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+%% linguex-doc.tex version 3.4
+%% documentation of linguex.sty
+%% Author: Wolfgang.Sternefeld@uni-tuebingen.de
+%% filedate 02/01/26
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{linguex}
+%\usepackage{linguho}
+%\usepackage[*]{linguho}
+%\documentstyle[linguex]{article}
+\sloppy\raggedbottom
+%\addtolength{\alignSubExnegindent}{.7em}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{document}           
+\title{linguex.sty Documentation}
+\author{Wolfgang Sternefeld\\
+Version 3.4 --- January 2002}
+\date{}
+\maketitle
+
+\subsection*{Abstract}%
+{\tt linguex.sty} is a \LaTeX-tool written for the lazy linguist.  Its 
+handling of example numbering, indentations, indexed brackets, and 
+grammaticality judgments reduces the effort of formatting linguistic 
+examples to a minimum.  It also allows for automatic extraction of a 
+handout.
+
+The macro runs with \LaTeXe\ only and requires two additional 
+style files: {\tt xspace.sty} from 
+the base of  and {\tt cgloss4e.sty} (a modification of the 
+midnight gloss macro) for glosses.   
+
+\subsection*{The Three Basic Commands} The linguex macro defines three 
+basic commands: \verb-\ex.-, \verb-\a.-, and \verb-\b.-.  The first 
+two generate list environments.  The third functions basically like an 
+\verb-\item-.  Here is an example.  Type setting
+
+%\begin{samepage}
+\begin{verbatim} 
+\ex. This is the first level of embedding
+    \a. This is the second level
+    \b. This is still the second level, but:
+        \a. This is the third level
+        \b. This is not the end.
+        \b. This is the end
+\end{verbatim}
+will print:
+
+\ex.  This is the first level of embedding
+       \a.  This is the second level
+       \b.  This is still the second level, but:
+             \a. This is the third level
+             \b. This is not the end.
+             \b. This is the end 
+
+%\end{samepage}
+The list environment created by \verb-\ex.- must be closed by a single 
+blank line (a \verb-\par-).  The text following this list will not be 
+indented.  In order to get a \verb|\parindent|, a \textit{second} 
+blank line must be added, immediately following the first.
+
+The commands \verb-\c.-, \verb-\d.-, \verb-\e.-, and \verb-\f.- are 
+equivalent copies of \verb-\b.-; they were defined to produce a kind 
+of WYSIWYG-effect.
+
+The blank line at the end of \Last simultaneously closes the three 
+lists of \Last (opened by \verb|\ex.|, \verb|\a.|, and the embedded 
+\verb|\a.|).  To close just one of the embedded lists (introduced by 
+\verb|\a.|) put \verb-\z.- at the point of transition from 
+level $n$ of the embedding to level $n-1$.  This is exemplified by the 
+following example:
+
+%\begin{samepage}
+\ex.\a. {\it Government:}\\
+       A governs B iff
+       \a. A is a governor;
+       \b. A m-commands B;
+       \c. no barrier intervenes between A and B
+       \z.
+   \c.    Governors are lexical nodes and tensed I.
+       \z.
+       (from Haegeman 1991)
+       
+%
+\begin{verbatim}
+This is exemplified by the following example:
+\ex.\a. {\it Government:}\\
+        A governs B iff
+         \a. A is a governor;
+         \b. A m-commands B;
+         \c. no barrier intervenes between A and B
+         \z.
+    \b.  Governors are lexical nodes and tensed I.
+    \z.
+    (from Haegeman 1991)
+\end{verbatim}%\end{samepage}
+%
+
+\subsection*{Cross References}%
+can be handled by \verb-\label{...}- and \verb-\ref{...}- in the usual 
+manner.  For example, a label between \verb-\ex.- and \verb-\a.- 
+stores the main example number for further reference; the same command 
+following \verb-\a.- or \verb-\b.- stores the label of a 
+(sub-)subexample for further reference.
+
+For cross references in the immediate vicinity of an example, you need 
+not \verb|\label| the examples.  \verb-\Next- refers to the following 
+example number, and \verb-\NNext- to the next but one.  Reference to 
+the previous example is provided by \verb-\Last-; the penultimate one 
+is referred to with \verb-\LLast-.
+
+These shorthands always refer to the first level of embedding.  
+Reference to subexamples can only be obtained by adding an (optional) argument 
+to the above Next- and Last-commands.  For example, saying 
+\verb.\NNext[g-ii].  right now yields \NNext[g-ii].  The dash between 
+\addtocounter{ExNo}{2}\arabic{ExNo}\addtocounter{ExNo}{-2} and g is 
+defined as \verb|\refdash|.  It can be suppressed by 
+\verb|\renewcommand{\refdash}{}|.
+
+
+\subsection*{Footnotes}%
+Inside a footnote, the \verb-\Next--command presupposes that the next 
+example is still inside the footnote rather than within the main body 
+of the document.  Say \verb-\TextNext- to refer to the next example within the 
+main text.  (When you intend to make endnotes instead of footnotes, 
+all cross references from footnote to text must be handled by 
+\verb-\label{...}- and \verb-\ref{...}-.)
+
+In case an \verb-\ex.--environment contains a footnote that contains a 
+\verb-\par- (= a blank line --- this will necessarily be the case with a 
+footnote containing itself an \verb-\ex.-), the \verb-\par- will be 
+misinterpreted as the end of the main text example.  It is therefore 
+necessary to split the command \verb-\footnote{...}- into 
+\verb-\footnotemark- and \verb-\footnotetext{...}- (see 
+\LaTeX-manual).  The footnotetext must be placed outside the 
+\verb-\ex.--environment of the main text.
+
+Some style files (e.g.  endnote.sty) modify the definition of 
+footnotes (as linguex.sty itself does so in order to let \verb|\ex.| know 
+whether or not it is inside a footnote).  Such style files must be 
+accommodated to linguex.sty by making sure that \verb-\if@noftnote- is 
+set false at the beginning of each footnote (by saying 
+\verb-\@noftnotefalse- in the modified footnote definition); otherwise 
+you will get the arabic style of example numberings (as being used in 
+the main text) rather than the roman numbers (being used inside 
+footnotes).
+
+
+\subsection*{Glosses}%
+require {\tt cgloss4e.sty}, which is input by {\tt linguex.sty}.  
+Instead of writing \verb.\gll.  (as would be required by the gloss 
+macro), one should append a `g' to the last letter of an example 
+command, as shown below:
+
+\begin{samepage}\begin{verbatim}
+\ex.\a. No gloss
+     \bg. This is a first gloss\\
+         Dies ist eine erste Glosse\\
+                
+\exg.  Dies ist nicht die erste Glosse\\
+         This is not the first gloss\\
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+\ex.\a. No gloss
+       \bg. This is a first gloss\\
+          Dies ist eine erste Glosse\\
+          
+\exg.  *Dies ist nicht die erste Glosse\\
+          This is   not  the   first  gloss\\
+
+\end{samepage}
+Using \verb.\gll.  still works in principle, but should be avoided, 
+for reasons explained in the next section.
+
+
+\subsection*{Grammaticality Judgments}%
+composed out of *, ?, \#, and \%, are automatically prefixed at the
+very beginning of a new list.   A standard example like \Next 
+looks like this (to increase readability I also removed mathmode from 
+subscripting):
+
+\catcode`_=\active
+\def_#1{\ifmmode\sb{#1}\else$\sb{#1}$\fi}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\catcode`_=\active
+\def_#1{\ifmmode\sb{#1}\else$\sb{#1}$\fi}
+\exg. \%*Wen_i liebt_k seine_i Mutter t_i t_k?\\
+        Whom  loves  his   mother\\
+        `Who does his mother love?'
+\end{verbatim}
+\exg. \%*Wen_i liebt_k seine_i Mutter t_i t_k?\\
+                Whom  loves  his      mother\\
+                `Who does his mother love?'
+
+Automatic prefixing implies that \textbf{nothing} intervenes between the list 
+opening command and the judgment.  In particular, labels must {\it 
+follow\/} the grammaticality judgment! Likewise, writing 
+\verb|\ex.\gll| instead of \verb|\exg.| will have the  effect of not 
+prefixing the grammaticality judgment.
+
+
+\subsection*{Labelled Brackets}%
+ \verb-\exi.- identifies ``words'' by looking for space characters 
+ between them; it then checks whether the word following a space 
+ starts with one of the brackets ``['' or ``]''.  The material between 
+ such a bracket and the next space character will be subscripted.  A 
+ standard example would be the following:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\exi. *[CP Wen_i [C$'$ liebt_j [IP [NP seine_i Mutter ]%
+      [VP t_i t_j ]]]]
+\end{verbatim}
+\exi.  *[CP Wen_i [C$'$ liebt_j [IP [NP seine_i Mutter ]%
+       [VP t_i t_j ]]]]
+
+Note that above a blank space between {\tt [IP} and {\tt [NP} is 
+crucial, otherwise the bracket of {\tt [NP} would be subscripted as 
+well.  Note also that a space is required before the grammaticality 
+judgment, otherwise the beginning of subscripting cannot be properly 
+identified.
+
+As with the gloss macro, grouping surpresses subscripting. 
+Consider  the effects of spacing and grouping in \Next:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\exi.\a.  [[NP Fritz ][ snores ]]S
+    \b.   [[NP Fritz][snores]]S
+    \c.   [ [NP Fritz ][snores]]S
+    \d.   [[NP Fritz {][}snores ]]S
+    \e.   {[[+N,--V]} Fritz ][VP snores ] \hfill{} [NP Structure]
+    \f.  *[{}[+N,--V] Fritz ][VP snores ] \hfill [NP-Structure]
+\end{verbatim}       
+\exi.\a.   [[NP Fritz ][ snores ]]S
+    \b.       [[NP Fritz][snores]]S
+    \c.       [ [NP Fritz ][snores]]S
+    \d.       [[NP Fritz {][}snores ]]S
+    \e.     {[[+N,--V]} Fritz ][VP snores ] \hfill{} [NP Structure]
+    \f.   *[{}[+N,--V] Fritz ][VP snores ] \hfill [NP-Structure]
+           
+Grouping works the same way as in the gloss macro where it protects 
+from glossing.  E.g., a group such as \verb.{][}.  in \Last[d] is 
+ignored for subscripting so that the following material is protected 
+from automatic subscripting (but note that something like the opposite 
+happens in \Last[e] after \verb|\hfill|!).
+
+Note that commands that look ahead and extend over more than one word 
+might not work properly unless two or more words are put into a group.  
+Suppose we are inside an \verb-\exi.--environment and we want to say 
+something like \verb-\b.[Principle C]-.  What will happen?  The space 
+between ``\texttt{e}'' and ``\texttt{C}'' will make the subscripting 
+device read \verb-\b.[Principle- as a ``word.''  This, unfortunately, 
+prevents the argument of \verb-\b.- from being interpreted correctly.  
+Solutions are to write \verb-\b.[Principle~C]-, \verb-\b.[{Principle C}]-, 
+or \verb-{\b.[Principle C]}-.
+
+Subscripting outside the \verb|\exi.|-environment can be done by using 
+\verb-\I- as shown below:
+
+\medskip
+\verb|\I[NP Text| $\Longrightarrow$ \I[NP Text,
+
+ \verb.\I($\alpha$ Text.  $\Longrightarrow$ \I({$\alpha$} Text, 
+
+ \verb.\I{$\alpha$}NP Text. $\Longrightarrow$ \I{$\alpha$}NP Text, 
+
+ \verb.\I{Whom}ACC does John\ldots.  $\Longrightarrow$ \I{Whom}ACC 
+ does John\ldots
+
+\medskip\noindent
+For combining glosses with labelled brackets, 
+say \verb-\exig.- or \verb-\exgi.-.  Note that although the 
+list-generating commands \verb-\ex.- and \verb-\a.- can be combined in 
+any order, all commands that introduce automatic subscripting can be used 
+only at the top level, i.e.  cannot be embedded!!!.  Note also that 
+$n$ nested \verb-\ex.--commands need $n$ consecutive blank lines 
+(\verb.\par.s) to properly identify the end of all lists.
+
+\subsection*{Handouts}%
+Since the surface implementation of the list environment does not use 
+the begin-end-format, style files that suppress printing between the 
+end and the beginning of certain environments (e.g.  {\tt 
+xcomment.sty}) could unfortunately not be adopted to produce a handout 
+(I didn't see a way of doing so, probably because I didn't understand 
+what goes on inside xcomment.sty).
+
+This deficiency might be compensated for by using {\tt linguho.sty}, 
+which removes all examples and headings (of sections and subsections) 
+from the \LaTeX-document and stores them in a file whose extension is 
+.han (namely \textit{jobname}.han).  Putting \verb.\makehandout.  
+somewhere at the end of the document (e.g. before the bibliography) will 
+print out \textit{jobname}.han at the position of \verb-\makehandout-.  If 
+\verb-\section*{...}- and \verb-\subsection*{...}- should also go into 
+the handout, say \verb-\usepackage[*]{linguho}-.  Use 
+\verb-\maketitle- to get the title into the handout.
+
+Note that all of \LaTeX's \verb|\setlength| and \verb|\settowidth| 
+instructions automatically go into \textit{jobname}.han and are 
+executed only there.  (The main body of text before 
+\verb-\makehandout- is considered irrelevant, but I didn't find a way 
+to suppress writing it into the dvi-file.  Any help to solve this 
+problem will be appreciated; note that I am not a \TeX-wizzard, only a lazy 
+linguist).  
+
+In case you have defined \verb.\active.  characters (e.g.  Umlaut in 
+German) these will most likely turn out troublesome (i.e.  these 
+commands should normaly be protected).  For a general solution, 
+inspect the definition of \verb.\MkOthersSpecial.  in linguho.sty.  
+Uncommenting any of the lines there will solve the problem for the 
+active character contained in the respective line (sometimes it might 
+in addition be necessary to use t1enc.sty or germanb.sty instead of 
+german.sty).
+
+
+\subsection*{Customizing Lengths and Margins}%
+The user may modify any of the lengths displayed in the following 
+scheme, which also shows their predefined default values:
+
+\setlength{\Exlabelwidth}{0pt}
+\setlength{\Exlabelsep}{0pt}
+\ex. \label{diagramm}\footnotesize\arraycolsep2pt 
+$\begin{array}[t]{@{}l|l|l|l|l@{}}
+	 \multicolumn{5}{c}{\backslash{\rm Extopsep} \updownarrow
+	 0.66\backslash{\rm baselineskip}}  
+\\[1ex]
+	\underbrace{\backslash\rm Exindent}_{{\rm 0pt}}& 
+	      \fbox{$\backslash$\rm  Exlabelwidth} 
+	      \underbrace{\backslash\rm Exlabelsep}_{{\rm 1.3em}} 
+	      & {\rm Text ...} &&\\
+ &&
+ \rm a.  &\rm Text \ldots &   \\
+	 && \underbrace{\backslash\rm SubExleftmargin}_{{\rm 2.4em}} 
+	 &\rm (i) & \rm Text \ldots  \\
+	 &&  & \underbrace{\backslash\rm SubSubExleftmargin}_{{\rm 2em}} 
+	 &\rm\ldots text.  \\[2ex]
+ \multicolumn{5}{c}{\backslash{\rm Extopsep}\updownarrow 
+    0.66\backslash{\rm  baselineskip}}  
+    \end{array}$
+    \global\alignSubExtrue
+
+The value of \verb.\Exlabelwidth.  is determined by the width of the
+current label.  Note that for displaying the table as shown in \Last,
+the leftmargin of the list must be zero; accordingly, both
+\verb|\Exlabelwidth| and \verb|\Exlabelsep| were set to zero.  To
+restore all default values of the lenghts shown in \Last
+simultaneously, say \verb-\resetExdefaults-.  The exact behavior of
+\verb.\Exlabelwidth.  is explained further below.  With some non
+standard fonts the default spacing can be defined only
+\verb.\AtBeginDocument.  (for reasons I do not understand), therefore
+ the default values for the above lengths are declared  
+ \verb.\AtBeginDocument..  In consequence, any
+deviation from the default must be specified  
+after \verb.\begin{document}.
+
+
+Some journals require a different arrangement of margins, e.g.\  one 
+which aligns the left edges of examples with the left edges of 
+subexamples, as shown in \Next and \NNext: 
+
+\resetExdefaults 
+\addtolength{\Exlabelsep}{.5em}%
+      \addtolength{\alignSubExnegindent}{.5em}
+\ex. \label{align}First example:
+\a. Subexample1 
+    \b. Subexample2
+    \a. Subsubexample1 \ldots\global\alignSubExfalse
+ 
+\addtolength{\Exlabelsep}{-.5em}%
+\addtolength{\alignSubExnegindent}{-.5em}%
+By saying \verb.\alignSubExtrue. before \verb.\begin{document}., 
+the sublabels (a. and b. in \Last) 
+are given a negative indentation. This is controled by the lengths
+\verb.\alignSubExnegindent.  and \verb.\Exlabelsep.,
+which can be customized by \verb-\setlength-.  after \verb.\begin{document}..
+
+
+\subsection*{Customizing Labels}%
+The labels of the examples are created by the counters \verb-ExNo-, 
+\verb-SubExNo-, and \verb-SubSubExNo- for the three levels of 
+embedding respectively; \verb-FnExNo- is used for the first level 
+inside footnotes.  These counters are the default labels of the list 
+items.  They can be changed anywhere in the document, by using 
+\verb.\setcounter.  as usual.
+
+There are a number of further possibilities to generate labels that differ 
+from the default.  One is to
+use \verb-\a.- without embedding it into \verb|\ex.|. This will yield the 
+expected result, namely a list that uses the \verb|SubEx| counter at 
+the top-level:
+
+\a. First line
+\b. Second line
+\c. Third line
+
+Moreover, any of the list commands can take an optional 
+argument, whose specification replaces the default label: 
+ 
+\begin{samepage}
+\a.[{\bf Principle C} (Chomsky{[81]}): ] An R-expression is free only
+      \a.[$\alpha$)] with respect to potential binders
+             in A-positions,
+      \b.[$\beta$)] within the domain of its chain.
+      
+\begin{verbatim}
+\a.[{\bf Principle C} (Chomsky{[81]}): ] 
+      An R-expression is free only
+      \a.[$\alpha$)] with respect to potential binders
+             in A-positions,
+      \b.[$\beta$)] within the domain of its chain.
+ \end{verbatim}
+\end{samepage}
+%
+The optional argument must immediately follow ``.'', so don't leave 
+space between \verb|\ex.| or \verb|\a.| and ``['' !!!.  By contrast, 
+it will often be the case that an example starts with a (labelled) 
+bracket like \I[NP .  If so, it is obligatory to put a space 
+between ``.'' and  ``['' .
+
+As illustrated above, the topmost \verb#\a.#-command picks up the 
+\verb|\Exlabelwidth| of the preceding example.  By contrast, using 
+\verb-\ex.[{\it Principle C} ...]- instead of %
+\verb-\a.[{\it Principle C} ...]- has the effect of adjusting the 
+indentation of the following text to the width of the optional 
+argument, as shown below:
+  
+\ex.[{\bf Principle C} (Chomsky{[81]}): ] An R-expression is free only
+      \a.[$\alpha$)] with respect to potential binders
+             in A-positions,
+      \b.[$\beta$)] within the domain of its chain.
+      
+Assuming that regular example numbers do not exceed (999), this 
+departure from the default behavior only occurs for optional arguments 
+whose width exceeds that of (999).
+
+Optional arguments can also be used to simulate other environments. 
+E.g., \LaTeX-style itemizing at the top level can be simulated as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\ex.[\hfill$\bullet$\hfill] Line 1
+\b. Line 2
+\c. Line 3
+\end{verbatim}
+\ex.[\hfill$\bullet$\hfill] Line 1
+\b. Line 2
+\c. Line 3\global\let\oldalph=\alph\global\let\alph=\arabic
+
+Temporarily redefining \verb.\alph., as shown in the following 
+example, yields an enumeration:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\let\oldalph=\alph\let\alph=\arabic
+\a.  Text 1 
+\b.  Text 2
+\c.  Text 3 \global\let\alph=\oldalph
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\a.  Text 1 
+\b.  Text 2
+\c.  Text 3 \global\let\alph=\oldalph\global\alignSubExtrue 
+
+The stylesheet of \textit{English Language 
+and Linguistics}  requires examples of the following form:
+
+\setlength{\Exlabelsep}{2em}
+\exi.  
+[v [v broke_i $\emptyset$ ][VP the vase [V$'$ t_i into 
+pieces ]]]
+
+\ex.\def\SubExLeftBracket{(}\def\SubExRightBracket{)}
+\a. It kept warm
+      \b. She kept it warm\global\alignSubExfalse
+
+
+Apart form 
+specifying \verb.\alignSubExtrue. before \verb.\begin{document}. 
+this requires to redefine the brackets of sublabels, as shown below:
+\resetExdefaults
+\begin{verbatim}
+\renewcommand{\SubExLeftBracket}{(}
+\renewcommand{\SubExRightBracket}{)}
+\setlength{\Exlabelsep}{2em}
+\exi.  [v [v broke_i $\emptyset$ ][VP the vase [V$'$ t_i into 
+    pieces~]]]
+
+\ex.\a.  It kept warm 
+    \b.  She kept it warm 
+\end{verbatim}%
+In addition,  \verb|\renewcommand{\refdash}{}|  changes cross 
+references from eg.  \Last[b] to \renewcommand{\refdash}{}\Last[b].  
+
+
+\subsection*{$\backslash$\tt Exlabelwidth}%
+By default, the value of \verb.\Exlabelwidth.  is determined by the 
+width of the example numbering.  More precisely, for labels between 
+(1) and (9) the labelwidth is by default that of (11); accordingly, the 
+actual labelwidth is a bit larger than the natural size of the label.  
+Similarly, \verb.\Exlabelwidth.  has the width of (110) for 
+\verb-\theExNo-'s between (10) and (99).  Finally, 
+\verb,\Exlabelwidth, has the width of (1100) for example numbers 
+between (100) and (999).  For even wider labels (usually specified by 
+an optional argument, cf.  above), the label retains its natural size.
+
+Since the space between the \verb.\Exlabelwidth.  and the text 
+remains the same, the transition from (9) to (10) and from (99) 
+to (100) will cause a small change of indentation, which might look 
+ugly, particularly  in handouts.  In order to 
+supress the default behavior of \verb|\Exlabelwidth|, it must be 
+assigned a particular length.  For example, saying 
+\verb.\settowidth{\Exlabelwidth}{(110)}.  will cause the labelwidth of 
+all examles from (1) to (99) to be identical.
+
+Since wide labels should still retain their natural size, the user's 
+specification of \verb|\Exlabelsep| should not be wider than (1100), 
+otherwise the default mechanism is still active, and the value of 
+\verb|\Exlabelsep| is ignored.  E.g., saying 
+\verb|\setlength{\Exlabelwidth}{3em}| will most likely cause the list 
+declaration to take up its default behavior, because ``3em'' is wider 
+than ``(1100)''.  (The default value of 
+\verb|\Exlabelwidth| is 4em).
+
+
+\subsection*{cgloss4e.sty}
+I found two problems with cgloss4e.sty.  The first relates to AMS-\TeX.
+Writing a translation immediated below the glossed material normally
+behaves as one would expect, but with AMS-Tex the translation becomes
+indented, for reasons I do not understand.  To remidy this, one has to
+(re-)define the list indentation, e.g. as shown below (from \LaTeX):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\makeatletter
+\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+	    \parsep 5\p@  \@plus2.5\p@ \@minus\p@
+	    \topsep 10\p@ \@plus4\p@   \@minus6\p@
+	    \itemsep5\p@  \@plus2.5\p@ \@minus\p@}
+\let\@listI\@listi
+\@listi
+\makeatother
+\end{verbatim}
+The second problem concerns the use of \verb.\gll.  at a position
+other than the beginning of a list.  Then the gloss starts a new
+paragraph and puts unwanted vspace above and below the list.  One way
+to suppress this is to change the flushleft commands used within
+cgloss4e.sty into raggedright by saying 
+\verb.\renewenvironment{flushleft}{\raggedright}{}..
+
+
+%\makehandout
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/linguex/ps-trees-doc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/linguex/ps-trees-doc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25377efa567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/linguex/ps-trees-doc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+%% ps-trees-doc.tex version 2 
+%% Author: Wolfgang.Sternefeld@uni-tuebingen.de
+%% filedate 99/05/04
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{ps-trees}
+\parindent0pt\sloppy
+\parskip\bigskipamount
+\raggedbottom
+%\overfullrule2pt
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{ps-trees.sty Documentation}
+\author{Wolfgang Sternefeld\\
+      Version 2 --- May 1998}
+\maketitle
+
+Experimenting with a number of tree-macros I found that complex 
+real-life examples often lead to problems with controlling the 
+positioning of nodes in a tree.  I therefore decided to use 
+tree-dvips.sty (by Emma Pease), where the user has full control 
+over the position of nodes by putting them into a table.  The present 
+macro inputs tree-dvips.sty and presupposes knowledge of its 
+node-commands.
+
+One of the shortcomings of tree-dvips.sty is that it does not control 
+the correct use of the names for nodes.  This means that in case of a 
+user error, no warning will appear and no output will be printed.  
+The basic idea of the present macro is to regain control 
+over the use of names by using them as an encoding of the structure of 
+a tree.  More specifically, for a node named $x$ to be connected with 
+a node named $y$ (i.e.  $x$ and $y$ are the first arguments of the 
+command \verb|\node|) $y$ must have the form $cx$, where $x$ and $y$ 
+are strings of characters and $c$ is exactly one character.  For 
+ordinary branching trees, this makes the specification of 
+\verb.\nodeconnect{#1}{#2}.  superfluous.  Consider the following 
+example and compare the printed file with the .tex-source of this 
+file:
+
+\begin{treetab}{*4c}
+             &\Node{}{IP}           \\[3ex]
+\Node{l}{D}  &                      &\Node{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{ml}{She}&\Node{lr}{V}          &           &\Node{rr}{D}\\[3ex]
+             &\Node{mlr}{exonerated}&           &\Node{mrr}{him}
+\end{treetab}
+%
+\hspace*{\fill}
+\begin{minipage}{.7\textwidth}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{treetab}{*4c}
+&\Node{}{IP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{l}{D}&&\Node{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{ml}{She}&\Node{lr}{V}&&\Node{rr}{D}\\[3ex]
+&\Node{mlr}{exonerated}&&\Node{mrr}{him}
+\end{treetab}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{minipage}\hfill
+%
+
+\verb.\begin{treetab}. is defined in terms of \verb.\begin{tabular}..  
+The actual execution of the node connections (based on the node names 
+as specified by the first argument of \verb|\Node|) is performed as a part of 
+\verb.\end{treetab}.. In case a node cannot be interpreted as a node 
+in a tree, a warning will be typed out. 
+
+The remaining problem is to gain control over the width of columns in 
+a table.  This is often tedious, but the effort seems worthwhile as 
+evidenced by the poor results of macros that calculate the position of 
+nodes automatically.  Being essentially an aesthetic problem, the 
+present macro offers only limited support towards a uniform solution.  
+The following, however, might be helpful.
+
+First of all, the effects of \verb.\tabcolsep.  and \verb.\nodemargin.  
+on a precise positioning of nodes are disturbing, so both values are 
+set to zero by \verb.\begin{treetab}..  In order to achieve a minimum 
+of symmetry of branchings, a first idea would be that all rows should 
+have the same width, implying that the width of each node should be 
+determined by the widest leave.  Since individual nodes that come 
+later in a table might determine the size of previous nodes, it might 
+be a good idea to put all relevant nodes (by default: all leaves) into 
+boxes before starting the table.  The minimal size of all nodes (or 
+columns) can then be determined by the command \verb.\NodeWidthNo{n}., 
+where $n$ is the number of the box, whose width should become the 
+minimal width of all other columns.  \verb.\NodeWidthNo.  is defined 
+as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newcommand{\NodeWidthNo}[1]{\setlength{\MinNodeWidth}{\the\wd#1}}	
+\end{verbatim}
+The length \verb|\MinNodeWidth| will subsequently be used to 
+determine the minimal width of each node. (In order to give an 
+individual node the width of a particular  prespecified box 
+$n$, the node command can take an optional argument 
+\verb|\Node[n]{...}{...}|).
+
+For example, if we let the word \textit{exonerate} determine the size 
+of all nodes, the result is the following:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\setbox1=\hbox{She}
+\setbox2=\hbox{exonerated}
+\setbox3=\hbox{him}
+\NodeWidthNo2
+%
+\begin{treetab}{*4c}
+&\Node{}{IP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{l} {DP}&&\Node{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\NodeNo1{ml}&\Node{lr}{V}&&\Node{rr} {DP}\\[3ex]
+&\NodeNo2{mlr}&&\NodeNo3{mrr}
+\end{treetab}
+\end{verbatim}
+\setbox1=\hbox{She}
+\setbox2=\hbox{exonerated}
+\setbox3=\hbox{him}
+\NodeWidthNo2
+%
+\begin{treetab}{*4c}
+&\Node{}{IP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{l} {DP}&&\Node{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\NodeNo1{ml}&\Node{lr}{V}&&\Node{rr} {DP}\\[3ex]
+&\NodeNo2{mlr}&&\NodeNo3{mrr}
+\end{treetab}
+
+But now the space between box2 and box3 might strike one as too wide, 
+being seperated by the box of the VP. One possibility would be to 
+specify VPs node as \verb|\Node[0]{r}{VP}| which puts VP into a box 
+whose width is \verb|\wd0|, which is zero because box0 has not yet 
+been used.  A more general way would be to place the VP node right 
+into the middle between two columns.  This saves us one column in the 
+table; the command \verb.\NodeZ. makes a box of width zero and puts it 
+at the right edge of a column (i.e.  ``between'' two columns): %
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{treetab}{ccc}
+&\Node{}{IP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{l} {DP}&\NodeZ{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\NodeNo1{ml}&\Node{lr}{V}&\Node{rr} {DP}\\[3ex]
+&\NodeNo2{mlr}&\NodeNo3{mrr}
+\end{treetab}
+\end{verbatim}
+\setbox1=\hbox{She}
+\setbox2=\hbox{exonerated}
+\setbox3=\hbox{him}
+\NodeWidthNo2
+%
+\begin{treetab}{ccc}
+&\Node{}{IP}\\[3ex]
+\Node{l} {DP}&\NodeZ{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\NodeNo1{ml}&\Node{lr}{V}&\Node{rr} {DP}\\[3ex]
+&\NodeNo2{mlr}&\NodeNo3{mrr}
+\end{treetab}
+
+But now we got an asymmetry of the branches at the top level, which 
+can be fixed by shifting the IP to the left.  This can be done by 
+replacing \verb|\Node{}{IP}| by \verb|\NodeZ{}{IP}\hspace*{0.75\wd2}|:
+
+\setbox1=\hbox{She}
+\setbox2=\hbox{exonerated}
+\setbox3=\hbox{him}
+\NodeWidthNo2
+\begin{treetab}{ccc}
+&\NodeZ{}{IP}\hspace*{0.75\wd2}\\[3ex]
+\Node{l} {DP}&\NodeZ{r}{VP}\\[3ex]
+\NodeNo1{ml}&\Node{lr}{V}&\Node{rr} {DP}\\[3ex]
+&\NodeNo2{mlr}&\NodeNo3{mrr}
+\end{treetab}
+
+For larger trees these asymmetries have to be  levelled out 
+consecutively, as shown in the next tree (an example from real life):  
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\let\N=\Node
+\let\NZ=\NodeZ
+\let\NNo=\NodeNo
+\let\NTNo=\NodeTNo
+\let\MNW=\MinNodeWidth
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\newcommand{\End}{\\[4ex]}
+\newcommand{\trivtab}[2]{\hbox{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}#1\\
+               #2\end{tabular}}}
+\newcommand{\twotab}[2]{\hbox{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}ll@{}}#1\\
+               #2\end{tabular}}}
+%
+\tabcolsep2pt
+\setbox0=\twotab{mit & wem$_i$}{with & who}
+\setbox1=\trivtab{glaubst}{think}
+\setbox2=\trivtab{du}{you}
+\setbox3=\hbox{t$_j$}
+\setbox4=\hbox{t$_i$}
+\setbox5=\trivtab{dass}{that}
+\setbox6=\trivtab{Maria}{Maria} 
+\setbox7=\hbox{t$_i$}
+\setbox8=\twotab{gesprochen & hat}{spoken & has}
+
+%
+\NodeWidthNo1%
+\newcommand{\adjustA}{\hspace*{.75\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustB}{\hspace*{.625\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustC}{\hspace*{.5625\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustD}{\hspace*{.53125\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustE}{\hspace*{.515625\MNW}}
+%
+\begin{treetab}{*9{c}}
+\rlap{\hspace*{.25\wd0}\adjustA\makebox[0pt]{\N{}{CP}}}\End 
+\N{l}{Spec}&&\N{r}{C$'$}\End 
+\NTNo0{ml}&\N{lr}{C$^0$}&&\N{rr}{IP}\End
+&\NNo1[6]{mlr}&\N{lrr}{DP}&&\NZ{rrr}{V}\adjustE\End
+&&\NNo2{mlrr}&\N{lrrr}{V}&&\NZ{rrrr}{CP}\adjustD\End
+&&&\NNo3{mlrrr}&\N{lrrrr}{Spec}&&\NZ{rrrrr}{C$'$}\adjustC\End
+&&&&\NNo4{mlrrrr}&\N{lrrrrr}{C$^0$}&&\NZ{rrrrrr}{IP}\adjustB\End
+&&&&&\NNo5{mlrrrrr}&\N{lrrrrrr}{DP}&&\NZ{rrrrrrr}{V}\adjustA\End
+&&&&&&\NNo6{mlrrrrrr}&\N{lrrrrrrr}{PP}&\hspace{\wd1}\NZ{rrrrrrrr}{V}\End
+&&&&&&&\NNo7{mlrrrrrrr}&\NodeTZNo8{mrrrrrrrr}
+\end{treetab}
+
+We first define a number of shortcuts which will keep the table 
+managable:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\let\N=\Node
+\let\NZ=\NodeZ
+\let\NNo=\NodeNo
+\let\NTNo=\NodeTNo
+\let\MNW=\MinNodeWidth
+\newcommand{\adjustA}{\hspace*{.75\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustB}{\hspace*{.625\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustC}{\hspace*{.5625\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustD}{\hspace*{.53125\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\adjustE}{\hspace*{.515625\MNW}}
+\newcommand{\End}{\\[4ex]}
+\newcommand{\trivtab}[2]{\hbox{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}#1\\
+               #2\end{tabular}}}
+\newcommand{\twotab}[2]{\hbox{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}ll@{}}#1\\
+               #2\end{tabular}}}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+Next we put all leaves into boxes:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tabcolsep2pt
+\setbox0=\twotab{mit & wem$_i$}{with & who}
+\setbox1=\trivtab{glaubst}{think}
+\setbox2=\trivtab{du}{you}
+\setbox3=\hbox{t$_j$}
+\setbox4=\hbox{t$_i$}
+\setbox5=\trivtab{dass}{that}
+\setbox6=\trivtab{Maria}{Maria} 
+\setbox7=\hbox{t$_i$}
+\setbox8=\twotab{gesprochen & hat}{spoken & has}
+\end{verbatim}
+And finially we specify the minimal node width and construct the table:
+\begin{small}\begin{verbatim}
+\NodeWidthNo1
+\begin{treetab}{*9{c}}
+&\N{}{CP}\End
+\N{l}{Spec}&&\N{r}{C$'$}\End 
+\NTNo0{ml}&\N{lr}{C$^0$}&&\N{rr}{IP}\End
+&\NNo1[6]{mlr}&\N{lrr}{DP}&&\NZ{rrr}{V}\adjustE\End
+&&\NNo2{mlrr}&\N{lrrr}{V}&&\NZ{rrrr}{CP}\adjustD\End
+&&&\NNo3{mlrrr}&\N{lrrrr}{Spec}&&\NZ{rrrrr}{C$'$}\adjustC\End
+&&&&\NNo4{mlrrrr}&\N{lrrrrr}{C$^0$}&&\NZ{rrrrrr}{IP}\adjustB\End
+&&&&&\NNo5{mlrrrrr}&\N{lrrrrrr}{DP}&&\NZ{rrrrrrr}{V}\adjustA\End
+&&&&&&\NNo6{mlrrrrrr}&\N{lrrrrrrr}{PP}&\hspace{\wd1}\NZ{rrrrrrrr}{V}\End
+&&&&&&&\NNo7{mlrrrrrrr}&\NodeTZNo8{mrrrrrrrr}
+\end{treetab}
+\end{verbatim}\end{small}
+
+Note that box0 is wider than box1, therefore the root should not be in 
+the middle of box1 but should appear 
+exactly in the middle between box0 and box2. We therefore have to 
+replace the first line of the table by 
+\begin{verbatim}
+\rlap{\hspace*{.25\wd0}\adjustA\makebox[0pt]{\N{}{CP}}}\End 
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+Here is another real life example from  phonology: 
+
+\setbox1=\hbox{mn}
+\NodeWidthNo1
+\begin{treetab}[t]{*4c}
+\nodeZ{l}{$\sigma$}&&\nodeZ{r}{$\sigma$}\End
+\Node{ll}{V}&\Node{rl}{C}\nodeZ{xx}{=}&\Node{gr}{C}&\Node{lr}{V}\End
+\Node{mll}{e}&\NodeZ{mrl}{b}&&\Node{mlr}{e}
+\end{treetab}
+\nodeconnect{gr}{mrl}
+     
+The main point to be observed is that the first line cannot contain 
+\verb|\Node|'s (but must contain \verb|\node|'s), otherwise the macro 
+will complain that it cannot find the root of a tree: 
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+	\setbox1=\hbox{mn}
+\NodeWidthNo1
+\begin{treetab}[t]{*4c}
+\nodeZ{l}{$\sigma$}&&\nodeZ{r}{$\sigma$}\End
+\Node{ll}{V}&\Node{rl}{C}\nodeZ{xx}{=}&\Node{gr}{C}&\Node{lr}{V}\End
+\Node{mll}{e}&\NodeZ{mrl}{b}&&\Node{mlr}{e}
+\end{treetab}
+\nodeconnect{gr}{mrl}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+One final warning: It seems to me that \TeX\ internally uses certain 
+boxes to construct its tables.  This means that the width of a box 
+might have changed by \TeX\ internally to zero before you come to the 
+point where you want to use the lenght prespecified by \verb|\setbox|.  It 
+might therefore be necessary to store this lenght as soon as possible; 
+e.g.  by saying \verb|\NodeWidthNo{n}| immediately after having defined 
+\verb|\setboxn|.
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file