kwstylemacro}. This
+should be a 1-argument macro, like the standard \LaTeX{}
+\cmd{textbf} and \cmd{textit}  commands. For this command to be effective, it
+should be used outside the \MSCdoc{} environment.
+
+
+\item[\cmd{setmsckeyword}\{\emph{kw}\}] Sets the \MSC{} keyword to
+\emph{kw}. For this command to be effective, it should be used outside
+the \MSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{setmsckeywordstyle}\{\emph{kwstylemacro}\}] Redefines the
+\verb|\msckeywordstyle| macro to the macro \emph{kwstylemacro}. This
+should be a 1-argument macro, like the standard \LaTeX{}
+\cmd{textbf} and \cmd{textit}  commands. For this command to be effective, it
+should be used outside the \MSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{setmscscale}\{\emph{scalefactor}\}] Sets the scale factor
+of the \MSC{} environment to \emph{scalefactor}. the scale factor is
+supposed to be a real number. Scaling is done when the \MSC{}
+environment ends (\verb|\end{msc}|). The default of \emph{scalefactor}
+is~1.
+
+
+\item[\cmd{setmscvalues}\{\emph{size}\}] Sets the msc-lengths to one
+of the predefined \emph{sizes}. Valid values for \emph{size} are:
+\verb|small|, \verb|normal|, and \verb|large|.
+
+\item[\cmd{setstoptimer}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\{\emph{nm}\}\opt{\emph{offset}}]
+Draws both a \emph{timer} and a \emph{stop timer} symbol on the
+instance \emph{nm}.  The parameter \emph{label} defines the name of
+the timer. The optional parameter \emph{pos} defines the position of
+the \emph{timer} relative to the \emph{nm} instance. Valid positions
+are \verb|l| (left) and \verb|r| (right). The default position
+is~\verb|l|. The horizontal distance between the timer symbol and the
+instance axis is defined by \verb+selfmesswidth+.
+ 
+\item[\cmd{settimeout}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\{\emph{nm}\}\opt{\emph{offset}}]
+Draws a \emph{timer} symbol on the instance \emph{nm} and connects the
+\emph{timer} symbol and the instance with an arrow. The parameter
+\emph{label} defines the name of the \emph{timer}. The optional
+parameter \emph{pos} defines the position of the \emph{timer} relative
+to the \emph{nm} instance. Valid positions are \verb|l| (left) and
+\verb|r| (right). The default position is~\verb|l|. The optional
+parameter \emph{offset} defines the number of levels between the
+\emph{timer} symbol and the point where the arrow meets the \emph{nm}
+instance.  The default \emph{offset} is~2. The horizontal distance
+between the timer symbol and the instance axis is defined by
+\verb+selfmesswidth+.
+
+\item[\cmd{settimer}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\{\emph{nm}\}]
+Draws a \emph{timer} symbol on the instance \emph{nm}. The parameter
+\emph{label} defines the name of the timer. The optional parameter
+\emph{pos} defines the position of the \emph{timer} relative to the
+\emph{nm} instance. Valid positions are \verb|l| (left) and \verb|r|
+(right). The default position is~\verb|l|. The horizontal distance
+between the timer symbol and the instance axis is defined by
+\verb+selfmesswidth+.
+
+\item[\cmd{showgrid}] Turns on grid-drawing in \MSC, \MSCdoc, and \HMSC{}
+diagrams. This is useful to determine the values of the user definable
+lengths or if normal \textsf{pstricks} commands should be included in
+the diagram. (Note that the vertical axis of the \MSC{} grid has no positive
+labels.) This command should not be used inside an \MSC,
+\HMSC, or \MSCdoc{} evironment.
+
+\item[\cmd{stop}\{\emph{nm}\}] Stops the instance with nickname
+\emph{nm}. The instance line of \emph{nm} is drawn from its y-position
+to the current y-position of the \MSC{} (\verb|\msc@curentheight|). At
+the current height, a \emph{stop} symbol is drawn.
+
+\item[\cmd{stoptimer}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\{\emph{nm}\}]
+Draws a \emph{stop timer} symbol on the instance \emph{nm}. The
+parameter \emph{label} defines the name of the timer. The optional
+parameter \emph{pos} defines the position of the \emph{timer} relative
+to the \emph{nm} instance. Valid positions are \verb|l| (left) and
+\verb|r| (right). The default position is~\verb|l|. The horizontal
+distance between the timer symbol and the instance axis is defined by
+\verb+selfmesswidth+.
+
+\item[\cmd{timeout}\opt{\emph{pos}}\{\emph{label}\}\{\emph{nm}\}]
+Draws a \emph{timer} symbol on the instance \emph{nm} and connects the
+symbol and the instance with an arrow. The parameter \emph{label}
+defines the name of the timeout. The optional parameter \emph{pos}
+defines the position of the \emph{timer} symbol relative to the
+\emph{nm} instance. Valid positions are \verb|l| (left) and \verb|r|
+(right). The default position is~\verb|l|. The horizontal distance
+between the timer symbol and the instance axis is defined by
+\verb+selfmesswidth+.
+
+\end{defs}
+
+
+\section{User definable lengths}
+
+This section lists the user-definable lengths of the \mscpack. For
+each length, the default values for large, normal, and small diagrams
+are given. The appearance of \MSC, \HMSC, and \MSCdoc{} diagrams can be
+changed by adjusting these lengths. Use the normal \cmd{setlength}
+command to change these lengths.
+
+\begin{defs}
+
+\item[\cmd{actionheight}]
+Height of action symbols.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.75}{0.6}{0.5} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{actionwidth}]
+Width of action symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.25}{1.25}{1.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{bottomfootdist}]
+Distance between bottom of foot symbol and frame.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.0}{0.7}{0.5} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{commentdist}]
+Distance between a comment and its instance.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.5}{0.5}{0.5} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{conditionheight}]
+Height of condition symbols.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.75}{0.6}{0.5} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{conditionoverlap}]
+Overlap of condition symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.6}{0.5}{0.4} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{envinstdist}]
+Distance between environments and nearest instance line.\\
+(\lnsvalue{2.5}{2.0}{1.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{firstlevelheight}] Height of level just below head
+symbols. Should not be changed inside the \MSC{} environment.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.75}{0.6}{0.4} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscconditionheight}]
+Height of \HMSC{} condition symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.375}{0.3}{0.25} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscconditionwidth}]
+Width of \HMSC{} condition symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.0}{0.8}{0.7} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscconnectionradius}]
+Radius of \HMSC{} connection symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.06}{0.05}{0.04} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscreferenceheight}]
+Height of \HMSC{} reference symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.8}{0.7}{0.6} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscreferencewidth}]
+Width of \HMSC{} reference symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.6}{1.4}{1.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{hmscstartsymbolwidth}]
+Width of \HMSC{} start symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.85}{0.7}{0.4} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{inlineoverlap}]
+Overlap of inline symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.5}{1.0}{0.75} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{instbarwidth}]
+Default width of vertical instance bars (applies to fat instances only).\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.0}{0.0}{0.0} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{instdist}]
+Distance between instance axes.\\
+(\lnsvalue{3.0}{2.2}{1.5} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{instfootheight}] Height of foot symbols. Should not be
+changed inside the \MSC{} environment.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.25}{0.2}{0.15} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{instheadheight}] Height of head symbols. Should not be
+changed inside the \MSC{} environment.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.6}{0.55}{0.5} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{instwidth}]
+Width of header and foot symbols.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.75}{1.6}{1.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{labeldist}]
+Distance between labels and the symbols to which they belong (for instance, message labels and arrows).\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.0}{1.0}{1.0} ex.)
+
+\item[\cmd{lastlevelheight}] Height of level just above foot
+symbols. Should not be changed inside the \MSC{} environment.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.5}{0.4}{0.3} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{leftnamedist}] Distance between left of the frame and
+(left of) \MSC, \HMSC, or \MSCdoc{} title.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.3}{0.2}{0.1} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{levelheight}]
+Height of a level.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.75}{0.5}{0.4} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{lostsymbolradius}]
+Radius of the lost and found symbols.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.15}{0.12}{0.08} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{markdist}]
+Horizontal distance from a mark to its instance.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.0}{1.0}{1.0} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{measuredist}]
+Horizontal distance from a measure to its (closest) instance.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.0}{1.0}{1.0} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{measuresymbolwidth}]
+Width of a measure symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.75}{0.6}{0.4} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{mscdocreferenceheight}]
+Height of reference symbol in an \MSCdoc.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.8}{0.7}{0.6} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{mscdocreferencewidth}]
+Width of reference symbol in an \MSCdoc.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.6}{1.4}{1.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{referenceoverlap}]
+Overlap of reference symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.5}{1.0}{0.75} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{regionbarwidth}]
+Width of region bars.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.5}{0.4}{0.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{selfmesswidth}] Length of horizontal arms of self-messages,
+self-orders, lost messages and found messages as well as horizontal
+distance between instance axis and timer symbols.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.75}{0.6}{0.4} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{stopwidth}]
+Width of the stop symbol.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.6}{0.5}{0.3} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{timerwidth}]
+Width of the \emph{timer} symbols.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.4}{0.3}{0.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{topheaddist}]
+Distance between top of head symbols and frame.\\
+(\lnsvalue{1.5}{1.3}{1.2} cm.)
+
+\item[\cmd{topnamedist}] Distance between top of the frame and
+(top of) \MSC, \HMSC, or \MSCdoc{} title.\\
+(\lnsvalue{0.3}{0.2}{0.2} cm.)
+
+\end{defs}
+
+
+\section{lnternal lengths}
+
+The \mscpack{} uses some scratch lengths to perform
+calculations. Below, these scratch lengths are listed.
+
+\begin{defs}
+\item[\cmd{msc@commentdist}] Internal length to compute distance
+between comments and instances. (This length should be removed in the
+future.)
+
+\item[\cmd{msc@currentheight}]
+The current height of the current \MSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{msc@currentwidth}]
+The current width of the current \MSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{msc@totalheight}]
+The final height of the current \MSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{msc@totalwidth}]
+The final width of the current \MSC{} environment.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@X}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Xa}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Xb}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Xc}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Xd}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Y}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Ya}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Yb}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Yc}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@Yd}]
+Scratch length for intermediate computations.
+
+\end{defs}
+
+\section{Internal boxes}
+
+\begin{defs}
+
+\item[\cmd{mscbox}]
+The box that contains the current \MSC{} just before it is put on paper.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmp@box}]
+Scratch box for intermediate computations
+\end{defs}
+
+
+\section{Internal counters}
+
+\begin{defs}
+\item[\cmd{mscinstcnt}] The \MSC{} instance counter. This counter is
+increased each time an instance is created.
+
+\item[\cmd{tmpcnt}] Scratch counter for intermediate computations.
+
+\end{defs}
+
+\section{Limitations}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item The frames in an MSC do not automatically scale with the text
+inside the frame. However, the size of the frames can be set manually.
+
+\item Start and end points of messages are computed at the current
+level. This can give ill-looking effects if the width of the bar of an
+instance changes after the message is drawn, e.g., if an activation
+region starts or ends after the message is drawn.
+
+\item Messages that cause the start of a region should be drawn after
+the \verb|\regionstart| command, but in the same level.
+
+\item Messages that denote the end of a region should be
+drawn before the \verb|\regionend| command.
+
+\item Activation regions make crossing messages partly invisible. A
+solution for this problem is to first draw the instance foot symbols
+at the right level (using \verb|\inststop{i}|), then back up the total
+number of levels of the MSC (using \verb|\nextlevel[-n]|), and then
+drawing the messages.
+
+
+\item Documents using the \mscpack{} cannot be compiled with
+\emph{pdflatex}. The reason for this is that \textsf{pstricks} is not
+supported by \emph{pdflatex}.
+
+\item The source code of the \mscpack{} is only marginally
+documented. Therefore, changes/improvements by others are unlikely.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Tricks}
+\label{sec:tricks}
+
+In this section we describe some tricks to use the \mscpack{}
+efficiently.
+
+\paragraph{Multi-line text arguments}
+Many graphical objects in \MSC{} diagrams have text labels. In general,
+the commands to draw these objects put the text arguments on one
+line. If the text should consist of multiple lines, the \LaTeX{}
+\cmd{parbox} command can be used. For instance, to generate a message
+with a two-line label, write:
+
+\verb|\mess{\parbox{1cm}{two\\lines}}{s}{r}|
+
+
+\paragraph{Specifying lengths}
+The \mscpack{} imports the \textsf{calc} package in order to have a
+more natural syntax for arithmetical expressions.  Consequently, if a
+command expects a \LaTeX{} length argument, it is possible to use the
+expression syntax offered by \textsf{calc}.
+
+For example, consider the \MSC{} of
+Figure~\ref{fig:specifying:lengths}. To make sure the comment for
+instance~$j$ appears 1ex to the right of the \MSC{} frame, the value
+of the optional \emph{pos} parameter of the \cmd{comment} command
+should be
+\[ \cmd{instdist} + \cmd{envinstdist} + 1\textrm{ex}. \]
+
+To express this in normal \LaTeX, one should write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newlength{\l}
+\setlength{\l}{\instdist}
+\addtolength{\l}{\envinstdist}
+\addtolength{\l}{1ex}
+\msccomment[\l]{Comment for $j$}{j}
+\end{verbatim}
+inside the \MSC{} code. However, using \textsf{calc}'s expression
+syntax, it is also possible to write
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\msccomment[\instdist + \envinstdist + 1ex]{Comment for $j$}{j}
+\end{verbatim}
+The complete code for the diagram of
+Figure~\ref{fig:specifying:lengths} is given below.  Since the
+\textsf{calc} package is included in the standard \LaTeX{}
+distribution, there should be no compatibility problems.
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{msc}{Specifying lengths}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\declinst{k}{$k$}{}
+
+\nextlevel
+\msccomment[\instdist + \envinstdist + 1ex]{Comment for $j$}{j}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+
+\caption{Specifying lengths}
+\label{fig:specifying:lengths}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+{\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}{Specifying lengths}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\declinst{k}{$k$}{}
+
+\nextlevel
+\msccomment[\instdist + \envinstdist + 1ex]{Comment for $j$}{j}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+\paragraph{Level backup}
+It is possible to back-up several levels: just use a negative value in
+the \cmd{nextlevel} command. This \emph{feature} can be useful to draw
+messages over regions instead of regions over messages. Compare the
+diagrams of Figure~\ref{fig:level:backup}. The code for these diagrams
+is given below.
+
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\begin{center}
+\setmscvalues{small}
+\begin{tabular}{cc}
+\begin{msc}{Invisible message label}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\declinst{k}{$k$}{}
+
+\regionstart{activation}{j}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{Message a}{i}[0.25]{k}[2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+\regionend{j}
+\nextlevel
+\end{msc}
+
+&
+
+\begin{msc}{Level backup makes it visible}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\declinst{k}{$k$}{}
+
+\regionstart{activation}{j}
+\nextlevel[3]
+\regionend{j}
+\nextlevel[-2]% backing up
+\mess{Message a}{i}[0.25]{k}[2]
+\nextlevel[2]% fast forward
+\nextlevel
+\end{msc}
+\end{tabular}
+
+\caption{Level back-up}
+\label{fig:level:backup}
+\end{center}
+
+\end{figure}
+
+{\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}{Invisible message label}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\declinst{k}{$k$}{}
+
+\regionstart{activation}{j}
+\nextlevel
+\mess{Message a}{i}[0.25]{k}[2]
+\nextlevel[2]
+\regionend{j}
+\nextlevel
+\end{msc}
+
+
+\begin{msc}{Level backup makes it visible}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\declinst{k}{$k$}{}
+
+\regionstart{activation}{j}
+\nextlevel[3]
+\regionend{j}
+\nextlevel[-2]% backing up
+\mess{Message a}{i}[0.25]{k}[2]
+\nextlevel[2]% fast forward
+\nextlevel
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+
+\paragraph{Automatic resizing of actions}
+
+Consider the \MSC{} of Figure~\ref{fig:small:action}. The source code
+for this diagram is:
+{
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}{small action}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\action{\parbox{1cm}{\centering Do it now}}{i}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{msc}{small action}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\action{\parbox{1cm}{\centering Do it now}}{i}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{center}
+
+\caption{Small action symbol}
+\label{fig:small:action}
+\end{figure}
+
+It is clear that the action symbol is too small for the action
+label. The normal solution to this problem would be to change the
+values of \cmd{actionwidth} and \cmd{actionheight} such that the
+\cmd{parbox} containing the action label fits in the frame of the
+action symbol.
+
+Instead of computing these lengths and adding the necessary
+\cmd{setlength} commands manually, it would be nice to have a macro
+that computes and adjusts the lengths as required. The \cmd{Action} macro
+defined below does just that.
+{
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newsavebox{\labelbox}
+\newlength{\oldwd}
+\newlength{\oldht}
+\newcommand{\Action}[2]{%
+  \setlength{\oldwd}{\actionwidth}%
+  \setlength{\oldht}{\actionheight}%
+  \savebox{\labelbox}{#1}%
+  \setlength{\actionwidth}{\wd\labelbox + 2\labeldist}%
+  \setlength{\actionheight}{\ht\labelbox + \dp\labelbox + 2\labeldist}%
+  \action{\usebox{\labelbox}}{#2}%
+  \setlength{\actionwidth}{\oldwd}%
+  \setlength{\actionheight}{\oldht}%
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+} Note that we define a box (\cmd{labelbox}) and two lengths
+(\cmd{oldwd} and \cmd{oldht}) as scratch variables. Furthermore,
+before changing the width and height of action symbols, the old values
+are saved in \cmd{oldwd} and \cmd{oldht}, respectively. The new width
+and height of action symbols accomodate for white space around the
+action label by using the \mscpack{} length \cmd{labeldist}.  After
+changing the lengths, the action is drawn using the normal
+\cmd{action} command. Finally, the old values of \cmd{actionwidth} and
+\cmd{actionheight} are restored.
+
+
+\newsavebox{\labelbox}
+\newlength{\oldwd}
+\newlength{\oldht}
+\newcommand{\Action}[2]{%
+  \setlength{\oldwd}{\actionwidth}%
+  \setlength{\oldht}{\actionheight}%
+  \savebox{\labelbox}{#1}%
+  \setlength{\actionwidth}{\wd\labelbox + 2\labeldist}%
+  \setlength{\actionheight}{\ht\labelbox + \dp\labelbox + 2\labeldist}%
+  \action{\usebox{\labelbox}}{#2}%
+  \setlength{\actionwidth}{\oldwd}%
+  \setlength{\actionheight}{\oldht}%
+}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:resizing:action} shows the effect of automatic
+resizing action symbols. Instance~$i$ has automically resizing
+action. The actions of instance~$j$ are normal actions that show the
+new \cmd{Action} command changes the size of one action symbol
+only. The source of this diagram is given below.
+
+\begin{figure}[htb]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{msc}{small action}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\action{A}{j}
+\Action{\parbox{1cm}{\centering Do it now}}{i}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\action{B}{j}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{center}
+
+\caption{Automatic resizing action symbol}
+\label{fig:resizing:action}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+{
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{msc}{small action}
+\declinst{i}{$i$}{}
+\declinst{j}{$j$}{}
+\action{A}{j}
+\Action{\parbox{1cm}{\centering Do it now}}{i}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\action{B}{j}
+\nextlevel[2]
+\end{msc}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+
+\bibliographystyle{plain}
+\bibliography{biblio}
+
+\end{document}
+