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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2010-07-14 16:33:09 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2010-07-14 16:33:09 +0000
commit26fdacbc0d1cddffe387bb382f35672e1ee5d446 (patch)
tree41b6a133425a7bdaf73671adff12ff7e0ce04464 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
parent8e104c87c3953860c1c4a558c5e6576083648dcb (diff)
latex2e-help-texinfo jul10 (12jul10)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@19442 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml1026
1 files changed, 688 insertions, 338 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
index 14221cde150..6ca9b0e9b2a 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
@@ -2,19 +2,24 @@
<!DOCTYPE texinfo PUBLIC "-//GNU//DTD TexinfoML V4.13//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/dtd/4.13/texinfo.dtd">
<texinfo xml:lang="en">
<setfilename>latex2e.xml</setfilename>
- <setvalue name="UPDATED">September 2009</setvalue>
- <settitle>&latex;2e reference manual (September 2009)</settitle>
+ <setvalue name="UPDATED">July 2010</setvalue>
+ <settitle>&latex;2e reference manual (July 2010)</settitle>
<!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) -->
+<!-- xx latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, -->
+<!-- xx but latex2e stuff is missing. -->
+<!-- xx mention \mathring -->
+<!-- xx mention usrguide -->
+<!-- xx mention ! float placement, p.15 of usrguide -->
<!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ -->
-<!-- xx check http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latexcheat -->
-<!-- xx latex 2.09 should be complete, but latex2e stuff is missing. -->
<!-- xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel -->
<!-- xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. -->
<!-- xx define additional commands, and some of the kernel commands are -->
<!-- xx internal and so shouldn't be included here. -->
- <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of September 2009.</para>
+<!-- xx packages - required, additional, useful; oberdiek ... -->
+<!-- xx fonts - latexsys -->
+ <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version of July 2010.</para>
<para>This was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George&#xa0;D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The &latex;&#xa0;2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The &latex;2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using <cite>Hypertext Help with &latex;</cite>, by Sheldon Green, and the <cite>&latex; Command Summary</cite> (for &latex; 2.09) by L.&#xa0;Botway and C.&#xa0;Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as <cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied).</para>
- <para>Copyright &copyright; 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.</para>
+ <para>Copyright &copyright; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.</para>
@@ -22,11 +27,11 @@
<titlepage>
<booktitle>&amp;latex;: Structured documents for &amp;tex;</booktitle>
<booksubtitle>unofficial &amp;latex; reference manual</booksubtitle>
- <booksubtitle>September 2009</booksubtitle>
+ <booksubtitle>July 2010</booksubtitle>
<author></author>
- <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of September 2009.</para>
+ <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version of July 2010.</para>
<para>This was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George&#xa0;D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The &latex;&#xa0;2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The &latex;2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using <cite>Hypertext Help with &latex;</cite>, by Sheldon Green, and the <cite>&latex; Command Summary</cite> (for &latex; 2.09) by L.&#xa0;Botway and C.&#xa0;Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as <cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied).</para>
- <para>Copyright &copyright; 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.</para>
+ <para>Copyright &copyright; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright &copyright; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.</para>
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@
<nodeup>(dir)</nodeup>
<unnumbered>
<title>&latex;2e</title>
- <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years.</para>
+ <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years.</para>
<para><indexterm index="cp">Knuth, Donald E.</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Lamport, Leslie</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">&latex; Project team</indexterm>&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald&#xa0;E. Knuth's &tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers (<uref><urefurl>http://latex-project.org</urefurl></uref>). The official documentation written by the &latex; project is available there. Again, the present document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the &latex; maintainers.</para>
<menu>
<menuentry>
@@ -128,8 +133,8 @@
<menucomment>Paragraph, Math or LR modes.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>Page Styles</menunode>
- <menutitle>Page Styles</menutitle>
+ <menunode>Page styles</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Page styles</menutitle>
<menucomment>Various styles of page layout.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
@@ -163,13 +168,13 @@
<menucomment>The letter class.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>Terminal Input/Output</menunode>
- <menutitle>Terminal Input/Output</menutitle>
+ <menunode>Terminal input/output</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Terminal input/output</menutitle>
<menucomment>User interaction.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>Command Line</menunode>
- <menutitle>Command Line</menutitle>
+ <menunode>Command line</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Command line</menutitle>
<menucomment>System-independent command-line behavior.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
@@ -178,15 +183,15 @@
<menucomment>Starter templates for various document classes.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>Command Index</menunode>
- <menutitle>Command Index</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Alphabetical list of &latex; commands.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
<menunode>Concept Index</menunode>
<menutitle>Concept Index</menutitle>
<menucomment>General index.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>Command Index</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Command Index</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Alphabetical list of &latex; commands.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
</menu>
</unnumbered>
</node>
@@ -731,13 +736,15 @@
<tableterm><code>\fontsize{size}{skip}</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\fontsize</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\baselineskip</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Set font size. The first parameter is the font size to switch to and the second is the line spacing to use; this is stored in a parameter named <code>\baselineskip</code>. The unit of both parameters defaults to pt. The default <code>\baselineskip</code> for the Computer Modern typeface is 1.2 times the <code>\fontsize</code>.</para>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\baselinestretch</indexterm><indexterm index="cp"><code>setspace</code> package</indexterm>The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the <code>\baselinestretch</code> parameter when the type size changes; the default is 1. However, the best way to &ldquo;double space&rdquo; a document, if you should be unlucky enough to have to produce such, is to use the <code>setspace</code> package; see <uref><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace</urefurl></uref>.</para>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\baselinestretch</indexterm><indexterm index="cp"><code>setspace</code> package</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double spacing</indexterm>The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the <code>\baselinestretch</code> parameter when the type size changes; the default is 1. However, the best way to &ldquo;double space&rdquo; a document, if you should be unlucky enough to have to produce such, is to use the <code>setspace</code> package; see <uref><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace</urefurl></uref>.</para>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\linespread</indexterm></para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\selectfont</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\selectfont</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\linespread{<var>factor</var>}</code></tableterm>
<item>
- <para>The changes made by calling the four font commands described above do not come into effect until <code>\selectfont</code> is called.</para>
+ <para>Equivalent to <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<var>factor</var>}</code>, and therefore must be followed by <code>\selectfont</code> to have any effect. Best specified in the preamble, or use the <code>setspace</code> package, as described just above.</para>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\selectfont</indexterm>The changes made by calling the font commands described above do not come into effect until <code>\selectfont</code> is called.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
@@ -978,6 +985,9 @@
&dots;
\appendix
\chapter{The First Appendix}</example>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">section numbers, printing</indexterm>The <code>secnumdepth</code> counter controls printing of section numbers. The setting</para>
+ <example xml:space="preserve">\setcounter{secnumdepth}{<var>level</var>}</example>
+ <para role="continues">suppresses heading numbers at any depth <math>&gt; <var>level</var></math>, where <code>chapter</code> is level zero. (See <xref><xrefnodename>\setcounter</xrefnodename></xref>.)</para>
</chapter>
</node>
<node>
@@ -2329,7 +2339,7 @@ column 1 entry &amp; column 2 entry ... &amp; column n entry \\
<tableitem>
<tableterm><code>@{<var>text</var>}</code></tableterm>
<item>
- <para>This inserts <var>text</var> in every row. An @-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in text. An <code>\extracolsep{wd}</code> command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width <code>wd</code> to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another <code>\extracolsep</code> command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression. An <code>\extracolsep</code> command can be used only in an @-expression in the <code>cols</code> argument.</para>
+ <para>This inserts <var>text</var> in every row. An @-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in <var>text</var>. An <code>\extracolsep{wd}</code> command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width <code>wd</code> to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another <code>\extracolsep</code> command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression. An <code>\extracolsep</code> command can be used only in an @-expression in the <code>cols</code> argument.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
@@ -2657,6 +2667,241 @@ column 1 entry &amp; column 2 entry ... &amp; column n entry \\
</section>
</node>
<node>
+ <nodename>Line breaking</nodename>
+ <nodenext>Page breaking</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>Environments</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Top</nodeup>
+ <chapter>
+ <title>Line breaking</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">line breaking</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">breaking lines</indexterm> The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines (and these lines must be broken into pages).</para>
+ <para>&latex; usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the <code>\\</code> command, and you can always manually force breaks.</para>
+ <menu>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\\</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\\</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Start a new line.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Make each input line start a new output line.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\newline</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\newline</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Break the line</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\- (hyphenation)</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\- (hyphenation)</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Insert explicit hyphenation.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\fussy</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\fussy</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Be fussy about line breaking.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\sloppy</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\sloppy</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Be sloppy about line breaking.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\hyphenation</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\hyphenation</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Tell &latex; how to hyphenate a word.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Forcing &amp; avoiding line breaks.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ </menu>
+ </chapter>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\\</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</nodenext>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new line, starting</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">line break, forcing</indexterm> The <code>\\</code> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an optional argument, <var>morespace</var>, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to be inserted before the next line. This can be a negative amount.</para>
+ <para>The <code>\\*</code> command is the same as the ordinary <code>\\</code> command except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\newline</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\\</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\obeycr</code> &amp; <code>\restorecr</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\obeycr</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\restorecr</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new line, output as input</indexterm> The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (<samp>^^M</samp>, internally) the same as <code>\\</code> (followed by <code>\relax</code>). So each new line in the input will also be a new line in the output.</para>
+ <para><code>\restorecr</code> restores normal line-breaking behavior.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\newline</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\- (hyphenation)</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\newline</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\newline</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm> The <code>\newline</code> command breaks the line at the present point, with no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph mode.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\- (hyphenation)</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\fussy</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\newline</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm> The <code>\-</code> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at that point. &latex; is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an incorrect one. The <code>\-</code> command is used for the exceptional cases.</para>
+ <para>When you insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that &latex; might otherwise have chosen.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\fussy</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\sloppy</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\fussy</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\fussy</indexterm> The declaration <code>\fussy</code> (which is the default) makes &tex; picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.</para>
+ <para>This command cancels the effect of a previous <code>\sloppy</code> command (see <xref><xrefnodename>\sloppy</xrefnodename></xref>.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\sloppy</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\hyphenation</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\fussy</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\sloppy</code></title>
+ <para>The declaration <code>\sloppy</code> makes &tex; less fussy about line breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.</para>
+ <para>Lasts until a <code>\fussy</code> command is issued (see <xref><xrefnodename>\fussy</xrefnodename></xref>).</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\hyphenation</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\sloppy</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\hyphenation</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\hyphenation</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, defining</indexterm> Synopsis:</para>
+ <example xml:space="preserve">\hyphenation{<var>word-one</var> <var>word-two</var>}</example>
+ <para>The <code>\hyphenation</code> command declares allowed hyphenation points with a <code>-</code> character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces. &tex; will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are tried. Multiple <code>\hyphenation</code> commands accumulate. Some examples (the default &tex; hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these words):</para>
+ <example xml:space="preserve">\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}</example>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</nodename>
+ <nodeprev>\hyphenation</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\linebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nolinebreak</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\linebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\nolinebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">line breaks, forcing</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">line breaks, preventing</indexterm> Synopses:</para>
+ <example xml:space="preserve">\linebreak[<var>priority</var>]
+\nolinebreak[<var>priority</var>]</example>
+ <para>By default, the <code>\linebreak</code> (<code>\nolinebreak</code>) command forces (prevents) a line break at the current position. For <code>\linebreak</code>, the spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right margin as usual.</para>
+ <para>With the optional argument <var>priority</var>, you can convert the command from a demand to a request. The <var>priority</var> must be a number from 0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>Page breaking</nodename>
+ <nodenext>Footnotes</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>Line breaking</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Top</nodeup>
+ <chapter>
+ <title>Page breaking</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">page breaking</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">breaking pages</indexterm> &latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.</para>
+ <menu>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\cleardoublepage</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\cleardoublepage</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Start a new right-hand page.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\clearpage</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\clearpage</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Start a new page.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\newpage</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\newpage</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Start a new page.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\enlargethispage</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\enlargethispage</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Enlarge the current page a bit.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
+ <menunode>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Forcing &amp; avoiding page breaks.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ </menu>
+ </chapter>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\cleardoublepage</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\clearpage</nodenext>
+ <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\cleardoublepage</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\cleardoublepage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm> The <code>\cleardoublepage</code> command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand (odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\clearpage</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\newpage</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\cleardoublepage</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\clearpage</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\clearpage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm> The <code>\clearpage</code> command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\newpage</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\enlargethispage</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\clearpage</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\newpage</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\newpage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new page, starting</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">starting a new page</indexterm> The <code>\newpage</code> command ends the current page, but does not clear floats (see <code>\clearpage</code> above).</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\enlargethispage</nodename>
+ <nodenext>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\newpage</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\enlargethispage</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\enlargethispage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">enlarge current page</indexterm> <code>\enlargethispage{size}</code></para>
+ <para><code>\enlargethispage*{size}</code></para>
+ <para>Enlarge the <code>\textheight</code> for the current page by the specified amount; e.g. <code>\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}</code> will allow one additional line.</para>
+ <para>The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit <code>\pagebreak</code>.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</nodename>
+ <nodeprev>\enlargethispage</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
+ <section>
+ <title><code>\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nopagebreak</code></title>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\pagebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\nopagebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">page break, forcing</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">page break, preventing</indexterm> Synopses:</para>
+ <example xml:space="preserve">\pagebreak[<var>priority</var>]
+\nopagebreak[<var>priority</var>]</example>
+ <para>By default, the <code>\pagebreak</code> (<code>\nopagebreak</code>) command forces (prevents) a page break at the current position. For <code>\linebreak</code>, the vertical space on the page is stretched out where possible so that it extends to the normal bottom margin.</para>
+ <para>With the optional argument <var>priority</var>, you can convert the <code>\pagebreak</code> command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
<nodename>Footnotes</nodename>
<nodenext>Definitions</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Page breaking</nodeprev>
@@ -2681,6 +2926,11 @@ column 1 entry &amp; column 2 entry ... &amp; column n entry \\
<menucomment>Insert footnote text only.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
+ <menunode>Symbolic footnotes</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Symbolic footnotes</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Using symbols instead of numbers for footnotes.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
<menunode>Footnote parameters</menunode>
<menutitle>Footnote parameters</menutitle>
<menucomment>Parameters for footnote formatting.</menucomment>
@@ -2711,12 +2961,12 @@ column 1 entry &amp; column 2 entry ... &amp; column n entry \\
<para><indexterm index="fn">\footnotemark</indexterm> With no optional argument, the <code>\footnotemark</code> command puts the current footnote number in the text. This command can be used in inner paragraph mode. You give the text of the footnote separately, with the <code>\footnotetext</code> command.</para>
<para>This command can be used to produce several consecutive footnote markers referring to the same footnote with</para>
<example xml:space="preserve">\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]</example>
- <para>after the first <code>\footnote</code> command.</para>
+ <para role="continues">after the first <code>\footnote</code> command.</para>
</section>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>\footnotetext</nodename>
- <nodenext>Footnote parameters</nodenext>
+ <nodenext>Symbolic footnotes</nodenext>
<nodeprev>\footnotemark</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Footnotes</nodeup>
<section>
@@ -2728,12 +2978,24 @@ column 1 entry &amp; column 2 entry ... &amp; column n entry \\
</section>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Footnote parameters</nodename>
+ <nodename>Symbolic footnotes</nodename>
+ <nodenext>Footnote parameters</nodenext>
<nodeprev>\footnotetext</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Footnotes</nodeup>
<section>
+ <title>Symbolic footnotes</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</indexterm>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing numbers, redefine <code>\thefootnote</code> like this:</para>
+ <example xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}</example>
+ <para><indexterm index="fn">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\@fnsymbol</indexterm>The <code>\fnsymbol</code> command produces a predefined series of symbols (see <xref><xrefnodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</xrefnodename></xref>). If you want to use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you'll need to also redefine <code>\@fnsymbol</code>.</para>
+ </section>
+ </node>
+ <node>
+ <nodename>Footnote parameters</nodename>
+ <nodeprev>Symbolic footnotes</nodeprev>
+ <nodeup>Footnotes</nodeup>
+ <section>
<title>Footnote parameters</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">footnote parameters</indexterm></para>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">footnote parameters</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></para>
<table>
<tableitem>
<tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\footnoterule</indexterm><code>\footnoterule</code></tableterm>
@@ -3285,241 +3547,6 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</section>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Line breaking</nodename>
- <nodenext>Page breaking</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Environments</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Top</nodeup>
- <chapter>
- <title>Line breaking</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">line breaking</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">breaking lines</indexterm> The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines (and these lines must be broken into pages).</para>
- <para>&latex; usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the <code>\\</code> command, and you can always manually force breaks.</para>
- <menu>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\\</menunode>
- <menutitle>\\</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Start a new line.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</menunode>
- <menutitle>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Make each input line start a new output line.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\newline</menunode>
- <menutitle>\newline</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Break the line</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\- (hyphenation)</menunode>
- <menutitle>\- (hyphenation)</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Insert explicit hyphenation.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\fussy</menunode>
- <menutitle>\fussy</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Be fussy about line breaking.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\hyphenation</menunode>
- <menutitle>\hyphenation</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Tell &latex; how to hyphenate a word.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</menunode>
- <menutitle>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Forcing &amp; avoiding line breaks.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\sloppy</menunode>
- <menutitle>\sloppy</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Be sloppy about line breaking.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- </menu>
- </chapter>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\\</nodename>
- <nodenext>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</nodenext>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new line, starting</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">line break, forcing</indexterm> The <code>\\</code> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an optional argument, <var>morespace</var>, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to be inserted before the next line. This can be a negative amount.</para>
- <para>The <code>\\*</code> command is the same as the ordinary <code>\\</code> command except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</nodename>
- <nodenext>\newline</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\\</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\obeycr</code> &amp; <code>\restorecr</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\obeycr</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\restorecr</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new line, output as input</indexterm> The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (<samp>^^M</samp>, internally) the same as <code>\\</code> (followed by <code>\relax</code>). So each new line in the input will also be a new line in the output.</para>
- <para><code>\restorecr</code> restores normal line-breaking behavior.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\newline</nodename>
- <nodenext>\- (hyphenation)</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\newline</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\newline</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm> The <code>\newline</code> command breaks the line at the present point, with no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph mode.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\- (hyphenation)</nodename>
- <nodenext>\fussy</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\newline</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm> The <code>\-</code> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at that point. &latex; is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an incorrect one. The <code>\-</code> command is used for the exceptional cases.</para>
- <para>When you insert <code>\-</code> commands in a word, the word will only be hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that &latex; might otherwise have chosen.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\fussy</nodename>
- <nodenext>\hyphenation</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\fussy</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\fussy</indexterm> The declaration <code>\fussy</code> (which is the default) makes &tex; picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.</para>
- <para>This command cancels the effect of a previous <code>\sloppy</code> command (see <xref><xrefnodename>\sloppy</xrefnodename></xref>.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\sloppy</nodename>
- <nodeprev>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\sloppy</code></title>
- <para>The declaration <code>\sloppy</code> makes &tex; less fussy about line breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.</para>
- <para>Lasts until a <code>\fussy</code> command is issued (see <xref><xrefnodename>\fussy</xrefnodename></xref>).</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\hyphenation</nodename>
- <nodenext>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\fussy</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\hyphenation</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\hyphenation</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, defining</indexterm> Synopsis:</para>
- <example xml:space="preserve">\hyphenation{<var>word-one</var> <var>word-two</var>}</example>
- <para>The <code>\hyphenation</code> command declares allowed hyphenation points with a <code>-</code> character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces. &tex; will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are tried. Multiple <code>\hyphenation</code> commands accumulate. Some examples (the default &tex; hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these words):</para>
- <example xml:space="preserve">\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}</example>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</nodename>
- <nodenext>\sloppy</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\hyphenation</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Line breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\linebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nolinebreak</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\linebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\nolinebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">line breaks, forcing</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">line breaks, preventing</indexterm> Synopses:</para>
- <example xml:space="preserve">\linebreak[<var>priority</var>]
-\nolinebreak[<var>priority</var>]</example>
- <para>By default, the <code>\linebreak</code> (<code>\nolinebreak</code>) command forces (prevents) a line break at the current position. For <code>\linebreak</code>, the spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right margin as usual.</para>
- <para>With the optional argument <var>priority</var>, you can convert the command from a demand to a request. The <var>priority</var> must be a number from 0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>Page breaking</nodename>
- <nodenext>Footnotes</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Line breaking</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Top</nodeup>
- <chapter>
- <title>Page breaking</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">page breaking</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">breaking pages</indexterm> &latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.</para>
- <menu>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\cleardoublepage</menunode>
- <menutitle>\cleardoublepage</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Start a new right-hand page.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\clearpage</menunode>
- <menutitle>\clearpage</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Start a new page.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\newpage</menunode>
- <menutitle>\newpage</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Start a new page.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\enlargethispage</menunode>
- <menutitle>\enlargethispage</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Enlarge the current page a bit.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
- <menunode>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</menunode>
- <menutitle>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Forcing &amp; avoiding page breaks.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- </menu>
- </chapter>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\cleardoublepage</nodename>
- <nodenext>\clearpage</nodenext>
- <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\cleardoublepage</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\cleardoublepage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm> The <code>\cleardoublepage</code> command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand (odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\clearpage</nodename>
- <nodenext>\newpage</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\cleardoublepage</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\clearpage</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\clearpage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm> The <code>\clearpage</code> command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\newpage</nodename>
- <nodenext>\enlargethispage</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\clearpage</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\newpage</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\newpage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">new page, starting</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">starting a new page</indexterm> The <code>\newpage</code> command ends the current page, but does not clear floats (see <code>\clearpage</code> above).</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\enlargethispage</nodename>
- <nodenext>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\newpage</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\enlargethispage</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\enlargethispage</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">enlarge current page</indexterm> <code>\enlargethispage{size}</code></para>
- <para><code>\enlargethispage*{size}</code></para>
- <para>Enlarge the <code>\textheight</code> for the current page by the specified amount; e.g. <code>\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}</code> will allow one additional line.</para>
- <para>The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit <code>\pagebreak</code>.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
- <nodename>\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</nodename>
- <nodeprev>\enlargethispage</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page breaking</nodeup>
- <section>
- <title><code>\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code>\nopagebreak</code></title>
- <para><indexterm index="fn">\pagebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\nopagebreak</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">page break, forcing</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">page break, preventing</indexterm> Synopses:</para>
- <example xml:space="preserve">\pagebreak[<var>priority</var>]
-\nopagebreak[<var>priority</var>]</example>
- <para>By default, the <code>\pagebreak</code> (<code>\nopagebreak</code>) command forces (prevents) a page break at the current position. For <code>\linebreak</code>, the vertical space on the page is stretched out where possible so that it extends to the normal bottom margin.</para>
- <para>With the optional argument <var>priority</var>, you can convert the <code>\pagebreak</code> command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.</para>
- </section>
- </node>
- <node>
<nodename>Making paragraphs</nodename>
<nodenext>Math formulas</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Lengths</nodeprev>
@@ -3669,8 +3696,8 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<!-- xx see also \cal, \mathcal -->
<menu>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>Subscripts &amp; Superscripts</menunode>
- <menutitle>Subscripts &amp; Superscripts</menutitle>
+ <menunode>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</menutitle>
<menucomment>Also known as exponent or index.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
@@ -3694,26 +3721,26 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<menucomment>Thick, medium, thin and negative spaces.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>Math Miscellany</menunode>
- <menutitle>Math Miscellany</menutitle>
+ <menunode>Math miscellany</menunode>
+ <menutitle>Math miscellany</menutitle>
<menucomment>Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
</menu>
</chapter>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Subscripts &amp; Superscripts</nodename>
+ <nodename>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</nodename>
<nodenext>Math symbols</nodenext>
<nodeup>Math formulas</nodeup>
<section>
- <title>Subscripts &amp; Superscripts</title>
+ <title>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</title>
<para><indexterm index="cp">superscript</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">subscript</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">exponent</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">_</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">^</indexterm> To get an expression <i>exp</i> to appear as a subscript, you just type <code>_{</code><i>exp</i><code>}</code>. To get <i>exp</i> to appear as a superscript, you type <code>^{</code><i>exp</i><code>}</code>. &latex; handles superscripted superscripts and all of that stuff in the natural way. It even does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a superscript.</para>
</section>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Math symbols</nodename>
<nodenext>Math functions</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Subscripts &amp; Superscripts</nodeprev>
+ <nodeprev>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Math formulas</nodeup>
<section>
<title>Math symbols</title>
@@ -5305,7 +5332,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename>
- <nodenext>Math Miscellany</nodenext>
+ <nodenext>Math miscellany</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Math accents</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Math formulas</nodeup>
<section>
@@ -5341,12 +5368,12 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</section>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Math Miscellany</nodename>
+ <nodename>Math miscellany</nodename>
<nodeprev>Spacing in math mode</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Math formulas</nodeup>
<section>
- <title>Math Miscellany</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">math Miscellany</indexterm></para>
+ <title>Math miscellany</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">math miscellany</indexterm></para>
<table>
<tableitem>
<tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\*</indexterm><code>\*</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">discretionary multiplication</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</indexterm>
@@ -5411,7 +5438,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<tableitem>
<tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\underline{text}</indexterm><code>\underline{text}</code></tableterm>
<item>
- <para>Causes <var>text</var>, which may be either math mode or not, to be underlined.</para>
+ <para>Causes <var>text</var>, which may be either math mode or not, to be underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of descenders.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
@@ -5425,7 +5452,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Modes</nodename>
- <nodenext>Page Styles</nodenext>
+ <nodenext>Page styles</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Math formulas</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<chapter>
@@ -5450,12 +5477,12 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</chapter>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Page Styles</nodename>
+ <nodename>Page styles</nodename>
<nodenext>Spaces</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Modes</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<chapter>
- <title>Page Styles</title>
+ <title>Page styles</title>
<para><indexterm index="cp">styles, page</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">page styles</indexterm> The <code>\documentclass</code> command determines the size and position of the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.</para>
<menu>
<menuentry>
@@ -5484,7 +5511,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>\maketitle</nodename>
<nodenext>\pagenumbering</nodenext>
- <nodeup>Page Styles</nodeup>
+ <nodeup>Page styles</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\maketitle</code></title>
<para><indexterm index="cp">titles, making</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\maketitle</indexterm> The <code>\maketitle</code> command generates a title on a separate title page&mdash;except in the <code>article</code> class, where the title is placed at the top of the first page. Information used to produce the title is obtained from the following declarations:</para>
@@ -5520,7 +5547,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<nodename>\pagenumbering</nodename>
<nodenext>\pagestyle</nodenext>
<nodeprev>\maketitle</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page Styles</nodeup>
+ <nodeup>Page styles</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\pagenumbering</code></title>
<para><indexterm index="fn">\pagenumbering</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">page numbering style</indexterm> Synopsis:</para>
@@ -5564,7 +5591,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<nodename>\pagestyle</nodename>
<nodenext>\thispagestyle</nodenext>
<nodeprev>\pagenumbering</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page Styles</nodeup>
+ <nodeup>Page styles</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\pagestyle</code></title>
<para><indexterm index="fn">\pagestyle</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">header style</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">footer style</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">running header and footer style</indexterm> Synopsis:</para>
@@ -5616,7 +5643,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>\thispagestyle</nodename>
<nodeprev>\pagestyle</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Page Styles</nodeup>
+ <nodeup>Page styles</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></title>
<para><indexterm index="fn">\thispagestyle</indexterm> The <code>\thispagestyle</code> command works in the same manner as the <code>\pagestyle</code> command (see previous section) except that it changes to <var>style</var> for the current page only.</para>
@@ -5625,7 +5652,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>Spaces</nodename>
<nodenext>Boxes</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Page Styles</nodeprev>
+ <nodeprev>Page styles</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<chapter>
<title>Spaces</title>
@@ -5639,6 +5666,11 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<menucomment>Fixed horizontal space.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
+ <menunode>\hfill</menunode>
+ <menutitle>\hfill</menutitle>
+ <menucomment>Stretchable horizontal space.</menucomment>
+ </menuentry>
+ <menuentry>
<menunode>\SPACE</menunode>
<menutitle>\SPACE</menutitle>
<menucomment>Normal interword space.</menucomment>
@@ -5659,11 +5691,6 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<menucomment>Per-character italic correction.</menucomment>
</menuentry>
<menuentry>
- <menunode>\hfill</menunode>
- <menutitle>\hfill</menutitle>
- <menucomment>Stretchable horizontal space.</menucomment>
- </menuentry>
- <menuentry>
<menunode>\hrulefill</menunode>
<menutitle>\hrulefill</menutitle>
<menucomment>Stretchable horizontal rule.</menucomment>
@@ -5699,7 +5726,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>\hspace</nodename>
- <nodenext>\SPACE</nodenext>
+ <nodenext>\hfill</nodenext>
<nodeup>Spaces</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\hspace</code></title>
@@ -5711,8 +5738,8 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>\hfill</nodename>
- <nodenext>\hrulefill</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\/</nodeprev>
+ <nodenext>\SPACE</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>\hspace</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Spaces</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\hfill</code></title>
@@ -5723,7 +5750,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>\SPACE</nodename>
<nodenext>\AT</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\hspace</nodeprev>
+ <nodeprev>\hfill</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Spaces</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\SPACE</code></title>
@@ -5760,7 +5787,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>\/</nodename>
- <nodenext>\hfill</nodenext>
+ <nodenext>\hrulefill</nodenext>
<nodeprev>\thinspace</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Spaces</nodeup>
<section>
@@ -5773,7 +5800,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>\hrulefill</nodename>
<nodenext>\dotfill</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>\hfill</nodeprev>
+ <nodeprev>\/</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Spaces</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\hrulefill</code></title>
@@ -6156,10 +6183,11 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<nodeup>Special insertions</nodeup>
<section>
<title>Text symbols</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">text symbols</indexterm>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in running text.</para>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">text symbols</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">textcomp <r>package</r></indexterm>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are not available in OT1; you may need to load the <code>textcomp</code> package.</para>
<table>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\copyright</indexterm><code>\copyright</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">copyright symbol</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\copyright</indexterm><code>\copyright</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textcopyright</indexterm><code>\textcopyright</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">copyright symbol</indexterm>
<item>
<para>The copyright symbol, &copyright;.</para>
</item>
@@ -6183,9 +6211,20 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\ldots</indexterm><code>\ldots</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">ellipsis</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\guillemotleft <r>(&laquo;)</r></indexterm><code>\guillemotleft <r>(&laquo;)</r></code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\guillemotright <r>(&raquo;)</r></indexterm><code>\guillemotright <r>(&raquo;)</r></code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\guilsinglleft <r>(&lsaquo;)</r></indexterm><code>\guilsinglleft <r>(&lsaquo;)</r></code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\guilsinglright <r>(&rsaquo;)</r></indexterm><code>\guilsinglright <r>(&rsaquo;)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">double guillemets</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">single guillemets</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">left angle quotation marks</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">right angle quotation marks</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double angle quotation marks</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">single angle quotation marks</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">French quotation marks</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">quotation marks, French</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French: &laquo;, &raquo;, &lsaquo;, &rsaquo;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\ldots</indexterm><code>\ldots</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\dots</indexterm><code>\dots</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textellipsis</indexterm><code>\textellipsis</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">ellipsis</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `&dots;'. This command also works in math mode.</para>
+ <para>An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `&dots;'. <code>\ldots</code> and <code>\dots</code> also work in math mode.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
@@ -6195,15 +6234,24 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\P</indexterm><code>\P</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">paragraph sign</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">pilcrow</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\P</indexterm><code>\P</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textparagraph</indexterm><code>\textparagraph</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">paragraph symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">pilcrow</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Paragraph sign (pilcrow).</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\pounds</indexterm><code>\pounds</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">pounds symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">sterling symbol</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\pounds</indexterm><code>\pounds</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textsterling</indexterm><code>\textsterling</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">pounds symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">sterling symbol</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>English pounds sterling.</para>
+ <para>English pounds sterling: &pound;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\quotedblbase <r>(&bdquo;)</r></indexterm><code>\quotedblbase <r>(&bdquo;)</r></code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\quotesinglbase <r>(&sbquo;)</r></indexterm><code>\quotesinglbase <r>(&sbquo;)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Double and single quotation marks on the baseline: &bdquo; and &sbquo;.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
@@ -6224,6 +6272,238 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<para>The &tex; logo.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textasciicircum</indexterm><code>\textasciicircum</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>ASCII circumflex: ^.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textasciitilde</indexterm><code>\textasciitilde</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>ASCII tilde: ~.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm><code>\textasteriskcentered</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Centered asterisk: *.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbackslash</indexterm><code>\textbackslash</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">backslash, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Backslash: \.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbar</indexterm><code>\textbar</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">vertical bar, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Vertical bar: |.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbardbl</indexterm><code>\textbardbl</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Double vertical bar.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbigcircle</indexterm><code>\textbigcircle</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Big circle symbol.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbraceleft</indexterm><code>\textbraceleft</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">left brace, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">brace, left, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Left brace: {.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbraceright</indexterm><code>\textbraceright</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">right brace, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">brace, right, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Right brace: }.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textbullet</indexterm><code>\textbullet</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">bullet, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Bullet: &bullet;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm><code>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">circled letter, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para><var>letter</var> in a circle, as in &registered;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textcompwordmark</indexterm><code>\textcompwordmark</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textcapitalwordmark</indexterm><code>\textcapitalwordmark</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textascenderwordmark</indexterm><code>\textascenderwordmark</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">composite word mark, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">cap height</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ascender height</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Composite word mark (invisible). The <code>\textcapital...</code> form has the cap height of the font, while the <code>\textascender...</code> form has the ascender height.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textdagger</indexterm><code>\textdagger</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">dagger, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Dagger: <math>\dag</math>.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm><code>\textdaggerdbl</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">dagger, double, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double dagger, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Double dagger: <math>\ddag</math>.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textdollar <r>(or <code>$</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textdollar <r>(or <code>$</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">dollar sign</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">currency, dollar</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Dollar sign: $.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">em-dash</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Em-dash: &mdash; (for punctuation).</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">e-dash</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>En-dash: &mdash; (for ranges).</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\texteuro</indexterm><code>\texteuro</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">euro symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">currency, euro</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>The Euro symbol: &euro;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Upside down exclamation point: &iexcl;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textgreater</indexterm><code>\textgreater</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Greater than: &gt;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textless</indexterm><code>\textless</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">less than symbol, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Less than: &lt;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textleftarrow</indexterm><code>\textleftarrow</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">arrow, left, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">left arrow, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Left arrow.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textordfeminine</indexterm><code>\textordfeminine</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textordmasculine</indexterm><code>\textordmasculine</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: &ordf;, &ordm;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textordfeminine</indexterm><code>\textordfeminine</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Feminine ordinal symbol: &registered;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textperiodcentered</indexterm><code>\textperiodcentered</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">period, centered, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">centered period, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Centered period: <math>\cdot</math>.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">questionation point, upside-down</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Upside down questionation point: &iquest;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">left quote, double</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double left quote</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Double left quote: &ldquo;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">right quote, double</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double right quote</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Double right quote: &rdquo;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">left quote, single</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">single left quote</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Single left quote: `.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm><code>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">right quote, single</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">single right quote</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Single right quote: '.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm><code>\textquotestraightbase</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm><code>\textquotestraightdblbase</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">quote, straight base</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">straight quote, base</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">double quote, straight base</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">straight double quote, base</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textregistered</indexterm><code>\textregistered</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">registered symbol</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Registered symbol: &registered;.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textrightarrow</indexterm><code>\textrightarrow</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">arrow, right, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">right arrow, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Right arrow.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm><code>\textthreequartersemdash</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>&ldquo;Three-quarters&rdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\texttrademark</indexterm><code>\texttrademark</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">trademark symbol</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Trademark symbol: <math>^\hboxTM</math>.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\texttwelveudash</indexterm><code>\texttwelveudash</code></tableterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Xx 12u-.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textunderscore</indexterm><code>\textunderscore</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">underscore, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Underscore: _.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textvisiblespace</indexterm><code>\textvisiblespace</code></tableterm><indexterm index="cp">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Visible space symbol.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
</table>
</section>
</node>
@@ -6234,16 +6514,19 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<nodeup>Special insertions</nodeup>
<section>
<title>Accents</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">accents</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">characters, accented</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">letters, accented</indexterm> &latex; has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages, through the <code>babel</code> package and related support. This section does not attempt to cover all that support. It merely the core &latex; commands for creating accented characters.</para>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">accents</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">characters, accented</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">letters, accented</indexterm> &latex; has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages, through the <code>babel</code> package and related support. This section does not attempt to cover all that support. It merely lists the core &latex; commands for creating accented characters.</para>
+ <para>The <code>\capital...</code> commands produce alternative forms for use with capital letters. These are not available with OT1.</para>
<table>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\"</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">umlaut accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\"</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitaldieresis</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitaldieresis</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">umlaut accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">dieresis accent</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>Produces an umlaut, as in &ouml;.</para>
+ <para>Produces an umlaut (dieresis), as in &ouml;.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\'</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">acute accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\'</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalacute</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\' <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalacute</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">acute accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces an acute accent, as in &oacute;. In the <code>tabbing</code> environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column (see <xref><xrefnodename>tabbing</xrefnodename></xref>).</para>
</item>
@@ -6255,25 +6538,29 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\=</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">macron accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">overbar accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">bar-over accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\=</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalmacron</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalmacron</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">macron accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">overbar accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">bar-over accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o&macr;.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\^</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">circumflex accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hat accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\^</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalcircumflex</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">circumflex accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hat accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in &ocirc;.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\`</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">grave accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\`</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalgrave</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\` <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalgrave</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">grave accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a grave accent over the following, as in &ograve;. In the <code>tabbing</code> environment, move following text to the right margin (see <xref><xrefnodename>tabbing</xrefnodename></xref>).</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\~</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">tilde accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\~</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitaltilde</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitaltilde</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">tilde accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in &ntilde;.</para>
</item>
@@ -6285,20 +6572,22 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\c</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">cedilla accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\c</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalcedilla</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalcedilla</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">cedilla accent</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in
-<!-- {c}. --></para>
+ <para>Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in &ccedil;.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\d</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">dot-under accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\d</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitaldotaccent</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">dot-under accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a dot accent under the following, as in .o.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\H</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\H</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalhungarumlaut</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in o''.</para>
</item>
@@ -6316,21 +6605,46 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\t</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">tie-after accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\k</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalogonek</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalogonek</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ogonek</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Produces a letter with ogonek, as in `o'. Not available in the OT1 encoding.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\r</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalring</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalring</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ring accent</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Produces a ring accent, as in `o*'.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\t</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitaltie</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\newtie</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalnewtie</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitaltie</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\newtie</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalnewtie</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">tie-after accent</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>Produces a tie-after accent, as in `oo['.</para>
+ <para>Produces a tie-after accent, as in `oo['. The <code>\newtie</code> form is centered in its box.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\u</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">breve accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\u</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalbreve</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalbreve</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">breve accent</indexterm>
<item>
<para>Produces a breve accent, as in `o('.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\v</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hacek accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">check accent</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\underbar</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\underbar</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">underbar</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>Produces a h&aacute;c&lt;ek (check) accent, as in `o&lt;'.</para>
+ <para>Not exactly an accent, this produces a bar under the argument text. The argument is always processed in horizontal mode. The bar is always a fixed position under the baseline, thus crossing through descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <xref><xrefnodename>Math miscellany</xrefnodename></xref>.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\v</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\capitalcaron</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\capitalcaron</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">hacek accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">check accent</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">caron accent</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Produces a h&aacute;c&lt;ek (check, caron) accent, as in `o&lt;'.</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
</table>
@@ -6360,6 +6674,27 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\dh</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\DH</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\dh (&aelig;)</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\DH (&AElig;)</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Icelandic eth</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>Icelandic letter eth: and .</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\dj</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\DJ</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\dj</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\DJ</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>xxxx</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\ij</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\IJ</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\ij (ij)</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\IJ (IJ)</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
<tableterm><code>\l</code></tableterm>
<tableterm><code>\L</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\l (/l)</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\L (/L)</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">polish l</indexterm>
<item>
@@ -6367,6 +6702,13 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\ng</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\NG</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\ng</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\NG</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>xxxx</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
<tableterm><code>\o</code></tableterm>
<tableterm><code>\O</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\o (&oslash;)</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\O (&Oslash;)</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">oslash</indexterm>
<item>
@@ -6381,9 +6723,17 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</item>
</tableitem>
<tableitem>
- <tableterm><code>\ss</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\ss (&szlig;)</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">es-zet German letter</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">sharp S letters</indexterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\ss</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\SS</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\ss (&szlig;)</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\SS (SS)</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">es-zet German letter</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">sharp S letters</indexterm>
+ <item>
+ <para>&szlig; and SS.</para>
+ </item>
+ </tableitem>
+ <tableitem>
+ <tableterm><code>\th</code></tableterm>
+ <tableterm><code>\TH</code></tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\th ()</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\TH ()</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Icelandic thorn</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm>
<item>
- <para>&szlig;.</para>
+ <para>Icelandic letter thorn: and .</para>
</item>
</tableitem>
</table>
@@ -6653,7 +7003,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Letters</nodename>
- <nodenext>Terminal Input/Output</nodenext>
+ <nodenext>Terminal input/output</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Front/back matter</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<chapter>
@@ -6887,13 +7237,13 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</section>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Terminal Input/Output</nodename>
- <nodenext>Command Line</nodenext>
+ <nodename>Terminal input/output</nodename>
+ <nodenext>Command line</nodenext>
<nodeprev>Letters</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<chapter>
- <title>Terminal Input/Output</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">input/Output</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">terminal Input/Output</indexterm></para>
+ <title>Terminal input/output</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">input/output</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">terminal input/output</indexterm></para>
<menu>
<menuentry>
<menunode>\typein</menunode>
@@ -6911,7 +7261,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>\typein</nodename>
<nodenext>\typeout</nodenext>
- <nodeup>Terminal Input/Output</nodeup>
+ <nodeup>Terminal input/output</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></title>
<para><indexterm index="fn">\typein</indexterm> Synopsis:</para>
@@ -6922,7 +7272,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
<node>
<nodename>\typeout</nodename>
<nodeprev>\typein</nodeprev>
- <nodeup>Terminal Input/Output</nodeup>
+ <nodeup>Terminal input/output</nodeup>
<section>
<title><code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></title>
<para><indexterm index="fn">\typeout</indexterm> Synopsis:</para>
@@ -6932,13 +7282,13 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</section>
</node>
<node>
- <nodename>Command Line</nodename>
+ <nodename>Command line</nodename>
<nodenext>Document templates</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Terminal Input/Output</nodeprev>
+ <nodeprev>Terminal input/output</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<chapter>
- <title>Command Line</title>
- <para><indexterm index="cp">command Line</indexterm> The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; &tex; uses <file>.tex</file> as a default file extension. If you omit the input file entirely, &tex; accepts input from the terminal. You specify command options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g.</para>
+ <title>Command line</title>
+ <para><indexterm index="cp">command line</indexterm> The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; &tex; uses <file>.tex</file> as a default file extension. If you omit the input file entirely, &tex; accepts input from the terminal. You specify command options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g.</para>
<example xml:space="preserve">latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'</example>
<para role="continues">will process <file>foo.tex</file> without pausing after every error.</para>
<para><indexterm index="cp"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">\stop</indexterm>If &latex; stops in the middle of the document and gives you a <samp>*</samp> prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type <code>\stop</code> (and return) and it will prematurely end the document.</para>
@@ -6946,8 +7296,8 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger</display>
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Document templates</nodename>
- <nodenext>Command Index</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Command Line</nodeprev>
+ <nodenext>Concept Index</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>Command line</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<appendix>
<title>Document templates</title>
@@ -7113,7 +7463,8 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Concept Index</nodename>
- <nodeprev>Command Index</nodeprev>
+ <nodenext>Command Index</nodenext>
+ <nodeprev>Document templates</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<unnumbered>
<title>Concept Index</title>
@@ -7123,8 +7474,7 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
</node>
<node>
<nodename>Command Index</nodename>
- <nodenext>Concept Index</nodenext>
- <nodeprev>Document templates</nodeprev>
+ <nodeprev>Concept Index</nodeprev>
<nodeup>Top</nodeup>
<unnumbered>
<title>Command Index</title>