summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2011-05-13 22:26:53 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2011-05-13 22:26:53 +0000
commit7b1412793a9f44a07b9cbd0dd6111f68e0a91e86 (patch)
tree1e49134cfd98699b34ccebdfea4f2b3bf8f925cc /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
parentae5426ba24cb178c4e8bb77c4de79f5d04c5512b (diff)
latex2e-help-texinfo (13may11)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@22463 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk553
1 files changed, 302 insertions, 251 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
index a528d109381..7dcf8aa18db 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<!ENTITY latex "LaTeX">
]>
<book id="latex2e.xml" lang="en">
-<title>@LaTeX{}2e reference manual (July 2010)</title>
+<title>@LaTeX{}2e reference manual (May 2011)</title>
<!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) -->
<!-- xx latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, -->
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
<!-- xx mention usrguide -->
<!-- xx mention ! float placement, p.15 of usrguide -->
<!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ -->
+<!-- xx merged permuted-index -->
<!-- -->
<!-- xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel -->
<!-- xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. -->
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@
<bookinfo>
<legalnotice>
<para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version of July 2010.
+document preparation system, version of May 2011.
</para>
<para>This was originally translated from <filename>LATEX.HLP</filename> v1.0a in the VMS
Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -37,10 +38,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges
using <citetitle>Hypertext Help with &latex;</citetitle>, by Sheldon Green, and the
<citetitle>&latex; Command Summary</citetitle> (for &latex; 2.09) by L.&nbsp;Botway
and C.&nbsp;Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as
-<citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (text was not
+<citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (no text was
directly copied).
</para>
-<para>Copyright &copy; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.
+<para>Copyright &copy; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry.
Copyright &copy; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
@@ -72,76 +73,103 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
<title>&latex;2e</title>
<para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is
+document preparation system, version as of May 2011. It is
intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of
&latex; for many years.
</para>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Knuth, Donald E.</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lamport, Leslie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; Project team</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald&nbsp;E. Knuth's
-&tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie
-Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers
-(<ulink url="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</ulink>). The official documentation written
-by the &latex; project is available there. Again, the present
-document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the &latex;
-maintainers.
-</para>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="1" id="Overview">
+<chapter label="1" id="About-this-document">
<title>Overview of &latex;</title>
-<indexterm role="cp"><primary>overview of &latex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; overview</primary></indexterm>
-<para>The &latex; command typesets a file of text using the &tex; program
-and the &latex; &ldquo;macro package&rdquo; for &tex;. To be more specific,
-it processes an input file containing the text of a document with
-interspersed commands that describe how the text should be formatted.
-It produces at least three files as output:
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Knuth, Donald E.</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lamport, Leslie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; Project team</primary></indexterm><para>The &latex; document preparation system is implemented as a macro
+package for Donald&nbsp;E. Knuth's &tex; typesetting program.
+&latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now
+maintained by a group of volunteers (<ulink url="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</ulink>).
+The official documentation written by the &latex; project is
+available from their web site.
</para>
-<orderedlist numeration="arabic"><listitem>
-<para>A main output file, which is one of:
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>bug reporting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>reporting bugs</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary><email>latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</email> email address</primary></indexterm><para>The present document is completely unofficial and has not been
+reviewed by the &latex; maintainers. Do not send bug reports or
+anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all
+comments to <email>latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</email>.
</para>
-<orderedlist numeration="arabic"><listitem>
-<para>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a &ldquo;Device Independent&rdquo; (<filename>.dvi</filename>)
-file. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for
-a variety of output devices. You can view such <filename>.dvi</filename> output of
-&latex; by using a program such as <command>xdvi</command> (display directly)
-or <command>dvips</command> (convert to PostScript).
+<para>The home page for this document is
+<ulink url="http://home.gna.org/latexrefman">http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</ulink>. That page has links to the
+current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other
+infrastructure.
</para>
-</listitem>
-<listitem>
-<para>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a &ldquo;Portable Document Format&rdquo;
+
+</chapter>
+<chapter label="2" id="Overview">
+<title>Overview of &latex;</title>
+
+<para>What is &latex;?
+</para>
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>overview of &latex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>basics of &latex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; overview</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; typesets a file of text using the &tex; program and the
+&latex; &ldquo;macro package&rdquo; for &tex;. That is, it processes an input
+file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that
+describe how the text should be formatted. &latex; files are plain
+text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at
+least three files as output:
+</para>
+<orderedlist numeration="arabic"><listitem>
+<para>The main output file, which is one of:
+</para>
+<variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>.dvi</literal></term>
+<listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.dvi file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>latex command</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a &ldquo;Device Independent&rdquo; (<filename>.dvi</filename>)
+file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into
+commands for virtually any output device. You can view such
+<filename>.dvi</filename> output of &latex; by using a program such as
+<command>xdvi</command> (display directly), <command>dvips</command> (convert to
+PostScript), or <command>dvipdfmx</command> (convert to PDF).
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>.pdf</literal></term>
+<listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.pdf file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pdf&tex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>pdflatex command</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a &ldquo;Portable Document Format&rdquo;
(<filename>.pdf</filename>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does
make the output much larger than the <filename>.dvi</filename> produced from the
same document.
-</para></listitem>
-</orderedlist>
-<para>There are other less-common variants of &latex; (and &tex;) as well,
-which can produce HTML, XML, and other things.
+</para>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>lualatex command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lua&tex;</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>lualatex</command>, a <filename>.pdf</filename> file is created using
+the Lua&tex; engine (<ulink url="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</ulink>).
+</para>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>xelatex command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Xe&tex;</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>xelatex</command>, a <filename>.pdf</filename> file is created using
+the Xe&tex; engine (<ulink url="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</ulink>).
+</para>
+</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
+
+<para>Many other less-common variants of &latex; (and &tex;) exist, which
+can produce HTML, XML, and other things.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
-<para>A &ldquo;transcript&rdquo; or <filename>.log</filename> file that contains summary information and
-diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file.
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>transcript file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>log file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.log file</primary></indexterm><para>The &ldquo;transcript&rdquo; or <filename>.log</filename> file that contains summary
+information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the
+input file.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
-<para>An &ldquo;auxiliary&rdquo; or <filename>.aux</filename> file. This is used by &latex; itself, for
-things such as sectioning.
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>auxiliary file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.aux file</primary></indexterm><para>An &ldquo;auxiliary&rdquo; or <filename>.aux</filename> file. This is used by &latex; itself,
+for things such as cross-references.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
-<para>A &latex; command begins with the command name, which consists of a
-<literal>\</literal> followed by either (a)&nbsp;a string of letters or (b)&nbsp;a
-single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <literal>[]</literal>,
-are optional while arguments contained in braces, <literal>{}</literal>, are
+<para>An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to
+list them all. Xxx components?
+</para>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ character starting commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>[...] for optional arguments</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>{...} for required arguments</primary></indexterm><para>In the &latex; input file, a command name starts with a <literal>\</literal>,
+followed by either (a)&nbsp;a string of letters or (b)&nbsp;a single
+non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <literal>[]</literal>, are
+optional while arguments contained in braces, <literal>{}</literal>, are
required.
</para>
-<para>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless
+<indexterm role="cp"><primary>case sensitivity of &latex;</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless
explicitly directed to do otherwise.
</para>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="2" id="Starting-&amp;-ending">
+<chapter label="3" id="Starting-&amp;-ending">
<title>Starting &amp; ending</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting &amp; ending</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ending &amp; starting</primary></indexterm>
@@ -162,7 +190,7 @@ and the <literal>\begin{document}</literal> commands (this area is called the
</para>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="3" id="Document-classes">
+<chapter label="4" id="Document-classes">
<title>Document classes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>document classes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>classes of documents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\documentclass</primary></indexterm>
@@ -184,7 +212,7 @@ classes are available as add-ons; see <xref linkend="Overview"></xref>):
</para>
-<sect1 label="3.1" id="Document-class-options">
+<sect1 label="4.1" id="Document-class-options">
<title>Document class options</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>document class options</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>options, document class</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>class options</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>global options</primary></indexterm>
@@ -239,7 +267,7 @@ the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the
page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper
size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided
printing the text is centered, for two-sided, <literal>\oddsidemargin</literal> is
-40% of the difference between <literal>\paperwidth</literal> and <literal>\textwidth</literal>
+40% of the difference between <literal>\paperwidth</literal> and <literal>\textwidth</literal>,
with <literal>\evensidemargin</literal> the remainder.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>openright</literal></term>
@@ -266,7 +294,7 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="4" id="Typefaces">
+<chapter label="5" id="Typefaces">
<title>Typefaces</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>typefaces</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>fonts</primary></indexterm>
@@ -275,7 +303,7 @@ and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here.
</para>
-<sect1 label="4.1" id="Font-styles">
+<sect1 label="5.1" id="Font-styles">
<title>Font styles</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>font styles</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>typeface styles</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>styles of text</primary></indexterm>
@@ -380,7 +408,7 @@ things.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="4.2" id="Font-sizes">
+<sect1 label="5.2" id="Font-sizes">
<title>Font sizes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>font sizes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>typeface sizes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>sizes of text</primary></indexterm>
<para>The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;.
@@ -418,7 +446,7 @@ these commands; for instance, <literal>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="4.3" id="Low-level-font-commands">
+<sect1 label="5.3" id="Low-level-font-commands">
<title>Low-level font commands</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>low-level font commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>font commands, low-level</primary></indexterm>
<para>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
@@ -508,14 +536,14 @@ followed by <literal>\selectfont</literal>.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="5" id="Layout">
+<chapter label="6" id="Layout">
<title>Layout</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>layout commands</primary></indexterm>
<para>Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
</para>
-<sect1 label="5.1">
+<sect1 label="6.1">
<title><literal>\onecolumn</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\onecolumn</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>one-column output</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\onecolumn</literal> declaration starts a new page and produces
@@ -523,7 +551,7 @@ single-column output. This is the default.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="5.2">
+<sect1 label="6.2">
<title><literal>\twocolumn</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\twocolumn</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>multicolumn text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>two-column output</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -573,7 +601,7 @@ and the main text. Default &lsquo;<literal>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</literal>&rsqu
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="5.3">
+<sect1 label="6.3">
<title><literal>\flushbottom</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\flushbottom</primary></indexterm>
@@ -586,7 +614,7 @@ page.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="5.4">
+<sect1 label="6.4">
<title><literal>\raggedbottom</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raggedbottom</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>stretch, omitting vertical</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\raggedbottom</literal> declaration makes all pages the natural
@@ -595,7 +623,7 @@ stretched.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="5.5" id="Page-layout-parameters">
+<sect1 label="6.5" id="Page-layout-parameters">
<title>Page layout parameters</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>page layout parameters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>parameters, page layout</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>layout, page parameters for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>header, parameters for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footer, parameters for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>running header and footer</primary></indexterm>
@@ -615,8 +643,11 @@ the page footer. Default is &lsquo;<literal>30pt</literal>&rsquo;, except in th
class, where it varies with the type size.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\linewidth</literal></term>
-<listitem><para>Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size,
-paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an <literal>article</literal> document in
+<listitem><para>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <literal>list</literal>
+(see <xref linkend="list"></xref>). Specifically, it is smaller than <literal>\textwidth</literal> by
+the sum of <literal>\leftmargin</literal> and <literal>\rightmargin</literal>
+(see <xref linkend="itemize"></xref>). The default varies with the font size, paper
+width, two-column mode, etc. For an <literal>article</literal> document in
&lsquo;<literal>10pt</literal>&rsquo;, it's set to &lsquo;<literal>345pt</literal>&rsquo;; in two-column mode, that
becomes &lsquo;<literal>229.5pt</literal>&rsquo;.
</para>
@@ -629,11 +660,29 @@ For &lsquo;<literal>11pt</literal>&rsquo;, it's &lsquo;<literal>38\baselineskip<
&lsquo;<literal>36\baselineskip</literal>&rsquo;.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textwidth</literal></term>
-<listitem><para>The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as
-usual. For an <literal>article</literal> or <literal>report</literal> document, it's
+<listitem><para>The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default varies
+as usual. For an <literal>article</literal> or <literal>report</literal> document, it's
&lsquo;<literal>345pt</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>10pt</literal>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<literal>360pt</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>11pt</literal>&rsquo;, and
&lsquo;<literal>390pt</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>12pt</literal>&rsquo;. For a <literal>book</literal> document, it's
-&lsquo;<literal>4.5in</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>10pt</literal>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<literal>5in</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>11pt</literal>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<literal>12pt</literal>&rsquo;.
+&lsquo;<literal>4.5in</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>10pt</literal>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<literal>5in</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<literal>11pt</literal>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<literal>12pt</literal>&rsquo;.
+</para>
+<para>In multi-column output, <literal>\textwidth</literal> remains the width of the
+entire page body, while <literal>\columnwidth</literal> is the width of one column
+(see <xref linkend="\twocolumn"></xref>).
+</para>
+<para>In lists (see <xref linkend="list"></xref>), <literal>\textwidth</literal> remains the width of the
+entire page body (and <literal>\columnwidth</literal> the width of the entire
+column), while <literal>\linewidth</literal> may decrease for nested lists.
+</para>
+<para>Inside a minipage (see <xref linkend="minipage"></xref>) or <literal>\parbox</literal>
+(see <xref linkend="\parbox"></xref>), all the width-related parameters are set to the
+specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the
+<literal>minipage</literal> or <literal>\parbox</literal>.
+</para>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hsize</primary></indexterm><para>For completeness: <literal>\hsize</literal> is the &tex; primitive parameter used
+when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal
+&latex; documents.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\topmargin</literal></term>
<listitem><para>Space between the top of the &tex; page (one inch from the top of the
@@ -652,7 +701,7 @@ same as the font size, e.g., &lsquo;<literal>10pt</literal>&rsquo; at &lsquo;<li
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="6" id="Sectioning">
+<chapter label="7" id="Sectioning">
<title>Sectioning</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>sectioning</primary></indexterm>
<para>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
@@ -712,7 +761,7 @@ The setting
</para>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="7" id="Cross-references">
+<chapter label="8" id="Cross-references">
<title>Cross references</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>cross references</primary></indexterm>
<para>One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
@@ -720,7 +769,7 @@ the reader to them, as in &ldquo;See Figure 3 for more details.&rdquo;
</para>
-<sect1 label="7.1">
+<sect1 label="8.1">
<title><literal>\label</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\label</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -755,7 +804,7 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes:
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="7.2">
+<sect1 label="8.2">
<title><literal>\pageref{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pageref</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cross referencing with page number</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -768,7 +817,7 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="7.3">
+<sect1 label="8.3">
<title><literal>\ref{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ref</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cross referencing, symbolic</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>section number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>equation number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>figure number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnote number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -783,7 +832,7 @@ such as the word `Section' or `Figure', just the bare number itself.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="8" id="Environments">
+<chapter label="9" id="Environments">
<title>Environments</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>environments</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\begin</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\end</primary></indexterm>
@@ -796,7 +845,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
</screen>
-<sect1 label="8.1">
+<sect1 label="9.1">
<title><literal>abstract</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>abstract environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>abstracts</primary></indexterm>
@@ -809,7 +858,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.2">
+<sect1 label="9.2">
<title><literal>array</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>array environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>arrays, math</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -859,7 +908,7 @@ namely <literal>\arrayrulewidth</literal> and <literal>\arraystretch</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.3">
+<sect1 label="9.3">
<title><literal>center</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>center environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centering text, environment for</primary></indexterm>
@@ -877,7 +926,7 @@ string <literal>\\</literal>.
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.3.1">
+<sect2 label="9.3.1">
<title><literal>\centering</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\centering</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centering text, declaration for</primary></indexterm>
@@ -904,7 +953,7 @@ second line \\
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.4">
+<sect1 label="9.4">
<title><literal>description</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>description environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>labelled lists, creating</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>description lists, creating</primary></indexterm>
@@ -931,7 +980,7 @@ plain typewriter}]</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.5">
+<sect1 label="9.5">
<title><literal>displaymath</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>displaymath environment</primary></indexterm>
@@ -955,7 +1004,7 @@ equation number, use the <literal>equation</literal> environment (see <xref link
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.6">
+<sect1 label="9.6">
<title><literal>document</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>document environment</primary></indexterm>
@@ -964,7 +1013,7 @@ It is required in every &latex; document. See <xref linkend="Starting-&amp;-end
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.7">
+<sect1 label="9.7">
<title><literal>enumerate</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>enumerate environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lists of items, numbered</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1011,7 +1060,7 @@ letters:
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.8">
+<sect1 label="9.8">
<title><literal>eqnarray</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>eqnarray environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>equations, aligning</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>aligning Equations</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1041,7 +1090,7 @@ zero width.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.9">
+<sect1 label="9.9">
<title><literal>equation</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>equation environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>equations, environment for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>formulas, environment for</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1057,7 +1106,7 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.10">
+<sect1 label="9.10">
<title><literal>figure</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>figure</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>inserting figures</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>figures, inserting</primary></indexterm>
<screen>\begin{figure[*]}[<replaceable>placement</replaceable>]
@@ -1145,7 +1194,7 @@ floats; default is &lsquo;<literal>.7</literal>&rsquo;.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.11">
+<sect1 label="9.11">
<title><literal>flushleft</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>flushleft environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-justifying text, environment for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged right text, environment for</primary></indexterm>
<screen>\begin{flushleft}
@@ -1160,7 +1209,7 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string <literal>\\</literal>.
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.11.1">
+<sect2 label="9.11.1">
<title><literal>\raggedright</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raggedright</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged right text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-justifying text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>justification, ragged right</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\raggedright</literal> declaration corresponds to the
@@ -1176,7 +1225,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.12">
+<sect1 label="9.12">
<title><literal>flushright</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>flushright environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged left text, environment for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right-justifying text, environment for</primary></indexterm>
<screen>\begin{flushright}
@@ -1191,7 +1240,7 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string <literal>\\</literal>.
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.12.1">
+<sect2 label="9.12.1">
<title><literal>\raggedleft</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raggedleft</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged left text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>justification, ragged left</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right-justifying text</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\raggedleft</literal> declaration corresponds to the
@@ -1207,7 +1256,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.13">
+<sect1 label="9.13">
<title><literal>itemize</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>itemize environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\item</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lists of items</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>unordered lists</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bulleted lists</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1322,14 +1371,14 @@ see <xref linkend="\parskip"></xref>):
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.14">
+<sect1 label="9.14">
<title><literal>letter</literal> environment: writing letters</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>letter</primary></indexterm>
<para>This environment is used for creating letters. See <xref linkend="Letters"></xref>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.15">
+<sect1 label="9.15">
<title><literal>list</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>list</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lists of items, generic</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>list</literal> environment is a generic environment which is used for
@@ -1351,9 +1400,12 @@ label. It can and usually does contain other &latex; commands.
spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be
empty, i.e., <literal>{}</literal>, which leaves the default spacing.
</para>
+<para>The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by
+<literal>\linewidth</literal> (see <xref linkend="Page-layout-parameters"></xref>).
+</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.16">
+<sect1 label="9.16">
<title><literal>math</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>math environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>in-line formulas</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1369,7 +1421,7 @@ See <xref linkend="Math-formulas"></xref>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.17">
+<sect1 label="9.17">
<title><literal>minipage</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>minipage environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>minipage, creating a</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1401,7 +1453,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.18">
+<sect1 label="9.18">
<title><literal>picture</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>picture</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>creating pictures</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pictures, creating</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1475,7 +1527,7 @@ be the lower left corner of the box.
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.18.1">
+<sect2 label="9.18.1">
<title><literal>\circle</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\circle</primary></indexterm>
<screen>\circle[*]{<replaceable>diameter</replaceable>}
@@ -1488,7 +1540,7 @@ draws a solid circle.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.2">
+<sect2 label="9.18.2">
<title><literal>\makebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makebox (picture)</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}</literal>
@@ -1518,7 +1570,7 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.3">
+<sect2 label="9.18.3">
<title><literal>\framebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\framebox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1535,7 +1587,7 @@ and the contents of the box.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.4">
+<sect2 label="9.18.4">
<title><literal>\dashbox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\dashbox</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1553,7 +1605,7 @@ multiples of the <literal>dlen</literal>.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.5">
+<sect2 label="9.18.5">
<title><literal>\frame</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\frame</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1566,7 +1618,7 @@ space is put between the frame and the object.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.6">
+<sect2 label="9.18.6">
<title><literal>\line</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\line</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1583,7 +1635,7 @@ see the <literal>curve2e</literal> and many many other packages on CTAN.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.7">
+<sect2 label="9.18.7">
<title><literal>\linethickness</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linethickness</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\linethickness{<replaceable>dim</replaceable>}</literal> command declares the thickness
@@ -1595,7 +1647,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by <literal>\oval</literal>.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.8">
+<sect2 label="9.18.8">
<title><literal>\thicklines</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thicklines</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\thicklines</literal> command is an alternate line thickness for
@@ -1604,7 +1656,7 @@ cf.&nbsp;<xref linkend="\linethickness"></xref> and <xref linkend="\thinlines"><
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.9">
+<sect2 label="9.18.9">
<title><literal>\thinlines</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thinlines</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\thinlines</literal> command is the default line thickness for
@@ -1613,7 +1665,7 @@ cf.&nbsp;<xref linkend="\linethickness"></xref> and <xref linkend="\thicklines">
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.10">
+<sect2 label="9.18.10">
<title><literal>\multiput</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\multiput</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1626,7 +1678,7 @@ pattern across a picture. <replaceable>obj</replaceable> is first placed at pos
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.11">
+<sect2 label="9.18.11">
<title><literal>\oval</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\oval</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1653,7 +1705,7 @@ boxes with rounded corners.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.12">
+<sect2 label="9.18.12">
<title><literal>\put</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\put</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1664,7 +1716,7 @@ argument at the given coordinates.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.13">
+<sect2 label="9.18.13">
<title><literal>\shortstack</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\shortstack</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1686,7 +1738,7 @@ positions are:
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.18.14">
+<sect2 label="9.18.14">
<title><literal>\vector</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vector</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1700,7 +1752,7 @@ length and slope. The x and y values must lie between
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.19">
+<sect1 label="9.19">
<title><literal>quotation</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>quotation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph indentations in quoted text</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1719,7 +1771,7 @@ normally.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.20">
+<sect1 label="9.20">
<title><literal>quote</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>quote</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1737,7 +1789,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.21">
+<sect1 label="9.21">
<title><literal>tabbing</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>tabbing environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tab stops, using</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lining text up in columns using tab stops</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>alignment via tabbing</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1834,7 +1886,7 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.22">
+<sect1 label="9.22">
<title><literal>table</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>table</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tables, creating</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>creating tables</primary></indexterm>
@@ -1864,7 +1916,7 @@ you wish. The <literal>\caption</literal> command allows you to title your tabl
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.23">
+<sect1 label="9.23">
<title><literal>tabular</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>tabular environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lines in tables</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lining text up in tables</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -1984,7 +2036,7 @@ in the <literal>tabular</literal> and <literal>array</literal> environments; def
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.23.1">
+<sect2 label="9.23.1">
<title><literal>\multicolumn</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\multicolumn</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2009,7 +2061,7 @@ for flushleft, <literal>r</literal> for flushright. The third mandatory argumen
</screen>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.23.2">
+<sect2 label="9.23.2">
<title><literal>\cline</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cline</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2022,7 +2074,7 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.23.3">
+<sect2 label="9.23.3">
<title><literal>\hline</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hline</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\hline</literal> command draws a horizontal line the width of the
@@ -2032,7 +2084,7 @@ of a table.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.23.4">
+<sect2 label="9.23.4">
<title><literal>\vline</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vline</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\vline</literal> command will draw a vertical line extending the full
@@ -2043,7 +2095,7 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.24">
+<sect1 label="9.24">
<title><literal>thebibliography</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>thebibliography</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bibliography, creating (manually)</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2072,7 +2124,7 @@ less than 10 references, <literal>99</literal> for ones with less than 100, etc.
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.24.1">
+<sect2 label="9.24.1">
<title><literal>\bibitem</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bibitem</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2094,7 +2146,7 @@ associated label.
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.24.2">
+<sect2 label="9.24.2">
<title><literal>\cite</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cite</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2113,7 +2165,7 @@ citation. For example, <literal>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</literal> might produce
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.24.3">
+<sect2 label="9.24.3">
<title><literal>\nocite</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nocite</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\nocite{key_list}</literal>
@@ -2123,7 +2175,7 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the <filename>.aux</filename> f
</para>
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="8.24.4" id="Using-BibTeX">
+<sect2 label="9.24.4" id="Using-BibTeX">
<title>Using Bib&tex;</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>using Bib&tex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bib&tex;, using</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bibliography, creating (automatically)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bibliographystyle</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bibliography</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2166,7 +2218,7 @@ Bib&tex; format. Only the entries referred to via <literal>\cite</literal> and
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.25">
+<sect1 label="9.25">
<title><literal>theorem</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>theorem environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>theorems, typesetting</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2183,7 +2235,7 @@ possibilities for <replaceable>n</replaceable> are described under <literal>\new
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.26">
+<sect1 label="9.26">
<title><literal>titlepage</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>titlepage environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>making a title page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>title pages, creating</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2204,7 +2256,7 @@ produce a standard title page without a <literal>titlepage</literal> environment
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.27">
+<sect1 label="9.27">
<title><literal>verbatim</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>verbatim environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>verbatim text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>simulating typed text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>typed text, simulating</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>code, typesetting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>computer programs, typesetting</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2223,7 +2275,7 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter.
<para>The <literal>verbatim</literal> uses a monospaced typewriter-like font (<literal>\tt</literal>).
</para>
-<sect2 label="8.27.1">
+<sect2 label="9.27.1">
<title><literal>\verb</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\verb</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>verbatim text, inline</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2244,7 +2296,7 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in <replaceable>literal-text</repl
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="8.28">
+<sect1 label="9.28">
<title><literal>verse</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>verse environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>poetry, an environment for</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2267,7 +2319,7 @@ stanzas.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="9" id="Line-breaking">
+<chapter label="10" id="Line-breaking">
<title>Line breaking</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking lines</primary></indexterm>
<para>The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to
@@ -2281,7 +2333,7 @@ some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the
</para>
-<sect1 label="9.1">
+<sect1 label="10.1">
<title><literal>\\</literal>[*][<replaceable>morespace</replaceable>]</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\\ force line break</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line break, forcing</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\\</literal> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an
@@ -2294,7 +2346,7 @@ except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.2">
+<sect1 label="10.2">
<title><literal>\obeycr</literal> &amp; <literal>\restorecr</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\obeycr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\restorecr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, output as input</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\obeycr</literal> command makes a return in the input file
@@ -2306,7 +2358,7 @@ in the output.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.3">
+<sect1 label="10.3">
<title><literal>\newline</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newline</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting (paragraph mode)</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\newline</literal> command breaks the line at the present point, with
@@ -2315,7 +2367,7 @@ mode.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.4">
+<sect1 label="10.4">
<title><literal>\-</literal> (discretionary hyphen)</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\- (hyphenation)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, forcing</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\-</literal> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at
@@ -2331,7 +2383,7 @@ that &latex; might otherwise have chosen.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.5">
+<sect1 label="10.5">
<title><literal>\fussy</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fussy</primary></indexterm>
<para>The declaration <literal>\fussy</literal> (which is the default) makes &tex;
@@ -2343,7 +2395,7 @@ words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.6">
+<sect1 label="10.6">
<title><literal>\sloppy</literal></title>
<para>The declaration <literal>\sloppy</literal> makes &tex; less fussy about line
@@ -2354,7 +2406,7 @@ interword spacing.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.7">
+<sect1 label="10.7">
<title><literal>\hyphenation</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hyphenation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, defining</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2372,7 +2424,7 @@ misses the hyphenations in these words):
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="9.8">
+<sect1 label="10.8">
<title><literal>\linebreak</literal> &amp; <literal>\nolinebreak</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nolinebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, preventing</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopses:
@@ -2392,7 +2444,7 @@ from a demand to a request. The <replaceable>priority</replaceable> must be a n
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="10" id="Page-breaking">
+<chapter label="11" id="Page-breaking">
<title>Page breaking</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>page breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking pages</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
@@ -2401,7 +2453,7 @@ but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.
</para>
-<sect1 label="10.1">
+<sect1 label="11.1">
<title><literal>\cleardoublepage</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cleardoublepage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting on a right-hand page</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2412,7 +2464,7 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="10.2">
+<sect1 label="11.2">
<title><literal>\clearpage</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\clearpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>flushing floats and starting a page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page and clearing floats</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\clearpage</literal> command ends the current page and causes all
@@ -2420,7 +2472,7 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="10.3">
+<sect1 label="11.3">
<title><literal>\newpage</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new page, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\newpage</literal> command ends the current page, but does not clear
@@ -2428,7 +2480,7 @@ floats (see <literal>\clearpage</literal> above).
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="10.4">
+<sect1 label="11.4">
<title><literal>\enlargethispage</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\enlargethispage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>enlarge current page</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\enlargethispage{size}</literal>
@@ -2445,7 +2497,7 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="10.5">
+<sect1 label="11.5">
<title><literal>\pagebreak</literal> &amp; <literal>\nopagebreak</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nopagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, preventing</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopses:
@@ -2466,7 +2518,7 @@ insistent the request is.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="11" id="Footnotes">
+<chapter label="12" id="Footnotes">
<title>Footnotes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnotes, creating</primary></indexterm>
<para>Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced
@@ -2476,7 +2528,7 @@ produced with two commands, the <literal>\footnotemark</literal> and the
</para>
-<sect1 label="11.1">
+<sect1 label="12.1">
<title><literal>\footnote</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnote</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2494,7 +2546,7 @@ tables or in a <literal>tabular</literal> environment. (See following sections.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="11.2">
+<sect1 label="12.2">
<title><literal>\footnotemark</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnotemark</primary></indexterm>
<para>With no optional argument, the <literal>\footnotemark</literal> command puts the
@@ -2511,7 +2563,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="11.3">
+<sect1 label="12.3">
<title><literal>\footnotetext</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnotetext</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2527,7 +2579,7 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="11.4" id="Symbolic-footnotes">
+<sect1 label="12.4" id="Symbolic-footnotes">
<title>Symbolic footnotes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</primary></indexterm><para>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
@@ -2542,7 +2594,7 @@ redefine <literal>\@fnsymbol</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="11.5" id="Footnote-parameters">
+<sect1 label="12.5" id="Footnote-parameters">
<title>Footnote parameters</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnote parameters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>parameters, for footnotes</primary></indexterm>
@@ -2564,7 +2616,7 @@ footnotes. This is &lsquo;<literal>6.65pt</literal>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<literal>
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="12" id="Definitions">
+<chapter label="13" id="Definitions">
<title>Definitions</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>definitions</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
@@ -2573,7 +2625,7 @@ footnotes. This is &lsquo;<literal>6.65pt</literal>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<literal>
-<sect1 label="12.1">
+<sect1 label="13.1">
<title><literal>\newcommand</literal> &amp; <literal>\renewcommand</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newcommand</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>commands, defining new ones</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining a new command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new commands, defining</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\newcommand</literal> and <literal>\renewcommand</literal> define and redefine a
@@ -2608,9 +2660,10 @@ text of the <replaceable>n</replaceable>th argument.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
+<!-- xx \providecommand, * form (non-\long) -->
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.2">
+<sect1 label="13.2">
<title><literal>\newcounter</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newcounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, defining new</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2627,7 +2680,7 @@ will be reset whenever <replaceable>countername</replaceable> is incremented.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.3">
+<sect1 label="13.3">
<title><literal>\newlength</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newlength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, defining new</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2644,7 +2697,7 @@ for more information about lengths in general.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.4">
+<sect1 label="13.4">
<title><literal>\newsavebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newsavebox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2656,7 +2709,7 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.5">
+<sect1 label="13.5">
<title><literal>\newenvironment</literal> &amp; <literal>\renewenvironment</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newenvironment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\renewenvironment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>environments, defining</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new environments</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>redefining environments</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopses:
@@ -2695,7 +2748,7 @@ may not contain any argument parameters.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.6">
+<sect1 label="13.6">
<title><literal>\newtheorem</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newtheorem</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>theorems, defining</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new theorems</primary></indexterm>
<screen>\newtheorem{<replaceable>newenv</replaceable>}{<replaceable>label</replaceable>}[<replaceable>within</replaceable>]
@@ -2727,7 +2780,7 @@ not both.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.7">
+<sect1 label="13.7">
<title><literal>\newfont</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newfont</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>fonts, new commands for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new fonts</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2743,7 +2796,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <filename>.fd</filename> fi
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="12.8">
+<sect1 label="13.8">
<title><literal>\protect</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\protect</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>fragile commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>moving arguments</primary></indexterm><para>Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
@@ -2770,7 +2823,7 @@ be preceded by <literal>\protect</literal>.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="13" id="Counters">
+<chapter label="14" id="Counters">
<title>Counters</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, a list of</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>variables, a list of</primary></indexterm>
<para>Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with
@@ -2788,7 +2841,7 @@ subsubsection
</screen>
-<sect1 label="13.1">
+<sect1 label="14.1">
<title><literal>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</literal>: Printing counters</title>
<para>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
@@ -2822,7 +2875,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.2">
+<sect1 label="14.2">
<title><literal>\usecounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\usecounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>list items, specifying counter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>numbered items, specifying counter</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2835,7 +2888,7 @@ the list items.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.3">
+<sect1 label="14.3">
<title><literal>\value{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\value</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, getting value of</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2851,7 +2904,7 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example:
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.4">
+<sect1 label="14.4">
<title><literal>\setcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\setcounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, setting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>setting counters</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -2863,7 +2916,7 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example:
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.5">
+<sect1 label="14.5">
<title><literal>\addtocounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtocounter</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\addtocounter</literal> command increments <replaceable>counter</replaceable> by the
@@ -2871,7 +2924,7 @@ amount specified by the <replaceable>value</replaceable> argument, which may be
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.6">
+<sect1 label="14.6">
<title><literal>\refstepcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\refstepcounter</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\refstepcounter</literal> command works in the same way as
@@ -2880,7 +2933,7 @@ current <literal>\ref</literal> value to be the result of <literal>\thecounter</
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.7">
+<sect1 label="14.7">
<title><literal>\stepcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\stepcounter</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\stepcounter</literal> command adds one to <replaceable>counter</replaceable> and
@@ -2888,7 +2941,7 @@ resets all subsidiary counters.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="13.8">
+<sect1 label="14.8">
<title><literal>\day \month \year</literal>: Predefined counters</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\day</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\month</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\year</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; defines counters for the day of the month (<literal>\day</literal>,
@@ -2903,7 +2956,7 @@ current day (see <xref linkend="\today"></xref>).
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="14" id="Lengths">
+<chapter label="15" id="Lengths">
<title>Lengths</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, defining and using</primary></indexterm>
<para>A <literal>length</literal> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a
@@ -2911,7 +2964,7 @@ length as an argument.
</para>
-<sect1 label="14.1">
+<sect1 label="15.1">
<title><literal>\setlength{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\setlength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, setting</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\setlength</literal> sets the value of <replaceable>\len</replaceable> to the <replaceable>value</replaceable>
@@ -2921,7 +2974,7 @@ understands, i.e., inches (<literal>in</literal>), millimeters (<literal>mm</lit
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="14.2">
+<sect1 label="15.2">
<title>\addtolength{<replaceable>\len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtolength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, adding to</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\addtolength</literal> command increments a &ldquo;length command&rdquo;
@@ -2930,7 +2983,7 @@ may be negative.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="14.3">
+<sect1 label="15.3">
<title><literal>\settodepth</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settodepth</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</literal>
@@ -2940,7 +2993,7 @@ equal to the depth of the <literal>text</literal> argument.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="14.4">
+<sect1 label="15.4">
<title><literal>\settoheight</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settoheight</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</literal>
@@ -2951,7 +3004,7 @@ equal to the height of the <literal>text</literal> argument.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="14.5">
+<sect1 label="15.5">
<title><literal>\settowidth{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settowidth</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\settowidth</literal> command sets the value of the command <replaceable>\len</replaceable>
@@ -2960,7 +3013,7 @@ to the width of the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="14.6" id="Predefined-lengths">
+<sect1 label="15.6" id="Predefined-lengths">
<title>Predefined lengths</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, predefined</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>predefined lengths</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\width</literal>
@@ -2982,7 +3035,7 @@ natural size, e.g., say
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="15" id="Making-paragraphs">
+<chapter label="16" id="Making-paragraphs">
<title>Making paragraphs</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>making paragraphs</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraphs</primary></indexterm>
<para>A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines&mdash;lines not
@@ -2992,7 +3045,7 @@ a sectioning command.
</para>
-<sect1 label="15.1">
+<sect1 label="16.1">
<title><literal>\indent</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\indent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\parindent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>indent, forcing</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\indent</literal> produces a horizontal space whose width equals the
@@ -3006,7 +3059,7 @@ mode, otherwise <literal>15pt</literal> for <literal>10pt</literal> documents, <
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="15.2">
+<sect1 label="16.2">
<title><literal>\noindent</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\noindent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>indent, suppressing</primary></indexterm>
<para>When used at the beginning of the paragraph, <literal>\noindent</literal>
@@ -3015,7 +3068,7 @@ the middle of a paragraph.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="15.3">
+<sect1 label="16.3">
<title><literal>\parskip</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\parskip</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical space before paragraphs</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\parskip</literal> is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added
@@ -3023,7 +3076,7 @@ before each paragraph. The default is <literal>0pt plus1pt</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="15.4" id="Marginal-notes">
+<sect1 label="16.4" id="Marginal-notes">
<title>Marginal notes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>marginal notes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>notes in the margin</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>remarks in the margin</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\marginpar</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -3084,7 +3137,7 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="16" id="Math-formulas">
+<chapter label="17" id="Math-formulas">
<title>Math formulas</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math formulas</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>formulas, math</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math mode, entering</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>math environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>displaymath environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>equation environment</primary></indexterm><para>There are three environments that put &latex; in math mode:
@@ -3126,7 +3179,7 @@ below summations. For example
-<sect1 label="16.1" id="Subscripts-&amp;-superscripts">
+<sect1 label="17.1" id="Subscripts-&amp;-superscripts">
<title>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>superscript</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>subscript</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>exponent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>_</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>^</primary></indexterm>
<para>To get an expression <wordasword>exp</wordasword> to appear as a subscript, you just type
@@ -3138,7 +3191,7 @@ superscript.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.2" id="Math-symbols">
+<sect1 label="17.2" id="Math-symbols">
<title>Math symbols</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math symbols</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>symbols, math</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>greek letters</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to
@@ -3780,7 +3833,7 @@ the pi symbol (\pi) in your output.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.3" id="Math-functions">
+<sect1 label="17.3" id="Math-functions">
<title>Math functions</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math functions</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>functions, math</primary></indexterm>
<para>These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
@@ -3892,7 +3945,7 @@ spacing.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.4" id="Math-accents">
+<sect1 label="17.4" id="Math-accents">
<title>Math accents</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math accents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>accents, mathematical</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters
@@ -3945,7 +3998,7 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.5" id="Spacing-in-math-mode">
+<sect1 label="17.5" id="Spacing-in-math-mode">
<title>Spacing in math mode</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>spacing within math mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math mode, spacing</primary></indexterm>
<para>In a <literal>math</literal> environment, &latex; ignores the spaces you type and
@@ -3966,7 +4019,7 @@ commands for use in math mode:
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="16.6" id="Math-miscellany">
+<sect1 label="17.6" id="Math-miscellany">
<title>Math miscellany</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>math miscellany</primary></indexterm>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>\*</literal></term>
@@ -4022,7 +4075,7 @@ descenders.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="17" id="Modes">
+<chapter label="18" id="Modes">
<title>Modes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>modes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-to-right mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lR mode</primary></indexterm>
@@ -4068,7 +4121,7 @@ in, is called &ldquo;outer paragraph mode&rdquo;.
</para>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="18" id="Page-styles">
+<chapter label="19" id="Page-styles">
<title>Page styles</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>styles, page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page styles</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\documentclass</literal> command determines the size and position of
@@ -4076,7 +4129,7 @@ the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.
</para>
-<sect1 label="18.1">
+<sect1 label="19.1">
<title><literal>\maketitle</literal></title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>titles, making</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\maketitle</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\maketitle</literal> command generates a title on a separate title
@@ -4107,7 +4160,7 @@ document. Use <literal>\\</literal> to force a line break, as usual.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="18.2">
+<sect1 label="19.2">
<title><literal>\pagenumbering</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagenumbering</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page numbering style</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4130,7 +4183,7 @@ document. Use <literal>\\</literal> to force a line break, as usual.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="18.3">
+<sect1 label="19.3">
<title><literal>\pagestyle</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagestyle</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>header style</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footer style</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>running header and footer style</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4173,7 +4226,7 @@ the page.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="18.4">
+<sect1 label="19.4">
<title><literal>\thispagestyle{<replaceable>style</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thispagestyle</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\thispagestyle</literal> command works in the same manner as the
@@ -4183,7 +4236,7 @@ changes to <replaceable>style</replaceable> for the current page only.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="19" id="Spaces">
+<chapter label="20" id="Spaces">
<title>Spaces</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>spaces</primary></indexterm>
<para>&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
@@ -4194,7 +4247,7 @@ more often useful in math mode (see <xref linkend="Spacing-in-math-mode"></xref
</para>
-<sect1 label="19.1">
+<sect1 label="20.1">
<title><literal>\hspace</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hspace</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4213,7 +4266,7 @@ form.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.2">
+<sect1 label="20.2">
<title><literal>\hfill</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hfill</primary></indexterm><para>The <literal>\hfill</literal> fill command produces a &ldquo;rubber length&rdquo; which has
@@ -4226,7 +4279,7 @@ equivalent to <literal>\hfill</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.3">
+<sect1 label="20.3">
<title><literal>\SPACE</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\SPACE</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\TAB</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\NEWLINE</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\ </literal> (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's
@@ -4240,7 +4293,7 @@ are equivalent to <literal>\ </literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.4">
+<sect1 label="20.4">
<title><literal>\@</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\@</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\@</literal> command makes the following punctuation character end a
@@ -4260,7 +4313,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.5">
+<sect1 label="20.5">
<title><literal>\thinspace</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thinspace</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\thinspace</literal> produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that
@@ -4269,7 +4322,7 @@ in '&rdquo;.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.6">
+<sect1 label="20.6">
<title><literal>\/</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\/</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\/</literal> command produces an <firstterm>italic correction</firstterm>. This is a
@@ -4291,7 +4344,7 @@ with pdf&tex;.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.7">
+<sect1 label="20.7">
<title><literal>\hrulefill</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hrulefill</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\hrulefill</literal> fill command produces a &ldquo;rubber length&rdquo; which can
@@ -4300,7 +4353,7 @@ rule.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.8">
+<sect1 label="20.8">
<title><literal>\dotfill</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\dotfill</primary></indexterm>
@@ -4310,7 +4363,7 @@ with dots instead of just white space.
<!-- xx undone -->
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.9">
+<sect1 label="20.9">
<title><literal>\addvspace</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addvspace</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical space</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>space, inserting vertical</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\addvspace{length}</literal>
@@ -4323,7 +4376,7 @@ of the total vertical space equal to <literal>length</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.10">
+<sect1 label="20.10">
<title><literal>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</literal></title>
<para>These commands produce a given amount of space.
@@ -4346,7 +4399,7 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.11">
+<sect1 label="20.11">
<title><literal>\vfill</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vfill</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\vfill</literal> fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which
@@ -4355,7 +4408,7 @@ can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="19.12">
+<sect1 label="20.12">
<title><literal>\vspace[*]{<replaceable>length</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vspace</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4372,7 +4425,7 @@ space is not removed.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="20" id="Boxes">
+<chapter label="21" id="Boxes">
<title>Boxes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>boxes</primary></indexterm>
@@ -4381,7 +4434,7 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
</para>
-<sect1 label="20.1">
+<sect1 label="21.1">
<title><literal>\mbox{<replaceable>text}</replaceable></literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mbox</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, preventing</primary></indexterm><para>The <literal>\mbox</literal> command creates a box just wide enough to hold the
@@ -4390,7 +4443,7 @@ lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.2">
+<sect1 label="21.2">
<title><literal>\fbox</literal> and <literal>\framebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fbox</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\framebox</primary></indexterm>
@@ -4416,7 +4469,7 @@ argument. <!-- xxref -->
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.3">
+<sect1 label="21.3">
<title><literal>lrbox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>lrbox</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}</literal>
@@ -4428,7 +4481,7 @@ must have been declared with <literal>\newsavebox</literal>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.4">
+<sect1 label="21.4">
<title><literal>\makebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makebox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4457,7 +4510,7 @@ see <xref linkend="\makebox-(picture)"></xref>.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.5">
+<sect1 label="21.5">
<title><literal>\parbox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\parbox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4502,7 +4555,7 @@ for this to work.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.6">
+<sect1 label="21.6">
<title><literal>\raisebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raisebox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4521,7 +4574,7 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.7">
+<sect1 label="21.7">
<title><literal>\savebox</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\savebox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4535,7 +4588,7 @@ declared with <literal>\newsavebox</literal> (see <xref linkend="\newsavebox"></
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.8">
+<sect1 label="21.8">
<title><literal>\sbox{<replaceable>\boxcmd</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\sbox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4550,7 +4603,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="20.9">
+<sect1 label="21.9">
<title><literal>\usebox{<replaceable>\boxcmd</replaceable></literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\usebox</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4563,7 +4616,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="21" id="Special-insertions">
+<chapter label="22" id="Special-insertions">
<title>Special insertions</title>
<para>&latex; provides commands for inserting characters that have a
@@ -4571,7 +4624,7 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
</para>
-<sect1 label="21.1" id="Reserved-characters">
+<sect1 label="22.1" id="Reserved-characters">
<title>Reserved characters</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>reserved characters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, reserved</primary></indexterm>
<para>The following characters play a special role in &latex; and are called
@@ -4606,7 +4659,7 @@ with <literal>&quot;</literal>, so the previous example could also be written as
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="21.2" id="Text-symbols">
+<sect1 label="22.2" id="Text-symbols">
<title>Text symbols</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>text symbols</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>textcomp package</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
@@ -4738,9 +4791,6 @@ has the ascender height.
<term><literal>\textordmasculine</literal></term>
<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>feminine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>masculine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ordinals, feminine and masculine</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</primary></indexterm><para>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: &ordf;, &ordm;.
</para>
-</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textordfeminine</literal></term>
-<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>feminine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><para>Feminine ordinal symbol: &reg;.
-</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textperiodcentered</literal></term>
<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>period, centered, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centered period, in text</primary></indexterm><para>Centered period: \cdot.
</para>
@@ -4776,7 +4826,7 @@ has the ascender height.
<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>trademark symbol</primary></indexterm><para>Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\texttwelveudash</literal></term>
-<listitem><para>Xx 12u-.
+<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>two-thirds em-dash</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>em-dash, two-thirds</primary></indexterm><para>&ldquo;Two-thirds&rdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textunderscore</literal></term>
<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>underscore, in text</primary></indexterm><para>Underscore: _.
@@ -4788,7 +4838,7 @@ has the ascender height.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="21.3" id="Accents">
+<sect1 label="22.3" id="Accents">
<title>Accents</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>accents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, accented</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, accented</primary></indexterm>
@@ -4886,7 +4936,7 @@ descenders. See also <literal>\underline</literal> in <xref linkend="Math-misce
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="21.4" id="Non-English-characters">
+<sect1 label="22.4" id="Non-English-characters">
<title>Non-English characters</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>special characters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>non-English characters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, non-English</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, non-English</primary></indexterm>
@@ -4941,7 +4991,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="21.5">
+<sect1 label="22.5">
<title><literal>\rule</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\rule</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -4963,7 +5013,7 @@ rectangles. The arguments are:
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="21.6">
+<sect1 label="22.6">
<title><literal>\today</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\today</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\today</literal> command produces today's date, in the format
@@ -4978,7 +5028,7 @@ of other date formats.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="22" id="Splitting-the-input">
+<chapter label="23" id="Splitting-the-input">
<title>Splitting the input</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>splitting the input file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>input file</primary></indexterm>
<para>A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole
@@ -4989,7 +5039,7 @@ when you run &latex;.
</para>
-<sect1 label="22.1">
+<sect1 label="23.1">
<title><literal>\include</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\include</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -5010,7 +5060,7 @@ read by another <literal>\include</literal> command.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="22.2">
+<sect1 label="23.2">
<title>\<literal>includeonly</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\includeonly</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -5027,7 +5077,7 @@ effective.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="22.3" id="\input">
+<sect1 label="23.3" id="\input">
<title>\input</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\input</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -5046,16 +5096,16 @@ is tried (&lsquo;<literal>foo</literal>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<literal>foo.bar</liter
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="23" id="Front/back-matter">
+<chapter label="24" id="Front/back-matter">
<title>Front/back matter</title>
-<sect1 label="23.1" id="Tables-of-contents">
+<sect1 label="24.1" id="Tables-of-contents">
<title>Tables of contents</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>table of contents, creating</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\tableofcontents</primary></indexterm><para>A table of contents is produced with the <literal>\tableofcontents</literal>
+<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\tableofcontents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.toc file</primary></indexterm><para>A table of contents is produced with the <literal>\tableofcontents</literal>
command. You put the command right where you want the table of
contents to go; &latex; does the rest for you. A previous run must
have generated a <filename>.toc</filename> file.
@@ -5074,7 +5124,7 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents.
</para>
-<sect2 label="23.1.1" id="\addcontentsline">
+<sect2 label="24.1.1" id="\addcontentsline">
<title>\addcontentsline</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addcontentsline{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>table of contents entry, manually adding</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\addcontentsline</literal>{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}
@@ -5109,7 +5159,7 @@ command <literal>\contentsline{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>nam
</sect2>
-<sect2 label="23.1.2" id="\addtocontents">
+<sect2 label="24.1.2" id="\addtocontents">
<title>\addtocontents</title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtocontents{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\addtocontents</literal>{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>} command adds text
@@ -5128,7 +5178,7 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
</sect2>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="23.2" id="Glossaries">
+<sect1 label="24.2" id="Glossaries">
<title>Glossaries</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>glossaries</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makeglossary</primary></indexterm><para>The command <literal>\makeglossary</literal> enables creating glossaries.
@@ -5145,7 +5195,7 @@ glossaries.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="23.3" id="Indexes">
+<sect1 label="24.3" id="Indexes">
<title>Indexes</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>indexes</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makeindex</primary></indexterm><para>The command <literal>\makeindex</literal> enables creating indexes. Put this in
@@ -5192,7 +5242,7 @@ preparing the index.
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="24" id="Letters">
+<chapter label="25" id="Letters">
<title>Letters</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>creating letters</primary></indexterm>
<para>You can use &latex; to typeset letters, both personal and business. The
@@ -5230,7 +5280,7 @@ commands, use <literal>\\</literal> to separate the items.
</para>
-<sect1 label="24.1">
+<sect1 label="25.1">
<title>\address{<replaceable>return-address}</replaceable></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\address</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <literal>\address</literal> specifies the return address of a letter, as it
@@ -5245,7 +5295,7 @@ letter will be formatted as a personal letter.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.2">
+<sect1 label="25.2">
<title><literal>\cc</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cc</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cc list, in letters</primary></indexterm>
@@ -5258,7 +5308,7 @@ printed on a separate line.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.3">
+<sect1 label="25.3">
<title><literal>\closing</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\closing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, ending</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>closing letters</primary></indexterm>
@@ -5271,7 +5321,7 @@ printed on a separate line.
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.4">
+<sect1 label="25.4">
<title><literal>\encl</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\encl</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>enclosure list</primary></indexterm>
@@ -5283,7 +5333,7 @@ printed on a separate line.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.5">
+<sect1 label="25.5">
<title><literal>\location</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\location</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\location{address}</literal>
@@ -5293,7 +5343,7 @@ if the <literal>firstpage</literal> pagestyle is selected.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.6">
+<sect1 label="25.6">
<title><literal>\makelabels</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makelabels</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\makelabels{number}</literal>
@@ -5304,7 +5354,7 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.7">
+<sect1 label="25.7">
<title><literal>\name</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\name</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\name{June Davenport}</literal>
@@ -5314,7 +5364,7 @@ address.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.8">
+<sect1 label="25.8">
<title><literal>\opening{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\opening</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, starting</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -5329,7 +5379,7 @@ For instance:
</screen>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.9">
+<sect1 label="25.9">
<title><literal>\ps</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ps</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>postscript, in letters</primary></indexterm>
<para>Use the <literal>\ps</literal> command to start a postscript in a letter, after
@@ -5337,7 +5387,7 @@ For instance:
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.10">
+<sect1 label="25.10">
<title><literal>\signature{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\signature</primary></indexterm>
<para>Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the
@@ -5346,7 +5396,7 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.11">
+<sect1 label="25.11">
<title><literal>\startbreaks</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\startbreaks</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\startbreaks</literal>
@@ -5356,7 +5406,7 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.12">
+<sect1 label="25.12">
<title><literal>\stopbreaks</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\stopbreaks</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\stopbreaks</literal>
@@ -5366,7 +5416,7 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="24.13">
+<sect1 label="25.13">
<title><literal>\telephone</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\telephone</primary></indexterm>
<para><literal>\telephone{number}</literal>
@@ -5377,12 +5427,12 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="25" id="Terminal-input/output">
+<chapter label="26" id="Terminal-input/output">
<title>Terminal input/output</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>input/output</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>terminal input/output</primary></indexterm>
-<sect1 label="25.1">
+<sect1 label="26.1">
<title><literal>\typein[<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>]{<replaceable>msg</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\typein</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -5399,7 +5449,7 @@ redefined to be the typed input.
</para>
</sect1>
-<sect1 label="25.2">
+<sect1 label="26.2">
<title><literal>\typeout{<replaceable>msg</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\typeout</primary></indexterm>
<para>Synopsis:
@@ -5420,7 +5470,7 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A <literal>^^J</literal> in
</sect1>
</chapter>
-<chapter label="26" id="Command-line">
+<chapter label="27" id="Command-line">
<title>Command line</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>command line</primary></indexterm>
<para>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted;
@@ -5444,7 +5494,8 @@ command; e.g.
<title>Document templates</title>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>document templates</primary></indexterm>
<para>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will
-be useful.
+be useful. Additional templates are collected at
+<ulink url="http://www.howtotex.com/templates">http://www.howtotex.com/templates</ulink>.
</para>